Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Valeur en santé VBHC'
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Cherkaoui, Zineb. "Optimisation des parcours de soins des patients complexes en vue d’une prise en charge pour pathologies hépato-bilio-pancréatiques : mise en place du « Diagnostic en un jour », mode d’évaluation et résultats." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAJ123.
Nowadays, taking good care of the right patient at the right time in the right place according to the latest guidelines established by professional societies is the main concern of each health care provider, aiming to improve populations’ state of health. From the example of the innovative and accelerated care pathway “Oneday diagnosis” for hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases taking place in Strasbourg university hospital and the comparative study to ordinary pathway with respectively 330 vs 152 patients, we demonstrated its efficiency and sustainability. We confirmed the possible replication elsewhere and for other pathologies. Furthermore, the application of the VBHC concept through standardized questionnaires for liver and pancreatic cancers would allow to collect outcomes that matter to patients PROMs and clinical outcomes CROMs with the objective of reaching relevant and excellent care
Iosifyan, Marina. "Analyse interculturelle de la valeur de santé chez les adolescents atteints d'asthme." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB223/document.
This thesis aims to help better understand the role of values, attitudes and coping strategies in health behaviors alongside with anxiety/depression symptoms among Russian and French adolescents with asthma. Mediation analysis was employed to study the associations between values (health value, value of exciting life) and health behaviors (preventive and risk behaviors) through affective (explicit and implicit) and cognitive (explicit) attitudes among adolescents suffering from asthma and healthy adolescents (N = 200). Mediation analysis has also been used to reveal the associations between values and anxiety/depression symptoms through coping strategies. Qualitative study based on anthropological research methodology were applied to study the phenomenology of asthma and health among Russian and French adolescents (N = 20). The study confirmed that values are associated with health behaviors through affective and cognitive attitudes. In valuing health or exciting life, adolescents use coping strategies specific to asthma which influence the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Inclusion of the above values in educational programs makes it possible to promote healthy behaviors and ameliorate the quality of life among adolescents with asthma
Ravoniarison, Aina. "La valeur perçue dans l'alimentation santé : conceptualisation et mesure dans une perspective expérientielle." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020066/document.
Functional foods are conventional products that contain additional bioactive compound targeting physiological benefits beyond basic nutritional value. Previous research regarding the health nutrition consumption widely focused on the cognitive features of reasoned decisional process to explain consumer acceptance. Bearing on experiential perspective, the purpose of the present study is to provide an in-depth analysis of functional food consumption by exploring the multidimensional approach of consumer perceived value (utilitarian, hedonistic and symbolic). A primary literature review allowed determining the factors which might affect consumption experience (typology of value components, variables related to consumer, product characteristics and personality traits). An exploratory qualitative survey which mixed interviews with diary and questionnaire was carried out in order to verify research proposals. Finally, following an empirical validation of a perceived value scale, an integrative conceptual model was elaborated and tested through a quantitative survey. This explanatory frame highlighted the underlying relationships between the perceived value of functional food consumption, its predictors, its moderators and its effects (repurchasing intention). Results showed that experiential framework gives a relevant insight into the affective pattern of functional food consumption that emerges from an interaction between the consumer and the product
Dab, William. "La décision en santé publique : valeur décisionnelle de la surveillance épidémiologique dans les situations d'urgence et de crise de santé publique." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON1T002.
Quéro, Christelle. "Quantified-Self : valeur expérientielle et co-creation de valeur dans le marketing social." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1A026.
If consumers generally act out of personal interest (Rothschild, 1999) then this research postulates that a value proposition must be made to individuals in order to encourage positive behavior change. The value perceived by the consumer implies the consumption experience. Although it is often noticed in a context of service, it is also of interest in the context of social marketing (Russell-Bennett et al., 2009, Zainuddin et al., 2011). Indeed, value must help to identify the reasons that lead individuals to adopt behaviors beneficial to their health. Nowadays, the phenomenon of Quantified-Self (QS) and Quantified-Self 2.0 (QS2.0) is likely to come in support of more traditional social marketing campaigns. It can become a two-way experience of a social marketing that becomes personalized. However, experts in that field have not yet tried to understand how this phenomenon can create experiential value for the user and, how its characteristics, as sources of value creation, must be designed to influence both motivational climate and experience inscribed in continued motivation. In recognition of these shortcomings, this thesis proposes a reflection around the value ‘components, value co-creation, motivational climate as well as the meta-motivational dominance (telic / paratelic) present in the individual who integrates the experience
Horquin, Tania. "Les conditions d'émergence des marchés de la télémédecine : entre territoires de santé, projets d'expérimentation et écosystèmes d'affaires." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00652635.
Plastiras, Athanase. "Création et répartition de la valeur globale de l'entreprise : entre performance et régulation : cas des cliniques privées de soins médicaux en Grèce." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN0645.
