Journal articles: 'Valorisation of field residue'

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Stone, Jamie, Guillermo Garcia-Garcia, and Shahin Rahimifard. "Selection of Sustainable Food Waste Valorisation Routes: A Case Study with Barley Field Residue." Waste and Biomass Valorization 11, no. 11 (October 23, 2019): 5733–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00816-5.

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Abstract Purpose It is increasingly accepted in the food and drink manufacturing sector that there is a need to manage unavoidable food waste more sustainably. Yet to do so requires careful balancing of environmental, social and economic performance of any given treatment method alongside its technological maturity and alignment with that company’s wider business goals. The purpose of this article is to apply a novel Sustainable Waste Valorisation Identification (SWaVI) framework which considers these criteria to a case study with Molson Coors to identify whether the current strategy of using In Field Barley Straw Residue as animal feed is the most sustainable. Methods Data was collected via a series of interviews with Molson Coors in spring 2017. Data analysis used a hybrid approach combining Cost–Benefit Analysis and Life-Cycle Assessment with a weighted summation variant of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to facilitate comparison of supercritical CO2 extraction of wax from straw, with the current strategy of selling that straw as animal feed. Results Application of the SWaVI framework suggests that supercritical CO2 extraction of wax from straw offers a slightly worse Net Present Value compared to sale as animal feed (£89.1 million compared to £95.3 million) but superior social impacts, technological maturity and alignment with company goals making it superior overall. Conclusions Whilst the supercritical CO2 extraction of wax offers the best sustainability and business case performance for Molson Coors, a range of other factors such as long-term market demand, alignment with relevant legislation, and displacement effects on supply chain stakeholders must be considered. Graphic Abstract

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Grisolia, Giulia, Debora Fino, and Umberto Lucia. "Biomethanation of Rice Straw: A Sustainable Perspective for the Valorisation of a Field Residue in the Energy Sector." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (May 8, 2022): 5679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095679.

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Rice straw represents a field waste. Indeed, only 20% of the rice straw produced is used in the pulp and paper industry. The larger amount of this field residue is burned or left in the field, which has very important environmental consequences. Recently, analogous to a barrel of oil, a metric approach to rice straw, the rice straw barrel, was introduced in order to assign economic value to this waste. In this paper, potential annual biomethane production from anaerobic digestion is evaluated, resulting in a range of biomethane created for each rice straw barrel depending on volatile solid (VS) content as a percentage of total solid (TS) content and on biomethane yield: 23.36 m3 (VS=73.8%TS, 92 L kgVS−1), 26.61 m3 (VS=84.08%TS, 186 L kgVS−1), 29.27 m3 (VS=95.26%TS, 280 L kgVS−1). The new concept of the rice straw barrel is improved based on a new indicator for sustainability, the Thermodynamic Human Development Index (THDI), which was introduced within the last three years. The improvement in sustainability by using rice straw barrels for different countries is analysed based on the THDI.

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Marchelli, Filippo, Giorgio Rovero, Massimo Curti, Elisabetta Arato, Barbara Bosio, and Cristina Moliner. "An Integrated Approach to Convert Lignocellulosic and Wool Residues into Balanced Fertilisers." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020497.

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Valorising biomass waste and producing renewable energy or materials is the aim of several conversion technologies. In this work, we consider two residues from different production chains: lignocellulosic residues from agriculture and wool residues from sheep husbandry. These materials are produced in large quantities, and their disposal is often costly and challenging for farmers. For their valorisation, we focus on slow pyrolysis for the former and water hydrolysis for the latter, concisely presenting the main literature related to these two processes. Pyrolysis produces the C-rich biochar, suitable for soil amending. Hydrolysis produces a N-rich fertiliser. We demonstrate how these two processes could be fruitfully integrated, as their products can be flexibly mixed to produce fertilisers. This solution would allow the achievement of balanced and tuneable ratios between C and N and the enhancement of the mechanical properties. We propose scenarios for this combined valorisation and for its coupling with other industries. As a result, biomass waste would be returned to the field, following the principles of circular economy.

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Mateos-Aparicio, Inmaculada, Elena Pérez-López, and Pilar Rupérez. "Valorisation Approach for the Soybean By-Product Okara Using High Hydrostatic Pressure." Current Nutrition & Food Science 15, no. 6 (September 18, 2019): 548–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401314666180516092837.

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Okara is a perishable, cheap and abundant by-product derived from soybean after extracting the soluble fraction for tofu or soybean drink, mainly known as soymilk, production. Nowadays, Okara is mostly discarded: landfill and incineration, but a useful alternative for valorisation would be to use it as a valuable source of dietary fibre. However, it presents low soluble dietary fibre (SDF) content responsible for prebiotic and anti-carcinogenic effects, so an easy industrial transformation to maximize its SDF content would be most interesting for this purpose. Different approaches can be used to increase SDF content, such as chemical or enzymatic treatments with food-grade enzymes at atmospheric pressure, but these conventional methods present some disadvantages as that the chemical procedures are pollutant and the extractions normally are incomplete, and the enzymatic methods could be expensive to scale-up. On the other hand, currently, consumers are demanding for safer, more natural and minimally-processed foods. This request has led researchers and manufacturers to develop new technologies, and within these, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is one of the top-10 most popular emerging technologies applied in the field of food science. The effect of HHP, and more recently, the combined effect of HHP and enzymatic treatment on okara by-product have been studied, showing that this novel approach, should also be considered in order to stabilise other agro-food byproducts -due to their perishable character- as well as to improve the functionality of the rich-ininsoluble dietary fibre from vegetable residues.

