Journal articles: 'Vaghezza'

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Paganini, Elisa. "4.3. Vaghezza ontologica senza scetticismo." Rivista di estetica, no. 49 (April 1, 2012): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/estetica.1717.

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Campelli, Enzo. "Elogio della vaghezza Riflessione quasi epistemologica sul tempo presente." SOCIOLOGIA E RICERCA SOCIALE, no. 89 (December 2009): 21–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sr2009-089002.

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- Numerous forms of vagueness and indeterminateness characterize linguistic interaction of daily life, as well as conceptualization and language of the social sciences. This is a problem that logicians and philosophers of science and language have faced repeatedly, in the attempt to eliminate this undesirable trait or limit the damage caused to the achievement of truth. Endeavoring to overturn this perspective, the essay aims to show the fertility and productiveness of this insurmountable margin of vagueness, both from a point of view of scientific creation and from that of safeguarding the fundamental critical state of thought and knowledge.

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Maddalena, Giovanni. "La via pragmatista al senso comune." PARADIGMI, no. 3 (December 2010): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/para2010-003005.

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Nel pragmatismo classico, negli Stati Uniti come in Europa, si trova un'alternativa radicale all'epistemologia kantiana, alternativa che non č stata capita né dalla filosofia analitica né dall'ermeneutica. Tutti i pragmatisti incentrano la propria critica sulla separazione tra cosa in sé e conoscenza e le oppongono una continuitŕ tra realtŕ e conoscenza. Peirce e James cercarono di specificare questa risposta cercando di argomentare diversi percorsi gnoseologici basati su una nozione evolutiva del senso comune e sulla logica della vaghezza.

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Fabbrichesi, Rossella. "Il significato del significato in Peirce e Wittgenstein." PARADIGMI, no. 3 (December 2010): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/para2010-003003.

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L'articolo analizza l'intreccio dei concetti di continuitŕ, vaghezza e generalitŕ in Peirce e il modo in cui Wittgenstein tratta le proposizioni e i significati vaghi. Nonostante la sua antipatia per ogni tipo di pragmatismo, Wittgenstein sembra molto vicino ad esso per quanto riguarda la definizione di significato, specialmente per quanto concerne il modo di considerare il significato come una pratica di riferimento vaga e inesatta, anche se perfettamente certa da un punto di vista pragmatico, proprio come sosteneva Peirce. Ci sono nozioni vaghe da un punto di vista logico, che conducono a una precisa modalitŕ operativa quando entrano in frizione con il loro uso pratico.

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Tuzet, Giovanni. "Review of Puppo (2012): Dalla vaghezza del linguaggio alla retorica forense. Saggio di logica giuridica." Journal of Argumentation in Context 2, no. 3 (December 31, 2013): 359–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jaic.2.3.07tuz.

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Pastore, Valeria. "Si fa presto a dire partecipazione. Una riflessione su attori, finalitŕ, tecniche e strumenti." RIVISTA TRIMESTRALE DI SCIENZA DELL'AMMINISTRAZIONE, no. 4 (January 2011): 73–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sa2010-004005.

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Negli ultimi anni assistiamo ad una crescente domanda di partecipazione nei processi decisionali pubblici, coerentemente con gli ideali democratici ma anche con la mancanza di legittimazione delle istituzioni e della classe politica. In questo articolo, dopo un'introduzione sulla vaghezza del concetto di partecipazione, si propongono alcune riflessioni sulle relazioni tra istituzioni, cittadini e partecipazione, tenendo in considerazione anche alcune delle sottostanti teorie del processo decisionale ed esplorando l'idea che la partecipazione sia un tipo di opportuna attivitŕ di "lusso" nella giusta situazione. Si suggerisce di considerare lo scopo, gli attori, il contesto dove la partecipazione sarŕ implementata e solamente dopo queste analisi scegliere le techiche e gli strumenti di indagine piů adeguati. A questo fine, sono recensiti piů di duecento mecanismi di coinvolgimento pubblico, la cui metŕ sono comparati con riferimento a due aspetti: lo scopo principale della partecipazione ed il tipo di coinvolgimento deglie dei cittadini. Lo scopo generale č di sottolineare il bisogno della Pubblica Amministrazione e soprattutto dei metodologi di conoscere e di saper scegliere nell'ampia varietŕ di procedure di coinvolgimento pubblico, in modo che i processi partecipativi possano essere piů efficienti ed efficaci ed aggiungere valore alle decisioni.

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Bruni, Elsa Maria. "L'educazione nel tempo della post-verità. Pedagogia e mass-media." EDUCATION SCIENCES AND SOCIETY, no. 2 (November 2020): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ess2-2020oa9409.

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Il contributo intende ragionare in chiave pedagogica sulla configurazione che l'educazione e la scuola assumono o dovrebbero assumere in relazione ai cambiamenti in atto sul piano culturale e mediatico. In un tempo, che vive di post-verità, in cui l'intreccio finzione-realtà domina i modi di comunicare, di informare e di argomentare, una semiotica dell'educazione diventa funzionale a ridefinire i contorni della paideia intesa come processo continuo di prendere forma e di trasformarsi qualitativamente dell'individuo, invocata come farmaco per fronteggiare i diversi disorientamenti influenti sulla vita dei singoli e sulle sorti di intere comunità. In particolare, la vaghezza della e nella comunicazione, cui si intreccia il rischio dell'inattendibilità e del relativismo sempre più individualista a livello narrativo, reclama più che mai responsabilità, pensiero critico e capacità interpretative solide. Ad essere chiamata in causa ancora una volta è l'educazione e con essa il ruolo delle agenzie educative, della scuola in particolar modo, in virtù del ruolo, a cui sono tradizionalmente chiamate, di pensare e di governare i processi di formazione. In questo articolo ci si muove nella convinzione di ricentrare il tema formativo sulla dimensione culturale e intellettuale, sui fini di una pedagogia e di un'educazione che, lungi dal poter essere ridotta a atto tecnico e appannaggio di didatticismi alla moda, deve saper recuperare una narrazione incentrata sulla promozione di strumenti intellettuali, abiti mentali, atti a preparare i giovani a vivere il proprio tempo, a saper discernere, scegliere e agire in vista della piena realizzazione umana.