Mifsud, Matthieu. "S'approprier le service pour co-créer de la valeur : une étude empirique dans le secteur de la santé." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD031/document.
This thesis examines the role of service appropriation and client participation in the value co-creation mechanism in services. First, an exploratory study in the health sector aimed to propose a comprehensive framework for service appropriation and analysed the process of value co-creation from a "customer centric" perspective. Second, a quantitative study was conducted with 508 diabetics patients. The results highlight the impact of service appropriation on value formation and on client participation. This research may contribute to the theory of value co-creation by proposing a modelization of its mechanisms. Plus, it gives clues to deepen the understanding of the concept of appropriation in marketing. Finally, this study provides important insights into how service providers and managers should manage the appropriation of their services and engage customers in the value co-creation process
Favreau, Amélie. "L'objet de la propriété intellectuelle dans le domaine de la santé : réflexion sur la valeur dans le droit des biens." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GREND009.
Value is a notion especially present in intellectual property law, and this is the prism we have chosen to analyse the object of intellectual property in the healthcare field. When labeled economic, this value present in the object of copyright drives it (the object) into the sphere of property common law, thus losing its specificity and opening it to all objects economically valid in the healthcare field. The solutions offered to re-establish the legitimacy of intellectual property in this field where it is essential are two-fold. On the one hand, it is essential to focus on the object of intellectual property and not its exercise as it is often done. The strict delimitation of the object is important. It should not meet all the pressing solicitations for protection of objects in the healthcare field but must preserve its in-appropriable portion. On the other hand, this argument must be reinforced with the search of the purpose of intellectual property in the healthcare field. This purpose can only be found when considering the social value of the objects affecting people’s health. Therefore the appropriation of any object in the healthcare field must contribute to the achievement of medical progress. Medical progress is defined as a process of an increase in time of medical advances stemming from science and technique, advances which contribute to an improved well-being and, according to the health definition here used, to an improved complete physical, mental and social well-being. Its presence (of medical progress?) will be verified (checked) in light of the principal rights which make up the copyright law. It will be noted that the appropriation in patents rights is generating medical advances, whereas in trademark and royalties rights receive these objects to ensure medical progress in its temporal dynamic
Coulibaly, Mantiaba. "Alliance de marques et création de valeur : une approche interorganisationnelle : Application aux marchés du commerce équitable et de l’alimentation santé." Paris 9, 2009. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090008.
Brands, frequently being perceived as quality signals, reach today their limits on the market. Then to be differentiated and to reinforce their position, many companies launched out in brand alliances defined as the combination of two brands in a same product or a service. The previous studies on brand alliances are mainly focused on marketing aspects centered on the consumer. However brand alliances take place in a very aggressive competing context and several problems of sharing of the benefit, of reduction of costs and finally the question of value creation are addressed to these companies. So we seek to determine the ways to create and to maintain value of brand alliances in an interorganizational perspective. On the basis of previous researches on brand alliances, we underline the importance of organizational issues. We propose an analytical framework of brand alliances in using various key components: environment of the alliance, actors involved and their objectives, their behaviors, resources and governance mechanisms mobilized. With a qualitative methodology applied to case studies, we use this analytical framework for three types of brand alliances, in the fair trade market, the nutritional health market and the dietary food supplement market. We conducted 40 semi-directive interviews completed with 10 questionnaires. We obtain two key results. First, we show that value creation processes in brand alliances can be analyzed in a static and dynamic situation in using key components which are at the basis of the value creation process. Second, we produce knowledge through our proposed analytical framework, to the functioning of brand alliances from an interorganizationnal point of view
Favreau, Amélie. "L'objet de la propriété intellectuelle dans le domaine de la santé : réflexion sur la valeur dans le droit des biens." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GREND002.
Value is a notion especially present in intellectual property law, and this is the prism we have chosen to analyse the object of intellectual property in the healthcare field. When labeled economic, this value present in the object of copyright drives it (the object) into the sphere of property common law, thus losing its specificity and opening it to all objects economically valid in the healthcare field. The solutions offered to re-establish the legitimacy of intellectual property in this field where it is essential are two-fold. On the one hand, it is essential to focus on the object of intellectual property and not its exercise as it is often done. The strict delimitation of the object is important. It should not meet all the pressing solicitations for protection of objects in the healthcare field but must preserve its in-appropriable portion. On the other hand, this argument must be reinforced with the search of the purpose of intellectual property in the healthcare field. This purpose can only be found when considering the social value of the objects affecting people’s health. Therefore the appropriation of any object in the healthcare field must contribute to the achievement of medical progress. Medical progress is defined as a process of an increase in time of medical advances stemming from science and technique, advances which contribute to an improved well-being and, according to the health definition here used, to an improved complete physical, mental and social well-being. Its presence (of medical progress?) will be verified (checked) in light of the principal rights which make up the copyright law. It will be noted that the appropriation in patents rights is generating medical advances, whereas in trademark and royalties rights receive these objects to ensure medical progress in its temporal dynamic
Estrada, Orrego Victoria E. "La valeur des chiffres : la production et les usages des statistiques démographiques et de santé publique en Colombie 1886-1947." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0172.
