Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Valeur-p'
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Matei, Ana-Maria. "Première valeur propre du p-Laplacien et applications p-harmoniques." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR4008.
Rambaud, Alexandre Pierre. "La valeur de l’existence en comptabilité : pourquoi et comment l'entreprise peut (p)rendre en compte des entités environnementales pour « elles-mêmes » ?" Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090050/document.
This thesis studies the integration of environmental entities for their own sakes (EEOS) in external corporate accounting. We firstly place our question (Q) in the framework of Human – Nature relationships, through an analysis of Modernity. This leads us to define 3 generic approaches of Q: a Modern Orthodox one, focused on objectification and which includes in particular the existence value; a Modern one which refers to Environmental Ethics, where non-human entities are subjectified through the intrinsic value; an a-Modern Relational Ecological one. Then we prove that the fundamental narrative of financial accounting is the one of the maintenance of a capital – Fundist, Materialist or monetary. Thus we redefine the notion of capital in an extended way and we elaborate an Integrative Accounting Model (IAM), which systematises the expansion of financial statements to every capital from the capital maintenance principle. We finally connect the integration of EEOS, according to the different generic approaches, to the maintenance of some capitals and we apply the IAM to these capitals in order to obtain accounting models which respond to Q in a systematic way
FOURNET-FAYAS, MARTINE. "Valeur semeiologique de l'anticorps anti-proteine p 25 isole, depiste chez les donneurs de sang au centre de transfusion sanguine de lyon." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1M087.
Saintier, Nicolas. "Sur quelques problèmes non-linéaires en analyse géométrique." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066546.
Pluntz, Matthieu. "Sélection de variables en grande dimension par le Lasso et tests statistiques - application à la pharmacovigilance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASR002.
Variable selection in high-dimensional regressions is a classic problem in health data analysis. It aims to identify a limited number of factors associated with a given health event among a large number of candidate variables such as genetic factors or environmental or drug exposures.The Lasso regression (Tibshirani, 1996) provides a series of sparse models where variables appear one after another depending on the regularization parameter's value. It requires a procedure for choosing this parameter and thus the associated model. In this thesis, we propose procedures for selecting one of the models of the Lasso path, which belong to or are inspired by the statistical testing paradigm. Thus, we aim to control the risk of selecting at least one false positive (Family-Wise Error Rate, FWER) unlike most existing post-processing methods of the Lasso, which accept false positives more easily.Our first proposal is a generalization of the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) which we call the Extended AIC (EAIC). We penalize the log-likelihood of the model under consideration by its number of parameters weighted by a function of the total number of candidate variables and the targeted level of FWER but not the number of observations. We obtain this function by observing the relationship between comparing the information criteria of nested sub-models of a high-dimensional regression, and performing multiple likelihood ratio test, about which we prove an asymptotic property.Our second proposal is a test of the significance of a variable appearing on the Lasso path. Its null hypothesis depends on a set A of already selected variables and states that it contains all the active variables. As the test statistic, we aim to use the regularization parameter value from which a first variable outside A is selected by Lasso. This choice faces the fact that the null hypothesis is not specific enough to define the distribution of this statistic and thus its p-value. We solve this by replacing the statistic with its conditional p-value, which we define conditional on the non-penalized estimated coefficients of the model restricted to A. We estimate the conditional p-value with an algorithm that we call simulation-calibration, where we simulate outcome vectors and then calibrate them on the observed outcome‘s estimated coefficients. We adapt the calibration heuristically to the case of generalized linear models (binary and Poisson) in which it turns into an iterative and stochastic procedure. We prove that using our test controls the risk of selecting a false positive in linear models, both when the null hypothesis is verified and, under a correlation condition, when the set A does not contain all active variables.We evaluate the performance of both procedures through extensive simulation studies, which cover both the potential selection of a variable under the null hypothesis (or its equivalent for EAIC) and on the overall model selection procedure. We observe that our proposals compare well to their closest existing counterparts, the BIC and its extended versions for the EAIC, and Lockhart et al.'s (2014) covariance test for the simulation-calibration test. We also illustrate both procedures in the detection of exposures associated with drug-induced liver injuries (DILI) in the French national pharmacovigilance database (BNPV) by measuring their performance using the DILIrank reference set of known associations
Vo, Hoang Hung. "Reaction-diffusion equations and dynamics of population facing a climate change." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066219/document.
