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1
Boccali, Chiara. "Caratterizzazione e modellazione di colate detritiche." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/10126.
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2012/2013La ricerca si inserisce all’interno dei numerosi lavori che da ormai qualche decennio hanno come scopo lo studio delle colate detritiche, fenomeni altamente pericolosi e distruttivi che hanno determinato e determinano la morfologia della rete idrografica secondaria, incrementando il rischio idrogeologico nei bacini montani dell’arco alpino e non solo. I bacini montani del Friuli Venezia Giulia risultano particolarmente vulnerabili dal punto di vista idrogeologico per i pesanti condizionamenti orografici, geologico-strutturali e sismici, che generano la coesistenza di tutti quei fattori negativi determinanti per l’innesco dei fenomeni di colate. Questo lavoro si è occupato del settore più orientale dell’arco alpino del Friuli Venezia Giulia: il bacino del fiume Fella e, nel dettaglio, la Val Canale, che nell’ultimo secolo è stata interessata da circa 20 eventi alluvionali “eccezionali”, con conseguente innesco di colate detritiche. Il ricordo più vivo è certamente quello dell’ultimo evento di piena, registrato a fine Agosto 2003, che dalla Val Canale al Canal del Ferro ha generato più di 1100 fenomeni franosi ed alluvionali, causando la perdita di due vite umane e danni stimati attorno al miliardo di euro. A tale disastroso evento hanno fatto seguito numerosi studi specifici da parte della Protezione Civile regionale, del Servizio Geologico e di diversi team di esperti, volti alla definizione e alla delimitazione dei fenomeni e, soprattutto, delle aree di pericolosità, nonché alla progettazione di adeguate opere di mitigazione con lo scopo di prevenire danni futuri. Proprio per l’abbondanza di dati già esistenti e per, purtroppo, l’abbondanza e la frequenza dei fenomeni di colata detritica in quest’area dell’arco alpino, è stato scelto di sviluppare la ricerca nell’ottica di individuare una metodologia valida ed adatta alla caratterizzazione dei bacini da colata e dei loro depositi. Tale metodo vorrebbe garantire la realizzazione di una modellazione numerica quanto più rispondente al vero, proprio perché compiuta a partire da dati reali e non solamente da informazioni di back analysis, che spesso vengono dedotte applicando modelli da letteratura, studiati e sviluppati in tutt’altre aree dell’arco alpino, dell’Europa e del mondo. Con tali scopi sono stati scelti sei bacini ricadenti nella Val Canale e nella Val Pontebbana, simili per il comportamento dei fenomeni alluvionali ma diversi dal punto di vista litologico e morfologico, soprattutto alla luce degli interventi di sistemazione effettuati nell’ultimo decennio. La metodologia utilizzata comprende in primo luogo un’adeguata ricerca bibliografica, volta ad acquisire una conoscenza completa del bacino e della sua “storia”. In seguito sono stati eseguiti sopralluoghi lungo le aste torrentizie, dalla zona di deposito alla zona di innesco, in funzione della morfologia degli alvei e delle sponde, nonché della stabilità dei depositi. Durante i rilievi di campagna sono stati eseguiti campionamenti di materiale detritico. La scelta dei punti di campionamento è risultata uno dei punti chiave della ricerca ed è legata all’estrema eterogeneità dei depositi da colata detritica, tipicamente mal classati e comprendenti materiale da molto fine a metrico ed oltre. Per acquisire uno spettro quanto più completo dell’andamento granulometrico dei depositi, i bacini sono stati campionati sia nella zona di innesco che in quella di deposito. Alla fase di campionamento ha fatto seguito una fase in laboratorio, comprendente analisi granulometriche, mineralogiche e reologiche. Le analisi granulometriche hanno lo scopo di risalire alla curva granulometrica dei campioni, andando ad identificare le percentuali di ciascuna classe granulometrica, e sono il primo passo per differenziare i depositi prelevati in posizioni diverse lungo l’asta torrentizia. Le analisi mineralogiche, volte al riconoscimento dei diversi minerali presenti nella frazione più fine del campione (< 4 µm), permettono di verificare l’omogeneità genetica dei depositi di uno stesso bacino e di individuare l’eventuale presenza di minerali argillosi, che possono incidere sul comportamento reologico della miscela acqua-sedimento, alla base dei fenomeni di colata. Di pari passo con la caratterizzazione granulometrica e mineralogica si è proceduto alle analisi reologiche. Scopo principale di tali analisi è la determinazione dei parametri reologici (yield stress e viscosità), i quali governano il comportamento dei fluidi e sono alla base della futura modellazione numerica. Le colate detritiche, secondo l’approccio reologico, sono considerate come fluidi omogenei e viscoelastici; si suppone cioè che il comportamento del flusso sia controllato dalle proprietà della cosiddetta matrice, ossia la miscela di acqua e particelle fini nella quale sono disperse quelle più grossolane. Date tali premesse, le analisi reologiche sui campioni prelevati nel corso di questo dottorato sono state eseguite solo sulla frazione più fine del materiale (< 62 µm) utilizzando il reometro a piatti zigrinati paralleli di diametro pari a 35 mm (Rheostress Haake RS150, Haake GmbH, Germania). I diversi campioni sono stati preparati a differenti concentrazioni volumetriche solide, la cui scelta è legata fondamentalmente alla stabilità del campione sul piatto inferiore dello strumento. I dati sperimentali sono stati quindi correlati tra loro tramite regressione esponenziale per ottenere i coefficienti reologici necessari alla futura modellazione numerica. L’ultima fase dello studio è stata dedicata alla modellazione numerica dei fenomeni di colata detritica. La modellazione fisico-matematica dei debris flow ha principalmente lo scopo di determinare la possibile area di propagazione dei fenomeni, nonché la loro velocità ed energia, con l’obiettivo finale di delimitare le aree di pericolosità e di fornire informazioni utili alla progettazione di adeguate opere di mitigazione. Nell’ambito di questo lavoro le simulazioni sono state eseguite con il modello idraulico bidimensionale FLO-2D, utilizzabile per simulare il flusso dell’acqua in corsi d’acqua anche di notevole larghezza o per la simulazione di flussi non-Newtoniani in aree di conoide. Alla luce dell’obiettivo di individuare una metodologia atta alla caratterizzazione dei bacini da colata anche in assenza di dati di back analysis, le simulazioni numeriche sono state eseguite con il duplice scopo di verificare l’effettivo areale di influenza dei fenomeni e di testare i valori dei parametri reologici derivati dai campioni prelevati lungo i rii studiati. Per ciascun bacino sono state confrontate le informazioni ricavate dalle analisi di laboratorio e dalla modellazione numerica al fine di individuare quale e/o quali caratteristiche dei depositi incidono sui risultati delle simulazioni e in che modo condizionano il comportamento del flusso detritico. In conclusione è stato possibile evidenziare pro e contro della metodologia sperimentale e definirne l’applicabilità allo studio delle colate detritiche.
XXVI Ciclo
1985
2
Souza, Eliel Pereira de. "Canal do Valo Grande: Governança das águas estuarinas na perspectiva da aprendizagem social." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-20082012-085559/.
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A publicação da lei 9.433 de 1997, que institucionaliza a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos no Brasil, abriu a perspectiva de uma gestão integrada, participativa e descentralizada dos recursos hídricos. A integração da gestão de bacias hidrográficas com a gestão da zona costeira é uma diretriz dessa política e a participação social é pressuposto para medidas de gestão mais sustentáveis e legítimas. A qualidade dos processos participativos está ligada à incorporação de diferentes atores, com perspectivas distintas em relação à bacia hidrográfica, em processos de grupo que permitam reflexão e aprendizado, sobre o próprio grupo e sobre o ambiente natural e institucional da bacia. O presente trabalho é um estudo de caso sobre a gestão da bacia do rio Ribeira de Iguape, no litoral sul de São Paulo. Na porção terminal desse rio, uma obra hidráulica construída no século XIX, conhecida como Valo Grande, retificou seu curso, desestabilizando o sistema estuarino adjacente pelo aporte de água e sedimentos em região abrigada. Desde a década de 70, houve uma série de ações governamentais no sentido de recuperara essa região do estuário, o que gerou tensão e conflito com os atores a montante da bacia. Em resposta, o assunto foi debatido e negociado em diferentes fóruns criados a partir da década de 80. O presente trabalho analisa o processo decisório sobre o canal, buscando identificar elementos que favorecem ou inibem a transformação da participação em aprendizagem social. Os resultados revelam que a aprendizagem social não é um processo espontâneo, e, apesar da forte interdependência entre os atores envolvidos, espaços de convergência e consenso são prejudicados por fatores como a falta de liderança pró-ativa, representação desproporcional dos atores, ausência de redes de cooperação e coalizões, além da falta de implementação de medidas negociadas.The launch of the Law 9.433 of 1997, wich institutionalizes the National Policy of Water Resources, opened the prospect of an integrated, participatory and decentralized management of the water resources. The integration of the watershed management with the management of the coastal zone is a guideline of this policy and social participation is prerequisite for more sustainable and legitimate. The quality of participatory process is linked to the incorporation of different actors, with distinctive perspectives in relation to the catchment area, in a group process that enable reflection and learning, about the own group itself and about the natural and institutional framework of the basin. The present study is a case study on the management of river basin of Ribeira de Iguape, on the southern coast of São Paulo State. In the terminal part of this river, a hydraulic work was built in the nineteenth century, known as Valo Grande, rectify its course, destabilizing the adjacent estuary system by the input of water and sediments in a sheltered area. Since the 70s, there was a series of government in order to recover this region of estuary, wich created tension and conflict with the upstream actors of the basin. In response, the matter was discussed and negotiated in different decision-makers forums created since the 80s. The present work examines the decision process on the channel, in order to identify factors that promote or inhibit the transformation of participation in social learning. The results show that the social learning is not a spontaneous process, and despite the strong interdependency among the actors envolved, areas of convergence and consensus are affected by aspects like the lack of a proactive leadership, disproportionate representation of actors, lack of networks of cooperation and coalition, and the lack of implementation of negotiated measures.
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Trevisan, Carlos Alberto. "Canal de marketing : um estudo em vinícolas da indicação geográfica vale dos vinhedos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2014. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/917.
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Carneiro, Rafaelle Rocha Souza. "A pesca da manjuba (Anchoviella lepidentostole) e o canal do Valo Grande: uma relação de (des)continuidades em Iguape-SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-16072007-120634/.
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O presente estudo procurou compreender como se efetua a pesca da manjuba em Iguape-SP e qual a sua relação com o canal do Valo Grande: quais as modificações sofridas pela atividade pesqueira no município, antes, durante e após a construção da barragem no dito canal, e como os pescadores passaram a se organizar após essa interferência no meio ambiente. Objetivou compreender o modo de vida do pescador, através dos seus saberes tradicionais, e como esse modo de vida ainda resiste nos dias atuais, onde a tônica é pescar mais e mais, a fim de se obter uma renda maior. Enfim objetivou-se, mediante o diálogo entre teoria e conhecimento tradicional, mostrar como um pescador artesanal resiste num campo tão competitivo, como é a pesca da manjubaThe present study searched to understand a how to make the manjuba\'s angling in Iguape/SP and wich your relation with the Valo Grande\'s strait: with the modifications suffer the fishing grounds atictivities in the country, before, during and after the structure of the dam in the strait, and how the fisherman have been organized after these interferation in the environment. Objectified to understand the life mode of the fisherman, through of the their traditionals aware, and how this life mode still stard of the present time, where the tonic is fish more to more, in order to have more rent. After all objectified, by means of the dialogue between the theory and traditional knowledge to show how the fisherman resiste in the field so competition, how is the manjuba\'s fish
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Girault, Michel. "Pétrographie et géochimie de volcanites archéennes polymétamorphiques : reconstitution de l'histoire pétrologique (zone minière Manitou-Louvem, Val d'Or, Québec)." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00739836.
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La zone Manitou-Louvem, à minéralisations de sulfures massifs, comporte une série volcanique sous-marine (laves, pyroclastites et siIls) appartenant, pour l'essentiel, à la formation de Val d'Or. A la base, des basaltes à amphiboles et boules d'épidote dérivent, par faible fusion partielle, d'une source mantellique enrichie en éléments hygromagmaphiles légers. Vient ensuite l'intime association de laves intermédiaires et felsiques, de pyroclastites grossières généralement felsiques et monogéniques, et de filon-couches hypovolcaniques de diorite. Toutes ces roches sont comagmatiques, et liées aux basaltes de la base. Les filon-couches font la transition entre la diorite de Bourlamaque qui noyaute le complexe volcanique central de Val d'Or, et le volcanisme effusif. Le cachet géochimique est calcoalcalin, mais les tendances d'évolution (cristallisation fractionnée anhydre) sont tholéiitiques : elles varient selon la stratigraphie, par évolution des modalités de fractionnement et appauvrissement de la source mantellique. Au sommet, la formation de Héva, avec des basaltes évolués hyperalumineux d'affinité tholéiitique plus franche, marque le retour progressif au volcanisme abyssal, après celui d'arc insulaire (formation de Val d'Or) : ils proviennent d'un centre éruptif et d'une lignée d'évolution différents. Un modèle de bassin marginal permettrait de concilier tous ces caractères et pourrait expliquer la contradiction tholéiitique. calcoalcalÎn, qui mériterait une étude détaillée. La minéralogie est issue des altérations et métamorphismes successifs, que l'on caractérise grâce à une étude précise de minéraux secondaires: spi!itisation, métasomatoses liées ou non aux minéralisations, métamorphisme régional. Celui-ci est du faciès des schistes verts (zone à biotite). Les problèmes d'interprétation pour la minéralogie des " roches vertes" (termes abusivement banalisé) sont examinés en détail. L'auteur estime que la prospection minière devrait tirer profit de telles études, qu'elle devrait intégrer à ses méthodes comme un élément supplémentaire de reconnaissance des milieux minéralisés par opposition aux zones stériles.
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Lemarchand, Jérémie. "Les minéralisations filoniennes aurifères du pluton de Bourlamaque (Val d'Or, Abitibi) : synthèse structurale et apports de la datation ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar." Thèse, Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S130.
