Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vaccins à ARN messager'
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Sebane, Mohammed Karim. "Développement d’une approche vaccinale antitumorale basée sur la délivrance d’ARN messager." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAJ039.
Full textImmunotherapy has recently taken on a central role in cancer treatment. Antitumor vaccines stand out as one of the most targeted approaches. Recently, messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a promising vaccine platform, thanks in particular to the development of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) capable of encapsulating it. However, the latter can induce the appearance of anti-LNP antibodies. Our aim was therefore to develop new vectors for the delivery of mRNA vaccines based on cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), short peptide sequences capable of crossing cell membranes to deliver therapeutic molecules. This work has led to the identification of CPPs derived from sequences of the antimicrobial peptide LAH4, the viral protein Vpr and hemagglutinin as potential vectors for mRNA delivery to dendritic cells.The CPPs we have developed could represent a viable and efficient alternative for mRNA vectorization, opening up new prospects in the field of antitumor vaccines
Coolen, Anne-Line. "Formulation et vectorisation d’un ARN messager vaccinal codant l’antigène Gag du VIH-1 à l’aide de nanoparticules biodégradables de poly(acide lactique)." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1292.
Full textMRNA-based vaccines currently raise a growing interest in vaccinology. However, the transport and delivery of mRNAs to DC cytoplasm in order to induce antigen production and immune responses remains challenging. The objective of this thesis concerns the design and evaluation of novel strategies to vectorize vaccine mRNAs by poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles (PLA-NPs). We developed a strategy based on mRNA adsorption onto PLA-NPs using, as intermediate, LAH4-L1, an amphipathic cationic peptide. To do this, mRNAs were condensed by LAH4-L1 to form polyplexes which was then adsorbed onto PLA-NPs in a second step to form nanocomplexes. The LAH4-L1/mRNA polyplexes and PLA-NP/LAH4-L1/mRNA nanocomplexes ability to target DCs and induce immune responses in vitro was evaluated. We showed that formulations induce an efficient transfection of mRNA in DCs in vitro. The addition of PLA-NPs in formulations seems to increase sustained expression of mRNAs. DC treatment by inhibitors revealed that polyplexes and nanocomplexes are taken up by phagocytosis and clathrin-dependent endocytosis, and escape endosomes by a v-ATPase-dependent mechanism. Transfection of monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) showed that LAH4-L1/mRNA polyplexes and PLA-NP/LAH4-L1/mRNA nanocomplexes trigger innate-sensing activation with pro-inflammatory responses. This activation is associated with moDCs maturation, MHC-I and MHC-II presentation, and the secretion cytokines and chemokines involved in adaptive immunity.These data highlight the interest of these new platform formulations to vectorize mRNAs, target DCs and induce immune responses, which in the context of HIV-1, could help the immune system to control the viral load
Gaudin, Cyril. "Nouvelles caractérisations structurales de l'ARN transfert-messager." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10023.
Full textAlves, Annabelle. "Analyse fonctionnelle du complexe Nup 107-160 des pores nucléaires au cours du cycle cellulaire des vertébrés." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112069.
Full textIn eucaryotic cell, nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) allow traffic between nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. NPCs are large assemblies of proteins, named nucleoporins, that are anchored within the nuclear envelope. During my PhD, I have analyzed the function of a NPC sub-complex, the Nup107-160 complex. The study of this complex using an RNA interference approach in human cells confirmed that this complex has an important role in messengers RNA export in interphase, a feature that might be linked to its appearance in intranuclear foci. In parallel, I have studied the function of the Nup107-160 complex during vertebrate mitosis. I observed that depletion of some components of the Nup107-160 complex by RNA interference induces a decreased staining at the nuclear envelope of numerous nucleoporins and a drastic decrease of NPC number. These data together with in vitro experiments done in collaboration with Dr Mattaj’s laboratory have demonstrated that the Nup107-160 complex plays a critical role during NPC post-mitotic reassembly. Furthermore, the Nup107-160 complex also localizes at kinetochores. We found a potential partner of this complex within these structures. In addition, analysis of the phenotypes induced by Nup107-160 complex depletion at kinetochores show that this complex might be important for proper chromosome segregation during mitosis. The data included in this manuscript have therefore demonstrated that the Nup107-160 complex plays an important role in NPC formation and open new perspectives for the understanding of the mechanisms underlying its involvement in RNA export and chromosome segregation
Hutchison, Stephen. "Caractérisation de deux élements introniques modulant l'épissage alternatif de l'ARN pré-messager du gene de hnRNP A1." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2001.