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Granata, Giuseppe, Emanuela Moscardini, Giuliana Furlani, Francesca Pagnanelli, and Luigi Toro. "Automobile shredded residue valorisation by hydrometallurgical metal recovery." Journal of Hazardous Materials 185, no. 1 (January 2011): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.08.107.

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Morais, Ana R. C., Ana C. Mata, and Rafal Bogel-Lukasik. "Integrated conversion of agroindustrial residue with high pressure CO2within the biorefinery concept." Green Chem. 16, no. 9 (2014): 4312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc01093k.

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Mirabile, Daphne, Maria Ilaria Pistelli, Marina Marchesini, Roberta Falciani, and Lisa Chiappelli. "Thermal valorisation of automobile shredder residue: injection in blast furnace." Waste Management 22, no. 8 (December 2002): 841–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0956-053x(02)00071-5.

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Li, Wei, Shuguang Xu, and Xiang Xu. "Valorisation of Corncob Residue towards the Sustainable Production of Glucuronic Acid." Catalysts 12, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12121603.

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The production of glucuronic acid (GA) directly from actual biomass via chemocatalysis is of great significance to the effective valorisation of biomass for a sustainable future. Herein, we have developed a one-step strategy for the conversion of cellulose in corncob residue into GA with the cooperation of Au/CeO2 and maleic acid, achieving a 60.3% yield. Experimental and density functional theory (DFT) results show that maleic acid is effective in the fractionation of cellulose from corncob residue and the depolymerisation of cellulose fragments to glucose, on account of the good capacity for proton migration. Au/CeO2 is responsible for the selective oxidation of glucose to GA, in which the formation of glucaric acid is restrained, due to the weak capacity of Au/CeO2 on the proton transfer without the occurrence of the ring-opening reaction of glucose. Therefore, the relay catalysis of Au/CeO2 and maleic acid enables the production of GA via the complex cascade reactions. This work may provide insight regarding the conversion of actual biomass to targeted products.

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Gunaratne, Tharaka, Joakim Krook, and Hans Andersson. "Current Practice of Managing the Waste of the Waste: Policy, Market, and Organisational Factors Influencing Shredder Fines Management in Sweden." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 16, 2020): 9540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229540.

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The recycling-industry residue called shredder fines (fines) presents a disposal problem, incurs handling costs, and reduces resource efficiency in general. This study aims to identify the challenges of facilitating fines valorisation in the Swedish context. Hence, the shredding company perspective of the underlying factors that sustain the current practice of fines management is established by studying the case of a specific shredding company using semi-structured interviews. Utilisation in landfill covering offers the company a secure outlet and a legislatively-compliant low-cost disposal option for fines. Additionally, lack of specific regulatory standards, unfavourable regulation of waste reutilisation, and lack of market demand for secondary raw materials (SRMs) create disincentives to develop valorisation options. Also, the lack of corporate-level focus on the issue has resulted in a lack of organising for and capacities to improve the handling of the material. Initiating fines valorisation needs to challenge these prevailing circumstances and thus necessitates governmental interventions. Simultaneously, favourable conditions for SRM utilisation are needed; that is, established outlets for fines-derived SRMs and clear regulatory and market playing rules that reduce uncertainty and investment risk of developing tailored processes for upgrading and resource recovery need to be available.

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Kosutic, Milenko, Jelena Filipovic, Zvonko Njezic, Vladimir Filipovic, Vladimir Filipovic, and Bojana Blagojevic. "Flakes product supplemented with sunflower and dry residues of wild oregano." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 23, no. 2 (2017): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq160413036k.

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This paper investigates the effects of simultaneous addition of sunflower (3, 6 or 9 g/100 g of sample) and dry residue of wild oregano (0.5 or 1 of sample), on the physical texture and chemical properties of corn flakes to obtain new products with altered nutritional properties. The chemometric analysis pointed at the versatile beneficial contributions of sunflower in corn flakes enriched with dry residue of wild oregano enabling the optimization of corn flakes formula. The presented data point that addition of milled sunflower in investigated corn flakes products improved nutritive properties while addition of dry residue of wild oregano improved physical characteristics of corn flakes products. Regarding quality (sample CF11, score value of 0.59) maximum scores have been obtained with the addition of 6 g/100 g of sunflower and 1 g/100 g of dry residue of wild oregano per 100 g of sample for corn flakes formulation. Production of corn flakes with addition of wild oregano residues contributed to the food waste valorisation in the food industry.

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Kinnunen, Päivi, Jarno Mäkinen, Marja Salo, Ratana Soth, and Konstantinos Komnitsas. "Efficiency of Chemical and Biological Leaching of Copper Slag for the Recovery of Metals and Valorisation of the Leach Residue as Raw Material in Cement Production." Minerals 10, no. 8 (July 23, 2020): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10080654.

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Copper slags produced in vast quantities in smelting operations could be considered as secondary material sources instead of stockpiling them in landfills. This study investigates the recovery of valuable metals from copper slag and the valorisation of the leach residue as construction material in line with the principles of a circular economy. By taking into account that the environmental characterization of the as-received copper slag did not allow its disposal in landfills without prior treatment, chemical and biological leaching were tested for the recovery of metals. Pre-treatment with acids, namely HNO3 and H2SO4, resulted in the extraction of several target metals and the production of an almost inert waste. Despite the clearly better oxidative conditions prevailing in the bioleaching reactors, chemical leaching resulted in the higher dissolution of Cu (71% vs. 51%), Co (70% vs. 36%), and Zn (65% vs. 44%). The acid consumption was much lower during the bioleaching experiments compared to the chemical leaching. The bioleach residue was suitable for its use as supplementary cementitious material, showing a better performance than the reference sample without causing any detrimental effects to the calcium aluminate cement (CAC) quality. The complete valorisation of copper slags is expected to improve the economics of the process, by avoiding landfill costs and producing saleable products with high added value.