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Le pluton de Bourlamaque encaisse une dizaine de gisements filoniens aurifères post-métamorphiques matérialisés par des veines de quartz-tourmaline-carbonates-sulfutes associées à des zones de cisaillement mylonitique inverses. La minéralisation s'organise selon des réseaux compatibles avec un modèle de type Riedel, centrés sur des structures mylonitiques est-ouest à fort pendage. Plusieurs structures stériles à pendage nord ont été également reconnues et sont interprétées comme liées à un épisode structural post-minéralisation. L'interprétation des données ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar suggère que les premières traces de fluides liés à la minéralisation sont enregistrées par les amphiboles du pluton de Bourlamaque vers 2650 Ma, lors d'une phase d'exhumation régionale. La géométrie des spectres d'âges des zones mylonitiques traduit une recristallisation dynamique compatible avec les indications de circulations hydrothermales associées aux veines aurifères et se poursuivant possiblement jusque vers 2505 Ma. La cyclicité des pics de densité de probabilité des âges plateaux de l'ensemble de smicas blancs et le décalage entre les spectres des veines de quartz et des mylonites sont compatibles avec une activité hydrothermale cyclique de type fault-valve. Au final la datation ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar conjointe de l'intrusion de Bourlamaque ainsi que des veines minéralisées et de la déformation mylonitique associée offre de nouvelles perspectives d'interprétation et apporte de nouveaux éléments de compréhension concernant le contexte de mise en place des minéralisations filonniennes aurifères de la région de Val d'OrThe Bourlamaque pluto contains about ten post-metamorphic load gold deposits, formed by quartz-tourmaline-carbonate-sulphide veins in association with reverse mylonitic shear zones. The mineralization corresponds to a Riedel type shear zones network evolving from steeply dipping structures. Several north-dipping barren structures have been also recognized and interpreted as being related to a post-mineralization structural event. Interpretation of the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar data set suggests that the first fluids related to the mineralization are recorded by the amphibole of the Bourlamaque plutonic rock at ca. . 2605 Ma, synchronously with a regional exhumation phase. Geometry of age spectra from mylonitic shear zones is typical of dynamic recrstallization and consistent with indications of hydrothermal circulations possibly extending until ca. 2505 Ma in the gold veins themselves. The cyclicity of the plateau ages frequency peaks from white micas and the delay between quartz veins and mylonitic shear zones spectra are consistent with a fault-valve hydrothermal activity. Finally, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of the Bourlamaque plutonic rock together with auriferous quartz veins and related mylonitic shear zones provides renewed perspective and elements for a better understanding of the global context of load gold deposits in the Val d'Or area
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Morency, Jenna L. "Outcast Men: American Citizens in Upper Canada and Van Dieman's Land." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2011. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MorencyJL2011.pdf.
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Grzela, Donald. "Chemical composition of indicator minerals from orogenic gold deposits and glacial sediments of the Val-d'Or district (Québec, Canada)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27588.
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Les tourmalines, les scheelites et les magnétites provenant des gisements aurifères de type orogénique (n=22) et des sédiments glaciaires (n=5) du district minier de Val-d’Or (Québec, Canada) ont été investiguées à la microsonde électronique (EPMA) et par ablation laser et spectrométrie de masse à plasma à couplage inductif (LA-ICP-MS) afin de déterminer leur signature chimique et d’évaluer leur potentiel en tant que minéraux indicateurs pour l’exploration aurifère. Les tourmalines de Type I provenant de dépôts aurifères de type orogénique encaissés dans des roches felsiques et intermédiaires calco-alcalines montrent de faibles teneurs en V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn et Sn et une teneur élevée en Mg par rapport aux tourmalines de Type II provenant de dépôts aurifères de type orogénique encaissés dans des roches mafiques tholéiitiques. Les tourmalines de Type III provenant de dépôts aurifères de type orogénique situés au contact entre des roches mafiques volcaniques et métasédimentaires montrent une chimie similaire aux tourmalines de Type I avec des teneurs en Li, Mn et Pb légèrement plus élevées. Les tourmalines des gisements aurifères de type orogénique sont caractérisées par des teneurs en Zn, Cu, Sn et Pb plus faibles que les tourmalines associées aux miniéralisations de type Cu-Zn, Pb-Zn-Cu et Sn. Les tourmalines récupérées dans le till portent la signature chimique des tourmalines provenant des gisements aurifères de type orogénique avec une majorité portant la signature des tourmalines de Type I. Les scheelites provenant de dépôts aurifères de type orogénique encaissés dans des intrusions calco-alcalines de composition intermédiaire sont caractérisées par des teneurs en Na, ÉTR et Y plus élevées que les scheelites provenant de dépôts aurifères encaissés dans des roches sédimentaires ou mafiques. Les scheelites récupérées dans le till portent la signature chimique des scheelites provenant des gisements aurifères de type orogénique. Les magnétites sont rare dans les dépôts aurifères de type orogénique du district de Val-d’Or. Les magnétites d’origine hydrothermale provenant des veines aurifères sont caractérisées par des teneurs plus élevées en Cr, Zn, Mn, K, Ca, Ti et Al que les magnétites d’origine magmatique retrouvées dans les roches encaissantes de composition dioritique ou gabbroique. Les magnétites associées à la minéralisation aurifère forment des grains fins disséminés (< 0,05 mm), ce qui suggère que les magnétites grossières récupérées dans le till ne proviennent probablement pas des veines de quartz aurifères.Tourmalines, scheelites and magnetites from orogenic gold deposits (n=22) and glacial sediments (n=5) of the Val-d’Or mining district (Québec, Canada) were investigated by Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer (EPMA) and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) in order to determine their chemical signature and to assess their potential as indicator minerals for gold exploration. Type I tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits hosted in felsic and intermediate calc-alkaline rocks have low contents of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, and Sn and a high content of Mg compared to Type II tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits hosted in mafic tholeiitic rocks. Type III tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits located at the contact between mafic volcanic and metasedimentary rocks show a chemistry similar to Type I tourmalines with slightly higher Li, Mn, and Pb contents. Tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits are characterized by lower contents of Zn, Cu, Sn, and Pb than tourmalines associated to Cu-Zn, Pb-Zn-Cu, and Sn mineralizations. Till tourmalines carry the chemical signature of tourmalines from orogenic gold deposits with a majority carrying the signature of Type I tourmalines. Scheelites from orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district hosted in calc-alkaline intrusions of intermediate composition are characterized by high Na, REE, and Y contents compared to scheelites from sediment- or mafic-hosted gold deposits. Till scheelites carry the chemical signature of scheelites from orogenic gold deposits. Magnetites are rare in orogenic gold deposits of the Val-d’Or district. Magnetites of hydrothermal origin occuring in gold veins are characterized by higher contents of Cr, Zn, Mn, K, Ca, Ti, and Al than magnetites of magmatic origin found in the dioritic or gabbroic host rocks. Magnetites associated to the gold mineralization form fine disseminated grains (< 0.05 mm), which suggests that the coarse magnetites recovered in the till probably do not originate from the gold-bearing quartz veins.
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LATIL, ISABELLE. "Le medecin generaliste face au syndrome du canal carpien : discussion autour de 193 cas recenses chez des omnipraticiens des alpes-maritimes et du var." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE6553.
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Walsh, Mark James. "Strategic political positioning and tax policy : recent VAT policy changes in Canada and Germany." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5504.
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During the twenty-first century, why have some welfare state governments shifted their
tax system towards a greater dependence upon consumption taxes, while other governments have
chosen to move away from this dependence? This paper addresses that question by examining
the contemporary politics of taxation in Canada and Germany. It analyzes what causes a
government to choose employ specific tax policy instruments. This paper contends that, if a
government is insecure and in need of enlarging its support base, it will largely ignore fiscal
policies that predominantly focus on improving aggregate economic conditions in favour of
policies which provide fiscal benefits to necessary constituencies, unless both dire economic
conditions and adequate blame avoidance opportunities exists. While Canada chose to shift its
tax burden away from consumption taxes because these necessary conditions did not exist,
Germany chose to shift its tax burden towards consumption taxes because these conditions did
exist.
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Barbosa, Ana Cecilia Rizzatti de Albergaria. "Avaliação da influência do canal do Valo Grande na composição molecular e isotópica da matéria orgânica depositada no Sistema Estuarino-Lagunar de Cananéia-Iguape-SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21137/tde-02122014-114709/.
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O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, através da análise de n-alcanos e de suas razões isotópicas, a influência da abertura do canal artificial do Valo Grande (VG) nas fontes de matéria orgânica (OM) do Sistema Estuarino-Lagunar de Cananéia-Iguape (CIELS). Os compostos foram analisados em quatro testemunhos, 22 sedimentos superficiais e em folhas de nove espécies de plantas dominantes na região de estudo. Os parâmetros avaliados nas folhas amostradas permitiram separar as espécies estudadas em monocotiledôneas e dicotiledôneas, e em vegetação lenhosa de mangue e de restinga. Esta separação foi útil na identificação das fontes de OM do CIELS. Os dados dos sedimentos superficiais mostraram que a principal fonte de OM no sistema é a vegetação de restinga. Esta se dá principalmente na região norte, onde está presente o VG. A influência fitoplanctônica, das macrófitas emersas e da vegetação de mangue é maior na região sul. Os dados dos testemunhos mostraram que a abertura do VG aumentou a contribuição da vegetação de restinga e das macrófitas aquáticas na OM presente ao longo do CIELS, diminuindo a influência fitoplanctônica e das macrófitas emersas. Assim, a qualidade e quantidade de OM do CIELS foram influenciadas pela presença do VG.This study aimed to verify, through the use of n-alkanes and their isotopic composition, the influence of the Valo Grande artificial channel (VG) on organic matter (OM) sources of the Cananéia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoon System (CIELS). The compounds were analyzed in four cores, 22 surface samples and nine dominants plants species leaves sampled on the studied area. The parameters evaluated on the leaves permitted to group the studied species in mono and dicotyledonous, and in mangrove and resting vegetation. This was useful to identify the OM sources on the CIELS. The surface sediment data showed that the CIELS OM is mainly composed by restinga vegetation. This occurs mainly on the northern region, where the VG is present. The influence of phytoplankton, of emergent macrophytes and of mangrove trees is higher on the southern region. The cores data showed that the VG opening increased the influences of Atlantic Forest and aquatic macrophytes on the CIELS OM, decreasing the emergent macrophytes and the phytoplankton influence. So, the type and the amount of OM on the CIELS are influenced by the VG presence.
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OLIVEIRA, Danillo Rodrigues Silva Bento. "Logística e inovação: estudo comparativo dos canais de distribuição e o papel da inovação logística para um pequeno e um grande produtor de uva de mesa da Região do Vale do São Francisco." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/5973.
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Previous issue date: 2012Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
O Vale do São Francisco desponta como importante fronteira agrícola no Brasil, com destaque para a fruticultura, em especial a produção de uvas de mesa tanto para a exportação como para mercado interno. Assim, o entendimento dos aspectos logísticos relacionados ao setor torna-se essencial para o desenvolvimento da complexa cadeia produtiva da fruta. O atual cenário empresarial, no qual novos padrões de competitividade foram estabelecidos, tem forçado as empresas a procurarem novas formas de atuação para sobreviver no mercado. Entre as inúmeras formas, destacam-se aquelas que privilegiam o desenvolvimento de inovações tecnológicas e o estabelecimento de relações de cooperação entre diversos parceiros. Observa-se que as possibilidades de inovação podem estar relacionadas a outras variáveis, que não o produto e processo. Dessa forma o estudo da Inovação Logística se justifica pela própria definição e necessidade. Perante este contexto, neste trabalho foi investigado como estão estruturados os Canais de Distribuição e o processo de inovação tecnológica ligado à Logística através de estudos de caso em duas empresas de pequeno e grande porte da região. Apesar de representar um trabalho preliminar, alguns caminhos observados na pesquisa demonstram o quanto a inovação e gerenciamento logístico podem ser fatores diferenciadores para a competitividade das empresas
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Oliveira, Danillo Rodrigues Silva Bento. "Logística e Inovação: estudo comparativo dos canais de distribuição e o papel da inovação logística para um pequeno e um grande produtor de uva de mesa da Região do Vale do São Francisco." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/10751.
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CNPq
O Vale do São Francisco desponta como importante fronteira agrícola no Brasil, com destaque para a fruticultura, em especial a produção de uvas de mesa tanto para a exportação como para mercado interno. Assim, o entendimento dos aspectos logísticos relacionados ao setor torna-se essencial para o desenvolvimento da complexa cadeia produtiva da fruta. O atual cenário empresarial, no qual novos padrões de competitividade foram estabelecidos, tem forçado as empresas a procurarem novas formas de atuação para sobreviver no mercado. Entre as inúmeras formas, destacam-se aquelas que privilegiam o desenvolvimento de inovações tecnológicas e o estabelecimento de relações de cooperação entre diversos parceiros. Observa-se que as possibilidades de inovação podem estar relacionadas a outras variáveis, que não o produto e processo. Dessa forma o estudo da Inovação Logística se justifica pela própria definição e necessidade. Perante este contexto, neste trabalho foi investigado como estão estruturados os Canais de Distribuição e o processo de inovação tecnológica ligado à Logística através de estudos de caso em duas empresas de pequeno e grande porte da região. Apesar de representar um trabalho preliminar, alguns caminhos observados na pesquisa demonstram o quanto a inovação e gerenciamento logístico podem ser fatores diferenciadores para a competitividade das empresas.
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Taragnat, Catherine. "Mise en evidence, androgenodependance et ontogenese d'une proteine majeure de 34 kd specifique du canal deferent de souris." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF21093.
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Mise en evidence d'une proteine majeure de 34,5 kd par methode electrophoretiques dans le canal deferent chez la souris. Proteine basique appelee mvdp (mouse vas deferens protein), glycosylee (presence de fucose) represente 17 % des proteines solubles de l'homogenese et 42 % du fluide deferentiel. Cette proteine possede une specificite tissulaire revelee par les anticorps poly- et monoclonaux diriges contre elle. Hors de l'ontogenese, cette proteine n'apparait qu'au 20**(eme) jour de vie postnatale et augmente ensuite de concert avec les androgenes circulants et deferentiels. Des experience de traduction in vitro des arn messagers poly a**(+) des canaux deferents d'animaux normaux ou castres revelent que la proteine mvdp est codee par un rna messager majeur androgeno dependant
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Scott, Craig Russell. "Physical volcanology, stratigraphy, and lithogeochemistry of an archean volcanic arc : evolution from plume-related volcanism to arc rifting within the SE Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Val d'Or, Quebec, Canada." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2005. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Oliveira, Junior Osmar de Paula. "Custos de transação e canais de distribuição na cadeia produtiva da mandioca: o caso da região do vale do Araguaia-GO." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4619.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The cassava cultivation has significant importance for the Brazilian family farming. This root is known and relevant source of obtaining carbohydrates, especially for low-income families. The objective of this research is to study the production chain of cassava in Araguaia Valley Region (Goiás state, Brazil) from the perspective of transaction costs and distribution channels, with focus on the production segment. The basic hypothesis is that the absence of organized distribution mechanisms and the high transaction costs involved have negatively affected the competitiveness and profitability of smallholder cassava and its by-products, which would prevent the full economic development of this activity in the Araguaia Valley Region. This paper consists of an exploratory case study. The primary data collection was carried out through the development and implementation, through interviews, semi-structured questionnaires with open and closed questions, aimed at gathering information from three groups of variables: agent profile, transaction costs and distribution channels. One survey was intended for cassava producers, the other for businesses that are also part of the production chain. There were 73 farmers, 13 entrepreneurs of cassava flour industry, 14 entrepreneurs in the retail segment and 1 benefactor/wholesaler, totaling 101 interviews conducted between September and November 2014. The results point to high costs for transactions made along the production chain, resulting mainly from the low frequency of the negotiations, uncertainties related to natural factors and the irregularity of supply of raw materials, the lack of market information and assets specificity. Moreover, the information gathered points to the retail sector as the most important distribution channel for the supply chain searched. The researched supply chain is not organized. There are no significant integration initiatives, both vertical and horizontal, or mechanisms of communication and coordination between agents. Coordination initiatives were not identified. Governance structures are found minimally sophisticated among the possible.