Find full textRouquier, Sylvie. "La protéine des calculs pancréatiques de rat : structure de l'ARN messager et régulation nutritionnelle." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX30011.
Full textLegendre, Matthieu. "Recherche de motifs d'ARN non-codants : du messager au microARN." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2005AIX22066.pdf.
Full textAzizi, Hiva. "Mechanistic insights of SIDER2 retroposon-mediated mRNA decay in Leishmania." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27725.
Full textLeishmania spp. are important human pathogens which put lives of over 350 million people at risk, worldwide. Apart from being an important human pathogen, Leishmania has unique features in terms of gene regulation, rendering it an excellent model organism to study gene regulation mechanisms. Notably, Leishmania and other trypanosomatids lack control at the level of transcription initiation and therefore most of the regulation of gene expression takes place post-transcriptionally. Cis-acting elements in 3ʹ-untranslated regions (3ʹUTRs) of Leishmania messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are central to the regulation of mRNA decay or translation efficiency. We have identified a novel class of cis-acting retroposons, termed SIDERs (Short Interspersed DEgenerate Retroposons) that are widely distributed in the parasite genome (>2000 copies of SIDER1 and SIDER2), mostly within 3ʹUTRs. Transcripts bearing SIDER2 in their 3ʹUTR are degraded via a deadenylation-independent pathway involving endonucleolytic cleavage within the conserved signature II (SII) sequence of SIDER2 elements. My research project aimed at determining the sequence requirements for endonucleolytic cleavage and identifying the trans-acting factor(s) contributing to SIDER2-mediated mRNA decay. We employed a tethering approach using the MS2 system to capture the trans-acting proteins in vivo. Amongst the proteins specifically tethered to SIDER2, the Pumilio protein PUF6 was shown to downregulate the SIDER2-harboring reporter transcript. Furthermore, inactivation of the PUF6 gene resulted in upregulation and increased transcript stability, indicating that PUF6 contributes to SIDER2-mediated decay. Mutational analysis within the conserved SII region, known to regulate decay, highlighted the importance of the previously mapped putative cleavage sites in mediating degradation of SIDER2-containing transcripts. Furthermore, two additional regions closer to the end of the SIDER2 sequence were found to contribute to mRNA destabilization. Finally, we addressed the requirement of translation for SIDER2 mediated decay and showed that degradation of SIDER2 transcripts is linked to ongoing translation, underscoring significance of the translation apparatus in global regulation of SIDER2-containing transcripts.
Rochdi, Moulay Driss. "Les régions 3' non-traduites (3'UTRs) de l'ARNm de la calpastatine : leur organisation, structure et implication dans des intéractions de type ARN-protéine." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Find full textHerissant, Lucas. "Ubiquitination de l'Histone H2B et Biogenèse des ARN messagers." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077222.
Full textUbiquitination of histone H2B is a cotranscriptionnal modification which controls nucleosome dynamic and other histones modifications, in particular, methylation on Histone H3. First, I contributed to the analyzis of the regulation of H2B ubiquitination. We showed that the AAA-ATPase Cdc48 facilitates H2B modification by influencing its ubiquitination machinery in the yeast S. Cerevisiae. Then, we investigated the roles of H2B ubiquitination in mRNA biogenesis. We showed that the H2B ubiquitination controls the integrity and stability of the CPF complex, which is involved in 3' end maturation of mRNAs, via its action on the Swd2 protein. This protein facilitates recruitment of nuclear export factors on newly synthetised mRNAs. Thus, H2B ubiquitination allows efficient export of mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In order to determine if H2B ubiquitination is involved in other mRNA maturation steps, we analyzed splicing of all intron-containing genes by specific splicing-arrays as well as the global composition of ribonucleoproteic particules (mRNPs) by mass spectrometry in H2B mutant strain. We observed that H2B ubiquitination promotes splicing of some genes by controlling the recruitment of the early splicing machinery, the snRNPs Ul and U2, on pre¬mRNAs. H2B ubiquitination is thus involved in a crosstalk between transcriptionnal events and mRNP maturation. These results show that the chromatin environnement can affect different essential steps of mRNPs biogenesis in the nucleus
Boisvert, Marie-Ève. "Les courts ARN chez C. elegans : spécificité et fonction des protéines argonautes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24611/24611.pdf.
