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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Akiba, Ken, and Ali Abasnezhad, eds. Vague Objects and Vague Identity. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7978-5.

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2

Momente de Transformation: Die Erzeugang und Zerstörung von Wert (Workshop) (2012), Embodying Value: The Transformation of Objects in and from the Roman World (Panel) (2012 : Frankfurt am Main, Germany), and Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference (22nd : 2012 : Universität Frankfurt am Main), eds. Embodying value?: The transformation of objects in and from the ancient world. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2014.

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3

Leveen, Steve. Holding dear: The value of the real. Delray Beach, Fla: Levenger Press, 2013.

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4

Huber, Stephen, and Carol Huber. Samplers: How to Compare & Value. London: Octopus Publishing Group, Ltd., 2002.

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5

Grgaard, Stian. Det vage objektet. The restless object: 12 samtaler om kunst. 12 conversations on contemporary art. Oslo: Unipax, 2001.

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6

Carol, Huber, ed. Miller's samplers: How to compare & value. London: Octopus Pub. Group, 2002.

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7

Grist, Everett. Everett Grist's big book of marbles: A comprehensive identification & value guide for both antique and machine-made marbles. 2nd ed. Paducah, Ky: Collector Books, 2000.

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8

Chernikovskaya, Marina, and Igor Chyemyezov. Change Management. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18430.

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The nature, the reasons, regularities, conditions and mechanisms of carrying out changes in the organizations are considered. Theoretical bases of professional and effective management of organizational changes are reflected: the objective regularities of changes in the organizations which are shown during their development; main objects and objects of changes in the organizations; value of the organizational context influencing the choice of technologies of management of changes and nature of development of changes; options and sequence of implementation of the operated changes in the organization; variety of possible technologies of management of changes; approaches to the choice of strategy of implementation of changes and strategy; the main obstacles in implementation of changes; effective remedies and technology of overcoming of resistance to changes; stages of carrying out reengineering of business processes; introduction of quality systems in the Russian companies. The textbook is intended for use when training bachelors in the Management direction 38.03.02, and also for all interested by problems of management of changes in the organizations.
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9

Stapleton, Erin K. The Intoxication of Destruction in Theory, Culture and Media. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463724531.

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This book examines the desire for, and intoxication with, destruction as it appears in cultural objects and representation, arguing that all cultural and aesthetic value is fundamentally predicated on its own fragility, as well as the living transience of those who make and encounter it. Beginning with a philosophy of expenditure after Georges Bataille, each chapter maps different operations of destruction in media and culture. These operations are expressed and located in representations of human extinction and explosive architecture, in the body and in sexuality, and in media and digital archives, which constitute a further destabilisation of the notion of destruction in the dynamic between aspirational immortality and material volatility embedded in the archival systems of digital cultures.
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10

Traviglia, Arianna, Lucio Milano, Cristina Tonghini, and Riccardo Giovanelli. Stolen Heritage Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Heritage in the EU and the MENA Region. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-517-9.

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It is a well-known fact that organized crime has developed into an international network that, spanning from the simple ‘grave diggers’ up to powerful and wealthy white-collar professionals, makes use of money laundering, fraud and forgery. This criminal chain, ultimately, damages and dissipates our cultural identity and, in some cases, even fosters terrorism or civil unrest through the illicit trafficking of cultural property.The forms of ‘possession’ of Cultural Heritage are often blurred; depending on the national legislation of reference, the ownership and trade of historical and artistic assets of value may be legitimate or not. Criminals have always exploited these ambiguities and managed to place on the Art and Antiquities market items resulting from destruction or looting of museums, monuments and archaeological areas. Thus, over the years, even the most renowned museum institutions have - more or less consciously - hosted in their showcases cultural objects of illicit origin. Looting, thefts, illicit trade, and clandestine exports are phenomena that affect especially those countries rich in historical and artistic assets. That includes Italy, which has seen its cultural heritage plundered over the centuries ending up in public and private collections worldwide.This edited volume features ten papers authored by international experts and professionals actively involved in Cultural Heritage protection. Drawing from the experience of the Conference Stolen Heritage (Venice, December 2019), held in the framework of the NETCHER project, the book focuses on illicit trafficking in Cultural Property under a multidisciplinary perspective.The articles look at this serious issue and at connected crimes delving into a variety of fields. The essays especially expand on European legislation regulating import, export, trade and restitution of cultural objects; conflict antiquities and cultural heritage at risk in the Near and Middle East; looting activities and illicit excavations in Italy; the use of technologies to counter looting practices.The volume closes with two papers specifically dedicated to the thorny ethical issues arising from the publication of unprovenanced archaeological objects, and the relevance of accurate communication and openness about such topics.
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11