O cultivo da mandioca possui significativa importância para a agricultura familiar brasileira, sendo que esta raiz é conhecida e relevante fonte de obtenção de carboidratos, em especial, para as famílias de baixa renda. Neste contexto, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa é estudar a cadeia produtiva da mandioca na Região do Vale do Araguaia-GO sob a perspectiva dos custos de transação e dos canais de distribuição, com enfoque ao segmento produção. Tem-se como hipótese básica que a ausência de mecanismos de distribuição organizados e os elevados custos de transação envolvidos têm afetado negativamente a competitividade e a rentabilidade dos pequenos produtores de mandioca e derivados, o que impediria o pleno desenvolvimento econômico desta atividade na Região do Vale do Araguaia-GO. Este trabalho consiste em um estudo de caso exploratório. O levantamento de dados primários foi realizado por meio da elaboração e aplicação, mediante entrevista, de dois questionários semiestruturados com perguntas abertas e fechadas, visando a coleta de informações de três grupos de variáveis de análise: perfil dos agentes, custos de transação e canais de distribuição. Um dos questionários foi destinado aos produtores de mandioca, o outro, para as empresas que também fazem parte da cadeia produtiva. Foram entrevistados 73 agricultores mandiocultores, 13 empresários da indústria farinheira, 14 empresários do segmento varejista e 1 beneficiador/atacadista, num total de 101 entrevistas, realizadas no período de setembro a novembro de 2014. Os resultados apontam para elevados custos incidindo sobre as transações realizadas ao longo da cadeia produtiva pesquisada, decorrentes, principalmente, da baixa frequência das negociações, das incertezas relacionadas a fatores naturais e à irregularidade da oferta de matéria prima, da falta de informações de mercado e das condições de especificidade dos ativos. Outrossim, as informações levantadas apontam para o segmento varejista como o mais importante canal de distribuição para a cadeia produtiva pesquisada. A cadeia produtiva pesquisada não é organizada. Não existem iniciativas significativas de integração, tanto vertical, quanto horizontal, nem mecanismos de comunicação e articulação entre os agentes. Não foram identificadas quaisquer iniciativas de coordenação. As estruturas de governança encontradas são as minimamente sofisticadas dentre as possíveis.
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Denardin, Anderson Antonio. "Assimetria de informação, intermediação financeira e o mecanismo de transmissão da política monetária : evidências teóricas e empíricas para o canal do empréstimo bancário no Brasil (1995-2006)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13131.
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Nesta tese investigaremos se os bancos, em geral, e se os empréstimos bancários, em particular, desempenham alguma função especial na economia brasileira, especificamente, no que se refere em explicar a performance da atividade produtiva. Procuramos averiguar as evidências teóricas e empíricas que visam desvendar a relevância do canal do crédito, em especial, do canal do empréstimo bancário, enquanto um canal adicional para a transmissão da política monetária. Isso é feito levando em conta o ambiente institucional em que a economia brasileira está inserida, cujo caráter específico, supõem-se de grande relevância para o melhor entendimento das reais condições apresentadas pelo mercado financeiro e, em especial, pelo mercado de crédito. A hipótese central considerada é que, além do impacto promovido pelo tradicional canal da taxa de juros (custo do capital) - através do efeito que exerce sobre as obrigações (depósitos) dos intermediários financeiros e sobre as decisões de investimento dos agentes - a política monetária afeta a atividade econômica através do mercado de crédito, em especial, através do canal do empréstimo bancário, devido ao efeito que exerce sobre a composição dos ativos das instituições financeiras, em particular, sobre as decisões dos bancos em relação ao volume e as condições em que os empréstimos serão ofertados. Considera-se ainda que, o sistema legal do país constitui a base para a formação de sua estrutura financeira e, por conseguinte, contribui para explicar o grau de desenvolvimento do mercado de crédito, bem como, a intensidade com que o canal do crédito responde aos choques de política monetária. Utilizando-se, como instrumento para a análise empírica, da metodologia de vetor auto-regressivo (VAR) constata-se que, os resultados observados estão em sintonia com a teoria do “canal do crédito”, a qual sugere que fricções informacionais no mercado são agravadas em períodos de restrição monetária, resultando em queda na oferta de crédito e aumento no prêmio de financiamento externo (spreads), o que contribui para potencializar a ação da política monetária sobre o produto e sobre os preços. Além disso, corroboram com os argumentos levantados pela literatura de “law and finance”, segundo a qual, aspectos institucionais, relacionados a baixa proteção do direito dos investidores, (associados às deficiências nas regras legais e à ineficiência na execução dessas regras), contribuem para intensificar as fricções informacionais no mercado de crédito e de capitais.In this research we investigated if the banks, in particular, if the bank loans, carry out some special function in the Brazilian economy, specifically, to explain the performance of the productive activity. We tried to discover the theoretical and empirical evidences that seek to expose the relevance of the credit channel, especially, of the bank loan channel, while an additional channel for the transmission of monetary policy. Taking into account the institutional atmosphere in that the Brazilian economy is inserted, whose specific character is supposed relevant for understanding of the real conditions of the financial market and, especially, of the credit market. The central hypothesis is that, besides the impact caused by the traditional channel of the interest rate (cost of capital) - through the effect that it is done over the obligations (deposits) of the financial intermediaries and over the decisions of the agents' investment - the monetary politics affects the economical activity through the credit market, especially, through the channel of the bank loan, due to the effect that it exercises on the composition of the assets of the financial institutions, in particular, about the decisions of the banks in relation to the volume and the conditions the loans will be offered. The legal system of the country constitutes the basis for the formation of its financial structure and, consequently, it contributes to explain the degree of development of the credit market as well as the intensity with which the channel of credit responds to shocks on monetary policy. As instrument for the empirical investigation, the VAR analysis demonstrated that results are in syntony with the theory of the "credit channel". This theory suggests that informational frictions in the market are worsened in periods of monetary restriction, resulting in fall in the credit supply and increase in the premium of external financing (spreads). This contributes to accelerate the action of the monetary policy on output and prices. In addition, they corroborate the arguments from the literature of "law and finance", which suggests that institutional aspects, related to the low protection of the investors' rights (associated to the deficiencies in the legal rules and to the inefficiency in the execution of those rules), contribute to intensify the informational frictions in the credit and capital market.
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Firdaous, Karima. "Étude des fluides dans une zone sismogénique fossile : les gisements aurifères mésothermaux archéens de Val d'Or, Abitibi, Québec." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL111N.
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Les gisements d'or hydrothermaux de la région de Val d'Or (Abitibi, Québec) se présentent sous forme de veines de quartz-tourmaline-carbonates-pyrite en cisaillement ou en extension se développant dans et autour de zones de cisaillement inverses EW en régime de compression horizontale NS. La formation de ces gisements a été expliquée par le modèle de valve sismique. Le paramètre essentiel contrôlant la formation de ces veines est la pression fluide, paramètre que nous avons tenté d'appréhender par l'étude des inclusions fluides. Une étude d'inclusions fluides a été entreprise dans les veines des mines Sigma, Dumont-Bras-d'Or et Donalda afin de déterminer les conditions P-V-T-X des fluides responsables de leur formation et d'estimer l'amplitude des fluctuations de la pression fluide. Les études microscopiques, les données microthermométriques, les analyses au Raman et les analyses au MEB définissent quatre groupes d'inclusions fluides: les inclusions aquo-carboniques, les inclusions carboniques, les inclusions aqueuses et les inclusions riches en méthane et azote. Les résultats peuvent être interprétés par le piégeage, lors de la formation des veines, d'un fluide parent H2O-CO2-CH4-(N2) de faible salinité et de deux fluides immiscibles (carbonique et aqueux) résultant de la démixion du premier. Les isochores de ces fluides montrent des fluctuations de Pf de 100 à 300 MPa dans les veines d'extension et de 100 à 200 MPa dans les veines de cisaillement à 350°C. Ces données sont compatibles avec le modèle de valve sismique qui fait appel à des variations brutales de pression fluide, associées à une activité séismique
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Oliveira, Esther Nespoli de. "Estudo da pesca artesanal em dois setores do complexo estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia-Iguape (SP) considerando relações sócio-ambientais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-22112011-164912/.
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Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo, a relação entre fatores sócio-ambientais e a pesca artesanal nos setores norte (Iguape) e sul (Cananéia) do Complexo Estuarino-Lagunar de Cananéia-Iguape (SP), considerando as mudanças hidroquímicas provocadas pela água que adentra o sistema através Valo Grande, um canal artificial que drena parte água do Rio Ribeira de Iguape para o Mar Pequeno, junto ao município de Iguape. Os parâmetros hidrológicos abordados foram: penetração de luz, temperatura, salinidade, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, MPS e nutrientes dissolvidos obtidos em diferentes profundidades. Os dados relativos à atividade pesqueira e perfil social dos pescadores foram obtidos por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada, com perguntas fechadas e abertas junto às comunidades caiçaras de Cananéia e Iguape. Os resultados ambientais mostraram diferenças hidrológicas importantes entre os dois setores, com baixa salinidade no setor norte, sob maior influência do canal do Valo Grande, enquanto a porção sul preserva as características estuarinas, porém sinais da interferência do setor norte já estão sendo sinalizados no sul, o que pode ser verificado junto a dados pretéritos do corpo hídrico. As espécies alvo de pesca encontradas nos dois setores do sistema também indicaram as alterações ambientais, mostrando características locais e variações sazonais. Foi verificado que os pescadores adaptaram-se às modificações ambientais, alternando as artes de pesca ao longo do ano e, investindo em embarcações, motores e petrechos de pesca, dando continuidade à atividade. Avaliando-se o perfil dos pescadores urbanos, foram verificadas condições sócio-econômicas que permitem viii que a maioria de suas residências seja de alvenaria, dispondo de abastecimento de água e energia provenientes da rede pública, porém a maioria dos entrevistados interromperam seus estudos. Este estudo evidenciou a dificuldade dos pescadores em ter o sustento somente da atividade pesqueira praticada, comprometendo assim, a sobrevivência desta tradição, e desestimulando o desenvolvimento deste setor. Esta situação também leva ao registro de um perfil diferenciado de caiçara, marcado pelo desempenho de outras atividades além da pesca. Assim, foi possível observar que diante de mudanças, extremas ou não, o comportamento humano estará sempre interligado ao ambiental, os quais estão em constante renovação, caracterizando a cultura de gerações. A economia solidária estabelecida por meio de uma cooperativa, ou de ações apoiadas por políticas públicas, constituem alternativas que contribuem à solução de alguns problemas que afetam as comunidades estudadas. Certamente, ações participativas que insiram o pescador nos projetos gestão e preservação ambiental, permitindo uma maior atuação junto às políticas públicas locais, contribuirão à sustentabilidade ambiental, sócio-cultural e econômica.This work aims to study the relations between socio-environmental factors and the artisanal fishery in the sectors north (Iguape) and south (Cananéia) of the Cananéia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoon Complex, considering the hydrochemical changes caused by the water that enters within the system through Valo Grande, an artificial channel that drains part of the Ribeira de Iguape River waters to Mar Pequeno, Iguape. The hydrological parameters studied were: penetration of light, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, suspended particulate matter and dissolved nutrients obtained in different depths. The data concerning the fishery activities and social profile of the fishermen were obtained through semi-structured interviews, with closed and open questions made with the communities of Cananéia and Iguape. The environmental results showed important hydrological differences between the two sectors, with low salinity in the northern sector, under greater influence of Valo Grande Channel, while the southern sector still preserves estuarine characteristics. However, signals of the north interference are already being noticed in the south, this can be verified by comparing past data of the water body. The fishery target species found in the two sectors of the system also pointed to environmental changes, showing local characteristics and seasonal variations. It was verified that the fishermen adapted to the environmental changes by changing the fishery type throughout the year and investing in boats, engines and fishery equipment, this way continuing with the activity. Socio-economical conditions that allow most of the residences to be made of masonry, having energy and water supplied by the public services, were verified evaluating the fishermen profile. However most of the fishermen had their formal education interrupted. This study shows the difficulty of the fishermen to have their livelihood only by fishing, therefore compromising the survival of this tradition and discouraging the development of this sector. This situation also leads to register a differentiated fishermen profile, marked by the realization of other activities besides fishery. So, it was possible to observe that faced with changes, extremes or not, the human behavior will always be linked to the environment, they are in constant renovation, x characterizing the culture of generations. The solidarity economy established by a cooperative or by actions supported by public politics constitutes alternatives that contribute to the solution of some problems that affect this community. Certainly, participative actions, that insert the fishermen in management and environmental preservation projects, allowing a greater participation in local public policies, will contribute to the environmental, socio-cultural and economic sustainability.
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Rousseau, Pieter Abraham. "Noutetiese berading van persone met piëtistiese mistastings oor lewensheiligheid / Pieter Abraham Rousseau." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4294.
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In the rich diversity of forms of the Christian Church, there are different perspectives on how believers ought to live holy lives and how their sanctification should progress. As such, the piety and sanctification of Christians entail every facet of our lives and the possibility of misunderstanding is ever present, because humans are fallible and at risk to "work" with the Bible in their own fashion.
A wrong understanding of sin inevitably leads to error as regards piety. Pietism or mutations /forms thereof may therefore stifle, rather than promote real piety coram Deo, in the Christian faith community and in conducting our everyday lives. The aim of the study is, therefore, to advance genuine piety with Christian believers. The doctrine of successive works of grace and the style or approach in which proponents of the doctrine treat Scripture, were critically examined in the first section of the basis-theory. A hermeneutical position from the reformed perspective was stated. The sovereignty of God and the acknowledged authority of Scripture are both the centre and periphery of the reformed perspective, and from a grammatical-historical paradigm augmented by historical-cultural information, the construct of sin in the understanding of the first New Testament audience was examined. The juxtaposed construct of piety, as the logical opposite of sin, was correspondingly explored.
The doctrine of so-called successive works of grace was reviewed analytically in the second phase of the basis-theory and the conclusion was stated that this doctrine is a form of pietism. The usage of Scripture and the terminology utilized by pietistic groupings to establish their doctrine was evaluated from a grammatical-historical point of departure.
The aim of the study was to render pastoral assistance to someone who was, or is involved with the successive works of grace variation of pietism. For this reason, the meta-theoretical facet of the study did not focus on an academic study of sources to explain the phenomenon of pietism, but instead believers' experience of the successive works of grace form of pietism was investigated by means of a narrative empirical study. This investigation took place within the margins of the religious experience of three groups of participants in a church that embraces the particular doctrine. The three categories were believers that advocate the doctrine of successive works of grace, believers that abandoned the same and those that disagree with such a doctrine.
From the basis-theory and the interpretation of the empirical results, an uncomplicated hermeneutical counselling strategy was put together with due emphasis on the correct understanding of Scriptural information on the topics of sin and piety/sanctification. The aim of the strategy is to educate believers from a Scriptural position and perspective on the indicative-imperative aspects of reconciliation and sanctification in Christ.
The perfection of what Jesus has done and our reciprocal faith response is stated and conveyed in the strategy. A model consisting of a number of counselling sessions are suggested to guide believers not to adopt the particular belief or, otherwise, to provide a pastoral, remedial support to assist believers in finding liberation from the doctrine of successive works of grace.Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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GOULART, Daniel Franco. "Certificações privadas como requisito de acesso a canais europeus de distribuição: o caso do GlobalGAP na manga do Vale do São Francisco." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4489.
