Academic literature on the topic 'Valeur de Owen'
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Journal articles on the topic "Valeur de Owen"
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De Vlieger, Bertille. "La valeur de la connaissance des émotions." Labyrinth 21, no. 1 (2019): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.25180/lj.v21i1.173.
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The Value of the Emotional Knowledge Emotional knowledge is a form of self-knowledge which holds great interest for ordinary individuals. It is not obtained by any obligation but rather because we think it is crucial to obtain (Cassam 2017). In this article it is a matter of demonstrating that emotional knowledge holds an instrumental and a prudential value. By arguing that it can allow a control over our emotions, I shall maintain that emotional knowledge affects individual marginalization or acceptance in society. In addition, this type of knowledge is revealing of our personality by allowing us to identify our affective identities. Finally, I shall defend the idea that emotional knowledge contributes to the conduct of a good life. As such, my hypothesis could be viewed as incompatible with widespread ideas (Montaigne 2019), according to which the knowledge of our own emotions can trigger negative emotional states, e.g. mental rumination, anxiety, that do not contribute to our well-being.
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Bae, Gutaek, Soonsun Park, and Youngmi Jin. "The Relationship between Child Values and Happiness of Early Childhood Parents: Actor Effect and Partner Effect." J-INSTITUTE 8 (August 31, 2023): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22471/value.2023.8.13.
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Purpose: This study examined the relationship between child value and happiness among parents of infants and toddlers in the 6th and 7th waves of the Korean Child Panel Survey. 
 Method: We conducted an analysis of self and other interdependence model(APIM) to test the self-effect and partner-effect of parents of infants and toddlers.
 Results: The results of the self-effect and partner-effect tests of mothers' and fathers' perceived parental child value on happiness showed that mothers' and fathers' perceived child value had a significant positive effect on their own happiness. In addition, the interaction effect of mothers' and fathers' perceived child value on happiness was significant only for the negative effect of fathers' perceived child value on mothers' happiness. We also found significant differences in the self-effect and partner-effect of parental values on happiness, with mothers' happiness being influenced more by their own parental values than by their fathers' parental values.
 Conclusion: The significance of this study is that it verified the effect of parents' child value on their own happiness, which has been lacking in the literature. Therefore, this study provides implications for the establishment of government childcare policies to improve the happiness of parents of infants and toddlers and for parent education in early childhood education institutions, and provides a basis for future research and programs to improve the happiness of parents of infants and toddlers.
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Kałużny, Ryszard. "The man’s courage and valour in the biblical and contemporary times." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 189, no. 4 (2018): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0719.
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The article attempts to analyse and interpret the man’s behaviour (actions) in different situations of threat and in different historical epochs. These are behaviours which can be described as heroic, courageous, valorous and dauntless, aimed at defending other people and bringing help at the risk of endangering one’s own life and health. The analysis covered the helpful behaviour of the Good Samaritan and David’s defensive combat from the Biblical period and, from the contemporary times, a certain priest’s behaviour during the black smallpox epidemic in Wrocław and Antoni Zdrojewski’s defensive combat during the Second World War
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Gordon, W. Terrence. "Bridging Saussurean structuralism and British linguistic thought." Historiographia Linguistica 21, no. 1-2 (1994): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.21.1-2.07gor.
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Summary British linguistic thought in the first half of the 20th century reacted against the Saussurean oppositions signifiant/signifié, langue/parole, and signification/valeur. Ogden & Richards (1923) reject them on epistemological, orthological, and terminological grounds. For Bronislaw Malinowski meaning in a pre-literate language cannot be described by the dyadic sign. Alan H. Gardiner too rejects this concept of the sign, but he modifies langue/parole and synchronie/diachronie to make them complementary. J. R. Firth rejects most of the Saussurean canon, but the starting point of his own line of analysis proves to be indistinguishable from the same brand of functionalism. The connection between the British linguistic tradition and Saussure therefore displays a full range of positions from incompatibility to unwilling and unwitting compatibility.
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Simon, Sandro. "Rhythming Volatilities." Social Anthropology/Anthropologie Sociale 31, no. 4 (2023): 134–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/saas.2023.310409.
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Abstract ‘We have twelve professions’, say the Serer Niominka of the Sine-Saloum Delta, Senegal. This article traces how they have embraced two short-lived opportunities: to glean sea snails from the bycatch of industrial trawlers and to salvage fish for a fish factory. Salvaging for is about relating oneself and one's environment to capitalist value chains and feeding into them, allowing for ‘salvage accumulation’. Gleaning from, I argue, points in the opposite direction. It is about performing the marginality of remainders of capitalist value chains while redescribing their value for one's own profit. As such, gleaning can be a ‘minor tactic’ that allows one to create niches intertwined with capitalist processes and mobilise them to one's own ends. For the Serer Niominka, this article shows, both gleaning and salvaging have represented ways of exploring and valorising capitalist-induced volatilities as opportunities from ‘below’ and integrating them into their rhythmic meshwork of practice. Résumé « Nous avons douze professions » déclarent les Serer Niominka du delta Sine-Saloun au Sénégal. Cet article documente deux pratiques opportunes des habitants du Delta qui n'ont pas duré: le glanage des escargots de mer péchés accidentellement par les chalutiers industriels et le sauvetage les poissons pour les pêcheries. Sauver pour est une manière de se relier avec son environnement à la chaîne de valeur capitaliste et de s'en nourrir en permettant « l'accumulation de récupération ». Glaner de, comme je le défends ici, pointe plutôt dans la direction opposée. Il s'agit de tirer profit des restes marginaux du capitalisme en en redécrivant la valeur à son profit. Comme tel, le glanage est une tactique mineure qui permet à certains de créer des niches au sein des processus capitalistes et de mobiliser ceux-ci à ses fins propres. L'article montre que pour les Serer Niominka glaner et sauver représentent des manières d'explorer et de valoriser les volatilités induites par le capitalisme comme des opportunités « d'en-bas » et de les intégrer dans leur propre ensemble rythmé de pratiques.
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Hwang, Yujung, and Eunjoo Choi. "The Effect of Selective Attributes of Customized Cosmetics on Purchase Intention: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Perceived Natural Raw Materials." J-INSTITUTE 8 (August 31, 2023): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22471/value.2023.8.37.