Full textThe molecular characteristics of the RNAi and microRNA pathways are different. In the RNAi pathway, fully base-paired dsRNA molecules trigger the production of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which lead to the degradation of the complementary targeted mRNA. On the other hand, the stem-looped miRNA precursor is processed in mature miRNA, which then imperfectly interacts with the mRNA target, leading to the blocking of its translation. In the worm C. elegans, each of the RNAi and miRNA pathways needs its specific Argonautes proteins. RNAi requires RDE-1, while ALG-1 and ALG-2 act in the miRNA pathway. The restriction of siRNAs and miRNAs to specific Argonaute proteins might reflect the recognition of the trigger by specific factors targeting it to the correct Argonaute protein. To better understand the importance of the trigger in the selection of the adequate Argonaute and pathway, we designed a dsRNA trigger containing both miRNA and siRNA sequences. This chimeric molecule can rescue successfully the loss of function of the miRNA let-7, and can also initiate the gfp gene silencing by RNAi. We demonstrated that RDE-1 and the dsRNA-binding protein RDE-4 are essential for RNAi induced with our trigger, but are not involved in the let-7 function of the chimera molecule. On the other hand, we showed that ALG-2 is strictly required for the miRNA function, but not for the RNAi function. Interestingly, we also found that the let-7 miRNA processed from our molecule has a limited lifetime, while the RNAi response, initiated from the same dsRNA, is maintained for a longer period. We suggest that the specificity of the Argonautes and thus the choice of the small RNA pathway is not determined by the type of RNA trigger, but rather by their respective molecular response. Furthermore, we also tried to understand the roles of ALG-1 and ALG-2. An immunoprecipitation of these proteins and an analysis of the protein and RNA interactors were carried out.
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Orelle, Béatrice. "Pancreatitis associated protein (PAP) : clonage, séquençage et expression de l'ARN messager chez le rat et l'homme." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10069.
Full textGarcia, Mathilde. "Localisation d'ARNm et biogenèse mitochondriale chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077044.
Full textHeterogeneous macromolecules distribution leads to specialized cellular domains. Messenger RNA localization and local protein production are important processes for complex cellular structure building and remodelling with physiology changes. In that respect, mitochonEria are a fascinating example of supramolecular organization. They come from the assembling in various complexes of 800 proteins most of them encoded by nuclear gènes and synthesized by cytoplasmic ribosomes. We previously showed that, in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a large fraction of thèse proteins are translated in the vicinity of mitochondria. During my PHD studies, I analysed the role and the mechanism underlying this site-specific translation phenomenon. In that goal, we developed two quantitative analyse of RNA localisation: a biochemical approach based on quantitative PCR or microarray analysis of mitochondrial fractions and an in vivo approach based on fluorescent in situ hybridization followed by quantitative cell distances analysis. My results emphasize how important are post-transcriptional process in mitochondrial biogenesis. For instance, PuDp mRNA binding protein control the mitochondrial localization of a sub-class of messenger RNA encoding proteins responsible for the early steps of mitochondrial biogenesis. For others, like ATP2 mRNA, site-specific translation seems to be the result of a coupling of their translation and mitochondrial protein import. Since messenger RNA implicated in distinct mitochondrial functions use different pathway to determine their translation site, we propose a model of coordinated biogenesis of mitochondria based on mRNA groups co-regulated at post-transcriptional level
Stoitchkov, Konstantin J. "Détection moléculaire des marqueurs biologiques de progression dans le sang périphérique des sujets atteints de mélanome : intérêt diagnostique et pronostique." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077238.
Full textBartolomei, Fabrice. "Analyse des variations des arnm codant pour les isoformes de la sous-unite alpha des canaux na+ potentiel dependants dans le cerveau du rat : etude chez l'animal normal et dans un modele d'epilepsie experimentale." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX20816.
Full textSinturel, Flore. "Contrôle de l'activité de l'exoribonucléase 5'-3' Xrn1 par Dcs1 et conséquences physiologiques chez S. Cerevisiae." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077018.
Full textThe decapping factor of short RNA, Dcsl, has been shown to facilitate 5'-3' RNA decay by controlling the activity of the cytoplasmic 5'-3' exoribonuclease Xrnl in S. Cerevisiae. Contrary to previous models, we show that the catalytic activity of Dcs1 is not responsible for this regulation. We observe that Dcs1 enhances the apparent affinity of Xrnl for RNA substrates and potentially forms a transitory complex with Xrn1 in vitro. Regulation of Xrn1 by Dcs1 may be important at the physiological level because both dcs1 deletion mutants and xrn1 catalytic mutants are necessary for growth on glycerol médium. Moreover, the 5'-3' exoribonuclease cytoplasmic activity per se of Xrnl is important for growth on glycerol and the activation of Xrn1 by Dcsl is critical for the cell under these conditions. In fact, Xrnl is inactive for mRNA degradation in the absence of Dcsl. We examined the biological significance of this regulation by performing 2-D gel protein analysis under conditions of inhibition of Xrn1 activity. Interestingly, a set of proteins showing decreased levels in a dsc1 dcs2 deletion strain, some essential for respiration, are systematically decreased in an xrn1 deletion mutant. This result easily explains the growth defect observed in these mutants on non-fermentable carbon sources. We confirmed the importance of the 5'-3' degradation pathway for mRNA and protein expressions of one particular candidate, the mitochondrial porin, Por1. Therefore we propose that one role of Dcs1 factor is to maintain cellular functions, such as respiration, through Xrnl activity. We propose that Xrn1 degrades RNAs that potentially inhibit the expression of mitochondrial factors
Viranaicken, Wildriss. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle des facteurs Ilf3 et NF90, deux protéines impliquées dans le routage intracellulaire des ARN messagers." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066365.