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Du, Lei, Yuyan Shao, Junming Sun, Geping Yin, Chunyu Du, and Yong Wang. "Electrocatalytic valorisation of biomass derived chemicals." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 13 (2018): 3216–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cy00533h.

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Nigam, Nidhi, Karuna Shanker, and Puja Khare. "Valorisation of Residue of Mentha arvensis by Pyrolysis: Evaluation of Agronomic and Environmental Benefits." Waste and Biomass Valorization 9, no. 10 (April 12, 2017): 1909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-017-9928-7.

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Lago, A., H. Hernando, J. M. Moreno, D. P. Serrano, and J. Fermoso. "Valorisation of a lignin-rich residue via catalytic pyrolysis over ZrO2/ZSM-5 technical catalyst." Fuel Processing Technology 215 (May 2021): 106746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2021.106746.

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Fesenko, Ivan B. "LOCAL CLASS FIELD THEORY: PERFECT RESIDUE FIELD CASE." Russian Academy of Sciences. Izvestiya Mathematics 43, no. 1 (February 28, 1994): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/im1994v043n01abeh001559.

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Andrianou, Christina, Konstantinos Passadis, Dimitris Malamis, Konstantinos Moustakas, Sofia Mai, and Elli Maria Barampouti. "Upcycled Animal Feed: Sustainable Solution to Orange Peels Waste." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 20, 2023): 2033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032033.

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Currently, in an effort to increase their sustainability and reduce their carbon footprint, industries look for ways to valorise their waste instead of simply treating it. At the same time, food insecurity is increasing with alarming rates and thus solutions are sought. To this end, the main objective of this paper was to optimise an innovative valorisation strategy to turn orange juice industry by-products into high-value secondary feedstuff for animals. In this context, a valorisation strategy was designed where a saccharification step of the orange peels and an aerobic fermentation step of the liquid residue were included. Both processes were optimised via factorial deign. The saccharification process was optimised in terms of pectinolytic and cellulolytic enzymes and solid loading, whereas the aerobic fermentation method was optimised in terms of nutrients addition, the yeast to glucose ratio, and pH control. According to the optimised conditions, the final animal feedstuff should be formulated by mixing the solid residue of orange peels after the saccharification process under the optimum conditions (50 °C, 24 h, 7.5% solids loading, Pectinex 25 μL/g TS, CellicCTec3 25 μL/g TS), with the harvested yeast cultivated aerobically on orange peels hydrolysate (30 °C, 24 h, orange peels hydrolysate as sugar source, nutrients addition, yeast to glucose ratio equal to 0.02). Finally, the formulated feedstock should be dried in order to stabilise the product in terms of shelf life and feed safety. The final feedstuff presented 23.11% higher in vitro organic matter digestibility and threefold protein content.

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Pawłowska, Kamila, and Bartosz Jawecki. "The Determination of Priority Areas for the Construction of Green Roofs with Use of the Urban Area Valorisation Method." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 29, 2021): 13227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313227.

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The aim of the research was to valorise the analysed urbanized area in the direction of determining the hierarchy in the order of interventions aimed at increasing the share of biologically active area and natural field retention, the potential impact of green roofs on the valorisation of the studied urbanized areas. The research covered the Gajowice estate in Wrocław. The scope of the research included the division of the area into working cells, for which valorisation was carried out using the point method based on the criterion of the degree of covering the land with vegetation and the degree of covering the area with various types of buildings. The valorisation result was determined on the basis of a comparative matrix taking into account the results of the partial assessment of vegetation and building cover. The impact of green infrastructure (green roofs) on valorisation was simulated by proposing their location on buildings with the so-called big plate. The introduction of green roofs on selected buildings improved the valorisation result in some research cells, reducing the number of cells requiring intervention. This raised the valorisation assessment by even two classes, which resulted in a significant reduction in the number of critical areas, with too much hardened surface, and increased the number of areas with a satisfactory level of biologically active surfaces.

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Grazia, L., D. Bonincontro, A. Lolli, T. Tabanelli, C. Lucarelli, S. Albonetti, and F. Cavani. "Exploiting H-transfer as a tool for the catalytic reduction of bio-based building blocks: the gas-phase production of 2-methylfurfural using a FeVO4 catalyst." Green Chemistry 19, no. 18 (2017): 4412–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7gc01749a.

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Gemar, German, Ismael P. Soler, and Eva M. Sánchez-Teba. "Waste Management: Valorisation Is the Way." Foods 10, no. 10 (October 6, 2021): 2373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102373.

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Waste management is one of the great problems in the world today. This study aims to analyse how scientific research has evolved in recent years in the field of waste management and what will be the key issues in the coming years, mainly in terms of recovery. The methodology used was longitudinal bibliometric analysis through scientific mapping using strategic maps and thematic networks. Among the findings, it was confirmed that the concept of incineration is fading due to social opposition and is changing to a much broader concept that encompasses it, such as valorisation. Being able to create a circular economy without waste should be the goal of policy makers. To achieve this, the waste hierarchy must be respected, which indicates that waste must be managed in this order: prevention, minimisation, reuse, valorisation, recovery and elimination.

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Madrid, Rosário, Fernanda Margarido, and Carlos A. Nogueira. "Valorisation of Rice Husk by Chemical and Thermal Treatments." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.659.

