Academic literature on the topic 'Vaccins ADN'
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Journal articles on the topic "Vaccins ADN"
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Ladenheim, Ruth. "Les vaccins à ADN nu." Biofutur 1995, no. 145 (May 1995): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0294-3506(95)80125-1.
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Pitard, Bruno. "Nanotaxi® pour les vaccins ARN et ADN." médecine/sciences 35, no. 10 (October 2019): 749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2019143.
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QUENTEL, C., M. BREMONT, and H. POULIQUEN. "La vaccination chez les poissons d’élevage." INRAE Productions Animales 20, no. 3 (September 7, 2007): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2007.20.3.3463.
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Les poissons, tout au moins les téléostéens, sont dotés d’un système immunitaire proche de celui des vertébrés supérieurs. Il est composé de deux systèmes majeurs, le système inné ou non spécifique et le système acquis, spécifique du pathogène. Les poissons sont capables de reconnaître un antigène et de développer une réponse immunitaire spécifique. Il est donc possible de les vacciner. Les poissons peuvent être immunisés selon plusieurs voies, l’injection, la balnéation et l’administration orale. Différents types de vaccins existent : des vaccins inactivés, qui sont pour l’essentiel des vaccins anti-bactériens produits par fermentation des bactéries suivie d’une inactivation au formol, des vaccins vivants atténués qui, dans un premier temps, ont été surtout étudiés vis-à-vis des maladies virales afin d’essayer de pallier la déficience des vaccins tués. Bien qu’efficaces par balnéation, ils ne sont pas commercialisés car incompatibles avec les stratégies de contrôle à la fois vétérinaire et environnemental. Enfin, avec le développement de la biologie moléculaire de nouveaux types de vaccins sont en cours d’élaboration chez les poissons comme les vaccins recombinants sub-unitaires dont l’efficacité n’a cependant pas été démontrée. Par contre, les résultats avec les vaccins à ADN sont très prometteurs et ces derniers devraient dans un avenir proche permettre d’optimiser la vaccination chez les poissons.
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Paris, Robert, Robert A. Kuschner, Leonard Binn, Stephen J. Thomas, Stefano Colloca, Alfredo Nicosia, Riccardo Cortese, Robert T. Bailer, Nancy Sullivan, and Richard A. Koup. "Adenovirus Type 4 and 7 Vaccination or Adenovirus Type 4 Respiratory Infection Elicits Minimal Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses to Nonhuman Adenovirus Vaccine Vectors." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 21, no. 5 (March 12, 2014): 783–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00011-14.
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ABSTRACTAntivector immunity may limit the immunogenicity of adenovirus vector vaccines. We tested sera from individuals immunized with adenovirus type 4 and 7 (Ad4 and Ad7, respectively) vaccine or naturally infected with Ad4 for their ability to neutralize a panel of E1-deleted human and chimpanzee adenoviruses (ChAd). Small statistically significant increases in titers to ChAd63, ChAd3, human Ad35, and human Ad5 were observed. Neutralizing antibodies elicited by Ad4 infection or immunization results in a small amount of adenovirus cross-reactivity.
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Harro, Clayton, Xiao Sun, Jon E. Stek, Randi Y. Leavitt, Devan V. Mehrotra, Fubao Wang, Andrew J. Bett, et al. "Safety and Immunogenicity of the Merck Adenovirus Serotype 5 (MRKAd5) and MRKAd6 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Trigene Vaccines Alone and in Combination in Healthy Adults." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 16, no. 9 (July 15, 2009): 1285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00144-09.
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ABSTRACT Preexisting immunity to adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) diminishes immune responses to vaccines using Ad5 as a vector. Alternate Ad serotypes as vaccine vectors might overcome Ad5-specific neutralizing antibodies and enhance immune responses in populations with a high prevalence of Ad5 immunity. To test this hypothesis, healthy human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative adults were enrolled in a blinded, randomized, dose-escalating, placebo-controlled study. In part A, subjects with baseline Ad6 titers of ≤18 received the Merck Ad6 (MRKAd6) HIV type 1 (HIV-1) trigene vaccine at weeks 0, 4, and 26. In part B, subjects stratified by Ad5 titers (≤200 or >200) and Ad6 titers (≤18 or >18) received the MRKAd5-plus-MRKAd6 (MRKAd5+6) HIV-1 trigene vaccine at weeks 0, 4, and 26. Immunogenicity was assessed by an enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay at week 30. No serious adverse events occurred. MRKAd6 trigene vaccine recipients responded more often to Nef than to Gag or Pol. In part A, ELISPOT response rates to ≥2 vaccine antigens were 14%, 63%, and 71% at 109, 1010, and 1011 viral genomes (vg)/dose, respectively. All responders had positive Nef-specific ELISPOT results. In part B, Nef-ELISPOT response rates at 1010 vg/dose of the MRKAd5+6 trigene vaccine were 50% in the low-Ad5/low-Ad6 stratum (n = 8), 78% in the low-Ad5/high-Ad6 stratum (n = 9), 75% in the high-Ad5/low-Ad6 stratum (n = 8), and 44% in the high-Ad5/high-Ad6 stratum (n = 9). The MRKAd6 and MRKAd5+6 trigene vaccines elicited dose-dependent responses predominantly to Nef and were generally well tolerated, indicating that Ad6 should be considered a candidate vector for future vaccines. Although small sample sizes limit the conclusions that can be drawn from this exploratory study, combining two Ad vectors may be a useful vaccine strategy for circumventing isolated immunity to a single Ad serotype.
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Beaty, Shannon, Natalie Collins, Nicos Karasavvas, Robert Kuschner, Jun Hang, Anima Adhikari, Irina Maljkovic Berry, et al. "A Phase 1 Two-Arm, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled Study of Live, Oral Plasmid-Derived Adenovirus Type 4 and Type 7 Vaccines in Seronegative Adults." Vaccines 11, no. 6 (June 12, 2023): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11061091.
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PXVX0047 is an investigational vaccine developed for active immunization to prevent febrile acute respiratory disease (ARD) caused by adenovirus serotypes 4 (Ad4) and 7 (Ad7). PXVX0047 consists of a modernized, plasmid-derived vaccine that was generated using a virus isolated from Wyeth Ad4 and Ad7 vaccine tablets. A phase 1 two-arm, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the safety profile and immunogenicity of the investigational adenovirus vaccines. The two components of PXVX0047 were administered orally together in a single dose to 11 subjects. For comparison, three additional subjects received the Ad4/Ad7 vaccine that is currently in use by the US military. The results of this study show that the tolerability and immunogenicity of the PXVX0047 Ad7 component are comparable with that of the control Ad4/Ad7 vaccine; however, the immunogenicity of the PXVX0047 Ad4 component was lower than expected. Clinical trial number NCT03160339.
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邱南昌, 邱南昌, and 張濱璿 Nan-Chang Chiu. "臺灣預防接種受害救濟制度與COVID-19疫苗." 月旦醫事法報告 67, no. 67 (May 2022): 050–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/241553062022050067004.
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Halstead, Scott B., and Leah Katzelnick. "COVID-19 Vaccines: Should We Fear ADE?" Journal of Infectious Diseases 222, no. 12 (August 12, 2020): 1946–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa518.
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Abstract Might COVID-19 vaccines sensitize humans to antibody-dependent enhanced (ADE) breakthrough infections? This is unlikely because coronavirus diseases in humans lack the clinical, epidemiological, biological, or pathological attributes of ADE disease exemplified by dengue viruses (DENV). In contrast to DENV, SARS and MERS CoVs predominantly infect respiratory epithelium, not macrophages. Severe disease centers on older persons with preexisting conditions and not infants or individuals with previous coronavirus infections. Live virus challenge of animals given SARS or MERS vaccines resulted in vaccine hypersensitivity reactions (VAH), similar to those in humans given inactivated measles or respiratory syncytial virus vaccines. Safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines must avoid VAH.
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Yılmaz, Engin. "Aşı Teknolojisinde Yeni Umutlar: mRNA Aşıları." Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni 55, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 265–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/mb.20219912.
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Appledorn, Daniel M., Yasser A. Aldhamen, Sarah Godbehere, Sergey S. Seregin, and Andrea Amalfitano. "Sublingual Administration of an Adenovirus Serotype 5 (Ad5)-Based Vaccine Confirms Toll-Like Receptor Agonist Activity in the Oral Cavity and Elicits Improved Mucosal and Systemic Cell-Mediated Responses against HIV Antigens despite Preexisting Ad5 Immunity." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 1 (November 17, 2010): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00341-10.
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ABSTRACTHIV/AIDS continue to devastate populations worldwide. Recent studies suggest that vaccines that induce beneficial immune responses in the mucosal compartment may improve the efficacy of HIV vaccines. Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5)-based vectors remain a promising platform for the development of effective vaccines. In an effort to improve the efficacy of Ad5-based vaccines, even in the presence of preexisting Ad5 immunity, we evaluated the potential for an Ad5-based HIV vaccine to induce antigen-specific immune responses following sublingual (s.l.) administration, a route not previously tested in regard to Ad-based vaccines. s.l. vaccination with an Ad5-based HIV-Gag vaccine resulted in a significant induction of Gag-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in both the systemic and the mucosal compartment. We also show that s.l. immunization not only avoided preexisting Ad5 immunity but also elicited a broad repertoire of antigen-specific CTL clones. Additionally, we confirm for the first time that oral delivery of a vaccine expressing a potent Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist can stimulate innate immune responses through induction of cytokines and chemokines and activation of NK cells, NKT cells, and macrophagesin vivo. These results positively correlated with improved antigen-specific CTL responses. These results could be achieved both in Ad5-naïve mice and in mice with preexisting immunity to Ad5. The simplicity of the s.l. vaccination regimen coupled with augmentation of TLR-dependent pathways active in the oral cavity makes s.l. delivery a promising method for HIV vaccine development specifically, as well as for many other vaccine applications in general.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vaccins ADN"
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Marsac, Delphine. "Utilisation de vaccins ADN codant pour des pseudoparticules virales comme outils de présentation d'antigènes du VIH-1 et du VIS pour l'induction d'une réponse immunitaire T in vivo." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05N03S.
