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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Valency

Academic literature on the topic 'Valency'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Valency"

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Худайбердиевна Мухамедова, Саодат, and Солихова Озода Сойибжоновна. "On medium valence in the uzbek language." SCIENTIFIC WORK 66, no. 05 (May 20, 2021): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/66/9-13.

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This work examines the types of valence in the Uzbek language. The verb - predicate, on the basis of its valence, at the request of communication, accepts its actants, realizing the semes that make up its semantics. An actant of a certain valency is considered a specific member of the sentence. Thus, valency is the intersection of grammar and vocabulary, syntax and semantics. It is for this reason that it is considered from two points of view, studied by dividing it into two types: semantic valence and syntactic valence. But in the Uzbek language there are other types of valence, for the Uzbek language, being an agglutinative language, like other Turkic languages, has a peculiar structure and semantics. Key words: valency, semantics, compatibility, actant, predicate, sentence model, semantic valency, syntactic valency, valency of the grammatical form of a word, mediated valence

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Sleight, Arthur W. "Valency, valence degeneracy, ferroelectricity, and superconductivity." Progress in Solid State Chemistry 37, no. 4 (December 2009): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2010.08.001.

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Mudrinich, S. "Valency of the Words of Semantics of State in Ukrainian and English Languages." Studia Linguistica, no. 12 (2018): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2018.12.74-84.

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The article studies the point of the levels of valency of the words of semantics of state with further comparative analysis of their valency in Ukrainian and English languages. The meaning of categorical valency and lexical compatibility of the words of semantics of state in both languages are being analyzed. The notion of lexical and syntactic valency of the words of semantics of state in Ukrainian and English languages is being determined. Defining the lecxical valency of the word aware, we used data about its syntactic valency and investigated its lexical compatibility. When we considering lexical valency, the lexical filling of syntactic valency models and the lexical filling of the Sub – St Prdv і Sub – StAttr syntactic constructions were traced. The lexical valency of the word булострашно (was scary) and its synonyms is being defined. The word of semantics of state було страшно (was scary) and its synonyms have the following types of syntactic valence: predicative valency (V ↔ StPrd), subjective valency (Obj′→ StPrd), object valency (St Prd/Attr/Com → Obj). The method of determing the lexical, syntactic, categorical valency of the words of semantics of state in Ukrainian language is the same as in the English language. To establish the categorial valency of the words of semantics of state, the words that belong to the main part-language digits of the words of semantics of state were analized, on the basis of which the words of semantics of state in the English language were formed: it is dangerous, it is comfortable, asleeр, afraid. The syntactic valency of the word of semantics of state aware and the units with which it is connected were considered from the point of view of connectivity of the word awarein the language, and the syntactic valency of the word of semantics of stateбуло страшно (was scary) and its synonyms and words with which it comes into contact was also figured out.

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Zhao, Qianying, and Jingyang Jiang. "Verb valency in interlanguage: An extension to valency theory and new perspective on L2 learning." Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 56, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 339–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psicl-2020-0010.

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AbstractValency theory has been applied to investigate various languages, such as German, Chinese and English. However, most studies in this field were based on the linguistic materials produced by native speakers. The current research aimed to examine the valency structures in the interlanguage. Based on the English writing produced by L2 Chinese learners, we adopted the quantitative approach, trying to find out whether the distributional features of verb valency in the interlanguage also had regular probability distributions as those in the native languages, and whether there was a relationship between these valency distributional characteristics and L2 learners’ language competence. It was found that (1) verb valency in the interlanguage followed distributional regularities which had been identified in the native languages; (2) the valency features showed differences in the diversity of valency patterns, the use of valences and the complexity of forms of complements between the interlanguage and the target language; (3) the distribution functions and parameters related to verb valency could manifest the development of students’ language competence. The current research has extended valency theory to the study of interlanguage and the valency perspective has profound methodological and pedagogical implications for L2 learning. Its item-specific property and the integration of grammatical and lexical factors are conducive to analyzing the way various words combine with each other.

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Haugen, Tor Arne. "Adjectival valency as valency constructions." Constructions and Frames 5, no. 1 (August 5, 2013): 35–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.5.1.02hau.