Full textBouyge, Isabelle. "Recherche d'un arn messager codant pour une proteine keratinocytaire humaine presentant une homologie avec l'interleukine 2." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT17VS.
Full textJagodnik, Jonathan. "Multiples mécanismes de régulation post-transcriptionnelle chez les bactéries : des structures d’ARN messager aux ARN régulateurs." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC111/document.
Full textIn order to perfectly adapt to their environment, bacteria require a tight gene expression regulation. This can occur through post-transcriptional control by numerous regulatory RNAs (or small RNAs, sRNAs). These sRNAs can target mRNAs, leading to a fast regulation of protein synthesis. Most often, sRNAs base-pair with their target mRNAs at the ribosome binding site (RBS), therefore competing with the ribosome for the binding with the mRNA and repressing gene expression. However, many other regulatory mechanisms involve sRNAs. We have demonstrated that the two sRNAs OmrA and OmrB, conserved among enterobacteria, repress the synthesis of the FepA receptor for iron-enterobactin complexes through base-pairing with a secondary structure within fepA mRNA. This stem-loop structure is located downstream of fepA RBS, and most surprisingly, promotes 30S ribosomal subunit binding to fepA mRNA, therefore activating FepA synthesis. Similar stem-loop structures have been predicted in other mRNAs, such as the bamA mRNA encoding the essential subunit of the Bam outer membrane protein assembly complex. As for fepA mRNA, the stem-loop found in bamA mRNA also promotes ribosome binding, showing that this regulatory mechanism could be widespread considering the strong conservation of bamA among Gram negative bacteria. Moreover, these results challenge the commonly admitted view of mRNA secondary structures being repressors of gene expression. Two other sRNAs also repress fepA expression in an OmrA/B-independent fashion, namely SdsR and RseX. For each of these sRNAs, the regulatory mechanism involved is different. Indeed, SdsR most likely acts through two distinct binding sites, one of which leading to a classical competition with the ribosome binding. Meanwhile, RseX repression requires most of fepA 5’UTR, including sequences at about 100nt upstream of the start codon. Finally, each of these sRNAs is expressed upon diverse stimuli, considerably extending our knowledge of the signals leading to fepA regulation, for which only the Fur-dependent derepression upon iron starvation was known. This work highlights the great versatility of regulatory mechanisms involving RNAs. This illustrates how RNAs structural flexibility and sequence diversity is a key source of diversity for evolution
Gozlan, Joe͏̈l. "Applications cliniques et fondamentales de techniques de détection des acides nucléiques du cytomégalovirus humain, HCMV." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA114822.
Full textLAHUNA, OLIVIER. "Expression et clonage du gene de la gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase chez le rat." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA11T018.
Full textHocquette, Jean-François. "Le recepteur de l'hormone de croissance chez l'homme." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA11T013.
Full textGoussard, Sébastien. "Etude de la localisation mitochondriale de l'ARNm ATP2 chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077113.
Full textMy thesis is upon mRNA's localized translation at the proximity of mitochondria. The translation localization phenomena allows an mRNA to be translated at the same site it's protein acts. 60% of nuclear genome encoded mitochondrial proteins are translated on the mitochondrial surface. There is two classes of mRNA localized to mitochondria. Class l's mRNA necessit the RNA binding protein Puf3p to be localized, which is not the case of class IF s mRNA. The identification of cis acting signals in ATP2 mRNA, a class II transcript, has been done using a method combining FISH experiments and statistical analyzes of pictures, allowing the determination of the proportion of cells where the mRNA is localized on mitochondria's surface. The translation, the MTS (mitochondrial targetting sequence) and two regions, RI and R2, are essentials to ATP2's mRNA mitochondrial localization. During my Ph. D, I reduced region R2 size from half ATP2 length to the 200 last bases. I showed that two RNA formed of the same coding regions but in a different order are not enriched in the same proportion in mitochondrial fraction. The proportion of cells where the mRNA is localized to mitochondria double wether the raporter gene LacZ is at the 3' or 5' of ATP2 gene. I've done sucrose gradient polysomes separation experiments to establish the translations dynamic of those mRNA. It seems that the translation of mRNA highly enriched in mitochondria's fraction is less efficient
Nicot, Arnaud. "Organisation des systèmes neurotensinergiques centraux et implications dans les régulations neuroendocriniennes." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA11T048.
