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KUZNETSOVA, VALENTINA G., EUGENIA S. LABINA, NAZAR A. SHAPOVAL, ANNA MARYAŃSKA-NADACHOWSKA, and VLADIMIR A. LUKHTANOV. "Cacopsylla fraudatrix sp.n. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) recognised from testis structure and mitochondrial gene COI." Zootaxa 3547, no. 1 (November 13, 2012): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3547.1.5.
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Cacopsylla fraudatrix Labina & Kuznetsova sp.n., collected from Vaccinium myrtillus in Bieszczady Mountains (S. Poland) is described and compared with the most closely related species, C. myrtilli (developing on V. myrtillus) and C. ledi (on Ledum palustre) as well as with a distantly related species C. vaccinii (on V. bracteatum). The identity of the new species is supported by the structure of testes consisting of two follicles each, in contrast to four in C. myrtilli and C. ledi, and by a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on a 714 bp fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene. C. fraudatrix sp. n. forms a distinct clade in MP, ML and BI trees and differs from C. myrtilli by 28 fixed nucleotide substitutions (uncorrected p-distance = 3.92%) and from C. ledi by 26 fixed nucleotide substitutions (uncorrected p-distance = 3.64%).
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Т.Н., Доан,, and Нeшатаев, В.Ю. "Assessment of stocks of medicinal plants in the forests of the Leningrad region." Известия СПбЛТА, no. 240 (December 11, 2022): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.21266/2079-4304.2022.240.99-111.
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Цель исследования – актуализация и конкретизация ранее разработанного метода количественной оценки запасов лекарственных растений в ходе смен растительности под влиянием сплошных рубок. Для каждого типа лесорастительных условий (ЛРУ) была выявлена динамика проективного покрытия лекарственных растений, встречающихся в его лесах с преобладанием разных пород и разных стадий восстановительной динамики после рубок. На основе корреляционных зависимостей установлена фитомасса заготавливаемых частей растений для всех типов леса и стадий восстановительной динамики, их биологический и эксплуатационнный запасы. В лесах брусничного и лишайникового типов ЛРУ обильны Calluna vulgaris, Cetraria islandica, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. В сосняках брусничных возможна заготовка брусники (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), а в ельниках брусничных черники (Vaccinium myrtillus). На нормально дренированных суглинках и двучленных наносах в черничном и кисличном типах ЛРУ постоянно встречаются Majanthemum bifolium, Oxalis acetosella, Vaccinium myrtillus и Vaccinium vitis-idae. После рубки обилие этих видов (кроме брусники) снижается, на вырубках и в молодняках доминантами становятся такие лекарственные растения, как Rubus idaeus, Chamaenerion angustifolium. Значительное количество лекарственных видов встречается в болотных и заболоченных багульниковых и сфагновых лесах (Vaccinum myrtillus, Calluna vulgaris, Ledum palustre, Eriophorum vaginatum, Vaccinium vitis-idaea). В лесах проточного ряда увлажнения встречаются Athyrium filix-femina, Filipendula ulmaria, Aconitum septentrionale, Aegopodium podagraria, Pulmonaria officinalis, Urtica dioica. Athyrium filix-femina, Filipendula ulmaria, Equisetum sylvaticum, Lysimachia vulgaris, Menyanthes trifoliata, Comarum palustre. The purpose of the study is to update and concretize the previously developed method of quantifying stocks of medicinal plants during vegetation shifts under the influence of continuous logging. For each type of forest growing conditions (LRU), the dynamics of the projective covering of medicinal plants found in its forests with the predominance of different breeds and different stages of recovery dynamics after logging were revealed. On the basis of correlation dependencies, the phytomass of harvested plant parts for all types of forests and stages of regenerative dynamics, their biological and operational reserves have been established. Calluna vulgaris, Cetraria islandica, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi are abundant in forests of cranberry and lichen types of LRU. In cranberry pine forests, it is also possible to harvest cranberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), and in cranberry spruce forests, blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) are also possible. On normally drained loams and binomial deposits in blueberry and sour types of LRU. Majanthemum bifolium, Oxalis acetosella, Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium vitis-idae are constantly found in forests of these types. After logging, the abundance of these species (except cranberries) decreases, such medicinal plants as Rubus idaeus, Chamaenerion angustifolium become dominant in cuttings and in young plants. A significant number of medicinal species are found in swampy and swampy bagulnik and sphagnum forests (Vaccinum myrtillus, Calluna vulgaris, Ledum palustre, Eriophorum vaginatum, Vaccinium vitisidaea). Athyrium filix-femina, Filipendula ulmaria, Aconitum septentrionale, Aegopodium podagraria, Pulmonaria officinalis, Urtica dioica are found in the forests of the humidification flow range. Athyrium filix-femina, Filipendula ulmaria, Equisetum sylvaticum, Lysimachia vulgaris, Menyanthes trifoliata, Comarum palustre.
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Noguera Paláu, J. J. "Vaccinium myrtillus." Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología 90, no. 2 (February 2015): e16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oftal.2015.01.001.
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Lavrinenko, O. V., and I. A. Lavrinenko. "Vegetation of Loiseleurio procumbentis–Vaccinietea Eggler ex Schubert 1960 class in the East European tundras." Vegetation of Russia, no. 38 (July 2020): 27–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2020.38.27.
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Communities of Loiseleurio procumbentis–Vaccinietea Eggler ex Schubert 1960 class and Deschampsio flexuosae–Vaccinietalia myrtilli Dahl 1957 order, widespread in the East European tundras, are represented by 2 alliances: Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion Kalliola ex Nordhagen 1943 (dwarf-shrub-lichen communities in wind-blown habitats with well-drained automorphic soils) and Phyllodoco–Vaccinion myrtilli Nordhagen 1943 (moderately chionophytic dwarf-shrub communities in habitats with well-drained automorphic soils, moderately moist in summer) (definitions by: Ermakov, 2012). Acidic psammozems and podburs composed of sandy sediments are developed in such habitats. In the first half of the 20th century, such vegetation was described in the East European tundras in ecological-physiognomic classification traditions by Soviet geobotanists V. N. Andreyev, I. D. Bogdanovskaya-Giyenef, A. A. Dedov and Z. N. Smirnova. They attributed it to lichen, dwarf-shrub-lichen and dwarf-shrub vegetation types on sandy substrates. Based upon the analysis of 196 relevés (142 of them are in this paper) from 34 sites on the Kolguyev Isl., Malozemelskaya and Bolshezemelskaya tundras, Pechora River Delta and Northern Timan Ridge (Fig. 1), we described 5 associations (including 3 subassociations and 10 variants) by Braun-Blanquet classification approach; 4 syntaxa are left in the rank of community type. Two associations of Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion alliance, first described in the mountain regions of Fennoscandia, are also basic in the East European tundras. The area of ass. Empetro–Betuletum nanae Nordhagen 1943 occupying the lower sub-belt of the mountain-tundra belt of Fennoscandia, is also common in the plain areas in more moderate conditions in the south tundra and forest-tundra (Table 4, rel. 1–13; Table 6, syntaxon 10; Fig. 9а, б, 10). Ass. Loiseleurio-Diapensietum (Fries 1913) Nordhagen 1943, described in the upper sub-belt of the mountain-tundra belt, is represented by subass. salicetosum nummulariae Koroleva 2006 in the plain areas with its distribution area from typical tundra on Kolguyev Isl. to the northern forest-tundra in the mainland. Three variants of subassociation are identified on the latitudinal gradient: inops — on the Kolguyev Isl., Diapensia lapponica — in the continental typical tundra and Loiseleuria procumbens — in the south tundra and forest-tundra (Table 2, rel. 1–35; Table 6, syntaxa 6–9; Fig. 4а–в, 5, 6). Subass. Loiseleurio-Diapensietumsalicetosum nummulariae was first described in the tundra zone of the Kola Peninsula for petrophytic communities with a polygonal structure in oligochion and achion habitats (Koroleva, 2006). We attributed dwarf-shrub-lichen communities dominated by chionophobic lichens (Flavocetraria nivalis, Alectoria nigricans, A. ochroleuca, Bryocaulon divergens) with irregularly-mosaic horizontal structure on sandy substrates to this subassociation due to the high similarity of the species composition (Table 2). Ass. Empetro hermaphroditi–Salicetum nummulariae Bogdanovskaya-Giyenef ex Lavrinenko et Lavrinenko ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 1, rel. 1–18; nomenclatural type (neotypus hoc loco) — rel. 6 (author’ number — К157, Kolguyev Isl., Khayropskoye Lake environs, 10.09.2007, authors — O. V. Lavrinenko, I. A. Lavrinenko); Table 6, syntaxa 1–4; Fig. 2а–в, 3) with variants Tanacetum bipinnatum, Racomitrium canescens and Betula nana unites dwarf-shrub communities corresponding to different stages of the succession of the overgrown of open sands. They are common in the typical tundra subzone on Kolguyev Isl. and in the north-east part of Malozemelskaya tundra in sites with large sandy outcrops. The area of ass. Cladonietum rangiferino–arbusculae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 4, rel. 14–20; nomenclatural type (holotypus hoc loco) — rel. 19 (author’ number — Т29,, Malozemelskaya Tundra, Kolokolkova Bay, Tobseda village (uninhabited) vicinity, 14.07.2002, author — O. V. Lavrinenko); Table 6, syntaxon 11; Fig. 12а, б) is so far limited by the coastal part of the Malozemelskaya tundra (it will probably be expanded). Communities transformed by reindeer grazing are left in the rank of community type — Dicranum elongatum–Salix nummularia com. type (Table 3, rel. 1–28; Table 6, syntaxon 5; Fig. 7а, б, 8) as well as draft-shrub-lichen with Cladonia stellaris — Cladonia stellaris com. type (Table 4, rel. 21–22; Fig. 11а). Regional characteristic species are established for Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion alliance — psammophytic moss Polytrichum piliferum and lichens Cetraria aculeata (incl. C. muricata), C. nigricans, Cladonia pyxidata, C. cervicornis subsp. verticillata. The basic association— Phyllodoco–Vaccinietum myrtilli Nordhagen 1943 in Phyllodoco–Vaccinion myrtilli alliance in the East European tundras is represented by two subassociations: P.