Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vaches laitières – Reproduction (biologie)'
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Vignau-Loustau, Laurent. "Mise au point d'une méthode pour la gestion technique des troupeaux bovins laitiers." Toulouse, INPT, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985INPT027A.
Full textTillard, Emmanuel. "Approche globale des facteurs associés à l’infertilité et l’infécondité chez la vache laitière : importance relative des facteurs nutritionnels et des troubles sanitaires dans les élevages de l'île de la Réunion." Montpellier, ENSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSA0022.
Full textBedere, Nicolas. "Aptitude des vaches laitières à se reproduire en systèmes pâturants contrastés : Quelle vache pour quel système ?" Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSARB286/document.
Full textReproductive performance of dairy cows has been declining while their milk production was improving. The strong genetic selection that was applied on milk production is considered to be responsible for this. Each step of the reproductive process has been impacted: abnormal ovarian activity is more common in the current population, the duration and intensity of oestrus has dramatically decreased and the occurrence of pregnancy failures has increased. The consensus in the literature is that reproduction is impaired because dairy cows are investing most of their resources in milk production. The aim of this Ph.D. thesis is to explore the effect of alternative selection strategies based on milk fat and protein content on robustness of dairy cows. Our hypotheses were that at similar genetic merit for milk solids yield, compared to cows with high genetic merit for milk yield,dairy cows with high genetic merit for fat and protein contents (i) are exporting less energy in milk and are consequently safeguarding their body reserve; (ii) have better reproductive performance (earlier resumption of ovarian activity, more intense oestrus, better ability to ensure pregnancy). Our results suggest that cows selected for production through high fat and protein content instead of high milk yield would resume ovarian activity earlier, have similar oestrus intensity but more pregnancy failures. These intriguing results suggest that the steps of the reproductive process are genetically partly disentangled. Selecting dairy cows for fat and protein content is not a promising way to improve repro
Freret, Sandrine. "Variation des apports alimentaires, statut métabolique et production d'embryons chez la vache laitière superovulée." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGPT0027.
Full textRecoules, Emilie. "Etude de la sensiblité de la reproduction des vaches allaitantes aux trajectoires nutritionnelles adaptatives : une approche par modélisation." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF22347/document.
Full textBeef cattle reproduction depends on nutritional status. Until now, relations between nutrition and reproduction focused on static nutritional variables and on few components of the reproductive performance. This work aims to propose a dynamic framework of the interrelations between nutrition and reproduction to better understand it and to simulate succession of reproductive cycles. Due to economic and climatic context, nutritional constraints may occur all around the nutrition cycle whatever the physiological status. A dynamic approach allowed studying the sensitivity of reproductive performance to body lipid quantity and change. Based on a conceptual approach developed in dairy cows, a conceptual framework of the interrelations between nutrition and reproduction has been realized. This proposes two body lipid trajectories: without nutritional constraint and under nutritional constraint (adaptive trajectory). Difference between theses trajectories influences the different components of the reproductive performance. Experimental data from Charolais cows in a not constraining environment and under nutritional constraints allowed quantifying these conceptual interrelations between nutrition and reproduction. A computer model has been built to test the sensitivity of reproductive performance to varying nutritional environments
Dezetter, Charlotte. "Evaluation de l'intérêt du croisement entre races bovines laitières." Nantes, 2015. http://kentika.oniris-nantes.fr/GEIDEFile/These_Dezetter_charlotte.pdf?Archive=194490291267&File=These_Dezetter_charlotte_pdf.
Full textDezetter, Charlotte. "Evaluation de l'intérêt du croisement entre races bovines laitières." Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2015. https://doc-veto.oniris-nantes.fr/GED_CHN/194490291267/These_Dezetter_Charlotte.pdf.
Full textGhaemialehashemi, Seyedrocknaldin. "Effet d'injections hebdomadaires d'un combiné d'acide folique et de vitamine B12 sur la reprise de l'activité ovarienne postpartum chez les vaches laitières." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30128/30128.pdf.
Full textTillard, Emmanuel. "Approche globale des facteurs associés à l'infertilité et l'infécondité chez la vache laitière: importance relative des facteurs nutritionnels et des troubles sanitaires dans les élevages de l'île de la Réunion." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00501821.