The thesis is concerned with various models arising from the study of the dynamics of the population facing a climate change. We aim at achieving two following goals: The first one is to extend original work of Berestycki, Diekmann, Nagelkerke, Zegeling [5] and later developments of Berestycki and Rossi [18,19] the second one is to investigate the deeper mathematical aspects of this model and deal with the new problems where nonlocal and nonlinear diffusion are considered. The Chapter 1 deals with the problem in an infinite cylindrical domain and in the whole space where the reaction term is (resp.) independent or periodically dependent on time. The novelty of this work is that we consider a global condition in term of the spectral theory to assume that the environment of the population is globally unfavorable at infinity instead of pointwise unfavorable near infinity as in [5,18,19]. We further study the concentration of the species in the cylindrical domain when the exterior domain is changed to be extremely unfavorable. In the Chapter 2, we focus on conditioning the a sharp criterion for the existence, nonexistence and uniqueness of positive solution of fully semilinear elliptic equation. When the divergence of the drift term is zero, the existence of positive solution can be characterized by the amplitude of the drift term under some fair assumptions on the growth rate. The large time behavior of associated parabolic equation is considered, where we have to deal with the case of possibly unbounded coefficients. The Chapter 3 extends the existence, nonexistence and uniqueness in the second chapter for a quasilinear equation involving p-laplacian operator. The main difficulty is that it seems hard to apply the strong maximum principle and thus we make use a variational approach to attain an important comparison principle. In Chapter 4, we investigate three notion of generalized principal eigenvalues for nonlocal operators in bounded and unbounded domains (eventually $\R^N$). If the kernel is compactly supported, we can also prove the equivalence of these eigenvalues in unbounded domain. We consider the limits of the eigenvalues of the rescaling operator with respect to the diffusion. The results are very different depending on the rate of rescaling. In Chapter 5, by the help of the results in Chapter 4, we consider the nonlocal evolution equation and prove that the solution of evolution equation converges to the unique stationary solution, whose existence is directly conditioned by the sign of the generalized principal eigenvalue. The convergences holds in $L^\infty(\R^N)$ and $L^p(\R^N)$, $p>0$. In the second part of this chapter, we further investigate the singular limits of the unique positive solution of the rescaling equations. We show that the unique solution of nonlocal equation either approximates the unique solution of local KPP type equation or approximates a solution of reaction-equation, which may not be unique
Bassil, Sabina. "Etude de la répartition structurale des acides féruliques et p-coumarique dans la chènevotte et la poudre organique de chanvre (Cannabis sativa) : exploration des voies de fractionnement pour l'obtention d'extraits à valeur ajoutée." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30257/document.
The industrial transformation of common cultivated crops generates significant amounts of by-products that can often be valorized as a source of value- added molecules for biochemistry. The present work focuses on an original raw material: hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), rich in a particularly, more accessible, lignin having different characteristics than that of wood. Hemp defibering process (Cannabis sativa L.) generates 30% fibers and 70% lignocellulosic by-products: hemp shives (50%) and hemp dust (20%) which were studied in this work as a potential source of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA) such as ferulic (FA) and p-coumaric (pCA) acids. Their structural distribution in the lignocellulosic matrix was analytically evaluated by multistage hydrolysis. FA is mostly etherified to the lignocellulosic structure, while pCA is mainly esterified in hemp dust and equally bound through ester and ether linkages in hemp shives. Biorefinery of hemp by-products, to obtain extracts and raffinates which are rich in phenolic acids, was studied by using microwave-assisted extraction and thermo-mechano-chemical extraction using twin-screw extruder. Both methods have helped to intensify the extraction of HCA. For hemp shives, alkaline-hydro alcoholic solvent lead to the optimum yields of pCA by microwave extraction and of FA by twin-screw extrusion, while for hemp dust, the same solvent is the most effective for the extraction of both phenolic acids using twin-screw extraction. The enrichment of HCA extracts by adsorption on different microporous solids has been investigated. The zeolite *BEA (beta) showed a high potential of HCA adsorption from both model solutions and extracts obtained from fractionation
Derlet, Ann. "Eigenvalues of the p-Laplacian in population dynamics and nodal solutions of a prescribed mean curvature problem." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209932.