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This dissertation aims to verify the importance of GlobalGAP private certification to Vale do São Francisco’s mango productive chain access to the European Union retail networks. Assuming that supermarket networks from developed countries represent the main fresh fruit distribution channel and taking into account that these organizations play a decisive role on value chain governance, studies that propose to investigate the impacts from actions developed by this segment over its suppliers acquire great relevance. The fruit supply chain set beginning in developing countries and finishing at European Union presents peculiarities regarding power relations among segments and actor demands downstream that may be deeply explored by academic theories and approaches. This dissertation comes up with itself a discussion about the impacts generated by private certifications (specifically GlobalGAP) on the dynamic of Vale do São Francisco mango production flowing. For this, it was chosen as analysis tool two conceptual backgrounds: the Global Value Chain Theory and Agricultural Supply Chain Competitiveness concepts. The first theoretical instrument strives to study Global- GAP certification considering it as a result or consequence of power concentration (chain governance) by retail networks. The second conceptual approach arises to subsidize the discussions about the importance of these private protocols on the competitiveness of the productive region submitted to the standards established by the label. The data used to the development of the study were gotten from primary and secondary sources. The former source was explored through questionnaire application to important segments of the Vale do São Francisco’s mango productive sector. The latter source was obtained from mango commercial flow data, organizational aspects and world and Brazilian production numbers. The discussions were based on three elements: (1) technical information about the certification processes and the conceptual basis of GlobalGAP; (2) the adequacy of small farmers to the export reality taking into account private labels; (3) and the impacts of certifications over the Vale do São Francisco’s mango great exporter farmers. It was noticed that the irrevocable exigency from fruit importers about the necessity of GlobalGAP label created in the region a kind of clientsupplier relation between great and small farmers. The first ones, who have private certifications, complete their lots with fruits from small farmers. These relations and other nuances will be particularly discussed along this work.
O objetivo desta dissertação é verificar a importância da certificação privada GlobalGAP para o acesso dos produtores de manga do Vale do São Francisco às redes de distribuição da União Européia. Partindo-se do pressuposto de que as redes de supermercados dos países desenvolvidos representam o principal canal de distribuição de frutas frescas e sabendo-se que estas organizações jogam um papel decisivo na governança de cadeias de valor, estudos que se proponham a investigar os impactos de ações desenvolvidas por este segmento para com seus fornecedores passam a se revestir de grande relevância. A configuração das cadeias de suprimentos de frutas com origem em países em desenvolvimento e com destino à União Européia apresenta peculiaridades nas relações de poder entre os segmentos e nas demandas dos atores à jusante que podem ser profundamente explorados por teorias e abordagens acadêmicas. A presente dissertação se propõe a discutir os impactos gerados pelo advento das certificações privadas (mais especificamente o selo GlobalGAP) sobre a dinâmica da produção e do mercado da manga oriunda do Vale do São Francisco. Para tanto, escolheu-se como instrumento de análise duas bases conceituais: a Teoria da Cadeia Global de Valor e os conceitos de Competitividade em Cadeias de Suprimentos Agrícolas. O primeiro instrumento teórico tem a pretensão de estudar o certificado GlobalGAP considerando-o como um resultado ou conseqüência da concentração do poder (governança da cadeia) nas redes varejistas. A segunda teoria surge para subsidiar as discussões a respeito da importância destes protocolos privados no que concerne à competitividade da região produtora submetida aos padrões destes selos. No que se refere à metodologia, optou-se pela abordagem do tema a partir do instrumento de estudo de caso, que permite a limitação geográfica e temática da abordagem. Os dados utilizados para o desenvolvimento da dissertação foram obtidos de fontes primárias e secundárias. No primeiro caso, foram aplicados questionários junto a segmentos importantes do setor produtivo da manga no Vale do São Francisco. A segunda fonte de dados baseou-se no levantamento de informações sobre o fluxo comercial de manga, aspectos organizacionais e números relativos à produção no Brasil e no mundo. As discussões desenvolvidas nesta dissertação se basearam em três pilares: (1)informações técnicas sobre os processos de certificação e as bases conceituais do GlobalGAP; (2) a adequação dos pequenos produtores à realidade da exportação sob influência dos selos privados e (3) o impacto destes certificados sobre os grandes produtores exportadores de manga do Vale do São Francisco. Verificou-se que a irrevogável exigência por parte dos importadores de frutas produzidas sob os preceitos do GlobalGAP criou na região uma relação cliente-fornecedor entre grandes e pequenos produtores. Os primeiros, detentores das certificações privadas, completam seus lotes com frutas oriundas de áreas de pequena produção. Estas relações e outras questões serão pormenorizadamente discutidas ao longo deste trabalho.
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Beguy, Olivier. "Trois essais sur la surliquidité bancaire dans la communauté économique et monétaire d'Afrique Centrale (CEMAC)." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF10374/document.
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Cette thèse s’articule autour de trois essais consacrés à l’analyse de la surliquidité bancaire dans les pays de la CEMAC. Le premier essai a cherché à identifier les déterminants de la surliquidité des pays membres de la CEMAC sur la période de 1985 à 2002. L’estimation GMM utilisé a permis de montrer que la surliquidité en Afrique Centrale dérive à la fois du comportement de précaution des banques commerciales et des facteurs exogènes. La grande prudence des banques peut s’expliquer par l’expérience de la crise financière des années 1980, la restructuration du système bancaire, l’instabilité des dépôts et un contexte économique très risqué. L’embellie du cours du pétrole alimente les réserves excédentaires due à la faible capacité d’absorption des pays de la zone. Dans le deuxième essai, il a été question d’identifier les canaux de transmission les plus opérationnels en Afrique Centrale. La modélisation VAR a permis de montrer que le taux d’intérêt est le canal le plus faible. C’est précisément la carence d’un marché financier qui ne permet pas d’assurer le rôle de recyclage de la liquidité bancaire et de la transmission de la politique monétaire. Dans le troisième essai, a été élaboré un modèle de prévision d’inflation dans un des pays membres de la CEMAC à savoir le Tchad. Les modèles BVAR se sont révélés en Afrique Centrale être plus efficaces que les outils traditionnels (AR, ARIMA, VAR).L’analyse de sensibilité entreprise par l’approche bayesienne indique que la surliquidité exercerait des tensions inflationnistes dans la zoneThis thesis is based on three essays focused on analysis of the excess liquidity in the CEMAC countries. The first one identifies the determinants of excess liquidity in developing countries by studying the case of CEMAC member countries from 1985 to 2002. The GMM estimator used has shown that the excess liquidity in Central Africa derived from both the prudence of commercial banks and exogenous factors. The precaution of Commercial Banks can be explained by the financial crisis in 1980s, the restructuring of the banking system, the instability of deposits and a very risky economic environment. The increasing in oil prices fueling excess reserves due to the low absorption capacity of countries in the region. In the second essay, it was discussed the transmission channels in Central Africa. The VAR model used has shown that the interest rate channel is the lowest. This is exactly the lack of a financial market that does not allow ensuring the function of the recycling of liquidity and the transmission of mone ary policy. At the last essay, it was developed a forecasting model of inflation in Chad which is member of CEMAC countries. BVAR models have been shown in Chad to be more effective than traditional tools (AR, ARIMA and VAR). A sensitivity analysis undertaken by the Bayesian approach indicates that the excess liquidity would exert inflationary pressures
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Ewald, Karl Heins. "Caracterização de formas topográficas em fundos de vale no Planalto de Cascavel, Região Oeste do Estado do Paraná." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2013. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1655.
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Previous issue date: 2013-05-09Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Rivers are important agents working in the sculpturing of relief, through its high transport capacity of sediments originary from slopes and marginal erosion. The modeling occurs through the processes of erosion and deposition of sediments, which depend on variables such as lithological composition, slope, and flooding. The processes that originate topographic forms are widely described in the literature of alluvial-bed rivers, however little is known about the occurrence of these forms in mixed bed channels (alluvial-rock) and bedrock channel. In this context, this research aims to describe the topographic forms of the valleys on the Cascavel Plateau. The method for the recognition of these forms is the topographic mapping of cross sections in different parts of the channel located at the top, middle and lower course. The mapping is performed with a set level and optical sights. Were mapped four fluvial channels, two channels in areas with altimetric elevations below 400 meters, and two other channels with elevations above 700 meters. The channels have floodplains with varying lengths. Topographic forms were found as dikes, point bars, flood inundation basins, pools and riffles. The data collected show strong channel incision in the sections corresponding to the upper parts of the channels, and that in the course stretches of low flood plains are well developed. Channel meandering is a characteristic feature of the Cascavel Plateau. The formation of point bars is directly associated with the channel marginal erosion, whereas the dikes are the result of sediment settling. The pool-riffle sequences occur by the reduction of the flow velocity in some places, and, in others, by the presence of woody debris. In some parts of the river where are rock outcrop was observed the formation of pot-holes
Os rios são importantes agentes atuando na esculturação do relevo por meio da sua alta capacidade de transporte de sedimentos originários das vertentes e dos processos de erosão marginal. A modelagem ocorre através dos processos de erosão e deposição de sedimentos, que dependem de variáveis como composição litológica, declividade e cheias. Os processos que originam as formas topográficas são descritos vastamente na literatura sobre rios de leito aluviais, no entanto pouco se sabe sobre a ocorrência dessas formas em canais de leitos mistos (aluviais-rochosos) e leitos rochosos. Nesse contexto esta pesquisa objetiva a descrição das formas topográficas de fundos de vale no Planalto de Cascavel. O método para o reconhecimento dessas formas topográficas consiste no mapeamento de seções transversais em trechos distintos do canal localizados no alto, médio e baixo curso. O mapeamento é realizado com um conjunto de nível ótico e mira. Foram mapeados quatro canais fluviais, sendo dois canais em áreas com cotas altimétricas inferiores a 400 metros e, outros dois canais com cotas superiores a 700 metros. Os canais apresentam planícies de inundação com extensões variadas. Foram encontradas formas topográficas como diques, barras em pontal, bacias de inundação, soleiras e depressões. Os dados coletados mostram que há forte incisão do canal nos trechos correspondentes ao alto curso dos canais, e, que nos trechos de baixo curso as planícies de inundação são bem desenvolvidas. O meandramento de canais é uma característica do Planalto de Cascavel. A formação de barras em pontal está associada diretamente a erosão marginal, enquanto que os diques são resultantes da decantação de sedimentos. As sequências de soleiras-depressões ocorrem pela diminuição da velocidade do fluxo em alguns trechos, e, em outros, pela presença de detritos lenhosos. Nos trechos rochosos onde há afloramento rochoso foi observada a formação de marmitas
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Evangelista, InÃz Liberato. "CaracterizaÃÃo das atividades cardiorenal e neural de Bothrops marajoensis e suas fraÃÃes." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3268.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorAvaliou-se a atividade de Bothrops marajoensis (Bmj) e suas fraÃÃes no sistema cardiorrenal. A resposta pressora do veneno bruto demonstrou uma diminuiÃÃo da pressÃo arterial mÃdia e da freqÃÃncia cardÃaca, sem alteraÃÃes significativas na freqÃÃncia respiratÃria. Em ratos atropinizados demonstrou a permanÃncia dos efeitos. Na perfusÃo de coraÃÃo isolado de ratos observou-se uma diminuiÃÃo na forÃa de contraÃÃo miocÃrdica acompanhada de um aumento da pressÃo de perfusÃo, sem alteraÃÃes no fluxo coronariano. A anÃlise eletrocardiogrÃfica em ratos apÃs injeÃÃo de Bmj provocou um bloqueio Ãtrio ventricular gradual atà um bloqueio completo indicando arritmia e dificuldade de conduÃÃo atrial. Em leito vascular mesentÃrio prÃ-contraÃdo com fenilefrina nÃo houve alteraÃÃes significativas. No sistema de perfusÃo renal em ratos apresentou decrÃscimo significativo na pressÃo de perfusÃo, resistÃncia vascular, fluxo urinÃrio, ritmo de filtraÃÃo e transportes de sÃdio e de cloreto. Fosfolipase miotÃxica (tipo 1) demonstrou alteraÃÃes somente no transporte de Ãons. A atividade de Bmj em doses crescentes em nervo FrÃnico Diafragma de rato mostrou um bloqueio na forÃa de contraÃÃo dose dependente, com efeito significante nas maiores doses. Em canal deferente de camundongos induziu a uma inibiÃÃo dose dependente da contraÃÃo estimulada por campo elÃtrico. Este feito nÃo foi revertido pela Ioimbina nem por naloxone. Em outro estudo a adiÃÃo do veneno bruto de Bmj inibiu a contraÃÃo neurogÃnica,quando comparado com nenhuma queda significante pela contraÃÃo com Cch, NA ou ATP (em Krebs normal ou enriquecido com guanetidina e fentolamina. A ausÃncia de efeito do veneno bruto de Bothrops marajoensis sobre a contraÃÃo induzida pelos principais agonistas purinÃrgicos demonstra provÃvel atividade a nÃvel prÃ-sinÃptico. FraÃÃes de fosfolipases miotÃxicas (tipo 1 e tipo 2) demonstraram uma inibiÃÃo da contraÃÃo dose dependente.
In this article we evaluated the activity of Bothrops marajoensis (Bmj) and its fractions in the cardio-renal system. The results of the total venom in blood pressure experiments showed a decrease in the mean arterial pressure and heart rate without significant changes in respiratory rate. The same experiments performed in rats atropinized showed the permanence of falling blood pressure and heart rate. After administration of Bmj used in infusion of isolated rats heart of there was a decrease in myocardial force of contraction accompanied by an increase in perfusion pressure, without changes in coronary flow. The electrocardiographic analysis after injection of Bmj in rats causes a progressive atrioventricular block until a complete blockage and difficulty in atrial conduction. The assessment in the mesenteric vascular bed Bmj did not produce significant changes. The system renal perfusion in rats caused significant decrease in perfusion pressure, renal vascular resistance, urinary flow, filtration rate, transport of sodium and chloride. The phospholipase (PLA2) type 1 showed only an alteration in the transport of electrolytes. The Bmj fractions neurotoxicity in rat phrenic nerve diaphragm increasing showed a blockage dose-dependent in the strength of contraction. In mice vas deferens we observed an induced of a dose-dependent inhibition of contraction stimulated by electric field. This fact was not reversed by yohimbine or by naloxone. In another study the addition of the total venom of Bmj inhibited the neurogenic contraction, compared with no significant decrease in contraction by Cch, NA or ATP (in normal Krebs solution or with enriched with guanethidine and phentolamine). The fractions, PLA2 (type 1 and type 2) showed a dose-dependent inhibition of contraction.
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Rochon, Caroline. "Distribution et productivité de deux champignons ectomycorhiziens (Cantharellus cibarius var. roseocanus et Hypomyces lactifluorum/ Russula brevipes) en peuplements de Pin gris de l'Est du Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28370/28370.pdf.