–V. m. salicetosum herbaceae subass. nov. hoc loco(Table 5, rel. 1–14; nomenclatural type (holotypus hoc loco) — rel. 4 (author’ number — 88_12, Kolguyev Isl., Bugryanka River in the midstream, 21.08.2012, authors — O. V. Lavrinenko, I. A. Lavrinenko); Table 6, syntaxon 12; Fig. 13а and б, 14, 15) — on Kolguyev Isl. and P.–V. m. veratretosum lobeliani subass. nov. hoc. loco (Table 5, rel. 15–33; nomenclatural type (holotypus hoc loco) — rel. 24 (author’ number — БН31_14, Bolshezemelskaya Tundra, Bolvanskiy Nos Cape, 27.07.2014, authors — O. V. Lavrinenko, I. A. Lavrinenko); Table 6, syntaxon 13; Fig. 16а–в, 17 ) — in the mainland areas in typical, south tundra subzones and northern forest-tundra. Floristic differences between them are caused by differences both in area distribution of some species, and habitats. There are some taxa of Salicetea herbaceae Br.-Bl. 1948 class on Kolguyev Isl, which indicates more nival conditions. The subass. P.–V. m. salicetosum herbaceae seems to be widespread on the Kola Peninsula. There are 2 variants in each subassociation: Vaccinium myrtillus and Chamaepericlymenum suecicum. Vaccinium myrtillus communities with Cladonia stellaris and Vacciniumuliginosum subsp. microphyllum are left in the rank of community type — Cladonia stellaris–Vaccinium myrtillus com. type (Table 5, rel. 34, 35; Fig. 18) and Vaccinium microphyllumcom. type (Table 5, rel. 36–39; Table 6, syntaxon 15; Fig. 19) due to the small number of relevés. The results of geographical analysis of vascular plant coenoflora of Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion alliance syntaxa are as follows: dominating arctic species — 45 %, hypoarctic — 32 % and boreal — 23 %; there are no boreal species among the high-constant ones, the number arctic and hypoarctic species is approximately equal. The analogous data for of Phyllodoco–Vaccinion myrtilli alliance syntaxa: arctic, hypoarctic and boreal fractions — 33 % each; hypoarctic species dominates among the high-constant ones, boreal (including arcto-boreal) — 2times less and only 2 — arctic-alpine species.
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ВАСИЛЕВИЧ, В. И. "СФАГНОВЫЕ СОСНЯКИ ВОСТОЧНОЙ ЕВРОПЫ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"." Ботанический журнал, no. 4 (2012): 452–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1234567812040027.
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Сосновые леса с моховым ярусом, в котором доминируют виды Sphagnum, широко распространены по всей лесной зоне Восточной Европы. Они встречаются в неглубоких депрессиях рельефа и по окраинам верховых болот. В этих условиях среды сосняки представляют собой первичные леса, так как сосна не имеет здесь других древесных видов, способных конкурировать с ней. Сфагновые сосняки были поделены на три ассоциации, различающиеся условиями местообитания и группами дифференциальных видов. Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum занимает олиготрофные местообитания; ее характерные виды - Vaccinium uliginosum и Ledum palustre, имеющие там экологический и фитоценотический оптимум. Асс. Molinio-Pinetum характеризуется доминированием Molinia caerulea и Vaccinium myrtillus и высоким постоянством Polytrichum commune. Вариант Equisetum sylvaticum представляет собой переход к мезотрофным заболоченным соснякам асс. Carici lasiocarpae-Pinetum. Доминанты травяного яруса этой ассоциации - Carex lasiocarpa и Menyanthes trifoliata.
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Harutyunyan, Z. E., I. V. Vardanian, Z. H. Hoveyan, A. E. Avagyan, and A. H. Hakobyan. "Biotechnology methods in study of Vaccinium uliginosum L. and Vaccinium myrtillus L. in Armenia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1045, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1045/1/012149.
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Abstract The in vitro methods of Biotechnology have been used for analyzing of germination stages and grow conditions of Vaccinium L. subgenera spread in Armenia (Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Vaccinium uliginosum L.). These studies reveal that optimum conditions for in vitro germination of wild blueberry Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium uliginosum seeds were: cold stratification 4-5 0C for 8 weeks, wherein the percentage of germinated seeds was 74.2 – 88.3%. The regenerative potential of shoot and root formation of the analyzed subgenera’s depends on the grow regulators composition of the medium. This Vaccinium L. in vitro study can be used for future using in breeding systems and production.
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Cásedas, Guillermo, Francisco Les, María Pilar Gómez-Serranillos, Carine Smith, and Víctor López. "Anthocyanin profile, antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibiting properties of blueberry and cranberry juices: a comparative study." Food & Function 8, no. 11 (2017): 4187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7fo01205e.
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Ehlenfeldt, M. K., and A. W. Stretch. "Resistance to Blighting by Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi in Diploid and Polyploid Vaccinium Species." HortScience 36, no. 5 (August 2001): 955–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.36.5.955.
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Resistance to blighting by Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi (Reade) Honey was evaluated under greenhouse conditions in multiple populations of the diploid species Vaccinium boreale Hall & Aalders, V. corymbosum L., V. darrowi Camp, V. elliottii Chapm., V. myrtilloides Michx., V. myrtillus L., V. pallidum Ait., and V. tenellum Ait., as well as in accessions of the polyploid species 4x V. hirsutum Buckley and 6x V. corymbosum f. amoenum Aiton. Significant species differences were found in mean blighting levels averaged over 2 years, with values ranging from 3.5% for V. boreale to 49.2% for 2x V. corymbosum, compared with 27.5% for the resistant 4x V. corymbosum check, `Bluejay', and 64.3% for the susceptible 4x V. corymbosum check, `Blueray'. Wild Vaccinium species may serve as new sources of resistance to blighting, if resistance can be transferred easily and horticultural type recovered.
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Shkolnikova, Marina, Olga Chugunova, and Svetlana Ivanova. "Secondary raw materials of agricultural processing companies as a source of anthocyanin colorants." E3S Web of Conferences 176 (2020): 03019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017603019.
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Many recent researches in vitro and in vivo proved the large therapeutic potency of non-toxic anthocyans in anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, anti-oxidative actions. Anthocyanin is a natural phenolic colorant approved in many countries. A reason why the world market of natural food colorants is reduced is because fruit and berry raw materials are expensive. Yet the fruit and berry raw materials are extracted with significant losses and by-products. This constitutes around 23-45% of the whole amount of berries processes in the Russian Federation. Thus, a priority direction of the food industry is a development of technologies allowing to use precious berry pomace with high bioactive compounds, i.e. anthocyans, organic acids, pectin. The aim of the research is to extract food colorant from the pomace of Vaccínium myrtíllus and Vaccínium vítis-idaéa to identify individual anthocyanin pigments. The food safety and composition of the pomace of Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium vitis-idaea as raw material for food colorant extraction were found. Individual anthocyanin pigments of anthocyanin extracts were identified through the method of high-performance liquid chromatography. Cyanidin-3-galactoside was found in the extracts of berries (85,6 %) and pomaces (81,2%) of Vaccinium vitis-idaea. Fifteen compounds were identified in the extracts of Vaccinium myrtillus. The major ones were delphinidin-3-glucoside (13,4 %), delphinidin-3-galactoside (12,4 %), and cyanidin-3-glucoside for the fresh berries. As for the pigments of its pomaces, they were delphinidin-3-glucoside (15,3 %), delphinidin-3-galactoside (14,7 %), and delphinidin-3-arabinoside (10,5 %). Hence, there are more anthocyanin pigments in the extracts of pomaces, than in those of the fresh berries with identical compounds – 24,7 % more for Vaccinium myrtillus and 11,1 % more for Vaccinium myrtillus. The possibility to extract anthocyanin pigments from by-products of the local fruit and berry raw materials – i.e. of Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium vitis-idae ones – and identify them is discussed.