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Mendz, George L. "Obiezione di coscienza e relativismo morale / Conscientious objection and moral relativism." Medicina e Morale 65, no. 1 (September 21, 2016): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2016.427.

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Il lavoro passa brevemente in rassegna i cambiamenti relativi all’attuale comprensione della coscienza e analizza la probabilità che l’obiezione di coscienza sia accettata nel contesto delle nuove percezioni del ruolo della coscienza e del relativismo individualistico o culturale supportato dall’individualismo espressivo contemporaneo. Le critiche e le conclusioni di Husserl sullo scetticismo vengono utilizzate come riferimento per la discussione di tali prospettive. Le incoerenze logiche individuate in entrambe le teorie relativiste mostrano i principali problemi insiti nella loro formulazione e applicazione. Se ne conclude che in una società basata sul relativismo morale sarebbe possibile respingere le ragioni dei singoli per l’obiezione di coscienza, invalidando i loro sforzi per salvaguardare la loro coscienza. Le revisioni della nozione di coscienza spesso invocano il rispetto per l’autonomia personale come salvaguardia dell’autogoverno da parte degli individui. Esaminando l’interpretazione prevalente del concetto di autonomia ne emergono la vaghezza e i limiti, ma ciononostante tale concetto è impiegato per mettere in discussione l’obiezione di coscienza. Dal momento che la possibilità di considerare molti punti di vista diversi è ciò che caratterizza la proposta dei relativisti contemporanei a sostegno delle loro opinioni, lo studio che presentiamo affronta anche il problema di come sia veramente relativo il relativismo contemporaneo. Il risultato di questa analisi intende fornire un approfondimento sui problemi incontrati dal rifiuto della coscienza in un contesto sociale relativistico. ---------- This work reviewed briefly changes in the current understanding of conscience and analysed the likelihood of conscientious objections being accepted in the context of these new perceptions of the role of conscience and of the individual or cultural relativism supported by contemporary expressive individualism. Husserl’s critiques and conclusions about skepticism were used as models to discuss these prospects. Logical inconsistencies identified in both relativistic theories exposed fundamental problems in their formulation and application. It was concluded that in a society based on moral relativism, it would be possible to rebut the reasons of individuals to object in conscience, rendering void their efforts to safeguard their conscience. Revisions of the notion of conscience often invoke respect for personal autonomy as a safeguard of self-government by individuals. An examination of a prevailing concept of autonomy showed it riddled with imprecisions and limitations, but nonetheless employed to question the validity of objections in conscience. Since the ability to accommodate many different perspectives is a characteristic proposed by contemporary relativists in support of their views, the study addressed also the question of how truly relative is, in fact, contemporary relativism. The result of these analyses provided added insights into the problems faced by conscientious refusals in a relativistic social context.

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Ho, Eu Chin. "Response to Vaghela." Clinical Otolaryngology 30, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.2005.00987.x.

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Vaghela, Eesh, M. J. Keshvani, Keval Gadani, Zalak Joshi, Hetal Boricha, K. Asokan, D. Venkateshwarlu, V. Ganesan, N. A. Shah, and P. S. Solanki. "Correction: Charge transport mechanisms in sol–gel grown La0.7Pb0.3MnO3/LaAlO3 manganite films." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 9 (2017): 6887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp90038d.

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Correction for ‘Charge transport mechanisms in sol–gel grown La_0.7Pb_0.3MnO₃/LaAlO₃ manganite films’ by Eesh Vaghela et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07730g.

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Arpioni, Maria Pia. "Lo sguardo sul paesaggio nella fotografia di Giovanni Pasinato // The Look into Landscape in the Photography of Giovanni Pasinato // La mirada sobre el paisaje en la fotografia de Giovanni Pasinato." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 6, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2015.6.1.639.

