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Arroyo, Ángel, Carlos Cambra, Álvaro Herrero, Verónica Tricio, and Emilio Corchado. "Self-Organizing Maps to Validate Anti-Pollution Policies." Logic Journal of the IGPL 28, no. 4 (December 9, 2019): 596–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/jzz049.
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Abstract This study presents the application of self-organizing maps to air-quality data in order to analyze episodes of high pollution in Madrid (Spain’s capital city). The goal of this work is to explore the dataset and then compare several scenarios with similar atmospheric conditions (periods of high Nitrogen dioxide concentration): some of them when no actions were taken and some when traffic restrictions were imposed. The levels of main pollutants, recorded at these stations for eleven days at four different times from 2015 to 2018, are analyzed in order to determine the effectiveness of the anti-pollution measures. The visualization of trajectories on the self-organizing map let us clearly see the evolution of pollution levels and consequently evaluate the effectiveness of the taken measures, after and during the protocol activation time.
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Hubal, Robert, Laura Bobbitt, Sarah Garfinkle, Suzanne C. Harris, Brandon D. Powell, Madison S. Oxley, Heidi N. Anksorus, and Kevin Y. Chen. "Testing of a Program to Automatically Analyze Students’ Concept Maps." Pharmacy 8, no. 4 (November 7, 2020): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8040209.
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Concept maps are graphical representations of how various concepts relate to one another. Assessment of concept maps developed by students in the pharmacy curriculum helps to evaluate student understanding of course material. However, providing feedback on concept maps can be time-consuming and often requires the grader to be a content expert. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a software program to provide students with feedback on their concept map performance. Student maps for four different disease states were compared against expert concept maps. The analysis of the program compared favorably to a manual assessment of student maps for the maps’ complexity and content but did not correlate for their organization. The value of using a software program to quickly and efficiently analyze concept maps is discussed.
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Zhao, Shuyuan, Jihong Zhao, Hua Qu, and Gongye Ren. "Analysis of User Content Retrieval Delay Based on the Matern Hard-Core Point Process of Type II." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (September 4, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2303289.
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The content retrieval delay is an important performance metric for enhancing user experience in wireless networks. In this paper, by modeling the locations of the base stations (BSs) as the Matern hard-core point process of type II (MHP), we analyze the content retrieval delay for a typical cache-enabled device in wireless networks under the most popular content policy. Since it is intractable to get the size distribution of a Voronoi cell in the MHP model, we propose an approximate formula based on the empirical result in the Poisson point process and derive the cellular load which denotes the number of the user devices connected to a randomly chosen BS. Since the probability generating functional for MHP does not exist, we also propose approximate methods for the coverage probability of the MHP model. At last, we derive the cumulative distribution function of the content retrieval delay. Simulation results validate the accuracy of our analytical conclusions for user content retrieval delay.
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Sullivan, Jennifer, Qiaoke Gong, Terry Hyslop, Harish Lavu, Galina Chipitsyna, Charles J. Yeo, and Hwyda A. Arafat. "Serum Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Pancreatic Cancer." Journal of Oncology 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/518394.
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Background/Aims.Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has etiological association with chronic inflammation. Elevated circulating levels of inflammatory mediators, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), are found in obese individuals. We hypothesized that serum MCP-1 levels are elevated in obese PDA patients.Methods.ELISA was used to analyze MCP-1 serum levels in PDA (n=62) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) (n=27). Recursive partitioning statistical analysis investigated the relationship between log MCP-1 and clinicopathological parameters.Results.Log MCP-1 values were significantly (P<0.05) elevated in patients with BMI ≥ 37.5. In patients with BMI < 37.5, average log MCP-1 values were significantly elevated in PDA patients when compared to IPMN patients. Within the IPMN group, higher log MCP-1 levels correlated with increased age. Recursive partitioning analysis of IPMN versus PDA revealed a strategy of predicting characteristics of patients who are more likely to have cancer. This strategy utilizes log MCP-1 as the primary factor and also utilizes smoking status, gender, and age.Conclusion.MCP-1 is a promising biomarker in pancreatic cancer. The potential of using MCP-1 to distinguish PDA from IPMN patients must be studied in larger populations to validate and demonstrate its eventual clinical utility.
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Imrayed, Otman, Ibrahim Daho, and H. M. Amreiz. "Controlling Nonlinear Behavior in Current Mode Controlled Boost Converter Based on the Monodromy Matrix." Conference Papers in Engineering 2013 (July 10, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/683421.
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Recently it has been observed that power electronic converters working under current mode control exhibit codimensional-2 bifurcations through the interaction of their slow-scale and fast-scale dynamics. In this paper, the authors further probe this phenomenon with the use of the saltation matrix instead of the Poincaré map. Using this method, the authors are able to study and analyze more exotic bifurcation phenomena that occur in cascade current mode controlled boost converter. Finally, we propose two control strategies that guarantee the stable period-one operation. Numerical and analytical results validate our analysis.
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Aoyama, Tadayoshi, Kosuke Sekiyama, Yasuhisa Hasegawa, and Toshio Fukuda. "PDAC-Based 3-D Biped Walking Adapted to Rough Terrain Environment." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 24, no. 1 (February 20, 2012): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2012.p0037.
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This paper deals with the 3-D biped walking of a humanoid type robot over rough terrain. We previously proposed efficient 3-D biped walking control using Passive Dynamic Autonomous Control (PDAC) based on the assumption of point-contact and virtual holonomic constraint of robot joints. Walking adaptability has not, however, been analyzed. We thus analyze the environmental adaptability of PDAC-based walking method in this paper. The robot is modeled as a variable-length 3-D inverted pendulum whose dynamics is modeled as a 2-D autonomous system by applying PDAC. We analyze the stability of the 2-D autonomous system using a Poincaré map and derive the stable range of uneven height over rough terrain. We then experimentally validate 3-D biped walking on unknown rough terrain using our humanoid type robot, Gorilla Robot III.
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Hope, Max, John McCloskey, Dom Hunt, Dominic Crowley, and Mairead NicBhloscaidh. "Innovation Pathways to Adaption for Humanitarian and Development Goals: A Case Study of Aftershock Forecasting for Disaster Risk Management." Journal of Extreme Events 05, no. 02n03 (September 2018): 1850010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345737618500100.
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The innovation process is central to effective adaption to climate change and development challenges, but models from business and management tend to dominate innovation theory, which sits outside the adaption-development paradigm. This paper presents an alternative conceptual framework to visualize innovations as pathways across the adaption-development landscape for humanitarian and development goals. This useful tool can reveal, map and coordinate innovation strategy. To demonstrate and validate this approach, we analyze a case study of innovation in aftershock forecasting for humanitarian decision-making and show that the most effective strategy is for multiple innovation strands and hubs to move concurrently and cumulatively towards transformative humanitarian and development goals.
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Parra Acosta, Haydee, José López Loya, and Norma Pizarro. "Condiciones administrativas que propician el desempeño socioformativo de los médicos internos." IE Revista de Investigación Educativa de la REDIECH 9, no. 17 (October 1, 2018): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33010/ie_rie_rediech.v9i17.131.
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Este artículo expone la investigación realizada para mostrar cómo y en qué medida las acciones administrativas inciden en el desempeño profesional socioformativo de los médicos internos de pregrado (MIP). Se efectuó, con metodología cuantitativa y acercamientos cualitativos, mediante un estudio descriptivo-correlacional. La información se obtuvo mediante un cuestionario (de escala centesimal) previamente validado con un alfa de Cronbach de 0.95. La muestra fue de 144 MIP de la Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas de la UACH, quienes constituyen la primera generación de egresados bajo el nuevo plan de estudios por competencias con enfoque socioformativo. Se procesó y analizó la información con estadística descriptiva e inferencial, con un nivel de significancia de 0.01. Los resultados mostraron tanto limitantes en la administración educativa del currículo, como logros y desarrollo de competencias observables en el desempeño de los MIP. Los valores éticos, promovidos por el enfoque socioformativo, pueden advertirse en la actitud con que los MIP tratan al paciente. Los resultados permiten inferir que instrumentar un plan de estudios no es suficiente; se requiere de una administración educativa para el cambio.
