Academic literature on the topic 'Validity'

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Journal articles on the topic "Validity"

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Gavora, P. "Validita a reliabilita výskumných nástrojov: princípy a reálna prax." Pedagogická orientace 23, no. 4 (September 16, 2013): 511–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/pedor2013-4-511.

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Článok odpovedá na otázku, ako sa uplatňujú v praxi princípy zisťovania validity a reliability, ktoré udávajú renomované učebnice metodológie. Prvé dve časti príspevku načrtávajú teoretický rámec a opisujú koncept validity a reliability. Nasledujúce časti vysvetľujú proces analýzy a uvádzajú jej výsledky. Z časopisu The Journal of Educational Research bolo náhodným spôsobom vybratých 56 štúdií. Veľká väčšina (91 %) výskumných nástrojov v nich boli posudzovacie škály a testy, zvyšok boli dotazníky, pozorovacie schémy a interview. Na prekvapenie bola validita zdokumentovaná len u 26 % nástrojov, zvyšok nástrojov boli štandardizované testy, alebo sa autori spoliehali na zrejmú (face) validitu. U posudzovacích škál sa použila konštruktová validita zistená pomocou faktorovej analýzy. Obsahová validita a face validita sa použili pri testoch, dotazníkoch a interview. Kombinované zdroje validity (napr. konštruktová spolu so súbežnou alebo diskriminačnou) sa použili veľmi málo, čo považujeme za nedostatok vo validizačnom procese. Reliabilita bola uvedená pri 80 % nástrojoch. Najfrekventovanejší spôsob bola Cronbachova alfa u posudzovacích škál. Zhoda medzi posudzovateľmi sa použila pri pozorovaní a testoch. Test-retest sa použil pri overovaní, či je merací nástroj na pretest-posttest stabilný v priebehu času. Koeficienty reliability väčšinou presahovali 0,80. Pri analýze štúdií sa potvrdilo, že pri posudzovaní adekvátnosti validizácie a reliabilizácie je potrebné silne prihliadať k špecifickým podmienkam konkrétneho výskumu.
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Kihlstrom, John F. "Ecological Validity and “Ecological Validity”." Perspectives on Psychological Science 16, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): 466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691620966791.

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Egon Brunswik coined the term ecological validity to refer to the correlation between perceptual cues and the states and traits of a stimulus. Martin Orne adapted the term to refer to the generalization of experimental findings to the real world outside the laboratory. Both are legitimate uses of the term because the ecological validity of the cues in an experiment determines the ecological validity of the experiment itself.
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Algina, James, and H. J. Keselman. "Population Validity and Cross-Validity." Educational and Psychological Measurement 68, no. 2 (June 22, 2007): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164407305589.

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Locke, Edwin A. "Construct validity vs. concept validity." Human Resource Management Review 22, no. 2 (June 2012): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2011.11.008.

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Menold, Natalja, Matthias Bluemke, and Anita M. Hubley. "Validity." Methodology 14, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241/a000159.

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Sweeting, Trevor J., Malay Ghosh, Rahul Mukerjee, and Gauri Sankar Datta. "validity." Annals of Statistics 28, no. 5 (October 2000): 1414–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aos/1015957400.

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Rosen, Chelsie L., Brianna M. Dunn, Christopher D. Walker, Ryan M. Downs, Brian A. Jones, Guy W. Danhoff, Robert T. Davidson, and Jessica Stapleton. "Validity." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 47 (May 2015): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000477071.37233.5b.

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Messick, Samuel. "VALIDITY." ETS Research Report Series 1987, no. 2 (December 1987): i—208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2330-8516.1987.tb00244.x.

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Lippa, S. M., N. J. Pastorek, J. Romesser, J. Linck, A. H. Sim, N. M. Wisdom, and B. I. Miller. "Ecological Validity of Performance Validity Testing." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 29, no. 3 (March 28, 2014): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acu002.

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Muchinsky, Paul M., and Justin M. Raines. "The overgeneralized validity of validity generalization." Journal of Organizational Behavior 34, no. 7 (August 8, 2013): 1057–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.1892.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Validity"

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Morris, David Charles. "Comparing job component validity to observed validity across jobs." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2046.