This thesis aims at understanding how the quantitative knowledge about public health and population were generated in Colombia. The first part examines the origin of the national statistics offices is. It analyzes the ways of production as well as of the uses of demographic and public health data. During this time, statistics figures were institutionalized and officialized. The process of transformation of the population from being an object of study to becoming a main part of state policies throughout the country history is studied. This constitutes a change in the methods of censoring and quantification of the vital statistics. The second part analyzes the formulation and use of statistics on two case studies: the campaign against child mortality and the control of epidemics. These examples illustrate how the statistics become a validation tool and a pattern measuring of the population's health status. The third part studies the conception and use of statistics for implementing national programs of health against ankylostomiasis and tuberculosis during 1920-1940 years, and tries to put into perspective the social and political implications. The Rockefeller foundation played a specific role in the development of the medical statistics in Colombia. The training of experts in vital statistics and public health planned by this foundation brought about the application of the North America hygienist model in Colombia. The medical literature in Colombia indulged in the overuse of tuberculosis statistical figures to gain the attention of public power to obtain funding for campaigns
Benabdejlil, Hajar. "Modélisation des processus de soins : vers une implantation de nouveaux services à valeur ajoutée." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0411/document.
Today, the actors of public health face many challenges related to the ever-changing needs of an aging population and the increasing number of chronic diseases.These needs and the related cost, lead to rethink the care management and rationalize the patient healthcare pathways to make them more efficient.Our thesis work has the following main results.First a general introduction of the health system is presented, followed by an analysis of the evolution of the health system, its principles and its challenges. Next, we provided an overview of trends and organizational innovations in response to these challenges.Secondly, based on a bibliographic, we presented our definitions of pathways (healthcare, health, and life), their relative positioning and their influence on the challenges mentioned above.To model the pathways, we analyzed the concepts mentioned in the preceding definitions and we structured them into a meta-model. Then we used it to enrich an existing enterprise modeling language (GRAI Extended Actigram) and thus obtain a language totally suited to our needs.The latter was used to represent the heathcare processes of two examples of diseases, influenza A (H1N1) and COPD. In the frame of this presentation, methodological aspects were discussed (information resources, translation, etc.).Finally, on the basis of a state-of-the-art of the offered services by current computer platforms, we proposed a methodology for defining value-added services providing an improved access to information and improving the dynamics and efficiency of healthcare based on the modeled healthcare processes
Blanc, Julien. "Enjeux conceptuels de l'évaluation de la qualité de vie en santé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5051.
The evaluation of quality of the patients' life is central in health, especially in Public Health research programs and policies. Many instruments are developed and discourses on health related quality of life grow in number and diversity. Several approaches and accounts of the concept coexist. However, this growth and diversity is synonymous with enduring doubts about the validity of the existing concepts of health related quality of life. In order to understand and maybe dissolve the confusion, we have first to agree on a common framework of analysis for the concept of quality of life. But, to our knowledge, this framework of analysis is not available. And yet this framework is necessary in order to explicit, compare and test the theoretical choices that determine the concept of quality of life, and most of all of the good quality of life, underlying the measuring instruments. It is indeed the conceptualization of value, of what is good in life, which is at stake. But this aspect is concealed: the approach of quality of life in health is generally but mistakenly conceived as value free or neutral. This concealment probably explains why a common framework of analysis of the existing concepts of health related quality of life is not available. From an understanding of the logic of value specific to quality of life, we try to develop such a framework of conceptual analysis
Chauvin, Rachel. "La valeur de la formation au cœur des processus agentiques du transfert des apprentissages : évaluation de l'efficacité des formations dans l'industrie de la santé." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100079.
The aim of this doctoral work conducted within the group Sanofi France and supported by the French National Association of Research and Technology (CIFRE convention) was to study how perceived self-efficacy and participants’ post-training reactions intervene in the transfer of learning in the workplace. Employees’ post-training change of behavior is a real challenge for the companies who recognize that individual skill development is a mean to ensure organizational performance. However, learning transfer is a complex dynamic process which depends on the person’s cognitive and metacognitive abilities to regulate his/her behavior over time. Hence, this thesis draws on an agentic perspective to develop a model of the motivational processes involved in on-the-job learning transfer, thanks to six studies. Three studies were conducted to develop and validate a learning transfer self-regulatory efficacy scale, a questionnaire of professional English self-efficacy, and a measure post-training reactions. The relationship between the different perceptions of learners was explored during two longitudinal studies, leading to the validation of a model of far transfer based on expectation value theories in a final study. The instrumental value of training, assessed through perceived utility, turns out to be the main mediator of successful behavior change in professional settings
Scarsella, Carla. "Prévalence de la population québécoise en santé cardio-vasculaire et détermination d'une valeur de référence d'insulinémie à jeun comme marqueur du risque de détérioration métabolique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ65390.pdf.