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Wang, Cheng, Yifei Han, and Weidong Wang. "An End-to-End Deep Learning Image Compression Framework Based on Semantic Analysis." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17 (September 1, 2019): 3580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173580.
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Lossy image compression can reduce the bandwidth required for image transmission in a network and the storage space of a device, which is of great value in improving network efficiency. With the rapid development of deep learning theory, neural networks have achieved great success in image processing. In this paper, inspired by the diverse extent of attention in human eyes to each region of the image, we propose an image compression framework based on semantic analysis, which creatively combines the application of deep learning in the field of image classification and image compression. We first use a convolutional neural network (CNN) to semantically analyze the image, obtain the semantic importance map, and propose a compression bit allocation algorithm to allow the recurrent neural network (RNN)-based compression network to hierarchically compress the image according to the semantic importance map. Experimental results validate that the proposed compression framework has better visual quality compared with other methods at the same compression ratio.
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San Lucas, F. Anthony, Scott Kopetz, Paul A. Scheet, and Eduardo Vilar Sanchez. "Discovering new targeted therapies for BRAF mutant-like colorectal cancers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 3623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.3623.
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3623 Background: Approximately 10% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) harbor a BRAF mutation (BRAFm). Patients with BRAFm tumors have poor prognosis and are a therapeutic challenge. A BRAFm gene expression signature has been communicated (Popovici et al, JCO 2012), which can identify BRAFm tumors as well as BRAF wild-type tumors that display a similar expression pattern. Collectively, these tumors are termed BRAFm-like. Our goal was to validate this signature using next-generation sequencing and to discover novel therapies for BRAFm-like CRCs using a systems biology approach. Methods: We developed a semi-automated workflow that integrates publicly available tools named the Cancer In-silico Drug Discovery (CIDD). To validate the BRAFm-like signature, we used CIDD to analyze the CRC dataset from the The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (TCGA). Samples were stratified on BRAFm status using exome-sequencing, and expression profiles were inferred from RNA-sequencing. We matched expression profiles with drug-induced signatures inferred from the Connectivity Map (CMap) – a systems biology tool that contains expression data of cell lines treated with 1,500 compounds. CIDD statistically ranks candidate compounds and annotates them to pathways using public databases. Results: When applied to TCGA RNA-sequencing data, a classifier based on the BRAFm-like signature resulted in 93.3% sensitivity and 83.5% specificity for detecting BRAFm samples. When applied to Agilent gene expression data, this resulted in 80% sensitivity and 91.1% specificity. 41% of KRAS-mutated samples and 14% of double wild-type samples were predicted to be BRAFm-like. 100% of MSI-high and 18% of MSS samples were predicted to be BRAFm-like. Compounds near the top of our drug rankings include Gefitinib and MG-262 a proteasome inhibitor. Conclusions: We have validated the BRAFm-like signature using RNA-sequencing and Agilent expression data from the TCGA, and showed a high degree of robustness across technologies. We have identified EGFR and proteasome inhibitors as potential compounds to target BRAFm-like CRCs.
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Ul Islam, Jamid, Zillur Rahman, and Linda D. Hollebeek. "Personality factors as predictors of online consumer engagement: an empirical investigation." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 35, no. 4 (May 6, 2017): 510–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-10-2016-0193.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the relationship between consumer personality traits and consumer engagement (CE) in the online brand community (OBC) context. This study also examines the effect of CE on consumers’ ensuing purchase intention. Design/methodology/approach Using a survey incorporating the Big Five model of personality, 390 responses were collected from students who were members of at least one Facebook-based OBC. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Findings The results reveal that extraversion represents the strongest driver of CE in OBCs, followed by openness to experience, neuroticism and agreeableness. Conscientiousness was found to be negatively related to CE. The findings also indicate a positive association between CE and purchase intention. Practical implications This paper highlights the ways in which marketers can capitalize on consumer personality traits and develop corresponding strategies that will not only increase CE in OBCs, but also consumers’ ensuing purchase intent for specific offerings. Originality/value This research is among the first to demonstrate and empirically validate insight into the ways in which consumer personality traits drive CE in OBCs. This study, thus, adds to the rapidly developing research stream on CE by exposing and empirically validating an integrated set of influential consumer personality-based antecedents of CE, and examining key ensuing outcomes of CE.
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Huynh, Van Ngoc Son, Ha Quang Thinh Ngo, Thanh Phuong Nguyen, and Hung Nguyen. "High Performance of an Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller under Varying Loads for Lifting-Type Autonomous Grounded Robot." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 24, 2020): 5858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175858.
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To work in shared space with humans, autonomous systems must carry unknown loads in predefined missions. With the conventional control scheme, the grounded robot would suffer unstable motion and imprecise tracking performance. To overcome these challenges, in this paper, a novel controller using an adaptive sliding mode for autonomous grounded robots (AGR) is proposed. This control strategy takes into consideration uncertain characteristics, varying loads, and external disturbances. To analyze the tracking performance precisely, the overall error of motion system is decoupled into two subsystems where the second-order system is related to the angular tracking error and the third-order system is associated with the linear one. Initially, the dynamics model of the grounded robot is established containing different elements of nonlinear forces in order to address the technical problems. Then, the system state equation of the autonomous system is mentioned to indicate the theoretical characteristics. Based on the proposed controller, the stability of the system is validated by the Lyapunov theorem. From the results of numerical tests, three practical situations consisting of separately linear and circular trajectories with varying loads and an S-curve trajectory of a working map are suggested. The tracking performance validates that the proposed control scheme is, in various scenarios, robust, effective, and feasible. From these superior outcomes, it can be determined obviously the property of our works in accommodating the variations of cargo from applications in distribution centers, material transportation, or handling equipment.
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Abdelmassih, Gorg, Mohammed Al-Numay, and Abdelali El Aroudi. "Map Optimization Fuzzy Logic Framework in Wind Turbine Site Selection with Application to the USA Wind Farms." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 6127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196127.
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In this study, we analyze observational and predicted wind energy datasets of the lower 48 states of the United States, and we intend to predict an optimal map for new turbines placement. Several approaches have been implemented to investigate the correlation between current wind power stations, power capacity, wind seasonality, and site selection. The correlation between stations is carried out according to Pearson correlation coefficient approach joined with the spherical law of cosines to calculate the distances. The high correlation values between the stations spaced within a distance of 100 km show that installing more turbines close to the current farms would assist the electrical grid. The total power capacity indicates that the current wind turbines are utilizing approximately 70% of the wind resources available in the turbine’s sites. The Power spectrum of Fourier’s spectral density indicates main, secondary, and harmonic frequencies correspond to yearly, semiyearly, and daily wind-speed periodic patterns. We propose and validate a numerical approach based on a novel fuzzy logic framework for wind turbines placement. Map optimizations are fitted considering different parameters presented in wind speed, land use, price, and elevation. Map optimization results show that suitable sites for turbines placement are in general agreement with the direction of the correlation approach.
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Cunningham, Daniel, Paul Cunningham, and Matthew E. Fagan. "Identifying Biases in Global Tree Cover Products: A Case Study in Costa Rica." Forests 10, no. 10 (September 30, 2019): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100853.
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Global tree cover products are widely used in analyses of deforestation, fragmentation, and connectivity, but are rarely critically assessed. Inaccuracies in these products could have consequences for future decision making, especially in data-poor regions like the tropics. In this study, potential biases in global and regional tree cover products were assessed across a diverse tropical country, Costa Rica. Two global tree cover products and one regional national forest cover map were evaluated along biophysical gradients in elevation, precipitation, and agricultural land cover. To quantify product accuracy and bias, freely available high-resolution imagery was used to validate tree and land cover across these gradients. Although the regional forest cover map was comparable in accuracy to a widely-used global forest map (the Global Forest Change of Hansen et al., also known as the GFC), another global forest map (derived from a cropland dataset) had the highest accuracy. Both global and regional forest cover products showed small to severe biases along biophysical gradients. Unlike the regional map, the global GFC map strongly underestimated tree cover (>10% difference) below 189 mm of precipitation and at elevations above 2000 m, with a larger bias for precipitation. All map products misclassified agricultural fields as forest, but the GFC product particularly misclassified row crops and perennial erect crops (banana, oil palm, and coffee), with maximum tree cover in agricultural fields of 89%–100% across all crops. Our analysis calls into further question the utility of the GFC product for global forest monitoring outside humid regions, indicating that, in tropical regions, the GFC product is most accurate in areas with high, aseasonal rainfall, low relief, and low cropland area. Given that forest product errors are spatially distributed along biophysical gradients, researchers should account for these spatial biases when attempting to analyze or generate forest map products.