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Il saggio presenta il lavoro di un giovane fotografo del Nord Est italiano, Giovanni Pasinato (Venezia 1974-), attraverso l’analisi della sua opera e un’intervista all’autore, impegnato in un’attività dalle consistenti valenze cognitive ed etiche, ascrivibile alla Scuola italiana di fotografia del paesaggio (Luigi Ghirri, Guido Guidi, Giovanni Chiaramonte), ma dotata di tratti originali in forte sviluppo. Il contributo intende mostrare come la fotografia di Pasinato—dalle esplorazioni del “terzo paesaggio” lungo strade e autostrade, alla ricerca condotta sulle scene urbane di Treviso e Venezia Mestre, fino alla più recente perlustrazione dell’antico bosco del Montello (sulla cui esistenza minacciata si era levato altissimo anche il canto poetico di Andrea Zanzotto, scomparso nel 2011)—sia tutta incentrata sulla funzione fondamentale dello “sguardo,” grazie alla quale il suo lavoro si caratterizza come indagine e strumento di consapevolezza, in senso lato “politica,” sul rapporto fra l’essere umano e i luoghi. Le immagini di Pasinato, sommesse, limpide e allo stesso tempo avvolte da vaghezza, interrogano l’osservatore, proponendogli un dialogo con gli spazi fotografati ed evidenziando l’inscindibilità stilistica fra forma e contenuto; si distinguono per l’assenza di ogni compiacimento soggettivistico ed estetico, a favore della riscoperta, realizzata per mezzo di una essenziale valorizzazione della “visione,” dello stretto nesso fra cultura e natura, fra l’essere umano e gli altri viventi. Proprio mentre sollecitano il senso della nostra responsabilità collettiva, tralasciando ogni cedimento sentimentalistico e nostalgico, queste fotografie invitano ad avere coscienza e perciò, in ultima analisi, speranza. Pasinato rivendica così alla fotografia un’alta funzione artistica e civile, spesso misconosciuta proprio da quegli enti e istituzioni che dovrebbero avere a cuore il bene comune. Abstract The analysis and the interview of the author contained in this essay portray the work of a young Italian photographer, Giovanni Pasinato (Venice 1974-), who lives in the North East of Italy and who devotes himself to an activity encompassing important cognitive and ethical aspects. His work can be included within the Italian School of Landscape Photography (Luigi Ghirri, Guido Guidi, Giovanni Chiaramonte), but has original features in robust development. This essay will show how Pasinato’s photography—from his explorations of the “third landscape” along roads and highways, through his research in the urban scenes of Treviso and Venice Mestre, up to the latest reconnaissance of the Montello’s ancient wood (on whose endangered existence, Andrea Zanzotto, who died in 2011, wrote wonderful poems)—is entirely focused on the fundamental function of the “look,” thanks to which his work characterizes itself as an investigation, an instrument of the awareness, in the broad sense “political,” of the relationship between human being and place. Pasinato’s whispered, limpid yet at the same time ambiguous images, question their beholders, offering them a dialogue with the photographed spaces, underlining the stylistic indivisibility between form and content. In comparison to other landscape photography experiences, Pasinato’s works stand out, thanks to the absence of any subjective and aesthetic self-gratification and by favouring, through an essential enhancement of the “vision,” the revival of the close relationship between culture and nature and between human beings and other living beings. Just as his photographs stress the importance of our collective responsibility, ignoring any sentimental or nostalgic concession, they are an exhortation to raise awareness and, ultimately, hope. Thus, Pasinato ascribes to photography a highly artistic and civil function, which is often disregarded by those organizations and those authorities that should really care for the common good. Resumen El análisis y la entrevista del autor en que se centra este ensayo presentan la obra de un joven fotógrafo del noreste de Italia, Giovanni Pasinato (Venecia, 1974-), que se dedica a un actividad que abarca importantes aspectos cognitivos y éticos. Su trabajo puede incluirse en la Escuela Italiana de Fotografía del paisaje (Luigi Ghirri, Guido Guidi, Giovanni Chiaramonte), pero tiene rasgos originales en fuerte desarrollo. Este ensayo mostrará como la fotografía de Pasinato—desde sus exploraciones del "tercer paisaje" en el camino de carreteras y autopistas, la investigación en las escenas urbanas de las ciudades de Treviso y Venecia Mestre, hasta la más reciente exploración del antiguo bosque de la colina llamada Montello (sobre el riesgo de su desaparición, también el poeta Andrea Zanzotto, fallecido en 2011, escribió algunas de sus mejores obras)—está completamente enfocada en la función fundamental de la observación, gracias al que su trabajo se caracteriza como una investigación, un instrumento de la concienciación, en el amplio sentido “político”, de la relación entre ser humano y lugar. Las imágenes de Pasinato, suaves, claras y al mismo tiempo envueltas en vaguedad, questionan a quien observa, le proponen un dialogo con los espacios fotografiados y subrayan la inseparabilidad estilística entre forma y contenido. En comparación con otras experiencias de fotografía del paisaje, las representaciones de Pasinato destacan gracias a la ausencia de autocomplacencia subjetivista y estética, tratando de descubrir nuevamente la estrecha interrelación entre naturaleza y cultura, entre los seres humanos y otros seres vivientes. En cuanto instan nuestro sentido de la responsabilidad colectiva, dejando de poner la atención en sentimentalismos y nostalgias, estas fotografías invitan a adquirir conciencia y, además, esperanza. Pasinato reclama para la fotografía una importante función artística y civil, muchas veces ignorada por las instituciones que deberían preocuparse por el bien común.

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Redaelli, Arianna. "PER UN’INTERPRETAZIONE COMUNICATIVA DELLA PUNTEGGIATURA NELLE GRAMMATICHE FRANCESI DEL SECOLO XVIII: ESEMPI DI LETTURA MANZONIANA." Italiano LinguaDue 13, no. 2 (January 26, 2022): 573–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2037-3597/17149.