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Five hundred and eighteen observed validity coefficients based on correlations between commercially available test data and supervisory ratings of overall job performances were collected in 89 different job titles. Using Dictionary of Occupational Title Codes, Job Component Validity (JUV) estimates based on similar job titles residing in the PAQ Service database were collected and averaged across the General Aptitude Test.
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James, Megan. "The validity endeavour." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4162.

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Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Qualitative and quantitative research implies different meta-theoretical approaches to knowledge production. The former maintains a constructivist and interpretative perspective, as opposed to the latter, which exists within a realist and even positivist paradigm. Within the field of research methodology, the dominant conceptualisation of validity is based on a positivist discourse, which suggests that (social) scientific research should strive to attain an ultimate truth. This understanding of validity is difficult to achieve within a research paradigm that values the idiosyncratic world views of the participants under investigation. The introduction of CAQDAS (Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software), however, brought with it the hope that its application would confer upon qualitative research the rigour associated with validity in a mainly positivist interpretation of the research process. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to determine whether CAQDAS can make a significant contribution to efforts aimed at validating qualitative research. The research design employed in the present study is that of a descriptive content analysis, focussing on scientific articles that not only report qualitative studies, but also make explicit reference to the use of CAQDAS, and describe validation techniques applied during the research process. Purposive sampling was applied to select 108 articles, published from 1996 to 2009, that meet the sampling criteria and that were identified through online searches of various bibliographic databases and search engines. The study investigates three predominant research questions concerned with the following: (1) the most commonly used software programmes; (2) trends in CAQDAS use over time; as well as (3) the validation techniques reported in examined scientific articles, distinguishing between techniques that are performed with and without the use of CAQDAS. With regard to the first two research questions, it was found that the three most commonly used software programmes are QSR N programmes (including NUD.IST, NVivo, N4, N5 and N6), followed by Atlas.ti and MAXqda (including the earlier version winMAX), and that there has been a general increase over iv the past 13 years (1996-2009) in the number of qualitative research articles reporting CAQDAS use. The exploration of validation techniques utilised in qualitative research, as reported in the examined scientific articles, demonstrated that the techniques are in most cases performed manually. Although CAQDAS offers many benefits, the predominant validation techniques reported can be, and still are, performed without CAQDAS. Techniques that would have been impossible without CAQDAS are based on the data display features of CAQDAS, as well as on the accuracy and consistency offered by CAQDAS in the execution of certain actions. The findings generated by this study seem to support the hypothesis that CAQDAS per se does not enhance validity, since it is predominantly utilised as merely a research tool.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe navorsing is gegrond op verskillende meta-teoretiese benaderings tot die lewering van inligting. Eersgenoemde handhaaf ‘n konstruktivistiese en interpretatiewe perspektief, teenoor laasgenoemde, wat binne ‘n paradigma bestaan wat gegrond is op realisme en positivisme. Binne die veld van navorsingsmetodologie, is die oorwegende konseptualisering van geldigheid, gebaseer op ‘n positivistiese diskoers, wat voorstel dat (sosiale) wetenskaplike navorsing daarna moet streef om ‘n absolute waarheid te bereik. Hierdie begrip van geldigheid word moeilik verwesenlik binne ‘n navorsingsparadigma wat waarde heg aan die ideosinkratiese wêreldbeskouinge van die navorsingsdeelnemers. CAQDAS (Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software), is bekend gestel met die hoop dat die gebruik daarvan kwalitatiewe navorsing sal verleen met stiptheid wat met geldigheid geassosieer word, oorwegend binne ‘n positivistiese interpretasie van die navorsingsproses. Die oorkoepelende doelwit van hierdie tesis is om vas te stel of CAQDAS enige betekenisvolle bydrae kan maak tot pogings om die geldigheid van kwalitatiewe navorsing te verbeter. Die navorsingsontwerp van die huidige studie is die van ‘n beskrywende inhoudsanalise, wat fokus op wetenskaplike artikels wat nie net berig oor kwalitatiwe studies nie, maar ook verwys na die gebruik van CAQDAS, en die geldigheidstegnieke wat tydens die navorsingsproses toegepas is, bespreek. Doelgerigte steekproeftrekking is toegepas en 108 artikels, wat gepubliseer is vanaf 1996-2009, was geselekteer op grond van die feit dat hulle aan die seleksie kriteria voldoen. Die artikels was geïdentifiseer deur aanlyn soektogte van verskeie bibliografiese databasisse en soekenjins. Die studie ondersoek drie oorwegende navorsingsvrae met betrekking tot die volgende: (1) die sagteware programme wat die meeste gebruik word; (2) neigings in die gebruik van CAQDAS oor verloop van ‘n tydperk; sowel as (3) die geldigheidstegnieke wat in die ondersoekte wetenskaplike artikels vi gerapporteer word, deur onderskeid te tref tussen tegnieke wat met of sonder die gebruik van CAQDAS uitgevoer word. Met verwysing na die eerste twee navorsingsvrae, was dit gevind dat die drie algemeenste sagteware programme wat gebruik is, QSR N programme (insluitend NUD.IST, NVivo, N4, N5 en N6), gevolg deur Atlas.ti en MAXqda (insluitend die vroëere weergawe winMAX) is, en dat daar oor die algemeen ‘n toename is in die getal kwalitatiewe navorsingsartikels oor die afgelope 13 jaar (1996-2009), wat die gebruik van CAQDAS rapporteer. Die ondersoek na geldigheidstegnieke wat in kwalitatiewe navorsing gebruik word, soos berig in die ondersoekte wetenskaplike artikels, het getoon dat die tegnieke in die meeste gevalle sonder die gebruik van CAQDAS uitgevoer is. Ten spyte van die feit dat die gebruik van CAQDAS voordele inhou, word die meerderheid geldigheidstegnieke wat gerapporteeer word, steeds sonder die gebruik van CAQDAS uitgevoer. Tegnieke wat nie sonder die hulp van CAQDAS uitegevoer kon word nie, is gebaseer op die data vertoningsvermoë van CAQDAS, sowel as op die akkuraatheid en konsekwentheid waarmee CAQDAS sekere opdragte uitvoer. Die bevindinge wat gegenereer is deur hierdie studie blyk asof dit die hipotese ondersteun dat CAQDAS nie opsig self die geldigheid versterk nie, aangesien dit oorwegend bloot as ‘n navorsingsinstrument gebruik word.
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Westrick, Paul Andrew. "Validity decay versus validity stability in stem and non-stem fields." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3402.