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La présentation exogène de particules VIH-1, restreinte par les molécules de classe 1 du CMH active des CTL spécifiques. Nous avons étudié l'immunogénicité de particules Gag du VIH-1 pseudotypées par la protéine G d'enveloppe du virus de la stomatite vésiculeuse produite par vaccination génétique chez la souris. L'enveloppe VSV-G en facilitant l'entrée des particules virales dans la cellule, augmente l'efficacité d'induction de CTL anti-Gag en favorisant la présentation d'épitopes Gag par les molécules du CMH de classe I et II. L'étude de l'immunogénicité de vecteurs ADN codant pour des pseudoparticules formées par les protéines d'enveloppe du virus de l'hépatite B présentant des domaines antigéniques du VIH-1 et du virus de l'immunodéficience simienne a montré l'induction de réponses T spécifiques in vivo. Après rappel par un virusMajor histocompatibility complex class I exogenous presentation of HIV-1 particules activates specific CTL responses. We used DNA-based immunization with plasmids codingfor HIV-1 Gag particles pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein. The presence of the VSV-G enveloppe increased the efficiency of the specific anti-Gag lysis due to a better presentation of the Gag epitopes by MHC class I and II processing pathway. We also improved the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines encoding hepatitis B surface antigen fused to antigenic domains of simian/human immunodeficiency viruses in mice and macaques rhesus. Immunization with hybrid DNA induced effector and long-lasting precursors T, cells, efficiently
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Hechard, Céline. "Vaccination ADN contre la chlamydiose abortive ovine : évaluation de la protection des vaccins ADN MOMP, DnaK et GroEL dans un modèle murin d'infection." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR4002.
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Chlamydophila abortus est une bactérie intracellulaire obligatoire qui infecte principalement les brebis mais peut-être également transmise à l'homme. Elle est responsable d'avortements tardifs sans signe avant-coureur ou de la mise bas de petits chétifs, difficiles à élever. Les avortements ovins occasionnent des pertes économiques importantes dans les élevages. Dans une stratégie de vaccination ADN, les séquences codant pour des protéines immunogènes de C. Abortus ont été clonées dans le vecteur d'expression eucaryote pcDNA3. 1. L'effet protecteur des vaccins ADN contenant les séquences codant pour la protéine majeure de la membrane externe (MOMP) et les protéines de choc thermique, DnaK et GroEL ont été évalués dans un modèle murin de gestation. Les injections intramusculaires des ADN vaccinaux ont protégé partiellement les souris des avortements induits par l'infection. La charge bactérienne des rates des souris gestantes ou non, et des placentas n'a pas été réduite par la vaccination ADN. Toutefois, nous avons observé une protection fœtale probablement due à l'effet barrière du placenta. La réponse humorale générée par la vaccination ADN s'est avérée spécifique mais faible. Elle implique des anticorps, d'isotype majoritaire IgG2a, mais qui n'ont pas de pouvoir neutralisant in vitro sur l'infectivité de C. Abortus. Afin d'optimiser la réponse immunitaire induite par la vaccination ADN avec le gène codant pour la protéine DnaK, un rappel protéique a été réalisé avec la protéine DnaK exprimée chez E. Coli. Bien que cette stratégie ait considérablement augmentée la réponse humorale, aucune modification de la protection induite par le vaccin ADN seul n'a été obtenue. Il semblerait donc que, dans ce cas, l'antigène ait un faible pouvoir protecteur. Compte tenu que les antigènes immunogènes connus pour être protecteurs dans d'autres modèles n'ont donné que des résultats modérés en vaccination ADN contre C. Abortus, nos prochains travaux consisteraient à identifier de nouveaux antigènes protecteurs en vaccination ADN. Dans ce but, nous pourrions utiliser une nouvelle stratégie prometteuse, consistant au criblage d'une banque génomique d'ADN bactérien, en fonction de son pouvoir protecteur in vivo, après immunisation génique.
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Robin, Marie. "Vaccination ADN dans la leucémie aiguë promyélocytaire et étude de la réponse immune." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077073.
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La leucémie aiguë promylocytaire (LAP) représente 10% de l'ensemble des leucémies aiguës promyélocytaires et se caractérise par la translocation chromosomique (15 ; 17), à l'origine d'un transcrit de fusion associant PML et le récepteur alpha à l'acide rétinoïque (RARalpha). Le traitement par l'acide tout trans-rétinoïque (ATRA) et la chimiothérapie permet d'obtenir une rémission chez plus de 90% des patients par une différentiation des cellules leucémiques induite par l'ATRA. Malheureusement, 10 à 30% des patients rechutent. Le but de notre travail est de tester un vaccin anti-leucémique et d'étudier l'immunogénicité spécifique dans cette maladie. Dans un modèle murin de LAP, nous avons mis en place un protocole de vaccination anti-leucémique par un plasmide composé d'un promoteur, d'un adjuvant (fragment Fc de la toxine tétanique) et d'un gène codant pour la fusion protéique PML-RAR. Dans ce modèle, les souris vaccinées avaient un avantage de survie, en particulier lorsque le traitement associait vaccin et ATRA. Les mécanismes d'action de cette immunothérapie allient réponse cellulaire et humorale comme montré par l'augmentation de sécrétion de l'interféron, la lyse cellulaire spécifique des cibles LAP et l'apparition d'anticorps spécifiques contre RARalpha. Dans cette première étude, nous avons constaté que la production d'anticorps augmentait au cours du temps et que la présence d'anticorps à J18 était corrélée à la survie. Chez l'homme traité selon les protocoles usuels, nous avons également observé une sécrétion d'anticorps, qui dans la moitié des cas, étaient déja�� présents au diagnostic à un faible taux. Sur 9 patients testés, les taux d'anticorps, comme dans le modèle murin, étaient croissants au cours du temps, suggérant que le traitement s'accompagne d'un accroissement du taux d'anticorps. Par ailleurs, les patients avaient également dans plus de 50% des cas soit des anticorps anti-nucléaires, soit des anticorps anti-cytoplasme de neutrophiles. En conclusion, le vaccin ADN PML RAR est une immunothérapie encourageante, notamment chez les patients à haut risque de rechute, au moment où la charge leucémique faible. La présence d'anticorps anti-RARalpha doit continuer d'être évaluée dans les essais prospectifs en cours afin d'établir s'il existe une corrélation entre le taux d'anticorps et les paramètres cliniques et biologiques du maladeAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) represents 10% of all acute myeloblastic leukaemia and is characterized by a reciprocal chromosomal translocation between 15 and 17 fusing PML and the retinoid acid receptor alpha (RARalpha). Treatment with all trans-retinoid acid (ATRA) and chemotherapy induce complete remission in more than 90% of patients with APL through ATRA-induced differentiation of the leukemic cells. Unfortunately, 10 to 30% of patients relapse. The aim of our work was to test a DNA antileukemic vaccine coding for the PML-RARalpha jonction and study the specific immunogenecity in this disease. In an APL transplantable mice model, we set up a vaccine protocol using a plasmid coding for a promoter, an adjuvant (Fc fragment from tetanie toxin) and fusion protein PML-RAR. In this model, vaccinated mice had a better survival, in particular when they received vaccine and ATRA. Mechanism of for this immune response was cellular and humoral response as demonstrated by increased interferon secretion, specific APL target lysis and specific antibodies against RARalpha. In this first study, we observed that antibody production increased with time and that antibody production on day 18 was predictive for a better survival. In humans treated according to usual protocols, we also observed an antibody secretions which in half of patients, were already present at low level at diagnosis. In 9 tested patients, antibody production was increasing with time as in mice, suggesting maintenance treatment is associated with an increased production of antibody. Furthermore, 50% of patients had also anti-nuclear and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. We conclude that DNA vaccine is an encouraging targeted immunotherapy, in particular in patients at high risk of relapse, when patients had low leukemic burden. Antibody production should continue to be evaluated through ongoing prospective immunomonitoring of patients with APL from diagnosis throughout treatment to establish whether there is a correlation between anti-RARalpha and clinical or other biological parameter
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Rolland-Turner, Magali. "Développement d'un vaccin immunocontraceptif : mise au point de tests immunologiques dans le modèle vulpin et développement de vaccins ADN avec les antigènes spermatiques fSP13 et fSP8." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN11303.
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Le but de ce travail était tout d'abord, la mise au point d'outils immunologiques permettant l'analyse de la réponse immune humorale et cellulaire chez le renard (Vulpes vulpes). Après avoir sélectionné des anticorps reconnaissant les différentes classes d'immunoglobuline de renard, le modèle antigénique ovalbumine et choléra toxine B a été utilisé pour mettre au point les techniques ELISA et ELISPOT. Quatre cytokines vulpines Il2, Il6, Il10 et INFy ont été clonées et séquencées, et une technique d'analyse de leur expression par RT-PCR quantitative, après re-stimulation antigénique in vitro de PBMCs vulpins a été mise au point. Par la suite, différents vaccins ADN utilisant le vecteur vaccinaI commercial pVAX1 et les antigènes spermatiques spécifiques du testicule fSP13 et fSP8 identifiés au laboratoire ont été construits. La fonctionnalité de celles-ci à tout d'abord été testée in vitro pour l'expression de fSP 13 et fSP8 après transfection de cellules MDCK.