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The article offers new data to the debate on lexical vs. constructional approaches to valency. Research on valency has mainly been concerned with verbs, and in this article it is argued that the neglected area of adjectival valency can shed some new light on this fundamental question. Among the evidence in favour of a constructional approach are the considerable differences in the possibilities of valency realisation between adjectives in attributive and in predicative function. It is also argued that a constructional approach allows for a more principled treatment of polysemy between valency variants.

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Plank, Frans, and Aditi Lahiri. "Macroscopic and microscopic typology: Basic Valence Orientation, more pertinacious than meets the naked eye." Linguistic Typology 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 1–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2015-0001.

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AbstractBasic Valence Orientation has been suggested as a typological parameter by Nichols, Peterson, & Barnes (2004). Generalising over the entire lexicon, the idea is that languages can be distinguished as transitivising or detransitivising, depending on whether their verbs are basically intransitive or transitive and the opposite valency values require some means of derivation, such as causativisation or decausativisation. Whereas derivedness among valency opposites is assessed through easy-to-spot overt segmental morphological or syntactic markers by

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Plank, Frans, and Aditi Lahiri. "Macroscopic and microscopic typology: Basic Valence Orientation, more pertinacious than meets the naked eye." Linguistic Typology 21, no. 2017 (December 20, 2017): 1–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2017-1002.

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AbstractBasic Valence Orientation has been suggested as a typological parameter by Nichols, Peterson, & Barnes (2004). Generalising over the entire lexicon, the idea is that languages can be distinguished as transitivising or detransitivising, depending on whether their verbs are basically intransitive or transitive and the opposite valency values require some means of derivation, such as causativisation or decausativisation. Whereas derivedness among valency opposites is assessed through easy-to-spot overt segmental morphological or syntactic markers by Nichols et . (2004), we argue that

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Nelson, Peter G. "Valency." Journal of Chemical Education 74, no. 4 (April 1997): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed074p465.

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Sindhu, Raghubir Singh. "Teachers’ misconception concerning valence and valency in chemistry." Science Education International 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 308–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33828/sei.v32.i4.5.

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A study on the misconceptions developed or held by teachers related to the two terms valence and valency was undertaken. A total of 48 teachers (26 males and 22 females) teaching the chemistry component of science subject to 14- to 16-year-old students, in 48 schools affiliated to one district, were randomly selected for the study by taking one teacher from each school. One session was devoted for administering the questionnaire among the teachers and second session (with a gap of one day) was for addressing the teacher’s misconceptions. From the analysis of the responses, it was found that the two terms although they have the same meaning were misconceived as having different meanings. Due to this a misleading relationship between the two terms was discovered. Even the highest numerical value of valence was misconceived. The possible reasons for these misconceptions were identified. A simple, brief, and precise description of the concepts was presented to remove the misconceptions of the teachers.

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Prassides, Kosmas, Yasuhiro Takabayashi, and Takeshi Nakagawa. "Mixed valency in rare-earth fullerides." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 366, no. 1862 (September 7, 2007): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2147.

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Mixed-valence phenomena associated with the highly correlated narrow-band behaviour of the 4f electrons in rare earths are well documented for a variety of rare-earth chalcogenides, borides and intermetallics (Kondo insulators and heavy fermions). The family of rare-earth fullerides with stoichiometry RE 2.75 C 60 (RE=Sm, Yb, Eu) also displays an analogous phenomenology and a remarkable sensitivity of the rare-earth valency to external stimuli (temperature and pressure) making them the first known molecular-based members of this fascinating class of materials. Using powerful crystallographic and spectroscopic techniques which provide direct indications of what is happening in these materials at the microscopic level, we find a rich variety of temperature- and pressure-driven abrupt or continuous valence transitions—the electronically active fulleride sublattice acts as an electron reservoir that can accept electrons from or donate electrons to the rare-earth 4f/5d bands, thereby sensitively modulating the valence of the rare-earth sublattice.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Valency"

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Sawicki, Lea. "Verb-valency in contemporary Polish : a study of the major valency-types /." Tübingen : G. Narr Verlag, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35508851z.