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The main purpose of this study was to determine if validity coefficients for ACT scores, both composite scores and subject area test scores, and high school grade point average (HSGPA) decayed or held stable over eight semesters of undergraduate study in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields at civilian four-year institutions, and whether the decay patterns differed from those found in non-STEM fields at the same institutions. Data from 62,212 students at 26 four-year institutions were analyzed in a hierarchical meta-analysis in which student major category (SMC), gender, and admission selectivity levels were considered potential moderators. Four sets of analyses were run. The first was by the three SMCs: STEM-Quantitative majors, STEM-Biological majors, and non-STEM majors. The second was SMC by gender. The third was SMC by admission selectivity level. The fourth was SMC by gender by admission selectivity level. The results across all four analyses indicated that ACT score validity coefficients for STEM-Quantitative and STEM-Biological majors decayed less over eight semesters than the validity coefficients for non-STEM majors did. This was true for the uncorrected and corrected validity coefficients. For the HSGPA validity coefficients, this was true for the corrected validity coefficients. Non-STEM majors had very similar validity decay patterns regardless of the level of analysis. However, four of the eight STEM subgroups in the final set of analyses had minimal amounts of decay, and in some instances small amounts of validity growth.
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Thomas, Adrain L. "Accounting for correlated artifacts and true validity in validity generalization procedures : an extension of model 1 for assessing validity generalization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28967.

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Tng, Thiam-huat. "Validity of cephalometric landmarks." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38628399.