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Ustinova, Marina Vyacheslavovna, Inessa Vyacheslavovna Kravchenko, Svetlana Nikolaevna Rusak, and Diana Athamzhanovna Yadgarova. "The balance of photosynthetic pigments pools and phenolic compounds in dwarf shrubs on the weakly disrupted territory." Samara Journal of Science 8, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201983114.
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The paper identifies photosynthetic pigments pools balance and phenolic compounds in suffruticous species of Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. on the Tundrinsky bor territory (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra) for the purpose of ecological and biochemical assessment of the valuable plant species status. The authors carry out a comparative analysis of the studied biochemical parameters (chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b , carotenoids and phenolic compounds) of two species leaves, collected from two sample plots similar in landscape and soil and hydrological conditions of the weakly disrupted territory of the Tundrinsky bor territory. The analysis of the suffruticous species leaves for chlorophyll content revealed the following distribution of chlorophyll pools: chlorophyll a - 64,96%, chlorophyll b - 35,04% for leaves of Vaccinium myrtillus and chlorophyll a - 68,28%, chlorophyll b - 31, 72% for leaves of Vaccinium vitis-idaea . The average content of carotenoids and phenolic compounds of Vaccinium myrtillus leaves was 0,62 0,11 mg/g and 14,18 1,65 mg/g, respectively, in Vaccinium vitis-idaea leaves - 0,52 0,12 mg/g and 18,79 2,25 mg/g, respectively. The correlation analysis showed the presence of a direct average strength correlation (r = 0,4) between the levels of chlorophyll and phenolic compounds in the leaves of Vaccinium vitis-idaea .
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Carvalho, Márcia, Manuela Matos, and Valdemar Carnide. "Short communication: Identification of cultivated and wild Vaccinium species grown in Portugal." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 16, no. 3 (October 23, 2018): e07SC01. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2018163-12502.
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Vaccinium crops offer a variety of benefits for human health due their high levels of antioxidants. Genetic diversity between two Vaccinium species (sixteen cultivars of Vaccinium corymbosum and three wild populations of Vaccinium myrtillus) were evaluated using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. In V. corymbosum 74 polymorphic markers corresponding to 83.2% of polymorphism were obtained while in V. myrtillus only four polymorphic markers corresponding to 83.2% and 10.6% of polymorphism were observed. The dendrogram obtained showed a clear division into two distinct groups corresponding to the two analyzed species. V. corymbosum group is divided in different sub-clusters based on cultivars pedigree relationships. Twenty-eight specific bands were detected in total; 6 for V. corymbosum and 22 for V. myrtillus. Results allowed the selection of five primers due it potential to detect specific bands in the two species. These markers could be useful for identifying species and cultivars and consequently help in the management of germplasm collections and in breeding programs.
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KAŠKONIENĖ, Vilma, Kristina BIMBIRAITĖ-SURVILIENĖ, Paulius KAŠKONAS, Nicola TISO, Laima ČESONIENĖ, Remigijus DAUBARAS, and Audrius Sigitas MARUŠKA. "Changes in the biochemical compounds of Vacciniummyrtillus, Vacciniumvitis-idaea, and forest litter collected from various forest types." TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY 44, no. 6 (December 8, 2020): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/tar-1912-41.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of forest clear-cutting on the phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, and forest litter collected during the vegetation stages in 2 forests types (Pinetum vacciniosumand Pinetum vaccinio-myrtillosum). The Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminum trichloride colorimetric assay, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test were applied to perform the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antiradical activity analyses of the extracts of the underground and aboveground parts of the plants and forest litter. The TPC content varied from 35.87 to 229.76 mg/g (expressed as rutin equivalents) and 120.03 to 309.64 mg/g in the aboveground extracts of V. myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea, respectively. Remarkably lower amounts of phenolic compounds were determined in the underground extracts of the tested shrubs. The TPC content in the forest litter ranged from 3.12 to 11.89 mg/g. The radical scavenging activity (RSA) varied from 3.12 to 434.68 mg/g; the lowest antiradical activity was determined in the underground extracts, while the highest was in the aboveground extracts of V. myrtillus. The TFC was dependent on the vegetation phase, forest type, and clear-cutting, and varied from 7.97 to 40.18 mg/g in the aboveground extracts of the tested plants. Flavonoids were not detected in the underground extracts of the samples or in the forest litter. The chemometric analysis revealed statistically significant trends of environmental impact on V. myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea at the different vegetation stages. Hypotheses testing showed that the TPC, TFC and RSA expressed statistically significant (α ≤ 0.05) changes in 68%, 60% and 71% of the tested samples after clear-cutting, respectively.
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Beeler, Reese B., Mathew T. Sharples, and Erin A. Tripp. "Introgression Among Three Western North American Bilberries (Vaccinium section Myrtillus)." Systematic Botany 45, no. 3 (September 11, 2020): 576–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15935294613383.
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Abstract—Despite being dominant elements of understory communities in the coniferous forests of western North America, phylogenetic relationships among bilberries (Vaccinium section Myrtillus) remain unresolved. Morphological delimitation among most western bilberry species is tenuous, and traditionally employed molecular sources of phylogenetic information have yielded insufficient variability. Moreover, these species are hypothesized to have undergone extensive introgression. We used RADseq data analyzed with maximum likelihood species tree estimation and Patterson’s D-statistic analyses to examine the influence of introgression on relationships among Vaccinium myrtillus, V. scoparium, and V. cespitosum. Additionally, we used these data to assess whether the populations of V. myrtillus disjunct between North America and Eurasia are monophyletic and should continue to be recognized as conspecific. Significant genome-wide introgression, as determined through D-statistic analyses, was detected between North American samples of V. myrtillus and V. cespitosum, and to a lesser extent, between V. myrtillus and V. scoparium. No significant D-values were detected between V. scoparium and V. cespitosum. Accessions of Vaccinium myrtillus from Eurasia and North America were recovered as non-monophyletic, prompting our proposed resurrection of V. oreophilum for North American material. The long-assumed sister species relationship between V. oreophilum and V. scoparium was not recovered in our analysis. Instead, V. oreophilum and V. cespitosum were inferred to be sister taxa. This study reveals considerable introgression detectable in the evolutionary history of western North American bilberries and demonstrates the utility of RADseq data to resolve species level relationships in groups that undergo reticulate evolution such as Vaccinium.
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Bianchesi, Andressa Laran Fentzke, Eder Carlos Hoffmann, Vanessa Mendes Rego, Merce Teodora Aguil Santana, Valeria de Souza Haragushiku, and João Vicente Neto. "Elaboração de cerveja artesanal com adição de blueberry (<em>Vaccinium myrtillus</em>)." Brazilian Journal of Development 9, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 108–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv9n1-008.
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O mercado de cervejas artesanais tem crescido exponincialmente no Brasil e em particular na região médio Norte do estado de Mato Grosso, onde as cervejarias tem buscado apresentar produtos diferenciados, o que tem incentivado a adição de diversos tipos de frutos na elaboração destas cervejas no intuito de torná-las mais agradáveis ao paladar do homem. Neste contexto a busca por frutos que também possam conferir novas propriedades ás cervejas também tem sido alvo de diversos estudos, principalmente na procura por frutos com fontes de compostos bioativos. Entre os frutos mais conhecidos que possuem compostos biotivos destaca-se o blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), que são particularmente ricos em antocianina e supostamente melhoram a visão e a função cerebral, desempenhando um papel anti-inflamatório para atenuar doenças crônicas projetadas (como obesidade e diabetes), simplesmente por meio de um papel prebiótico que regula favoravelmente a população microbiana intestinal. Diante deste cenário e da necessidade de avaliar as características físico-químicas e sensoriais de cerveja artesanal tipo Weiss adicionda de frutos de blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), foram elaboradas cervejas artesanais com ou sem adição de frutos de blueberries na forma de pó e desidratada. Foram analisados os parâmetros físico-químicos de pH, %EBV, cor objetiva pelo método CIELab, teor de compostos fenólicos totais e os atributos sensoriais de cor, sabor, odor, preferência de compra e aspecto global por um painel de julgadores não treinados. Houve diferença (P<0,05) nas análises físico químicas de cor CIELab e para compostos fenólicos totais. A cerveja artesanal elaborada com adição de blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) em pó apresentou teores superiores de compostos fenólicos (639,12 mgGAE/g). Não houve diferença (P>0,05) para os atributos sensoriais de cor, odor e sabor nos tratamentos realizados na elaboração de cervejas artesanais com ou sem adição de blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus). Na avaliação global, a cerveja artesanal adicionada de blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) em pó demonstrou ter a maior preferência quando avaliados todos os atributos sensoriais pelos julgadores, apresentando média superior de 7,46. A produção de cerveja artesanal com adição de blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) eleva os teores de compostos fenólicos sem interferência nos atributos sensoriais, promovendo uma característica nutracêutica á cerveja artesanal.