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Faurez, Florence. "Plasmide vaccinal réplicatif chez le porc : biosécurité." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S023.
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Plusieurs stratégies d’amélioration du vaccin ADN ont été étudiées cependant peu d’études sur la biosécurité des ces nouvelles stratégies ont été réalisées. Ce projet de thèse apporte des réponses sur l’étude de biosécurité sur un plasmide vaccinal rendu réplicatif à partir d’éléments viraux du Circovirus porcin de type 2 (PCV2). L’évaluation de la biosécurité d’un plasmide réplicatif dérivé d’éléments viraux comprend différents paramètres tels que sa caractérisation in vitro, l’évaluation de son efficacité au niveau vaccinal, sa distribution dans l’organisme, la caractérisation de la réplication de l’ADN, sa cinétique d’élimination et son nombre d’évènements d’intégration dans le génome de l’organisme. Afin de contribuer à l’évaluation de la biosécurité d’un plasmide réplicatif, utilisé en tant que plasmide vaccinal, nous avons apporté un panel de plasmides réplicatifs dérivés de PCV2, une méthode de détermination du taux de réplication de plasmides réplicatifs et la validation du protocole utilisé dans l’étude de distribution des plasmides chez le porcSeveral strategies to improve DNA vaccine have been studied but few studies on the biosafety of these new strategies were carried out. This thesis provides some answers on biosafety of a replicative plasmid derived from replicative elements of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). The biosafety assessment of a replicative plasmid derived from viral elements include parameters such as its characterization in vitro, assessment of its effectiveness in a vaccine, its distribution in the body, the characterization of the replication of DNA, its kinetics of elimination and number of events integrated into the genome of the organism. To contribute in part to assess the biosafety of replicative plasmid, used as a plasmid vaccine, we made a panel of replicative plasmids derived from PCV2, a method determining the rate of replication of replicative plasmids and the validation protocol used in the study of distribution of plasmids in pigs
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Desolme, Benoît. "Vaccination par ADN contre la toxoplasmose : application au modèle murin avec les gènes GRA4 et SAG1 de Toxoplasma gondii : stratégies d'optimisation de la protection." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR3804.
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Innocentin, Silvia. "Utilisation de bactéries lactiques recombinantes invasives comme outil novateur pour la vaccination ADN par voie muqueuse." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS0012.
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Nous avons étudié la possibilité d’utiliser les Bactéries Lactiques (BL) pour vectoriser des vaccins ADN par voie muqueuse. Des BL alimentaires avaient déjà été utilisées pour délivrer des protéines par cette voie. Nous avons montré que la BL modèle Lactococcus lactis peut délivrer un vecteur plasmidique d’expression eucaryote codant pour un allergène majeur du lait de vache, la beta-lactoglobuline (BLG) dans la lignée Caco-2 et permettre l’expression de la protéine BLG par les cellules. Pour améliorer l’efficacité du transfert d’ADN, nous avons utilisé des souches de L. Lactis rendues invasives par expression des gènes InlA de Listeria monocytogenes et FnBPA de Staphylococcus aureus. Ces deux types de souches présentent des taux d’internalisation similaires et la même capacité à vectoriser un plasmide d’expression de la GFP (1% des cellules Caco-2 exprimant la GFP). Nous avons ensuite testé les lactocoques invasifs comme vecteurs d’ADN vaccinant dans deux modèles pathologiques chez la souris : l’allergie à la BLG et l’infection par le virus de la grippe. In vitro, les cellules Caco-2 exprimaient 30 fois plus de BLG après co-incubation avec les souches invasives comparées aux souches non-invasives. In vivo, l’administration intranasale de souches invasives FnBPA+ et de souches non-invasives induit respectivement une réponse immunitaire Th2 et Th1 contre la BLG. L’administration intranasale de souches invasives FnBPA+ conçues pour permettre l’expression de l’hémagglutinine et de la nucléoprotéine du virus de la grippe se sont révélées moins efficaces que la vaccination génétique classique (ADN nu par voie intradermique) pour protéger les souris contre une épreuveIn this study, we evaluate the potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) as mucosal DNA vaccine delivery vectors. LAB are food-grade bacteria already used to deliver proteins at the mucosal level. We showed that Lactococcus lactis, a model LAB, can deliver a eukaryotic expression plasmid coding for a major cow’s milk allergen, beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene in Caco-2 cell line with subsequent expression of BLG protein by the cells. To improve DNA delivery, we used L. Lactis strains rendered invasive by expressing Listeria monocytogenes InlA or Staphylococcus aureus FnBPA genes. Both showed comparable internalization rates and ability to deliver a GFP expression plasmid: 1% of Caco-2 cells expressed GFP while no GFP was detected with non invasive strains. We then tested invasive L. Lactis as DNA vaccine carrier in two disease models of mouse: allergic response to BLG and influenza virus infection. In vitro, Caco-2 cells expressed 30-fold more BLG when co-incubated with invasive strains compared to non invasive. In vivo, intranasal administration of invasive FnBPA+ strain and non invasive strains induced a Th2 and Th1 immune responses against BLG, respectively. Intranasal administration of invasive FnBPA+ strains designed to express hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein of influenza virus was less efficient than intradermal naked DNA immunization to protect mice from viral challenge
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Moussa, Maha. "Immunité et protection induites par un lentivecteur ADN innovant chez les modèles animaux de vaccination VIH-1." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV029/document.
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Nous avons récemment développé un prototype lentivecteur ADN non intégratif vaccinal contre VIH-1/SIDA que nous avons testé chez des modèles animaux. L'immunisation avec une dose unique de ce vaccin (CAL-SHIV-IN-) a permis la mise en place rapide de réponses immunes spécifiques contre tous les antigènes exprimés par le vaccin chez tous les animaux vaccinés. Les analyses longitudinales ont démontré la mise en place de réponses cellulaires et humorales spécifiques et persistantes sur une durée de plus de 74 semaines en absence de réintroduction d'antigènes chez tous les macaques vaccinés. La caractérisation de ces réponses a révélé la présence de cellules T CD4+ et CD8+ polyfonctionnelles composées de fractions de cellules effectrices mémoires à fonction immédiate (EM), de cellules centrales mémoires (CM) et de cellules précurseurs mémoires ayant une haute capacité de prolifération (PHPC). Ces réponses corrèlent, chez tous les macaques vaccinés (6/6), avec un contrôle du virus d'épreuve hautement hétérologue et pathogénique (SIVmac251) inoculé à petites doses répétées par la voie mucosale rectale. Cette protection est maintenue durant toute la période d'un an de suivi après l'infection avec une différence statistiquement significative de la charge virale plasmatique des groupes contrôles et vaccinés au moins jusqu'à 18 semaines post-infection. Par ailleurs, le contrôle du virus d'épreuve est maintenu plus de 10 mois (correspondant au temps d'arrêt de l'étude) après l'infection. Parmi les corrélats immunologiques de protection nous avons identifié la présence de cellules de type PHPC spécifiques des antigènes du vaccin et qui sont dotées d'une capacité importante de prolifération ex vivo en présence des signaux antigéniques et homéostatiques. Nous avons démontré que ces PHPC contiennent une fraction de cellules T souches mémoires « TSCM » spécifiques du vaccin. Ces TSCM récemment identifiées constitueraient un atout majeur en faveur de notre vecteur et notre stratégie vaccinale du fait de leur haute capacité d'auto-régénération/maintien en absence d'antigène et leur capacité à se différencier en d'autres cellules mémoires TCM et TEMWe recently developed an innovative prototype non-integrative lentivector DNA vaccine against HIV-1 /AIDS that we tested in pilot studies using animal models of HIV vaccine. We found that a single immunization with our prototype vaccine (CAL-SHIV-IN-) allowed the implementation of potent humoral and cellular responses in all immunized macaques. In addition, both types of responses persisted over a period of 74 weeks post-immunization in absence of antigenic boost. The characterization of the above revealed that vaccine specific T cell responses included polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells against all antigens expressed by the vaccine. Detailed phenotypic and functional examinations of these cells showed that they were composed of effector (EM) and central memory (CM) T cells. More importantly they also contained a fraction of precursor memory T cells with high proliferative capacity (PHPC). Immune responses primed by our vaccine regiment correlated with protection in all vaccinated macaques (6/6). As expected our vaccine-induced immune responses did not prevent from infection acquisition but controlled the replication of the highly pathogenic and heterologous SIVmac251 challenge given as repeated low dose by the intrarectal mucosal route. All vaccinated animals (6/6) controlled their viremia to undetectable level using conventional PCR during at least 10 months post infection (end of the experiment). We further focused on PHPC responses associated with viral control and found that these cells vigorously proliferate upon ex vivo stimulation with specific antigens in presence of the homeostatic IL-7 and IL-15 cytokines. Proliferating antigen specific cells contained a type of stem cell-like memory T cells (TSCM). These latter (TSCM) might be a major asset in favor of our lentivector and vaccination strategy due to their high capacity for self-regeneration/maintenance in absence of antigen source
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Szelechowski, Marion. "Vers une réplication controlée des vecteurs dérivés de l'adénovirus canin de type 2." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077186.