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Williams, S. G. "Meaning, validity and necessity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354816.

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湯添發 and Thiam-huat Tng. "Validity of cephalometric landmarks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38628399.

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Kampakoglou, Kyriaki. "Neuromarketing : Validity and Morality." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16794.

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The new way of doing marketing the so -called neuromarketing, which is a combination of neuroscience findings collected for and used in the marketing domain, has raised a lot of support but a lot of critic as well. The research question is focusing on whether the neuromarketing has been an approach of explaining and defining the human behavior, or whether it has transformed to an unethical manipulation of consumers in order to discover the much wanted “buy button” in consumers’ brains. Additionally issues of validity of neuromarketing researches is to be examined as well their purpose of conduction and the use of their findings.
Program: Master in Fashion Management with specialisation in Fashion Marketing and Retailing
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Lu, Yi, and John Potter. "Object validity and effects." Thesis, University of New South Wales, 2008. http://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:1679/SOURCE02?view=true.

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The object-oriented community is paying increasing attention to techniques for object instance encapsulation and alias protection. Formal techniques for modular verification of programs at the level of objects are being developed hand in hand with type systems and static analysis techniques for restricting the structure of runtime object graphs. Ownership type systems have provided a sound basis for such structural restrictions by being able to statically represent an extensible object ownership hierarchy. However, such structural restrictions may potentially have limitations on cases when more flexible reference structures are desired. In this thesis, we present a different encapsulation technique, called Effect Encapsulation, which confines side effects rather than object references. With relaxed restriction on reference structure, it is able to express certain common object-oriented patterns which cannot be expressed in Ownership Types. From this basis, we also describe a model of Object Validity --- a framework for reasoning about object invariants. Such a framework can track the effect and dependency of method calls on object invariants within an ownership-based type system, even in the presence of re-entrant calls. Moreover, we present an access control technique for protecting object instances. Combined with context variance, the resulting type system allows for a more flexible and useful access control policy, hence is capable of expressing more object-oriented patterns.
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Bester, Kyle John. "The external validity of South African substance use contextual risk instrument: predictive validity." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5689.

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Magister Psychologiae - MPsych
The purpose of the present study was to gather further external validity evidence towards the validity argument for an instrument designed to measure individual and contextual factors associated with adolescent substance use in low socio-economic status communities in the Western Cape, South Africa. The South African Substance Use Contextual Risk Instrument (SASUCRI) measures adolescents' subjective experiences of their own psycho-social and their communities' functioning. The present study uses secondary data analysis in order to further evaluate its external validity. Both content and structural evidence for the instrument has been gathered in the larger study in which the present study is located. Validity theory was used as the theoretical framework for the gathering of the different types of evidence in support of the validity argument for this instrument. The study employed non-probability purposive sampling to select schools from three education districts from which twenty-six schools were selected where the sample total was N=1959. English and Afrikaans versions of the instrument were administered to English- and Afrikaans home language, school-going adolescents, aged 12 to 21 years. All ethical standards were maintained throughout the research process. External evidence procedures were conducted using Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) to evaluate the extent to which the instrument could discriminate between substance using and non-using adolescents. The DFA revealed that nine SASUCRI sub-scales totals can act as significant predictors to substance use among adolescents based on the predictive validity of sub-scales.
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Books on the topic "Validity"

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Howard, Wainer, Braun Henry I. 1949-, and Educational Testing Service, eds. Test validity. Hillsdale, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1988.

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1941-, Bickman Leonard, ed. Validity & social experimentation. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 2000.

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Jansen, Paulus Gerardus Wilhelmus, 1954-, ed. Validity generalization revisited. Delft, The Netherlands: Delft University Press, 1986.

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Kulisch, Ulrich. Computer arithmetic and validity. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2013.

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Riezler, Stefan, and Michael Hagmann. Validity, Reliability, and Significance. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02183-1.

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Belbin, Stephen. The validity of sampling. London: Chelsea College of Art and Design, 2002.

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Riezler, Stefan, and Michael Hagmann. Validity, Reliability, and Significance. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57065-0.