La première partie (chapitres 1-2-3) traite d'un problème trouvant son origine en biologie mathématique, à savoir l'étude de la survie à long terme d'une population dont l'évolution est gouvernée par une équation parabolique non-linéaire. Dans le modèle considéré, le mécanisme de diffusion est contrôlé par le p-Laplacien, la non-linéarité est de type logistique et fait intervenir un poids m pouvant changer de signe, et les conditions aux limites sont de flux nul. Le poids m correspond à une répartition des ressources devant permettre la survie de la population. Dans le chapitre 1, nous déterminons entre autres un critère de survie à long terme faisant intervenir la valeur propre principale du p-Laplacien avec poids m. Cette valeur propre apparait, plus précisément, comme la valeur limite d'un paramètre en-dessous de laquelle toute solution positive de l'équation converge vers zéro lorsque t tend vers l'infini. Ceci nous conduit naturellement au problème de minimiser la valeur propre en question lorsque m varie dans une classe adéquate de poids. Dans le chapitre 2, nous prouvons l'existence de minimiseurs et montrons que ces derniers satisfont une propriété de type “bang-bang”. Plusieurs propriétés de montonie sont aussi étudiées dans des situations géométriques particulières, et une caractérisation complète est donnée en dimension 1. Le chapitre 3 est consacré à l'élaboration de simulations numériques, où l'algorithme utilisé combine un méthode de plus grande pente avec une représentation de certains ensembles comme ensembles de niveaux.
La deuxième sujet de cette thèse (chapitre 4) est un problème elliptique faisant intervenir l'opérateur de courbure moyenne. Nous nous intéressons à l'existence et à la multiplicité de solutions nodales de ce problème. Nous montrons que, si un certain paramètre de l'équation est suffisamment grand, il existe une solution nodale qui change de signe exactement deux fois. Nous établissons également l'existence d'un nombre arbitrairement grand de solutions nodales. Enfin, dans le cas particulier où le domaine est une boule, un résultat de brisure de symétrie est obtenu, résultat qui induit l'existence d'au moins deux solutions à deux domaines nodaux.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Caron, Nathalie. "Approches alternatives d'une théorie non informative des tests bayésiens." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES028.
Anane, Aomar. "Etude des valeurs propres et de la résonance pour l'opérateur p-laplacien." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213321.
GUFFOND, THIERRY. "Valeurs et limites de la p. C. R. Dans le diagnostic presomptif des meningo-encephalites herpetiques." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2P005.
LEBAUD, MARIE-PIERRE. "Description de la formation d'un choc dans le p-systeme. Approximation de valeurs propres par des elements finis isoparametriques." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN10094.
Saussay, Gabriel. "Statistiques de cyclicité des variétés Jacobiennes de dimension 2, définies sur Fp : étude pour quelques valeurs du nombre premier P." Antilles-Guyane, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGUY0176.
Ln this thesîs we interested ourselves to the following problematic : to prove, from a degree 4 polynomial the existence of an associated Abellan variety and the existence of an associated Jacobian variety and finally study the cyclicity of such a variety. Let q be 2 power of a prime number p and A an Abelian varîety of dimension 2 over the finite field with p elements k. The main idea is to caracterize. A by a couple (a1,a2) and to split the study in 3 groups, (M), (0) and(SS), We give a necessary and sufficient condition to be a Jacobian variety in the case (0) and a very effective sufficient condition in the case (M). We show that the case (SS) is unable to solve such a problem. However, the study of cyclicity in this case is solved. We conclude by solving our problematic for several values of p, Keywords : simple Abelian surface, absolutely simple Abelian surface, Jacobian Variety, finite field
Évrard, Sabine. "Bases de polynômes à valeurs entières, en analyse p-adique : Factorielles de Bhargava et principe de l'extension q-adique de Conrad." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0108.
In this thesis, we are interesting in Integer-Valued Polynomials on a subset E of a discrete valuation domain V and we compute generalized factorials as defined by Bhargava. In a the first part, we study what we call Legendre subsets, whose factorial sequence satisfies a similar Legendre formula. We prove, by using v-orderings (introduced by Bhargava) and very well distributed sequences (introduces by Amice), that the precompact regular subsets are the only Legendre subsets. We then extend a Conrad's work about normal bases of continuous functions by replacing his construction for continuous functions on V by continuous functions on a subset E of V. Denoting by qn the number of classes of E modulo Mn (where M is the maximal ideal of V ), we prove that when qn divides qn+1, a necessary and sufficient condition to obtain normal bases by qn-digit expansion is that the subset E is a Legendre subset. In the general case, we characterize all the subsets E of V such that the qn-digit principle works. We give an example of normal bases of integer-valued polynomials, obtained by qn-digit expansion. Finally, we extend the notion of factorial of a subset E of V d. First, we give necessary conditions for this work, based on a Mulay's article. Second, we generalize the notion of v-ordering and construct a basis of the V -module of integer-valued polynomials in several indeterminates, linked with the v-ordering. Finally, we give a new definition for the notion of factorial and we give examples
Amattat, Mohamed. "Problèmes aux valeurs propres et bifurcations globales pour l'opérateur p-laplacien.[suivi de] Bifurcations dans les systèmes de réaction-diffusion: attracteurs du modèle simplifié du "Bruxellateur"." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213324.