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Les champignons ectomycorhiziens forment des symbioses racinaires avec des arbres des forêts boréales. Malgré leur importance dans cet écosystème, leurs exigences en matière d’habitat demeurent mal connues. Deux champignons comestibles, une chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius var. roseocanus Redhead, Norvell & Danell) et la dermatose des russules (Hypomyces lactifluorum (Schwein.) Tul. & C.Tul. / Russula brevipes Peck.), ont été étudiés dans cette thèse. Trois expériences ont été menées en peuplements aménagés et non aménagés de pin gris (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Cette étude visait à caractériser les paramètres environnementaux qui influencent la production de carpophores chez ces champignons, à déterminer l’impact d’une peturbation forestière sur ces derniers et à préciser l’importance de la phénologie du pin gris pour la fructification de C. cibarius var. roseocanus. Les résultats relient la distribution (présence/absence des carpophores) et la productivité (biomasse fraîche et densité des carpophores) de ces champignons à des paramètres du sol, du peuplement, de la végétation et du climat. L’aménagement de sentiers n’a pas augmenté la production de carpophores de dermatose des russules, mais l’a maintenu durant les périodes de faibles précipitations. La productivité de ce champignon présente des corrélations positives avec l’abondance de plantes intolérantes à l’ombre et l’ammonium extractible et négatives avec le pH du sol. La productivité de C. cibarius var. roseocanus s’équivaut entre le peuplement aménagé et non aménagé malgré l’absence de carpophores dans les sentiers du peuplement aménagé. L’association végétale Solidago puberula – Comptonia peregrina – Pinus banksiana et la présence de mousses représente un habitat propice à la fructification de cette chanterelle, alors que la présence de plantes éricacées la défavoriserait. Les précipitations et la température de l’air ont aussi un impact sur la quantité de carpophores. Le pic de fructification de C. cibarius var. roseocanus suit la transition du bois juvénile vers le bois mature. Durant la saison de croissance, la respiration du carpophore est synchronisée avec la respiration totale du sol et ces deux respirations sont corrélées avec les variations de températures du sol. Les résultats permettront de mieux prédire la distribution et la productivité de ces espèces en peuplements de pin gris. Ces connaissances contribueront au développement et à l’exploitation durable de cette ressource.Ectomycorrhizal fungi form root symbioses with boreal tree species. Despite their importance in that ecosystem, their requirements in term of habitat remain unknown. Two edible mushrooms, a chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius var. roseocanus Redhead, Norvell & Danell) and the lobster mushroom (Hypomyces lactifluorum (Schwein.) Tul. & C.Tul. / Russula brevipes Peck.) were studied in this thesis. Three experiments were conducted in managed and unmanaged jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stands. This research aimed to characterize the ecological parameters related to the production of sporocarps of these fungi, to determine the impact of a specific forest disturbance on the latter and to specify the importance of jack pine phenology on the pattern of C. cibarius var. roseocanus carpophore production. Results allowed us to link the mushroom distribution (sporocarp presence/absence) and the productivity (fresh sporocarp biomass and sporocarp density) to specific soil, stand, plant and meteorological parameters. Trail management did not increase lobster mushroom carpophore production but maintained it during periods of reduced precipitation. Productivity of this fungus was positively related to the abundance of shade-intolerant plant species and to extractable ammonium concentration, and negatively related to soil pH. C. cibarius var. roseocanus sporocarp productivity was similar for the managed and the unmanaged stands despite the absence of carpophore on trails of the managed stand. The Solidago puberula – Comptonia peregrina– Pinus banksiana association and mosses presence indicated high-quality environments for chanterelle fructification, whereas ericaceous species presence restricted it. Rainfall and air temperature also had an impact on the carpophore productivity. The C. cibarius var. roseocanus fructification peak followed the earlywood–latewood transition within days. Over the growing season the carpophore respiration was in synchrony with the total soil respiration and these respirations were correlated to the soil temperature patterns. Results will enable the prediction of the distribution and the productivity of these species in jack pine stands. This knowledge will contribute to the sustainable development and use of this natural resource.
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Ferreira, Angel Thiane Boschiero. "Caracterização da estrutura anatômica do lenho, dos anéis de crescimento e dos canais de resina de árvores de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis Barr. et Golf." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-18052009-151531/.
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As pesquisas com resinagem de árvores de espécies de pinus têm mostrado o efeito de fatores que afetam a produção e a qualidade da resina, relacionado com as espécies, variabilidade genética, taxa de crescimento, idade, manejo florestal, etc. As práticas de extração da goma-resina, a concentração, freqüência da aplicação de estimulantes químicos, época de abertura dos painéis, etc., têm sido, da mesma forma, analisadas. No entanto, há necessidade do desenvolvimento de pesquisas direcionadas ao estudo da formação e da estrutura do lenho e dos canais de resina das árvores de pinus. Pelo exposto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos a caracterização da estrutura anatômica do lenho, dos anéis de crescimento e dos canais de resina, através de metodologias de histologia e de densitometria de raios X, de amostras de árvores de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis resinadas e não resinadas, de três classes de diâmetro. Árvores de pinus, de plantação florestal instalada em 1969, na Estação Ecológica Experimental de Itirapina, do Instituto Florestal do Estado de São Paulo, foram mensuradas e estratificadas em três classes de diâmetro do tronco. As árvores de pinus têm sido resinadas desde 2004, com a abertura de dois painéis simultâneos e opostos. Sessenta amostras do lenho das árvores de pinus foram extraídas do tronco das árvores através de método não destrutivo e, em laboratório, (i) analisada e descrita a estrutura anatômica macro e microscópica do lenho; (ii) caracterizados os anéis de crescimento e determinada a densidade aparente do lenho por densitometria de raios X; (iii) caracterizados e descritos os canais de resina axiais e radiais e sua interconexão. Os resultados das análises evidenciaram que (i) a estrutura anatômica macro e microscópica do lenho e dos anéis de crescimento é característica da espécie; (ii) os anéis de crescimento falsos ocorrem nos lenhos inicial e tardio dos anéis de crescimento anuais devido as variações climáticas; (iii) a análise dos anéis de crescimento demonstrou que as árvores têm 38 anos, comprovada pela data de plantio; (iv) o comprimento e a espessura da parede das traqueídes não diferiram nas três classes de diâmetro do tronco; (v) a largura e o diâmetro do lume das traqueídes mostraram diferenças significativas, com maiores valores na classe de maior diâmetro do tronco; (vi) a densitometria de raios X possibilitou a demarcação dos limites dos anéis de crescimento e a determinação da freqüência dos canais de resina axiais; (vii) a densidade aparente média do lenho mostrou diferença significativa entre as árvores da classe de diâmetro alta em relação as das classes média-baixa; (viii) os canais de resina axiais localizam-se em maior freqüência no lenho tardio e apresentaram maior diâmetro de menor classe de diâmetro; (ix) as características do lenho e dos canais de resina nas faces testemunha e resinada não mostraram diferenças significativas.The research on resin tapping trees with pine species have shown the effect of factors that affect the production and quality of resin, related with the species, genetic variability, growth rate, age, forest management, etc.. The gum-resin extraction practices, the concentration, frequency of application of chemical stimulants, the time of year that panels are opening, etc., have been in the same manner, discussed. However, there is need for further research directed to study the formation and structure of the wood and resin canals from the pine trees. Therefore, this work aimed to characterize the anatomical structure of wood, the tree rings and resin canals, through methodology of histology and X-ray densitometry, of resin tapped and not resin tapped Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis trees samples, of three diameter classes. Pine trees, in forest plantation established in 1969, in the Ecological Experimental Station of Itirapina, from the Forestry Institute of São Paulo State, were measured and stratified into three classes of diameter of the trunk. The pine trees have been resin tapped since 2004, with the opening of two simultaneous and opposing panels. Sixty samples of pine wood trees were extracted from the tree trunk through a non-destructive method, and in the laboratory, (i) examined and described the macro- and microscopic anatomical structure of wood, (ii) characterized the tree rings and determined the wood apparent density by X-ray densitometry, (iii) characterized and described the ducts for axial and radial resin and its inter-connection. The test results showed that (i) the macro- and microscopic anatomical structure of wood and the tree rings are characteristic of the species, (ii) the false tree rings occur in the early wood and latewood of the tree rings due to climate change (iii) the analysis of tree rings showed that 38 years have proven the date of planting of the trees, (iv) the length and thickness of tracheids wall did not differ in the three diameter classes of the trunk, (v) the tracheids lumen width and diameter showed significant differences, with higher values in the larger diameter class trunk, (vi) the Xray densitometry allowed the demarcation of the tree rings limits and determination of the axial resin canals frequency (vii) the wood apparent density average was significantly different between the trees in high class diameter from the medium-low, (viii) the axial resin canals can be found more frequently in the latewood and had larger diameter in the lowest diameter class, (ix) the wood and resin canals characteristics from the resin tapped and no resin tapped faces did not show significant differences.
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Janeiro, Eva Isabel Crisótomo. "Transmissão monetária: resultados da aplicação de modelos VAR a Portugal e Alemanha." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2832.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraTendo em conta o enquadramento da Terceira Fase da UEM, este trabalho aborda a questão da transmissão da política monetária à economia real. São estimados modelos VAR que pretendem identificar os efeitos de choques de taxa de juro sobre o produto e preços de duas economias da UEM, Portugal e Alemanha, em dois contextos distintos, políticas monetárias independentes e política monetária única. Paralelamente, estuda-se a importância relativa dos vários canais de transmissão monetária para o efeito total registado (canais de taxa de juro, taxa de câmbio e crédito). Os resultados confirmaram, como seria esperado, a reacção negativa do produto e preços dos dois países a aumentos de taxa de juro. Na transmissão monetária do período pré-UEM foram encontradas diferenças entre os dois países, a nível da magnitude e do timingdos efeitos. Considerando os resultados no contexto de política monetária única, concluiu-se que parte dessas diferenças estaria associada às diferentes funções de reacção e não a diferenças nos mecanismos de transmissão. Adicionalmente, encontraram-se indícios de que o mecanismo de transmissão destes países não se tenha alterado, de forma significativa, a partir de 1999. Ainda no contexto da UEM, concluiu-se que Portugal ocupa uma posição vulnerável, como país pequeno e como detentor de um mecanismo de transmissão forte. Relativamente aos vários canais de transmissão, os resultados comprovaram a relevância do canal de taxa de câmbio para Portugal no período pré-UEM. O canal do crédito e o de taxa de juro foram considerados relevantes para este país em ambos os regimes de política monetária. Na Alemanha, a taxa de juro terá sido o principal canal de transmissão em funcionamento, tendo repartido parte do seu papel com o canal do crédito no contexto da UEM e, eventualmente, com o canal de taxa de câmbio no período pré-UEM.
This thesis examines the issue of monetary policy transmission against the background of Stage Three of EMU. The intention is to identify, through the estimation of VAR models, the effects of an interest rate shock on the output and prices of two EMU economies, Portugal and Germany. This is done from two different perspectives, monetary policy independence and common monetary policy. Concurrently it is studied the relative strength of different channels of monetary transmission (interest rate, exchange rate and credit). The results confirmed, as expected, that in both countries, an interest rate shock leads to a decrease in both output and prices. In the pre-EMU period, it was found some heterogeneity in monetary policy transmission of the two countries as regards the strength and timing of the effects. However, considering the outcome from the EMU perspective, it was concluded that part of this heterogeneity might be due to the different monetary policy reaction functions rather than different transmission mechanisms. Some results were also found that seem to point to the maintenance of transmission mechanisms, in these countries, after 1999. Under EMU, Portugal was seen as being in a vulnerable position, being a small country with a strong monetary transmission mechanism. As for the monetary transmission channels, the results confirmed the significance for Portugal of the exchange rate channel in the pre-EMU period. Credit and interest rate channels were found to be of relevance, for this country, in both monetary policy regimes. In Germany, the interest rate channel was the dominant factor in monetary policy transmission. However, part of it was shared with the credit channel within the EMU perspective and, possibly, with the exchange rate channel when considering the pre-EMU period.
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Beguy, Olivier. "TROIS ESSAIS SUR LA SURLIQUITÉ BANCAIRE DANS LA COMMUNAUTE ECONOMIQUE ET MONETAIRE D'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (CEMAC)." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679471.
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Cette thèse s'articule autour de trois essais consacrés à l'analyse de la surliquidité bancaire dans les pays de la CEMAC. Le premier essai a cherché à identifier les déterminants de la surliquidité des pays membres de la CEMAC sur la période de 1985 à 2002. L'estimation GMM utilisé a permis de montrer que la surliquidité en Afrique Centrale dérive à la fois du comportement de précaution des banques commerciales et des facteurs exogènes. La grande prudence des banques peut s'expliquer par l'expérience de la crise financière des années 1980, la restructuration du système bancaire, l'instabilité des dépôts et un contexte économique très risqué. L'embellie du cours du pétrole alimente les réserves excédentaires due à la faible capacité d'absorption des pays de la zone. Dans le deuxième essai, il a été question d'identifier les canaux de transmission les plus opérationnels en Afrique Centrale. La modélisation VAR a permis de montrer que le taux d'intérêt est le canal le plus faible. C'est précisément la carence d'un marché financier qui ne permet pas d'assurer le rôle de recyclage de la liquidité bancaire et de la transmission de la politique monétaire. Dans le troisième essai, a été élaboré un modèle de prévision d'inflation dans un des pays membres de la CEMAC à savoir le Tchad. Les modèles BVAR se sont révélés en Afrique Centrale être plus efficaces que les outils traditionnels (AR, ARIMA, VAR). L'analyse de sensibilité entreprise par l'approche bayesienne indique que la surliquidité exercerait des tensions inflationnistes dans la zone.
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Evans, Aaron Blake. "Frozen fish rights, a socio-legal analysis of R. v. Gladstone, R. v. Van der Peet & R. v. N.T.C. smokehouse, at the Supreme Court of Canada, 1995-1996." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ37524.pdf.
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Sabta, Houyem. "Fluctuations internationales et conjoncture économique tunisienne." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2003/document.