Cevasco, Roberta, Carlo Alberto Gemignani, Daniela Poli, and Luisa Rossi, eds. Il pensiero critico fra geografia e scienza del territorio. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-322-2.

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Massimo Quaini (1941-2017) was one of the most eminent figures in geography. A group of scholars dedicate this book to him in order to keep unwinding, in the world’s labyrinth, the thread of his reflections, that placed geography among territorial sciences making them object of civil commitment. His critical, transdisciplinary thinking did never recognize boundaries but only fruitful differences of perspective: his highest legacy, perhaps, lays in this impulse to integrate different skills (of historians, poets, archaeologists, ecologists, planners…) to return the world’s places their value. This is therefore not a typical ‘in memoriam’ book on Quaini’s topics but, as we dare say, a book with Quaini.
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12

Baldacci, Cristina, Clio Nicastro, and Arianna Sforzini, eds. Over and Over and Over Again. Berlin: ICI Berlin Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-21.

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Over the last twenty years, reenactment has been appropriated by both contemporary artistic production and art-theoretical discourse, becoming a distinctive strategy to engage with history and memory. As a critical act of repetition, which is never neutral in reactualizing the past, it has established unconventional modes of historicization and narration. Collecting work by artists, scholars, curators, and museum administrators, the volume investigates reenactment's potential for a (re)activation of layered temporal experiences, and its value as an ongoing interpretative and political gesture performed in the present with an eye to the future. Its contributions discuss the mobilization of archives in the struggle for inclusiveness and cultural revisionism; the role of the body in the presentification and rehabilitation of past events and (impermanent) objects; the question of authenticity and originality in artistic practice, art history, as well as in museum collections and conservation practices.
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13

Jasink, Anna Margherita, and Luca Bombardieri, eds. Le collezioni egee del Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Firenze. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-923-6.

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The collection of Aegean exhibits in the National Archaeological Museum of Florence is of the greatest significance in terms of its richness and variety. The richness is illustrated by the quantity and value of the objects conserved, and the variety by a provenance and chronology of the artefacts that embrace pre-classical Aegean history practically in its entirety. This complete edition is organised on the basis of four main areas of provenance and production of the materials (Crete, Continental Greece, the Cyclades and Rhodes). The formation of the Florentine Aegean collections dates largely to the early twentieth century, and was the felicitous result of a combination of different circumstances. The most important of these was the commitment of Luigi Adriano Milani, Director of the nascent Royal Museum, to whom we owe the initial stimulus for a museum collection that could assume exemplary importance and respond to educational requirements. On line Database: www.fupress.net/collezioniegee
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14

1948-, Myers Fred R., ed. The empire of things: Regimes of value and material culture / edited by Fred R. Myers. Santa Fe, N.M: School of American Research Press, 2001.

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15

Bacon, Andrew. Vague Objects. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712060.003.0016.

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In this chapter the theory of propositional vagueness is generalized to vagueness at other types. Once propositional vagueness is supplemented with a primitive notion of objectual vagueness, it can be seen that property vagueness, adverbial vagueness, operator vagueness, and so on, may all be defined. The chapter examines some widely discussed accounts of objectual vagueness that understand objectual vagueness as standing in vague identity or mereological relations. A more general test for objectual vagueness is proposed, according to which an object is vague if it converts any precise property to a vague proposition.
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16

Akiba, Ken, and Ali Abasnezhad. Vague Objects and Vague Identity: New Essays on Ontic Vagueness. Springer, 2016.