Tardif, Évangéline. "Expérimentation d'un outil d'évaluation de la contribution à caractère appréciatif auprès d'équipes de travail oeuvrant dans un établissement de santé et de services sociaux." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11258.
Sekli, Guillaume. "Three applications of cooperative game theory." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCB006.
Cooperative game theory is a set of relevant tools for understanding conflict situations in which economic agents cooperate in order to recover a share of the fruit of the cooperation. The project is articulated around three different original applications; in the field of health economics with the implementation of integrated care for the treatment of chronic diseases leading to a cooperation of care providers; in the field of international taxation with the study of the implementation of a common harmonized rate to tax the profits of multinational firms in the G7/G20 countries; and in the field of finance with the study of the signals brought by contributors in projects using crowdfunding platforms as a source of financing
Belharet, Mahdi. "L'estimation de la valeur statistique de la vie humaine dans le domaine de la santé : quel fondement normatif pour une estimation monétaire au sein de l'économie du bien-être ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0098.
The value of statistical life (VSL) is an economic analytical tool, which is defined as the value that a person is ready to pay (WTP) in order to reduce the risk mortality or morbidity. The advantage of such a tool is to monetarily estimate the social benefit of an investment project which is made to reduce the risk, but also to establish an arbitrage between several alternatives. Respond to the moral hazard in a context pertaining to the scarcity of resources, which is perfectly in keeping with VSL. With people’s estimation on their willingness to pay, depending on how they perceive risks and their income level, people are positioned as the sole judges as for the value of their lives. Because people freely determine the WTP depending on their personal preferences and these preferences are included in order to determine a social choice. The value of statistical life doesn’t contradict the normative framework of establishing a decision. Nonetheless, welfarism which is a source of estimating methods of VSL is directly related to utilitarianism. Eventually, the estimated value by VSL is subjective nature. In the health sector, the VSL needs to surpass the subjective framework of an estimation in order to answer the normative ethic which describes the medical practice, especially by taking personal self-sufficiency into account but also the personal notion of a good life and the universal notion of the person. Researching establishing arguments of reference value pertaining to VSL which takes on a normative framework and this is objective when it comes to our work. This theoretically requires an in-depth analysis within the economic theory of well-being
Chabrol-Rivière, Sylvie. "La visite du délégué médical en cabinet de médecine générale a-t-elle une valeur formatrice ? : enquête auprès de 20 praticiens." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11158.
Edeiotoh, Emmanuel Kossi. "La valeur perçue du marketing one-to-one versus one-to-few sur la motivation et la fidélité du consommateur de fitness : e-Coaching de l'exercice pour la santé : comparaison des cas français et américain." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA113008.
Nowadays, the problem of physical inactivity is one of the major global issues and it is considered by the WHO and the UN as the leading cause of mortality due to non-communicable diseases. At the same time, although the physical exercise has proven to be the best way to fight against these sicknesses, most of the consumers evoke a series of barriers against the adoption of regular exercise.The purpose of this thesis is to propose alternative approaches based on the concept of perceived value in marketing which has proven to be a good tool to motivate and retain consumers in the frame of other types of goods and services.We focused on the sources of consumer perceived value in personalized marketing, community marketing and experiential marketing, the aspects of which were integrated in a combinatorial approach, the aim of this method being to propose the concept of the exercise composite variable as a trade-off between costs and benefits.We confirmed that the perceived values of the different composites of the practice of exercise combined to form the overall perceived value of the exercise. In addition, we also confirmed that this overall perceived value of the exercise ultimately influenced the consumer’s intent to practice regular exercise and to recommend it.The results of this research allowed us to suggest that the offer of exercise should be made as à la carte menu in order to facilitate consumers’ decision-making process and so to motivate and to retain them
Poquet, Delphine. "Comment favoriser des choix de goûters favorables à la santé au sein du binôme mère-enfant ? : effet d’une intervention « nutritionnelle » ou d’une intervention « hédonique »." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCH006.