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Purpose: This study presents the direction for the development of the cosmetics industry and the revitalization of the customized cosmetics industry. By using natural raw materials that are harmless to the human body as raw materials for customized cosmetics, It was conducted with the aim of raising positive awareness among consumers and inducing purchases. Customized cosmetics can contribute to solving the problem of the unemployed as small-scale start-ups are possible, Since only those with professional qualifications can manufacture customized cosmetics, We want to research how we can fulfill consumers' desire for safety and their desire to own cosmetics that are right for their skin.
 Method: A total of 306 questionnaires were administered to men and women in their 20s and 60s who had experience in purchasing cosmetics living in Korea, and a frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability analysis using Cronbach's alpha coefficient were conducted using SPSS 25.0 program as the analysis data, and an independent sample t test was conducted to test the hypotheses. We also conducted correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and mediation analysis using SPSS process macros to verify mediation effects.
 Results: First, it can be said that the higher the Awareness of selective attributes and Reliability of selective attributes of customized cosmetics, the higher the Purchase intention. Second, emphasizing the use of natural ingredients in the formulation of customized cosmetics will further enhance purchase intent. Third, since the awareness of customized cosmetics is high enough, supporting it in various ways will not only expand the market, but also allow customers to purchase customized cosmetics with confidence. Fourth, it means that the trust in the customized cosmetics formulation manager who received professional education the state had a positive effect on the choice of customized cosmetics.
 Conclusion: Using natural raw materials for customized cosmetics can contribute to solving international environmental problems, For the first time in the world, only those with professional qualifications can prepare customized cosmetics. It will be able to satisfy consumers' desire to own cosmetics that are safe and suitable for their skin. Therefore, in a situation where customized cosmetics are attracting worldwide attention, this study aims to increase consumers' positive awareness and help skin health by using harmless natural raw materials as raw materials for customized cosmetics. It will be able to suggest a direction as a new growth engine for K-beauty, Even as an international subject, it is considered to have original value.
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Englard, Izhak. "Guido (Gad) Tedeschi at Eighty: A Tribute." Israel Law Review 21, no. 3-4 (1986): 247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700009158.
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The sages held that part of a man's praise is told in his presence and all of it in his absence (BTEruvin18b). Even as Prof. Tedeschi sits before us in his valour – for so our sages have designated the age of four-score – I am well aware that he has no desire for eulogies and that he is a man who shuns honours. Indeed, only the entreaties of his students and friends moved him – with great difficulty – to participate in this festive meeting of the Academy of Sciences and Humanities. His valour is in his humility. This is the man and such has always been his chosen path. As I know him and respect him – and, I admit without shame, also love him – I shall, in deference to him, conduct myself in strictest accordance with the dictate of the sages and shall sing but the smallest part of his praises. Nevertheless, we owe it to ourselves to give an accounting of the work of this great jurist from whose well we have quaffed and who, as a rising spring, is as prolific today as in his youth.
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Braley, Alison. "Religious Rights and Québec's Ethics and Religious Culture Course." Canadian Journal of Political Science 44, no. 3 (2011): 613–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423911000515.
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Abstract.Until very recently, the “orthodox” liberal view had assumed that the right to the profession and practice of one's own religious values encompassed the right to instil particular religious values in one's children. This view has been challenged by sustained analysis of the role of children within liberal theory, given the basic tenet of the equal moral worth of persons. This strand of liberal thought questions the extent to which parental rights to direct children's upbringing can include a right to form children's basic value sets. With this challenge comes a stronger basis from which to also challenge the idea that parents may legitimately oppose certain aspects of the state-mandated curriculum on the basis that such education may impinge on the values they wish to instil in their children. This paper will examine the controversy surrounding Québec's “Ethics and Religious Culture” course within a framework that seeks to put the interest of children first, as well as how the religious rights of parents and children might be understood in this context.Résumé.Naguère, l'opinion libérale voulait que le droit à la pratique et à la profession de sa propre religion et de ses valeurs comprît le droit d'inculquer ces valeurs religieuses à ses enfants. Depuis un certain temps, cette position est remise en question à la lumière d'une analyse soutenue des droits de l'enfant, vu la primauté du tenant de l'égalité morale de tous les individus dans la pensée libérale contemporaine. Selon cette analyse, il n'est pas acquis que le droit du parent de voir à la formation de l'enfant comprenne le droit de lui imposer des valeurs de base particulières. Cette remise en question donne lieu à une réévaluation plus concrète du droit des parents de s'opposer à certains aspects du programme d'études établi par le gouvernement sous prétexte que ceux-ci nuiraient à leur droit d'inculquer des valeurs particulières à leurs enfants. La controverse au sujet du cours d'éthique et de culture religieuse au Québec est revue dans un contexte qui place en priorité le droit de l'enfant. Il est question du rapport entre les droits des parents et ceux des enfants concernant la religion et l'éducation religieuse.
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Taras, David. "The Struggle overThe Valour and the Horror: Media Power and the Portrayal of War." Canadian Journal of Political Science 28, no. 4 (1995): 725–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900019363.
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AbstractThe Valour and the Horroris a series of three documentary films describing Canadian participation during the Second World War which were aired by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) in 1992. The series aggressively challenged “official” war history, arguing that while ordinary soldiers served with dignity and bravery, the incompetence and immorality of senior British and Canadian commanders produced terrible blunders and losses and grotesque assaults against civilian populations in Germany. This article analyzes the controversy that surrounded the series, a controversy that mushroomed into a political struggle over who had the right to control “memory” and who had the right to produce and interpret “reality.” The struggle produced a Senate subcommittee investigation, placed the CBC under intense pressure and scrutiny and evoked strong reactions from veterans' groups and the journalistic and artistic communities. Three frameworks are used to assess the forces that contend against each other in media production: the hegemonic view (that the media celebrate and reinforce the dominant interests in society); the organizational or institutional perspective (that media organizations pursue their own interests even if these interests do not necessarily coincide with those of other dominant groups in society); and the journalist-centred framework (that journalists as professionals exercise considerable discretion over their own work). The article suggests that each of these perspectives can provide valuable insights, but that each by itself fails to provide a satisfactory explanation for the events. By utilizing multiple perspectives for the analysis, a wider range of questions is addressed.