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17

Akiba, Ken, and Ali Abasnezhad. Vague Objects and Vague Identity: New Essays on Ontic Vagueness. Ingramcontent, 2014.

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18

Akiba, Ken, and Ali Abasnezhad. Vague Objects and Vague Identity: New Essays on Ontic Vagueness. Springer, 2014.

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19

Quill, Iron. Object of Value. Pink Flamingo Publications, 2013.

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20

Kenney, Rosanna, and Peter Smith, eds. Vagueness. The MIT Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7064.001.0001.

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Vagueness is currently the subject of vigorous debate in the philosophy of logic and language. Vague terms-such as "tall", "red", "bald", and "tadpole"—have borderline cases (arguably, someone may be neither tall nor not tall); and they lack well-defined extensions (there is no sharp boundary between tall people and the rest). The phenomenon of vagueness poses a fundamental challenge to classical logic and semantics, which assumes that propositions are either true or false and that extensions are determinate. Another striking problem to which vagueness gives rise is the sorites paradox. If you remove one grain from a heap of sand, surely you must be left with a heap. Yet apply this principle repeatedly as you remove grains one by one, and you end up, absurdly, with a solitary grain that counts as a heap. This anthology collects papers in the field. After an introduction that surveys the field, the essays form four groups, starting with some historically notable pieces. The 1970s saw an explosion of interest in vagueness, and the second group of essays reprints classic papers from this period. The following group of papers represent current work on the logic and semantics of vagueness. The essays in the final group are contributions to the continuing debate about vague objects and vague identity. Bradford Books imprint
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21

Kersel, Morag M. The Value of a Looted Object. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199237821.013.0014.

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22

Oddie, Graham. Value Perception, Properties, and the Primary Bearers of Value. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786054.003.0013.

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This chapter argues for a value appearance thesis: that there are value appearances, that these serve as evidence for evaluative beliefs and judgments, and that felt desires and preferences are just such appearances of value. It is often assumed that states of affairs are both the objects of desire and the bearers of value but this assumption, combined with the value appearance thesis, gives rise to the familiar problem of the legitimacy of agent-relative preferences. However, if both value bearers and the objects of desire are states of being—or properties—then the problem of agent-relativity can be neatly solved.
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23

Robadey, Anne. Elaboration of a statement on the degree of generality of a property: Poincaré’s work on the recurrence theorem. Edited by Karine Chemla, Renaud Chorlay, and David Rabouin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777267.013.6.

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This article examines the statement that a property is true for ‘almost all’ considered objects, in a precise mathematical sense, by referring to Henri Poincaré’s reflections on the generality of recurring trajectories. In 1890, Poincaré introduces a statement of a new type in which he formulates mathematically the remark that he had previously made in vague terms: ‘the trajectories that have this property [of stability, AR] are more general than those that do not’. This article first considers how Poincaré adapts the calculus of probability to show that the non-recurring trajectories are exceptional before analyzing the proofs of the recurrence theorem and the corollary that Poincaré added to the theorem. It also discusses the change of status of the recurrence theorem between 1889 and 1891 and suggests that the confinement inside the trajectory surfaces seemed to be the key property for the definition of stability.
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24

Starting Out with C++: Early Objects, Student Value Edition. Pearson Education, 2016.

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25

Deitel, Harvey, and Paul Deitel. Java How to Program, Early Objects, Student Value Edition. Pearson Education Canada, 2017.

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26

Starting Out with Java: Early Objects, Student Value Edition. Pearson Education, 2017.

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27

Dodds, Klaus. 5. Geopolitics and objects. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199676781.003.0005.