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Egorova, Natalya Yu, Tatiana L. Egoshina, and Artem V. Yaroslavtsev. "Vaccinium myrtillus L. in Kirov region (southern taiga subzone): phytocoenotic confinement and ecological preferences." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Biologiya, no. 53 (2021): 68–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988591/53/4.
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Vaccinium myrtillus L. is an important component for forming phyto-environment in boreal forest ecosystems, in which it develops various consortium connections. Being a mycorrhizal species, V. myrtillus improves nutrition and stimulates the growth of plants of all layers, supporting inter- and intra-specific connections of different layers of forest communities. In order to estimate the environment-forming role of V. myrtillus in ecosystems it is essential to acquire data on quantitative presence of the species in plant communities composition and on ecological-phytocoenotic peculiarities within its range. The aim of the study is to define phytocoenotic parameters and ecological conditions of V. myrtillus habitats within the southern taiga part of its range (Kirov region). We collected the material during the growing seasons of 2009-2015 and made 110 geobotanical descriptions according to common geobotanical methods (Methods of studies…, 2002). Ecological conditions were estimated based on species compositions in communities using 10 ecological scales by Dmitry Tsyganov (1983). The ecological discomfort index was determined for each habitat (Klimenko, 2012). Common methods of soil analyses were used for different biotopes of the studied species (Arinushkina, 1962). Hemeroby was determined by the species composition in plant communities, in which every species has individual human impact tolerance spectre (Frank and Klotz, 1990). V. myrtillus acts as a dominant or codominant of the herbaceous-shrub synfolium of boreal coniferous and mixed forest communities with 30-70% cover. It is accompanied by the following species: Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., Rubus saxatilis L., Juncus filiformis L., Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth., Thelypteris palustris Schot, Melampyrum sylvaticum L., and Majanthemum bifolium (L.) F. Schmidt. The species is found on gley and gleyic podzolic soils, mostly sabulous, rarely-sandy; and on peatygley and sod-podzolic soils (See Table 1). Bilberry is common on high acidity soils with pH varying from 2.54 to 4.93. The concentration of organic carbon in bilberry forest litter varies from 5.71 to 69.2% (See Fig. 1). V. myrtillus is a mesobiont species whose average ecologic valency coefficient reaches 55%. In the investigated coenopopulations, the species achieves 8.15 to 50.10% of its potential capabilities regarding the studied factors. V. myrtillus is a hemieurybiont by climatic factors (0.58 points). It achieves its maximum on ombroclimatic scale (44.5%). According to climatic scales, ecological conditions of the studied habitats occupy the central position of all possible. The generalized spectrum of soil scales shows the species as a mesobiont (It–0.45). This allows widening V. myrtillus soil humidity scale 1.27 point left and soil moisture variability scale 0.80 points right. On other scales, the environmental position of the studied coenopopulations are within the data given by Dmitry Tsyganov for the species (See Table 2 and Fig. 2). The discomfort index is also given to estimate habitat ecological conditions. Based on phytoindication data and according to the discomfort index, we defined that the most favorable conditions of edapho- and climatopes for V. myrtillus are formed in sphagnum phytocoenoses. The least favorable conditions were noted in bilberry pine and bilberrypleurocarpous moss pine-spruce forest types. The study of hemeroby showed that oligo-mesohemerob species (highly sensitive to anthropogenic factors) prevail in all V. myrtillus coenopopulations, i.e. 41%. A-hemerob, a-euhemerob and polyhemerob species were not noted in any of the studied CPs (See Table 3 and Fig. 3). This proves that the species is of low resistance to anthropogenic influence and can survive moderate intensity human impact. The studied plant communities with V. myrtillus are low-hemerobic.
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Hancock, James F., and Arlen D. Draper. "Blueberry Culture in North America." HortScience 24, no. 4 (August 1989): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.4.551.
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Abstract Blueberries belong to the genus Vaccinium in the heath family Ericaceae. Several sections are agriculturally important, including Cyanococcus (true blueberries), Oxycoccus (cranberries), and Myrtillus (bilberries and whortleberries). Wild representatives of Oxycoccus and Myrtillus are found in both Europe and North America, while Cyanococcus is solely North American.
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Spier, Leo, and André Aptroot. "Fellhaneretum myrtillicolae ass. nov., the lichen association on Vaccinium myrtillus." Herzogia 14 (July 28, 2000): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/herzogia/14/2000/43.
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Martín‐Aragón, Sagrario, Belén Basabe, Juana M. Benedí, and Angel M. Villar. "Antioxidant action of Vaccinium myrtillus L." Phytotherapy Research 12, S1 (1998): S104—S106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1573(1998)12:1+
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Tolvanen, Anne. "Differences in recovery between a deciduous and an evergreen ericaceous clonal dwarf shrub after simulated aboveground herbivory and belowground damage." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-110.
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Insect and microtine rodent herbivory (defoliation and branch clipping, respectively) were simulated in stands of the deciduous Vaccinium myrtillus L. and evergreen V. vitis-idaea L. Rhizome connections around the treated plots were either left intact or severed. Recovery in the plots was monitored for two growth seasons, from 1991 to 1992. It was hypothesized that the evergreen V. vitis-idaea would suffer more from the simulated herbivory treatment than V. myrtillus, but that severing the rhizome connections would decrease recovery of both species, because clonal integration is disrupted and wounding may have a harmful influence on growth. After two growth seasons, recovery was complete from simulated herbivory in V. myrtillus, whereas the new dry biomass was reduced slightly (22 – 37%) or significantly (49%) compared with that of the control in V. vitis-idaea. Rhizome severing reduced the growth of the branches and ramets and the aboveground dry biomass by 34% compared with that of the unsevered control in V. myrtillus. In the evergreen V. vitis-idaea, severing slightly reduced growth, the effect being significant only in the clipped treatment. The results suggest that the deciduous V. myrtillus recovers more rapidly from simulated herbivory than the evergreen V. vitis-idaea. Rhizome severing is more detrimental to the growth of V. myrtillus, but less detrimental to recovery from simulated herbivory. Sexual reproduction decreases more in V. vitis-idaea than in V. myrtillus after damage. Key words: compensation, growth form, herbivory, rhizome severing, Vaccinium
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Eriksson, Ove. "Ontogenetic niche shifts and their implications for recruitment in three clonal Vaccinium shrubs: Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, and Vaccinium oxycoccos." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-044.
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Ontogenetic niche shifts, i.e., changes in niche breadth and (or) position during the life of individuals, have received rather limited attention in plant ecology. An experiment was designed to assess ontogenetic niche shifts in three clonal Vaccinium shrubs in order to examine their recruitment behavior. Seeds were sown, and juveniles transplanted, at sites along a gradient of changing occurrence of the three species. Recruitment was seed limited, varied among sites, and was correlated with juvenile survivorship. No niche shift occurred during seed to seedling stages for any of the plants. For Vaccinium myrtillus L., recruitment was not related to adult occurrence, whereas for Vaccinium oxycoccos L., recruitment was highest at the site where adults dominated. However, for both of these species, recruitment also occurred outside the range of adult occurrence. Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. exhibited a negative relationship between adult occurrence and recruitment and between adult occurrence and juvenile survivorship, indicating an ontogenetic niche shift. For V. myrtillus the results suggested an uncoupling of niche requirements of juvenile and adult stages, whereas for V. oxycoccos the results suggested a niche contraction towards the requirements for adults. Thus, the form of ontogenetic niche shifts differs among the species. These differences in niche shifts contribute to understanding dispersal and recruitment behavior of the species.Key words: clonal plants, dispersal, niche shifts, recruitment.
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Baskin, Carol C., Per Milberg, Lars Andersson, and Jerry M. Baskin. "Germination studies of three dwarf shrubs (Vaccinium, Ericaceae) of Northern Hemisphere coniferous forests." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 1552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-129.