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Parmi les vecteurs viraux développés pour la vaccination, les vecteurs dérivés des adénovirus se sont avéré prometteurs. Des vecteurs réplicatifs et défectifs d'un sérotype canin d'adénovirus, Cav2, ont été dérivés et nous avons pu démontrer leur efficacité à mettre en place une immunité protectrice contre le produit du transgène chez la souris puis chez le mouton. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est de proposer une alternative à l'utilisation de ces deux types courants de vecteurs en vaccination, avec le développement de vecteurs semi-réplicatifs dérivés de Cav2. Ces vecteurs doivent permettre la réplication du génome viral sans production de nouvelles particules infectieuses, et posséder ainsi à la fois les caractéristiques d'efficacité des vecteurs réplicatifs et de sécurité des vecteurs défectifs. Ces propriétés peuvent être obtenues par la délétion sur le génome viral de séquences codant des protéines tardives de Cav2 indispensables à la formation de particules infectieuses mais non nécessaires à la réplication du génome viral. Afin d'être en mesure de manipuler précisément le génome viral, nous avons réalisé une cartographie complète de l'unité de transcription tardive de Cav2. Nous avons ensuite réalisé des délétions totales ou partielles des cadres de lecture correspondant à nos cibles, ou inséré des mutations non-sens, par recombinaison homologue sur le génome sauvage. Pour la production des vecteurs, nous avons dû construire des lignées cellulaires de complémentation, apportant en trans les protéines cibles respectives. Enfin, nous avons pu vérifier in vitro les caractéristiques semi-réplicatives de vecteurs Cav2 délétés de la fonction protéaseAmong the vectors derived for vaccination purpose, those derived from adenoviruses revealed particularly hopeful results. Replicative and defective vectors have been developed from Cav2, and we were able to demonstrate their to settle a protective immune response against the transgene product both in mice and sheep. This work aims to propose an alternative vector for vaccination derived from Cav2 and characterized by an abortive or semi-replicative behavior in the transduced cells. This vector should enable the genomic replication without production of new infectious particles. It should therefore possess both replicative vectors efficacy and defective vectors security. This can be achieved by the deletion of defined viral genomic regions, in particular within the late expression region which is dispensable for the first stages of the replication cycle. To manipulate accurately the viral genome, we elaborated a transcriptional map of the late transcriptional unit of Cav2 génome. Deletion of ail or part of the targeted open reading frames were then realized, or nor sens mutation were introduced within them, by homologuous recombinaison on the wild type Cav2 genome. Then we constructed complementing cell lines expressing the viral deleted proteins, in order to produce the recombinant viral particles. Finally, the semi-replicative properties of protease deleted Cav2 were confirmed by in vitro analysis
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Bernelin-Cottet, Cindy. "Développement d'un vaccin à ADN contre le virus du Syndrome Dysgénésique et Respiratoire Porcin (PRRSV)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA004/document.
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Le Syndrome Dysgénésique et Respiratoire Porcin (PRRS) est la maladie infectieuse endémique la plus couteuse en élevage porcin dont l'agent responsable est un Arterivirus, le PRRSV, qui présente une grande diversité génétique. L'infection par le PRRSV est fréquemment associée à l'infection par les virus influenza. La vaccination est une méthode de lutte adaptée contre ces virus. Dans le cas du PRRSV, les vaccins les plus utilisés sont des virus vivants modifiés (MLV) qui induisent une immunité protectrice peu efficace contre les variants viraux. Dans le cas du virus influenza, les vaccins inactivés utilisés présentent la même insuffisance.Dans ce travail de thèse, j'ai évalué des stratégies vaccinales visant à induire une immunité efficace contre des variants viraux, en utilisant des antigènes conservés entre souches, adressés aux cellules présentatrices d'antigènes (APC), et j'ai analysé l'effet de différentes voies et modes d'administration.Dans le cas du virus grippal, le ciblage d'antigènes conservés (HA2, M2e, NP) au CD11c a permis d'augmenter la réponse T uniquement lors d'administration par voie intramusculaire (IM) et fut sans effet sur la réponse anticorps. La vaccination par voie intradermique s'est traduit par une exacerbation de la pathologie lors d'une épreuve virale, alors que la vaccination par voie IM a réduit les symptômes, la durée d'excrétion virale en corrélation avec une meilleure réponse anticorps anti-HA2 et M2e.Dans le cas du virus PRRSV qui fut mon sujet principal d'étude, j'ai cherché à optimiser des réponses lymphocytaires T IFNγ en employant une stratégie vaccinale ADN codant des antigènes contenant des épitopes T conservés entre souches, ciblés aux APC. En effet, alors que les mutations virales conduisent à un échappement aux anticorps neutralisants, la réponse lymphocytaire T IFNγ a été proposée impliquée dans la protection croisée. J'ai montré que l'immunogénicité optimale de vaccins ADN PRRSV, conduisant à la réponse T la plus large, est obtenue par l'administration intradermique associée aux nanoparticules de PLGA (NP), suivi d'une électroporation (EP), par rapport à EP seul ou délivrance intradermique ou transcutanée avec des patches à micro-aiguilles résorbables. Cette immunogénicité optimale est associée à une bonne transfection des cellules de la peau, à une accumulation de cellules inflammatoires, et à une mobilisation des cellules dendritiques. J'ai ensuite utilisé ce mode d'administration EP+NP pour immuniser des porcs avec des plasmides codant des antigènes conservés du PRRSV adressés ou non aux APC via CD11c ou XCR1. Les porcs ont été immunisés soit avec des injections répétées d'ADN seul soit en prime-boost ADN-MLV. Le régime ADN-MLV s'est montré supérieur pour l'induction de réponse B et T à celui de l'ADN ou du MLV seuls, et le ciblage aux APC a nettement augmenté la réponse anticorps mais pas la réponse T IFNγ. Dans une expérience suivante à visée d'application sur le terrain, j'ai utilisé le régime ADN-MLV (sans NP cette fois), délivré avec EP ou avec jet sous pression (PJ). Dans ces conditions, la primo-vaccination avec ADN n'a pas significativement augmenté la réponse T IFNγ induite par le MLV, mais elle a clairement augmenté la réponse anticorps avec un bénéfice du ciblage des APC. L'immuno-potentialisation induite par la primo-vaccination ADN n'a pas conduit à l'amélioration de la protection contre une épreuve avec un virus hétérologue et a montré que cette protection n'est au final pas corrélée avec la réponse lymphocytaire T IFNγ et opère en l'absence d'anticorps neutralisants détectables. Enfin, l'ensemble de ce travail montre que l'effet du ciblage des APC chez le porc est influencé par la voie d'administration et par le régime d'administration comme le prime-boost ADN-MLVThe Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is the most damaging infectious disease in pigs worldwide. The etiologic agent is an Arterivirus, the PRRSV, which presents a large genetic diversity. PRRSV infection is frequently associated with influenza virus co-infection. Vaccination is a highly suitable way to control these viruses. In the case of PRRSV, the most effective commercial vaccines are modified live vaccines (MLV) which induce only a partial protection against heterologous strains. In the case of the influenza virus, the available inactivated vaccines show the same weakness.With the goal to control emerging influenza and PRRSV variants, I evaluated vaccine strategies involving conserved viral antigens between strains which were targeted to antigen-presenting cells (APC) and delivered by different routes and methods.In the case of influenza virus, the targeting of conserved antigens (HA2, M2e and NP) to CD11c led to increased IFNγ T cell responses only when vaccines were delivered by the intramuscular (IM) route and had no effect on the humoral response. The intradermal route exacerbated disease following challenge whereas the IM route reduced the symptoms, the duration of viral excretion in correlation with higher anti-HA2 and anti-M2e antibody responses.In the case of PRRSV, which was my main subject, I sought to optimize the IFNγ T cell responses by using DNA vaccines encoding antigens with conserved T-epitopes between strains, and targeted to APC. Indeed, whereas viral mutants escape neutralizing antibodies, it has been proposed that the IFNγ T cell responses are instrumental for cross-protection. I showed that the broadest T cell responses were induced by DNA vaccines combined to nanoparticles PLGA (NP) injected by the intradermal route, followed by electroporation (EP) compared with EP-only, intradermal route-only or transcutaneous dissolvable microneedles. This optimal immunogenicity was associated with a high transfection level of skin cells, an accumulation of inflammatory cells, and dendritic cells mobilisation. Next I used the EP+NP method to immunize pigs with plasmids encoding conserved PRRSV antigens targeted or not to APC via CD11c or XCR1. Pigs were immunized either with repeated injections of DNA alone or with a prime-boost DNA-MLV. The DNA-MLV regimen induced improved humoral and IFNγ T cell responses compared to DNA alone or MLV alone and the APC-targeting significantly increased the humoral response but not the IFNγ T cell response. Finally, I evaluated the DNA-MLV regimen efficacy, with an applied perspective, using naked DNA without NP and delivered by EP or by a convenient needle free injection technology (PJ). In these conditions, the DNA prime did not significantly increase the IFNγ T cell response induced by the MLV, but clearly increased the humoral response with a benefit of the APC-targeting. However, the immune potentiation induced by the DNA prime did not lead to an improved protection following a heterologous challenge. The heterologous protection was not correlated to the measured humoral and IFNγ T cell responses, and neutralizing antibodies were undetectable. Thus cross-protective effectors have not been sufficiently activated by our DNA-MLV strategy and the immune correlates of protection against heterologous PRRSV are still to be identified to develop cross-protective vaccines. Finally, this work shows that the effect of APC-targeting in pigs is influenced by delivery routes and methods and by vaccine regimen such as the prime-boost DNA-MLV
Books on the topic "Vaccins ADN"
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1941-, Paterson Yvonne, ed. Intracellular bacterial vaccine vectors: Immunology, cell biology, and genetics. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1999.
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Kerns, Thomas A. Jenner on trial: An ethical examination of vaccine research in the age of smallpox and the age of AIDS. Lanham, Md: University Press of America, 1997.
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Vaccine nation: A thriller. Las Vegas, NV]: Thomas & Mercer, 2011.
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Vijayakṛ̥ṣṇāreḍḍi, El. Jananēta: Mudraṇamādhyaṃlō vaccina kathanāla saṅkalanaṃ. Haidarābād: Spiyarheḍ Kamyūnikēṣans, 2009.