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L’articolo intende fornire una breve disamina delle riflessioni riservate alla punteggiatura da parte di alcune tra le principali grammatiche del Settecento francese, allo scopo di segnalarne la modernità, la profondità d’analisi e l’influenza che esercitarono sulla sintassi moderna, non solo d’oltralpe. Una prima sezione è destinata a osservare come, di fronte alla storia recente dell’interpunzione, i grammatici illuministi si scostino sensibilmente dalle tendenze imperanti in Italia. Essi, infatti, non riservano all’argomento spazio esiguo e liminare, né si limitano a fornire semplici regole d’uso oscillanti tra un’interpretazione pausativa e un’interpretazione sintattica dei segni, e non di rado ridotte a vaghezze sul libero arbitrio degli scriventi. Al contrario, propongono osservazioni ampie e acute, poco o per nulla connesse alla mera prassi (dunque scarsamente fruibili a livello didattico), e perlopiù relate al problematico rapporto tra oralità e scrittura, ai cambiamenti verificatisi nel tempo entro il sistema scrittorio e ai fondamenti logici e semantici che presiedono all’organizzazione del discorso, cui la punteggiatura prende attivamente parte. Si procede poi con l’osservazione diretta di alcuni scritti, in particolare dei notevoli esempi forniti dalle opere di Claude Buffier, dell’abate Girard e di Nicolas Beauzée. Pur nella difformità delle trattazioni, tali grammatici condividono un approccio ragionativo al problema, che prende avvio da un’analisi minuziosa del testo e che offre altresì i presupposti per un fertile dialogo tra indirizzi interpretativi talora divergenti. Le loro proposte giungono, tra Settecento e Ottocento, anche in Italia, al punto che uno scrittore quale il Manzoni dei Promessi Sposi sembra venirne influenzato. Di qui, una casistica che lo dimostri. Si pensi, ad esempio, all’impiego della virgola tra soggetto e predicato – che i grammatici italiani teorizzano solo a partire dal Novecento, con il Malagòli – quando il primo sia espanso o da tematizzare; e all’uso del corsivo – ancora considerato, in ambiente peninsulare, appannaggio del tipografo – per segnalare la citazione, nel testo, di un altro testo scritto: riflessioni riscontrabili, almeno sino a Ottocento inoltrato, nella sola grammatica del Beauzée. Qualche considerazione conclusiva, infine, inserisce questi lavori nel complesso degli studi sull’interpunzione e chiarisce il legame sussistente tra essi e il testo manzoniano, anche in relazione alla diffusione del paradigma comunicativo-testuale nel panorama grammaticografico italiano. A communicative interpretation of punctuation in the French grammar books of the XVIII century: manzonian examples The article provides a brief examination of the reflections on punctuation in some of the main eighteenth century French grammar books, in order to point out their modernity, depth of their analysis and the influence they exerted on modern syntax, not only in France. The first section observes how, in the face of the recent history of punctuation, the grammarians of the Enlightenment deviated considerably from the prevailing trends in Italy. In fact, they dedicated ample space to the subject, going beyond providing simple rules for use that oscillated between a pausative interpretation and a syntactic interpretation of the signs, which not infrequently were reduced to vagueness regarding the free will of the writers. The ample and acute observations, barely connected to mere practice (therefore scarcely usable at a didactic level), were mostly related to the problematic relationship between orality and writing, changes that occurred over time within the writing system and to the logical and semantic foundations that presided over the organization of discourse, where punctuation took an active part. We then proceed with the direct observation of some writings, in particular remarkable examples provided by the works of Claude Buffier, Abbot Girard and Nicolas Beauzée. Despite the differences in their treatments, these grammarians shared a reasoned approach to the problem, which began with a detailed analysis of the text and which also offered the basis for a fertile dialogue between interpretative, sometimes divergent, approaches. Between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, their proposals reached Italy, where Manzoni, in Promessi Sposi, seemed to have been influenced by them. Hence, a series of cases demonstrate this. Think, for example, of the use of the comma between subject and predicate – that Italian grammarians theorized only from the twentieth century with Malagòli – when the first was expanded or thematized; or the use of italics – still considered, in a peninsular environment, the prerogative of the typographer – to signal a citation, in the text, of another written text: reflections that can be found, at least until the late nineteenth century, only in the grammar book by Beauzée. Finally, a few concluding considerations place these works within studies on punctuation and clarify the link between them and Manzoni’s text, also in relation to the diffusion of the communicative-textual paradigm in the Italian grammatical panorama.

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"Development of Privacy-Preservation of Big Data with support of Hyperledger Fabric and IPFS." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering 10, no. 5 (October 7, 2021): 2930–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2021/011052021.

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Alpesh Vaghela et al., International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 10(5), September - October 2021, 2930 – 2935 2930 ABSTRACT Academics and industry researchers alike find privacy-preservation of large data to be a very intriguing field of study. Data collection, storage, and processing are the three steps of big data's life cycle. At different stages of the big data life cycle, different privacy and security solutions are used. Many health-care stakeholders are working together to develop a new pattern for safeguarding people from an unknown disease while also promoting economic prosperity. The methods of big data processing and big data analytics will be employed to discover new economic growth patterns. Because the current method of data anonymization leads to data breaches, researchers needed to develop a new way of large data mining or knowledge discovery in databases (KDD), in which numerous parties share their data to identify new patterns. This study introduces a novel way for data mining privacy protection based on Blockchain and the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) (PPDM). The authors propose leveraging Blockchain and IPFS to create the ChainPPDM approach for preserving big data privacy. The data saved on the blockchain is immutable, transparent, and safe, and it allows for decentralized storage. IPFS is a distributed file system that stores data in a decentralized manner.

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Silva, Diego Romário, Rafaela Durrer Parolina Carvalho, Ana Caroline Rodrigues, Kaiane Tavares Pontes, and Andréa Cristina Barbosa da Silva. "Os produtos naturais são uma alternativa para o tratamento da candidose oral? Uma revisão de ensaios clínicos." ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 7, no. 12 (March 20, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v7i12.3054.