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Selung, Rosalia, Indah Wasliah, and Eka Adithya Pratiwi. "The Effect Of Phototherapy (24 Hours) Towards Jaundice Degrees Of The Newborn In Hospital NICU West Nusa Tenggara Province." Media Keperawatan Indonesia 1, no. 2 (June 18, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/mki.1.2.2018.11-19.
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Background: Aximately 60% of normal birth infant become jaundiced in the first week of birth. The incidence of jaundice in the West Nusa Tenggara hospital in 3 years later (2012-2014) there were 1166 cases. Phototherapy of total serum bilirubin (TSB) increased. Clinical trials have validated the efficacy phototherapy in reducing excessive unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, and its implementation has been drastically confine the use of exchange transfusion (Bhutani, 2011). Objective:The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of jaundice before and after phototherapy, as well as analyze the influence phototherapy before and after the degree of jaundice in the newborn. Method:This type of research is pre-experimental research design using the approach one group pre-test and post-test design. The study population was all jaundice infants who were treated at Hospital NICU room in West Nusa Tenggara Provence in May 2016. The sample was 15 respondents with acsidental sampling techniques. The method of data analysis with descriptive percentage univariate and bivariate analysis with test of rank correlation test (spearman) obtained significance value p = 0.000 < 0.05 and spearman correlation coefficients obtained by value p = 0.025 which means there is a strong correlation between the influence of phototherapy (24 hours) the degree of jaundice in the newborn. Result: The results were obtained degree of jaundice before phototherapy is as many as 9 degree 4 respondents (60%) and as many as 6 degrees five respondents (40%). After 24 hours phototherapy all respondents decreased the degree of jaundice and most have some degreen of jaundice 3 of 10 respondents (66,7%) by 5 respondents (33,3%). Discussion:Recommendations can be given is a gift phototherapy to decrease the degree of jaundice.
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Nguyen, Thi, and Cheng-Chien Liu. "A New Approach Using AHP to Generate Landslide Susceptibility Maps in the Chen-Yu-Lan Watershed, Taiwan." Sensors 19, no. 3 (January 26, 2019): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030505.
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This paper proposes a new approach of using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), in which the AHP was combined with bivariate analysis and correlation statistics to evaluate the importance of the pairwise comparison. Instead of summarizing expert experience statistics to establish a scale, we then analyze the correlation between the properties of the related factors with the actual landslide data in the study area. In addition, correlation and dependence statistics are also used to analyze correlation coefficients of preparatory factors. The product of this research is a landslide susceptibility map (LSM) generated by five factors (slope, aspect, drainage density, lithology, and land-use) and pre-event landslides (Typhoon Kalmaegi events), and then validated by post-event landslides and new landslides occurring in during the events (Typhoon Kalmaegi and Typhoon Morakot). Validating the results by the binary classification method showed that the model has reasonable accuracy, such as 81.22% accurate interpretation for post-event landslides (Typhoon Kalmaegi), and 70.71% exact predictions for new landslides occurring during Typhoon Kalmaegi.
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Luttikholt, Saskia, Karianne Lievaart-Peterson, Maaike Gonggrijp, Marian Aalberts, Gerdien van Schaik, and Piet Vellema. "Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ELISA Responses in Milk Samples from Vaccinated and Nonvaccinated Dairy Goat Herds in The Netherlands." Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 2 (June 22, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6020058.
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The aims of our study were to calculate the most appropriate cut-off value for milk samples in a serum-validated Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) ELISA and to analyze MAP ELISA responses in milk samples from vaccinated and nonvaccinated dairy goats in the Netherlands. Analyzed herds were representative for location and herd size of dairy goat herds in the Netherlands. A significantly higher proportion of the analyzed 49 herds were organic as compared with the total Dutch dairy goat population. First, the MAP ELISA was optimized using 992 paired serum and milk samples. At a cut-off of 25 S/P%, the relative sensitivity (Se) was 58.4% (n = 992, 95% CI: 48.8%−67.6%) and relative specificity (Sp) was 98.5% (n = 992, 95% CI: 97.5%−99.2%), as compared to serum ELISA results. The percentage of positively tested herds was 78.2% (n = 49, 95% CI: 63.4%−88.1%). The percentage of positive milk samples per herd (n = 22) was on average 4.6% (median, min, and max of 4.7%, 0.0%, and 10.7%, respectively). Average age of ELISA-positive (3.2 years) and -negative goats (3.2 years) was not different. Significantly more vaccinated goats tested positive (6.7%) as compared with nonvaccinated goats (1.1%). This study shows that a high number of vaccinated and nonvaccinated commercial dairy goat herds in the Netherlands have MAP-ELISA-positive goats.
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Ming, Neo Gao, and Zahra Sharif Khodaei. "Guided Wave Based Damage Detection in a Composite Plate with an Opening." Key Engineering Materials 774 (August 2018): 638–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.774.638.
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This work reports on damage detection in a composite plate with an opening. A composite plate with an opening is manufactured and sensorized to investigate the effect of the opening on the wave propagation as well as the reliability of the delay and sum damage detection method in the presence of the opening. The plate was then impacted with a drop mass to cause barely visible impact damage and sensor data are gathered to analyze the diagnosis. The results show that if all the sensors around the opening is used, even though damage can be detected, it cannot be localized accurately. Further investigation shows that by localizing the sensor network to the one close to the damage area (multi-level detection), damage can be both detected and localized reliably. The results of the detection are also compared with the maximum coverage area map to validate the optimal sensor selection strategy.
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Battaglia, Piero A., Santina Zito, Antonella Macchini, and Franca Gigliani. "A Drosophila model of HIV-Tat-related pathogenicity." Journal of Cell Science 114, no. 15 (August 1, 2001): 2787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.114.15.2787.
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To analyze the mechanism of Tat-mediated HIV pathogenicity, we produced a Drosophila melanogaster strain transgenic for HIV-tat gene and induced the expression of the protein during Drosophila development. By in vitro and in vivo experiments, we demonstrated that Tat specifically binds to tubulin via the MAP-binding domain of tubulin, and that this interaction delays the polymerization of tubulin and induces a premature stop to microtubule-dependent cytoplasmic streaming. The delay in the polymerization of microtubules, the tracks for the transport of the axes determinants, alters the positioning of the dorso-ventral axis as shown by the mislocalization of Gurken and Kinesin in oocyte of Drosophila after Tat induction. These results validate the use of Drosophila as a tool to study the molecular mechanism of viral gene products and suggest that Tat-tubulin interaction is responsible for neurodegenerative diseases associated with AIDS.
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Cardiel Ortega, José Jovani, Roberto Baeza Serrato, and Rocío Alfonsina Lizárraga Morales. "Development of a system dynamics model based on Six Sigma methodology." Ingeniería e Investigación 37, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v37n1.62270.
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A dynamic model to analyze the complexity associated with the manufacturing systems and to improve the performance of the process through the Six Sigma philosophy is proposed. The research focuses on the implementation of the system dynamics tool to comply with each of the phases of the DMAIC methodology. In the first phase, define, the problem is articulated, collecting data, selecting the variables, and representing them in a mental map that helps build the dynamic hypothesis. In the second phase, measure, model is formulated, equations are developed, and Forrester diagram is developed to carry out the simulation. In the third phase, analyze, the simulation results are studied. For the fourth phase, improving, the model is validated through a sensitivity analysis. Finally, in control phase, operation policies are proposed. This paper presents the development of a dynamic model of the system of knitted textile production knitted developed; the implementation was done in a textile company in southern Guanajuato. The results show an improvement in the process performance by increasing the level of sigma allowing the validation of the proposed approach.
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Latorre-Sánchez, C., F. Camacho, C. Mattar, A. Santamaría-Artigas, N. Leiva-Büchi, and R. Lacaze. "LAI, FAPAR and FCOVER ground-truth map creation from FASat-C satellite imagery and in-situ measurements in Chimbarongo, Chile, for satellite products validation." Revista de Teledetección, no. 47 (December 27, 2016): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/raet.2016.5691.