Panloup, Fabien. "Approximation récursive du régime stationnaire d'une équation différentielle stochastique avec sauts." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066397.
Szumowicz, Anna Maria. "Regular representations of GLn( O) and the inertial Langlands correspondence." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS360.
This thesis is divided into two parts. The first one comes from the representation theory of reductive p-adic groups. The main motivation behind this part of the thesis is to find new explicit information and invariants of the types in general linear groups. Let F be a nonArchimedean local field and let OF be its ring of integers. We give an explicit description of cuspidal types on GLp(OF ), with p prime, in terms of orbits. We determine which of them are regular representations and we provide an example which shows that an orbit of a representation does not always determine whether it is a cuspidal type or not. At the same time we prove that a cuspidal type for a representation π of GLp(F) is regular if and only if the normalised level of π is equal to m or m − 1 p for m ∈ Z. The second part of the thesis comes from the theory of integer-valued polynomials and simultaneous p-orderings. This is a joint work with Mikołaj Frączyk. The notion of simultaneous p-ordering was introduced by Bhargava in his early work on integer-valued polynomials. Let k be a number field and let Ok be its ring of integers. Roughly speaking a simultaneous p-ordering is a sequence of elements from Ok which is equidistributed modulo every power of every prime ideal in Ok as well as possible. Bhargava asked which subsets of Dedekind domains admit simultaneous p-ordering. Together with Mikołaj Frączyk we proved that the only number field k with Ok admitting a simultaneous p-ordering is Q
Casazza, Daniele. "Stark-Heegner points and p-adic L-functions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403958.
Sigui K/Q un cos de nombres i sigui L(K,s) la funció L de Dedekind associada. La fórmula analítica del nombre de classes relaciona els valors especials de L(K,s) amb invariants algebraics del cos K. Aquesta formula admet un refinament Galois equivariant conegut com les conjectures de Stark. En el cas de les corbes el·líptiques ens trobem amb un escenari similar. Sigui E/Q una corba el·líptica i sigui L(E/Q,s) la seva L-sèrie complexa. La conjectura de Birch i Swinnerton-Dyer relaciona el comportament de L(E/Q,s) en el punt central crític s=1 amb l'estructura del conjunt de punts racionals de l'equació definida per E. La versió Galois-equivariant proporciona un refinament d'aquesta conjectura per al canvi de base d'E a un cos de nombres K qualsevol. La conjectura el·líptica de Stark formulada per H. Darmon, A. Lauder i V. Rotger proposa un anàleg p-àdic de la conjectura Galois-equivariant de Birch i Swinnerton-Dyer, sota vàries hipòtesis. En el seu article, els autors formulen la conjectura i la demostren en alguns casos on el primer p és un primer de bona reducció per E, usant el mètode de Garrett-Hida i demostrant pel camí una factorització de funcions L p-àdiques. En aquesta tesi doctoral estudiem i demostrem nous resultats sobre la conjectura el¿líptica de Darmon-Lauder-Rotger En el cas on p és un primer de bona reducció per E, refinem el resultat principal de Darmon-Lauder-Rotger mitjançant el mètode de Rankin-Hida, que ens dóna un millor control de les constants que apareixen en les demostracions i ens permet demostrar una fórmula explícita que involucra invariants globals associats a la corba el¿líptica. Per aconseguir-ho generalitzem la estratègia de Darmon, Lauder and Rotger, tot utilitzant la p-adic Gross-Zagier formula que relaciona els valors especials de la funció L p-àdica de Bertolini-Darmon-Prasanna amb punts de Heegner. L'altre resultat principal d'aquesta tesi és la demostració de la conjectura el·líptica de Stark en un cas on E té reducció multiplicativa en el primer p. Per a fer-ho explotem la funció L p-àdica de F. Castellà, que és una generalització a dos variables de la funció L p-àdica de Bertolini-Darmon-Prasanna.
Assani, Idris. "Contribution à la théorie ergodique des opérateurs dans les espaces ℓp, 1 plus petit ou égal que p plus petit ou égal que plus l'infini : applications multivoques a valeurs dans un espace de Banach." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066010.
Londono, Orozco Ernesto. "LE PROCESSUS DE TRANSMISSION DES VALEURS CHEZ LES JEUNES : Etude comparative de trois configurations colombiennes." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199402.