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1965-, Vijayakr̥ṣṇāreḍḍi El, and Munisurēṣ Piḷle Ke E, eds. Jananēta: Mudraṇamādhyaṃlō vaccina kathanāla saṅkalanaṃ. Haidarābād: Spiyarheḍ Kamyūnikēṣans, 2009.
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1965-, Vijayakr̥ṣṇāreḍḍi El, and Munisurēṣ Piḷle Ke E, eds. Jananēta: Mudraṇamādhyaṃlō vaccina kathanāla saṅkalanaṃ. Haidarābād: Spiyarheḍ Kamyūnikēṣans, 2009.
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1965-, Vijayakr̥ṣṇāreḍḍi El, and Munisurēṣ Piḷle Ke E, eds. Jananēta: Mudraṇamādhyaṃlō vaccina kathanāla saṅkalanaṃ. Haidarābād: Spiyarheḍ Kamyūnikēṣans, 2009.
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1965-, Vijayakr̥ṣṇāreḍḍi El, and Munisurēṣ Piḷle Ke E, eds. Jananēta: Mudraṇamādhyaṃlō vaccina kathanāla saṅkalanaṃ. Haidarābād: Spiyarheḍ Kamyūnikēṣans, 2009.
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Commission, Manitoba Law Reform. Compensation of vaccine-damaged children. [Winnipeg]: Manitoba, Law Reform Commission, 2000.
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United States. Public Health Service. National Vaccine Program Office. and United States. Public Health Service., eds. Disease prevention through vaccine development and immunization: The U.S. National Vaccine Plan, 1994. [Rockville, Md.?]: Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Vaccine Program Office, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Vaccins ADN"
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Wu, Chung-Yi, and Chi-Huey Wong. "Vaccines Vaccine." In Glycoscience: Biology and Medicine, 1529–36. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54841-6_198.
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Pathak, Drishya, and A. Philo Magdalene. "COVID-19 Vaccine Development and Administration in India." In Health Dimensions of COVID-19 in India and Beyond, 129–54. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7385-6_7.
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AbstractThe authors examine, in great detail, issues related to vaccine development, production, and distribution in India. They discuss the problems related to logistics for reaching vaccines to India’s large population. The role of international organizations engaged in vaccine development, procurement, and distribution is discussed.The development of vaccines for COVID-19 within a ten-month period has been an extraordinary achievement given that in the past it has taken 10–15 years to develop a vaccine. Of the seventy vaccine candidates currently in the pipeline globally, four are available for use. Currently, five vaccine candidates are in different stages of development in India.India is acknowledged globally to have a robust capacity for developing vaccines. India has also had a long history in organizing and implementing immunization programs for pregnant women and children. However, organizing a national vaccination program for COVID-19 is challenging because of India’s large population and fragile health infrastructure.India rolled-out the COVID-19 vaccination program in January 2021. The state governments have developed plans for the storage and distribution of the vaccine and for the implementation of the vaccination program. Important elements within the program are communications and advocacy that aim to inform the people about the vaccine and its benefits and to encourage them to get vaccinated so that the problem of vaccine hesitancy, a major deterrent, can be prevented.India and the world are at a critical juncture in the history of the pandemic where the availability of the vaccine shows a glimmer of hope—a light at the end of a dark tunnel.
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de Carvalho Clímaco, Marianna, Lucas Kraemer, and Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara. "Vaccine Development for Human Leishmaniasis." In Vaccines for Neglected Pathogens: Strategies, Achievements and Challenges, 307–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24355-4_14.
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AbstractThe development of vaccines for human leishmaniasis is one of the most important approaches for effectively controlling and/or eradicating the several forms of the disease. Based on the knowledge obtained from the practice of leishmanization and its protective immune response, several strategies have been used to develop vaccines against Leishmania species, such as the use of whole killed and attenuated parasites, recombinant proteins, and DNA vaccines. An ideal vaccine should be safe, effective, and immunogenic. Although several candidates have achieved safety and some level of effectiveness, the current challenge in the development of prophylactic vaccines is to achieve long-lasting immune protection by generating a robust and irreversible Th1 adaptive immune response in the host, with rapid recruitment of memory and effectors T cells at key acute points of infection. However, despite all efforts over the years, due to the antigenic diversity of the parasite and the complexity of the host’s immune response, human vaccine trials have been disappointing in mediating long-term immunity against sandfly-delivered infection. Therefore, more investments in this field should be carried out to translate preclinical findings from mice to humans through effective vaccine development strategies.
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Joon, Shikha, Rajeev K. Singla, and Bairong Shen. "Vaccines and Immunoinformatics for Vaccine Design." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 95–110. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8969-7_5.
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Morrison, Hazel, and Helen McShane. "BCG: Past, Present and Future Direction." In Vaccines for Neglected Pathogens: Strategies, Achievements and Challenges, 171–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24355-4_8.
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AbstractBacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live-attenuated vaccine developed over 100 years ago and remains the only vaccine ever licensed in the fight against tuberculosis (TB). It is one of the most widely used vaccines in the world, having been administered to over four billion people, with another 100 million children vaccinated with BCG every year. Despite this, significant debate exists surrounding its efficacy against TB and its place in routine infant vaccination schedules. Severe side effects following BCG administration are rare but may be seen in those with immune system dysfunction. Safer vaccines for use in these individuals would be valuable.BCG has been shown in some studies to have beneficial effects on mortality and morbidity beyond that attributable to reduction in TB alone. Understanding the immunological mechanisms underpinning these non-specific effects is increasing and appears in part to be due to the induction of trained innate immunity. New vaccines developed against TB will either need to be given as a booster following initial BCG vaccination or be shown to be non-inferior with regard to these off-target effects.Despite its age, widespread usage, and intensive study, we are still learning how BCG exerts its effects and unpicking what these really are. Alternative routes of administration and recombinant forms of BCG offer promising strategies to further harness the potential of this intriguing vaccine.
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Wang, Hua. "Leprosy Vaccines: Developments for Prevention and Treatment." In Vaccines for Neglected Pathogens: Strategies, Achievements and Challenges, 47–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24355-4_4.
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AbstractOver 200,000 new leprosy cases are reported globally every year. A vaccine for leprosy can eliminate the debilitating, biblical, and stigmatised disease in the twenty-first century. Since the 1940s, many clinical studies have consistently shown that the BCG vaccine offers some level of protection but ranging between 18% and 90%. Throughout this time, different versions of BCG and new developments have resulted in new leprosy vaccine candidates and prevention strategies. Examples are the vaccine and drug combinatory therapy that has shown promise in decreasing transmission and the subunit vaccine candidate, LepVax, which has been shown to reduce bacterial count and delay nerve function impairment in animal models and safe in healthy adults in early studies. The WHO officially recommended the BCG vaccine as a leprosy vaccine in 2018, a century later after it was first used as a tuberculosis vaccine in 1921. However, a better leprosy vaccine and prevention strategy is still needed because we do not exactly know how Mycobacterium leprae spreads and causes neurological damage in leprosy patients. The history and latest developments in leprosy vaccines are explored in this chapter.
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Pathak, Drishya. "COVID-19 Vaccination: A Necessitated Drive Becoming an Unsolved Puzzle." In Global Perspectives of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health, Education, and Role of Media, 193–231. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1106-6_9.
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AbstractThe scientific community has achieved a remarkable feat by developing COVID-19 vaccines in a record duration of 12 months. The fastest vaccine developed and deployed previously was within a time-frame of four years, to prevent mumps in the 1960s. The speedy approach to prevent SARS-CoV-2 has changed the future of vaccine science with several vaccines showing excellent results in large trials. The COVID-19 vaccination strategy is of crucial importance for controlling the pandemic. As the vaccination mandate was faster than information dissemination, and even faster than the clinical trial results in some regions, numerous challenges emerged during the implementation of the vaccination strategy. The author discusses the objectives of the vaccination drive that include: reduction of overall COVID-19 severity and mortality; re-opening of society; disease elimination; reduction of pressure on the healthcare system; and equitable distribution of vaccines across all regions of the globe. While reflecting on these objectives, the author discusses the importance of transparency in vaccination surveillance data and the way forward.
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Misra, Pragya, and Shailza Singh. "Vaccine Design, Nanoparticle Vaccines and Biomaterial Applications." In Systems and Synthetic Immunology, 1–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3350-1_1.
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Smith, G. L. "Recombinant Vaccinia Viruses as Live Vaccines." In Haematology and Blood Transfusion / Hämatologie und Bluttransfusion, 362–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72624-8_76.
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Kaye, Paul M., Vivak Parkash, Alison M. Layton, and Charles J. N. Lacey. "The Utility of a Controlled Human Infection Model for Developing Leishmaniasis Vaccines." In Vaccines for Neglected Pathogens: Strategies, Achievements and Challenges, 263–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24355-4_12.
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AbstractControlled human infection models (CHIMs) are increasingly recognised as having an important role in the early development of vaccines for important human diseases, including those prevalent in low and middle-income countries. The leishmaniases are a group of clinically disparate parasitic diseases caused by multiple species of Leishmania. Widely heralded as potentially vaccine-preventable, progress in vaccine development for different forms of leishmaniasis has over past decades been slow, hampered by lack of funds, good experimental models and the challenges of progression through the normal clinical trial pathway. However, with a new generation of leishmaniasis vaccine candidates now progressing in clinical development, the value of a robust CHIM able to accelerate early-phase evaluation of new vaccine candidates has become increasingly apparent. Here, we briefly review the historic context of human infection studies in leishmaniasis and outline issues pertinent to the development of a new CHIM of sand fly-transmitted Leishmania major infection. Given the diversity and wide geographic distribution of the leishmaniases, we conclude with a discussion of future needs and challenges in the development of CHIMs for these important neglected diseases.