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<p align="justify">In remote sensing, validation exercises are essential to ensure the quality of the products originated from satellite Earth observations. To assess the measurement uncertainty derived from satellite products, several ground field data from different ecosystems must be available for use. In the same order of importance, it is necessary to define data sampling and up-scaling methodologies to allow a suitable comparison between the ground data and the pixel size of the product. This paper shows the applied methodology used in the FP7 ImagineS project (Implementing Multi-scale Agricultural Indicators Exploiting Sentinels) to validate 10-days global LAI, FAPAR and vegetation cover products at 1km spatial resolution using in-situ data. These global products are derived from PROBA-V observations in the Copernicus Global Land Service. In particular, this case study shows the results of the field-campaign carried out in January of 2015 in the agricultural area of Chimbarongo, Chile. The methodology to scale the ground data and to create ground-based maps using FASat-C Chilean satellite imagery with a 5,8 m spatial resolution using multivariate least squares regression is shown. Finally, the same methodology was used with a 30 m spatial resolution Landsat-8 image to analyze the effect of the field-data input on the ground-truth maps used to validate the results. Our results show the reliability on the presented methodology and the consistency of the method with regard to the input data. Better results and lower RMSE errors were obtained using FASat-C data. The comparison with satellite products at 1 km shows a good agreement with Copernicus Global Land products derived from PROBA-V observations, and systematic negative bias for the MODIS products.</p>
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Stoddart, David. "Darwin and the Seeing Eye: Iconography and Meaning in The Beagle Years." Earth Sciences History 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.14.1.e100lg2608178055.
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Strongly influenced by Lyell's Principles of Geology, Darwin during the Beagle voyage developed a highly theoretical geology based on premises of continental uplift and oceanic subsidence. From the beginning he used his theoretical interpretations to validate and select his field observations. These he interpreted and communicated largely in the form of profile diagrams, of South American shorelines, Andean tectonic structures, and coral reef development. His published works from the voyage are very sparsely illustrated, except for profile diagrams, and contain remarkably few maps. Of the latter all are derivative except one. The one exception is his 1842 map of the distribution of coral reefs, which he uses as a theoretical argument to delineate areas of elevation and subsidence in the oceans, implicitly illustrating the formal logical analogy between the nature of theory and the nature of maps. The illustrations in general illustrate the contrast between Darwin's verbal facility in describing landscapes and evoking mood, and his general inability to translate his images into visual representations.
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Zhu, Guohun, Liping Li, Yuebin Zheng, Xiaowei Zhang, and Hui Zou. "Forecasting Influenza Based on Autoregressive Moving Average and Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing Models." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 25, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2021.p0138.
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Influenza outbreaks can be effectively prevented if further outbreaks are predicted as early as possible. This article proposes an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and a Holt-Winters exponential smoothing (HWES) model to analyze tweet data for predicting influenza outbreaks and to visualize the number of flu-infection-related tweets with heat maps. First, textual influenza data for Australia from June 2015 to June 2017 are collected through the Twitter Application Programming Interface (API). Next, the ARIMA and HWES models are applied to predict the difference between the flu tweets and confirmations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Finally, a visualized heat map based on influenza topics validates the modeling analysis in two different time zones. The results show that the average relative error of the ARIMA (HWES) model is 7.25% (11.29%) for the one-week flu forecast.
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Regardt, Malin, Pari Basharat, Lisa Christopher-Stine, Catherine Sarver, Anita Björn, Ingrid E. Lundberg, Yeong Wook Song, Clifton O. Bingham, and Helene Alexanderson. "Patients’ Experience of Myositis and Further Validation of a Myositis-specific Patient Reported Outcome Measure — Establishing Core Domains and Expanding Patient Input on Clinical Assessment in Myositis. Report from OMERACT 12." Journal of Rheumatology 42, no. 12 (May 1, 2015): 2492–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.141243.
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Objective.The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) myositis working group was established to examine patient-reported outcomes (PRO) as well as to validate patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) in myositis.Methods.Qualitative studies using focus group interviews and cognitive debriefing of the myositis-specific Myositis Activities Profile (MAP) were used to explore the experience of adults living with polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM).Results.Preliminary results underscore the importance of patient input in the development of PROM to ensure content validity. Results from multicenter focus groups indicate the range of symptoms experienced including pain, fatigue, and impaired cognitive function, which are not currently assessed in myositis. Preliminary cognitive debriefing of the MAP indicated that while content was deemed relevant and important, several activities were not included; and that questionnaire construction and wording may benefit from revision. A research agenda was developed to continue work toward optimizing PRO assessment in myositis with 2 work streams. The first would continue to conduct and analyze focus groups until saturation in the thematic analysis was achieved to develop a framework that encompassed the patient-relevant aspects of myositis. The second would continue cognitive debriefing of the MAP to identify potential areas for revision. There was agreement that further work would be needed for inclusion body myositis and juvenile dermatomyositis, and that the inclusion of additional contributors such as caregivers and individuals from the pharmaceutical/regulatory spheres would be desirable.Conclusions.The currently used PROM do not assess symptoms or the effects of disease that are most important to patients; this emphasizes the necessity of patient involvement. Our work provides concrete examples for PRO identification.
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Luo, She Zhou, and Cheng Wang. "Forest Pests and Diseases Forecasting Based on GIS." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 2945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2945.
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Geographic Information System (GIS) has been widely applied to the field of pest management, which provides the new ways and methods for integrated pest research, prevention and control. The main purpose of this study is to forecast and manage forest pests and diseases. For this purpose, I developed the forest pests diseases forecast system, by using ArcObjects (AO) and Visual Basic as the secondary development platform. The system is able to synthetically analyze and judge relevant data, such as weather forecast and tree species, according to the occurrence laws of the forest pests and diseases and the characteristics of biology. The system uses Markov chain and other methods to forecast the occurrence period, amount, scope and the degree of harm of pests and diseases. To validate the reliability of Markov chain model, the pests and diseases data of Liu'an City of Anhui Province, in China from 1975 to 2001, to be applied. The results show that the method used is reliable. The occurrence area and location of forest pests and diseases can be labelled and displayed on the electronic map with three-dimension.
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Zhou, Hang, Keju Peng, Dongxiang Zhou, Weihong Fan, and Yunhui Liu. "Uncertainty Analysis of 3D Line Reconstruction in a New Minimal Spatial Line Representation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 6, 2020): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031096.
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Line segments are common in urban scenes and contain rich structural information. However, different from point-based reconstruction, reconstructed 3D lines may have large displacement from the ground truth in spite of a very small sum of reprojection error. In this work, we present a method to analyze the uncertainty of line reconstruction and provide a quantitative evaluation of accuracy. A new minimal four-vector line representation based on Plücker line is introduced, which is tailed for uncertainty analysis of line reconstruction. Each component of the compact representation has a certain physical meaning about the 3D line’s orientation or position. The reliability of the reconstructed lines can be measured by the confidence interval of each component in the proposed representation. Based on the uncertainty analysis of two-view line triangulation, the uncertainty of multi-view line reconstruction is also derived. Combining the proposed uncertainty analysis with reprojection error, a more reliable 3D line map can be obtained. Experiments on simulation data, synthetic and real-world image sequences validate the feasibility of the proposed method.
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Liu, Yang, Jiawei Fan, and Qinglin Cheng. "Mathematical modeling of large floating roof reservoir temperature arena." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2018-0010.
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Abstract The current study is a simplification of related components of large floating roof tank and modeling for three dimensional temperature field of large floating roof tank. The heat transfer involves its transfer between the hot fluid in the oil tank, between the hot fluid and the tank wall and between the tank wall and the external environment. The mathematical model of heat transfer and flow of oil in the tank simulates the temperature field of oil in tank. Oil temperature field of large floating roof tank is obtained by numerical simulation, map the curve of central temperature dynamics with time and analyze axial and radial temperature of storage tank. It determines the distribution of low temperature storage tank location based on the thickness of the reservoir temperature. Finally, it compared the calculated results and the field test data; eventually validated the calculated results based on the experimental results.