Full textCutullic, Erwan. "Concurrence entre lactation et reproduction chez la vache laitière : [thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2007.
Full textAs milk production increased, reproductive performance of the dairy cows has decreased at each reproductive step (cyclicity, oestrus, fertility). The aim of this thesis is to identify milk production effects at each reproductive step. Apart from the direct genetic effects, body reserves level and dynamic are generally though to explain the adverse effects of high milk yield. Two hypotheses are tested: at a given genetic value, milk yield has an effect per se which is not mediated through body reserves evolution, and the hierarchy of these two effects varies according to the reproductive step. In order to uncouple these effects, Holstein and Normande cows bred in a compact calving system were submitted to two feeding strategies. The High feeding level allows high milk yield and moderate body condition loss. The Low one limits milk yield but triggers a deep body condition loss. Only the breed influenced final pregnancy rate. Oestrus was better detected in the Low group, in agreement with an enhanced oestradiol production by pre-ovulatory follicles of cows submitted to this feeding strategy. Early pregnancy failures were more frequent in the Low group; late embryo mortalities were more frequent in the High group for the Holstein breed only. Oestrus and early embryo development appear milk yield level and dynamic driven. Cyclicity, fertilization or early embryo development appear body reserves’ evolution driven. Consequently, this work leads to a better understanding of the competition between milk production and reproduction in the dairy cow
Apper-Bossard, Emmanuelle. "Equilibre de la ration et homéostasie acido-basique chez la vache laitière forte productrice : rôle de la balance alimentaire en cations et en anions, de la teneur en protéines et en énergie rapidement dégradable de la ration." Rennes, Agrocampus, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NSARB166.
Full textHigh producing dairy cows are commonly fed with highly digestible diets containing a high proportion of rapidly degradable starch. Obvious drawbacks to this strategy are the apparition of sub-acute rumen acidosis which lead to economic loses. The dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) should aid in preventing acidosis since cations are absorbed in exchange of protons, whereas anions are absorbed in exchange of NaCO3-. The aim of this thesis was to 1) define DCAD recommendations and 2) describe the mechanisms implied. We made the hypothesis that responses were modulated by the proportion of rapidly degradable energy (4 or 22 % DM) (experiments 1, 2, 4). In experiment 3, DCAD were crossed with two proportions of proteins (90 and 115 PDIE/UFL). The DCAD were more important when diets provided high proportion of rapidly degradable energy and poor proportion of proteins, in agreement with our hypothesis. Effects appeared during the first week of the experiment and lasted during 12 weeks. Mechanisms implied may be précised. Nevertheless, the regulation of the acid-base stutus could partly explained the improvementof performance although a rumen effect could not be excluded. Renal excretion was the main way to excrete ions and urine PH seemed to be a good predictor of DCAD. Our results showed that increase DCAD could prevent the decrease in intake with diets rich in rapidly degradable energy and limiter in proteins
Vanacker, Noémie. "Effet de l’inhibition du signal lactogénique en période péripartum sur la production laitière et sur les dysfonctionnements métaboliques et immunitaires chez les vaches laitières." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10215.
Full textDoublet, Anna-Charlotte. "La diversité génétique à l’ère de la génomique : évolution de la consanguinité et ses conséquences dans trois races bovines laitières françaises." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB016.
Full textGenomic selection, implemented in France since 2009, has drastically modified breeding schemes in large French dairy cattle breeds by increasing the number of candidates for selection and reducing generation intervals. The growing use of embryo transfer has also reshaped breeding schemes, intensifying the selection of dams of bulls and further reducing generation intervals. This resulted in an increased genetic gain.However, if their use is not controlled, they put the genetic diversity of these breeds at risk. This loss of diversity, characterized by an increased inbreeding, can be accompanied by inbreeding depression, a decrease in selection efficiency and a loss of adaptive potential. It is therefore essential to understand and predict the impact of these changes on genetic diversity. We studied the implementation of genomic selection and showed that this technology has led to an increase in annual genetic gain in Montbéliarde, Normande and Prim'Holstein while the loss of genetic diversity has only been accelerated in Prim'Holstein.We showed by simulations that, in the context of genomic selection, the intensive use of embryo transfer in a Montbéliarde-type breeding scheme presented a risk for genetic diversity, and that the reduction in the number of bulls in these schemes caused both a decrease in genetic gain and an acceleration of the loss of genetic diversity.In the Montbéliarde breed, inbreeding depression resulted in lower performance for five production and health traits out of six traits studied. The effects of inbreeding on these performances were very heterogeneous along the genome.Managing inbreeding and its consequences in French dairy cattle breeds requires the implementation of effective, ethical and feasible actions in the field
Oseikria, Mouhamad. "Effets et mécanismes d'action d'une supplémentation en acides gras polyinsaturés n-3 sur la qualité ovocytaire, dans le contexte de la production d'embryons chez les vaches laitières." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4006/document.