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L’objectif de la thèse est d’étudier les cycles économiques en Tunisie en se centrant principalement sur les questions suivantes : quel est leur degré de synchronisation avec les fluctuations économiques des pays développés et quels sont les mécanismes de transmission de ces fluctuations sur l’économie tunisienne ? Pour répondre à cette problématique, le travail est divisé en trois chapitres. Le premier chapitre cherche à retracer les cycles économiques tunisien comparés aux cycles économiques mondiaux, représentés par quatre pays développés (PDE) : la France, l'Italie, l'Allemagne (qui sont les principaux partenaires commerciaux de la Tunisie) et les Etats-Unis (du fait de leur poids dans l'économie mondiale). Dans le deuxième chapitre, le travail introduit l’extraction des composantes cycliques d’autres variables macro-économiques internes (globales et sectorielles) et externes à l’économie tunisienne, afin d’identifier les sources des chocs et les canaux à travers ces chocs sont transmis. Le dernier chapitre a pour objet une validation économétrique des résultats descriptifs des faits stylisés données au premier et au deuxième chapitre, et de savoir à quel degré la nouvelle synthèse néoclassique peut être appliquée à l'économie tunisienne. Les résultats des faits stylisés montrent que le cycle économique tunisien est sensible aux trois catégories de variables étudiées, réelles, monétaires et financières, confirmant ainsi la théorie de la nouvelle synthèse néoclassique. L'application des modèles, VAR structurel et modèle dynamique à composante inobservable, valide les résultats des faits stylisés. En effet, les estimations du modèle VAR structurel montrent que les trois chocs qui contribuent le plus à la variance du PIB tunisien sont les chocs d'offre, les chocs monétaires et les chocs extérieurs. Concernant l'évaluation de la synchronisation du cycle tunisien avec ceux des PDE à partir du modèle à facteur inobservable de Stock et Watson, les résultats montrent un rôle significatif du facteur commun sur le cycle tunisien. Pour les déterminants de la synchronisation du cycle tunisien avec ceux des PDE, la transmission des fluctuations des pays partenaires commerciaux paraît se faire à travers les demandes intérieures, l'indice des prix des matières premières et le taux du marché monétaire en zone euro. Les exportations et les importations tunisiennes n'ont montré un rôle significatif qu'avec le premier partenaire commercial, la France. Pour les Etats-Unis, les fluctuations sont transmises à travers deux variables "européennes", le taux du marché monétaire en zone euro et les envois de fonds des immigrés, suggérant le rôle intermédiaire des pays partenaires commerciaux européens dans la transmission des fluctuations américaines et internationales à l'économie tunisienneThe aim of the thesis is to study the Tunisian business cycles. We focus mainly on the following questions: To what extent do they synchronize with the economic fluctuations of the developed countries and what are transmission mechanisms of such fluctuations on the Tunisian business cycles? To tackle this problem, the work is organized into three chapters. The first chapter seeks to compare the Tunisian business cycles to international business cycles, represented by four developed countries: France, Italy, Germany (which are the main trade partners of Tunisia) and the United States (due to their importance in the world economy). In the second chapter, the work introduces the extraction of cyclical components of domestic and external macroeconomic variables (global and sector levels) in order to identify the sources of shocks and channels through which these shocks are transmitted. The last chapter deals with an econometric validation of the stylized facts presented in the first and second chapter and seeks to find out the degree to which the new neoclassical synthesis can be applied to the Tunisian business cycles. The stylized facts show that the Tunisian business cycle is sensitive to three categories of variables, (real, monetary and financial variables), this result confirms the theory of the New Neoclassical Synthesis. The structural VAR model and the dynamic latent factor model validate the stylized facts. Indeed, the estimation of the structural VAR model shows that the three shocks that contribute the most to the variance of the Tunisian GDP are supply shocks, monetary shocks and external shocks. Concerning the synchronization of the Tunisian business cycle with those of developed countries according to unobservable factor model of Stock and Watson, the results show a significant role of the common factor on the Tunisian business cycle. For the determinants of synchronization of the Tunisian business cycle with those of developed countries, the transmission of fluctuations in trading partner countries seems to be carried out through domestic demand, the international price index of raw materials and the money market rates in the Euro zone. Tunisian exports and imports showed a significant role with the first trading partner, France. For the United States, the fluctuations are transmitted through two "European" variables, the money market rates in the euro zone and remittances of immigrants, suggesting the intermediary role of European trade partners in the transmission of American and international fluctuations to the Tunisian economy
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Ben, Amar Amine. "Les canaux de transmission de la politique monétaire en finance non-conventionnelle." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED037.
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Gouvernée par un socle juridique d’inspiration religieuse, le fonctionnement de la banque islamique est, sur le plan théorique, différent de celui de la banque conventionnelle. Bien que la littérature portant sur les mécanismes de transmission de la politique monétaire dans un cadre conventionnel soit abondante, rares sont les travaux, théoriques et empiriques, qui examinent le rôle des banques islamiques dans cette transmission. En effet, la littérature existante ne présente pas de schéma analytique complet permettant d’appréhender clairement le rôle des banques islamiques dans la transmission de la politique monétaire, et d'identifier et spécifier la nature des interactions entre banques islamiques et banques conventionnelles. L’ambition de la présente thèse, structurée en trois chapitres, consiste donc à étudier par quels mécanismes et dans quelles mesures la banque centrale est susceptible de réguler l’activité économique en présence de banques islamiquesGoverned by a religiously inspired legal framework, Islamic banking is, in theory, different from conventional banking. While the literature on the transmission mechanisms of monetary policy in a conventional framework is abundant, very little research, theoretical and empirical, has been focused directly at the role of Islamic banks in this transmission. Indeed, the existing literature does not present a complete analytical framework allowing a full and clear understanding of the role of Islamic banks in the transmission of monetary policy, and to identify and specify the nature of the interactions between Islamic and conventional banks. The aim of this thesis, made up of three chapters, is to study by which mechanisms and to what extent the central bank is likely to regulate the economic activity in the presence of Islamic banks
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Vanasse, Étienne, and Étienne Vanasse. "Risque de longévité pour les régimes de retraite canadiens à prestations déterminées." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37035.
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Ce mémoire étudie le risque de longévité pour un régime de retraite à prestations déterminées dans un contexte québécois et canadien. On le définit comme le risque que les retraités vivent significativement plus longtemps que prévu, occasionnant des pertes pour le régime. Afin de le quantifier, on a recours à des données du Régime de pensions du Canada (RPC), du Régime de rentes du Québec (RRQ) et de la Base de données sur la longévité canadienne (BDLC) permettant l’utilisation de différentes variables explicatives (âge, année, cohorte, revenu et région). Une projection stochastique de la mortalité sur plusieurs sous-populations est effectuée selon un cadre général inspiré de Hunt et Blake (2014) et une approche de modèle relatif de Villegas et Haberman (2014). Selon les modèles identifiés et retenus dans ce mémoire, une évolution défavorable de la mortalité pour un régime de retraite, à un niveau de confiance de 95 %, pourrait occasionner une hausse d’environ 5% du coût des rentes pour les femmes et de 10 à 15 % du coût des rentes pour les hommes. Ces hausses de coût se comparent, pour une hypothèse de rendement de 4 % (i = 4,0 %), à une diminution de 0,4 % (i = 3,6 %) de cette hypothèse pour les femmes et de 1,0 % (i = 3,0 %) pour les hommes. Également, les résultats de la modélisation tendent à démontrer l’ordre suivant quant à l’importance relative des variables étudiées afin d’expliquer le niveau de la mortalité des femmes et des hommes : 1) l’âge 2) l’année 3) le revenu (proxy socio-économique) 4) la région (RPC vs RRQ). Il n’a pas été possible de déterminer qu’une variable de cohorte était nécessaire pour améliorer la modélisation de la mortalité des retraités canadiens.Ce mémoire étudie le risque de longévité pour un régime de retraite à prestations déterminées dans un contexte québécois et canadien. On le définit comme le risque que les retraités vivent significativement plus longtemps que prévu, occasionnant des pertes pour le régime. Afin de le quantifier, on a recours à des données du Régime de pensions du Canada (RPC), du Régime de rentes du Québec (RRQ) et de la Base de données sur la longévité canadienne (BDLC) permettant l’utilisation de différentes variables explicatives (âge, année, cohorte, revenu et région). Une projection stochastique de la mortalité sur plusieurs sous-populations est effectuée selon un cadre général inspiré de Hunt et Blake (2014) et une approche de modèle relatif de Villegas et Haberman (2014). Selon les modèles identifiés et retenus dans ce mémoire, une évolution défavorable de la mortalité pour un régime de retraite, à un niveau de confiance de 95 %, pourrait occasionner une hausse d’environ 5% du coût des rentes pour les femmes et de 10 à 15 % du coût des rentes pour les hommes. Ces hausses de coût se comparent, pour une hypothèse de rendement de 4 % (i = 4,0 %), à une diminution de 0,4 % (i = 3,6 %) de cette hypothèse pour les femmes et de 1,0 % (i = 3,0 %) pour les hommes. Également, les résultats de la modélisation tendent à démontrer l’ordre suivant quant à l’importance relative des variables étudiées afin d’expliquer le niveau de la mortalité des femmes et des hommes : 1) l’âge 2) l’année 3) le revenu (proxy socio-économique) 4) la région (RPC vs RRQ). Il n’a pas été possible de déterminer qu’une variable de cohorte était nécessaire pour améliorer la modélisation de la mortalité des retraités canadiens.
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Cieslarová, Andrea. "Analýza vývoje sazeb DPH a zdanění příjmů ve vyspělých zemích." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114679.
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This thesis is dealing with development and analysis of value added tax rates and income tax rates in developed countries. Developed countries are member states of European Union and member states of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Standard value added tax rates are analysed during period 1971 till 2011 for both formations with following comparison. The development of corporate tax rates is observed from 1981 to 2011 again for both formations with comparison afterwards. For the same period of time are analysed free marginal rates of personal income tax but only within OECD. Next can be found analysis and comparisons of rates mentioned above from seven chosen states including the Czech Republic. In the final part, the development of tax rates in chosen states with respect to the development of GDP in these states is presented. The development in chosen states is surveyed for the period 1981-2011.
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Adamsonová, Kristína. "Městské lázně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215646.
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ARCHITECTURE The centre and entrance point for atrection a relx is terace with pool, with corridor to cafe and skylights that leads to reception. Around this atrium, there is a ramp, rising up. Pools are not see n ko the screens are individual attractions, atmosphere. The height change of each pool, sauna and whether this involves physical effort is rewarded with open views to the surroundings and relax themselves. Entering the building through a covered, but bright bay, passage is a continuation of the street fishing. Thus the very end of the reception side. Thus eliminate the problem of a parcel which is like a scene out of town. Layout In the passages suggest leaving the car park, Kafe-bar with a simple menu and fresh multifunctional workshop, creative playground. It is known fact, that in the old spa locations to find valuable pieces of pottery, small painting and sculpture and other artifacts that speak of links with the vivacious work, relax, relax with a manual and spiritual. This room will also serve as a nursery for parents resting in the spa, in the specified date and time. Upon entering the spa itself, the reception with high ceilings and skylights from the terrace, the visitor to the issue of changing rooms with bathroom facilities. Consequently, the choice whether to receive the attractions, or go down to the fitness center or gym. Another option is to move the spa itself. In the direction from the top down it is pliable dough, the blood will get the opposite route, in which the visitor shall issue a physical effort. 2np In addition to coffee for guests only and exit to the terrace, and massage booths are located. Much of the area occupied by the technical room, spa bath as well as administration. On the next floor guest vystkytne a larger foyer, drinking KURO room and swimming and first aid. Glass facades can be glanced only in forests of the Riviera, but the atrium, with an outdoor terrace and heated swimming pool at all times. Foyer is the actual beginning of the journey. The first ramp is rising just from my father. All the dark hallway, followed by a bright and translucent glass facades. The key is just a wall bordering the ramps and a few additional columns for the perimeter of the building. About half a meter above (and always rises only about 500 mm, the gradient of 1:16 to 8 meters length), the visitor gets to the first pool. Sunny southern facade is designed as a double, at this point is the greenhouse, it is no wonder that the first two pools are linked to breathing, inhalation, nature herbs. The hall (+7400) is glass mat glass sanitary unit consisting of two toilets, toilets for disabled people and installation bay. On one front wall of the shower. This element is repeated, the cabin is only 2.6 meters high (sv room is 3.65 meters), it was acting to hinder lightweight and transparent. On the left side counterclockwise overcomes next ramp stages. Pools are right to counter a výrivý. In this part of the facade facing the street catchment area, the intersection of fishing and of 8 m of pools have already seen the two interface Brno: Petrov and Špilberk. There is also a visitor gets to escape-connecting staircase. Possibility of shortening the path to the sauna is right here. The following pool of options in turn draws the double facade. Studenúuvodu make cold, shielded, north-facing environment. Hot pool at a height level of hygiene cab ...
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Marques, Elodie Gomes. "As obras públicas no Vale do Tejo: a navegação do canal da Azambuja. Reconversão do Canal da Azambuja." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/17675.
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Tendo como ponto de partida o rio Tejo, iniciamos uma
viagem pela redescoberta da influência deste eixo no território
português. Na leitura das suas margens como palimpsesto, ao
desvendar as camadas e os vestígios, conseguimos ler a história
e memórias, descobrimos valores culturais e territoriais que
testemunham a forma como o Homem se apoderou e relacionou
com o território ao longo do tempo.
Cedo se manifestaram dois grandes interesses: o da
navegação fluvial eoda agricultura; foram desenvolvidas inúmeras
Obras Públicas para esses fins, nomeadamente com a
canalização e limpeza do rio Tejo e a abertura de valas de
drenagem nos campos limítrofes. A fusão desses dois interesses
é explicito na Lezíria do Tejo, local onde nos focaremos. Ao
desvendar vestígios neste território, descobrimos na margem
direita do Tejo a existência de um edifício apalaçado. Localizado
junto à foz da Vala da Azambuja, e muito próximo do rio, a
estranheza da presença de um edifício de desenho racional num
território natural e bucólico levou à descoberta de um sistema
hídrico e económico: a Vala da Azambuja - inicialmente mandada
construir para os interesses de drenagem dos campos agrícolas, e
que foi posteriormente redesenhada no século XIX e apropriada
pela Companhia dos Canais de Azambuja para a sua
navegabilidade e transporte de passageiros e mercadorias desde
a sua foz até à ponte da Asseca, ou vice versa, num percurso de
quase vinte cinco quilómetros.
É em Azambuja, que se revela e preserva a memória
da estrutura de apoio à navegação da Vala da Azambuja. Este
trabalho recupera e regenera o espaço da antiga foz da Vala da
Azambuja e propõe uma nova viagem pelo sistema hídrico
existente.Having as a starting point the Tagus river, we began a journey rediscovering the influence of this axis in the Portuguese territory. In reading its margins as a palimpsest, in uncovering it´s layers and traces, we have been able to unveil the history and memories, discovering the cultural and territorial values that testify to the way Man has seized and related to the territory over time. Two major interests soon emerged: river navigation and agriculture; numerous public works were developed for these purposes, namely with the channeling and cleaning of the Tagus River and the opening of drainage ditches in the bordering fields. The union of these two interests is explicit in the Lezíria do Tejo, where we will focus. On discovering vestiges in this territory, we discovered on the right bank of the Tagus the existence of a palatial building. Located near the Vala da Azambuja, and very close to the river, the strangeness of the presence of a rational designed building in a natural and rural territory led to the discovery of a water and economic system: the Vala da Azambuja - initially built for the drainage interests of the agricultural fields, later redesignated in the nineteenth century and appropriated by the Company of Canals of Azambuja for its navigability and transportation of passengers and goods from its mouth to the bridge of Asseca, or vice versa, in a course of almost twenty kilometers. It is in Azambuja that it reveals itself and preserves the memory of the support structure for the navigability of the Vala da Azambuja. This work recovers, preserves and regenerates the area of the old mouth of the Vala da Azambuja and proposes a new journey through the existing water system.
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Barbe, Patrice. "Caractérisation d'une minéralisation aurifère centrée sur une brèche intrusive, propriété Dubuisson, Val d'Or, Québec, Canada." Thèse, 2011. http://constellation.uqac.ca/2164/1/030260929.pdf.
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La propriété Dubuisson, appartenant à ressources Métanor, se situe à la limite Ouest de la ville de Val d'Or. Elle est l'hôte de l'ancienne mine Stabell, productrice d'une faible quantité d'or et de cuivre au courant des années 1930. Plus récemment, un important décapage à permis de mettre à jour une minéralisation aurifère associée à une veine de quartz carbonate. Cette dernière est encaissée dans une zone de cisaillement à décrochement dextre recoupant un complexe intrusif polyphasé dont la phase la plus importante renferme un faciès de brèche intrusive polygénique.
Les phases sont pour la plupart tardives à la déformation régionale et au pic métamorphique. Elles suivent une évolution de magmas intermédiares à felsiques d'affinité sub-alcaline vers des magmas de plus faible volumes progressivement plus mafiques et/ou alcalins. Outre l'association spatiale évidente, les relations de terrain suggèrent une certaine proximité temporelle entre Phydrothermalisme et les dernières phases magmatiques.