Full textZemam, Kenza. "Caractérisation de facteurs impliqués dans la voie majeure de dégradation 5' vers 3' des ARNm cytoplasmiques chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077074.
Full textIn eukaryotic cells, gene expression can be modulated at several post-transcriptional steps including mrna translation and degradation. In the budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, these processes are intertwined and compete with each other. P-bodies, intracellular structures that increase in size and number under various stress conditions, contain translationnally repressed mrnas and proteins invovled in translation repression and mrna degradation. One of the conserved components of the p-bodies, edc3, was shown to be involved in specific mrna decapping mechanisms. As a first part of my work, i studied the involvement of edc3 in mrna translation regulation mechanisms that are specific to cellular adaptation to starvation (glucose removal from the medium). I could not identify specific targets for edc3 under these conditions. Yet, i identified one mrna which translation appears repressed by a mechanism involving edc3, under all conditions studied. To better understand the biological function of edc3, i identified its functional partners based on the results of a genome wide genetic screen. One of the gene deletions that was synthetic slow growth with the edcs(delta) mutation was scd6(delta). By performing functional analysis, i could show that, while edc3 is not an essential protein, it shares with scd6 an important function for 5' to 3' mrna degradation. Formtext
Lara, Dehainaut Agnès. "Diversité des canaux sodium dépendant du potentiel dans le système nerveux murin : caractérisation d'un nouvel ARN messager." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22044.
Full textThibonnier, Marie. "Etude de la trans-traduction et du métabolisme des ARN chez helicobacter pylori." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077075.
Full textHelicobacter pylori (Hp) is the etiologic agent of the chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers that may evolve in worse pathologies. H. Pylori pathogenesis is linked with its capacity to persistently colonize an hostile niche, the human gastric mucosa. Traws-translation is an ubiquitous quality-control mechanism; SsrA - a stable small RNA - and SmpB - its protein cofactor - freed ribosomes blocked on truncated mRNA and tagged the incomplete protein to direct it to proteolysis pathways. Exploration of the trans-translation in Hp, revealed surprisingly that both smpB and ssrA genes are essential; the essential function is the ribosome recycling. This function relies only on the resume codon. In Hp, peptide tagging is required to resist to oxidative stress or sub-lethal concentration of antibiotics. In Hp, SsrA stability increases in acid conditions similar to those encountered in the stomach. Stability control of thé mRNA plays a key role in the modulation of gene expression, however this field of investigation remain unexplored in Hp. In Hp, HP1430 is an essential endoribonuclease that is orthologous to RNase J of B. Subtilis. Proteins partners of HP1430 suggest that it might be part of a degradosome as RNase E, its functional homolog, does in E. Coll. This enzyme strongly regulated - its expression is drastically diminished at low pH - might play an important role in stability control of mRNA and small RNA in H. Pylori
Accornero, Nathalie. "Développement d'un outil pour suivre le mouvement de molécules d'ARN messagers dans des cellules vivantes de mammifère : une première étape vers la compréhension du mécanisme de localisation de l'ARNm c-myc." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON1T005.
Full textJagerschmidt, Alexandre. "Caractérisation des ARNm cérébraux codant pour le récepteur CCK-B de rat et étude structure/fonction de ce récepteur." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P619.
Full textBerteaux, Nathalie. "Régulation et fonction du gène H19 transcrit en un ARN messager non codant et de son antisens 91H." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-328.pdf.
Full textPais, de Barros Jean-Paul. "Identification, analyse comparative et implication fonctionnelle de nucléosides hypermodifiés et localisés en position wobble dans des ARNt de tissus normaux ou néoplasiques de mammifères." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOMU08.
Full textPassegue, Emmanuelle. "Régulation de l'expression des proto-oncogènes c-fos et jun B par le TRH dans une lignée clonale de cellules à prolactine (GH3B6) : recherche d'une implication fonctionnelle." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA11T033.
Full textEyoum, Jong Laura. "Développement d'un ribozyme spécifique à l'ARNm de Tau pour contrer les Tauopathies." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34496.
