Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vaccine'
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Piquart, François. "Les vaccins recombinants : données actuelles." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P110.
Full textDa, Silva Pissarra Joana. "Development of a multi-epitope peptide vaccine against human leishmaniases." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT013/document.
Full textLeishmaniasis is a vector-borne neglected tropical disease endemic to 98 countries worldwide. Twenty Leishmania species are capable of establishing intracellular infection within human macrophages, causing different clinical presentations. Vaccine development against leishmaniases is supported by evidence of natural immunity against infection, mediated by a dominant cellular Th1 response and production of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α by polyfunctional TCD4+ and TCD8+ cells, ultimately leading to macrophage activation and parasite killing.Excreted-secreted proteins are important virulence factors present throughout Leishmania life stages and are able to induce durable protection in dogs, a good model for human infection. We aim to develop a second generation vaccine from the Leishmania secretome, with the potential for large scale dissemination in a cost-effective, reproducible approach.The secretome of six main pathogenic species (plus L. tarentolae) was analysed by Mass-Spectrometry and conserved candidate antigens were searched in the complete dataset. A total of 52 vaccine antigen candidates were selected, including 28 previously described vaccine candidates, and an additional 24 new candidates discovered through a reverse vaccinology approach.In silico HLA-I and –II epitope binding prediction analysis was performed on all selected vaccine antigens, with world coverage regarding HLA restriction. To select the best epitopes, an automated R script was developed in-house, according to strict rational criteria. From thousands of potential epitopes, the automated script, in combination with optimal IC50, homology to host and solubility properties, allowed us to select 50 class I and 24 class II epitopes, synthesized as individual peptides. In vitro toxicity assays showed these selected peptides are non-toxic to cells.The peptides’ immunogenicity was evaluated using immunoscreening assays with immune cells from human donors, allowing for the validation of in silico epitope predictions and selection, and the assessment of the peptide’s immunogenicity and prophylactic potential. Healed individuals, which had active infection and received treatment, possess Leishmania-specific memory responses and are resistant to reinfection, being considered the gold standard of protective immunity. On the other hand, the naive population is extremely important to include in the experimental validation step since it is the target population to vaccinate with a prophylactic vaccine. Importantly, a minimum specific T-cell precursor frequency is needed to induce long-lasting memory protective responses. Furthermore, there is also a positive correlation between immunodominant epitopes and a high frequency of specific T-cell precursors. Peptides able to induce Th1 and/or cytotoxic immune responses in both background are promising candidates for a vaccine formulation. Altogether,experimental validation exclusively in human samples will provide us a very strong base for a vaccine formulation and allow to accelerate translation to the field.Results show Leishmania-specific peptides successfully induce IFN-γ production by total PBMC from healed donors, and by specific T cells amplified from the naïve repertoire. Preliminary evidence exists for peptides which are immunogenic in both immune backgrounds (eight HLA-class I 9-mer peptides and five class II 15-mer peptides) which are, for now, the most promising candidates to advance for the multi-epitope peptide design.Through the combination of proteomic analysis and in silico tools, promising peptide candidates were swiftly identified and the secretome was further established as an optimal starting point for vaccine development. The proposed vaccine preclinical development pipeline delivered a rapid selection of immunogenic peptides, providing a powerful approach to fast-track the deployment of an effective pan-specific vaccine against Leishmaniases
Gayet, Rémi. "Impact de la réponse IgA dans une nouvelle stratégie de vaccination muqueuse contre Salmonella et dans la régulation de la réponse adaptative." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES015/document.
Full textThe enterobacteria Salmonella species are divided into several serovars such as Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Typhi and Paratyphi which are the major causative agents of either gastroenteritis or typhoid fever. They are responsible for more than 90 million cases and 400 000 deaths each year. The increase in multi-drug resistant strains requires the implementation of prophylactic mucosal vaccines. Besides, the intestinal environment is characterized by a balance between immune tolerance and inflammatory response tightly regulated by secretory immunoglobulins (Ig) A. Mucosal IgA are mainly dimeric, serum IgA monomeric and two IgA isotypes have been described in humans: IgA1 and IgA2. We firstly explored the functions of the different isotypes and isoforms of human IgA. We pointed out a pro-inflammatory role of IgA2 whereas IgA1 rather oriented the immunity towards an anti-inflammatory response. We have also highlighted both the regulation of IgA receptors expression by IgA and an IgA/CD8 cytotoxic T cells axis. We also designed a multivalent vaccine against Salmonella by coupling two antigens – SseB and OmpC – to secretory Ig. We pointed out solid specific humoral and cellular responses against both these antigens coupled to either IgA or IgM after intra-nasal immunization in mucosal but also systemic compartments. We have also demonstrated the possibility to preserve and increase the antigen immunogenicity with a multivalent vaccine. This thesis thus paves the way for new secretory Ig-vectorized mucosal vaccines. In addition, the immune response could be modulated through the chosen isotype or isoform and the differences in immune activation generated by structural changes in IgA could shed some light on their role in mucosal homeostasis
Grubb, Kimberley L. "A genomic approach to the identification of novel malaria vaccine antigens /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98715.