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In the industrial production of rice, large quantities of rice husk are generated constituting a residue with costs for the companies, which must be appropriately managed. The high grade of silica in the rice husk opens a possibility for its valorisation, through the production of amorphous silica with high porosity and potential application as ligand in construction materials, as catalyst support, as metals adsorbent, among others. In this research work a process was developed for the production of silica with amorphous properties from rice husk waste, and the products formed were characterised. The process involved three main operations: water washing for removal of some impurities, acid leaching with HCl or H2SO4 solutions for dissolution of contaminating metals and incineration for organics decomposition. The washing operation let a partial purification of the husk, allowing removal of 46-60% of contaminating metals such as K, Fe Mn and Zn. The leaching with 0.4M HCl and 0.2M H2SO4 allowed obtaining high metals removal efficiency, namely >99% for potassium, 85-90% for iron, >96% for manganese and >80% for zinc. The final composition of the leached husk was 0.003-0.006% K, 0.016-0.025% Fe, <0.001% Mn and <0.0007% Zn. The incineration of the rice husk after previous purification was performed at 540°C, by using samples obtained in the several chemical treatment conditions, and using different heating and cooling rates. As a result, a white colored final husk ash was produced, rich in quasi-amorphous silica (confirmed by X-ray diffraction). The analysis by scanning electron microscopy revealed that the organics removal allowed the formation of voids in the rice husk material, which became very porous and presented an alveolar morphology.

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Lbekkouri, Akram. "LOCAL EXTENSIONS WITH IMPERFECT RESIDUE FIELD." Ural Mathematical Journal 5, no. 2 (December 27, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/umj.2019.2.004.

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The paper deals with some aspects of general local fields and tries to elucidate some obscure facts. Indeed, several questions remain open, in this domain of research, and literature is getting scarce. Broadly speaking, we present a full description of the absolute Galois group in all cases with answers on the solvability, prosolvability and procyclicity. Furthermore, we give a result that makes "some'' generalization to Abhyankar's Lemma in local case. Half-way a short section, containing a view of some future research loosely discussed, presents an attempt in the development of the theory. An Annexe elucidate several important points, concerning Hilbert's theory.

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Parmar, Kiran R., and Andrew B. Ross. "Integration of Hydrothermal Carbonisation with Anaerobic Digestion; Opportunities for Valorisation of Digestate." Energies 12, no. 9 (April 26, 2019): 1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091586.

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Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) has been identified as a potential route for digestate enhancement producing a solid hydrochar and a process water rich in organic carbon. This study compares the treatment of four dissimilar digestates from anaerobic digestion (AD) of agricultural residue (AGR); sewage sludge (SS); residual municipal solid waste (MSW), and vegetable, garden, and fruit waste (VGF). HTC experiments were performed at 150, 200 and 250 °C for 1 h using 10%, 20%, and 30% solid loadings of a fixed water mass. The effect of temperature and solid loading to the properties of biocoal and biochemical methane potential (BMP) of process waters are investigated. Results show that the behaviour of digestate during HTC is feedstock dependent and the hydrochar produced is a poor-quality solid fuel. The AGR digestate produced the greatest higher heating value (HHV) of 24 MJ/kg, however its biocoal properties are poor due to slagging and fouling propensities. The SS digestate process water produced the highest amount of biogas at 200 °C and 30% solid loading. This study concludes that solely treating digestate via HTC enhances biogas production and that hydrochar be investigated for its use as a soil amender.

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Kosutic, Milenko, Lato Pezo, Jelena Filipovic, and Vladimir Filipovic. "Improving the nutritive characteristics of corn flakes enriched with functional components." Chemical Industry 71, no. 6 (2017): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind160525012k.

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This paper investigates the effects of simultaneous addition of sunflower (3, 6 or 9 g/100 g of sample) and dry residue of wild oregano (0.5 or 1 g/100 g of sample) on the essential amino acids pattern and antioxidant potential of flake products. The accepted experimental design plan was 3?4. Data point that Score and PDCAAS values in flake products increase with increasing share of sunflower. Maximum value of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were experienced of TPC 2.84 mg/g, DPPH 0.75 mg/ml, FRAP 1.57 mg/g with the product having maximum shares of sunflower and dry residue of wild oregano. Tukey?s HSD test showed statistically significant differences between most of the mean values of amino acids content and antioxidant activity in the observed corn flakes. The response surface method has been applied for evaluation of amino acid content and antioxidative potential of corn flakes. Sunflower in flake products positively contributed to the protein nutritive value and dry residues of wild oregano elevated antioxidant potential of flake products and also contributed to the food waste valorisation in the food industry. Corn flakes are new products with improved essential amino acid pattern, antioxidant activity and functional properties due to added dry residue of wild oregano and sunflower.

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Miller, Claudia, Hamidreza Rahmati, and Janet Striuli. "The residue field as a high syzygy." Communications in Algebra 46, no. 6 (December 15, 2017): 2620–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927872.2017.1404084.

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Riddle, Rachel N., John O'Sullivan, Clarence J. Swanton, and Rene C. Van Acker. "Crop Response to Carryover of Mesotrione Residues in the Field." Weed Technology 27, no. 1 (March 2013): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00071.1.