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Vihman, Virve-Anneli. "Valency reduction in Estonian." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25272.

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Theories of voice based on a model of passivisation such as that exhibited by English tend to characterise valency modifications as primarily a syntactic phenomenon, involving the mapping of semantic roles to non-canonical syntactic argument positions. This dissertation finds such an approach insufficient to account for the observed phenomena in the more complex domain of voice in Estonian. The thesis provides a thorough description of the Estonian voice category, through an in-depth study of four valency-reducing constructions: the impersonal, personal passive, generic apersonal, and anticausative. These all involve semantic and lexical-level changes to the argument structure of a predicate. In order to arrive at a satisfactory theoretical account of voice in Estonian, the analysis must consider semantic and pragmatic information alongside the realignment of syntactic rules linking grammatical functions with argument places. The status of verbal arguments undergoing demotion in valency-changing operations is shown to be crucial to the interpretations that the various constructions give rise to. The thesis establishes a hierarchy of implicit arguments as a key element of these differnces in interpretation. The impersonal argument, although non-overt, is shown to be psychologically and linguistically salient, being present for both semantic interpretation and such syntactic purposes as anaphoric reference. The impersonal actor is argued to be only slightly demoted, the more important property assigned to the actor argument of impersonals being that of non-specificity. Following the impersonal on the proposed Demotion Hierarchy is the personal passive, with a true demoted agent, which can, however, be re-established through an agentive adverbial. Generic apersonal constructions have a less accessible actor referent, whose interpretation crucially involves pragmatic inferencing. The anticausative retains only a single undergoer argument in its logical structure, which reveals both proto-agent and proto-patient characteristics. Only this derivationally formed predicate truly deletes its actor argument.

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How, Siew-Eng. "Multiple valency and assay amplification." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415237.

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Dlayedwa, Ntombizodwa Cynthia. "Valency-reducing processes in Xhosa." Thesis, University of Essex, 2002. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394291.

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Khare, Niraj. "Hypergraphs with restricted valency and matching number." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275880336.

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Zhao, Yilu. "Distributional criteria for verbal valency in Chinese /." Leuven : Peeters, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38955510z.

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Fischer, Klaus. "Investigations into verb valency : contrasting German and English." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683145.

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Ladlow, Caroline Betty. "Rates of metals extraction and stripping involving valency change." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254014.

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Matsushita, Yana. "Superconductivity and mixed valency in thallium-doped lead telluride /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Man, Wing Yang. "Carbon rich organometallics : from mixed valency to redox active ligands." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6901/.