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Choi, Jungsoon, Inseog Jo, and Jiyoung Seo. "The Effect of Gender Sensitivity for Self-Esteem and Protection and Convergence on Appearance Recognition Behavior of Women in Their 20s." J-Institute 8, no. 1 (2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22471/value.2023.8.1.01.
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Purpose: Unlike in the past, the modern women have destroyed the frame of stereotypes that women must be feminine and men must be masculine through their own arguments and active actions. This has resulted in changes in the women’s self-esteem as their independent tendencies have strengthened due to changes in ste-reotypes about their roles and the women's advancement into society. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of self-esteem and gender sensitivity on the appearance recognition behavior of women in their 20s.
 Method: The questionnaire items for scale development of the study were used for the women in their 20s for empirical research. The composition of the questionnaire consisted of self-esteem, gender sensitivity, appearance recognition behavior, and demographic variables. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted to in-vestigate the relationship between demographic variables, self-esteem, gender sensitivity, and appearance recognition behavior.
 Results: First, as a result of analyzing the effect of self-esteem on gender sensitivity, it turned out that positive self-esteem had a positively significant effect on gender sensitivity, and negative self-esteem had a negatively significant effect on gender sensitivity.
 Second, as a result of analyzing the effect of gender sensitivity on the appearance stereotypes, it turned out that gender positive attitude had a positively significant effect on the appearance stereotypes, and gender sen-sitivity also had a positively significant effect on the appearance stereotypes.
 Third, it turned out that gender sensitivity has a mediating effect when the positive self-esteem affects ap-pearance evaluation and respect for appearance, and the negative self-esteem affects appearance evaluation and appearance stereotypes.
 Conclusion: It is considered that the research on the direction of the beauty industry and between the classes that become direct consumers must be conducted in various ways because the gender sensitivity that women have as a human being can bring about changes in appearance recognition behavior, thereby breaking away from stereotypes about gender. It is hoped that this study will help understand the gender sensitivity of women in their 20s and contribute to the development of the beauty industry.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Valeur de Owen"
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Baffo, Boris. "Inégalités de santé liées au revenu : Utilisation de l'indice de concentration et des méthodes de décomposition sur les individus européens." Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CYUN1349.
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Cette étude vise à expliquer les inégalités liées au revenu dans la distribution de la santé auto-déclarée (SRH) en utilisant des données longitudinales EUSLIC sur la période 2004-2029. Le cadre conceptuel des déterminants sociaux de la santé développé par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS), qui structure hiérarchiquement les contextes politiques et économiques, la démographie, la position socio-économique et enfin les conditions de logement, est utilisé. Du point de vue de la théorie de l'égalité des chances, le premier ensemble de déterminants est appelé circonstances (à la base des inégalités injustes en matière de santé) et les conditions de logement, les efforts (à la base des inégalités équitables en matière de santé).Différentes variables de santé (liées à la santé sexuelle et reproductive) et différentes méthodologies ont été mises en œuvre dans les trois chapitres de cette étude. Les deux premiers chapitres sont consacrés à l'évaluation de la contribution des déterminants de la santé, sur la base d'un modèle de santé et d'une méthode de décomposition. Dans le premier chapitre, la variable de santé considérée est continue, le modèle de santé est le modèle de régression par intervalles et la méthode de décomposition est celle de Wagstaff. Dans le deuxième chapitre, la variable santé est autodéclarée, le modèle utilisé est le modèle logit ordonné, et la nouvelle méthode de décomposition provient de la valeur de Shapley et de la valeur d'Owen. Le chapitre 3 vise à comprendre les variations des inégalités de santé en fonction des inégalités dans les déterminants sociaux de la santé. La méthode de régression et de décomposition RIF a été explorée.Les trois chapitres ont montré la persistance des inégalités de santé en Europe sur la période 2004-2019. Ils montrent que les différences individuelles et régionales de revenus ont un impact significatif sur les inégalités de santé. Elles sont également les principaux moteurs de ces inégalités au cours de la période étudiée. Les résultats ont également mis en évidence la vulnérabilité de certains groupes de population (personnes n'ayant pas fait d'études secondaires, personnes âgées, retraités).En outre, les résultats ont montré le rôle important de l'accessibilité financière et de la privation matérielle non sévère dans l'explication de ces inégalités matérielles. Toutefois, lorsque l'influence des circonstances est supprimée, les contributions de l'accessibilité financière et de la privation matérielle non sévère aux conditions de logement passent de positives à négatives. En termes de politique économique, la recherche d'une redistribution équitable des revenus doit être considérée comme un pilier important de la réduction des inégalités de santé en Europe<br>This study aims to explain income-related inequalities in the distribution of self-reported health (SRH) using longitudinal EUSLIC data over the period 2004-2029. The conceptual framework of social determinants of health developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), which hierarchically structures political and economic contexts, demographics, socio-economic position and finally housing conditions, is used. From the perspective of Equality Opportunity Theory, the first set of determinants are called circumstances (at the basis of unjust inequalities in health) and housing conditions, the efforts (at the basis of fair inequalities in health).Different health variables (related to the SRH) and different methodologies have been implemented in the three chapters of this study. The first two chapters are devoted to assessing the contribution of health determinants, based on a health model and a decomposition method. In the first chapter, the health variable considered is continuous, the health model is the interval regression model, and the decomposition method is that of Wagstaff. In the second chapter, the health variable is self-reported, the model used is the ordered logit model, and the new decomposition method comes from the Shapley value and the Owen value. Chapter 3 aims to understand variations in health inequalities based on inequalities in health's social determinants. The RIF method of regression and decomposition has been explored.The three chapters have shown the persistence of health inequalities in Eu- rope over the period 2004-2019. They show that individual and regional in- come differences have a significant impact on health inequalities. They are also the main drivers over the study period. The results also highlighted the vulnerability of certain population groups (people with less than secondaryeducation, the elderly, retirees). In addition, the results showed the important role of affordability and non-severe material deprivation in explaining these material inequalities. However, when the influence of circumstances is removed, the contributions of affordability and non-severe material deprivation to housing conditions change from positive to negative. In terms of economic policy, the search for a fair redistribution of income must be seen as an important pillar for reducing health inequalities in Europe
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Humason, Jeff R. "Homeschoolers on Homeschooling: In Their Own Words." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1339532923.