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Tahir, Muhammad, and Muhammad Sardaraz. "A Fast and Scalable Workflow for SNPs Detection in Genome Sequences Using Hadoop Map-Reduce." Genes 11, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11020166.
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Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies produce a huge amount of biological data, which poses various issues such as requirements of high processing time and large memory. This research focuses on the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in genome sequences. Currently, SNPs detection algorithms face several issues, e.g., computational overhead cost, accuracy, and memory requirements. In this research, we propose a fast and scalable workflow that integrates Bowtie aligner with Hadoop based Heap SNP caller to improve the SNPs detection in genome sequences. The proposed workflow is validated through benchmark datasets obtained from publicly available web-portals, e.g., NCBI and DDBJ DRA. Extensive experiments have been performed and the results obtained are compared with Bowtie and BWA aligner in the alignment phase, while compared with GATK, FaSD, SparkGA, Halvade, and Heap in SNP calling phase. Experimental results analysis shows that the proposed workflow outperforms existing frameworks e.g., GATK, FaSD, Heap integrated with BWA and Bowtie aligners, SparkGA, and Halvade. The proposed framework achieved 22.46% more efficient F-score and 99.80% consistent accuracy on average. More, comparatively 0.21% mean higher accuracy is achieved. Moreover, SNP mining has also been performed to identify specific regions in genome sequences. All the frameworks are implemented with the default configuration of memory management. The observations show that all workflows have approximately same memory requirement. In the future, it is intended to graphically show the mined SNPs for user-friendly interaction, analyze and optimize the memory requirements as well.
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Wang, Guochao, Shenzhou Zheng, and Jun Wang. "Nonlinear Complexity and Chaotic Behaviors on Finite-Range Stochastic Epidemic Financial Dynamics." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 29, no. 06 (June 15, 2019): 1950083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127419500834.
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In this paper, a novel stochastic financial price model, based on the theory of finite-range stochastic interacting epidemic system, is proposed to reproduce the nonlinear dynamic mechanism of price fluctuations in financial markets. To better understand the complexity behavior of the proposed model, we develop a new entropy-based approach called index fluctuation fuzzy entropy (IFFE) and construct four measure criteria. The effectiveness of this approach is experimentally validated by logistic map time series, white noise time series, [Formula: see text] noise time series and six financial time series. Moreover, the largest Lyapunov exponents and Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy method are applied to analyze the chaotic property of the proposed model. To verify the rationality of the proposed model, the same analyses for the real market data are comparatively investigated with the simulation ones. The empirical results reveal that the novel financial price model is able to reproduce some important features of the financial markets.
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Schmeltz, Margaux, Laurianne Robinet, Sylvie Heu-Thao, Jean-Marc Sintès, Claire Teulon, Guillaume Ducourthial, Pierre Mahou, Marie-Claire Schanne-Klein, and Gaël Latour. "Noninvasive quantitative assessment of collagen degradation in parchments by polarization-resolved SHG microscopy." Science Advances 7, no. 29 (July 2021): eabg1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg1090.
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Nondestructive and noninvasive investigation techniques are highly sought-after to establish the degradation state of historical parchments, which is up to now assessed by thermal techniques that are invasive and destructive. We show that advanced nonlinear optical (NLO) microscopy enables quantitative in situ mapping of parchment degradation at the micrometer scale. We introduce two parameters that are sensitive to different degradation stages: the ratio of two-photon excited fluorescence to second harmonic generation (SHG) signals probes severe degradation, while the anisotropy parameter extracted from polarization-resolved SHG measurements is sensitive to early degradation. This approach is first validated by comparing NLO quantitative parameters to thermal measurements on artificially altered contemporary parchments. We then analyze invaluable parchments from the Middle Ages and show that we can map their conservation state and assess the impact of a restoration process. NLO quantitative microscopy should therefore help to identify parchments most at risk and optimize restoration methods.
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Mora-Granados, Marco, David González-Gómez, Jin Su Jeong, and Alejandrina Gallego-Picó. "A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Selective Extraction of Phenolic Acids from Human Urine." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041577.
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Studies for monitoring the bioavailability of dietary flavonoid compounds generate great interest. Among them, low-molecular-weight phenolic acids, secondary metabolites present in colonic catabolism and urinary excretion, have been proposed as biomarkers of polyphenol intake. Using 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid as a template, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized for selective extraction of these hydroxylated metabolites from human urine samples and posterior analysis in an HPLC-DAD-MS system. Polymers were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and binding experiments. MIP presents specific recognition ability for template and analogues molecules. This capacity of recognition and the pH dependence of the binding strength was also studied. The method was validated over a concentration range of 0.25–40 mg/L, r2 > 0.995. In the optimized conditions, the recovery value was 94% with RSD 1.2%. The Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) were 1.22 and 3.69 mg/L, respectively. In our knowledge, it is the first time that this methodology is applied to analyze urinary catabolites of the polyphenol compound and to provide a specific method and simple analysis alternative. The selective extraction of these metabolites improves the application and results obtained by other less sensitive analysis methods than the validation method. It also facilitates the development of new screening methods.
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Park, Soyoung, and Jinsoo Kim. "Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Based on Random Forest and Boosted Regression Tree Models, and a Comparison of Their Performance." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (March 6, 2019): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9050942.
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This study aims to analyze and compare landslide susceptibility at Woomyeon Mountain, South Korea, based on the random forest (RF) model and the boosted regression tree (BRT) model. Through the construction of a landslide inventory map, 140 landslide locations were found. Among these, 42 (30%) were reserved to validate the model after 98 (70%) had been selected at random for model training. Fourteen landslide explanatory variables related to topography, hydrology, and forestry factors were considered and selected, based on the results of information gain for the modeling. The results were evaluated and compared using the receiver operating characteristic curve and statistical indices. The analysis showed that the RF model was better than the BRT model. The RF model yielded higher specificity, overall accuracy, and kappa index than the BRT model. In addition, the RF model, with a prediction rate of 0.865, performed slightly better than the BRT model, which had a prediction rate of 0.851. These results indicate that the landslide susceptibility maps (LSMs) produced in this study had good performance for predicting the spatial landslide distribution in the study area. These LSMs could be helpful for establishing mitigation strategies and for land use planning.
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Lee, Sunmin, Yunjung Hyun, and Moung-Jin Lee. "Groundwater Potential Mapping Using Data Mining Models of Big Data Analysis in Goyang-si, South Korea." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061678.
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Recently, data mining analysis techniques have been developed, as large spatial datasets have accumulated in various fields. Such a data-driven analysis is necessary in areas of high uncertainty and complexity, such as estimating groundwater potential. Therefore, in this study, data mining of various spatial datasets, including those based on remote sensing data, was applied to estimate groundwater potential. For the sustainable development of groundwater resources, a plan for the systematic management of groundwater resources should be established based on a quantitative understanding of the development potential. The purpose of this study was to map and analyze the groundwater potential of Goyang-si in Gyeonggi-do province, South Korea and to evaluate the sensitivity of each factor by applying data mining models for big data analysis. A total of 876 surveyed groundwater pumping capacity data were used, 50% of which were randomly classified into training and test datasets to analyze groundwater potential. A total of 13 factors extracted from satellite-based topographical, land cover, soil, forest, geological, hydrogeological, and survey-based precipitation data were used. The frequency ratio (FR) and boosted classification tree (BCT) models were used to analyze the relationships between the groundwater pumping capacity and related factors. Groundwater potential maps were constructed and validated with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, with accuracy rates of 68.31% and 69.39% for the FR and BCT models, respectively. A sensitivity analysis for both models was performed to assess the influence of each factor. The results of this study are expected to be useful for establishing an effective groundwater management plan in the future.
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Bühler, Yves, Elisabeth D. Hafner, Benjamin Zweifel, Mathias Zesiger, and Holger Heisig. "Where are the avalanches? Rapid SPOT6 satellite data acquisition to map an extreme avalanche period over the Swiss Alps." Cryosphere 13, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): 3225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3225-2019.