Full textWe aimed to investigate whether dietary n-3 PUFA, in Prim‘Holstein dairy cattle in lactation, could influence reproductive performance in terms of embryo production. We showed that n-3 PUFA-enriched diet had a tendency to increase the average number of oocyte-cumulus complexes recovered per cow per OPU session. A tendency to increase the average numbers per cow per OPU session of blastocysts and expanded blastocysts with significantly increase of blastocysts of quality 1 and 2 were noted in the n-3 group compared to the n-6 group. Similarly, the rate of blastocysts, expanded blastocysts and blastocysts of quality 1 and 2 were significantly increased in the n-3 group compared to the n-6 group. We also showed that the addition of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3) at low concentration (1μM) during IVM of bovine oocytes increased cleavage rate, blastocyst rate and embryo quality. DHA and free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4) agonist TUG- 891 (1 or 5 μM) supplied during IVM similarly improved in vitro embryo development, suggesting that FFAR4 may, at least partially, mediate DHA beneficial effects on OCC, through activation of signaling pathways
Ledoux, Dorothée. "Echecs précoces de gestation chez la vache laitière de race Holstein : incidences, implication dans la baisse de fertilité et facteurs de risque." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0044/document.
Full textCurrently, in France and the United States of America, only 30-35 % of first artificial inseminations in Holstein cows result in a calving. Pregnancy failure mainly occurs during embryonic development (fertilization failure - early embryonic mortality (FF-EEM) between D0 and D16 or late embryonic mortality (LEM) between D16 and D45 after insemination). Early pregnancy failure explains the majority of the differences in fertility between the Holstein breed and the other breeds in France, which are more fertile. There are numerous risk factors which cause pregnancy failure: animal, environmental and farm management factors. There are however, three factors which have been modified over time in Holstein cows: genetic merit, abnormal patterns of resumption of cyclicity and negative postpartum energy balance (NEB). Our objective was to identify the relationships between these three factors and early pregnancy failure after first postpartum insemination in Holstein dairy cows. Genetic merit was related to the incidence of FF-EEM and LEM. Prolonged luteal phases seemed to increase the incidence of LEM. The NEB was associated with FF-EEM and LEM. The impact of NEB on oocyte quality during the breeding period remains unclear. Our early pregnancy failure studies have helped to provide some tools to improve farm management
Denis-Robichaud, José. "Effet d'un traitement intra-utérin de céphapirine sur les performances en reproduction des vaches laitières." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10776.
Full textReproduction is a major concern in the dairy industry. In this context, it is relevant to have an early identification of cows at risk of altered subsequent reproductive performance, especially if a treatment is available and effective to improve this performance. Clinical and subclinical endometritis are defined based on their impact on reproductive performance and are interesting tools for reproductive tract health surveillance. The first objective of this research project was to determine simultaneously diagnostic criteria for clinical (diagnosed by Metricheck) and subclinical (diagnosed by endometrial cytology or leukocyte esterase testing) endometritis based on their impact on reproductive performance at first service. Clinical endometritis was defined as presence of purulent vaginal discharge whereas subclinical endometritis was defined as presence of ≥ 6% of polymorphonuclear cells using endometrial cytology or the presence of “large amount of leukocytes” using leukocyte esterase testing. The second objective of this research project was to determine the effect of an intrauterine infusion of cephapirin on the reproductive performance at first service in cows with clinical endometritis, subclinical endometritis, and in cows unaffected by endometritis. Cephapirin treatment had no effect on first service pregnancy risk in unaffected cows or in cows affected by clinical endometritis. However, there was a tendency of a positive effect of the treatment in cows affected by subclinical endometritis. Presence of prolonged postpartum anovulation in cows may reduce the efficacy of the cephapirin treatment, especially in cows affected by clinical endometritis.