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Hinz, Andreas, Winfried Häuser, Heide Glaesmer, and Elmar Brähler. "The relationship between perceived own health state and health assessments of anchoring vignettes." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-204076.
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Self-reported health depends on the internal frame of reference and on response styles. One way of studying this dependency is using anchoring vignettes. Response shift effects are assumed to induce a negative correlation between self-reported health and the health assessments attributed to the vignettes. Method: A representative sample of the German adult population (N = 2,409) was selected. Participants were asked to rate their health state and the health states of two rather complex vignettes representing patients with several health complaints on a 0-100 scale. Results: The mean score of self-assessed health was M = 76.20 (SD = 20.6). There was a very small positive correlation between the assessment of the vignettes and the self-assessed health state (r = .12). After controlling for a proxy of objective health, measured in terms of chronic conditions, the relationship remained slightly positive. Chronic conditions were only marginally associated with the assessments of the vignettes (0 conditions: M = 44.8; ≥ 2 conditions: M = 42.2). Conclusions: The lack of the postulated association between self-reported health and vignettes’ ratings means that we cannot derive tools to correct the subjective ratings for differential use of frames of reference.
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Grigoropoulou, Nikolitsa. "Our Own and the Others: What Happens to Perceptions of Immigrant Threat when Value Priorities Collide?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609152/.
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With immigration controversies increasingly found at the forefront of the European public arena, understanding the social and cultural forces driving negative perceptions of immigrants becomes a pressing task of academic scholarship. Situated within the broader theoretical framework of group-conflict theories, human values theory and social identity theory encourage different interpretations of how our interest to the welfare of the people closest to us (benevolence) and the broader human community (universalism) can inform attitudes towards immigrants. Human values theory argues for a unidirectional, negative effect of benevolence and universalism on negative perceptions of immigrants, while social identity theory suggests that, unlike universalism, benevolence would increase such perceptions. The present study seeks to examine how self-transcending human values (a.k.a. benevolence and universalism) affect perceptions of immigrant threat and whether the locus of our value priority matters. Using nationally pooled data from the European Social Survey (ESS) for 15 European countries, the results provide robust evidence that benevolence and universalism affect perceived immigrant threat in opposite directions, generally aligning with the propositions of the social identity theory. The group we place our loyalty matters. At the same time, national context matters too suggesting that grand scheme interpretations of this phenomenon fall short. Theoretical implications and future directions are further discussed.
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Johansson, Martina. "Könsroller och SJälvbild : En kvalitativ studie om några unga kvinnors syn på könsroller och könsskillnader i relation till sin egen självbild, i dagens samhälle." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Teacher Education (LUT), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-3809.
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<p><em>Syftet </em>med föreliggande studie var att ge en djupare förståelse för några unga kvinnors syn på könsroller och könsskillnader i relation till sin egen självbild, i dagens samhälle. De <em>frågeställningar</em> studien baserats på var: Hur uppfattade de unga kvinnorna könsskillnader och könsroller i samhället? På vilket sätt har de tagit till sig dessa i sin egen könsroll? Hur såg kvinnorna på sina framtida möjligheter som ung kvinna idag? Teoretiskt utgick studien främst från ett socialpsykologiskt perspektiv och forskning om utveckling av självbilden, men även utvecklingspsykologisk och kognitiv forskning till viss del. Det metodologiska angreppssätt som användes var en semistrukturerad intervjumetod. Intervjuernas längd varierade mellan</p><p>25 – 45 minuter och urvalet bestod av fyra kvinnliga studenter. Resultatet visade att intervjupersonerna upplevde att det fanns könsroller och könsskillnader i dagens samhälle, att detta påverkade relationerna till andra människor och att kraven på den unga kvinnan var stora. Resultatet visade även att det egna valet, att göra det man själv vill, var viktigt för intervjupersonerna. Diskussionen berörde det egna valet, utveckling av en självbild, den kvinnliga könsrollen och samhällets krav på den unga kvinnan.</p><br><p><em>The purpose </em>of this study was to get a deeper understanding of some young women’s visions of gender roles and gender differences in relation to their own self image, in today’s society. The <em>questions </em>that the study was based on were: How did the young women apprehend gender differences and gender roles in the society? In which ways had they put these in their own gender role? How did the women look at their future possibilities as a young woman today? Theoretically the study mainly assumed from a social psychologically point of view and research about the development of the self image, but also assumed from research in developmental psychology and cognitive psychology at some points. The methodologically approach used, was a semi structured interview method. The length of the interviews differed between 25 - 45 minutes and the selection consisted of four female students. The results of the study revealed that the informants experienced that there were gender roles and gender differences in today’s society, which effects the relations to other people and that the demands put on the young female gender were considered large. The results also revealed that one’s own choice, to do what you wish, was important to the informants. The discussion touched one’s own choice, development of a self image, the female gender role and the demands of the society put on young women.</p>
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Travers, Marion. "Le dommage causé à soi-même en droit public." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR1013/document.
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Le dommage causé à soi-même a très longtemps constitué un sujet hors du droit, synonyme de stigmatisation morale ou de fatalité. Depuis la fin du XXème siècle, c’est un enjeu essentiel des politiques publiques qui fait encore aujourd’hui l’objet d’un débat éthique et juridique. D’une part, la volonté de se causer un dommage exprime les aspirations de l’homme contemporain à obtenir la maîtrise de son corps, qu’il s’agisse de choisir le temps et les conditions de sa mort, de revendiquer des pratiques masochistes ou bien de faire don de ses organes. D’autre part, cette prise de risque dommageable pour soi révèle très souvent une opposition de l’État et de la société en général, en raison de l’atteinte susceptible d’être portée aux valeurs sociales et aux équilibres budgétaires. En tant que sources croissantes de préoccupation, les manifestations et les limites du dommage causé à soi-même méritent d’être soumises à l’étude de leur contexte historique, social et juridique<br>The damage caused to oneself was for a very long time a topic outside the law, as a synonym for moral stigmatization or for fate. Since the end of the XXth century, it is an essential public policy issue that is the object even today of an ethical and legal debate. On the one hand, the will to harm oneself reflects the aspiration of the contemporary man to have the control of its body, that it is a question of choosing the time and the conditions of its death or claiming masochistic practices or donating organs. On the other hand, this harmful risk-taking for oneself reveals frequently an opposition of the State and more generally of the society, because of the potential violation of the social values and the budget balances. As increasing sources of concerns, the manifestations and the limits of the damage caused to oneself deserve to be subjected to the study of their historic, social and legal context
Books on the topic "Valeur de Owen"
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Academy, Canadian Defence, and Canada. Canadian Armed Forces. Wing, 17, eds. In their own words: Canadian stories of valour and bravery from Afghanistan, 2001-2007. Canadian Defence Academy Press, 2013.