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‘Geopolitics and objects’ explores the role and significance of objects in geopolitics. Geopolitical imaginations and practices are embedded and emboldened by their relationship to a vast array of things ranging from the flag, the pipeline, the map, the gun, waste, and even toys such as action men dolls. The pipeline as an object has been enormously productive of global energy geopolitics, but also indigenous geopolitics. Maps play an important role in the making of geopolitics, which exceeds their practical value in terms of locating places and helping users navigate more generally. Flags are powerful; they can be objects of geopolitical hate, strong accomplices to nation-state formation and national identity politics, and capable of being enrolled in counter-geopolitics.
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28

Cohen, Amichai, and David Zlotogorski. Proportionality in International Humanitarian Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197556726.001.0001.

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The principle of proportionality is one of the cornerstones of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Almost all states involved in armed conflicts recognize that it is prohibited to launch an attack that is expected to cause incidental harm to civilians that exceeds the direct military advantage anticipated from the attack. This prohibition is included in military manuals, taught in professional courses, and accepted as almost axiomatic. And yet, the exact meaning of this principle is vague. Almost every issue is in dispute—from the most elementary question of how to compare civilian harm and military advantage, to the possible obligation to employ accurate but expensive weapons. Controversy is especially rife regarding asymmetrical conflicts, in which many modern democracies are involved. How exactly should proportionality be implemented when the enemy is not an army, but a non-state actor embedded within a civilian population? What does it mean to use precautions in attack, when almost every attack is directed at objects that are used for both military and civilian purposes?
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29

Jones, Andrew M., and Nicole Boivin. The Malice of Inanimate Objects. Edited by Dan Hicks and Mary C. Beaudry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199218714.013.0014.

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The concept of ‘material agency’ and the attendant concept of materiality has been widely adopted in the recent literature in archaeology and anthropology, yet its meaning has been widely misunderstood. Typical responses treat the concept as a step too far or as employed mainly for its shock value rather than for any higher intellectual purpose. This article argues that the perceived problems with the concept of material agency in archaeology and anthropology derive from similarly narrow conceptions. The article begins by outlining the semiotic view of material culture that emerged during the 1970s and 1980s, and how recent critiques of this view have prompted scholars to address notions of materiality and material agency. The article then summarizes some of the long history of the notion of material agency, in a range of disciplines from economics to anthropology. The article addresses concepts of material agency in the work of scholars from Karl Marx and Marshall McLuhan to Anthony Giddens and Alfred Gell. It then discusses differing ontologies of agency, including animism and fetishism, in which material agency plays a key role.
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30

Coccia, Emanuele. Goods. Translated by Marissa Gemma. Fordham University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823280223.001.0001.

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Objects are all around us—and images of objects, advertisements for objects. Things are no longer merely purely physical or economic entities: within the visual economy of advertising, they are inescapably moral. Any object, regardless of its nature, can for at least a moment aspire to be “good,” can become not only an object of value but also a complex of possible happiness, a moral source of perfection for any one of us. This book argues that our relation to things is what makes us human. It shows how objects become the medium through which a city enunciates its ethos, making an ethical life available to those who live among them. Humans have revealed themselves as organisms that are ethically inseparable from the very things they produce, exchange, and desire. The alienation commodities cause and express is moral rather than economic or social; we need our own products not just to survive biologically or to improve the physical conditions of our existence, but to live morally. Ultimately, this book offers a rethinking of the power of images. Through images, we already live another form of political life, which has very little to do with the one invented and formalized by the legal tradition. All we need to do is to recognize it. Advertising and fashion are just the primitive, sometimes grotesque, but ultimately irrepressible prefiguration of the new politics to come.
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31

Gaddis, Tony. Starting Out with C++ from Control Structures to Objects, Student Value Edition. Pearson, 2017.

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32

Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures Through Objects, Student Value Edition. Pearson Education Canada, 2018.

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33

Meckled-Garcia, Saladin. On the Scope and Object of Neutrality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794394.003.0011.

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This chapter presents a distinct account of neutrality in which the acceptability or justice of policies or public actions can only be established ‘holistically’, requiring an all-things-considered assessment in which the neutrality of those policies is never by itself definitive. Instead, neutrality is a definitive constraint only on the justification of principles/theories of justice. The chapter sets out a proper understanding of the value behind neutrality, defending this value from autonomy-based objections to neutrality. It then uses that account to show how the value engages with policies and public actions. The chapter also responds critically to views that see neutrality as a standard to be established separately to theories of justice. Finally, it argues that the value of neutrality with its proper scope and object in place can explain how to address cases of claimed exemption on the basis of burdens of conscience by people with ‘deeply’ held convictions.
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34

McDaniel, Kris. The Fragmentation of Being. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719656.001.0001.