Haine, Denis. "Réforme des vaches laitières au Québec." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18586.
Full textThere are several ways to increase the profitability of dairy farms. Among them, culling can affect the average herd production and therefore the costs of production, by modifying the herd structure. In order to determine an optimal herd profitability, it is important to quantify the culling rates and to understand the mechanisms leading to the culling of an animal. The main objective of this thesis is to describe culling in Québec dairy herds. Specifically, it aims to quantify the culling rates, to explore relationship between the herd, the culling rate, and the individual culling risk, to determine the causal effect of clinical mastitis on culling, and to identify the decision-making criteria used by producers and farm advisers. A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted on health and production data from cows in dairy herds from Québec, Canada. Ten years of data, between 2001 and 2010, were used to determine herd profiles and their culling rates, and their potential relationship. Herd influence on individual culling risk and the causal effect of clinical mastitis were explored respectively by contextual analysis and by using a marginal structural model. Shared criteria on culling decisions held by dairy producers, veterinarians and other advisers were identified with the help of the Q-methodology, which provides a means to reveal the decision structure of individuals. This study quantified an average culling rate of 32% based on ten years of follow-up, with significant variations between herds. Specific herd profiles according to a set of characteristics related to their reproductive and production performances, management and health indicators could not be determined. It is however possible to distinguish herds against certain unique feature taken one by one and to relate it to the culling rate, including herd management, reproduction performances, and milk production. These indicators can be considered as contextual variables in multilevel analyses. A herd contextual effect is present in the cow culling risk, but limited. It is mainly due to the pressure of heifers coming into the herd. Culling risk due to clinical mastitis, considered in the counterfactual framework of a longitudinal study where exposure is time-varying, is comparable between primiparous and multiparous cows. For this risk, dairy production has less influence in primiparous that in multiparous cows. Producers and their advisers share a common framework for culling decision-making, referring essentially to cow's udder health and her milk production. Herd culling rate is not involved in the decision to cull a specific cow.
Tazerout, Nacera. "Détermination des concentrations de déoxynivalénol et zéaralénone associées à des maladies chez les vaches laitières." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18656.
Full textKrug, Catarina. "Performance and health of dairy cows incompletely milked during the first five days in milk." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21073.
Full textTruchetti, Geoffrey. "Efficacité d’un traitement intra-mammaire prolongé à base de ceftiofur (Spectramast®) pour les mammites cliniques chez les vaches laitières." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5885.
Full textLittle research has focused on extended therapy in lactating cows with clinical mastitis and none were with ceftiofur. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of an intramammary extended ceftiofur treatment for mild to moderate clinical mastitis, and to determine whether it would increase cure rates when considering any bacteria or more particularly Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and streptococci. Holstein dairy cows (n = 241) from 22 herds located in Quebec and Ontario, Canada, were included. The study was designed as a randomized clinical trial. For each case of mild to moderate clinical mastitis diagnosed, 125 mg of ceftiofur hydrochloride (Spectramast® LC) was administered intramammary once a day for 2 or 8 consecutive days. Clinical cure rate 21 days after the last treatment was identical in each group (89%; n = 98/110; p = 0.95). Bacteriological cure rates 21 days after the last treatment for the 2- and 8-day regimens were 32% (n = 15/47) and 61% (n = 25/41), respectively, for all bacteria (p < 0.01); 64% (n = 9/14) and 82% (n = 9/11), respectively, for streptococci (p = 0.50); and 0% (n = 0/20) and 47% (n = 9/19), respectively, for S. aureus (p < 0.01). There were no statistical differences between experimental groups for new intramammary infections. Extended therapy appears to be a reasonable choice for the treatment of mild to moderate clinical mastitis, particularly in cases where S. aureus is the pathogen involved.
Rasolomboahanginjatovo, Hasina Santatriniaina. "Relations entre le statut utérin, les paramètres biochimiques du sérum et du liquide de lavage utérin et la production d’embryons chez les vaches laitières après surovulation." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5154.