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Abstract. Accurate and timely information on avalanche occurrence is key for avalanche warning, crisis management and avalanche documentation. Today such information is mainly available at isolated locations provided by observers in the field. The achieved reliability, considering accuracy, completeness and reliability of the reported avalanche events, is limited. In this study we present the spatially continuous mapping of a large avalanche period in January 2018 covering the majority of the Swiss Alps (12 500 km2). We tested different satellite sensors available for rapid mapping during the first avalanche period. Based on these experiences, we tasked SPOT6 and SPOT7 for data acquisition to cover the second, much larger avalanche period. We manually mapped the outlines of 18 737 individual avalanche events, applying image enhancement techniques to analyze regions in the shade as well as in brightly illuminated ones. The resulting dataset of mapped avalanche outlines, having unique completeness and reliability, is evaluated to produce maps of avalanche occurrence and avalanche size. We validated the mapping of the avalanche outlines using photographs acquired from helicopters just after the avalanche period. This study demonstrates the applicability of optical, very high spatial resolution satellite data to map an exceptional avalanche period with very high completeness, accuracy and reliability over a large region. The generated avalanche data are of great value in validating avalanche bulletins, in completing existing avalanche databases and for research applications by enabling meaningful statistics on important avalanche parameters.
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Turunen, Tuukka, Tino Pyssysalo, and Juha Röning. "Mobile AR Requirements for Location Based Social Networks." International Journal of Virtual Reality 9, no. 4 (January 1, 2010): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2010.9.4.2792.
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Utilizing the novel User Interface (UI) technology of Augmented Reality (AR) in mobile phones provides significant advantages for Location Based Social Networks (LBSN) via powerful UI that allows the user to see the world through AR view rather than via a traditional map view. Compared to use of a map based interface, it is much easier for the user to understand where the nearby friends and points of interests are located when using a mobile AR interface to access the information of LBSN services. Recent development in the commercially available high end mobile phones has made it a viable device to use globally available AR services, but there still exist some limitations when it comes to LBSN services. Especially demanding is the need to include constantly moving friends reliably and accurately as annotated objects into the AR view of a user. In this article we show for the first time that mobile phones can be utilized to create mobile AR based LBSN services and create an experimental system to validate this. We present the most important use cases of the mobile AR based LBSN services, define the key requirements for the system, and analyze how the current high end mobile phones meet these. We point out the main challenges in position and orientation accuracy, data transfer and power consumption, as well as solutions to improve these. We present results from end-user studies and our experimental system we have created to study mobile AR interface for the LBSN services, and conclude that the mobile phones can be used for creation of these services when the key challenges are resolved
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Qiu, Shiguang, Yunfei Yang, Xiumin Fan, and Qichang He. "Human factors automatic evaluation for entire maintenance processes in virtual environment." Assembly Automation 34, no. 4 (September 9, 2014): 357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-04-2014-028.
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Purpose – The paper aims to propose a systematic approach for human factors (HFs) automatic evaluation for entire maintenance processes in virtual environment. Design/methodology/approach – First, a maintenance process information model is constructed to map real maintenance processes into computer environment. Next, based on this information model, the automatic evaluation methods for visibility, operation comfort and reachability are presented. All evaluation results are weighted and added up to establish a comprehensive HFs evaluation model. Then, the methods mentioned above are realized as an HFs evaluation module, which is integrated into virtual maintenance simulation platform, software developed by our lab. Findings – An application in HFs evaluation of repairing hydraulic motor on container spreader is implemented, and an on-site survey is carried out. The comparison between the result from the survey and the result we get using the presented methods shows that our solution can support HFs fast assessment accurately and effectively. Practical implications – Through evaluating maintenance operation processes, engineers can better analyze and validate the maintainability design of complex equipment, and some potential ergonomic issues can be found and dealt earlier. Originality/value – The paper contributes to present a systematic approach to achieve HFs fast and accurate evaluation for entire maintenance processes, rather than for a few maintenance postures.
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Patel, Utkarshkumar A., and Bhoomi S. Naik. "Nonlinear vibration prediction of cylindrical roller bearing rotor system modeling for localized defect at inner race with finite element approach." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 231, no. 4 (December 13, 2016): 647–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419316680892.
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In this paper, an analytical model is proposed to study the behavior of defective bearing and rotor system. An overhung rotor system and defective roller bearing are considered for the study. Rotor is considered with unbalanced mass and bearing is taken as the cylindrical roller bearing having localized surface defect. To analyze all the system components’ effect at one node, finite element method is used to predict exact system vibrations. Euler–Bernoulli’s beam element is used to discretize the shaft. Gyroscopic effect of overhung rotor is also taken into account and governing equations of motion have been modified according to our system. Hertz contact stress theory is used for every roller–race contact to calculate the overall nonlinear bearing force. Governing differential equation is solved by Newmark-β time integration method. Nonlinear matrix equation, which is generated at each time-step in Newmark’s method, is solved by Broyden’s method. Results for defective bearing are obtained and plotted in the time and frequency domain. Poincare map has been plotted to view the system’s minimum stability time. An experiment has been carried out to validate the proposed analysis work. In this paper, it has been shown how rotor dynamic analysis can be achieved numerically with minimum calculations.
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Rodríguez Colmeiro, Ramiro Germán, Claudio Verrastro, Daniel Minsky, and Thomas Grosges. "Towards a Whole Body [18F] FDG Positron Emission Tomography Attenuation Correction Map Synthesizing using Deep Neural Networks." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 21, no. 1 (April 17, 2021): e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/16666038.21.e4.
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The correction of attenuation effects in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging is fundamental to obtain a correct radiotracer distribution. However direct measurement of this attenuation map is not error-free and normally results in additional ionization radiation dose to the patient. Here, we explore the task of whole body attenuation map generation using 3D deep neural networks. We analyze the advantages thar an adversarial network training cand provide to such models. The networks are trained to learn the mapping from non attenuation corrected [18 ^F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET images to a synthetic Computerized Tomography (sCT) and also to label the input voxel tissue. Then the sCT image is further refined using an adversarial training scheme to recover higher frequency details and lost structures using context information. This work is trained and tested on public available datasets, containing several PET images from different scanners with different radiotracer administration and reconstruction modalities. The network is trained with 108 samples and validated on 10 samples. The sCT generation was tested on 133 samples from 8 distinct datasets. The resulting mean absolute error of the networks is 90±20 and 103±18HU and a peak signal to noise ratio of 19.3±1.7 dB and 18.6±1.5, for the base model and the adversarial model respectively. The attenuation correction is tested by means of attenuation sinograms, obtaining a line of response attenuation mean error lower than 1% with a standard deviation lower than 8%. The proposeddeep learning topologies are capable of generating whole body attenuation maps from uncorrected PET image data. Moreover, the accuracy of both methods holds in the presence of data from multiple sources and modalities and are trained on publicly available datasets. Finally, while the adversarial layer enhances visual appearance of the produced samples, the 3D U-Net achieves higher metric performance
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Guizar-Sicairos, Manuel, Marios Georgiadis, and Marianne Liebi. "Validation study of small-angle X-ray scattering tensor tomography." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 27, no. 3 (April 22, 2020): 779–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577520003860.
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Small-angle scattering tensor tomography (SASTT) is a recently developed technique able to tomographically reconstruct the 3D reciprocal space from voxels within a bulk volume. SASTT extends the concept of X-ray computed tomography, which typically reconstructs scalar values, by reconstructing a tensor per voxel, which represents the local nanostructure 3D organization. In this study, the nanostructure orientation in a human trabecular-bone sample obtained by SASTT was validated by sectioning the sample and using 3D scanning small-angle X-ray scattering (3D sSAXS) to measure and analyze the orientation from single voxels within each thin section. Besides the presence of cutting artefacts from the slicing process, the nanostructure orientations obtained with the two independent methods were in good agreement, as quantified with the absolute value of the dot product calculated between the nanostructure main orientations obtained in each voxel. The average dot product per voxel over the full sample containing over 10 000 voxels was 0.84, and in six slices, in which fewer cutting artefacts were observed, the dot product increased to 0.91. In addition, SAXS tensor tomography not only yields orientation information but can also reconstruct the full 3D reciprocal-space map. It is shown that the measured anisotropic scattering for individual voxels was reproduced from the SASTT reconstruction in each voxel of the 3D sample. The scattering curves along different 3D directions are validated with data from single voxels, demonstrating SASTT's potential for a separate analysis of nanostructure orientation and structural information from the angle-dependent intensity distribution.