L'assemblage métallique et une caractérisation isotopique sommaire ont permis de souligner certaines différences avec d'autres gisements filoniens plus classiques du camp minier. Certaines de ces caractéristiques sont également mentionnées dans le cas de minéralisations aurifères génétiquement liées au magmatisme, tant pour des cas archéens que des équivalents plus jeunes. Un des dykes tardifs du complexe intrusif a été daté à 2672.6 +2.1/-1.5 Ma et représenterais une nouvelle limite inférieure pour l'âge du champ de veine à quartz-carbonate dans le secteur de Val d'Or.
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Coetzee, Johannes Petrus Roux. "Morfohistologie en ensiematiese werking van die spysverteringskanaal van Labeo capensis (Teleostei : Cyprinidae)." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9086.
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M.Sc. (Zoology)Temperature plays a very important role in the metabolic environment of coldblooded animals such as fish. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of digestive processes and the importance of temperature in the digestive system of Labeo capensis. An important consideration in the choice of the experimental animal was the economic potential and widespread occurrence of Labeo capensis in the riversystems of the Transvaal. The experimental animals were kept at three different acclimation temperatures ( 14, 19 and 25 + 1°C) for a period of six weeks. An assessment of the influence of acclimation temperature on enzyme activity vas made using test kits supplied by BOERINGER-MANNHEIM. No information exists on the morphohistology of Labeo capensis and therefore investigation on the anatomy of the digestive system was carried out in this survey. The ventro-anterior mouth is ideally situated for bottom-feeding. Pharyngeal teeth and a pharyngeal pad (or palatal organ) is situated dorsally at the entrance to the oesophagus. A short oesophagus, which possesses both a supra- and infraoesophageal valve, exists. No stomach is present and the intestinal bulge affixes the intestine to the oesophagus. The exceptionally Iona intestinum proper lies coiled in the abdominal cavity. No rectum can be identified. The micro-anatomy of the intestinal proper and bulge differs minimally. The intestinal bulge possesses longer, slimmer villi in comparrison of the flat thickened villi of the intestine proper. The bulge lacks a longitudinal muscle layer. L. capensis cellulase and dicarrboxylase activty may be contributed to the intestinal microflora and/or foodstuffs present in the digestive system. Amylase possesses the highest and the proteases (trypsin and chymotrypsin) the lowest activity. The effect of acclimation temperature is most evident on amylase, and to a lesser extent on the phosphatases. Trypsin and chymotrypsin activity is less affected by acclimation temperature, although a distinctive loss of activity is recorded for both these enzymes. The loss of acid phosphatase activity is partially contributed to the rise in intestinal pH. The effect of reaction temperature was measured and recorded as AT-values.
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Nóbrega, Isabel de Goes. "Impacto da política monetária no mercado acionista em Portugal: uma abordagem através de dois canais distintos." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/13015.
Full textAbstract:
JEL classification: E52 Monetary Policy; E44 Financial Markets and MacroeconomyEste trabalho tem como objetivo explorar a influência da política monetária no mercado acionista português. Para o efeito, estuda qual o impacto que a variação da taxa EONIA tem no índice do PSI20 através de uma abordagem diferente, que engloba o estudo de dois canais distintos. O primeiro debruça-se sobre o efeito da taxa EONIA na procura agregada e efeito desta na bolsa. O segundo olha para o efeito da taxa EONIA nas obrigações do tesouro a um ano e para o efeito destas no PSI20. O método utilizado foi a explicitação de modelo VAR (Vetor Autorregressivo) incluindo as quatro variáveis, que são analisadas com dados trimestrais relativos ao período 2002-2014. Os resultados sugerem que os dois canais são importantes e que o canal das obrigações do tesouro exerce efeito a um prazo mais curto relativamente ao canal da procura agregada.
The purpose of this work is to explore the influence of monetary policy in the Portuguese stock market. To do so, it analyses the impact that the variation of the EONIA rate has in the PSI20 index through a different approach which includes the study of two distinct channels. The first focuses on the effect of EONIA rate in aggregate demand and its effect on the stock market. The second looks at the effect of EONIA rate on one-year treasury bonds and its effect on PSI20 index. A VAR (Vector Autoregressive) model with the four variables, including data from 2002 to 2014, was used as the methodology to answer the question proposed. The results suggest that the two channels are important and that the channel of the treasury bonds has an effect on PSI20 on a shorter term when comparing to the channel of aggregate demand.
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Kokou, Kokouvi M. Joseph. "Prévision des prix du logement avec des VAR : l'impact de l'addition des effets spatiaux." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1158/1/M10540.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Ce mémoire examine la qualité de prévision des prix immobiliers au Canada et dans cinq de ses régions métropolitaines, en utilisant trois modèles économétriques: VAR (Modèle d'autorégression vectorielle), VECM (Modèle vectoriel à correction d'erreur), VAR spatial (Modèle d'autorégression vectorielle spatiale). Le VAR spatial permet d'incorporer les effets spatiaux dans la modélisation. Les résultats des estimations du VAR, du VECM et du VAR spatial et les fonctions de réponse permettent de faire les constats suivants: (i) un choc d'emploi affecte positivement le prix du logement; (ii) un choc de politique monétaire (taux d'intérêt) a un impact négatif sur le prix immobilier. Pour mesurer la qualité prédictive des trois approches, nous avons fait appel à deux mesures de choix de modèle: la Racine de l'Erreur Quadratique Moyenne (Root Mean Squared Error, RMSE) et le gain d'efficacité (Relative Root Mean Squared Error). Les résultats indiquent que: (i) le VAR spatial donne une prévision de meilleure qualité comparativement au VECM et au VAR conventionnel; (ii) l'incorporation de l'interaction entre deux régions dans un modèle VAR permet de mieux prévoir le prix immobilier. En somme, le taux d'intérêt et l'emploi demeurent des facteurs-clés dans la modélisation du prix du logement. De plus, l'approche VAR spatial permet d'améliorer la qualité de la prévision de cette variable d'intérêt. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Économétrie, Prévision, Prix immobilier, VAR spatial, VECM, VAR.
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Lamas, Isabella Alves. "Vale quanto pesa? A emergência de novos espaços de governação em megaprojetos de mineração no Brasil, Canadá e Moçambique." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/80348.
Full textAbstract:
Tese de doutoramento em Relações Internacionais, na especialidade de Política Internacional e Resolução de Conflitos, apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de CoimbraA difusão do poder na governação global tem dado crescente protagonismo para a importância da inclusão das corporações multinacionais (CMNs) nas analises sobre política internacional. Mas, apesar da abertura da área das Relações Internacionais (RI) para a complexidade da governação a nível mundial, a maioria das investigações têm como foco os níveis de análise da macro política global e há pouquíssimos trabalhos empiricamente fundamentados sobre CMNs, particularmente sobre os seus efeitos na vida cotidiana de populações. Esta tese contribui para responder a essa lacuna de conhecimento sobre o fenômeno do crescente envolvimento de corporações na governação e é o produto de um trabalho empírico extenso feito a partir do caso da atuação da CMN mineradora brasileira Vale S.A. em distintos estados hospedeiros/sede em contextos de paz formal: Brasil, Canadá e Moçambique. Partindo dos quadros teórico-conceituais da Economia Política Internacional (centrada no papel das CMNs localmente), da Ecologia Política (centrada na relação entre conflitualidade e recursos naturais) e das ferramentas analíticas foucaultianas de disciplina, biopoder e governamentalidade, a tese contribui para lançar luz ao envolvimento cotidiano da CMN no governo da vida das populações atingidas por suas atividades. Sendo assim, o argumento central avançado nesta investigação é o de que, a partir da concessão de exploração, CMNs da área de extração de recursos naturais passam a ter funções de governação no ordenamento político de territórios onde se estabelecem. E isto, apesar de ser negociado com os diferentes estados hospedeiros, é uma dinâmica violenta não só na forma como é imposta, como também é violenta no dia-a-dia, na aplicação cotidiana em populações que têm que viver nos ou interagir com estes complexos minerários. A governação cotidiana da população atingida pela CMN tem duas facetas principais que incluem o ‘papel de governo’, no qual a corporação assume a função de provedora de serviços que classicamente seriam atribuições da esfera pública de governo, e o exercício alargado do ordenamento político a partir de mecanismos e tecnologias de governo diversos. Estas são formas de controle social da população e legitimação da autoridade da CMN frente a uma crescente pressão pública para a tradução dos benefícios econômicos da exploração de recursos naturais em bem-estar para as populações. Mas, ao contrário da prosperidade decorrente da abundância mineral, salvo raras exceções, as pesquisas de campo nos três estados hospedeiros/sede revelaram cenários de conflitualidade que emergem como crítica e contraconduta das populações atingidas a estas dinâmicas de violência. As semelhanças entre os contextos são resultado do aumento da influência do capital transnacional, fruto da adoção de políticas neoliberais de crescente liberação e desregulamentação de investimentos. Dito isto, a investigação contribui para o desenvolvimento dos Estudos para a Paz e de uma vertente crítica das RI a partir de três eixos principais que a distanciam de teorias ortodoxas: as CMNs como atores centrais para a compreensão das relações internacionais; a análise da conflitualidade a partir de contextos de paz formal; e a incorporação do valor analítico do cotidiano para a compreensão da política internacional.
The diffusion of power in global governance has increased the prominence of multinational corporations (MNCs) in international politics and International Relations (IR). This phenomenon has been investigated mostly at global macro policy level of analysis. Few empirically grounded studies have tried to understand how MNCs affect the daily lives of populations. This thesis contributes to respond to this lack of knowledge about the increasing involvement of corporations in governance. It is the result of an extensive empirical inquiry on the Brazilian mining MNC Vale S.A.’s operations in different host states/headquarter in contexts of formal peace: Brazil, Canada and Mozambique. Based on the articulation among the theoretical- conceptual frameworks of International Political Economy (centered on the role of MNCs locally), Political Ecology (centered on the relation between conflict and natural resources) and Foucauldian analytical tools of discipline, biopower and governmentality, the thesis sheds light on the MNC’s daily involvement in governing the lives of affected communities. The central argument advanced in this research is that MNCs involved with natural resources’ extraction are central agents in the political ordering of territories in where they are established. Moreover, this governance role, despite being negotiated with the different host states, is a violent dynamic, not only in the way it is imposed, but also in its daily application in populations that have to live within or interact with the mining complexes. The everyday governance of the population affected by the MNC has two main facets: on the one hand, in the 'role of government', the corporation assumes the provision of services that would classically be states’ attributions; and, on the other hand, the MNC exerts an extended political ordering through different mechanisms and technologies of government. In a context of increasing public pressure for translating the economic benefits of natural resources exploitation into population’s well-being, these mechanisms and technologies of government are forms of social control of the population and of legitimation of MNC's authority. But contrary to the alleged prosperity brought by mineral abundance, with rare exceptions, the three host states fieldworks have revealed scenarios of conflict that emerge as criticism and counter-conducts of the affected population to these dynamics of violence. The similarities between the contexts are related with the increasing influence of the transnational capital, product of the adoption of neoliberal policies of increasing liberation and deregulation of investments. Therefore, the research contributes to the development of Peace Studies and to a critical thought of IR from three main axes that distinguishes it from orthodox theories: the MNCs as central actors for the understanding of international relations; the analysis of conflict from formal peace contexts; and the incorporation of the analytical purchase of everyday into the understanding of international politics.
FCT - SFRH/BD/98914/2013
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Cola, Maria Teresa Guiomar Espada Saião. "The internationalization project of Herdade do Vale da Rosa to Canada: the best Portuguese grapes heading to the Canadian market." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/16088.
Full textAbstract:
Given the context of crisis experienced in recent years and due to the need to improve
results and overcome commercial deficits, the search for new markets have become
imperative for Portuguese companies. Throughout this project, the example of Vale da
Rosa is used, a leader company in production and commercialization of table grapes in
Portugal, already with important steps in its international expansion. Thus, the main
purpose of this project is to draw up a plan of action, focused on marketing strategy, to
bring the best Portuguese table grapes to Canada.
A theoretical analysis is made, centered on internationalization and exports, for being
the strategy used by Vale da Rosa, to enter new markets. Through a qualitative
interpretative methodology, interviews are conducted and data sources of the company,
as well as relevant statistical sources are analyzed. Helped by practical examples of
strategies adopted in national and international markets, the strategy to apply in the new
market is developed.
Thus, Canada emerges as an attractive opportunity, due to its interesting economic
and social context, and the existing potential in table grapes business. Being an
appreciated fruit, the consumption levels registered in the previous year, were around 175
500 tons, with upward trends. The low levels of national production are insufficient to
cover domestic consumption, forcing Canada to import large quantities of table grapes.
Due to the instability experienced in the EUA, Canada has made efforts to reduce its
commercial dependence on its main supplier of table grapes. In this regard, CETA will
promote and strengthen commercial relationships between Canada and European
countries, including Portugal, creating alternatives to the intensive Canada-USA trade.Face ao contexto de crise vivido nos últimos anos e à necessidade de melhorar resultados e ultrapassar déficits comerciais, tornou-se imperativo para as empresas Portuguesas procurar novos mercados. No decorrer deste projeto, recorre-se ao exemplo do Vale da Rosa, líder na produção e comercialização de uvas de mesa em Portugal e já com grandes passos dados na sua expansão internacional. O principal objetivo deste trabalho centra-se, então, na elaboração de um plano de ação, com foco na estratégia de marketing, para levar as melhores uvas portuguesas até ao Canadá. Faz-se uma análise teórica, centrada na internacionalização e na exportação, por ser a estratégia utilizada pelo Vale da Rosa na entrada em novos mercados. Através de uma metodologia qualitativa interpretativa, são feitas entrevistas e analisadas fontes de informação da empresa e fontes estatísticas relevantes. Recorrendo a exemplos concretos acerca das estratégias utilizadas pela empresa nos mercados nacional e internacional, é delineada a estratégia para o novo mercado. O Canadá surge, assim, como uma oportunidade atrativa, pelo interessante contexto económico e social e pelo potencial existente no negócio da uva de mesa. Por ser um fruto bastante apreciado, registaram-se no ano passado e com tendência crescente, elevados níveis de consumo, rondando 175 500 toneladas. Já a produção nacional do país é escassa e insuficiente para fazer face ao consumo doméstico, obrigando o país a recorrer à importação. Face à instabilidade vivida nos EUA, o Canadá tem feito esforços para reduzir a dependência comercial do seu principal fornecedor de uvas. Neste sentido, o acordo CETA que visa potenciar e fortalecer as relações comerciais entre o Canadá e países Europeus (nomeadamente Portugal), vai criar alternativas ao intenso comércio com os EUA.
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Van, der Merwe Abraham Stephanus. "Arbeidsmarkgeoriënteerde kurrikulumkomponent vir graad 7 - 9-leerders binne die bestaande onderwyskurrikulum van Suid-Afrika." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2097.
Full textAbstract:
Text in AfrikaansA labour market-oriented curriculum component for grade 7 - 9 learners in the existing education curriculum for South Africa could be achieved on the basis of an analysis and synthesis of various curricula by using curriculum components. The aim of the study is to reveal the essence of curriculation in order to bring the outcomes in the curriculum in line with the labour market needs of South Africa. An appropriate educational curriculum should not only address the high unemployment rate in South Africa, but should also bring about improvements in teaching practice as well as set standards that will be comparable both nationally and internationally. An analysis of different curricula shows clearly that various relevant theories can lead to the development of a curriculum component. These theories are not necessarily contradictory, but rather attempt to reveal the essentials for teaching and training. An analysis of the definitions of curricula gives an indication of the teaching possibilities of an appropriate labour market-oriented educational curriculum, whereby such a curriculum can be integrated in a sensible way with teaching practice by using the curriculum components. This theoretical consideration of different theories, curriculum components and teaching models has found a practical expression in a teaching labour market-oriented curriculum component that could possibly address current teaching and unemployment labour problems in South Africa.