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M, Andrews Lewis. To thine own self be true: The relationship between spiritual values and emotional health. Doubleday, 1989.
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van Donselaar, Gijs, Peter Rijpkema, and Henri Wijsbek. The Ethics of Determining One’s Own Death. Amsterdam University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5117/9789048569250.
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This collection brings together key contributions on the ethics of end-of-life decisions, inspired by the publication of ‘What Kind of Death: The Ethics of Determining One’s Own Death’, a new standard work by professor Govert den Hartogh. The topics covered reflect the book’s comprehensive approach, with its central themes explored by ethicists, legal experts, and medical professionals. The various contributions offer a thorough examination of the major steps in Den Hartogh’s ‘dual track approach’. This collection serves as a valuable supplement to the book and an important contribution to the ongoing debate about patient self-determination and well-being as foundational values in the ethics of determining one’s own death.
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Zielenziger, Michael. Shutting out the sun: How Japan created its own lost generation. Nan A. Talese, 2006.
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Zielenziger, Michael. Shutting out the sun: How Japan created its own lost generation. Nan A. Talese, 2007.
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Del Punta, Riccardo, ed. Valori e tecniche nel diritto del lavoro. Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-484-7.
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The volume collects the papers, duly revised and equipped with footnotes, presented at the conference "Values and Techniques in Labour Law", which was held in Florence on 20 and 21 September 2019, with the ambition to bring together in a single debate, although addressed by different perspectives, the topic of values and that of legal techniques, which often tend to proceed on their own ways, without seizing the reciprocal relationships. The volume is divided into four sections ("The values of labour law", "The employer’s powers and their limits", "The dismissals", "The non-standard and flexible contracts"), which explains the diversity of the thematic approaches but also the useful overlaps between the essays and the recurrence of some topics, first of all that of dismissal.
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Schouten, Regina. The Anatomy of Justice. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780191999772.001.0001.
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Abstract This book develops a novel approach to theorizing liberal egalitarian justice. On the orthodox approach, a theory of justice comprises a set of normative principles to guide the design and workings of social institutions. The book argues that we should redirect the flow of theoretical attention to the values that normative principles aim to realize: We should aim for theory to provide evaluative discernment rather than normative principles. The term “values,” simply picks out the things that matter. Among the things that matter to egalitarians are civic relationships of a certain character and fair distributions of social goods. This redirection on its own is purely methodological: Those thinking about justice should take a longer look at what things matter—and what reasons those things furnish and how their mattering stacks up against the mattering of other things that matter—before they turn to the work of trying to systematize those answers in the form of principles for the design of political institutions. The book argues for that methodological reorientation in harness with a substantive way of filling it out with liberal egalitarian values. This proposed combination of schema and values, “the anatomy of justice,” comprises a modular approach to theorizing justice across circumstances of justice and deep injustice. The case for the anatomy of justice rests on what it can do: The anatomy resolves longstanding difficulties internal to liberal egalitarianism, provides unified but circumstance-responsive guidance for improving unjust societies, and supports compelling defenses of liberalism against feminist and egalitarian critics.
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Birkin, Jane. Archive, Photography and the Language of Administration. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729642.
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This alternative study of archive and photography brings many types of image assemblages into view, always in relation to the regulated systems operating within the institutional milieu. The archive catalogue is presented as a critical tool for mapping image time, and the language of image description is seen as having a life, a worth and an aesthetic value of its own. Functioning at the intersection of text and image, the book combines media culture, archival techniques, and contemporary discourse on art and conceptual writing.
Book chapters on the topic "Valeur de Owen"
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Griseri, Paul. "Ethics as its Own Worst Enemy." In Managing Values. Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26419-3_12.
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Bellina, Lidia, and Sauro Garzi. "Il lavoro ‘educato’ in Robert Owen." In Idee di lavoro e di ozio per la nostra civiltà. Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0319-7.74.
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Work is at the heart of Owen's universal model of society. Community heritage and measurement of the value of goods. Owen considers manual work as a barrier to the effects of the uncontrolled production of machines. He defines "circumstances" significant for the formation of character, made competent and rewarding by education, alternating with "rational recreation", the antithesis of idleness related to intemperance and uselessness.
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Tausch, Arno. "The Scientific Background to Our Own Empirical Study." In Political Islam and Religiously Motivated Political Extremism. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24854-2_3.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we amply debate the contributions on “political Islam” in the leading peer-reviewed journals of social science. We discuss contributions by Francois Burgat, but also Jocelyne Cesari, John Esposito, Gilles Kepel and Oliver Roy clearly outline which important value patterns the adherents of political Islam represent (five items from the Arab Barometer) and which political movements and governments of countries are to be assigned to the extension of the phenomenon. Of special importance is the study by Harvard Professor Melanie Cammett (Cammett et al., 2020), which deals explicitly with political Islam and political values in the Arab world using data from the Arab Barometer. The empirical analyses of Cammett et al. (2020), use longitudinal data from the Arab Barometer as well as data from the World Values Survey 2015. We also debate the contributions by such authors as Fox et al. (2016), Achilov (2016); as well as empirical contributions by Driessen (2018), Kucinskas and Van Der Does (2017); a highly interesting Iranian paper, authored by Rahbarqazi and Mahmoudoghli (2020); and the Tessler (2010), study. All these studies were very valuable in the formation of our own empirical research.
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Cooley, Dennis R. "How Should We Feel About Our Own Death?" In Death’s Values and Obligations: A Pragmatic Framework. Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7264-8_5.
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Rabinowicz, W., and T. Rønnow-Rasmussen. "A Distinction in Value: Intrinsic and for Its Own Sake." In Recent Work on Intrinsic Value. Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3846-1_10.