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Carrizosa, I. Pablo, M. Oliver Rubio, O. Julián Mora, and G. Álvaro Guarín. "Keys for Redesign Industrial Facilities in a Current Productive Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 1312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.1312.
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Today companies don’t have time and resources availability to stop their production to evaluate new layout and strategies, unless the results are guaranteed. Developing or redesigning products, gathering them in a product family and creating product platforms can be expensive tasks that represent a meaningful outlay for companies if they don’t have the adequate tools in order to facilitate the work. Thus, it is important to define the most appropriate manufacturing system as well as the performance of the chain value and the equipment layout in order to achieve an optimal production with the best quality and the shortest times and production costs. Therefore, computational tools, validated by working strategies and philosophies as Lean Manufacturing (LM) and Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) become necessary. After the evaluation of products, the value chain and the layout, these tools allow the construction of models and simulations as dynamic Value Stream Map (dynamic VSM), to analyze the actual process functioning or future process plans and PLM software, to estimate production flows, equipment and human labor requirements without stopping the normal production activities and providing competitive advantages to the company.
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Khayer, Abul, and Yukun Bao. "The continuance usage intention of Alipay." Bottom Line 32, no. 3 (August 13, 2019): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bl-07-2019-0097.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the continuance intention of Alipay by proposing an integrated model. This paper highlights how the capacity of providing context-based information to the users plays significant role in determining the continuance intention of mobile payment like Alipay. Design/methodology/approach Data are collected from 336 Alipay users from Wuhan, P.R. China. To analyze the data, the authors apply structural equation modeling approach. Also, the authors perform importance-performance map analysis (IPMA) to identify the critical factors in explaining the continuance intention of Alipay. Findings The results of the study reveal that confirmation and perceived usefulness significantly influence the continuance intention of Alipay through satisfaction. Also, perceived usefulness, satisfaction, context and ubiquity have direct impact on the continuance intention of Alipay through attitude. According to IPMA, perceived ease of use, confirmation and context require special managerial consideration to improve their performance. Originality/value This research has proposed and validated an integrated model by incorporating context-awareness theory and technology continuance theory. This study provides significant insights that can assist respective decision-makers to formulate/adjust their strategies related to the retention of the existing users of mobile payment like Alipay.
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Rajendran, Kylash, Irene M. Moroz, Scott M. Osprey, and Peter L. Read. "Descent Rate Models of the Synchronization of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation by the Annual Cycle in Tropical Upwelling." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 75, no. 7 (June 25, 2018): 2281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-17-0267.1.
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Abstract The response of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) to an imposed mean upwelling with a periodic modulation is studied, by modeling the dynamics of the zero wind line at the equator using a class of equations known as descent rate models. These are simple mathematical models that capture the essence of QBO synchronization by focusing on the dynamics of the height of the zero wind line. A heuristic descent rate model for the zero wind line is described and is shown to capture many of the synchronization features seen in previous studies of the QBO. It is then demonstrated using a simple transformation that the standard Holton–Lindzen model of the QBO can itself be put into the form of a descent rate model if a quadratic velocity profile is assumed below the zero wind line. The resulting nonautonomous ordinary differential equation captures much of the synchronization behavior observed in the full Holton–Lindzen partial differential equation. The new class of models provides a novel framework within which to understand synchronization of the QBO, and we demonstrate a close relationship between these models and the circle map well known in the mathematics literature. Finally, we analyze reanalysis datasets to validate some of the predictions of our descent rate models and find statistically significant evidence for synchronization of the QBO that is consistent with model behavior.
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Chatterji, Madhabi, Mark J. Graham, and Peter C. Wyer. "Mapping Cognitive Overlaps Between Practice-Based Learning and Improvement and Evidence-Based Medicine: An Operational Definition for Assessing Resident Physician Competence." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2009): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-09-00029.1.
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Abstract Purpose The complex competency labeled practice-based learning and improvement (PBLI) by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) incorporates core knowledge in evidence-based medicine (EBM). The purpose of this study was to operationally define a “PBLI-EBM” domain for assessing resident physician competence. Method The authors used an iterative design process to first content analyze and map correspondences between ACGME and EBM literature sources. The project team, including content and measurement experts and residents/fellows, parsed, classified, and hierarchically organized embedded learning outcomes using a literature-supported cognitive taxonomy. A pool of 141 items was produced from the domain and assessment specifications. The PBLI-EBM domain and resulting items were content validated through formal reviews by a national panel of experts. Results The final domain represents overlapping PBLI and EBM cognitive dimensions measurable through written, multiple-choice assessments. It is organized as 4 subdomains of clinical action: Therapy, Prognosis, Diagnosis, and Harm. Four broad cognitive skill branches (Ask, Acquire, Appraise, and Apply) are subsumed under each subdomain. Each skill branch is defined by enabling skills that specify the cognitive processes, content, and conditions pertinent to demonstrable competence. Most items passed content validity screening criteria and were prepared for test form assembly and administration. Conclusions The operational definition of PBLI-EBM competence is based on a rigorously developed and validated domain and item pool, and substantially expands conventional understandings of EBM. The domain, assessment specifications, and procedures outlined may be used to design written assessments to tap important cognitive dimensions of the overall PBLI competency, as given by ACGME. For more comprehensive coverage of the PBLI competency, such instruments need to be complemented with performance assessments.
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Tatsumi, E., D. Domingue, S. Schröder, Y. Yokota, D. Kuroda, M. Ishiguro, S. Hasegawa, et al. "Global photometric properties of (162173) Ryugu." Astronomy & Astrophysics 639 (July 2020): A83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937096.
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Context. The Hayabusa2 spacecraft launched by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency has been conducting observations of the asteroid (162173) Ryugu since June 2018. The Telescopic Optical Navigation Camera (ONC-T) onboard Hayabusa2 has obtained thousands of images under a variety of illumination and viewing conditions. Aims. Our objective is to examine and validate the camera calibration, derive a photometric correction for creating global albedo maps, and to interpret the photometric modeling results to characterize the surface of Ryugu. Methods. We observed (162173) Ryugu with the Gemini-South telescope, and combined these measurements with other published ground-based observations of the asteroid. The ground-based observations were compared with the data obtained by ONC-T in order to validate the radiometric calibration mutually. We used a combination of the Hapke disk-integrated and disk-resolved model equations to simultaneously analyze the combined ground- and spacecraft-based data. Results. The average spectrum of Ryugu was classified as Cb-type following the SMASSII taxonomy and C/F-type following the Tholen taxonomy based on spacecraft observations. We derived Hapke model parameters for all seven color filters, which allowed us to photometrically correct images to within an error of <10% for ~80% of the image pixels used in the modeling effort. Using this model, we derived a geometric albedo of 4.0 ± 0.5% (v band) for Ryugu. The average reflectance factor at the standard illumination condition was 1.87 ± 0.14% in the v band. Moreover we measured a phase reddening of (2.0 ± 0.7) × 10−3 μm−1 deg−1 for Ryugu, similar to that observed for the asteroid (101955) Bennu. Conclusions. The global color map showed that the general trend was for darker regions to also be redder regions, however there were some distinct exceptions to this trend. For example, Otohime Saxum was bright and red while Kibidango crater was dark and blue. The darkness and flatness of Ryugu’s reflectance might be caused by a high abundance of organic materials.
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Yang, Yao, Chen, Ye, and Jin. "Improved Estimates of Population Exposure in Low-Elevation Coastal Zones of China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 19, 2019): 4012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16204012.
Full textAbstract:
With sea level predicted to rise and the frequency and intensity of coastal flooding expected to increase due to climate change, high-resolution gridded population datasets have been extensively used to estimate the size of vulnerable populations in low-elevation coastal zones (LECZ). China is the most populous country, and populations in its LECZ grew rapidly due to urbanization and remarkable economic growth in coastal areas. In assessing the potential impacts of coastal hazards, the spatial distribution of population exposure in China’s LECZ should be examined. In this study, we propose a combination of multisource remote sensing images, point-of-interest data, and machine learning methods to improve the performance of population disaggregation in coastal China. The resulting population grid map of coastal China for the reference year 2010, with a spatial resolution of 100 × 100 m, is presented and validated. Then, we analyze the distribution of population in LECZ by overlaying the new gridded population data and LECZ footprints. Results showed that the total population exposed in China’s LECZ in 2010 was 158.2 million (random forest prediction) and 160.6 million (Cubist prediction), which account for 12.17% and 12.36% of the national population, respectively. This study also showed the considerable potential in combining geospatial big data for high-resolution population estimation.