Full textAtcheson, Erwan. "Prospects for enhancing malaria vaccine efficacy by combining pre-erythrocytic antigens." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6506c003-7065-4d48-b049-f5e9136443d5.
Full textZaza, Amélie. "Développement de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques dans la lutte contre les infections à arénavius : vaccination et immunothérapie passive." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1013.
Full textThe Arenaviridae family comprises seven viruses responsible for human hemorrhagic fevers. These viruses represent a natural threat to the local populations, healthcare workers and scientists, as well as to the French forces deployed in the regions where these viruses are endemic. This viral threat can also be intentional in case of a bioterrorist attack. Human hemorrhagic fevers caused by arenaviruses are relatively rare and the first symptoms, frequently non-specific, are often confused with more common diseases such as malaria. Therefore, their diagnosis is delayed, which reduces the efficacy of ribavirin, the only etiological treatment currently recommended. ln this context, the development of prophylactic treatments, such as the Candid #1 vaccine targeting the Junin arenavirus, are an interesting alternative. The first strategy developed in this work to produce a vaccine candidate relied on the attenuation of the virus of interest by targeting a key stage of its replication. We chose the egress step, in which the main actor is the Z protein. This work was conducted using the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). We therefore designed a reverse genetic system, and replaced the Z gene by the fluorescent protein eGFP reporter gene. Surprisingly, during its cellular infection, a progeny was detected in absence of the Z protein trans-complementation although the titer remained very low. ln this infectious model, we further identified late motifs in the nucleoprotein genome, comparable to those known in the Z protein. These NP late motifs seemed to play an essential role in the compensation of the absence of the Z protein. Similar results were observed using two others arenaviruses of medical importance, the Lassa and Machupo viruses, responsible of human hemorrhagic fevers. The strong diminution of the resulting vaccine candidate replication suggests that this strategy would render safe enough BSL-4 viruses to be used as a multivalent vaccine platform in humans. A complementary approach has been studied in this work. ln order to develop an emergency treatment, based on the production of highly purified F(ab')2 equine immunoglobulins, according to the Fab'entech technology. Two preliminary studies were carried out. The first one consisted in the study of the replication of arenaviruses in circulating horse's white blood cells. The second tested the specifications of attenuated viral particles that could be used as an antigen source to produce the F(ab')2 under good manufacturing practices. Another vaccine strategy was developed using the previously described duplication of the LCMV S genomic small segment in order to produce a tri-segmented recombinant virus. This genetic modification, known to attenuate the LCMV virus pathogenicity, allows the expression of two genes of interest. This strategy has been applied onto the South American Machupo virus, responsible for hemorrhagic fevers in Bolivia. A recombinant Machupo virus was designed to express the truncated glycoproteins of the Chapare and Guanarito viruses, two other New World mammarenaviruses responsible of human hemorrhagic fevers. This vaccine candidate was characterized in cell culture, and showed a 50% post-exposure protective effect in the animal model used. Taken together this work led to the development of two vaccine strategies and to the identification of a promising source of antigens to be used to produce highly purified F(ab')2 polyclonal immunoglobulin, which is the first step to the development of an emergency treatment
Pifferi, Carlo. "Design and synthesis of multivalent glycoconjugates for anti-cancer immunotherapy." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV060/document.
Full textCancer is one on the leading causes of death in developed countries; although surgical resection, direct irradiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy represent nowadays the main treatment options for patients suffering with malignancies, their severe side effects paved the way for the rise in popularity of antitumoral immunotherapy. Apart from passive immunotherapy, which is comprised of antibodies or other immune system components that are made outside of the body and has been shown to be associated to potentially life threatening immune reactions, we focused our efforts towards active immunotherapy, which purpose is stimulate the patient immune system to selectively eradicate malignant cells. The identification of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) on the surface of cancer cells has allowed the development of antigen-specific vaccines. It has been known for over four decades that the majority of human cancers are characterized by aberrant glycosylation. Tumor cells may over-express truncated versions of oligosaccharides, unusual terminal oligosaccharide sequences, or increase sialylation of cell-surface glycolipids and O- and N-linked glycoproteins. A truncated oligosaccharide of a glycoprotein may render a part of the peptide backbone, which is normally shielded by the glycan, more accessible to the immune system. Among the assortment of TACAs we focussed our attention on Tn and TF-antigens, which can be found in membrane-bound glycoproteins like MUC-1, over-expressed in more than 90% of breast carcinomas. Although the design of such immuno-modulators still relies on empiric rules, it is noteworthy important to trigger both humoral and cellular responses, and a memory effect. This challenge can be achieved by combining, within a single molecule, carbohydrate antigen expressed on the surface of tumors (B-cell epitope), peptides capable to stimulate both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells (T-cell epitopes) and an adjuvant, to gather immune system elements in the injection site and boost the antigen uptake. Previous studies of our research group reported for the first time the synthesis and immunological evaluation of a four-component anticancer vaccine prototype capable of inducing a long-lasting immune response in mice models. In my PhD work we aimed to synthesize TACA-based anticancer vaccine prototypes with improved immunological properties. The principles which guided our design strategies rely on (i) the importance of a high density of carbohydrate epitopes to promote a more effective antigen capture and processing by antigen-presenting cells, and (ii) the evidence of heterogenic expression patterns of TACAs during the course of the disease and among different individuals. Addressing these two aspects would provide a stronger and multifaceted immune response
Dunachie, Susanna Jane. "Malaria vaccines and microarrays : clinical and laboratory evaluation of two vaccine regimens." Thesis, Open University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446277.