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This book attempts to answer some of the most fundamental questions in ontology. There are many kinds of beings but are there also many kinds of being? The world contains a variety of objects, each of which, let us provisionally assume, exists, but do some objects exist in different ways? Do some objects enjoy more being or existence than other objects? Are there different ways in which one object might enjoy more being than another? Most contemporary metaphysicians would answer “no” to each of these questions. So widespread is this consensus that the questions this book addresses are rarely even raised let alone explicitly answered. But this book carefully examines a wide range of reasons for answering each of these questions with a “yes.” In doing so, it connects these questions with many important metaphysical topics, including substance and accident, time and persistence, the nature of ontological categories, possibility and necessity, presence and absence, persons and value, ground and consequence, and essence and accident. In addition to discussing contemporary problems and theories, this book discusses the ontological views of many important figures in the history of philosophy, including Aquinas, Aristotle, Descartes, Heidegger, Husserl, Kant, Leibniz, Meinong, and many more.
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35

Ritivoi, Andreea Deciu. Interpretation and Its Objects: Studies in the Philosophy of Michael Krausz (Value Inquiry Book Series 146) (Value Inquiry Book). Rodopi, 2003.

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36

Brady, Emily. Aesthetic Value, Nature, and Environment. Edited by Stephen M. Gardiner and Allen Thompson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199941339.013.17.

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This chapter discusses key issues and questions about aesthetic experience and valuing of natural objects, processes, and phenomena. It begins by exploring the character of environmental, multisensory aesthetic appreciation and then examines the central debate between “scientific cognitivism” and “noncognitivism” in contemporary environmental aesthetics. In assessing this debate and the place of knowledge, imagination, and emotion in aesthetic valuing, it is argued that non-cognitive approaches have the advantage of supporting a critical pluralism that recognizes the variety and breadth of aesthetic engagement with nature. Interactions between aesthetic and ethical values are also discussed, especially with respect to their role in philosophical positions such as “aesthetic preservationism” and the call for developing aesthetic theories that are consistent with environmentalism.
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37

Mullin, Molly H. Culture in the Marketplace: Gender, Art, and Value in the American Southwest (Objects/Histories). Duke University Press, 2001.

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38

Gaddis, Tony. Starting Out with C++: From Control Structures Through Objects, Brief Version, Student Value Edition. Pearson Education Canada, 2018.

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39

Culture in the Marketplace: Gender, Art, and Value in the American Southwest (Objects/Histories). Duke University Press, 2001.

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40

Mullin, Molly H. Culture in the Marketplace: Gender, Art, and Value in the American Southwest (Objects/Histories). Duke University Press Books, 2001.

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41

Everett Grists Big Book Of Marbles A Comprehensive Identification Value Guide For Both Antique And Machinemade Marbles. Collector Books, 2010.

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42

Balaguer, Mark. Metaphysics, Sophistry, and Illusion. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868361.001.0001.

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This book does two things. First, it introduces a novel kind of non-factualist view, and it argues that we should endorse views of this kind in connection with a wide class of metaphysical questions, most notably, the abstract-object question and the composite-object question (more specifically, the book argues that there’s no fact of the matter whether there are any such things as abstract objects or composite objects—or material objects of any other kind). Second, the book explains how these non-factualist views fit into a general anti-metaphysical view called neo-positivism, and it explains how we could argue that neo-positivism is true. Neo-positivism is (roughly) the view that every metaphysical question decomposes into some subquestions—call them Q1, Q2, Q3, etc.—such that, for each of these subquestions, one of the following three anti-metaphysical views is true of it: non-factualism, or scientism, or metaphysically innocent modal-truth-ism. These three views can be defined (very roughly) as follows. Non-factualism about a question Q is the view that there’s no fact of the matter about the answer to Q. Scientism about Q is the view that Q is an ordinary empirical-scientific question about some contingent aspect of physical reality, and Q can’t be settled with an a priori philosophical argument. And metaphysically innocent modal-truth-ism about Q is the view that Q asks about the truth value of a modal sentence that’s metaphysically innocent in the sense that it doesn’t say anything about reality and, if it’s true, isn’t made true by reality.
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43