Full textOne of the main causes of Alzheimer’s disease and Tauopathies is the presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). NFT consist in intracellular aggregation of the abnormally hyperphophorylated protein Tau. Several studies have shown that NFT are associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and neurotoxicity. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that decreasing the level of Tau protein could prevent cognitive deficits in mouse models. Based on these studies, our hypothesis is that reducing the level of total Tau in the brain could decrease NFTs and delay the pathology. Our objective is to design a molecule that will target directly Tau mRNA instead of the hyperphosphorylated protein. We developed a modified delta-ribozyme, the SOFA (Specific On/Off Adaptor) ribozyme, which is able to cleave the Tau mRNA. Our ribozyme is composed of three components: the blocker, the biosensor, and the effector. We have designed delta-ribozymes that target constitutive exons of Tau mRNA as well as the exon 10 specific of Tau 4R. Therefore, we can target all the Tau isoforms. In this project, we first synthesized the delta-ribozyme by molecular cloning and we confirmed its effect by in vitro cleavage. Secondly, by transfecting it in neuronal cells we characterized its effects on Tau mRNA by RT-PCR. Finally, we produced AAV viruses and infected neuronal cells and characterized its effects on Tau mRNA by RT-PCR. This therapeutic approach is based on specificity and efficiency of the SOFA-ribozymes, which identify and cut the Tau mRNA. Thus, in this project we identified ribozymes 350 and 395 as potential good candidates able to cleave the Tau mRNA.
Klug, Didier. "Modulation par la pression de perfusion et la contraction de l'expression des arn messagers des chaines lourdes de la myosine dans le coeur isole de rat adulte." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M076.
Full textDURAND, JEROME. "Contribution a l'etude de la mobilite genetique : caracterisation d'une sequence d'insertion is.1 dans le plasmide recombiant, pstg 21a, derive de pbr 322." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX20037.
Full textSlove, Séverin. "Régulation de la synthèse des fibres élastiques artérielles." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077049.
Full textIn some vascular pathologies like supravalvular aortic stenosis, aneurysmal disease and atherosclerosis, but also during aging, arterial elastin content is decreased by dégradation of elastic fibers and/or decreased elastin synthesis. Molécules able to enhance elastin synthesis could be used to treat this condition. It was shown that minoxidil (Mx), an ATP-dependent potassium channel opener, enhances elastic fiber synthesis in chick and in spontaneously hypertensive rats, but no clinical application was developed because of its numerous adverse side effects. We previously showed that the inbred Brown Norway (BN) rat strain shows an aortic elastin déficit caused by a decrease in tropoelastin synthesis when compared with the LOU rat, that elastin gene polymorphisms in these strains do not significantly account for. Genome-wide search of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) was performed using F2 BNxLOU. Two QTL controlling the aortic elastin content were identified on chromosome 2 and one on chromosome 14. In parallel, microarrays (Applied Biosystems) were used to compare mRNA expression in aorta of 6-week-old BN and LOU rats. These two methods permitted to bring to light several genes that are both differently expressed and situated within the QTL, such as Integrin alpha 1 (Itgal) and Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (Vcam1). / Other interesting genes are either differently expressed between BN and LOU rats, or situated within a QTL. For example, some 'candidate genes regulate intracellular potassium and calcium concentrations ([K+]i, [Ca2+]i). In the light of the literature and our previous studies showing that elastin synthesis is increased when [K+]i decreases, we focused first on these genes. We tested the anti-hypertensive drug minoxidil (Mx) that opens ATP- dependant potassium channels and causes a decrease in [K+]i. We incubated cultured aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from 6-week-old BN rats with Mx at 5, 50 or lOOuM during 24,48 and 72hrs and we performed an in vivo study administering 22mg/kg/day of Mx to growing BN rats in drinking water during 10 weeks. MRNA encoding for tropoelastin was measured using real-time RT-PCR and elastin was quantified using a biochemical method. We show that Mx and Dx induce an increase in elastin synthesis by SMCs and, in vivo, an increase in aortic elastin content. We showed also that the increase in the steady state level of tropoelastin mRNA is due to an increase in both transcription and mRNA stability. In vivo, potassium channel openers increase elastic fiber synthesis in the aortic media, without changing collagen content. Irbesartan, an angiotensin Il-receptor antagonist, reduces Mx-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Finally, Dx, causing less undesirable side effects than Mx, or coadministration of Mx and Irb, could be suitable for treating vascular pathologies characterized by diminished arterial elastin content
Sement, François. "Identification d'une Terminal Uridylyl Transférase impliquée dans la protection de l'extrémité 3' des ARNm déadénylés chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00881163.