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This thesis sets out to explore the electronic structures and redox properties of organometallic complexes. The mixed valence states of these complexes have been investigated and classified. Chapter 1 introduces the general area and provides a brief summary of the theory to electron transfer. The concepts discussed in Chapter 1 are developed further in subsequent Chapters. A trimetallic molecular assembly featuring two redox-active organoiron fragments connected via a central ruthenium tetramesitylporphyrin socket through pendant pyridyl moieties was investigated using electrochemical and UV-vis-NIR/IR spectroelectrochemical studies. Electrochemical studies reveal three reversible oxidation waves, the first two of which can be attributed to the stepwise oxidation of the iron centres. The redox separation between these iron redox waves was found to be constant regardless of electrolyte composition, suggesting a “through bond” mechanism for electronic interactions between the iron centres. An analysis of the near-IR band in the mixed valence state suggests the assignment of [{Cp*(dppe)(Py-4-C≡C)Fe}2(µ-Ru(TMP))]+ as a strongly coupled, Class II mixed valence complex in which the NIR band arises from genuine metal to metal charge transfer (IVCT) processes. Iron alkynyl complexes Fe(C≡CR)(PP)(Cp’) are well known to exhibit metal localised redox properties, whilst the alkynyl ligand in analogous alkynyl ruthenium complexes is redox-active. In order to tune the metal coordination sphere, to explore further the redox activity of carbon rich ligands bound to ruthenium, a series of complexes of the general form Ru(CH=CHC6H4R-4)(CO)(PPh3)Tp where R = N(C6H4Me)2, OMe, CH3, CO2Me, NO2 were synthesised, crystallographically characterised and investigated using electrochemical, UV-vis-NIR/IR spectroelectrochemical studies and DFT computational methods. IR spectroelectrochemical studies and DFT computations are consistent, with descriptions of the vinyl ligand as being redox-active, as developed by Winter and co-workers for some related mono- and bimetallic ruthenium vinyl complexes. Studies of Ru(CH=CHC6H4R-4)(CO)(PPh3)Tp, Ru(CH=CHC6H4Me-4)Cl(CO)Cl(PMe3)3 and [{(PMe3)3(CO)ClRu}2(µ-CH=CHC6H4CH=CH)] reveal that the bridging ligand is also heavily involved in the oxidation process. A three state model in which the bridge is appreciably involved in the stabilisation of charge is required to rationalise experimental data including electronic spectra, consistent with theoretical findings. In seeking to fine tune the electronic character of ruthenium based [{LnRu}2(µ-bridge)]n+, vinyl and alkynyl complexes featuring a dithia[3.3]cyclophane moiety were investigated. In both cases, the bridging moiety was found to be heavily involved in the oxidation processes. The triarylamine ligand moiety has attracted attention due to its potential to promote electronic interactions between three metal sites, through a central nitrogen atom. The synthesis, crystallographic characterisation, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical response of one, two and three cluster centres on a triarylamine core have been examined. Experimental results point towards a localised structure, with no electronic interaction between the cluster moieties, which are examples of Class I Robin and Day mixed valence complexes. Pre-formed gold alkynyl and diyndiyl complexes can be cross-coupled with aryl halides in the presence of both Pd(II) and Cu(I) catalysts under mild conditions in ether based solvents at room temperature, without the need for an additional base. These gold-mediated Sonogashira reactions likely proceed via the transmetallation of the alkynyl fragment from Au(I) to Cu(I), prior to entry to a conventional Sonogashira reaction. These reactions present alternative methods to prepare differentially substituted diynes, without the need to expose the C-H functionality of longer chain polyynes, which can be inherently unstable.

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Books on the topic "Valency"

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Herbst, Thomas, and Katrin Götz-Votteler, eds. Valency. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110198775.

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Spevak, Olga, ed. Noun Valency. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.158.

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Noun valency. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014.

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Perini, Mário Alberto. Describing Verb Valency. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20985-2.

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Álvarez González, Albert, and Ia Navarro, eds. Verb Valency Changes. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.120.

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Karen, Van Durme, Odense universitet. Institut for sprog og kommunikation., and Valency Seminar (3rd : 1994 : Odense, Denmark), eds. Valency of nouns. Odense: Institute of Language and Communication, Odense University, 1997.

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7

Kulikov, Leonid, Andrej Malchukov, and Peter de Swart, eds. Case, Valency and Transitivity. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.77.

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Kageyama, Taro, and Wesley M. Jacobsen, eds. Transitivity and Valency Alternations. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110477153.

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Authier, Gilles, and Katharina Haude, eds. Ergativity, Valency and Voice. Berlin, Boston: DE GRUYTER, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110227734.

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Lönngren, Lennart. Valency structures in Russian. Oslo: Novus Press, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Valency"

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Perini, Mário A. "Valency." In Thematic Relations, 71–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28538-8_5.

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Durrell, Martin. "Verbs: valency." In Hammer’s German Grammar and Usage, 385–418. 7th ed. Seventh edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge reference grammars: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429054556-16.

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Perini, Mário A. "Constructions, Diatheses, Valency." In Describing Verb Valency, 1–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20985-2_1.

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Perini, Mário A. "Other Aspects of the Role-Coding Process." In Describing Verb Valency, 189–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20985-2_10.

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Perini, Mário A. "Paring Diatheses Down." In Describing Verb Valency, 203–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20985-2_11.

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Perini, Mário A. "Summary." In Describing Verb Valency, 211–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20985-2_12.

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Perini, Mário A. "Syntactic Functions." In Describing Verb Valency, 37–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20985-2_2.

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Perini, Mário A. "Semantic Roles in Grammatical Description." In Describing Verb Valency, 53–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20985-2_3.