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Two field residue studies were conducted from 2005 to 2007 in Simcoe, Ontario, Canada, to evaluate the effects of mesotrione soil residues on injury, plant dry weight, and yield of sugar beet, cucumber, pea, green bean, and soybean and to verify the potential of reducing a 2-yr field-residue study (conventional residue carryover) to a 1-yr field study (simulated residue-carryover study) by growing these crops in soil treated with reduced rates of mesotrione applied in the same year. There was a significant difference in mesotrione carryover between 2006 and 2007 and differences between years can be explained by differences in soil pH and soil moisture. The conventional and the simulated residue-carryover studies successfully measured mesotrione persistence and rotational crop sensitivity. Both studies showed that sugar beet was the most-sensitive crop with injury, plant dry weight reduction, and yield loss because of mesotrione residues as high as 100%. Green bean was the next most-sensitive crop to mesotrione residues followed by pea, cucumber, and soybean. The simulated residue-carryover study provided a more-rigorous test of rotational crop sensitivity to mesotrione residues than the conventional residue-carryover study, especially at higher rates for the more-sensitive crops. For the other crops, responses to mesotrione residues were similar between the conventional and simulated residue-carryover studies.

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Liguori, Francesca, Carmen Moreno-Marrodán, and Pierluigi Barbaro. "Valorisation of plastic waste via metal-catalysed depolymerisation." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 17 (March 2, 2021): 589–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.17.53.

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Metal-catalysed depolymerisation of plastics to reusable building blocks, including monomers, oligomers or added-value chemicals, is an attractive tool for the recycling and valorisation of these materials. The present manuscript shortly reviews the most significant contributions that appeared in the field within the period January 2010–January 2020 describing selective depolymerisation methods of plastics. Achievements are broken down according to the plastic material, namely polyolefins, polyesters, polycarbonates and polyamides. The focus is on recent advancements targeting sustainable and environmentally friendly processes. Biocatalytic or unselective processes, acid–base treatments as well as the production of fuels are not discussed, nor are the methods for the further upgrade of the depolymerisation products.

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Marles, Susan M., Thomas D. Warkentin, and Frederick A. Holm. "Field Pea Seed Residue: a Potential Alternative Weed Control Agent." Weed Science 58, no. 4 (December 2010): 433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-10-00015.1.

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Field pea seed from bin cleaning operations stored overwinter on nearby cropland was observed to correlate with weed and crop growth suppression for up to three subsequent years. To explore the phenomenon more explicitly, plant growth suppression trials were undertaken with soil sampled 18 mo apart from two locations that had contained field pea seed residues. Test plant species grown in the residue-affected and nearby residue-free soils were compared in greenhouse experiments. Germination was either fully inhibited or emergence was delayed by more than one week. Dry matter accumulation of test species grown in residue-affected soil was significantly reduced compared to dry matter of these test species grown in residue-free soil (P < 0.0001). Canola and field pea were inhibited more than wheat and green foxtail over both years. Greenhouse trials also revealed that germination of wild oat was inhibited in the residue-affected soils, although wheat and grassy weeds were less suppressed than dicots overall. Significant reductions of weed species diversity and abundance were correlated to residue-affected soils (P < 0.0001) when compared to residue-free soils using multi-response permutations procedures. Germination of wheat and canola seed was inhibited, using aqueous extracts of weathered pea seeds or extracts of the residue-affected soil in bioassays in sterile media. An allelopathic response was proposed to explain the above results, indicating a need for further research on this system. Weed management strategies could be developed with field pea seed residues to provide innovative weed control techniques.

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GAO, KAIFU, and MINGHUI YANG. "MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF HELIX BUNDLE PROTEINS USING UNRES FORCE FIELD AND ALL-ATOM FORCE FIELD." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 11, no. 06 (December 2012): 1201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633612500800.

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We have investigated the folding of two helix-bundle proteins, 36-residue Villin headpiece and 56-residue E-domain of Staphylococcal protein A, by combining molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with Coarse-Grained United-Residue (UNRES) Force Field and all-atom force field. Starting from extended structures, each of the proteins was folded to a stable structure within a short time frame using the UNRES model. However, the secondary structures of helices were not well formed. Further refinement using MD simulations with the all-atom force field was able to fold the protein structure into the native-like state with the smallest main-chain root-mean-square deviation of around 3 Å. Detailed analysis of the folding trajectories was presented and the performance of GPU-based MD simulations was also discussed.

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Dong, Xue Dong. "Generating Idempotents of Quartic Residue Codes over the Field." Applied Mechanics and Materials 519-520 (February 2014): 953–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.519-520.953.

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The generating polynomials of higher power residue codes over finite fields are difficult to construct. This paper gives explicit expressions of generating idempotents of quartic residue codes over the field $F_4$.The result will enable one to construct the generating polynomials of quartic residue codes over the field $F_4$ by computing the greatest common divisors of these generating idempotents and the polynomial $x^n-1$ with computer software such as Matlab and Maple.

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30

Butollo, Florian, and Yannick Kalff. "Entsteht der Postkapitalismus im Kapitalismus?" PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 47, no. 187 (June 1, 2017): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v47i187.146.

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Paul Mason has delivered a compelling analysis in which he argues that digital technologies, knowledge work and the corresponding failure of mechanisms of capital valorisation would undermine capitalism while implying a gradual emergence of social relations beyond capitalism. In our view, however, this proposal for a new transformation strategy is flawed because Mason underestimates tendencies of marketisation that grasp new forms of labour and overestimates the possibilities. In particular, we first criticize Mason’s understanding that valorisation in a knowledge-based, digitized capitalism is impossible. Second, we reject the idea that digital commons and valorisation are mutually exclusive by tracing processes of commodification in this field. Third, we offer a critique of Mason’s strategy for transformation, which we deem one-sided. He does not undertake a sober account of societal power relations and overstretches post-capitalistic potentials. Subjectivities are perceived as inherently capable of being emancipated and universally educated, which neglects the mutual dependence of structure and subjectivities and the way in which class relations and class struggle affect their constitution.