Full textVincent, Rachel. "Quantification des ARNm HLA-DRB par PCR compétitive : mise en évidence de régulations d'expression spécifiques d'allèles." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON1T035.
Full textPetit, Vincent. "De l'editing par les désaminases APOBEC et ADAR, de puissants mutateurs des acides nucleiques viraux et cellulaires." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077214.
Full textMammalian APOBEC molecules comprise a large family of cytidine deaminases with specificity for RNA and single-stranded DNA. APOBEC-1 s are invariably highly specific and edit a single residue in a cellular mRNA, while the cellular targets for APOBEC-3s are not clearly established, although they may curtail the transposition of some retrotransposons. Two of the seven member human APOBEC-3 enzymes strongly restrict human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro and in vivo. We show here that single-stranded DNA hyperediting of an infectious exogenous gammaretrovirus, the murine leukemia virus (MLV), by murine APOBEC-1 and -3 deaminases occurs -in vitro. Murine APOBEC-1 was able to hyperdeaminate cytidine residues in MLV genomic RNA as well. Analysis of the edited sites shows that the deamination in vivo was due to mouse APOBEC-1 rather than APOBEC-3. Furthermore, murine APOBEC-1 is able fo hyperedit its primary substrate in vivo, the apolipoprotein B mRNA, and a variety of heterologous RNAs. In short, murine APOBEC-1 is a hypermutator of both RNA and single-stranded DNA in vivo, which could exert occasional side-effects upon over-expression. We show that the RNA encoding HA gene of influenza virus can be hyperedited by ADAR in vivo, and we found edited sequences harboring A to G mutations in vaccine preparation for human vaccination purpose as well. This is the first description influenza virus can be targeted by a deaminase
Levacher, Corentin. "Le déséquilibre ARΝ messager/ARΝ circulaire : nοuveau biοmarqueur en génétique sοmatique et nοuveau facteur de prédispοsitiοn en génétique cοnstitutiοnnelle?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR045.
Full textCircular RNAs (circRNAs), produced by backsplicing, are an emerging new class of RNAs implicated in various diseases, including cancer. Through their multiple functions, circRNAs can modulate the levels of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), finely regulated linear transcripts. Given that a physiologically balance exists between these two types of transcripts, we hypothesize that a disruption in the levels of this circRNA-mRNA couple plays a role in tumorigenesis. To test this hypothesis, we developed SEALigHTS (Splice and Expression Analyses by exon Ligation and High Throughput Sequencing), an innovative technique for the simultaneous analysis of circRNAs and mRNAs. SEALigHTS is based on the design of probes at exon ends, enabling exploration of all exon-exon junctions. Briefly, after reverse transcription and hybridization of probes to complementary DNA, neighboring probes are ligated, and the number of ligations quantified using unique molecular identifiers and sequencing. As a first step, we analyzed tumor and adjacent normal breast tissue samples. Analysis of the splicing and backsplicing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, involved in Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer syndrome (HBOC), revealed a significant decrease in the circRNA/mRNA ratio in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue (p = 1.6e-09 for BRCA1 and p = 4.4e-05 for BRCA2). In a second step, we studied the splicing and backsplicing of 23 colorectal cancer (CRC) predisposition genes in blood samples from 712 CRC-predisposed patients and 249 controls. The circRNA/mRNA ratio was found to be 1.93 times higher in patients than in controls (p < 2e-16). In a third step, we assessed the diagnostic potential of SEALigHTS by studying 44 CRC and HBOC genes. After validating the detection of splicing events for characterized variations, the analysis of prospective patients with SEALigHTS improved the diagnostic yield. This study has enriched our knowledge of the levels of the various linear and circular isoforms of the predisposition genes studied. Beyond their potential as biomarkers in breast cancer or CRC, the disruption of the circRNA/mRNA ratio raises questions about the involvement of circRNAs in somatic and constitutional genetics
Jaeger, Sophie. "Etude de la maturation de l'extrémité 3' non traduite et de la traduction de l'ARN messager codant pour l'histone H4." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/JAEGER_Sophie_2005.pdf.