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Introdução: a candidose oral é uma doença oportunista que acomete principalmente pacientes imunossuprimidos e usuários de prótese dentária total. Apesar da eficácia terapêutica dos antifúngicos utilizados atualmente para o tratamento desta doença, essas drogas apresentam muitos efeitos adversos relacionados à dose. Além disso, tem-se observado um aumento da resistência microbiana para esses agentes. Baseado nisso, uma fonte de busca promissora de princípios ativos alternativos para o tratamento da candidose oral são os produtos naturais. Objetivo: revisar a literatura sobre ensaios clínicos com produtos naturais para o tratamento da candidose oral, a fim de responder se existe evidência que os produtos naturais podem ser utilizados como tratamento alternativo para esta doença. Material e método: foi realizada uma síntese de todos os ensaios clínicos com produtos naturais para tratamento da candidose indexados banco de dados Pubmed. Resultado: seguindo os critérios de inclusão e exclusão entraram nesta revisão 6 estudos. Os estudos avaliaram a eficácia dos produtos naturais quanto aos parâmetros clínicos e micológicos e grau de satisfação do paciente. Conclusão: apesar da pouca quantidade de ensaios clínicos nesta temática, há evidência de que os produtos naturais podem ser usdos para tratar a candidose oral, especialmente alho, mamona, româ e melaleuca.Descritores: Produtos Biológicos; Candida; Imunidade.ReferênciasHani U, Shivakumar HG, Vaghela R, Osmani RAM, Shrivastava A. Candidiasis: A fungal infection- current challenges and progress in prevention and treatment. Infect Disorders Drug Targets. 2015;15(1):42-52.Pereira CA, Domingues N, Araújo MI, Junqueira JC, Back-Brito GN, Jorge AO. Production of virulence factors in Candida strains isolated from patients with denture stomatitis and control individuals. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016;85(1):66-72.Patil S, Rao RS, Majumdar B, Anil S. Clinical appearance of oral candida infection and therapeutic strategies. Front Microbiol. 2015;6:1391.Dos Santos AL. HIV aspartyl protease inhibitors as promising compounds against Candida albicans. World J Biol Chem.2010;1(2):21-30.Shao LC, Sheng CQ, Zhang WN. Recent advances in the study of antifungal lead compounds with new chemical scaffolds. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2007;42(11):1129-36.Kullberg BJ, Arendrup MC. Invasive candidiasis. N Engl J Med. 2015. 373:1445-56.Williams D, Lewis M. Pathogenesis and treatment of oral candidosis. J Oral Microbiol. 2011;3:5771. doi: 10.3402/jom.v3i0.5771.Kuriyama T, Williams DW, Bagg J, Couçter WA, Ready D, Lewis MAO. In vitro susceptibility of oral Candida to seven antifungal agents. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2005;20(6):349-53.Wong SS, Samaranayake LP, Andseneviratne CJ. In pursuit of the ideal antifungal agent for Candida infections: high-throughput screening of small molecules. Drug Discov Today. 2014;19(11):1721-30.Jandourek A, Vaishampayan JK, Vazquez JA. Efficacy of melaleuca oral solution for the treatment of fluconazole refractory oral candidiasis in AIDS patients. AIDS. 1998;12(9):1033-37.Vasconcelos LC, Sampaio MC, Sampaio FC, Higino JS. Use of Punica granatum as an antifungal agent against candidosis associated with denture stomatitis. Mycoses. 2003;46(5-6):192-96.Catalán A, Pacheco JG, Martínez A, Mondaca MA. In vitro and in vivo activity of Melaleuca alternifolia mixed with tissue conditioner on Candida albicans. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;105(3):327-32.Wright SC, Maree JE, Sibanyoni M. Treatment of oral thrush in HIV/AIDS patients with lemon juice and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) and gentian violet. Phytomedicine. 2009; 16(2/3):118-24.Bakhshi M, Taheri JB, Shabestari SB, Tanik A, Pahlevan R. Comparison of therapeutic effect of aqueous extract of garlic and nystatin mouthwash in denture stomatitis. Gerodontology. 2012;29(2):e680-84.Pinelli LA, Montandon AA, Corbi SC, Moraes TA, Fais LM. Ricinus communis treatment of denture stomatitis in institutionalised elderly. J Oral Rehabil. 2013;40(5):375-80.Pai MB, Prashant GM, Murlikrishna KS, Shivakumar KM, Chandu GN. Antifungal efficacy of Punica granatum, Acacia nilotica, Cuminum cyminum and Foeniculum vulgare on Candida albicans: an in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res. 2010;21(3):334-36.Höfling JF, Anibal PC, Obando-Pereda GA, Peixoto IA, Furletti VF, Foglio MA et al. Antimicrobial potential of some plant extracts against Candida species. Braz J Biol. 2010;70(4):1065-68.Doddanna SJ, Patel S, Sundarrao MA, Veerabhadrappa RS. Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts on Candida albicans: an in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res. 2013;24(4):401-5.Maubon D, Garnaud C, Calandra T, Sanglard D, Cornet M. Resistance of Candida spp. to antifungal drugs in the ICU: where are we now? Intensive Care Med. 2014; 40(9):1241-55.Alexander BD, Johnson MD, Pfeiffer CD, Jiménez-Ortigosa C, Catania J, Booker R et al. Increasing echinocandin resistance in Candida glabrata: clinical failure correlates with presence of FKS mutations and elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56(12):1724-32.Shields RK, Nguyen MH, Press EG, Updike CL, Clancy CJ. Caspofungin MICs correlate with treatment outcomes among patients with Candida glabrata invasive candidiasis and prior echinocandin exposure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57(8):3528-35.