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31

Moliner, Cristina, Dario Bove, and Elisabetta Arato. "Co-Incineration of Rice Straw-Wood Pellets: A Sustainable Strategy for the Valorisation of Rice Waste." Energies 13, no. 21 (November 3, 2020): 5750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215750.

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Agricultural activities produce an estimated amount of 32.7 MToe/year of residues in EU countries. They are mostly disposed in landfills, incinerated without any control, or abandoned in fields, causing severe impacts on human health and environment. Rice is one of the most consumed crops worldwide with an annual production of 782 million tons according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations database. In this context, the EU-funded project LIFE LIBERNITRATE promotes the use of renewable residual sources (i.e., rice straw) to obtain new materials with an added value. The methodology is based on the incineration of rice straw in an own-designed and constructed valorization system. Rice straw/wood pellets are burned in optimized conditions to produce a maximized quantity of ashes with high silica content. These materials will be then used to treat water polluted with nitrates, representing an optimal example of circular economy strategy. In this work, the own-designed valorization unit is described, with special focus on its main constituting elements. The theoretical study of the co-incineration of rice straw and wood pellets identified the optimised combustion conditions. Experimental tests using the theoretical inputs confirmed the most adequate operational conditions (10 g rice straw pellets/min + 10 g wood pellets/min, 6–7 Nm3/h of air, T = 500 °C) and helped in the definition of improvements on the experimental plant.

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32

Pereira, A. M., J. C. B. Moraes, M. J. B. Moraes, J. L. Akasaki, M. M. Tashima, L. Soriano, J. Monzó, and J. Payá. "Valorisation of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) with high quartz content as pozzolanic material in Portland cement mixtures." Materiales de Construcción 68, no. 330 (April 20, 2018): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2018.00617.

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Portland cement (OPC) production is one of the most contaminating greenhouse gas producing activities. In order to reduce OPC consumption, several alternatives are being assessed, and the use of pozzolanic material is one of them. This paper presents study on the reactivity of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), a residue from sugarcane industry, as a pozzolanic material. In order to evaluate SCBA reactivity, it was mixed in pastes with hydrated lime and OPC, which were microstructurally characterised. These studies showed that SCBA presents some pozzolanic characteristics. Studies on mortars in which OPC was replaced by SCBA in the range 10–30% were also carried out. Replacement in the range 15–20% yielded the best behaviour in terms of compressive strength. Finally, it can be concluded this ash could be valorised despite its relative low pozzolanic reactivity.

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Frikha, Kawthar, Lionel Limousy, Muhammad Bilal Arif, Nicolas Thevenin, Lionel Ruidavets, Mohamed Zbair, and Simona Bennici. "Exhausted Grape Marc Derived Biochars: Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Yield and Quality of Biochar for Soil Amendment." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 11, 2021): 11187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011187.

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The present study focuses on the valorisation of winery industry wastes through slow pyrolysis of exhausted grape marc (EGM). The optimal pyrolysis parameters were firstly identified by small scale experiments carried out using thermogravimetric analysis. Nine pyrolysis temperatures were tested and their influence on the decomposition of the EGM residue and biochar yield was evaluated. Then, biochar production was conducted in a pilot plant at three chosen temperatures (450, 500 and 550 °C) at which the biochar was shown to be stable. The effects of biochar application to soil with respect to plant (ryegrass) growth was also evaluated. Pyrolysis of EGM at the 450–550 °C temperature range has been shown to generate thermally stable and nutrient-rich biochars, but only the biochar produced at 450 °C showed a marked benefit effect of ryegrass growth.

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34

Cardoza, Diego, Inmaculada Romero, Teresa Martínez, Encarnación Ruiz, Francisco J. Gallego, Juan Carlos López-Linares, Paloma Manzanares, and Eulogio Castro. "Location of Biorefineries Based on Olive-Derived Biomass in Andalusia, Spain." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 3052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113052.

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A biorefinery integrated process based on lignocellulosic feedstock is especially interesting in rural areas with a high density of agricultural and agro-industrial wastes, which is the case for olive crop areas and their associated industries. In the region of Andalusia, in the south of Spain, the provinces of Jaén, Córdoba and Seville accumulate more than 70% of the olive wastes generated in Spain. Therefore, the valorisation of these wastes is a matter of interest from both an environmental and a social point of view. The olive biorefinery involves a multi-product process from different raw materials: olive leaves, exhausted olive pomace, olive stones and olive tree pruning residues. Biorefinery processes associated with these wastes would allow their valorisation to produce bioenergy and high value-added renewable products. In this work, using geographic information system tools, the biomass from olive crop fields, mills and olive pomace-extracting industries, where these wastes are generated, was determined and quantified in the study area. In addition, the vulnerability of the territory was evaluated through an environmental and territorial analysis that allowed for the determination of the reception capacity of the study area. Then, information layers corresponding to the availability of the four biomass wastes, and layers corresponding to the environmental fragility of the study area were overlapped and they resulted in an overall map. This made it possible to identify the best areas for the implementation of the biorefineries based on olive-derived biomass. Finally, as an example, three zones were selected for this purpose. These locations corresponded to low fragility areas with a high availability of biomass (more than 300,000 tons/year) in a 30 km radius, which would ensure the biomass supply.

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Ma, Jiaxiao, Nan Yan, Mingyi Zhang, Junwei Liu, Xiaoyu Bai, and Yonghong Wang. "Mechanical Characteristics of Soda Residue Soil Incorporating Different Admixture: Reuse of Soda Residue." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 21, 2020): 5852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145852.