Educational Studies
D. Ed. (Didactics)
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Van, Rensburg Angelique Gene Janse. "Aspekte van deursoeking en beslaglegging in Suid Afrikaanse openbare skole : n Vergelykende studie." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3921.
Full textAbstract:
Afrikaans textThe Canadian and South African legal systems established equivalent constitutional values and principles pertaining to searches conducted with or without a valid search warrant. It creates the basis for a comparative study on this particular aspect. The Supreme Court of Canada held in R v A. M 2008 S.C.C 19 random sniffer dog searches conducted without neither a reasonable suspicion nor any legislative authority on learners enrolled in public schools, is unconstitutional due to its infringement of a learner's reasonable expectation to privacy, as protected in section 8 of the Canadian Charter of rights and Freedoms. South African learners are randomly search by law enforcement officers by using sniffer dogs for purposes of detecting the possession of illegal drugs in instances without neither a reasonable suspicion nor statutory authority. The search is subsequently conducted in terms of the common law. The common law is not regarded as law of general application to limit a fundamental right in terms of the limitation clause. By taking into consideration the ratio in R v A. M (supra) the conclusion is subsequently that random sniffer dog searches conducted on learners in South African public schools, without neither a reasonable suspicion nor statutory authority, is unconstitutional which infringes section 14 of the Constitution of South Africa of 1996.
Die basis vir hierdie studie is ontleen aan die ooreenstemmende vereistes en beginsels in die Kanadese en Suid Afrikaanse reg ten aansien van deursoekings met of sonder 'n wettige lasbrief uitgevoer. In die Kanadese beslissing van R v A.M 2008 SCC 19 is die grondwetlikheid van ewekansige deursoekings met behuip van snuffelhonde op leerders sonder statutere magtiging uitgevoer, deur die Supreme Court of Canada as ongrondwetlik bevind aangesien 'n leerder wel oor 'n redelike verwagting op privaatheid beskik. Indien leerders sonder 'n redelike vermoede en statutere magtiging met behuip van snuffelhonde deursoek word, geskied dit ingevolge die gemenereg en dit word nie beskou as 'n algemeen geldende reg om 'n fundamentele reg kragtens die beperkingsklousule te beperk nie. Met inagneming van die ratio in R v A.M (supra) kan daar dus tot die gevolgtrekking gekom word dat ewekansige deursoekings met behulp van snuffelhonde op Suid Afrikanse leerders in die afwesigheid van 'n redelike vermoede asook sonder statutere magtiging uitgevoer, tans ongrondwetlike optrede daarstel wat op artikel 14 van die Grondwet van 1996 inbreuk maak.
Law (College)
LL.M.
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Davide, Michael Joseph Ferreira 1989. "O modernismo vertical e o vazio público." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11067/5134.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Arquitectura, Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa, 2019Exame público realizado em 31 de Janeiro de 2020
A presente dissertação aborda o percurso de Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe nos Estados Unidos da América e Canadá. Percurso que vinca para sempre a forma de pensar e projectar as cidades Norte Americanas, evidenciando a forma com Mies aborda e resolve a arquitectura vertical e o vazio público. Dos primeiros aos últimos projectos, é estudada uma evolução constante que explora e resolve os problemas urbanos e verticais, numa época de modernismo industrial. A simplicidade funcional do Modernismo Vertical e a importância do Vazio Publico implementada por Mies, são bases da arquitectura nas cidades norte Americanas, permitindo assim o funcionamento natural e saudável da “selva urbana”. Este trabalho estuda casos de intervenção em Chicago, Nova Iorque, Toronto e Montreal. Todos os projectos referidos foram analisados e vividos na primeira pessoa. O Toronto Dominion Center é destacado por ser o último grande projecto de Mies. Um projecto sólido, concebido com um acumular de estudos, aprendizagens, ensaios e conclusões que foram adquiridas ao longo dos vários anos a percorrer a América e a construir Torres modernas e Vazios espaciais. O TD Center altera para sempre a forma de viver e trabalhar em Toronto, é um marco arquitectónico que reflecte a capacidade do Canadá como potência. Um projecto intemporal, com manutenção e cuidados constantes de forma a preservar a originalidade do legado de Mies. Todas estas oportunidades e aprendizagens vieram aprimorar as ideias reflectidas no projecto idealizado para a Avenida Fontes Pereira de Melo em Lisboa, no trabalho final de projecto de mestrado em arquitectura.
This dissertation discusses the path of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in the United States of America and Canada. A path that forever creased the way of thinking and designing North American cities, emphasizing the way Mies approaches and solves vertical architecture and the public void. From the earliest to the latest projects, a constant evolution that explores and solves urban and vertical problems in an era of industrial modernism is studied. The functional simplicity of Vertical Modernism and the importance of the Public Void implemented by Mies, are the foundations of architecture in American cities, thus allowing the natural and healthy functioning of the “urban jungle”. This paper studies intervention cases in Chicago, New York, Toronto and Montreal. All the projects mentioned were analyzed and lived in first person. The Toronto Dominion Center is highlighted for being Mies's last major project. A solid project, designed with an accumulation of studies, learnings, essays and conclusions that have been acquired over the course of several years traveling across America and building modern Towers and Spatial Voids. The TD Center forever changes the way Toronto lives and works, an architectural landmark that reflects Canada's potential. TD Center is a timeless project, with constant maintenance and care to preserve the originality of Mies's legacy. All these opportunities and learnings have enhanced the ideas reflected in the project designed for Avenida Fontes Pereira de Melo in Lisbon, in the final work of master's degree project in architecture.
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Annandale, Elrista. "Management of the re-routing of water destined for domestic use by the city of Potchefstroom / Elrista Annandale." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/14113.
Full textAbstract:
Water is an essential element for life and crucial to survival. South Africa is a semi-arid country and therefore water should be protected and managed effectively by all residents of the country.
In the 1830s the Mooi River was the key reason for the Voortrekkers to establish Potchefstroom at a locality adjacent to this river. The Voortrekkers noticed the dolomitic outcroppings in the vicinity, but still opted to reside next to the river for it provided easily accessible water and fertile soil. Since the 1830s water legislation regulating the management and use of the water in the Mooi River has been amended innumerable times to bring us to the current situation of Potchefstroom’s water (mis)management by the role-players and stakeholders of the water source.
As a resident of Potchefstroom, the researcher has a keen interest in the origin of the city’s water sources, the re-routing of the water from the origin to the water purification unit via the open-on-top cement canal system, and the overall management of these canals and their servitudes. In order to conduct a research study on the Mooi River’s water re-routing canals and servitudes, the following research methods were applied:
The researcher performed a comprehensive literature review, conducted fieldwork, held interviews with landowners and experts in the geographical area of the Mooi River Valley, and performed statistical analyses as well as content analyses of the findings.
Some of the most alarming findings include the lack of co-operative governance between water users and – authorities, and the current public management and disaster risk management challenges in the re-routing of water from Klerkskraal Dam down to the water purification plant of Potchefstroom. It is recommended that the major stakeholders of the Mooi River Valley, e.g. the disaster management centre in Potchefstroom, the Department of Water and Sanitation’s (DWS) regional offices in Potchefstroom, as well as the Tlokwe Local Municipality need to join forces for a combined effort to accomplish the overarching research objective of achieving improved cooperative municipal governance and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) to eventually ensure the safe and effective re-routing of water from the Klerkskraal Dam to the Potchefstroom water purification plant.
Note: Since July 2014 the Department of Water Affairs (DWA) has changed to the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS).MA (Public Management and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Mètoiolè, Somé Dommèbèiwin Juste. "Essays on oil price fluctuations and macroeconomic activity." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11604.
Full textAbstract:
Dans cette thèse, je me suis intéressé aux effets des fluctuations du prix de pétrole sur l'activité macroéconomique selon la cause sous-jacente ces fluctuations. Les modèles économiques utilisés dans cette thèse sont principalement les modèles d'équilibre général dynamique stochastique (de l'anglais Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium, DSGE) et les modèles Vecteurs Autorégressifs, VAR.
Plusieurs études ont examiné les effets des fluctuations du prix de pétrole sur les principaux variables macroéconomiques, mais très peu d'entre elles ont fait spécifiquement le lien entre les effets des fluctuations du prix du pétrole et la l'origine de ces fluctuations. Pourtant, il est largement admis dans les études plus récentes que les augmentations du prix du pétrole peuvent avoir des effets très différents en fonction de la cause sous-jacente de cette augmentation. Ma thèse, structurée en trois chapitres, porte une attention particulière aux sources de fluctuations du prix de pétrole et leurs impacts sur l'activité macroéconomique en général, et en particulier sur l'économie du Canada.
Le premier chapitre examine comment les chocs d'offre de pétrole, de demande agrégée, et de demande de précaution de pétrole affectent l'économie du Canada, dans un Modèle d'équilibre Général Dynamique Stochastique estimé. L'estimation est réalisée par la méthode Bayésienne, en utilisant des données trimestrielles canadiennes sur la période 1983Q1 à 2010Q4. Les résultats montrent que les effets dynamiques des fluctuations du prix du pétrole sur les principaux agrégats macro-économiques canadiens varient en fonction de leurs sources. En particulier, une augmentation de 10% du prix réel du pétrole causée par des chocs positifs sur la demande globale étrangère a un effet positif significatif de l'ordre de 0,4% sur le PIB réel du Canada au moment de l'impact et l'effet reste positif sur tous les horizons. En revanche, une augmentation du prix réel du pétrole causée par des chocs négatifs sur l'offre de pétrole ou par des chocs positifs de la demande de pétrole de précaution a un effet négligeable sur le PIB réel du Canada au moment de l'impact, mais provoque une baisse légèrement significative après l'impact. En outre, parmi les chocs pétroliers identifiés, les chocs sur la demande globale étrangère ont été relativement plus important pour expliquer la fluctuation des principaux agrégats macroéconomiques du Canada au cours de la période d'estimation.
Le deuxième chapitre utilise un modèle Structurel VAR en Panel pour examiner les liens entre les chocs de demande et d'offre de pétrole et les ajustements de la demande de travail et des salaires dans les industries manufacturières au Canada. Le modèle est estimé sur des données annuelles désagrégées au niveau industriel sur la période de 1975 à 2008. Les principaux résultats suggèrent qu'un choc positif de demande globale a un effet positif sur la demande de travail et les salaires, à court terme et à long terme. Un choc négatif sur l'offre de pétrole a un effet négatif relativement faible au moment de l'impact, mais l'effet devient positif après la première année. En revanche, un choc positif sur la demande précaution de pétrole a un impact négatif à tous les horizons. Les estimations industrie-par-industrie confirment les précédents résultats en panel. En outre, le papier examine comment les effets des différents chocs pétroliers sur la demande travail et les salaires varient en fonction du degré d'exposition commerciale et de l'intensité en énergie dans la production. Il ressort que les industries fortement exposées au commerce international et les industries fortement intensives en énergie sont plus vulnérables aux fluctuations du prix du pétrole causées par des chocs d'offre de pétrole ou des chocs de demande globale.
Le dernier chapitre examine les implications en terme de bien-être social de l'introduction des inventaires en pétrole sur le marché mondial à l'aide d'un modèle DSGE de trois pays dont deux pays importateurs de pétrole et un pays exportateur de pétrole. Les gains de bien-être sont mesurés par la variation compensatoire de la consommation sous deux règles de politique monétaire. Les principaux résultats montrent que l'introduction des inventaires en pétrole a des effets négatifs sur le bien-être des consommateurs dans chacun des deux pays importateurs de pétrole, alors qu'il a des effets positifs sur le bien-être des consommateurs dans le pays exportateur de pétrole, quelle que soit la règle de politique monétaire. Par ailleurs, l'inclusion de la dépréciation du taux de change dans les règles de politique monétaire permet de réduire les coûts sociaux pour les pays importateurs de pétrole. Enfin, l'ampleur des effets de bien-être dépend du niveau d'inventaire en pétrole à l'état stationnaire et est principalement expliquée par les chocs sur les inventaires en pétrole.In this thesis, I am interested in the effects of fluctuations in oil prices on macroeconomic activity depending on the underlying cause of these fluctuations. The economic models used in this thesis include the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) Models and Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Models. Several studies have examined the effects of fluctuations in oil price on the main macroeconomic variables, but very few of theses studies have specifically made the link between the effects of fluctuations in oil prices and the origin of these fluctuations. However, it is widely accepted in more recent studies that oil price increases may have very different effects depending on the underlying cause of that increase. My thesis, structured in three chapters, is focused on the sources of fluctuations in oil price and their impacts on the macroeconomic activity in general, and in particular on the canadian economy. The first chapter of the thesis investigates how oil supply shocks, aggregate demand shocks, and precautionary oil demand shocks affect Canada's economy, within an estimated Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model. The estimation is conducted using Bayesian methods, with Canadian quarterly data from 1983Q1 to 2010Q4. The results suggest that the dynamic effects of oil price shocks on Canadian macroeconomic variables vary according to their sources. In particular, a 10% increase in the real price of oil driven by positive foreign aggregate demand shocks has a significant positive effect of about 0.4% on Canada's real GDP upon impact and the effect remains positive over time. In contrast, an increase in the real price of oil driven by negative foreign oil supply shocks or by positive precautionary oil demand shocks causes an insignificant effect on Canada's real GDP upon impact but causes a slightly significant decline afterwards. The intuition is that a positive innovation in aggregate demand tends to increase the demand for Canada's overall exports. Oil supply disruptions in foreign countries or positive precautionary oil demand shocks increase the uncertainty about future oil prices, which leads firms to postpone irreversible investment expenditures, and tends to reduce Canada's real GDP. Furthermore, among the identified oil shocks, foreign aggregate demand shocks have been relatively more important in explaining the variations of most of Canadian macroeconomic variables over the estimation period. The second chapter examines the links between oil demand and supply shocks and labor market adjustments in Canadian manufacturing industries using a panel structural VAR model. The model is estimated with disaggregated annual data at the industry level from 1975 to 2008. The results show that a positive aggregate demand shock increases both labor and the price of labor over a 20-year period. A negative oil supply shock has a relatively small negative effect upon impact but the effect turns positive after the first year. In contrast, a positive precautionary oil demand shock has a negative impact over all horizons. The paper also examines how the responses to different types of oil shocks vary from industry to industry. The results suggest that industries with higher net trade exposure/oil-intensity are more vulnerable to oil price increases driven by oil supply shocks and aggregate demand shocks. The third chapter examines the welfare implications of introducing competitive storage on the global oil market using a three country DSGE model characterized by two oil-importing countries and one oil-exporting country. The welfare gains are measured by consumption compensating variation under two alternative monetary policy rules. The main results indicate that the introduction of oil storage has negative welfare effects for each of the two oil importing countries, while it has positive welfare effects for the oil exporting country, whatever the monetary policy rule. I also found that including the exchange rate depreciation in the monetary policy rules allows to slightly reduce the welfare costs for both oil importing countries. Finally, the magnitude of the welfare effects depends on the steady state level of oil storage and is mainly driven by oil storage shocks.