Conference papers on the topic "Vaccins ADN"
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Kumar, Vishnu, Vijay Srinivasan, and Soundar Kumara. "Towards Smart Vaccine Manufacturing: A Preliminary Study During COVID-19." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70516.
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Abstract Biopharmaceutical community is devising modern techniques to boost the development, production, and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines in large scale with tremendous speed. This has shifted the focus towards smart manufacturing of vaccines through vaccine platforms. Vaccine platforms have great potential to rapidly generate new vaccines and can overcome the challenges of the traditional vaccine manufacturing approach without compromising on safety and efficacy. This preliminary study compares the traditional and modern vaccine manufacturing techniques, reviews COVID-19 vaccine manufacturing scenarios, and presents a framework to critique on the smartness of the novel platform-based COVID-19 vaccine development and manufacturing.
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Zughaier, Susu. "High Vaccine Coverage is Crucial for Preventing the Spread of Infectious Diseases During Mass Gathering." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0138.
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Background: Vaccines are the most cost-effective intervention in public health as they prevent the spread of highly contagious infectious diseases. Because of vaccine implementation and high coverage, Measles was eradicated in 2000, however the recent reappearance of measles in the United States, Europe and globally is alarming. The resurgence of Measles, Diphtheria and Mumps is due to a reduction in vaccine coverage and herd immunity. Vaccine hesitant parents, antivaxxers, and fake news on vaccines are driving the surge in those infectious diseases. The World Health Organization issued the Global Vaccine and Immunization Action Plan to reiterate the importance of vaccine implementation and coverage for several vaccine-preventable infectious diseases in the world. Qatar is preparing for the upcoming FIFA World Cup 2022 therefore maintaining high vaccine coverage, which is critical in preventing infectious diseases spreading during such mass gathering. Methods: Literature search for vaccine coverage rates, resurgence of vaccine preventable infectious diseases and risks of mass gatherings. Results: Seventeen infectious diseases are currently vaccine-preventable. The cost-effectiveness of vaccine is documented as it is estimated for each dollar spent on vaccines, 10 dollars are saved in disease treatment. A drop in vaccine coverage rates to under 90% lead to the resurgence of measles. Vaccine coverage rate in Qatar is currently at 95% which is one of the highest in the world. Qatar must maintain this high coverage rate to prevent any measles outbreaks during mass gatherings. The planned World Cup event will take place from November 21 till December 18 2022, which is the peak for seasonal influenza. In preparedness for this major event, Qatar should encourage residents and visitors to be vaccinated not just against measles and seasonal influenza, but also hepatitis and meningitis. Conclusion: Maintaining 95% vaccine coverage rate is critical for preventing the resurgence of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases during the World Cup mass gathering in Qatar.
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Camargo, Luana Cristina, Joao Paulo Figueiro Longo, Karen Letycia Rodrigues de Paiva, Marina Mesquita Simões, Thais Bergmann, and Victor Carlos Mello da Silva. "Immunotherapy vaccines for triple-negative breast cancer and its influence on the tumor microenvironment." In Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium 2023. Mastology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942023v33s1024.
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Objective: Cancer is still a complex and debilitating disease even though advances in treatment have occurred. Triplenegative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis and occurs more frequently in young women. Due to its metastatic features and unique tumor microenvironment, TNBC treatment is limited. In this study, we evaluated how three chemotherapy drugs could be used to produce vaccines with cells under immunogenic cell death. Methodology: For that, 4T1-luc2 cells were treated with cisplatin (100 μM), mitoxantrone (MTX) (15 μM), and doxorubicin (DOX) (50 μM) for 24 h. Then, the treated cells were injected subcutaneously in tumor-bearing Balb/c female mice, after the tumor challenge. The treatment occurred three times, once a week. During and after the treatment, primary tumor and metastatic progression were followed using the chemiluminescence technique. After 5 weeks of the tumor challenge, mice were euthanized and organs (liver, tumor, lungs, and spleen) were collected for analysis. Additionally, the spleens were processed for flow cytometry for regulatory T lymphocyte and myeloid-derived suppressor cells analysis. Results: Cisplatin and MTX vaccines slowed the primary and metastatic tumor growth as well as the decreased tumor, liver, and spleen weight, while the DOX vaccine slowed the metastatic tumor progression in the lungs but did not alter tumor and other organs’ weight. Moreover, cisplatin and MTX vaccine increased the ratio of lymphocytes in the spleen but not the DOX vaccine. All comparison was done regarding the tumor-bearing mice treated with PBS. Conclusion: Taken together, both MTX and cisplatin vaccines treated primary and secondary tumors probably by the increase of lymphocyte recruitment, and the cisplatin vaccine also has an influence on the tumor microenvironment. Finally, the therapeutical vaccine might be an interesting approach as a treatment for TNBC due to its positive effect on metastasis and tumor microenvironment, especially with cisplatin.
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Tarabrin, R. E., and E. S. Pyatigorec. "BIOETHICAL ISSUES OF VACCINOMICS." In I International Congress “The Latest Achievements of Medicine, Healthcare, and Health-Saving Technologies”. Kemerovo State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/-i-ic-130.
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Vaccinomics, as one of the areas of personalized medicine, can increase the effectiveness of
vaccines, including in epidemics. Nevertheless, it is accompanied by a cluster of bioethical issues.
The article explores possible bioethical difficulties associated with the development of personalized
vaccines: the matching of the research subject and the person receiving the vaccine; the problem of
confidential genetic data; equitable distribution of medical resources.
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Zhu, Richard, and Sujata Bhatia. "Optimizing COVID-19 Vaccine Diffusion in Respiratory Mucosa through Stokes-Einstein Modeling." In 2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1065.
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Abstract SARS-COV-2 vaccines, all of which are currently intramuscular shots, have the ability to prevent serious injury. However, the absence of sufficient mucosal immunity is a major concern. To counteract this deficiency that has led to continued transmission from vaccinated individuals and breakthrough cases, reformulating vaccines to be inhalable presents a logical administration route. Predecessor research has reported the inhalable route to be viable as aerosolized vaccine nanoparticles, AAV phage nanoparticles, and PIV-5 viruses were recently identified to elicit immune responses. In this study, the diffusion of vaccine nanoparticles across the mucosa is characterized and modeled, with respect to their observed behavior from previous studies in relation to the Stokes-Einstein equation, to predict the most efficient model of an inhalable COVID-19 vaccine. The Stokes-Einstein equation has been used in several studies to predict diffusion coefficients. These predictions may be modified to fit the specifications of mucosal interactions. It was determined that mucosal interactions play a significant role in vaccine nanoparticle diffusion, as demonstrated by the viral vector and virus-like nanoparticle diffusion, and can be characterized by an equivalent hydrodynamic radius. Moreover, as a counter to mucosal interactions, PEGylation was found to drastically decrease the viscous slowing of the mucus medium.
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"What factors are related to practicing COVID-19 vaccine by population at Ghawr Al-Safi, Jordan." In International Conference on Public Health and Humanitarian Action. International Federation of Medical Students' Associations - Jordan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56950/yrrz1540.
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Background: COVID-19 vaccines have been offered in Jordan since early march 2021, to all governates around Jordan, in three types: (Pfizer, Sinopharm, and Astrazeneca). However, some populations weren’t vaccinated yet. Several factors maybe related to not practicing the vaccine by the population such as: knowledge, attitude, practice and accessibility of health care, particularly in areas with low socio-economic status. Therefore, studying factors affecting the approach towards vaccination is crucial to improve vaccination rates. Objective: To evaluate and assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices toward the COVID-19 vaccines in the Ghawr Al-safi population. Method: A cross sectional, population based study was conducted at Ghawr Al-safi. A random sample of 301 individuals was collected. A face to face interview of each participant was carried out by the reaseachers, using a well constructed, validated,and reliable questionnaire. The minimum(5,4, and4) and maximum(15,15,and 20) scores for the knowledge, attitude, and practice respectively. Results: Median age for the whole participants was 30, IQR=22.5-43.5 years. Females constitute 52.7%. of the participants .The most common sources of information about COVID-19 vaccines were television (68.7%) and social media (52.4%). Almost three quarters (74%) of the population were vaccinated with two doses, 61% were vaccinated with the Pfizer vaccine. The mean score for; Knowledge 7.75/15, attitude ,7.02/20. While for vaccine practice was relatively high with a mean of 14.62/20. The mean score on the satisfaction towards the healthcare services was 3.76/9. The practice scale was significantly correlated with the satisfaction (r= -0.299, p< 0.001),attitude (r= -0.387, p < 0.001), but not with knowledge (p = 0.448). The most prevalent reason (41%) for vaccination was to protect themselves and their families from COVID-19. What factors are related to practicing COVID-19 vaccine by population at Ghawr Al-Safi, Jordan Conclusion: Level of practice was significantly conversely correlated with attitude and not with knowledge. This indicates that people were vaccinated despite their doubts and apprehension toward the vaccines. Therefore, additional knowledge and awareness are required of Covid -19 and its consequences in that population. Keywords: covid-19, kap study , cross sectional
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Krishnakumar, D., and K. S. Jaganathan. "Development of nasal HPV vaccine formulations." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685403.