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Soda residue (SR), a waste by-product of sodium carbonate production, occupies land resources and pollutes the environment seriously. To promote the resource reusing of waste SR, this paper studies the feasibility of utilizing SR for the preparation of soda residue soil (SRS) through laboratory and field tests. The SR and fly ash (FA) were mixed with six different proportions (SR:FA is 1:0, 10:1, 8:1, 6:1, 3:1, 1:1) to prepare SRS, and the optimum water content, maximum dry density, shear strength, and unconfined compression strength of the SRS were measured. The representative SRS (SR:FA is 10:1) was selected to investigate the compression performance and collapsibility. The preparation and filling method of SRS in the field was proposed, and the effects of gravel, sand, and lime on the mechanical properties of SRS were studied through field tests. The results show that the addition of FA contributed to the strength development of SR, and the addition of lime, sand and rubble have a significant effect on the subgrade bearing capacity of SRS. The subgrade bearing capacity and deformation modulus of SRS in field tests is more than 210 kPa and 34.48 MPa, respectively. The results provide experimental basis and reference for the preparation of SRS, the scientific application of SRS in geotechnical engineering to promote sustainable development.

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Fei, Jiangchi, Jingjing Ma, Jinqin Yang, Yanjie Liang, Yong Ke, Liwei Yao, Yuancheng Li, Degang Liu, and Xiaobo Min. "Effect of simulated acid rain on stability of arsenic calcium residue in residue field." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 42, no. 3 (March 9, 2019): 769–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00273-y.

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Viksne, Gustavs, Ilze Vamža, Viktorija Terjanika, Tereza Bezrucko, Jelena Pubule, and Dagnija Blumberga. "CO₂ Storage in Logging Residue Products with Analysis of Energy Production Scenarios." Environmental and Climate Technologies 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0087.

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Abstract Woody logging residues produced by logging activities are currently an underutilised resource that is mainly burned for energy production or left in the forest to decay, thus releasing CO2 into the atmosphere. This resource could be used to manufacture long-lasting products and store a significant amount of CO2, promoting CO2 valorisation in rural areas. In this study, potential use for logging residues is proposed – the production of low-density wood fibreboard insulation panels. The new material’s potential properties, manufacturing method and combined heat and power (CHP) plant parameters were proposed. The potential climate benefits of the new product were analysed using various biogenic carbon accounting methods. As energy production for manufacturing can be a significant source of emissions, possible energy production scenarios were analysed for manufacturing the product. However, an economically and environmentally viable energy production scenario should be chosen. By conducting a multi-criteria analysis, three possible energy production scenarios were analysed – wood biomass CHP plant, a natural gas CHP plant and a standalone wood biomass combustion plant combined with Solar photo-voltaic (PV) panels. The scenarios were analysed in terms of technological, economic, and environmental performance to determine the best strategy in this case.

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38

Ziati, Mounir, Sabir Hazourli, Sana Nouacer, and Fatma Zohra Khelaifia. "Elimination of arsenic (III) by adsorption on coal resulting from date pits and activated thermally and chemically." Water Quality Research Journal 47, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2012.016.

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The objective of this study is the valorisation of a lignocellulosic natural residue, date pits, and its application in the removal by adsorption of the arsenic (III) contained in water. The chronological stages in obtaining coal were: cleaning, drying, crushing and finally either a thermal treatment by pyrolysis at 900 °C (CAP1) or a chemical pretreatment with iron oxide of the natural residue followed by carbonisation at 600 °C (CAP2). The choice of iron oxide is based on the fact that arsenic (III) has strong affinities for the hydroxide and oxide of this metal. The characterisation of the carbonaceous matter showed properties comparable with those of many industrially produced coals. Retention tests of arsenic (III) on the two adsorption materials studied gave a maximum capacity of adsorption (at 20 °C and 24 h of contact time) of about 25 mg/g for the chemically activated carbon and 21 mg/g for the thermally activated one. The study of the influence of pH and temperature showed that at neutral pH and ambient temperature (T = 20 °C), the optimal adsorption of arsenic (III) follows quite closely the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The kinetics of adsorption is slow and is of pseudo-second order type.

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39

Repka, Joe. "Quadratic subfields on quartic extensions of local fields." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 11, no. 1 (1988): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171288000018.

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We show that any quartic extension of a local field of odd residue characteristic must contain an intermediate field. A consequence of this is that local fields of odd residue characteristic do not have extensions with Galois groupA4orS4. Counterexamples are given for even residue characteristic.

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40

Johnson, James E., David W. Smith, and William B. Stuart. "Nutrient Returns from Field‐Drying of Logging Residue." Journal of Environmental Quality 14, no. 3 (July 1985): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1985.00472425001400030011x.

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41

Ealy, Clifton, Deirdre Haskell, and Jana Maříková. "Residue Field Domination in Real Closed Valued Fields." Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 60, no. 3 (August 2019): 333–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00294527-2019-0015.

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42

DONG, Jian-nan, Yong-qiang MA, Feng-mao LIU, Nai-wen JIANG, and Qiu JIAN. "Dissipation and residue of ethephon in maize field." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 14, no. 1 (January 2015): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(14)60768-1.

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43

Di Carlo, Elisa, Amiel Boullemant, and Ronan Courtney. "A field assessment of bauxite residue rehabilitation strategies." Science of The Total Environment 663 (May 2019): 915–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.376.

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44

Haider, Mohammed Ziaul. "Determinants of rice residue burning in the field." Journal of Environmental Management 128 (October 2013): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.04.046.

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45

Pei, Zhou, Lu Yitong, Liu Baofeng, and Jay J. Gan. "Dynamics of fipronil residue in vegetable-field ecosystem." Chemosphere 57, no. 11 (December 2004): 1691–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.06.025.