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Ng, Yew-Kwang. "Happiness as the Only Intrinsic Value." In Happiness—Concept, Measurement and Promotion. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4972-8_5.
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AbstractAs happiness is directly experienced by the individual as valuable, its normative value needs no additional justification. Things like institutions and moral principles may be used to promote happiness directly and indirectly. In time, they may be mistakenly valued for their own sake, while ultimately their values should be based on their contribution to happiness. We are born, brought up, and socially influenced to have certain preferences which are largely consistent with our own happiness. Where they diverge, then apart from the effects on the happiness in the future and of others (hence really no divergence in the longer/wider perspective of happiness), ultimately it is happiness that is really consistent with rationality. Arguments for happiness as the only intrinsic value are made and defended against objections or opposite arguments (including ‘Rather be unhappy Socrates than a happy pig’, Kant's categorical imperatives, Rawls’ maximin, etc.). The apparent acceptability of these opposing positions is due either to our imperfect rationality and/or inadequate account on the effects in the future and on others.
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Kivle, Benedicte Maria Tveter, and Gry Espedal. "Identifying Values Through Discourse Analysis." In Researching Values. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90769-3_10.
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AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to show how values can be identified through discourse analysis. To elaborate on this, we describe what discourse analysis is by drawing on theoretical contributions and earlier writings on the approach. Discourse analysis is presented here by three traditions with different theoretical and methodological connotations. The three approaches are structural-semantic discourse analysis, critical discourse analysis and discursive psychology. The different approaches are analysed and presented through an example text discussing the managerial model of trust-based leadership within the public sector in Scandinavia. The description of the approaches to discourse analysis gives the reader an understanding of the available choices of approaches within discourse analysis and how the different theoretical groundings make way for identifying values differently. In this chapter, readers are offered a framework for placing their own research projects within the three traditions of discourse analysis.
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Keen, Justine, and Richard J. Shaw. "Recovery and Cultural Values: On Our Own Terms (A Dialogue)." In International Perspectives in Values-Based Mental Health Practice. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47852-0_23.
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AbstractThe chapter is about recovery in the sense of achieving a good quality of life as defined by what is important to (i.e. the values of) those concerned rather than by professional and service delivery priorities (Allott, P., What is mental health, illness and recovery, Ch 1. In: Ryan T, Pritchard J (eds) Good practice in adult mental health. Good practice series 10. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, London, 2004; Slade M., et al., World Psychiatry 13:12–20, 2014). The narrative is in the form of a dialogue between two people, both with extensive experience of severe long-term mental health issues. Unscripted and unedited the dialogue captures both the challenges and resources for recovery arising from the different cultures in which the authors have found themselves. Their experiences reinforce the well-established but too often unheeded conclusion that key drivers of recovery are factors such as companionship, having somewhere to live, and control over what happens to you (including what if any medication may be helpful).
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Kerr, Don, and Christian Koch. "A Creative and Useful Tension? Large Companies Using “Bring Your Own Device”." In Creating Value for All Through IT. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43459-8_11.
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Hogan, Pádraig. "Uncovering Education as a Practice in Its Own Right." In Defending the Value of Education as a Public Good. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003386100-3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Valeur de Owen"
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Genenz, Ulrike, Neelanjana Anne, Zeynep Kılıç, et al. "Why Teach Quantum on Your Own Time: The Values of Grassroots Organisations Involved in Quantum Technologies Education and Outreach." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/qce60285.2024.20462.
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Li, Shujin, Xiaoning Li, and Qiang Zhang. "The Extension of Owen Coalition Value." In 2008 Fourth International Conference on Natural Computation. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnc.2008.130.
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Giménez, José Miguel, and María Albina Puente. "A New Procedure to Calculate the Owen Value." In 6th International Conference on Operations Research and Enterprise Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006113702280233.
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Giménez, José Miguel, and María Albina Puente. "A New Procedure to Calculate the Owen Value." In 6th International Conference on Operations Research and Enterprise Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006113700001482.
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Giménez, José, and María Puente. "The Owen and the Owen-Banzhaf Values Applied to the Study of the Madrid Assembly and the Andalusian Parliament in Legislature 2015-2019." In 8th International Conference on Operations Research and Enterprise Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007297000450052.
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Giménez, José, and María Puente. "The Owen and the Owen-Banzhaf Values Applied to the Study of the Madrid Assembly and the Andalusian Parliament in Legislature 2015-2019." In 8th International Conference on Operations Research and Enterprise Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007297000002104.
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Uchida, Takahisa, Takashi Minato, and Hiroshi Ishiguro. "Does a Conversational Robot Need to Have its own Values?" In HAI '16: The Fourth International Conference on Human Agent Interaction. ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2974804.2974830.
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Donovan, D. P., J. A. Whiteway, and A. I. Carswell. "Correction for Nonlinear Photon Counting Effects in Lidar Systems." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1991.owe7.
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Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) employed in the photon counting (PC) mode of operation are widely used as detectors in lidar systems. Their use, however is restricted mainly to conditions where the signal levels are relatively low and the responses of the PMT and the pulse discrimination/counting system are linear. It is well known that in this low light level regime, where the signal-to-noise (S/N) levels approach unity, the inherent S/N for photon counting is better than that obtained from other detection techniques. A problem encountered with such systems however is the rapid degradation of performance as the signal levels increase. In such situations the photon counting response becomes non-linear and the output count value is no longer proportional to the incident light intensity. In our laboratory we have developed a versatile Nd:YAG lidar which is used for measurements of both the middle atmosphere and the troposphere. [1] With this system we encounter a very wide range of signal levels ranging from the extremely weak signals from the top of the mesosphere to the very strong returns from low level clouds.
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Kastratović, Edita, Milan Dragić, and Milan Vemić. "Entrepreneurial Competencies of Students in Serbia." In Values, Competencies and Changes in Organizations. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-442-2.29.
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Entrepreneurship represents a significant potential for economic development of countries in transition. Knowledge and will are the basis of every successful enterprise. The development and organization of educational systems and processes is an indispensable factor for the development of entrepreneurship. The paper analyzes the entrepreneurial competencies of students of an economic educational profile in terms of basic knowledge acquired by the education system. The aim of the work is the analysis of entrepreneurial competence and readiness of students during and after schooling to start their own business.