Full textFirst we studied HBP protein interaction with the hairpin structure of histone H4-12 pre-mRNA. Starting from loss-of binding mutants of HBP, we selected by the yeast three hybrid system, HBP suppressors that restored the interaction for a wild-type hairpin RNA. Most of the selected mutations were located in both N- and C terminal domains of the protein, suggesting that these domains are involved in RNA recognition. Next we analyzed the structural effect of HBP binding to the 3'UTR of several histone pre-mRNA. Structural probing revealed strong secondary structures in the 3'UTR molecules that could prevent U7 snRNP anchoring to the RNA. We also showed that in some cases HBP-binding induced conformational changes at the level of U7 hybridization sequence. These changes were associated to a better annealing of a U7 snRNA transcript. However, this mechanism is not general to all histone-genes. Lastly, we focused on histone translation mechanism. We found that in vitro translation of H4-12 mRNA is highly efficient. Surprisingly, we found that 5' and 3' UTR are dispensable, which suggests that the Open Reading Frame (ORF) alone is able to recruit the ribosome. Using enzymatic and chemical probing we solved the secondary structure of the whole mRNA. The molecule appears to be circular due to hybridization of 5' and 3' sequences. With non-sense RNA designed to inhibit translation we identified essential nucleotides required for a highly efficient translation mechanism. Altogether, the data from in vitro translation, mutagenesis, toe print and electron-microscopy led us to propose a model that explains the highly efficient mechanism of histone translation. First, the ORF might efficiently recruit two ribosomes on Internal Ribosome Entry Sites (IRES). Second, after translation of the histone circular histone-mRNA an efficient recycling process would channel the ribosomes onto the initiation-codon for a new round of translation
Daoud, Hana. "Une nouvelle classe de granules ARN induits par irradiation des cellules en culture aux ultra-violets?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26820/26820.pdf.
Full textD'Orchymont, Arnaud. "Etudes structurales de l'ARN messager de l'histone H4." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037935.
Full textZhang, Tong. "Characterization of the shuttling properties of RNA-binding TIA proteins." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210999.
Full textSzaroz, Daniel. "Development of Enkephalin mRNA Interference in the Rat Brain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30543/30543.pdf.
Full textEnkephalin (ENK), a prominent endogenous opioid mediator of the behavioural response, elicits its function in important circuits of the brain such as reward, fear and anxiety. In this study, we have targeted the downregulation of ENK expression by the delivery of a lentiviral vector with an expressing shRNA specific to ENK mRNA in ENK rich regions, such as the nucleus accumbens and central amygdala. By injecting a vector expressing an shENK and comparing it to non-injected hemispheres, as well as to injections of the same vector yet expressing a scrambled shRNA, we have observed an average downregulation of 62% ENK mRNA. Quantifications were performed in vivo, by collecting the in situ hybridization radioprobe signal for ENK mRNA of regions infected by the virus; the latter visualized immunohistochemically. Our results show a knockdown specificity of ENK mRNA and tissue integrity, as demonstrated by the lack of GAD65 mRNA disruption.
Dreumont, Natacha. "Étude du métabolisme des ARNm aberrants du gène codant pour la fumarylacétoacétate hydrolase." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/22127/22127.pdf.
Full textLapointe, Gabriel. "Translocation de certains RNP cytoplasmiques «solubles» à la fraction insoluble de la matrice cellulaire résiduelle lors d'un stress thermique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/22140/22140.pdf.
Full textNOGUIEZ, PATRICIA. "Isolement d'adnc d'igf ii dans plusieurs banques d'adnc de tissus humains : expression des messagers des igfs dans des tissus humains normanx et pathologiques." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA11T003.
Full textMarques, Mandin Pierre. "Régulation de la virulence de Listeria monocytogenes : systèmes à deux composants et ARN non codants." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077133.
Full textListeria monocytogenes, a gram positive bacterium, is the causative agent of listeriosis, a relatively rare disease but associated with a high mortality rate. Two component Systems are couples of proteins which allow bacteria to sense and respond to their environment. In a first part of this thesis. We characterized the role of a previously unidentified two component system of L. Monocytogenes, VirR/VirS, in the virulence of the bacterium. Usinq macroarrays, we have determined the genes controlled by VirR. This System regulates genes implicated in the modification of bacterial surface components, which may explain the role of VirR/VirS in virulence. Non coding RNAs (ncRNAs) modulate gene expression by pairing to messenger RNAs or by interacting requlatory proteins. In a second part of this thesis, we have searched for ncRNA genes in the genome of L. Monocytogenes using various bioinformatic approaches. 12 ncRNA were discovered and experimentally characterized, includinq RnpB. SsrA and SsrS which are conserved in all bacteria. The 9 other novel ncRNAs were named Rli for ncRNA in Listeria. In order to better characterize the function of the Rlis. We developed a program to predict potential mRNA targets of ncRNAs. Pur first experimental data validate pur method and suggest that it could be used as a general tool to search for ncRNA targets. These results allow a better understanding of the complex regulatory networks involved in the bacterial adaptive process
Durrieu, Françoise. "Détection des ARN messagers par cytométrie en flux : mise au point de la technique de marquage amorcé in situ (PRINS)." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23099.
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