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Al-Hindawi, Mohammed M., Abdullah Abusorrah, Yusuf Al-Turki, Damian Giaouris, Kuntal Mandal, and Soumitro Banerjee. "Nonlinear Dynamics and Bifurcation Analysis of a Boost Converter for Battery Charging in Photovoltaic Applications." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 24, no. 11 (November 2014): 1450142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127414501429.
Full textAbstract:
Photovoltaic (PV) systems with a battery back-up form an integral part of distributed generation systems and therefore have recently attracted a lot of interest. In this paper, we consider a system of charging a battery from a PV panel through a current mode controlled boost dc-dc converter. We analyze its complete nonlinear/nonsmooth dynamics, using a piecewise model of the converter and realistic nonlinear v–i characteristics of the PV panel. Through this study, it is revealed that system design without taking into account the nonsmooth dynamics of the converter combined with the nonlinear v–i characteristics of the PV panel can lead to unpredictable responses of the overall system with high current ripple and other undesirable phenomena. This analysis can lead to better designed converters that can operate under a wide variation of the solar irradiation and the battery's state of charge. We show that the v–i characteristics of the PV panel combined with the battery's output voltage variation can increase or decrease the converter's robustness, both under peak current mode control and average current mode control. We justify the observation in terms of the change in the discrete-time map caused by the nonlinear v–i characteristics of the PV panel. The theoretical results are validated experimentally.
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Pathmakumar, Thejus, Manivannan Kalimuthu, Mohan Rajesh Elara, and Balakrishnan Ramalingam. "An Autonomous Robot-Aided Auditing Scheme for Floor Cleaning." Sensors 21, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 4332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134332.
Full textAbstract:
Cleaning is an important factor in most aspects of our day-to-day life. This research work brings a solution to the fundamental question of “How clean is clean” by introducing a novel framework for auditing the cleanliness of built infrastructure using mobile robots. The proposed system presents a strategy for assessing the quality of cleaning in a given area and a novel exploration strategy that facilitates the auditing in a given location by a mobile robot. An audit sensor that works by the “touch and inspect” analogy that assigns an audit score corresponds to its area of inspection has been developed. A vision-based dirt-probability-driven exploration is proposed to empower a mobile robot with an audit sensor on-board to perform auditing tasks effectively. The quality of cleaning is quantified using a dirt density map representing location-wise audit scores, dirt distribution pattern obtained by kernel density estimation, and cleaning benchmark score representing the extent of cleanliness. The framework is realized in an in-house developed audit robot to perform the cleaning audit in indoor and semi-outdoor environments. The proposed method is validated by experiment trials to estimate the cleanliness in five different locations using the developed audit sensor and dirt-probability-driven exploration.
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Krtalić, Andrija, Dario Linardić, and Renata Pernar. "Framework for Spatial and Temporal Monitoring of Urban Forest and Vegetation Conditions: Case Study Zagreb, Croatia." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 6055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116055.
Full textAbstract:
Urban forest and vegetation conditions are an important variable in urban ecosystem management decision-making. However, it is difficult to evaluate and monitor solely on the basis of field measurements. Remote sensing technologies can greatly contribute to the faster extraction and mapping of vegetation health status indicators, on the basis of which agronomy and forestry experts can draw conclusions about the condition of urban vegetation in larger areas. A new remote sensing-based urban forest and vegetation cover monitoring framework is presented and applied to a case study of the city of Zagreb, Croatia. In this study, Sentinel-2 multi-temporal imagery was used to derive and analyze the current state of urban forest cover. Vegetation indices (NDVI, RVI, and GRVI) were calculated. K-means unsupervised classification of the vegetation indices was conducted. In this way, the dimensionality of the vegetation indices was reduced, while all the data contained in it were used to represent their graded values. Vegetation that was in a poor condition stood out better that way. Finally, PCA-based change detection was performed on the vegetation indices graded values, and a map of change was produced. These results need to be interpreted and validated by foresters and agronomists in further research.
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Parker, Benjamin W., Edward J. Goncz, David T. Krist, Alexander V. Statsyuk, Alexey I. Nesvizhskii, and Eric L. Weiss. "Mapping low-affinity/high-specificity peptide–protein interactions using ligand-footprinting mass spectrometry." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 42 (October 2, 2019): 21001–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1819533116.
Full textAbstract:
Short linear peptide motifs that are intracellular ligands of folded proteins are a modular, incompletely understood molecular interaction language in signaling systems. Such motifs, which frequently occur in intrinsically disordered protein regions, often bind partner proteins with modest affinity and are difficult to study with conventional structural biology methods. We developed LiF-MS (ligand-footprinting mass spectrometry), a method to map peptide binding sites on folded protein domains that allows consideration of their dynamic disorder, and used it to analyze a set of D-motif peptide–mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) associations to validate the approach and define unknown binding structures. LiF-MS peptide ligands carry a short-lived, indiscriminately reactive cleavable crosslinker that marks contacts close to ligand binding sites with high specificity. Each marked amino acid provides an independent constraint for a set of directed peptide–protein docking simulations, which are analyzed by agglomerative hierarchical clustering. We found that LiF-MS provides accurate ab initio identification of ligand binding surfaces and a view of potential binding ensembles of a set of D-motif peptide–MAPK associations. Our analysis provides an MKK4–JNK1 structural model, which has thus far been crystallographically unattainable, a potential alternate binding mode for part of the NFAT4–JNK interaction, and evidence of bidirectional association of MKK4 peptide with ERK2. Overall, we find that LiF-MS is an effective noncrystallographic way to understand how short linear motifs associate with specific sites on folded protein domains at the level of individual amino acids.
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Esteve Laporta, Marc, and José Antonio Reyes-Gonzalez. "Key mechanisms of the accountability process in public-private partnerships." Revista de Contabilidad 23, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/rcsar.369621.
Full textAbstract:
Este estudio analiza el cuerpo de la investigación académica y empírica disponible respecto a las Asociaciones Público-Privadas (APPs). A través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, exploramos qué tan justificadas son las preocupaciones sobre las APPs erosionando los procesos de rendición de cuentas a los que debieran estar sujetas. Para ello, investigamos más de 50 estudios de APPs publicados entre 1983 y 2017. Estos estudios fueron analizados a través de un marco de categorización que permitió mapear el proceso por el cual la rendición de cuentas de APPs toma lugar en la práctica. Cuatro mecanismos claves sobresalen en este proceso: comportamiento del agente, información sobre el comportamiento, evaluación de información y sanción del comportamiento. Basados en estos mecanismos pudimos identificar, además, cuatro figuras principales con derecho legítimo a solicitar información a las APPs y los mecanismos que utilizan para participar en este proceso general de transparencia y rendición de cuentas. Dado que ninguno de estas figuras principales ejerce control total sobre los cuatro mecanismos clave, argumentamos que esto configura un estado caótico de demandas traslapadas y contradictorias para las APPs. Una falta de coordinación que conlleva, en efecto, a un déficit en la rendición de cuentas. Sin embargo, proponemos que este estado disímbolo de las cosas puede convertirse en una ventaja única en caso de validarse la interdependencia y complementariedad entre las demandas de los principales. This article brings together empirical academic research on accountability in Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). Via a systematic literature review, we explored how well grounded are concerns about PPPs eroding accountability. We investigated over 50 publications on PPPs, published between 1983 and 2017. These studies were analysed in lights of a categorisation framework of publications to map out the process through which accountability takes place in practice for PPPs. Four key accountability mechanisms stand out in our analysis: behaviour, information, evaluation and sanction. Based upon this analysis, we identified four main account-holders and the mechanisms they employ to participate in the overall accountability process of PPPs. Since none of them can exert full control over the mechanisms of accountability available to them, we argue that this unbalanced and chaotic state of contradicting and overlapping demands of accountability indeed generates accountability deficits, but it can be turned into an advantage if interdependency and complementarity between account-holders is further validated.