Full textThe developing embryo is dependent on the nutrients provided by the oviduct and the uterine fluid. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of SOV on uterine bacteriology and cytology, on serum and uterine biochemical parameters and consequently on the number of TE. Non-lactating (n=7) and lactating (n=28) Holstein cows were synchronized for estrus and superovulated respectively and were inseminated twice. Uterine bacteriology and cytology and various uterine and serum biochemical parameters were measured at day 7 of estrus cycle (D7, starting day of the SOV protocol) and at the designated day of embryo recovery (DER). Harvested embryos were evaluated according to IETS’s criteria. Superovulated cows produced an average of 7.39 ± 6.22 ova/embryos of which 3.32 ± 4.81 were TE. There were no significant variations of uterine bacteriology and cytology between D7 and DER within the two groups. Serum urea (P=0.0001), E2 (P=0.006); uterine Glu (P=0.002), Ck (P=0.0007), LDH (P<0.0001), TP (P=0.004), P4 (P=0.008), PGFM (P<0.0001) in group I and serum P4 (P<0.0001), PGFM (P<0.0001); uterine LDH (P=0.002), PGFM (P<0.0001) in group II were significantly higher at DER than at D7. At DER, group I was different to group II’ uterine and serum urea (P<0.0001 and P<0.0001), LDH (P<0.0001 and P=0.008), PGFM (P=0.002 and P=0.009), serum P4 (P=0.0002) and uterine TP (P=0.0003). There was no association between uterine bacteriology and cytology and the number of TE. However, TE was positively correlated with serum IGF-1 at D7 (r=0.45; P=0.001) and P4 at DER (r=0.43; P<0.05) and negatively correlated with both serum and uterine PGFM respectively at D7 (r=-0.54; P<0.005 and r=-0.67; P<0.001) and DER (r=-0.48; P<0.01 and r=-0.57; P<0.002). The present results infer that changes following SOV in both serum and uterine secretion may affect the number of TE.
Jamali, Hossein. "Récurrence de mammite clinique chez la vache laitière : incidence, facteurs de risque et impacts." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19165.
Full textClinical mastitis (CM) is one of the most common and most costly diseases of dairy cows in dairy herds. A frustrating aspect of CM is its recurrent nature. Currently, no study has reported in an exhaustive and comprehensive manner information about risk of recurrent CM, risk factors for CM recurrence and its impacts. However, the information about CM recurrence in dairy cows were investigated in many, but disconnected studies. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted to synthesize knowledge on risk of recurrent CM, its risk factors, and negative impacts. Two databases (PubMed and CAB Abstracts), and one search platform (Web of Science) were searched to identify relevant English or French scientific literature published after 1989. Fifty-seven articles were selected for qualitative synthesis. Description of recurrent CM, its negative impacts, and risk factors were reported in 33, 19, and 37 selected studies, respectively. Then, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis were applied to compute risk ratio (RR) comparing risk of CM in cows that experienced one CM case in the current lactation to risk of CM of healthy cows. The total number of lactations followed and the number of lactations with ≤ 1 and ≤ 2 CM cases were reported in nine studies and the information was used in meta-analysis. These nine studies were then separated into two groups based on recurrent CM definition; those requiring only 24 h and those requiring ≥ 5 d between two CM cases to consider a CM case as a new CM event. For studies requiring only 24 h, cows that already had one CM case in the current lactation had a 1.5 times higher RR for recurrent CM than healthy cows. However, for studies using ≥ 5 d between two CM cases, risk of repeated cases of CM was not different in cows that suffered one CM case in a given lactation as compared with healthy cows (RR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.1). In this study, milk yield reduction and increased risk of mortality and culling were identified as important negative impacts of recurrent CM. Moreover, the most important CM recurrence risk factors were older dairy cow, high-producing dairy cow, and not having cure of treatment following initial CM case. A better understanding of the cow’s, pathogens’ and herd’s characteristics associated with recurrent CM events may possibly help controlling these recurrent events, decrease the associated costs as well as reduce amounts of antibiotics used on dairy farms. Moreover, these knowledges may be also useful in predicting the probability of a repeated CM event and could, therefore, be used to develop tools to inform dairy producer’s CM-related management decisions.
Bazzazan, Ali. "Levels of immunoglobulin G, white blood cells and fibrinogen in dairy cows with and without endometritis during the transitional period." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21071.
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