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Freshly matured seeds of the dwarf shrubs Vaccinium myrtillus L., Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., and Vaccinium uliginosum L. from various sites in coniferous forests in Sweden were tested for germination before and after cold stratification. In initial tests, seeds of V. myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea germinated to 62100% in light at 20:10 and (or) at 25:15°C with few (112%) or no seeds germinating at 15:5(6)°C; however, after 12 or 20 weeks of stratification germination increased significantly in light at 15:5(6)°C. Thus, seeds of these species are conditionally dormant at maturity. Of seeds sown outdoors in southern Sweden on various dates in summer, 120% of V. myrtillus and 02% of V. vitis-idaea germinated before winter. Seeds of neither species germinated during late May, when minimum temperatures were about 710°C, but they did germinate after minimum temperatures increased to [Formula: see text] 10°C. Although stratification increased germination percentages of V. myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea seeds at 15:5(6)°C, more than 2 weeks of incubation at this temperature was required for germination. Thus, even after habitat temperatures have reached the minimum range for germination of nondormant seeds, a slow rate of germination at low temperatures may prevent stratified seeds of both species from germinating in the field in early spring. Nonstratified seeds of V. uliginosum germinated to a maximum of 5% in light and of 7% in darkness, but after 12 weeks of stratification, seeds germinated to 4995% in light and to 160% in darkness at the three temperature regimes. Most seeds of V. uliginosum are dormant at maturity, and they come out of dormancy during stratification in winter. By spring, seeds of V. uliginosum germinate over the same range of temperatures as those of V. myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea, but seeds of V. uliginosum germinate faster at 15:5(6)°C than those of the other two species.Key words: blueberry seed germination, cold stratification, Ericaceae, seed dormancy, seed germination, Vaccinium.
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Shamilov, Arnold A., Daniil N. Olennikov, Dmitryi I. Pozdnyakov, Valentina N. Bubenchikova, Ekaterina R. Garsiya, and Mikhail V. Larskii. "Caucasian Blueberry: Comparative Study of Phenolic Compounds and Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Potential of Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium arctostaphylos Leaves." Life 12, no. 12 (December 11, 2022): 2079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12122079.
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(1) Background: Two Caucasian blueberries Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. are famous berry bushes growing in the Caucasus region and used to treat neurological diseases, but the chemistry and bioactivity of leaf extracts are still poorly studied. (2) Methods: Phenolic compounds of V. myrtillus and V. arctostaphylos leaf extracts were profiled and quantified by HPLC–PDA–ESI–tQ–MS. The neurotropic potential of Vaccinium extracts was studied using the model of middle cerebral artery permanent occlusion to determine cerebral blood flow, the area of the brain tissue necrosis, and antioxidant enzyme activity (including superoxide dismutase, succinate dehydrogenase, and cytochrome C oxidase), as well as the concentration of TBARS. (3) Results: Hydroxycinnamates and flavonoids were identified in the leaves of V. myrtillus and V. arctostaphylos, and the dominant metabolite of both extracts was 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid in the amount of 105–226 mg/g. The studied extracts enhanced the cerebral hemodynamics and decreased the frequency of necrotic and lipooxidative processes in the brain tissue, accompanied by an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The positive effect of V. arctostaphylos was stronger and exceeded the effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba standardized extract. (4) Conclusion: The leaf extracts of Caucasian blueberries V. myrtillus and V. arctostaphylos as a new source of hydroxycinnamates demonstrated a protective effect of the brain ischemia pathology and can be used as therapeutic agents to treat neurological diseases.
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Tolvanen, Anne. "Aboveground growth habits of two Vaccinium species in relation to habitat." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-047.
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Ramet morphology in the deciduous Vaccinium myrtillus L. and the evergreen Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. was compared between the forest and open, clear-felled habitats. Growth habits were measured in terms of branching, shoot mass, bud type, branching angle, and vertical elevation of ramets. New ramets of both species were produced from buds on the below-ground stem. Branching occurred from buds on 1-year-old shoots in young ramets. Aging and flowering induced rejuvenation, i.e., production of new shoots from buds on older shoot generations within the ramets. Sympodial V. myrtillus ramets were more branched than the predominantly monopodial V. vitis-idaea ramets. In ramets of both species, vegetative shoots grew primarily from distal buds in the forest, whereas a greater number of lower buds were activated in the ramets in the open habitat. Vaccinium myrtillus ramets grew more horizontally and had wider branching angles to increase the intercepted radiation in the forest, whereas compact, vertically growing ramets prevailed in the open habitat, where light was not limited. No difference in branch orientation was observed between habitats in V. vitis-idaea. Production of flowers was greater in the open habitat than in the forest in both species. The observed differences in growth habits between forest and open habitat were assumed to indicate high morphological plasticity in both species, allowing the plants to respond rapidly to changed environmental conditions. Key words: architecture, branching, growth habit, shrub, Vaccinium.
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Saral, Özlem, Zafer Ölmez, and Hüseyin Şahin. "Comparison of Antioxidant Properties of Wild Blueberries (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. and Vaccinium myrtillus L.) with Cultivated Blueberry Varieties (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in Artvin Region of Turkey." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (September 5, 2014): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i1.40-44.166.
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Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. and Vaccinium myrtillus L. which are found naturally in most part of Blacksea Region, and Artvin are generally called bear grape, Trabzon tea, and likapa. In addition, different varieties of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) have been cultivated in Artvin region for 5 or 6 years. Blueberries contain appreciable levels of phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins and flavonols that have high biological activity. V. arctostaphylos and V. myrtillus show that natural distrubition with received V. corymbosum of different cultured species in Artvin region will be determined antioxidant activity in this study. In this study showed that wild species had a higher antioxidant effect than cultivated species. V. myrtillus had high total polyphenols (11.539-20.742 mg GAE/g dry sample), flavonoids (1.182-2.676 mg QE/g dry sample) and anthocyanins (3.305-11.473 mg Cyn/g dry sample) than V. corymbosum species. In addition, wild species had high CUPRAC, FRAP and DPPH values. The antioxidant activities found with CUPRAC, expressed as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity ranged from 0.143 to 0.297 mmol TEAC/g dry sample. Those determined with DPPH expressed as IC50 ranged from 0.229 to 1.178 mg/ml. Those determined with FRAP expressed as FeSO4.7H2O equivalent were in 130.719–346.115 µmol Fe/g dry sample range.
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Afanasyeva, Larisa V., and Vladimir K. Kashin. "The Chemical Composition and Productivity of Vaccinium myrtillus L. under Influence of Industrial Pollution." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Biology 8, no. 3 (September 2015): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1997-1389-2015-8-3-333-346.
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Vrancheva, Radka, Ivan Ivanov, Ilian Badjakov, Ivayla Dincheva, Vasil Georgiev, and Atanas Pavlov. "Optimization of polyphenols extraction process with antioxidant properties from wild Vaccinium myrtillus L. (bilberry) and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (lingonberry) leaves." Food Science and Applied Biotechnology 3, no. 2 (October 10, 2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.30721/fsab2020.v3.i2.98.
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The aim of the current study was to optimize the extraction condition of polyphenol compounds with antioxidant properties from leaves of natural grown Vaccinium myrtillus L and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. The extractions were carried out in ultrasonic bath at 40 ºC for 20 minutes with different solvents (water, 20 % ethanol, 40 % ethanol, 60 % ethanol, 80 % ethanol and 96 % ethanol) and different hydro module of samples and solvents used (1:50, 1:100 and 1:200). The highest total phenol content in the leaves of V. myrtillus L. and V. vitis-idaea L. was found when 40% ethanol extract was used (90.50 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g DW and 96.68 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g DW, respectively). The highest total flavonoid content of the leaves of both species was obtained with 80 % ethanol as extraction solvent. The highest level of total proanthocyanidins were in the 60 % ethanol extract of V. myrtillus L. and in the 80 % ethanol extract of V. vitis-idaea L (13.12 ± 0.11 mg LE/g DW and 24.22 ± 0.21 mg LE/g DW, respectively). The highest ability to scavenge DPPH radicals possessed the 40 % ethanol extracts from the leaves of both species (693.99 ± 4.05 mM TE/g DW for V. myrtillus L. and 1083.18 ± 8.48 mM TE/g DW for V. vitis-idaea L). Data analysis showed that the maximal amount of polyphenols was extracted at a hydro-module of 1: 100. HPLC analysis revealed that the dominant phenolic acid in the leaves of V. myrtillus L was chlorogenic acid (13.45 mg/g DW), while ferulic acid (49.48 mg/g DW) was present at the highest concentration in the leaves of V. vitis-idaea L.
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Eriksson, Ove, and Heléne Fröborg. ""Windows of opportunity" for recruitment in long-lived clonal plants: experimental studies of seedling establishment in Vaccinium shrubs." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 9 (September 1, 1996): 1369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-166.
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Two experiments were performed to analyse seedling recruitment in Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Vaccinium uliginosum, and Vaccinium oxycoccos. The purpose was to examine the probability of recruitment at "windows of opportunity," i.e., spatially or temporally unpredictable conditions in which seedling recruitment is possible within stands of established conspecific adults. Seedling emergence in all four investigated species depended on a combination of seed and microsite (disturbance) availability. In V. myrtillus, which was studied in more detail than the other species, emergence and survivorship were similar on non wood substrate and on decaying wood, but seedling growth was favored on the latter substrate. An experiment along an environmental gradient with all four species showed that recruitment required approximately similar conditions even though the adults of the species exhibited a clear zonation along the gradient. For all species except V. oxycoccos, recruitment was confined to only a part of the adults' range. Vaccinium species are generally good seed dispersers and have a high fecundity but usually lack developed seed banks. This behavior is interpreted as a response to occurring windows of opportunity for recruitment, i.e., small disturbances with high moisture and organic soil content. Recruitment at windows of opportunity is suggested as one distinct pattern of recruitment among clonal plants, along with previously suggested repeated and initial seedling recruitment patterns, and some implications of this distinction are briefly discussed. Keywords: clonal plants, genets, life histories, population dynamics, seedling establishment, Vaccinium.