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Singh, Sushila, and A. D. Shaligram. "Optical Processing System for Industrial Process Control Application." In Optical Computing. Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optcomp.1993.owe.7.
Full textReports on the topic "Valeur de Owen"
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Ahmed, S. Amer, Thomas Hertel, and Ruben Lubowski. Calibration of a Land Cover Supply Function Using Transition Probabilities. GTAP Research Memoranda, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.rm14.
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In the GTAP-AEZ framework the supply of land across different uses is determined through a Constant Elasticity of Transformation (CET) supply function, where land cover is allocated across forestry, grazing and crops, followed by the allocation of harvested area across cropping activities. This research memorandum describes the empirically based calibration strategy used to determine the CET value for the land cover allocation nest dealing with the broader three commercial uses, and examines how land use responsiveness and the parameter value evolve over time. The calibration is accomplished using the GTAP Land Use Database and time paths of land quantities by use over a 100 year period. These land quantity projections are, in turn, based on matrices of land use transition probabilities and own return elasticities of transition probabilities for the USA. We find that over time there is a rise in the land use response to increases in own-returns and in own return elasticities, while there is a fall in the calibrated CET value. The value of the CET parameter decreases at a decreasing rate every five-year period, although it can be approximated by a linear relationship in the short to medium run. We can use this linear interpolation to estimate the average CET parameter associated with any desired length of run.
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Ruiz de Gauna, Itziar, Anil Markandya, Laura Onofri, et al. Economic Valuation of the Ecosystem Services of the Mesoamerican Reef, and the Allocation and Distribution of these Values. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003289.
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Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth. The Mesoamerican Reef contains the largest barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere. However, its health is threatened, so there is a need for a management and sustainable conservation. Key to this is knowing the economic value of the ecosystem. “Mainstreaming the value of natural capital into policy decision-making is vital” The value of environmental and natural resources reflects what society is willing to pay for a good or service or to conserve natural resources. Conventional economic approaches tended to view value only in terms of the willingness to pay for raw materials and physical products generated for human production and consumption (e.g. fish, mining materials, pharmaceutical products, etc.). As recognition of the potential negative impacts of human activity on the environment became more widespread, economists began to understand that people might also be willing to pay for other reasons beyond the own current use of the service (e.g. to protect coral reefs from degradation or to know that coral reefs will remain intact in the future). As a result of this debate, Total Economic Value (TEV) became the most widely used and commonly accepted framework for classifying economic benefits of ecosystems and for trying to integrate them into decision-making. This report estimates the economic value of the following goods and services provided by the MAR's coral reefs: Tourism & Recreation, Fisheries, Shoreline protection. To our knowledge, the inclusion of non-use values in the economic valuation of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System is novel, which makes the study more comprehensive.
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Böhm, Franziska, Ingrid Jerve Ramsøy, and Brigitte Suter. Norms and Values in Refugee Resettlement: A Literature Review of Resettlement to the EU. Malmö University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178771776.
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As a result of the refugee reception crisis in 2015 the advocacy for increasing resettlement numbers in the overall refugee protection framework has gained momentum, as has research on resettlement to the EU. While the UNHCR purports resettlement as a durable solution for the international protection of refugees, resettlement programmes to the European Union are seen as a pillar of the external dimension of the EU’s asylum and migration policies and management. This paper presents and discusses the literature regarding the value transmissions taking place within these programmes. It reviews literature on the European resettlement process – ranging from the selection of refugees to be resettled, the information and training they receive prior to travelling to their new country of residence, their reception upon arrival, their placement and dispersal in the receiving state, as well as programs of private and community sponsorship. The literature shows that even if resettlement can be considered an external dimension of European migration policy, this process does not end at the border. Rather, resettlement entails particular forms of reception, placement and dispersal as well as integration practices that refugees are confronted with once they arrive in their resettlement country. These practices should thus be understood in the context of the resettlement regime as a whole. In this paper we map out where and how values (here understood as ideas about how something should be) and norms (expectations or rules that are socially enforced) are transmitted within this regime. ‘Value transmission’ is here understood in a broad sense, taking into account the values that are directly transmitted through information and education programmes, as well as those informing practices and actors’ decisions. Identifying how norms and values figure in the resettlement regime aid us in further understanding decision making processes, policy making, and the on-the-ground work of practitioners that influence refugees’ lives. An important finding in this literature review is that vulnerability is a central notion in international refugee protection, and even more so in resettlement. Ideas and practices regarding vulnerability are, throughout the resettlement regime, in continuous tension with those of security, integration, and of refugees’ own agency. The literature review and our discussion serve as a point of departure for developing further investigations into the external dimension of value transmission, which in turn can add insights into the role of norms and values in the making and un-making of (external) boundaries/borders.
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Aldonas, Grant. Regional Integration behind the Border: Applying a Value Chain Approach. Inter-American Development Bank, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011302.
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This paper outlines a methodology for assessing the cost of internal and external obstacles affecting the performance of the value chains serving local producers in developing countries as a means of identifying high impact interventions that would contribute to the country's successful integration into regional and global markets. The objective is to create a single measure of the effect of such barriers in order to illustrate the value of examining internal reforms (i.e., those steps essential to regional integration "behind the border") as well as export barriers in developing a regional integration strategy that makes sense in the context of the accelerating integration of global markets. The methodology employed uses tools applied by global firms in assessing their own operations and in making critical sourcing decisions. This paper was presented at Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 5th Annual Meeting held in Singapore on July 15th, 2009.
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Hoy, Michael D. Herons and Egrets. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7208742.ws.
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Herons and egrets commonly cause damage at aquaculture facilities and recreational fishing waters where fish are held at high densities. Fish-eating birds also can have an impact on intensively managed sport fisheries. Damage occurs when herons and egrets feed on fish purchased and released for recreational sport fishing activities. Values of these fish can be quite high given the intensity of management activities and the direct relationship of fishery quality to property value. Herons and egrets are freshwater or coastal birds of the family Ardeidae. Herons and egrets discussed in this section are all piscivorous. They are opportunistic feeders, however, and will consume small amphibians, insects, and reptiles. Due to these food preferences, herons and egrets are attracted to shallow lakes and human-made impoundments. Native bird species are covered under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) and given federal protection. Depredation permits can be obtained through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In addition, individual states may require their own permits for legal take of these bird species.