In France, the midafternoon snack is a frequent habit among children usually characterized by the consumption of fatty, sweet and high-energy-dense foods. If eating behaviours remain flexible and can evolve throughout the life, they are already strongly established during childhood. In this context, improve food habits in terms of midafternoon snack seem important. The thesis aim was therefore to assess the effectiveness of levers aimed at promoting healthy snack choices within mother-child dyads. A first experiment was conducted in order to assess the impact of a nutritional labelling system, the Nutri-Score, on the nutritional quality and on the liking of the snacks chosen within mother-child dyads. The results showed an improvement in the nutritional quality of midafternoon snacks chosen by the participants for themselves and for the other dyad member after labelling with the Nutri-Score. This improvement is accompanied by a decrease in the liking of the snacks chosen by children and mothers. A second experiment was conducted in order to assess the impact of a pleasure-based intervention conducted at home and mobilizing three dimensions of pleasure from eating (sensory, interpersonal and psychosocial) and on the nutritional quality of midafternoon snacks chosen in the laboratory in mother-child dyads. This intervention was also tested on different variables characterizing the nutritional composition of the midafternoon snack consumed at home by children. If the intervention did not improve the nutritional quality of the snacks chosen by the children and their mother in the laboratory, it reduced the energy content of snacks consumed at home by the children. This reduction would be due to a decrease in the quantities consumed. Results obtained in the context of this work could provide guidance for public authorities responsible for communication and recommendation on child nutrition
Gottfried, Fabrice. "Vers un outil d'aide à la décision en ingénierie territoriale appliqué à la géolocalisation de centres de santé." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAH012.
Everyone knows that our western societies are getting older. Our elderly use also a lot of health care where costs go up and up year after year. Thus, health managers have to face conflicting challenges : how to offer top health protection for all at a reasonable cost for each of us and at an acceptable cost for our local health authorities. A health management that is too rigorous limited to the sole expenditure may undermine intergenerational solidarity by sacrificing the most vulnerable populations. In this way of mind, our aid decision tool could help health managers and politics find alternative solutions to restore some equity, in our case health care accessibility, to ensure sustainable social justice, the cement of all advanced societies. We have tested our tool with 2 territories having very different geographical and demographic characteristics : the densely populated Bas-Rhin region located in the Eastern part of France and the less densely populated region of Estrie located in the South-eastern Province of Quebec (Canada). Our tool may only be part of the solution to these health care costs mentioned above but, its utility and originality are also easily transferable to other possible organizational environments
Korchagina, Daria. "Development of a Multi-Criteria Procedure to Inform the Decision on Price and Reimbursement of Orphan Drugs." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS288.
In order to improve the access to treatment for patients suffering from rare diseases, the governments of several countries put in place specific ‘orphan’ legislation aiming at promoting research in the field. In response to these measures, the number of approved orphan drugs has dramatically increased and continues to grow. Nevertheless, a number of issues remain unresolved. Thus, high per-patient costs, poor knowledge of the diseases and other specificities of medicines for rare diseases make it impossible to apply standard methods of health technology assessment to orphan drugs. The objective of the present research was to identify the criteria that determine the value of orphan drugs and study public preferences regarding these criteria.In the first phase of the research, a detailed review was conducted of the current situation on orphan drug market. Challenges related to the development and appraisal of orphan drugs were described and catalogued. A review was carried out of all approvals of orphan drugs in Europe, as well as of orphan drug markets in France, Italy and England and Wales. Orphan drug availability, price and reimbursement status, as well as the details of assessment were analysed.In the second phase, a literature review was conducted to identify potential determinants of orphan drug value. The impact of some of these determinants (choice was based on the availability of data) on orphan drug prices in France, Italy and England and Wales was then explored in a regression analysis.Finally, preferences of French general population in relation to the most relevant determinants of orphan drug value were analysed using an online survey. The list of determinants was developed based on a focus group and expert interviews. The survey was designed as a discrete choice experiment and allowed estimating relative weights of the included determinants.The study allowed identification of orphan drug characteristics that are most valued by the society. Its results may be taken into consideration in drug appraisal process in order to enable a fair assessment and pricing of orphan drugs
Spilmont, Mélanie. "Intérêt de la grenade dans la prévention nutritionnelle de l'ostéoporose : rôle des fractions lipidiques et polyphénoliques, approches physiologiques, cellulaires et moléculaires." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF1MM05/document.