James A, Green. Part III The Limitations and Role of the Persistent Objector Rule, 9 The Role and Value of the Persistent Objector Rule. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704218.003.0010.

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This chapter examines the ‘role’ or ‘value’ of the persistent objector rule. Firstly, the chapter sets out and critiques the voluntarist conception of the persistent objector rule in more detail than has been done in previous chapters. It then considers competing theoretical approaches to international legal obligation, broadly grouped together as being ‘communitarian’ in nature. Such communitarian approaches have tended to dismiss the persistent objector rule along with their dismissal of voluntarism. It is argued that holistic, absolutist theoretical accounts of customary international law fail to take into account its chaotic nature in reality. The chapter therefore argues this it is problematic to appraise the value of the persistent objector rule from the perspective of either voluntarism or communitarianism. Drawing upon some insights from rational choice theory, it is argued that the rule is inherently one of balance, and that its true value lies in its practical benefits both for individual objectors and the wider international community. The chapter then assesses the rule's various functional benefits as a ‘safety valve’. The chapter also examines the contributions that persistent objection can make to the development of customary international law. At the end of the chapter, the text briefly notes that many of the benefits of the persistent objector rule may, at least in part, stem from the perception of state autonomy that it creates.
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44

Berrios, German E. History and epistemology of psychopathology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198725978.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 addresses how, whether as a general concept or as a feature of psychiatry, ‘change’ remains difficult to define because its meaning is parasitical upon metaphysical categories such as object, event, property, and time. It might be more practical to explore it in relation to specific ontological regions (e.g., physics, biology, and sociology). The biological and social sciences (both relevant to psychiatry) countenance change. The targets of change in psychiatry remain its epistemological structure and its objects. Change can be explored transepistemically by comparing historical narratives of madness or intraepistemically, by detecting variations within a given narrative (e.g., religious, social, or neurobiological). These studies can be value-neutral or value-laden (the latter can be redefined ‘change’ as ‘progress’). ‘Change’ can be accounted for by the Cambridge model of symptom formation. According to this, mental symptoms are events resulting from configuratory action undertaken by sufferers to make sense of (often) distressing information invading their awareness. This information can be biological signals (released by a distressed brain networks) or symbols (resulting from social interaction or personal reflection). Configurators (personal, sociocultural, dialogical, etc.) shape this inchoate information into effable experiences. Due to biological mutation or social change affecting the configurators, mental symptoms are liable to change in time. Hence, the objects of psychiatry are not eternal and will be replaced in the future.
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45

Tiberius, Valerie. The Value Fulfillment Theory of Well-Being. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809494.003.0002.

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According to the value fulfillment theory, our lives go well to the extent that we pursue, and fulfill or realize, our appropriate values. This chapter focuses on what values are, how they can be improved, and why we should consider them over time. To value something in the fullest sense is to have a relatively stable pattern of emotions and desires with respect to it and to take these attitudes to give you reasons for action and (for the most important values) standards for evaluating how your life is going. Appropriate values, then, are the objects of relatively sustainable and integrated emotions, desires, and judgments.
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46

Value Pack Books: Fundamentals of Object Oriented Design in Uml and Design Patterns. Addison Wesley, 2000.

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47

Higgins, Luke B. From Manipulation to Co-creation: Whitehead on the Ethics of Symbol-Making. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474429566.003.0010.