Shouman, Abdolhakim. "Comparaison de valeurs propres de Laplaciens et inégalités de Sobolev sur des variétés riemanniennes à densité." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4034.
The purpose of this thesis is threefold: SOBOLEV INEQUALITIES WITH EXPLICIT CONSTANTS ON A WEIGHTED RIEMANNIAN MANIFOLD OF CONVEX BOUNDARY: We obtain weighted Sobolev inequalities with explicit geometric constants for weighted Riemannian manifolds of positive m-Bakry-Emery Ricci curvature and convex boundary. As a first application, we generalize several results of Riemannian manifolds to the weighted setting. Another application is a new isolation result for the f -harmonic maps. We also give a new and elemantry proof of the well-known Moser-Trudinger-Onofri [Onofri, 1982] inequality for the Euclidean disk
Ojeda, Fuentealba Jacqueline Alejandra. "Distribution de valeurs des fonctions méromorphes ultramétriques, application de la théorie de Nevanlinna." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00730984.
Shouman, Abdolhakim. "Comparaison de valeurs propres de Laplaciens et inégalités de Sobolev sur des variétés riemanniennes à densité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4034.
The purpose of this thesis is threefold: SOBOLEV INEQUALITIES WITH EXPLICIT CONSTANTS ON A WEIGHTED RIEMANNIAN MANIFOLD OF CONVEX BOUNDARY: We obtain weighted Sobolev inequalities with explicit geometric constants for weighted Riemannian manifolds of positive m-Bakry-Emery Ricci curvature and convex boundary. As a first application, we generalize several results of Riemannian manifolds to the weighted setting. Another application is a new isolation result for the f -harmonic maps. We also give a new and elemantry proof of the well-known Moser-Trudinger-Onofri [Onofri, 1982] inequality for the Euclidean disk
Poliquin, Guillaume. "Géométrie nodale et valeurs propres de l’opérateur de Laplace et du p-laplacien." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13721.
The main topic of the present thesis is spectral geometry. This area of mathematics is concerned with establishing links between the geometry of a Riemannian manifold and its spectrum. The spectrum of a closed Riemannian manifold M equipped with a Riemannian metric g associated with the Laplace-Beltrami operator is a sequence of non-negative numbers tending to infinity. The square root of any number of this sequence represents a frequency of vibration of the manifold. This thesis consists of four articles all related to various aspects of spectral geometry. The first paper, “Superlevel sets and nodal extrema of Laplace eigenfunction”, is presented in Chapter 1. Nodal geometry of various elliptic operators, such as the Laplace-Beltrami operator, is studied. The goal of this paper is to generalize a result due to L. Polterovich and M. Sodin that gives a bound on the distribution of nodal extrema on a Riemann surface for a large class of functions, including eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator. The proof given by L. Polterovich and M. Sodin is only valid for Riemann surfaces. Therefore, I present a different approach to the problem that works for eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on Riemannian manifolds of arbitrary dimension. The second and the third papers of this thesis are focused on a different elliptic operator, namely the p-Laplacian. This operator has the particularity of being non-linear. The article “Principal frequency of the p-Laplacian and the inradius of Euclidean domains” is presented in Chapter 2. It discusses lower bounds on the first eigenvalue of the Dirichlet eigenvalue problem for the p-Laplace operator in terms of the inner radius of the domain. In particular, I show that if p is greater than the dimension, then it is possible to prove such lower bound without any hypothesis on the topology of the domain. Such bounds have previously been studied by well-known mathematicians, such as W. K. Haymann, E. Lieb, R. Banuelos, and T. Carroll. Their papers are mostly oriented toward the case of the usual Laplace operator. The generalization of such lower bounds for the p-Laplacian is done in my third paper, “Bounds on the Principal Frequency of the p-Laplacian”. It is presented in Chapter 3. My fourth paper, “Wolf-Keller theorem of Neumann Eigenvalues”, is a joint work with Guillaume Roy-Fortin. This paper is concerned with the shape optimization problem in the case of the Laplace operator with Neumann boundary conditions. The main result of our paper is that eigenvalues of the Neumann boundary problem are not always maximized by disks among planar domains of given area. This joint work is presented in Chapter 4.
Handi, Youssef. "Modèle d'agrégation des avis des experts, en fiabilité d'équipements." Thèse, 2021. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9666/1/eprint9666.pdf.
Essrifi, Imane. "Les déterminants de la couverture du risque par les produits dérivés : compagnies non financières du S&P/TSX 60." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3759/1/M11603.pdf.