In the current context of increased life expectancy, prevalence and socioeconomic consequences of age-related diseases such as osteoporosis represent a major public health problem worldwide. This is why development of new strategies of prevention is highly suitable to provide a wide array of options (alternatives to usual therapies) for health professionals. So far, studies targeting nutrient biological activities have been mainly focused on both calcium and vitamin D. Nevertheless, other nutrients have shown a protective effect on bone mass acquisition and preservation through their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this light, pomegranate is endowed with such a potential. Indeed there is an increasing scientific interest that has already suggested its nutritional and pharmacological benefits on prevention of some chronic age-associated diseases. As part of this project, the initial work focused on pomegranate has highlighted the link between its health benefit potential and the exceptional composition of its main parts: polyphenols from the juice (anthocyanins) and the peel (ellagitannins) and punicic acid from seed, those micronutrients being able to elicit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. Our work hypothesis resulted from a first phytochemical study leading to identify, standardize, characterize and produce two types of pomegranate extracts titrated on 2 molecules of interest (punicic acid and ellagitannins). We thus investigated the outcome of consumption, first of the whole fruit or its principal parts (peel and juice) and in a second time of concentrated ellagitannins and punicic acid extracts on bone biology in a well described experimental model of postmenopausal osteoporosis (osteopenia induced by estrogen deficiency after ovariectomy in C57bl6/j mice). In this preclinical study, wedemonstrated that all the diets supplemented with pomegranate significantly prevented bone loss and micro-architecture impairment. Those findings are associated with transcriptional changes in bone tissue, suggesting involvement of both osteoclastogenesis inhibition and osteoblastogenesis improvement, and reduced inflammatory and oxidative parameters, as well. Then, to determine more accurately the molecules and the signaling pathways involved in those effects, an original ex-vivo study was set up on both osteoblasts and osteoclasts, with respect to physiological conditions (i.e., the aim being to mimic systemic changes and generation of specific circulating metabolites associated with the extractsingestion). This work allowed clarifying the bone sparing effects observed in-vivo. Indeed, pomegranate extracts had the ability to elicit a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, matrix mineralization and transcriptional levels of major osteoblast lineage markersinvolving key signaling pathways, while the expression of specific osteoclast differentiation markers and RANK-RANKL downstream signaling targets were down-regulated. In addition, transcripts analysis revealed that pomegranate extracts were able to induce defense mechanisms against oxidative stress and inflammation in the bone microenvironment. Our results show for the first time the pomegranate potential regarding bone physiology, underlying its possible mechanisms on bone remodeling through a complete and integrated nutritional approach respecting the physiology
Gnassou, Josiane. "La crise environnementale : cas des déchets solides et liquides en Côte d'Ivoire et au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0105/document.
The crisis context in which our world is evolving is a fundamental and inescapable question. Recent disasters all over the continents are the proof of this dramatic concern for our world and its biodiversity. It is variable: it is either economic, political, legal and environmental. That is why our work is about waste crisis. This problem affects all our civilizations and its results are irreversible for our natural system. Furthermore, it needs immediate and sustainable responses because it is linked with the future of our planet. All countries are concerned about this problematic. However, it shows different faces even in the same geographical area. This crisis is anthropogenic and natural. It involves all national and international stakeholders. Literature reviews reveal a lack of data in Africa and the failure of projects not unsuited to local contexts. We develop several theories: circular economics, negative and positive externalities and the theory of social and supporting economy. Our work is about the importance of informal sectors in Africa, the coordination of actors in the field and the development of green jobs. This positive way is possible with innovative communication strategies and the involvement of population in local projects
Baumstarck, Karine. "Approche des limites et de la place de la qualité de vie dans la prise en charge des patients atteints de sclérose en plaques. : Application au MusiQoL Multiple sclerosis international questionnaire of quality of life." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5017.
AbstractThe quality of life (QoL) measurements are being considered increasingly important with regard to evaluating disease progression, treatment and the management of care provided to patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). QoL is commonly assessed using self-reported questionnaires and it is important to have robust, valid, reliable, and universally applied measures. Despite the acknowledged need to consider QoL issues, QoL assessment remains under-utilized in MS clinical practice. The general objective of this manuscript is to explore the difficulties for clinicians to be convinced by the clinical relevance and accuracy of the QoL assessment implementation in clinical practice. The present scientific works are based on: 1. Confirmation of validity, reliability, and sensibility to change of the MS-specific QoL instrument designated in this work (MusiQoL); 2. Exploration of the meaning of QoL assessment among MS patients with cognitive impairment; 3. Promotion both the used and usefulness of measuring QoL in MS clinical practice by improvement of knowledge about QoL determinants and potential predictive role of QoL on disability
Laubie, Raphaëlle. "Les Déterminants de l’Action Collective en Ligne dans les Communautés Virtuelles de Patients : une Approche Multi-Méthodes." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED036/document.
Over the last few years, virtual patients’communities have been developing tremendously over the Internet. These Web 2.0 communities allow frequent interactions among patients, who can share health-related information within an interactive environment. While many agree on the opportunity represented by those communities for its users, we know very little about what determines patients’ online collective action, specifically on virtual communities as well as the fundamentals of online collective action in these virtual spaces. Accordingly, this doctoral work examines why patients interact with others and how they interact on topics related to their disease through these virtual communities. Drawing on the goal-directed behavior (MGB), the expectancy-value (EVT) theories, the field force theory, gift concepts and field interviews, we have developed a model for examining patients’ online interactions and identified gift-giving behaviors in the context of online collective action. A multi-method, qualitative and quantitative approaches, enables us to explore patients’ interactions and measures the determinants of online collective action on these virtual spaces. The qualitative analysis of 54 interviews conducted with patients, patient’s relatives, Health 2.0 professionals, doctors and caregivers allows refining the research model, which has then been tested through a survey handled with 269 patients, members of patient’s communities. This research contributes to IS research by increasing our knowledge regarding the individual dynamics and interactions that surround online patients’ communities
Holzer, Felicitas Sofia. "Treating host communities fairly in international health research." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL015.