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This chapter asks whether there is a third way beyond the two deeply problematic options of either 1) allowing ourselves to be the manipulated objects of a transcendent symbolism (whether ‘projected’ onto a traditionally conceived divinity, or cynically attributed to the ruthless hands of politico-economic power); or 2) appointing ourselves the quasi-divine rulers of a world whose mastery is predicated on the reducibility of the latter to a set of abstract, manipulable symbolic units, i.e. the ‘laws of nature,’ or – as the case may be – the laws of economics, which is every bit as ruthless in its exploitive logic of value-extraction. It suggests that there isindeed a third role for us in relation to symbolism besides being an object of symbolic manipulations or a manipulator of objects through symbols—a unique mode of symbol-making (or symbol-revision) emergent in the harmonized interstices between our inner and outer realities. It would aim at both experiencing and transmitting the power of something like what Gilles Deleuze calls ‘a life’ – that unique quality of the living that is universal in its singularity. Symbols are not merely fabulations of our imagination, but are produced through the indeterminate and dynamically ecological relations of creative becoming.
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48

Mitchell, Jonathan. Emotion as Feeling Towards Value. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846013.001.0001.

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This book proposes and defends a new theory of emotional experience. Drawing on recent developments in the philosophy of emotion, with links to contemporary philosophy of mind, it argues that emotional experiences are sui generis states, not to be modelled after other mental states—such as perceptions, judgements, or bodily feelings—but given their own analysis and place within our mental economy. More specifically, emotional experiences are claimed to be feelings-towards-values. Central to the theory is the claim that emotional experiences include (non-bodily) felt attitudes which represent evaluative properties of the particular objects of those experiences. It is in this sense that emotional experiences are feelings-towards-values. After setting out a framework for theorizing about experiences and their contents, the book argues that the content of emotional experience is evaluative, doing so in more detail than in the previous literature. It then explains the best way of marrying the former claim with the presence of specific kinds of valenced attitudinal components in emotional experience and critical aspects of emotional phenomenology. It is argued that we should appeal to felt valenced attitudes of favour and disfavour, resulting in the feeling-towards-value view. Building on this, a distinctive role for bodily feelings is then introduced, by way of a somatic enrichment of these felt valenced attitudes. Finally, issues pertaining to the intelligibility of emotions are considered. It is shown how the feeling-towards-value view can account for the way in which emotional experiences often make sense in a first-person way.
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Döring, Sabine A., and Bahadir Eker. Desires without Guises. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199370962.003.0004.

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Evaluativism about desire, the view that desires just are, or necessarily involve, positive evaluations of their objects, currently enjoys widespread popularity in many philosophical circles. This essay argues that evaluativism, in both its doxastic and its perceptual versions, overstates and mischaracterizes the connection between desires and evaluations. Whereas doxastic evaluativism implausibly rules out cases where someone has a desire, despite evaluating its object negatively, being uncertain about its value, or having no doxastic attitude whatsoever toward its evaluative status at all, perceptual evaluativism cannot even properly apply to the large class of standing desires. It is also argued that evaluativism about desire is not even well-motivated in the first place: the theory is supposed to solve a particular puzzle about the role desires play in the explanation of action, yet in fact it does not offer any help whatsoever in dealing with the relevant puzzle.
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Moran, Dermot. Intentionality. Edited by Dan Zahavi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755340.013.36.

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This chapter traces the history of intentionality in the phenomenological tradition, from Brentano and Husserl through Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty to Iris Marion Young, emphasizing the continuity and deepening of the concept through the tradition. Brentano’s conceptions of the intentional relation and the intentional inexistence of the object were taken up and transformed in Husserl’s expansive conception of intentionality as the sense-apprehension and sense-making that runs through the whole of experiential and cognitive life. Intentionality, moreover, encompasses not just consciousness’s explicit relation to objects, but also the vaguer awareness of horizons and habitualities (“horizon-intentionality”). Heidegger radicalizes Husserlian intentionality by reframing it in terms of the transcendence of existence. Merleau-Ponty further expands Husserl’s conceptions of embodied and practical intentionality as ambiguous transcendence. Iris Marion Young adds an interesting new dimension through her concept of the socially constituted, inhibited intentionality of women’s bodies.
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