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Cervical cancer is the second most cancer in women worldwide with over 500000 new cases and 275000 deaths being registered every year. With nearly 73000 women dying every year, India now tops the world in cervical cancer deaths. India represents 26.4% of all women dying of cervical cancer globally. Cervical cancer estimated to be responsible for about 5% of human cancers worldwide. Currently available vaccines may not provide complete protection against all HPV types as the protection is primarily type specific. Furthermore, the available vaccines are delivered via intramuscular route and require three doses and require cold chain supply which increases the cost of vaccine. Therefore a single dose vaccine delivered via non-invasive route (nasal) that protects against multiple HPV types would be a cost effective and better alternative to the currently available HPV vaccines. The main objective of this study was to prepare HPV antigen loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and Tri Methyl Chitosan (TMC) coated PLGA microparticles and compare their efficacy as nasal vaccine. The developed formulations were characterized for size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, mucin adsorption ability, in vitro and in vivo studies. PLGA microparticles demonstrated negative zeta potential whereas PLGA-TMC microparticles showed higher positive zeta potential. The protein loading efficiency was found as above 80%. Results indicated that PLGA-TMC microparticles demonstrated substantially higher mucin adsorption when compared to PLGA microparticles. HPV antigen encapsulated in PLGA-TMC particles elicited a significantly higher secretory (IgA) immune response compared to that encapsulated in PLGA particles. Present study demonstrates that PLGA-TMC microparticles with specific size range can be a better carrier adjuvant for nasal subunit vaccines. Surface modified PLGA microparticles proved great potential as a nasal delivery system for HPV infections where systemic and mucosal responses are necessary particularly in conditions after viral pathogens invade the host through the mucosal surface.
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Eraghi, Vida. "Vaccine Development against Paratuberculosis." In Socratic Lectures 8. University of Lubljana Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2023.i2.
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Paratuberculosis or Johne’s disease (JD) is a chronic granulomatous enteritis affecting ruminants worldwide. It is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and the rate of prevalence is increasing. Based on high economic impacts and public health concern, vaccine development against paratuberculosis is very essential. There is a lot of research articles about finding the best management approach for eradicating MAP, and also finding an ideal vaccine against the disease. But unfortunately, until now, there is no ideal management approach against the disease because we don’t have any ideal vaccine against it. This mini review discuses about management strategies with the focus on researches about various types of vaccines against JD. Keywords: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP); Vaccine; Johne’s disease; Paratuberculosis; Control
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"ATTITUDE TO COVID-19 VACCINATION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN: THE JORDANIAN EXPERIENCE." In International Conference on Public Health and Humanitarian Action. International Federation of Medical Students' Associations - Jordan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56950/lzes6209.
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Objective: In this study we aim to evaluate the attitude of pregnant women in Jordan towards COVID-19 vaccines, and to investigate the determinants for their attitudes. Method: : An analytical cross-sectional survey was carried out at King Abdullah University Hospital between July and December 2021.We utilizied a self-administered questionnaire that included closed-ended items covering demographic characteristics, clinical and obstetric characteristics, attitudes towards COVID- 19 vaccination, and potential predictors of vaccine acceptance. Results: The number of eligible participants living in the northern region in Jordan was 393 pregnant women, where 10.17% reported vaccine acceptance, 12.21% were hesitant, 77.60% completely rejected the vaccine, 27.22% indicated their acceptance of their physicians” vaccination recommendation during pregnancy, 54.19 % were against it, leaving 18.57% of participants hesitant towards taking the vaccine. Conclusion: Our results of this study disagree with the results of otter recent studies in that pregnant women tended to have a high level of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, and it highlights the need for public health promotional campaigns to promote acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine by pregnant women. Keywords: COVID-19, pregnancy, attitudes, determinants of attitudes.
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Sheng, Tianyi, and Xiaoli Qiu. "Scenario-based public nebulization equipment prototype design for inhaled vaccine application." In Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2023) Integrating People and Intelligent Systems. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002898.
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Vaccination is becoming one of the most important epidemic control measures in the post-pandemic era, and the pandemic has accelerated the development of various forms of COVID-19 vaccines. The inhaled vaccine has entered clinical trials as a more convenient form of vaccination. However, the nebulization equipment used in the experiments was not specifically designed for the public health care scenario of inhaled vaccine nebulization. It could not reflect the advantages and characteristics of the inhaled vaccine. This study is based on the scenario-based design theory to design practical application solutions for inhaled vaccine nebulization equipment. Methods: Using a scenario simulation experiment and semi-structured interviews we identified the behavioral requirements of medical staff in the inhaled vaccination scenario and invited expert participants to validate. Results: Based on interview analysis, 20 behavioral requirements and an inhaled vaccine medical staff persona were identified. Five optimized scenarios were designed according to scenario-based design theory. Scenarios were evaluated by expert participants, and the prototype was developed based on feedback. The prototype design concept focused on "optimizing human-machine interaction", "improving disposable inhaler design", and "optimizing vaccine reagent dosing process". Conclusion: The prototype was evaluated by experts to be effective and reasonable for practical application scenarios of the inhaled vaccine. Scenario-based design can be a useful tool for innovative product design in public medical service scenarios.
Reports on the topic "Vaccins ADN"
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Byrn, Stephen, Nathaniel Milton, and Kari Clase. BIRS Course: RNA Vaccine Manufacture and Assessment of Regulatory Documents for RNA Vaccines. Purdue University, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317657.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is in three segments: (A) Segment on Vaccine Manufacture; (B) Segment on Ready to Use (RTU) Fluid Path for Compounded Sterile Preparations, mRNA Vaccines, and Phage Therapy, (C) Segment on Competency Framework for Addressing Regulatory Review These segments can be used separately or in combination. Additionally, they can be presented in any order. The time devoted to each segment depends on the depth of the course coverage. These segments are interrelated and describe how to make vaccines, how to manufacture vaccines with a point-of-care system built from ready-to-use parts; and how to regulate vaccines. This is a timely review because of the importance of vaccines for the treatment of diseases. It is hoped that it will lead to new approaches to vaccine manufacture and regulation.
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Gidengil, Courtney, Matthew Bidwell Goetz, Margaret Maglione, Sydne J. Newberry, Peggy Chen, Kelsey O’Hollaren, Nabeel Qureshi, et al. Safety of Vaccines Used for Routine Immunization in the United States: An Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer244.
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Objective. To conduct a systematic review of the literature on the safety of vaccines recommended for routine immunization in the United States, updating the 2014 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) report on the topic. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, Embase®, CINAHL®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus through November 9, 2020, building on the prior 2014 report; reviewed existing reviews, trial registries, and supplemental material submitted to AHRQ; and consulted with experts. Review methods. This report addressed three Key Questions (KQs) on the safety of vaccines currently in use in the United States and included in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) recommended immunization schedules for adults (KQ1), children and adolescents (KQ2), and pregnant women (KQ3). The systematic review was supported by a Technical Expert Panel that identified key adverse events of particular concern. Two reviewers independently screened publications; data were extracted by an experienced subject matter expert. Studies of vaccines that used a comparator and reported the presence or absence of adverse events were eligible. We documented observed rates and assessed the relative risks for key adverse events. We assessed the strength of evidence (SoE) across the existing findings from the prior 2014 report and the new evidence from this update. The systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020180089). Results. A large body of evidence is available to evaluate adverse events following vaccination. Of 56,608 reviewed citations, 189 studies met inclusion criteria for this update, adding to data in the prior 2014 report, for a total of 338 included studies reported in 518 publications. Regarding vaccines recommended for adults (KQ1), we found either no new evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE or insufficient evidence in this update, including for newer vaccines such as recombinant influenza vaccine, adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine, and recombinant adjuvanted zoster vaccine. The prior 2014 report noted a signal for anaphylaxis for hepatitis B vaccines in adults with yeast allergy and for tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccines. Regarding vaccines recommended for children and adolescents (KQ2), we found either no new evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE or insufficient evidence, including for newer vaccines such as 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine and meningococcal B vaccine. The prior 2014 report noted signals for rare adverse events—such as anaphylaxis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and febrile seizures—with some childhood vaccines. Regarding vaccines recommended for pregnant women (KQ3), we found no evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE among either pregnant women or their infants following administration of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccines during pregnancy. Conclusion. Across this large body of research, we found no new evidence of increased risk since the prior 2014 report for key adverse events following administration of vaccines that are routinely recommended. Signals from the prior report remain unchanged for rare adverse events, which include anaphylaxis in adults and children, and febrile seizures and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children. There is no evidence of increased risk of adverse events for vaccines currently recommended in pregnant women. There remains insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about some rare potential adverse events.
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Tull, Kerina. Social Inclusion and Immunisation. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.025.
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The current COVID-19 epidemic is both a health and societal issue; therefore, groups historically excluded and marginalised in terms of healthcare will suffer if COVID-19 vaccines, tests, and treatments are to be delivered equitably. This rapid review is exploring the social and cultural challenges related to the roll-out, distribution, and access of COVID-19 vaccines, tests, and treatments. It highlights how these challenges impact certain marginalised groups. Case studies are taken from sub-Saharan Africa (the Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa), with some focus on South East Asia (Indonesia, India) as they have different at-risk groups. Lessons on this issue can be learned from previous pandemics and vaccine roll-out in low- and mid-income countries (LMICs). Key points to highlight include successful COVID-19 vaccine roll-out will only be achieved by ensuring effective community engagement, building local vaccine acceptability and confidence, and overcoming cultural, socio-economic, and political barriers that lead to mistrust and hinder uptake of vaccines. However, the literature notes that a lot of lessons learned about roll-out involve communication - including that the government should under-promise what it can do and then over-deliver. Any campaign must aim to create trust, and involve local communities in planning processes.
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Butler, Nadia, and Soha Karam. Evidence Review: COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance by Key Influencers in the MENA Region - Teachers and Healthworkers. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.039.