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Le, Trinh, and Thomas Benison. Do New Zealand home equity release schemes provide value for money? Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29310/wp.2024.03.
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Home equity release refers to financial products that allow people to access the equity that is tied up in their own homes. Home equity is a large part of household wealth in New Zealand, making it an important asset that could potentially be used to fund retirement. However, the take-up of equity release products such as reverse mortgages is very low. This research examines whether home equity release schemes currently available in the New Zealand market provide value for money and how they might provide a suitable form of retirement income for some people. The available data confirm the existence of many households with low retirement income and high housing wealth, highlighting those who stand to potentially gain from home equity release. Assessments of the features and costs of current home release schemes, alongside worked examples using realistic values, highlight the scenarios when home equity release may (or may not) be beneficial. Depending on current circumstances and future financial needs, home equity release may be a suitable form of retirement income for some retirees but not for others.
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Filippou, Ilias, James Mitchell, and My T. Nguyen. The FOMC versus the Staff: Do Policymakers Add Value in Their Tales? Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202320.
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Using close to 40 years of textual data from FOMC transcripts and the Federal Reserve staff's Greenbook/Tealbook, we extend Romer and Romer (2008) to test if the FOMC adds information relative to its staff forecasts not via its own quantitative forecasts but via its words. We use methods from natural language processing to extract from both types of document text-based forecasts that capture attentiveness to and sentiment about the macroeconomy. We test whether these text-based forecasts provide value-added in explaining the distribution of outcomes for GDP growth, the unemployment rate, and inflation. We find that FOMC tales about macroeconomic risks do add value in the tails, especially for GDP growth and the unemployment rate. For inflation, we find value-added in both FOMC point forecasts and narrative, once we extract from the text a broader set of measures of macroeconomic sentiment and risk attentiveness.
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Angood, Peter. “Profiles in Success”: Certified Physician Executives Share the Value and ROI of their CPE Education. American Association for Physician Leadership, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55834/wp.8139640919.
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The value of physician leadership is self-evident. Physician-led hospitals and health systems outperform their non-physician-led peers in objective measures of quality of care, patient experience, and cost of care. Health system and hospital leaders recognize that more physician leaders are needed and are investing in physician leadership development programs to address that need. The impact, value, and benefits of these programs are understudied topics, and research is needed to identify the return-on-investment that organizations can expect. AAPL is well-positioned to take a lead in this important research. To that end, AAPL began documenting the value of its own Certified Physician Executive (CPE) credential in 2023 when it surveyed program alumni to identify the organizational impacts of their leadership since completing the program.
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Ter-Minassian, Teresa. Reform Priorities for Sub-national Revenues in Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008416.
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This paper surveys the system of sub-national own revenues and the inter- governmental transfer system (including the sharing of oil revenues) in Brazil, highlighting their critical flaws. The latter include heavy reliance on a mixed- origin/destination-based value-added tax and many sub-national governments' inadequate exploitation of the tax bases assigned to them. The paper then discusses reform priorities, outlining a comprehensive reform strategy and some initial steps that could be taken toward its implementation in the near term, as well as related political economy considerations.
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Rigby, Dan, Michael Burton, Katherine Payne, Zachary Payne-Thompson, Stuart Wright, and Sarah O’Brien. Impacts of Food Hypersensitivities on Quality of Life in the UK and Willingness to Pay (WTP) to remove those impacts. Food Standards Agency, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.kij502.
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This project concerns the impacts of food hypersensitivity on people’s quality of life and the monetary value people assign to the removal of those impacts. Food hypersensitivities (FHS) are, in this report, defined as comprising food allergy, coeliac disease and food intolerance. Estimates of the economic value of removal of food hypersensitivity were generated from a stated preference (SP) survey in which people completed a discrete choice experiment (DCE). The DCE comprised of choices between (i) no change in respondents’ food hypersensitivity and (ii) the condition being removed for a specified period, at a cost. The surveys were conducted between July and December 2021 by adults regarding their own food hypersensitivity or by parents/carers regarding their child’s food hypersensitivity. The samples comprised 1426 adults and 716 parents. The average WTP for the removal of an adult’s FHS for a year, pooled across all conditions was £718. For models estimated separately by condition, the WTP values for food allergy, coeliac disease and food intolerance were £1064, £1342 and £540 respectively. In models estimated on DCE data from parents regarding their children’s food hypersensitivity the average WTP, pooled across all conditions, was £2501. The annual WTP values by condition were: £2766 for food allergy; £1628 for coeliac disease; £1689 for food intolerance. Respondents rated their (child’s) health and the impacts of their (child’s) FHS using several established instruments including the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire (FAQLQ); Food Intolerance Quality of Life Questionnaire (FIQLQ); Coeliac Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire, (CDQ). In the adult allergy and intolerance models we find robust evidence of effects of the perceived severity of FHS on WTP – the higher people’s FAQLQ and FIQLQ scores, the more they are willing to pay to remove their condition. There was no effect of variation in the CDQ score on WTP to remove coeliac disease. In the child WTP results we find condition-severity effects in the coeliac sample: the worse the child’s CDQ score the higher the parents’ WTP to remove the condition. The WTP values are estimates of the combined annual costs associated with (i) the intangible costs including the pain, anxiety, inconvenience and anxiety caused by FHS and (ii) additional incurred costs (time and money) and lost earnings. The values can be incorporated into the FSA Cost of Illness (COI) model, the Burden of Foodborne disease in the UK (Opens in a new window) which is currently used to measure the annual, social, cost of foodborne disease. A Best Worst Scaling (BWS) exercise was conducted to identify the relative importance of the many and diverse impacts which comprise the FAQLQ, FIQLQ and CDQ instruments. The BWS results indicate that people assign very different levels of importance to the impacts comprising the three instruments. This unequal prioritisation contrasts with the equal weighting used in the construction of the FAQLQ, FIQLQ and CDQ measures. Embarrassment and fear related to eating out or social situations feature in the top three impacts for all the conditions. Identifying the effects which most affect quality of life (from the perspective of people living with those conditions) has the potential to inform policy and practice by both regulators and private organisations such as food business operators.