The fact that powerful multinational pharmaceutical companies and research funding institutions in high-income countries sponsor drug testing in low and middle-income countries against a backdrop of insufficiently developed health and welfare systems easily raises concerns that communities that host clinical trials are treated unfairly. “Treating host communities unfairly” is usually associated with an unfair distribution of benefits and burdens that arise from research between the presumably more powerful researchers and sponsors from abroad and host communities that are in the possession of less negotiation power. Two central normative models characterize the dominant discourse in research ethics; one states that drug or medical intervention testing in low and middle-income countries must result in medicines that address local health needs and furthermore, must be reasonably made available; the other model makes fair negotiations the central concern of benefit-sharing. This thesis challenges the major claims of both predominant models relying on arguments from the discipline of health research ethics and established debates in political philosophy, and especially global and distributive justice, as well as the fair play literature. My thesis is concerned with finding a conceptual foundation for the claim that host communities should be accrued fair benefits; a conceptual point that is still underdeveloped in the literature. My thesis furthermore seeks to account for concerns related to structural (in-)justice and also for alternative procedures and mechanisms with the goal of safeguarding fair benefits. Refusing to adopt a cosmopolitan perspective, I construe obligations of fair benefit-sharing as moral requirements that arise from fair cooperation among distinct stakeholders. Based on this, I present a justification for why host communities should be established as stakeholders that have a claim to fair benefits, and further spell out the content of such claim
Aïssaoui, Mohammed Amine. "Des modalités de fixation aux déterminants du prix des médicaments innovants : le cas des anticancéreux dans les pays de l’OCDE." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED026.
This PhD thesis focused on the regulation and the determinants of innovative drugs prices in oncology. First, with a literature review we provided a comprehensive description examining the pricing mechanisms of innovative drugs in OECD countries. This approach shows us that most of the countries determine their prices according the assessment of the added value of the pharmaceutical product, and use HTA policies in their decisions making. Based on that conclusions and regarding the differences observed between the policies’ countries we assumed a framework to describe the pricing mechanism.In addition, we developed an original database which contains the anticancer drugs characteristics and their prices in 8 OECD countries. From empirical studies, we examined the relationship between the prices and the drugs characteristics. Before assessing prices disparities between the selected countries, we focused on the market approval of these medicines in each country. Nevertheless, even if most of the products were available in all studied countries, we observed differences between their regulations notably concerning the orphan status designation as well as for the time to market authorization.Thereafter, we achieved a comparative study to assess the discordance between the NICE and HAS. This analysis shows that despite a similar estimation of the added value, there is divergences between these HTA bodies in term of decisions making. Then, when we investigated the trends in prices across the selected countries, the level of pricing disparities observed, in most cases, seems to reflect the differences in pricing regulations.Finally, in order to highlight the determinants of these disparities between countries with respect to anticancer drug prices, we used the econometric approaches, we assessed both the effects on the prices of the added value (the incremental survival) and the pharmaceutical policy: It appears that the incremental survival impacts on the prices, independently of its uncertainties and its level of evidence provided in the clinical trials. In addition, the analysis confirms that the prices disparities reflect the pricing policy applied. Indeed, the countries using a free pricing policy have the highest-level prices, followed by the countries using the pricing negotiation and external reference pricing. Lastly, the countries using economic evaluation have the lowest prices
Demers-Payette, Olivier. "Débat public sur la valeur sociale des innovations médicales : l'expérience d'un Café scientifique." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2689.
Medical innovations have significant influence on clinical practice, policy-making and public expectation towards the health care system. In the context of public health care systems, the cost of health innovation is a major barrier to its adoption even if they are often portrayed in the media as inherently desirable. Such a framing of the problem impedes the debate on what makes social and technological health innovations relevant from a population health perspective. Thus it is interesting to take advantage of an innovative communicational process, the Café scientifique. This research project analyzes a Café scientifique that took place in March 2007 which established a dialogue between four experts and around 80 members of the public on health innovation issues. The objectives are: 1) to analyze the application of the Café scientifique, and 2) to analyze its impact on participants. This single case study uses qualitative and quantitative data: 1) semi-participative observation; 2) audiovisual recording of the activity; 3) surveys distributed at the end of the activity; 4) semi-directed interviews (n=11) with participants. Integrated analysis of all data gives a better understanding of how the context is structuring for the debate, describes the main roles adopted by participants, identifies key health innovation issues that were discussed and highlights which features have facilitated or hindered a dialogue between scientists and the public. The Café scientifique is an unusual practice which stirs up interest of both researchers and participants.
Marshansky, Serguei. "Valeur diagnostique des micro-éveils autonomiques comme substitut aux éveils cérébraux dans l'apnée du sommeil." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16266.