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Jaakola, L., A. Hohtola, K. Määttä, S. Törrönen, and S. Kärenlampi. "FLAVONOID BIOSYNTHESIS IN BILBERRY (VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS L.)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 618 (November 2003): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2003.618.49.
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Kloet, S. P. Vander, and T. A. Dickinson. "The Taxonomy of Vaccinium Section Myrtillus (Ericaceae)." Brittonia 51, no. 2 (April 1999): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2666632.
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Martinussen, Inger, Jens Rohloff, Laura Jakkola, Kajetan Trost, Olavi Junttila, Hely Häggman, and Eivind Uleberg. "METABOLITE PROFILING OF BILBERRIES (VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS L.)." Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 10, no. 2 (June 15, 2012): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rcf10281.
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Pop, M., A. X. Lupea, S. Popa, and C. Gruescu. "Colour of Bilberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruits) Extracts." International Journal of Food Properties 13, no. 4 (March 25, 2010): 771–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942910902894898.
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Коваленко, Л. В., Е. А. Белова, А. Е. Гуляев, Н. С. Кавушевская, Т. А. Синюкова, and Е. А. Кривых. "Pathological processes in metabolic syndrome as possible targets for therapeutic intervention." Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal «Patogenez», no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25557/2310-0435.2022.01.4-13.
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В обзоре приведены современные представления об эпидемиологии, механизмах развития и подходах к патогенетической терапии метаболического синдрома. Рассмотрено значение ожирения, дислипидемий, нарушений обмена глюкозы и инсулинорезистентности в патогенезе этого синдрома. Также приведены доказательства важной роли изменений процессов аутофагии в механизме развития метаболического синдрома, раскрыто значение метаболомных исследований для описания вариантов молекулярных экспрессий при данном синдроме. Отмечена взаимосвязь нарушений кишечной микробиоты и риском развития метаболического синдрома. Рассмотрены возможности коррекции основных компонентов метаболического синдрома и варианты терапевтических вмешательств, в том числе вторичных желчных кислот (например, дезоксихолевая кислота - как предполагаемых активаторов рецепторов FXR (Farnesoid X receptor) и TGR5 (Takeda G-protein receptor-5)) и природных полифенолов (экстракты плодов черники обыкновенной (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) клюквы обыкновенной (Vaccinium oxycoccos L.), брусники обыкновенной (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) и голубики обыкновенной (Vaccínium uliginósum)). The review presents modern ideas about the epidemiology, development mechanisms, and approaches to pathogenetic therapy of metabolic syndrome. The importance of obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose metabolism disorders, and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome is addressed. Evidence for a major role of changes in autophagy processes in the mechanism of metabolic syndrome development is also presented. The authors elucidated the significance of metabolomic studies for describing molecular expression variants in this syndrome. The relationship between disorders of the intestinal microbiota and the risk of developing metabolic syndrome was noted. Possibilities for correcting main components of metabolic syndrome and options for therapeutic interventions are discussed. These treatments include secondary bile acids (for example, deoxycholic acid) as activators of FXR (Farnesoid X receptor) and TGR5 (Takeda G-protein receptor-5), and natural polyphenols (fruit extracts of blueberry Vaccinium myrtillus L., cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos L., cowberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea, and blueberry Vaccinium uliginosum).
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Fröborg, Heléne. "Pollination and seed production in five boreal species of Vaccnium and Andromeda (Ericaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 9 (September 1, 1996): 1363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-165.
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Using experimental manipulations, I examined if pollen quality affected fruit and seed production in five ericaceous understory shrubs in a coniferous forest in central Sweden. Flowers of Vaccinium myrtillus L., Vaccinium uliginosum L., Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., Vaccinium oxycoccos Gil., and Andromeda polifolia L. were (treatment 1) open-pollinated, (treatment 2) bagged without further treatment, (treatment 3) bagged and self-pollinated, (treatment 4) cross-pollinated with pollen from neighbouring plants, or (treatment 5) supplied with pollen from distant plants. Finally, flowers were (treatment 6) open-pollinated with a supply of extra pollen of distant origin. To investigate pollen or resource limitations to fruit and seed production, V. vitis-idaea was subjected to partial flower removal followed by open- and hand-pollination. Fruit and seed set were estimated for each treatment. The main conclusion is that natural levels of outcrossing are sufficiently high for full seed production and that the availability of pollen is not limiting in natural habitats. There were significant reductions in fruit and seed set after self-pollination in V. myrtillus. Fruit set was reduced in V. vitis-idaea, and V. uliginosum failed to set fruit after self-pollination. Self-pollination caused a decreased seed set in A. polifolia. There was no significant variation across treatments in V. oxycoccos. Since fruits tend to develop regardless of seed number, resources are likely to limit seed production in species with costly fruits. Keywords: self-fertility, pollination, Vaccinium, fruit set, seed set.
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Toomik, Peeter, Tõnu Püssa, and Ain Raal. "Variability of Procyanidin type A- and -B Trimers Content in Aerial Parts of Some Vaccinium Species and Cultivars." Natural Product Communications 9, no. 6 (June 2014): 1934578X1400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400900621.
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Based on the ethnopharmacological data showing that either wild bilberry leaves or whole aerial parts of the plants have been used as antidiabetic drugs, it can be hypothesized that the controversial results of various clinical and animal investigations may be caused by different contents of the active principles in different aerial parts of the bilberry/blueberry ( Vaccinium spp.) plants, as well as by their geographical and seasonal variability. The aim of this study was to compare the content of procyanidin type A- and -B trimers in different parts of wild bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and northern highbush blueberry ( V. corymbosum L.) cultivars. Stems (60 samples) and leaves (30 samples) of wild bilberries and northern highbush blueberry cultivars ‘Ama’ and ‘North Blue’ were collected at different locations in Estonia around the year, and analyzed for the concentration of the target polyphenols by HPLC-MS/MS. The highest content of type A doubly linked trimer, a known antidiabetic substance, was established in the stems of V. myrtillus. These contained up to 100 times more of the active substance than the leaves of V. myrtillus and at least 1000 times more than the leaves of V. corymbosum, whereas the seasonal/geographical variation was nearly tenfold. We suggest using stems of V. myrtillus for future animal and clinical investigations of bilberry preparations against diabetes.
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Zagayko, Andriy L., Tetiana Ye Kolisnyk, Olena I. Chumak, Olena A. Ruban, and Oleh M. Koshovyi. "Evaluation of anti-obesity and lipid-lowering properties of Vaccinium myrtillus leaves powder extract in a hamster model." Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology 29, no. 6 (November 27, 2018): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0161.
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Abstract Background Vaccinium myrtillus leaves are known to be rich in phenols and have been used in traditional medicine as an antidiabetic remedy. This study evaluated the powder extract of V. myrtillus leaves obtained with the use of L-arginine and myo-inositol for anti-obesity and lipid-lowering potential in hamsters. Methods Standard phytochemical methods were used to determine the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the extract. The obesity condition was induced in Syrian hamsters by feeding them with highly palatable fat- and sugar-rich diet (40.3 kcal% fat) for 12 weeks. From the 10th week of diet feeding, the obese hamsters were treated with the powder extract of V. myrtillus leaves (15, 25 and 35 mg/kg/day, respectively) and “Styfimol” (6.2 mg/kg/day of hydroxycitric acid) as a positive control drug. At the end of the treatment period, the biochemical parameters as well as visceral fat mass were determined. Results Vaccinium myrtillus leaves powder extract at 25 and 35 mg/kg/day caused a significant reduction in body weight gain and visceral fat mass in obese hamsters. Serum triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were also significantly lower. Besides, the hamsters treated with powder extract at 25 and 35 mg/kg/day had the closest intact value ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and LDL-C compared with positive control animals. Conclusions The results showed that V. myrtillus leaves powder extract is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity and obesity-induced diseases.
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Tundis, Rosa, Maria C. Tenuta, Monica R. Loizzo, Marco Bonesi, Federica Finetti, Lorenza Trabalzini, and Brigitte Deguin. "Vaccinium Species (Ericaceae): From Chemical Composition to Bio-Functional Activities." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 5655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125655.