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Sk, Farooq. "Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 Journal > Journal > Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 > Page 6 PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF GASOLINE-ETHANOL BLENDS ON PFI-SI ENGINE Authors: D.Vinay Kumar ,G.Samhita Priyadarsini,V.Jagadeesh Babu,Y.Sai Varun Teja, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00051 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Alcohol based fuels can be produced from renewable energy sources and has the potential to reduce pollutant emissions due to their oxygenated nature. Lighter alcohols like ethanol and methanol are easily miscible with gasoline and by blending alcohols with gasoline; a part of conventional fuel can be replaced while contributing to fuel economy. Several researchers tested various ethanol blends on different engine test rigs and identified ethanol as one of the most promising ecofriendly fuels for spark ignition engine. Its properties high octane number, high latent heat of vaporization give better performance characteristics and reduces exhaust emissions compared to gasoline. This paper focuses on studying the effects of blending 50 of ethanol by volume with gasoline as it hardly needs engine modifications. Gasoline (E0) and E50 fuels were investigated experimentally on single-cylinder, four-stroke port fuel injection spark ignition engine by varying engine speed from 1500 rpm to 3500 rpm. Performance Characteristics like torque, brake power, specific fuel consumption, and volumetric efficiency and exhaust emissions such as HC, CO, CO2, NOx were studied.. Keywords: Ethanol,Emissions,Gasoline,Port fuel Injection, Refference: I Badrawada, I. G. G., and A. A. P. Susastriawan. “Influence of ethanol–gasoline blend on performance and emission of four-stroke spark ignition motorcycle.” Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy (2019): 1-6. II Doğan, Battal, et al. “The effect of ethanol-gasoline blends on performance and exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine through exergy analysis.” Applied Thermal Engineering 120 (2017): 433-443. III Efemwenkiekie, U. Ka, et al. “Comparative Analysis of a Four Stroke Spark Ignition Engine Performance Using Local Ethanol and Gasoline Blends.” Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019): 1079-1086. IV Galloni, E., F. Scala, and G. Fontana. “Influence of fuel bio-alcohol content on the performance of a turbo-charged, PFI, spark-ignition engine.” Energy 170 (2019): 85-92. V Hasan, Ahmad O., et al. “Impact of changing combustion chamber geometry on emissions, and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder SI (spark ignition) engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline blends.” Fuel 231 (2018): 197-203. VI Mourad, M., and K. Mahmoud. “Investigation into SI engine performance characteristics and emissions fuelled with ethanol/butanol-gasoline blends.” Renewable Energy 143 (2019): 762-771. VII Singh, Ripudaman, et al. “Influence of fuel injection strategies on efficiency and particulate emissions of gasoline and ethanol blends in a turbocharged multi-cylinder direct injection engine.” International Journal of Engine Research (2019): 1468087419838393. VIII Thakur, Amit Kumar, et al. “Progress in performance analysis of ethanol-gasoline blends on SI engine.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 69 (2017): 324-340. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS FOR CUSTOMIZED AFO USING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING Authors: Gamini Suresh,Nagarjuna Maguluri,Kunchala Balakrishna, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00052 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Neurodegenerative conditions and compressed nerves often cause an abnormal foot drop that affects an individual gait and make it difficult to walk normally. Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) is the medical device which is recommended for the patients to improve the walking ability and decrease the risk of falls. Custom AFOs provide better fit, comfort and performance than pre-manufactured ones. The technique of 3D-printing is suitable for making custom AFOs. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a 3D-printing method for custom AFO applications with the desired resistance and material deposition rate. Generally, FDM is a thermal process; therefore materials thermal behaviour plays an important role in optimizing the performance of the printed parts. The objective of this study is to evaluate the thermal behaviour of PLA, ABS, nylon and WF-PLA filaments before manufacturing the AFO components using the FDM method. In the study, the sequence of testing materials provides a basic measuring method to investigate AFO device parts thermal stability. Thermal analysis (TG/DTG and DSC) was carried out before 3D printing is to characterize the thermal stability of each material. Keywords: Additive Manufacturing,Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO),FusedDeposition Modelling,ThermalAnalysis, Refference: I. J. Pritchett, “Foot drop: Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology,” Medscape Drugs, Dis. Proced., vol. 350, no. apr27_6, p. h1736, 2014. II. J. Graham, “Foot drop: Explaining the causes, characteristics and treatment,” Br. J. Neurosci. Nurs., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 168–172, 2010. III. Y. Feng and Y. Song, “The Categories of AFO and Its Effect on Patients With Foot Impair: A Systemic Review,” Phys. Act. Heal., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 8–16, 2017. IV. J. H. P. Pallari, K. W. Dalgarno, J. Munguia, L. Muraru, L. Peeraer, S. Telfer, and J. Woodburn” Design and additive fabrication of foot and ankle-foot orthoses”21st Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium – An Additive Manufacturing Conference, SFF 2010 (2010) 834-845 V. Y. Jin, Y. He, and A. Shih, “Process Planning for the Fuse Deposition Modeling of Ankle-Foot-Othoses,” Procedia CIRP, vol. 42, no. Isem Xviii, pp. 760–765, 2016. VI. R. K. Chen, Y. an Jin, J. Wensman, and A. Shih, “Additive manufacturing of custom orthoses and prostheses-A review,” Addit. Manuf., vol. 12, pp. 77–89, 2016. VII. A. D. Maso and F. Cosmi, “ScienceDirect 3D-printed ankle-foot orthosis : a design method,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 12, pp. 252–261, 2019. VIII. B. Yuan et al., “Designing of a passive knee-assisting exoskeleton for weight-bearing,” in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 2017, vol. 10463 LNAI, pp. 273–285. IX. R. Spina, B. Cavalcante, and F. Lavecchia, “Diment LE, Thompson MS, Bergmann JHM. Clinical efficacy and effectiveness of 3D printing: a systematic review.,” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 1960, 2018. X. M. Srivastava, S. Maheshwari, T. K. Kundra, and S. Rathee, “ScienceDirect Multi-Response Optimization of Fused Deposition Modelling Process Parameters of ABS Using Response Surface Methodology ( RSM ) -Based Desirability Analysis,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1972–1977, 2017. XI. E. Malekipour, S. Attoye, and H. El-Mounayri, “Investigation of Layer Based Thermal Behavior in Fused Deposition Modeling Process by Infrared Thermography,” Procedia Manuf., vol. 26, pp. 1014–1022, 2018. XII. A. Patar, N. Jamlus, K. Makhtar, J. Mahmud, and