Full textBOEHNER, CONSTANCE WILLIAMS. "FACTORS AFFECTING STD VACCINE ACCEPTANCE IN COLLEGE STUDENTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1014411621.
Full textHughson, M. D. "Micro-scale vaccine bioprocessing of a Japanese Encephalitis Virus vaccine." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1427445/.
Full textKhan, Tila. "Tailored influenza virus vaccines for both the young and old: Vaccine Efficacy of Whole Inactivated Vaccines bearing Immunomodulatory Adjuvants or Multimeric peptides." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77130.
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Blignaut, Belinda. "Improved vaccines for foot-and-mouth disease control : evaluation of a chimera-derived FMD vaccine in relation to a current SAT type vaccine." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30806.
Full textThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Microbiology and Plant Pathology
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Genard, Romain. "Rôle du facteur de transcription Nrf2 dans l'immunomodulation induit par les adjuvants vaccinaux." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS230/document.
Full textVaccine adjuvants are able to boost immune response toward antigens when there are simultaneously injected. Some of these adjuvant mimic danger signals, such as Toll like receptors (TLR) agonists or NOD-like receptors agonists, required for dendritic cell (DC) activation. DC are essentiales for adaptative immune response against antigens : they acquire mature phenotype, controlled by MAPK and NF-kB signaling pathway, leading to antigen presentation and specific immune response. The Nrf2/keap1 signaling pathway, mainly involves in xenobiotics detoxication and oxidative stress control, can be activate by TLR agonists, such as LPS (TLR 4 agonist).We showed that R848 (TLR 7/8 agonist) and MDP (NOD2 agonist) could induce Nrf2’s target genes transcription in murines dendritic cells (BMDC). Nrf2 seems also to be part of inflammatory cytokines production in response to LPS or R848 and modulated T lymphocyte proliferation induced by MDP pre-treated BMDC. Moreover, Nrf2 appears to play a role in specific antibodies response against an antigen in mice. . In fact, Tetanus toxoid (TT) injection induces higher titer of antibodies anti-TT in nrf2-/- mice compared to nrf2+/+ mice. This increase is also correlated with more specific B lymphocytes in bone marrow and spleen after TT immunisation
Rainczuk, Adam 1976. "Evaluation of DNA vaccine targeting strategies and expression library immunisation against lethal erythrocytic stage Malaria." Monash University, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5685.
Full textJoseph, Karen T. "Vaccination in a Private Pediatric Practice." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/214.
Full textChanning, Liezl. "Cost-effectiveness analysis of MVA85 vaccine: a new TB vaccine candidate." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9448.
Full textTuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern. The BCG vaccine is, currently, the only vaccine against TB and, although it provides some protection against disseminated forms of TB, its effectiveness in preventing primary infection and disease progression to pulmonary TB is highly varied. A number of potential new TB vaccine candidates have been identified and are, currently, undergoing clinical trials. One such candidate is MVA85A. This study aims to assess the potential cost-effectiveness of a new TB vaccine, the MVA85A vaccine. The study compares two TB vaccine strategies, from the perspective of the South African Government: i. BCG, given at birth, which is the current standard of care in South Africa; and ii BCG, given at birth, together with a booster vaccine (MVA85A) given at 4 months, which is the potential new strategy. The study employs Decision Analytical Modelling, through the use of a Markov model, to estimate the costs and outcomes of the two strategies. The cumulative costs and outcomes of each intervention are used to calculate the cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) (i.e. the cost per TB case averted and the cost per TB death averted) for each intervention. These two cost-effectiveness ratios are compared using an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), which represents the additional cost per additional benefit received. The results of the cost-effectiveness analysis indicate that the MVA85A strategy is both more costly and more effective – there are fewer TB cases and deaths from TB – than BCG alone. The Government would need to spend an additional USD 1,105 for every additional TB case averted and USD 284,017 for every additional TB death averted. Given the disappointing results of the MVA85A vaccine clinical trial – showing an efficacy of only 17.3%, this study will predominantly contribute to establishing an efficacy threshold for future vaccines. Our research also contributes to the body of knowledge on economic evaluations involving new TB vaccines as - to the best of our knowledge - this is the first cost-effectiveness analysis conducted using trial data involving a novel TB vaccine and providing a direct comparison with BCG vaccination. Furthermore, it provides a standardized Markov model, which is relatively simple to adapt to local settings and, which could be used in the future, to estimate the potential cost-effectiveness of new TB vaccines in children between the ages of 0–10 years.