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46

Şega, Liana M. "On the linearity defect of the residue field." Journal of Algebra 384 (June 2013): 276–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2013.02.037.

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47

Jiang, Wei, and Yong Guang Yin. "Optimized Hydrolysis of Antler Residue." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 1145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.1145.

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Mixed acid content, electric field intensity and pulse number were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) for protein degree of hydrolysis (DH). The results indicated that the optimum conditions were E/S 4.0%, acid concentration 0.586 mol/L, electric field intensity 19kV/cm, pulse number 8, the DH of 19.3±0.34 % were obtained. In the present study, it is feasible to utilization of antler residue in a novel nutraceutical material with a high solubility for calcium and an easy absorption for collagen peptide to people who acalcerosis.

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Cheruiyot, E. K., S. M. Mwonga, L. M. Mumera, J. K. Macharia, I. M. Tabu, and J. G. Ngugi. "Rapid decay of dolichos [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet] residue leads to loss of nitrogen benefit to succeeding maize (Zea mays L.)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 8 (2007): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06146.

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The traditional natural fallows are no longer practicable in sub-Saharan Africa and technologies to replace them are being popularised through management of short fallow systems. Dolichos [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet] is among the legumes used to improve such fallows and its residues are incorporated to improve yield of succeeding cereal. Two field studies were conducted to determine dolichos residue mineralisation schedule and response of maize to timing of the residue incorporation, to establish if the current residue incorporation practice maximises nutrient benefit to succeeding cereal. Dolichos residue was applied at 2 t/ha in litterbags, buried in the field at 15-cm depth and retrieved after 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks, and the remaining debris analysed for loss of weight, N, P and K. A parallel split-plot experiment was set up to determine response of maize to time of residue incorporation, with or without fertiliser nitrogen supplementation. The main plot treatments were nitrogen fertiliser applied at 0, 30 and 60 kg/ha at sixth fully opened leaf in maize. The subplot treatments were residue management regimes, which included four residue incorporation times of 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks before sowing maize, residue removal off the field, residue mulched on surface and traditional weedy fallow. Results show rapid loss of N, with 50% being released within the first 2–4 weeks after burying. Residue incorporated at 2 and 4 weeks before sowing improved maize yield, while residue removal off-field reduced yield comparably with the traditional weedy fallow. However, there were no statistical differences among the timing of the dolichos residue incorporation. These results reflect poor synchrony of mineralised N and uptake by succeeding maize as currently practiced and suggest residue incorporation closer to sowing maize to benefit the cereal.

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Webber III, Charles L., Paul M. White Jr, Derek S. Landrum, Douglas J. Spaunhorst, and Darcey G. Wayment. "Sugarcane Field Residue and Bagasse Allelopathic Impact on Vegetable Seed Germination." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 11 (October 16, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n11p10.

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The chemical interaction between plants, which is referred to as allelopathy, may result in the inhibition of plant growth and development. The objective of this research was to determine the allelopathic impact of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) var. ‘HoCP 96-540’ field residue and sugarcane bagasse extracts on the germination of three vegetable crops. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. alboglabra Bailey), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds were treated with 4 extract concentrations (0, 16.7, 33.3, and 66.7 g/L) from either sugarcane field residue or sugarcane bagasse extracts. Germination of the tomato, Chinese kale, and cucumber seeds decreased as concentration of sugarcane field residue extracts increased. At the highest residue concentration (66.7 g/L), germination decreased by 44%, 82%, and 88% for tomato, Chinese kale, and cucumber, respectively. These results would indicate that sugarcane field residue would not be a suitable natural mulch or soil amendment for local vegetable production, especially where the vegetables were direct-seeded. If evaluated correctly, the sugarcane field residue may be an effective natural mulch for perennial ornamental plants in landscape applications, serving as a physical and chemical barrier to germinating and emerging weed species. Sugarcane bagasse extracts did not inhibit Chinese kale and cucumber germination, and only inhibited tomato germination by 13% at the greatest concentration (66.7 g/L) in 1 experiment. As the first documented bioassay implicating bagasse as allelopathic active, further research should investigate the subject using higher concentrations, and additional sugarcane and tomato varieties. Except for the one instance with tomato germination, it appears that sugarcane bagasse has potential as a natural mulch for vegetable production, although the mulch would only be a physical barrier to weed establishment and not a allelopathic chemical barrier. Future research should determine the allelopathic active compounds in sugarcane field residue and if the concentration of allelopathic chemicals vary by sugarcane variety.

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Wang, Yu Shuang, Chun Xu Wu, Hong Tao Zhang, Zhao Lin Chen, Guo Qing Yuan, Xuan Xu, and Fang Qin Xue. "Research on Oily Sludge Pyrolysis Residue to the Adsorption of Biologically Treated Oil-Field Wastewater." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 1398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.1398.

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Economical and effective oily sludge pyrolysis residue was prepared, characterized with various techniques, and applied in the removal of COD in biologically treated oil-field wastewater. It was found that surface area of oily sludge pyrolysis residue was 223.62 m2 /g. The content of C and Al2O3 was 27.91% and 27.6%, respectively. Oily sludge pyrolysis residue contains carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl and other oxygen-containing acid functional groups. When the adsorption equilibrium time of oily sludge pyrolysis residue was 90min, pH of solution was 4, the best COD adsorption capacity was 59.5 mg/g. Adsorption of oily sludge pyrolysis residue is determined by its structure and composition. The Al2O3 may play a flocculation and sedimentation role in COD removal, which has a synergistic effect on adsorption. The adsorption of COD from biologically treated oil-field wastewater by oily sludge pyrolysis residue follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Valorisation of field residue'

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