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Westerman, Pauline, Jaap Hage, Stephan Kirste, and Anne Ruth Mackor, eds. Legal Validity and Soft Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77522-7.

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Tyler, Forrest B., Deborah Ridley Brome, and Janice E. Williams. Ethnic Validity, Ecology, and Psychotherapy. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0603-8.

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Roussos, Louis A. LSAT item-type validity study. Newtown, PA: Law School Admission Council, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Validity"

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Wanlass, Richard L. "Validity." In The Neuropsychology Toolkit, 111–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1882-5_15.

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Ziegler, Matthias, and Lena Lämmle. "Validity." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 5687–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_1354.

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Kleinbaum, David G., Kevin M. Sullivan, and Nancy D. Barker. "Validity." In ActivEpi Companion Textbook, 175–93. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5428-1_7.

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Levesque, Roger J. R. "Validity." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 3037. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1695-2_622.

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Bellamy, Nicholas. "Validity." In Musculoskeletal Clinical Metrology, 25–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2218-4_4.

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Iacona, Andrea. "Validity." In Logical Form, 85–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74154-3_7.

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Turner, J. Rick. "Validity." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 2301. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_1080.

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Turner, J. Rick, J. Rick Turner, Jonathan Newman, Alexandra Erdmann, Erin Costanzo, Leah Rosenberg, Jonathan Newman, et al. "Validity." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 2025. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1080.

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Nahler, Gerhard. "validity." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 188. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_1441.

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Spelman, William. "Validity." In Criminal Incapacitation, 21–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4885-7_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Validity"

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McKinley, Danette. "Rethinking Validity Evidence: Consequential Validity." In AERA 2024. USA: AERA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/ip.24.2111218.

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Milligan, Sandra, Jiazhen He, James Bailey, Rui Zhang, and Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein. "Validity." In the Sixth International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2883851.2883956.

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Ouchicha, Chaimae, Ouafae Ammor, and Mohammed Meknassi. "Cluster validity index." In the International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3230905.3230917.

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Popescu, Mihail, James M. Keller, James C. Bezdek, and Timothy Havens. "Correlation cluster validity." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - SMC. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2011.6084057.

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Suryanarayanan, P., D. K. Kumar, and P. Burton. "Validity of Polygraphs." In 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2005.1616639.

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Tlili, Mania, and Tarek M. Hamdani. "Big data clustering validity." In 2014 6th International Conference of Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition (SoCPaR). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/socpar.2014.7008031.

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Sapir, Marina, and Mikhail Teverovskiy. "Validity of Probabilistic Rules." In 2007 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Data Mining. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cidm.2007.368845.

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Pacut, A., and W. J. Kolodziej. "Validity of model simplification." In 29th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.1990.203313.

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Kochneva, Elena, and Aleksandar Sukalo. "Energy meter readings validity." In 2017 IEEE 58th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtucon.2017.8124813.

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Francisco Sánchez Díaz, Félix. "Legal validity as membership." In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_sws30_02.

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Reports on the topic "Validity"

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Bo, Hao, and Sebastian Galiani. Assessing External Validity. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26422.

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Andrews, Isaiah, and Emily Oster. Weighting for External Validity. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23826.

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Blaylock, B. G., F. O. Hoffman, and R. H. Gardner. (Validity of environmental transfer models). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6375614.

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Kitagawa, Toru. A Test for Instrument Validity. IFS, August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.cem.2014.3414.

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Galiani, Sebastian, and Brian Quistorff. Assessing External Validity in Practice. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30398.

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Pritchett, Lant. The Evidence About What Works in Education: Graphs to Illustrate External Validity and Construct Validity. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2017/002.

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Rosenzweig, Mark, and Christopher Udry. External Validity in a Stochastic World. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22449.

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Foley, Paul P. Validity Generalization of Navy Selector Composites. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada168363.

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Vickers, Jr, and Ross R. Construct Validity of Physical Fitness Tests. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada625998.

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Trunt, Aaron, Cody Reed, and Lisa MacFadden. Validity of Instrumented Medicine Ball Measurements. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317498.

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