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The genus Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae) includes more than 450 species, which mainly grow in cooler areas of the northern hemisphere. Vaccinium species have been used in traditional medicine of different cultures and the berries are widely consumed as food. Indeed, Vaccinium supplement-based herbal medicine and functional food, mainly from V. myrtillus and V. macrocarpon, are used in Europe and North America. Biological studies support traditional uses since, for many Vaccinium components, important biological functions have been described, including antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and endothelium protective activities. Vaccinium components, such as polyphenols, anthocyanins and flavonoids, are widely recognized as modulators of cellular pathways involved in pathological conditions, thus indicating that Vaccinium may be an important source of bioactive molecules. This review aims to better describe the bioactivity of Vaccinium species, focusing on anti-inflammatory and endothelial protective cellular pathways, modulated by their components, to better understand their importance for public health.
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Može, Špela, Tomaž Polak, Lea Gašperlin, Darinka Koron, Andreja Vanzo, Nataša Poklar Ulrih, and Veronika Abram. "Phenolics in Slovenian Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59, no. 13 (July 13, 2011): 6998–7004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf200765n.
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Savych, Alona, Roksolana Basaraba, Nataliіa Muzyka, and Pavlina Ilashchuk. "Analysis of fatty acid composition content in the plant components of antidiabetic herbal mixture by GC-MS." Pharmacia 68, no. 2 (May 20, 2021): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e66693.
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Medical plants and their combinations due to the wide range of biologically active substances can influence on various links of the pathogenetic mechanism of development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. One of such combinations is an anidiabetic herbal mixture (Urtica dioica L. leaf, Rosa majalis L. fruits, Vaccinium myrtillus L. leaf, Mentha piperita L. herb and Taraxacum officinale L. roots) with established hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, pancreatoprotective activity in previous pharmacological study in vivo. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify and establish the fatty acid content in the plant components of antidiabetic herbal mixture. Fatty acids were separated by validated method of of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after conversion into methyl esters. The result showed that Urtica dioica L. leaf and Vaccinium myrtillus L. leaf contain 12 fatty acids (8 saturated, 2 monounsaturated and 2 polyunsaturated), Rosa majalis L. fruits and Taraxacum officinale L. roots – 13 fatty acids (9 saturated, 2 monounsaturated and 2 polyunsaturated) and Mentha piperita L. herb – 14 fatty acids (10 saturated, 2 monounsaturated and 2 polyunsaturated). The predominant long-chain carboxylic acids in all plant raw materials were unsaturated fatty acids, their content was 55.3% in Urtica dioica L. leaf, 64.7% in Rosa majalis L. fruits, 60.5% in Vaccinium myrtillus L. leaf, 64.3% in Mentha piperita L. herb and 51.7% in Taraxacum officinale L. roots. This indicates the feasibility of including each component in the antidiabetic herbal mixture in order to form anticholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective activity, due to the high content of omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 fatty acids.
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Thanh Hang, Nguyen Thi, Nguyen Thi Phuong Hoang, Dinh Van Khiem, and Phan Xuan Huyen. "Study on in vitro propagation of \(\textit{Vaccinium myrtillus}\) Linn. via nodal culture method." Academia Journal of Biology 44, no. 2 (June 23, 2022): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2615-9023/16546.
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Vaccinium myrtillus Linn. is an imported fruit tree with high economic value. Currently, in Vietnam there has not been any publication on in vitro propagation of the blueberry plant. This study is focused on in vitro propagation of V. myrtillus by nodal culture. The results showed that in vitro shoot growth and proliferation were the best when nodes were cultured on WPM medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L zeatin, 30 g/L sucrose, 10 g/L agar, pH 5.8 (shoot height 4.24 cm, 1 shoot/explant, 8.60 nodes/shoot). The third nodes to sixth nodes proved to be suitable materials for in vitro propagation of V. myrtillus. The proliferation and growth of shoots on the medium without activated charcoal (plant height 3.92 cm, 1 shoot/explant, 8.60 nodes/shoot) were better than those grown on the medium supplemented with 1 g/L of activated charcoal (plant height 3.64 cm, 1 shoot/explant, 7.90 nodes/shoot). For the in vitro rooting stage, the WPM medium containing 1.0 mg/L IBA, 30 g/L sucrose, 10 g/L agar, pH 5.8 resulted in plant height 5.49 cm, root length 1.42 cm, root formation rate 100%. After transferring the cultivated-tissue Vaccinium myrtillus to the greenhouse, substrate with coconut fibre powder, the results were observed to be plant height 6.94 cm, root length 3.18 cm, survival rate 95%. The plantlet growth increased overtime after 4 months in the greenhouse.
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Powell, E. Ann, and S. P. Vander Kloet. "Foliar venation characteristics of Vaccinium sect. Macropelma and sect. Myrtillus (Ericaceae): a comparative analysis." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 11 (November 1, 1997): 2015–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-913.
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A suite of eight foliar venation characteristics from two closely related sections of Vaccinium L., sect. Macropelma Klotzsch and sect. Myrtillus Dumortier, were analyzed to assess the level of similarity between these sister sections, address the questionable classification of Vaccinium cereum (L.f) Forster, and assess the diagnostic ability of venation characteristics. Our analysis revealed no significant differences in foliar venation characteristics between V. cereum and the Hawaiian species from sect. Macropelma. In addition, all the leaves of V. cereum examined contained the attenuated extended bundle sheath system as found in other representatives from sect. Macropelma. Taximetric analysis showed that these quantitative foliar venation characters were diagnostic at the sectional level but not at the species level. A cluster analysis of 108 operational taxonomic units did separate the two sections but did not discriminate among the 12 individual species. However, a similar taximetric analysis using the character means for each species (for the eight foliar characters), which "smoothed out" the variation due to environmental plasticity, produced a dendrogram which closely resembled the currently accepted Vaccinium classification. Although further investigations into the constancy and reliability of foliar venation characters in the remaining sections of Vaccinium are desirable, our results clearly show that these quantitative vegetative foliar characters do have diagnostic value and can be utilized in taximetric analyses. Key words: Vaccinium, venation, leaf, systematics.
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Sharma, Anshul, and Hae-Jeung Lee. "Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.)." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 44, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 4570–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb44100313.
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Inflammation is important in the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases. The anti-inflammatory properties of berries have been investigated but the anti-inflammatory activity of bilberry has received little attention and a detailed review is yet to be published. Therefore, we compiled information on the phytochemicals of bilberry and preclinical and clinical studies of its anti-inflammatory properties. The review was based on studies from 2007 to date. Phytoconstituents of bilberries were phenolic acids, organic acids, anthocyanins, coumarins, flavonols, flavanols, tannins, terpenoids, and volatile chemicals. Data from cell and animal model studies show that bilberry has an anti-inflammatory effect by lowering tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β expression, inducing nitric oxide synthases and cyclooxygenases, and altering the nuclear factor kappa B and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways. Bilberry supplementation as fruits (frozen, processed, and whole), juices, and anthocyanins reduced levels of inflammatory markers in most clinical studies of metabolic disorders. Therefore, bilberry may be useful for the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Faria, Ana, Joana Oliveira, Patrícia Neves, Paula Gameiro, Celestino Santos-Buelga, Victor de Freitas, and Nuno Mateus. "Antioxidant Properties of Prepared Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) Extracts." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53, no. 17 (August 2005): 6896–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0511300.
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Matsunaga, Nozomu, Yuichi Chikaraishi, Masamitsu Shimazawa, Shigeru Yokota, and Hideaki Hara. "Vaccinium myrtillus(Bilberry) Extracts Reduce AngiogenesisIn VitroandIn Vivo." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 7, no. 1 (2010): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nem151.
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Vaccinium myrtillus(Bilberry) extracts (VME) were tested for effects on angiogenesisin vitroandin vivo. VME (0.3–30 µg ml−1) and GM6001 (0.1–100 µM; a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor) concentration-dependently inhibited both tube formation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). In addition, VME inhibited VEGF-A-induced proliferation of HUVECs. VME inhibited VEGF-A-induced phosphorylations of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and serine/threonine protein kinase family protein kinase B (Akt), but not that of phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ). In anin vivoassay, intravitreal administration of VME inhibited the formation of neovascular tufts during oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice. Thus, VME inhibited angiogenesis bothin vitroandin vivo, presumably by inhibiting the phosphorylations of ERK 1/2 and Akt. These findings indicate that VME may be effective against retinal diseases involving angiogenesis, providing it can reach the retina after its administration. Further investigations will be needed to clarify the major angiogenesis-modulating constituent(s) of VME.
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Szakiel, Anna, Cezary Pączkowski, Karolina Farys, and Wirginia Janiszowska. "Triterpenoid content of Vaccinium myrtillus stem cuticular waxes." Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 164 (August 2011): S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.05.052.
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Ganthaler, Andrea, and Stefan Mayr. "Dwarf shrub hydraulics: two Vaccinium species ( Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis‐idaea ) of the European Alps compared." Physiologia Plantarum 155, no. 4 (March 4, 2015): 424–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12333.