The general adult population has a high prevalence of sleep breathing disorders, of which obstructive sleep apnea is the most common, yet many cases remain undiagnosed. Although overnight laboratory polysomnography, called type 1 recording, is the most effective diagnostic tool, it is expensive and time-consuming. To overcome these disadvantages, several portable home (type 3) recording devices have been developed. However, they do not measure brain activity (with EEG). This study presents a comparison between type 1 and type 3 recordings. All apnea, hypopnea, and RERA respiratory events were analyzed, as well as cerebral arousals (EEG arousals) and autonomic arousals. Autonomic arousals are defined by increased heart rate following a respiratory event. To enrich the analysis, the following respiratory outcome measures were included: 4% oxygen saturation index (ODI), apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), respiratory disturbance index with apneas + hypopneas + RERAs including EEG arousals (RDIe), and RDI including autonomic arousals scored as an increase of 5 bpm (RDIa5). The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of respiratory events associated with autonomic arousals and the impact on RDI detected with type 1 compared to type 3 recordings. The hypothesis is that respiratory events with autonomic arousals will have a greater impact on RDI using type 3 compared to type 1 recordings. This study included 72 subjects who underwent type 1 full polysomnography recording and 79 different subjects underwent type 3 ambulatory recording. The following analyses were performed: 1) percentage of events associated with only autonomic arousals in type 1 and type 3 studies; 2) frequency of migration from lower to higher AHI severity category when accounting events associated with only autonomic arousals; 3) Bland-Altman (B-A) for agreement between AHI, RDIe, and RDIa5 (type 1) and AHI and RDIa5 (type 3) and; 4) Pearson correlations and intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC) for agreement between AHI, RDIe and RDIa5 (type 1) and between AHI and RDIa5 (type 3). The use of the RDIa5 criterion increased the number of AHI scoring events by 49% for type 1 recordings and by 51% for type 3 recordings. These results show that autonomic arousals have a similar impact on RDI data using both type 3 and type 1 recordings. We conclude that RDIa5 is a suitable and reliable criterion for type 3 recordings.
G, Leclerc Bruno. "Valeur pronostique de CD73 et des lymphocytes T CD8 et optimisation de la vaccination de type GVAX dans le cancer de la prostate." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15907.
The ectoenzyme CD73 has been associated with suppression of anti-tumor immunity. Its prognostic and therapeutic values have been highlighted in many types of cancer. The first hypothesis of this project is that tumor CD73 expression predicts the prognosis of prostate cancer patients. CD73 expression was determined by immunofluorescence in tumor tissues. Univariates and multivariates analysis were conducted to determine if CD73 expression could predict patients' biochemical recurrence. We determined that CD73 predicts independently the prognosis of prostate cancer patients. Moreover, we determined that CD73 expression in normal adjacent tissue or in the tumor predicts differently the occurrence of biochemical recurrence. The second hypothesis is that CD73 blockade enhances the efficacy of a therapeutic vaccine against prostate cancer. The GVAX-like vaccine was studied in CD73KO mice or in combination with an antibody against CD73. We observed that the vaccine was more efficient in mice where CD73 was absent. However, the combination with the anti-CD73 did not enhances the efficacy of the vaccine.
Poirier, Valérie. ""Secourons nos enfants malades" : réponses à l'épidémie de poliomyélite à Montréal en 1946." Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3936/1/M11956.pdf.
Kocharyan, Davit. "The relevance of preoperative ultrasound cervical mapping in thyroid cancer." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18866.
Over the last 30 years, the incidence rate of thyroid cancer has drastically increased in both genders all over the world. However, due to a more dramatic pattern in females, it is estimated that by 2019 it will become the third most prevalent cancer in women of all ages. Overall, there are no clear reasons behind the worldwide increase in thyroid cancer incidence and it is hypothesized that this upsurge has a multifactorial etiology. Despite the fact that recent advances in imaging modalities such as ultrasound can lead to thyroid cancer overdiagnosis by improving the detection rate for subclinical disease, there is strong evidence indicating a true increase in the occurrence of thyroid cancer as well. Preoperative ultrasound cervical mapping, an important tool in the diagnostic algorithm of thyroid cancer, helps to identify metastatic spread in cervical lymph nodes and guides the surgeon for subsequent surgical dissection. Compartment oriented neck dissection directed by ultrasound mapping decreases locoregional tumor recurrence and lowers the risk of postsurgical complications. We conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis of ultrasound mapping to evaluate this test’s diagnostic reliability. Our results demonstrated that the positive predictive value of this diagnostic modality was sufficiently high and that there was a strong quantitative association between ultrasound mapping and histopathology results. We therefore recommend that ultrasound mapping be used to target patients with a higher risk of persistent or recurrent thyroid cancer.
Brideau-Laughlin, Diane. "A point-prevalence survey of antimicrobial utilisation within New Brunswick hospitals to focus antimicrobial stewardship efforts and decrease low-value care." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11885.
Chebekoue, Sandrine Fleur. "Développement de seuils toxicologiques et prédiction de doses internes pour l’exposition professionnelle aux substances organiques à partir de leurs structures moléculaires." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22577.