Full textAbstract:
As COVID-19 vaccines have been deployed and scaled, concerns about vaccine acceptance have emerged. Effective management of the virus requires that communities everywhere buy into the public health measures designed to protect them, including vaccines. Low acceptance presents a serious challenge for achieving sufficient coverage to reduce circulation of the virus and the risk of new variants emerging. Surveys conducted early in the pandemic showed that the Middle East region had one of the lowest COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates globally. The low acceptance is driven by specific factors in the region and its different countries and populations; these factors need to be taken into account when formulating policy, programmes and interventions. This review synthesises evidence on vaccine acceptance among two key groups in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: teachers and health workers. It draws from academic studies most of which were cross-sectional studies, largely conducted between February 2020 and June 2021, and grey literature reports, including social listening reports. This review is intended to inform strategies for risk communications and community engagement (RCCE) relating to COVID-19 vaccine uptake, with the aim of boosting confidence in and acceptance of the vaccines among these groups across the region. It is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on social science considerations relating to COVID-19 vaccines and was developed for SSHAP by Anthrologica (Nadia Butler and Soha Karam) at the request of the UNICEF MENA Regional Office. It was reviewed by Rose Aynsley (WHO) Amaya Gillespie (UNICEF) and Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica). The evidence review is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Schmidt-Sane, Megan, Elizabeth Benninger, Tabitha Hrynick, and Santiago Ripoll. Youth COVID-19 Vaccine Engagement in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.040.
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Despite overall progress in COVID-19 vaccination rates in Cleveland, vaccine inequity persists as young people from minority communities are often less likely to be vaccinated. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is not just an issue of misinformation or lack of information. Vaccine hesitancy among young people is reflective of wider issues such as mistrust in the state or the medical establishment and negative experiences during the pandemic. This report is based on case study research conducted among minority youth (ages 12-18) in Cleveland, Ohio. While public discourse may label young people as “vaccine hesitant,” we found that there were hesitation differences based on social location and place. We found the greatest vaccine hesitancy among older youth (15+ years old), particularly those from minoritized communities. Unvaccinated youth were also more likely to be from families and friend groups that were unvaccinated. While some expressed distrust of the vaccines, others reported that COVID-19 prevention was not a priority in their lives. Instead, concerns over food security, livelihood, and education take precedence. Minority youth were more likely to report negative experiences with authorities, including teachers at their schools and police in their communities. Our findings demonstrate that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is embedded in a context that drives relationships of mistrust between minority communities and authorities, with implications for COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Young people’s attitudes toward vaccines are further patterned by experiences within their community, school, family, and friend groups.
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Choi, Yoojin, Nathan M. Stall, Antonina Maltsev, Chaim M. Bell, Isaac I. Bogoch, Tal Brosh, Gerald A. Evans, et al. Lessons Learned from Israel’s Vaccine Rollout. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.09.1.0.
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As Ontario expands access to the COVID-19 vaccine beyond the Phase 1 priority populations, strategic planning and execution of mass vaccine rollout will have a significant impact on the health and safety of Ontario’s 14.5 million residents. There are six key elements of Israel’s successful COVID-19 vaccine campaign that can be readily applied to Ontario to expedite and expand the province’s vaccine rollout strategy: a simple vaccine prioritization process; modification to the transport, storage, and distribution of the vaccines; effective communication to promote vaccine confidence; decentralization of vaccination sites; centralized organization through Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) using a fully integrated information technology (IT) system in a universal health care system; and the engagement of community-based personnel, infrastructure, and resources.
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Palmer, Guy, Varda Shkap, Wendy Brown, and Thea Molad. Control of bovine anaplasmosis: cytokine enhancement of vaccine efficacy. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695879.bard.
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Anaplasmosis an arthropod-born disease of cattle caused by the rickettsia Anaplasma marginale and is an impediment to efficient production of healthy livestock in both Israel and the United States. Currently the only effective vaccines are derived from the blood of infected cattle. The risk of widespread transmission of both known and newly emergent pathogens has prevented licensure of live blood-based vaccines in the U.S. and is a major concern for their continued use in Israel. Consequently development of a safe, effective vaccine is a high priority. In this collaborative project we focused on two approaches to vaccine development. The first focused o n improving antigen delivery to livestock and specifically examined how DNA vaccines could be improved to enhance priming and expansion of the immune response. This research resulted in development and testing of two novel vaccine delivery systems--one that targeted antigen spread among dendritic cells (the key cell in priming immune responses and a follow-on construct that also specifically targeted antigen to the endosomal-lysosomal compartment the processing organelle within the dendritic cell that directs vaccine antigen to the MHC class ll-CD4* T cell priming pathway). The optimized construct targeting vaccine antigen to the dendritic cell MHC class II pathway was tested for ability to prime A. marginale specific immune responses in outbred cattle. The results demonstrated both statistically significant effects of priming with a single immunization, continued expansion of the primary immune response including development of high affinity lgG antibodies and rapid recall of the memory response following antigen challenge. This portion of the study represented a significant advance in vaccine delivery for livestock. Importantly the impact of these studies is not limited to A. marginale a s the targeting motifs are optimized for cattle and can be adapted to other cattle vaccinations by inserting a relevant pathogen-specific antigen. The second approach (which represented an addition to the project for which approval was requested as part of the first annual report) was a comparative approach between A . marginale and the Israel A . centrale vaccines train. This addition was requested as studies on Major Surface Protein( MSP)- 2 have shown that this antigen is highly antigenically variable and presented solely as a "static vaccine" antigen does not give cross-strain immunity. In contrast A. . centrale is an effective vaccine which Kimron Veterinary institute has used in the field in Israel for over 50 years. Taking advantage of this expertise, a broad comparison of wild type A. marginale and vaccine strain was initiated. These studies revealed three primary findings: i) use of the vaccine is associated with superinfection, but absence of clinical disease upon superinfection with A. marginale; ii) the A. centrale vaccine strain is not only less virulent but transmission in competent in Dermacentor spp. ticks; and iii) some but not all MSPs are conserved in basic orthologous structure but there are significant polymorphisms among the strains. These studies clearly indicated that there are statistically significant differences in biology (virulence and transmission) and provide a clear path for mapping of biology with the genomes. Based on these findings, we initiated complete genome sequencing of the Israel vaccine strain (although not currently funded by BARD) and plant to proceed with a comparative genomics approach using already sequenced wild-type A. marginale. These findings and ongoing collaborative research tie together filed vaccine experience with new genomic data, providing a new approach to vaccine development against a complex pathogen.
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Batalis, Steph, and Anna Puglisi. A Shot of Resilience. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20230001.
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Vaccines keep the U.S. public healthy while safeguarding economic stability and biosecurity. This report assesses the domestic vaccine manufacturing landscape and identifies two major vulnerabilities: a reliance on foreign manufacturers and a lack of manufacturing redundancy. Maintaining a resilient vaccine supply will require the U.S. government to take steps to protect the existing supply, identify and monitor manufacturing vulnerabilities, and create a stronger domestic production base.
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Schmidt-Sane, Megan, Tabitha Hrynick, Southall Community Alliance SCA, Charlie Forgacz-Cooper, and Steve Curtis. Youth COVID-19 Vaccine Engagement in Ealing, London, United Kingdom. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.039.
Full textAbstract:
Despite progress in COVID-19 vaccination rates overall in Ealing, vaccine inequity persists as young people from minority communities are often less likely to be vaccinated. COVID-19 ‘vaccine hesitancy’ is not just an issue of misinformation or lack of information. ‘Vaccine hesitancy’ among young people is reflective of wider issues such as mistrust in the state or the medical establishment and negative experiences during the pandemic. This report is based on case study research conducted among minority youth (from ages 12-19) in the London borough of Ealing. While public discourse may label young people as “vaccine hesitant,” we found that there were differences based on social location and place. We found the greatest vaccine refusal among older youth (15+ years old), which in the context of this study were from minoritised communities who have experienced deprivation across the life course. Unvaccinated youth were also more likely to be from families and friend groups that were unvaccinated. While some expressed distrust of the vaccines, others reported that COVID-19 prevention was not a priority in their lives, but instead concerns over food security, livelihood, and education take precedence. Minoritised youth were more likely to report negative experiences with authorities, including teachers at their schools and police in their communities. Our findings demonstrate that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is embedded in a context that drives relationships of mistrust between minority communities and authorities, with implications for COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Young people’s attitudes toward vaccines are further patterned by experiences within their community, school, family, and friend groups.
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Vallerani, Sara, Elizabeth Storer, and Costanza Torre. Key Considerations: Equitable Engagement to Promote COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Undocumented Urban Migrants. SSHAP, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.013.
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This brief sets out key considerations linked to the promotion of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among undocumented migrants residing in Rome, Italy. We focus on strategies to equitably distribute COVID-19 vaccines. Evidence from Italy is applicable to other contexts where vaccine administration is tied to “vaccine passports” or “immunity passes”. Undocumented migrants have been considered as some of the “hardest to reach” groups to engage in COVID-19 vaccination outreach. This brief uses the term undocumented migrant or migrant for brevity, but we refer to people living without formal Italian citizenship, refugee status or right to remain in Italy. This brief explores the everyday context of undocumented migrants lives, and how experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated difficult conditions. It links emerging vulnerabilities to perceptions of vaccines, and we suggest that migrants orientate themselves towards the vaccines within frameworks which prioritise economic survival. In many cases, migrants have accepted a COVID-19 vaccine to access paid employment, yet this has often generated mistrust in the state and healthcare system. Accordingly, this brief considers how vaccines can be distributed equitably to boost trust and inclusion in the post-pandemic world. This brief draws primarily on the ethnographic evidence collected through interviews and observations with undocumented migrants in Rome, along with civil society representatives and health workers between December 2021 and January 2022. This brief was developed for SSHAP by Sara Vallerani (Rome Tre University), Elizabeth Storer (LSE) and Costanza Torre (LSE). It was reviewed by Santiago Ripoll (IDS, University of Sussex), with further reviews by Paolo Ruspini (Roma Tre University) and Eloisa Franchi (Université Paris Saclay, Pavia University). The research was funded through the British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: G7 Fund (COVG7210058). Research was based at the Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa, London School of Economics. The brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.