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Perini, Mário A. "Delimitation and Definition." In Describing Verb Valency, 65–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20985-2_4.

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Perini, Mário A. "Core CSRs." In Describing Verb Valency, 103–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20985-2_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Valency"

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Gebruers, Rudi. "Valency and MT." In the second conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/974235.974265.

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Artawa, Ketut, Made Sri Satyawati, and Ketut Widya Purnawati. "Valency Patterns in Indonesian." In International Conference on Language Phenomena in Multimodal Communication (KLUA 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/klua-18.2018.11.

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Shi, Tianze, and Lillian Lee. "Valency-Augmented Dependency Parsing." In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1159.

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Uresova, Zdenka, Eva Fucikova, and Jan Hajic. "Non-projectivity and valency." In Proceedings of the Workshop on Discontinuous Structures in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-0902.

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Semecký, Jiři, and Silvie Cinková. "Constructing an English valency lexicon." In the Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1641991.1642003.

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Iomdin, B. L., and L. L. Iomdin. "VALENCY STRUCTURE OF CERTAIN PREDICATES OF SPEECH: NEW FINDINGS." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-400-415.

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The paper discusses valency frames of a number of Russian verbal predicates whose semantics includes speech acts and, at a cetrain step of semantic decomposition, the negation, like vozražat’ ‘object, retort’, vozmuščat’sja ‘resent, be indignant’ or izvinjat’sja ‘apologize’. It is hypothesized that the frames of such predicates include a pair of propositional valencies distinctly opposed to each other: (1) the valency of stimulus that expresses the state of events and (2) the valency of response that introduces a speech act performed by the subject as a reaction to this state of event and offering an explanation. For example, in the sentence Ivan izvinilsja, čto ne prišel na moj den’ rożdenija ‘Ivan apologized that he did not come to my birthday party’ the clause starting with čto ‘that’ represents the state of events, whilst in the sentence Ivan izvinilsja, čto ploxo sebja čuvstvoval ‘Ivan apologized that he was not feeling well’ the čto-clause introduces Ivan’s response to the stimulus (e.g. of not coming to the birthday party). It is shown that these valencies cannot be adequately described with a single semantic role of content. The authors also give a generalization of this phenomenon, comparing it to other instances of valency pairs, and suggest the existence of predicates having two valency centers.

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Fujita, Sanae, and Francis Bond. "Extending the coverage of a valency dictionary." In COLING-02. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1118794.1118802.

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McGillivray, Barbara, and Marco Passarotti. "The development of theIndex ThomisticusTreebank valency lexicon." In the EACL 2009 Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1642049.1642055.

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Hendler, Danny, and Nir Shavit. "Operation-valency and the cost of coordination." In the twenty-second annual symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/872035.872047.

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Schmidt, Paul. "Valency theory in a stratificational MT-system." In the 11th coference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/991365.991455.

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Reports on the topic "Valency"

1

Rioux, Robert M. Influence of Multi-Valency, Electrostatics and Molecular Recognition on the Adsorption of Transition Metal Complexes on Metal Oxides: A Molecular Approach to Catalyst Synthesis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1349267.

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Kawai, Kei, and Takeaki Sunada. Estimating Candidate Valence. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29681.

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Owen, Jonathan Scharle. Measuring the Valence of Nanocrystal Surfaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1333872.

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KYSER, EDWARD. Neptunium Valence Chemistry in Anion Exchange Processing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890227.

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Jon M Lawrence. Inelastic neutron scattering in valence fluctuation compounds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1005014.

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Liu, K. F. Reply to Isgur's comments on valence QCD. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/753266.

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Aparisi Romero, Frederic. Fishing in medieval Valencia. Edicions de la Universitat de Lleida, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21001/itma.2021.15.07.

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Tatar, Robert C., and Richard P. Messmer. Valence Bond Cluster Studies of Alkali Metal/Semiconductor Bonding. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada184276.

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Hsu, L., R. S. Williams, and D. Outka. Valence-Band and Core-Level Photoemission Satellites in NiGa. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada199105.

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Marino, M. M. Relativistic pseudopotentional incorporating core/valence polarization and nonlocal effects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/779803.

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