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Staritsyn, V., and V. Belyaev. "Productivity and Vitamin C Content in Blueberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus L.) and Cow-berry (Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea L.) in the Plesetsk Tectonic Centre." Bulletin of Higher Educational Institutions. Lesnoi Zhurnal (Forestry journal) 343, no. 1 (February 2015): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn0536-1036.2015.1.78.
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Kamelchuk, Ya S., O. Yu Baranov, P. S. Kiryanov, and V. E. Padutov. "Morphological-cultural and molecular genetic features of collection strains of mycoris mushrooms Phialocephala fortinii and Pezicula sp." Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus 64, no. 5 (November 5, 2020): 567–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8323-2020-64-5-567-573.
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A metagenomic analysis of the endophytic microflora of Vaccinium corymbosum L. and Vaccinium myrtillus L. root systems was carried out. Two dominant species of micromycetes forming ericoid mycorrhiza were identified - Phialocephala fortinii C. J. K. Wang & H. E. Wilcox and Pezicula sp. Tul. & C. Tul. Pure cultures of mycorrhizal fungi were prepared, a comprehensive morphological and genetic assay of the strains was carried out. Based on the results of genetic-taxonomic analysis, the assumption of the polyphyletic origin of species belonging to Phialocephala and Pezicula is confirmed.
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Czuchajowska, Zuzanna. "Seasonal changes of pH and buffer capacity of aqueous homogenates of Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Vaccinium myrtillus leaves." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 48, no. 1 (2015): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1979.003.
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The newly formed leaves of both <i>Vaccinium</i> species show in June and July the lowest pH values, 3.4-3.7, which gradually increase up to 4.6 in November. The bi- and triennial leaves of <i>Vaccinium vitis-idaea</i> are less acid and show much morę limited seasonal decrease of acidity. The buffer capacity against acid of the current year leaves ,of the two species shows in summer a high level of values (a constant one for <i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i>), It decreases in autumn to achieve that of bi- and triennial leaves of <i>Vaccinium vitis-idaea</i>. The buffer capacity values are influenced to a limited extent by the increase in air-pollution, much smaller than that noticed for Pinus silvestris co-existing with <i>Vaccinium</i> in the same ecosystems.
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Stravinskienė, Vida. "POLLUTION OF “AKMENĖS CEMENTAS” VICINITY: ALKALIZING MICROELEMENTS IN SOIL, COMPOSITION OF VEGETATION SPECIES AND PROJECTION COVERAGE / ”AKMENĖS CEMENTO“ APLINKOS TARŠA. DIRVOŽEMĮ ŠARMINANTYS MIKROELEMENTAI, AUGALIJOS RŪŠIŲ Į VAIROVĖ IR PROJEKCINIS PADENGIMAS / ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЕ ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ ЗАВОДА «АКМЯНЕС ЦЕМЕНТАС»: ПОДЩЕЛАЧИВАЮЩИЕ МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТЫ В ПОЧВЕ, ВИДОВОЙ СОСТАВ И ПРОЕКТНОЕ ПОКРЫТИЕ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОСТИ." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 19, no. 2 (June 28, 2011): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2011.579449.
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The article presents the results of the research pertaining to forest litter and the composition of peat topsoil microelements, as well as the composition and projection coverage of undergrowth, herbaceous and bryophyte species specific to the vicinity of the cement factory “Akmenes cementas” are presented. Increased amounts of strontium, barium, titanium, manganese, copper, chromium, nickel and boron in forest litter and the upper 10 cm peat layer (up to 6 km from the pollution source) were established. 53 plant species were observed. The greater part (75–81%) of them are vascular plants. It was indicated that the diversity of vegetation species at different distances (0.5–1.0, 3.0–3.5 and 5.5–6.0 km) from the pollution source varies. Species of broadleaved trees and shrubs (Quercus robur L., Betula pendula Roth., Frangula alnus Mill., Corylus avellana L.), resistant to the impact of alkaline dust, are more outspread near the pollution source. Nearby the pollution source (0.5–1.0 km), Campylium stellatum Lange and Campylium sommerfeltii Lange, were found. At the farthest distances from the plant, the typical for Myrtillo-oxalidosa site type moss Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp., Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus (Hedw.) Warnst, and herbs Epilobium palustre L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Moehringia trinervia (L.) Clairv. were observed. Total coverage of vegetation species varied from 35.5±1.9% at the closest to the pollution source distance to 19.6±2.1% at the 3.0–3.5 km distance. It is significantly (p;<;0.05) less in comparison to the control (51.9±2.2%). The greatest part (43–72%) of the coverage in different squares of the vegetation study consisted of herbs and undergrowth plants. Santrauka Pateikami miško paklotės ir durpinio dirvožemio mikroelementinės sudėties, trako augalų , žolių bei samanų rūšių į vairovės bei projekcinio padengimo ”Akmenės cemento“ aplinkoje tyrimų rezultatai. Nustatyta, kad dėl cemento dulkių nusėdimo miško paklotėje ir durpėse (iki 6 km atstumu nuo gamyklos) yra padidėjęs mikroelementų (stroncio, bario, titano, mangano ir nikelio, chromo, vario, boro) kiekis; dėl cemento dulkių ir pelenų emisijos dirvožemis šarmejo. šis procesas lėmė augalijos rūšių sudėties skirtumus 0,5–1,0, 3,0–3,5 ir 5,5–6,0 kilometrų atstumu nuo gamyklos. Aptiktos 53 augalų rūšys; daugumą (75–81%) jų sudaro induočiai augalai. Arčiausiai (0,5–1,0 km) gamyklos gausiau išplitę šarminėms dulkėms atsparūs Quercus robur L., Betula pendula Roth., Frangula alnus Mill., Corylus avellana L. bei kalcifilinės žolės Campylium stellatum(Hedw.) Lange et C.E.O. Jensen, Campylium sommerfeltii (Myrin) Lange. Toliau nuo gamyklos randamos durpiniam mėlyngiriui būdingos samanos Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. ir Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus (Hedw.) Warnst.; gausėja šiam miško tipui būdingų žolių rūšių : Epilobium palustre L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Moehringia trinervia (L.) Clairv. Augalų rūšių projekcinis padengimas kinta nuo 35,5±1,9% (arčiausiai gamyklos) iki 19,6±2,2% 3,0–3,5 km atstumu nuo gamyklos, t. y.patikimai (p<0,05) mažiau už kontrolę (51,9±2,2%). Didžią ją dalį (43–72%) augalijos projekcinio padengimo sudaro žoliniai ir trako sumedėję augalai. Резюме Представлены результаты исследования состава микроэлементов в лесной подстилке и верхнем слое торфа, видового состава и проектного покрытия подлеска, трав и мхов в окружающей среде цементного завода «Акмянес цементас». Установлено увеличенное количество микроэлементов (стронция, бария, титана, марганца, свинца, хрома, никеля, бора) в лесной подстилке и верхнем (10 см) слое торфа на расстоянии до 6 км от завода. Обнаружено 53 вида растений, большую часть (75–81 %) которых составляют сосудистые растения. Разнообразие растительных видов на разном (0,5–1,0, 3,0–3,5 и 5,5–6,0 км) расстоянии от источника загрязнения меняется. Устойчивые к воздействию подщелачивающей пыли лиственные подлеска Corylus avellana L., Quercus robur L., Frangula alnus Mill., Betula pendula Roth распространены вблизи источника загрязнения. Там же найдены виды, характерные для более плодородных типов леса: Rubus idaeus L., Rubus caesius L., Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop, Poaceae травы. На более удаленном от завода расстоянии (5,5–6,0 км) найдены характерные для леса типа Myrtillo-oxalidosa мхи Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. и Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus(Hedw.) Warnst. Увеличено число видов трав, характерных для этого типа леса: Epilobium palustre L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Moehringia trinervia (L.) Clairv. Среднее проектное покрытие наземной растительности меняется от 35,5±1,9 % (вблизи завода) до 19,6±2,2 % на расстоянии 3,0–3,5 км от завода. Это достоверно (р < 0,05) ниже контрольных данных. Большую часть (43–72 %) составляет покрытие травянистых растений и подлеска.
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Bellová, Renata, Dana Blahútová, Eva Culková, Peter Kubatka, and Peter Tomčík. "Determination of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content in Small Berries." American Biology Teacher 83, no. 9 (November 2021): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2021.83.9.579.
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The authors of this article applied the determination of phenolic and flavonoid content in small berries to create a didactic cycle based on student-centered active learning (SCAL) in which students actively participated in the topic while studying and profile-forming as future biology and chemistry teachers. The fundamental part of the proposed didactic cycle is that students solve the following task: Determine the phenolic and flavonoid content in berries (Vaccinium myrtillus L., Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., and Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in your region. The submitted interdisciplinary topic is relevant to everyday life, and it aroused interest and enthusiasm among students. The students had the opportunity to test their theoretical knowledge in practical experimental research, and they attempted to work as researchers.