T. Komeda, “Development of dynamic ankle foot orthosis for therapeutic application,” Procedia Eng., vol. 41, no. Iris, pp. 1432–1440, 2012. XIII. Y. A. Jin, H. Li, Y. He, and J. Z. Fu, “Quantitative analysis of surface profile in fused deposition modelling,” Addit. Manuf., vol. 8, pp. 142–148, 2015. XIV. M. Walbran, K. Turner, and A. J. McDaid, “Customized 3D printed ankle-foot orthosis with adaptable carbon fibre composite spring joint,” Cogent Eng., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2016. XV. N. Wierzbicka, F. Górski, R. Wichniarek, and W. Kuczko, “The effect of process parameters in fused deposition modelling on bonding degree and mechanical properties,” Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 283–288, 2017. XVI. S. Farah, D. G. Anderson, and R. Langer, “Physical and mechanical properties of PLA, and their functions in widespread applications — A comprehensive review,” Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., vol. 107, pp. 367–392, 2016. XVII. S. Wojtyła, P. Klama, and T. Baran, “Is 3D printing safe ? Analysis of the thermal treatment of thermoplastics : ABS , PLA , PET , and,” vol. 9624, no. April, 2017. XVIII. G. Cicala et al., “Polylactide / lignin blends,” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 2017. XIX. S. Y. Lee, I. A. Kang, G. H. Doh, H. G. Yoon, B. D. Park, and Q. Wu, “Thermal and mechanical properties of wood flour/talc-filled polylactic acid composites: Effect of filler content and coupling treatment,” J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 209–223, 2008. XX. Y. Tao, H. Wang, Z. Li, P. Li, and S. Q. Shi, “Development and application ofwood flour-filled polylactic acid composite filament for 3d printing,” Materials (Basel)., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1–6, 2017. XXI. D. Lewitus, S. McCarthy, A. Ophir, and S. Kenig, “The effect of nanoclays on the properties of PLLA-modified polymers Part 1: Mechanical and thermal properties,” J. Polym. Environ., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 171–177, 2006. XXII. H. J. Chung, E. J. Lee, and S. T. Lim, “Comparison in glass transition and enthalpy relaxation between native and gelatinized rice starches,” Carbohydr. Polym., vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 287–298, 2002. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 CFD STUDIES OF MIXING BEHAVIOR OF INERT SAND WITH BIOMASS IN FLUIDIZED BED Authors: B.J.M.Rao,K.V.N.S.Rao, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00053 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Agriculture deposits, which remains unused and often causes ecological problems, could play an important role as an energy source to meet energy needs in developing countries ‘ rural areas. Moreover, energy levels in these deposits are low and need to be elevated by introducing efficient operative conversion technologies to utilize these residues as fuels. In this context, the utilization of a fluidized bed innovation enables a wide range of non-uniform-sized low-grade fuels to be effectively converted into other forms of energy.This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of fluidized conversion method for transformation of agricultural by-products such as rice husk, sawdust, and groundnut shells into useful energy. The present investigation was conducted to know the mixing characteristics of sand and fuel have been found by conducting experiments with mixing ratio of rice husk (1:13), saw dust(1:5) and groundnut shells (1:12), the variation of particle movement in the bed and mixing characteristics are analyzed. The impact of sand molecule size on the fluidization speed of two biofuel and sand components is studied and recommended for groundnut shells using a sand molecule of 0.6 mm size and for rice husk, sawdust 0.4 mm sand particle size. Also, establish that the particle size of sand has a significant effect on mingling features in case of sawdust. In the next part of the investigation, the CFD simulations of the fluidized bed are done to investigate the mixing behavior of sand and biomass particles. A set of simulations are conducted by ANSYS FLUENT16; the state of the bed is the same as that of the test. The findings were presented with the volume fraction of sand and biomass particles in the form of contour plots. Keywords: Biomass,sand,mixing behavior,Volume Fraction,CFD model, Refference: I Anil Tekale, Swapna God, Balaji Bedre, Pankaj Vaghela, Ganesh Madake, Suvarna Labade (2017), Energy Production from Biomass: Review, International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, Volume 2, Issue 10, ISSN No: – 2456 – 2165. II Anil Kumar, Nitin Kumar , Prashant Baredar , Ashish Shukla (2015), A review on biomass energy resources, potential, conversion and policy in India, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Reviews 45-530-539. III Zhenglan Li, ZhenhuaXue (2015), Review of Biomass Energy utilization technology, 3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering. IV Abdeen Mustafa Omer (2011), Biomass energy resources utilisation and waste management, Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development Vol. 3(8), pp. 149 -170 V Rijul Dhingra, Abhinav Jain, Abhishek Pandey, and Srishti Mahajan (2014), Assessment of Renewable Energy in India, International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 5, No. 5. VI Paulina Drożyner, Wojciech Rejmer, Piotr Starowicz,AndrzejKlasa, Krystyna A. Skibniewska (2013), Biomass as a Renewable Source of Energy, Technical Sciences 16(3), 211–220. VII Souvik Das, Swati Sikdar (2016), A Review on the Non-conventional Energy Sources in Indian Perspective, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 03 Issue: 02. VIII Maninder, Rupinderjit Singh Kathuria, Sonia Grover, Using Agricultural Residues as a Biomass Briquetting: An Alternative Source of Energy, IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSRJEEE), ISSN: 2278-1676 Volume 1, Issue 5 (July-Aug. 2012), PP 11-15. IX H.B.Goyal, DiptenduldDeal, R.C.Saxena (2006) Bio-fuels from thermochemical conversion of renewable resources: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 12, Issue 2Pages 504-517. X Digambar H. Patil, J. K. Shinde(2017) A Review Paper on Study of Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier, International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology, Volume 4, Issue 4 XI Neil T.M. Duffy, John A. Eaton (2013) Investigation of factors affecting channelling in fixed-bed solid fuel combustion using CFD, Combustion and Flame 160, 2204–2220. XII Xing Wu, Kai Li, Feiyue and Xifeng Zhu (2017), Fluidization Behavior of Biomass Particles and its Improvement in a Cold Visualized Fluidized, Bio Resources 12(2), 3546-3559. XIII N.G. Deen, M. Van Sint Annaland, M.A. Van der Hoef, J.A.M. Kuipers (2007), Reviewof discrete particle modeling of fluidized beds, Chemical Engineering Science 62, 28 – 44. XIV BaskaraSethupathySubbaiah, Deepak Kumar Murugan, Dinesh Babu Deenadayalan, Dhamodharan.M.I (2014), Gasification of Biomass Using Fluidized Bed, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 2. XV Priyanka Kaushal, Tobias Pröll and Hermann Hofbauer, Modelling and simulation of the biomass fired dual fluidized bed gasifier at Guessing/Austria. XVI Dawit DiribaGuta (2012), Assessment of Biomass Fuel Resource Potential and Utilization in Ethiopia: Sourcing Strategies for Renewable Energies, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol.2, and No.1. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 AN APPROACH FOR OPTIMISING THE FLOW RATE CONDITIONS OF A DIVERGENT NOZZLE UNDER DIFFERENT ANGULAR CONDITIONS Authors: Lam Ratna Raju ,Ch. Pavan Satyanarayana,Neelamsetty Vijaya Kavya, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00054 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: A spout is a device which is used to offer the guidance to the gases leaving the burning chamber. Spout is a chamber which has a capability to change over the thermo-compound essentials created within the ignition chamber into lively vitality. The spout adjustments over the low speed, excessive weight, excessive temperature fuel in the consuming chamber into rapid gasoline of decrease weight and low temperature. An exciting spout is used if the spout weight volume is superior vehicles in supersonic airplane machines commonly combine a few sort of a distinctive spout. Our exam is surpassed on the use of programming like Ansys Workbench for arranging of the spout and Fluent 15.0 for separating the streams inside the spout. The events of staggers for the pipe formed spouts have been seen close by trade parameters for numerous considered one of a kind edges. The parameters underneath recognition are differentiated and that of shape spout for singular terrific edges by using keeping up the gulf, outlet and throat width and lengths of joined together and diverse quantities as same. The simultaneous component and throat expansiveness are kept regular over the cases.The surprise of stun became envisioned and the effects exhibited near closeness in direction of motion of Mach circle and its appearance plans as exposed in numerous preliminary considers on advancement in pipe molded particular spouts with assorted edges four°,7°, 10°, Occurrence of stun is seen with higher special factors Keywords: Nozzle,Supersonic Rocket Engine,Divergent edges, Refference: I. Varun, R.; Sundararajan,T.; Usha,R.; Srinivasan,ok.; Interaction among particle-laden under increased twin supersonic jets, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2010 224: 1005. II. Pandey,K.M.; Singh, A.P.; CFD Analysis of Conical Nozzle for Mach 3 at Various Angles of Divergence with Fluent Software, International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol. 1, No. 2, August 2010, ISSN: 2010-0221. III. Natta, Pardhasaradhi.; Kumar, V.Ranjith.; Rao, Dr. Y.V. Hanumantha.; Flow Analysis of Rocket Nozzle Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), ISSN: 2248-9622,Vol. 2, Issue five, September- October 2012, pp.1226-1235. IV. K.M. Pandey, Member IACSIT and A.P. Singh. K.M.Pandey, Member, IACSIT and S.K.YadavK.M.Pandey and S.K.Yadav, ―CFD Analysis of a Rocket Nozzle with Two Inlets at Mach2.1, Journal of Environmental Research and Development, Vol 5, No 2, 2010, pp- 308-321. V. Shigeru Aso, ArifNur Hakim, Shingo Miyamoto, Kei Inoue and Yasuhiro Tani “ Fundamental examine of supersonic combustion in natural air waft with use of surprise tunnel” Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Kyushu University, Japan , Acta Astronautica 57 (2005) 384 – 389. VI. P. Padmanathan, Dr. S. Vaidyanathan, Computational Analysis of Shockwave in Convergent Divergent Nozzle, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), ISSN: 2248-9622 , Vol. 2, Issue 2,Mar-Apr 2012, pp.1597-1605. VII. Adamson, T.C., Jr., and Nicholls., J.A., “On the shape of jets from Highly below improved Nozzles into Still Air,” Journal of the Aerospace Sciences, Vol.26, No.1, Jan 1959, pp. Sixteen-24. VIII. Lewis, C. H., Jr., and Carlson, D. J., “Normal Shock Location in underneath increased Gas and Gas particle Jets,” AIAA Journal, Vol 2, No.4, April 1964, pp. 776-777. Books IX. Anderson, John D.Jr.; Modern Compressible Flow with Historical Perspective, Third edition, 2012 X. Versteeg. H.; Malalasekra.W.; An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics The Finite Volume Method, Second Edition,2009. XI. H.K.Versteeg and W.Malala Sekhara, “An introduction to Computational fluid Dynamics”, British Library cataloguing pub, 4th version, 1996. XII. Lars Davidson, “An introduction to turbulenceModels”, Department of thermo and fluid dynamics, Chalmers college of era, Goteborg, Sweden, November, 2003. XIII. Karna s. Patel, “CFD analysis of an aerofoil”, International Journal of engineering studies,2009. XIV. K.M. Pandey, Member IACSIT and A.P. Singh “CFD Analysis of Conical Nozzle for Mach 3 at Various Angles of Divergence with Fluent Software,2017. XV. P. Parthiban, M. Robert Sagayadoss, T. Ambikapathi, Design And Analysis Of Rocket Engine Nozzle by way of the usage of CFD and Optimization of Nozzle parameters, International Journal of Engineering Research, Vol.Three., Issue.5., 2015 (Sept.-Oct.). View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF DRIVE SHAFT FOR AN AUTOMOBILE APPLICATIONS Authors: Govindarajulu Eedara,P. N. Manthru Naik, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00055 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: The driveshaft is a mechanical instrument that is used in automobiles. The other name of the drive shaft is driveshaft is prop shaft. It has one long cylindrical structure consist of two universal joints. By using the driveshaft it transfers the rotary motion to the differential by using the helical gearbox. By using this rotary motion the rare wheels will run. The 3dimensional Model of automobile drive Shaft is designed using CATIA parametric which enables product development processes and thereby brings about an optimum design. Now a day’s steel is using the best material for the driveshaft.In this paper replacing the composite materials (Kevlar, e-glass epoxy) instead of steel material and itreduces a considerable amount of weight when compared to the conventional steel shaft. The composite driveshaft have high modulus is designed by using CATIA software and tested in ANSYS for optimization of design or material check and providing the best datebook Keywords: The driveshaft ,CATIA,automobile,steel,composite materials,ANSYS,Kevla,e-glass epoxy, Refference: I A.R. Abu Talib, Aidy Ali, Mohamed A. Badie, Nur Azienda Che Lah, A.F. Golestaneh Developing a hybrid, carbon/glass-fiber-reinforced, epoxy composite automotive driveshaft, Material and Design, volume31, 2010, pp 514 – 521 II ErcanSevkat, Hikmet Tumer, Residual torsional properties of composite shafts subjected to impact Loadings, Materials, and design, volume – 51, 2013, pp -956-967. III H. Bayrakceken, S. Tasgetiren, I. Yavuz two cases of failure in the power transmission system on vehicles: A Universal joint yoke and a drive shaft, volume-14,2007,pp71. IV H.B.H. Gubran, Dynamics of hybrid shafts, Mechanics Research communication, volume – 32, 2005, pp – 368-374. V Shaw D, Simitses DJ, SheinmanI. Imperfection sensitivity of laminated cylindrical shells in torsion and axial compression. ComposStruct 1985; 4(3) pp:35–60. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF AN SI ENGINE USING E10 EQUIVALENT TERNARY GASOLINE- ALCOHOL BLENDS." JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF CONTINUA AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES 15, no. 7 (July 26, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00056.

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