Rummel, Ebba, and Klara Elverfors. "Föräldrars motiv för tveksamhet till vaccinationer av sina barn : En deskriptiv allmän litteraturstudie med utgångspunkt från kvalitativa studier." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-432468.
Full textBackground: Vaccine is one of the most effective tools to prevent diseases and saves around 1,5 million lives yearly. Despite access to vaccines, some individuals choose to not vaccinate. This phenomenon known as vaccine hesitancy, is one of the ten biggest threats to global public health. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the motives behind parents’ hesitancy to vaccinate their children. Method: A litterature study with a descriptive design was performed. A literature search was conducted using Cinahl and PubMed databases, leading to eleven qualitative studies relevant to the purpose of this study. Travelbee's nursing theory was used as a theoretical model. Results: The results from all articles are presented in six themes: Concerns regarding the vaccine’s safety, Distrust of authorities, Impact of social environment and norms, Natural immunization and disease severity and Healthy lifestyle. Parents questioned the safety of the vaccine and experienced lack of information from authorities. Some were influenced by norms of the society. Multiple parents considered that a natural immunization was preferable to the actual diseases. Several believed that a healthy lifestyle would provide enough protection against the diseases. Conclusion: Parents hesitancy to vaccinate their children are mainly based on an incomplete understanding of the vaccine's safety and effectiveness. The incomplete understanding was due to a lack of information which led parents to worry about the vaccine. The nurse has an important role in taking good action readiness and to ensure that parents are given the conditions to understand the benefit and necessity of the vaccine.
Qazi, Khaleda Rahman. "Heat shock proteins as vaccine adjuvants." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-441.
Full textBusch, Marc Gregory. "Evaluation of different SIV plasmid DNA vaccines : a model for HIV vaccine development /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Full textDe, Cassan Simone. "Towards improved blood-stage malaria vaccines : characterising the underlying immunogenicity of vaccine adjuvants and vectors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711629.
Full textHaile, Melles. "Studies on new tuberculosis vaccine candidates in animal models /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-327-2/.
Full textGarcel, Aude. "Le vaccin antivariolique historique Lister : séquence génomique, diversité phénotypique et neuropathogénicité : perspectives vaccinales." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10282.
Full textThe smallpox constituted a real scourge for humanity until 1980, the year of the declaration of its eradication due to vaccination. The risk of variola virus reemerging as a biological weapon, considering manufacturing conditions, the low population immunity and historical vaccine post-vaccinal complications, make new smallpox vaccines development a necessity. In this paper, the historical Lister strain vaccine study is described as part of the elaboration strategy of a new vaccine coming from this strain. The genomic sequence of this vaccine is determined and described. Its comparison with other vaccinia virus strains underlines the Lister strain singularities. The viral population diversity study as well as the phenotypic and genetic characterization should highlight strategy choice for the development of a new second generation vaccine coming from the Lister strain : a clonal vaccine or a polyclonal one. Finally, the study of the vaccinia virus interaction with the blood-brain barrier demonstrates an increase in permeability due to vaccinia virus endothelial cells infection. Moreover, in vivo studies exhibit the viral entry and replication in the brain, sometimes responsible for critical cerebral reaches. These results suggest the first generation smallpox vaccine neuropathogenesis could have caused deadly post-vaccinal encephalitises, smallpox vaccination complications
Garcel, Aude. "Le vaccin antivariolique historique Lister : séquence génomique, diversité phénotypique et neuropathogénicité : perspectives vaccinales." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198642.
Full textL'objectif du travail de thèse présenté dans ce mémoire est l'étude du vaccin antivariolique historique Lister dans un cadre de stratégie d'élaboration d'un nouveau vaccin issu de cette souche.
La séquence génomique de ce vaccin est déterminée et décrite. Sa comparaison avec d'autres souches de virus de la vaccine met en évidence les singularités de la souche Lister.
Par ailleurs, l'étude de la diversité de la population virale et sa caractérisation phénotypique et génétique devraient permettre d'éclairer le choix de la stratégie pour développer un nouveau vaccin dit de deuxième génération issu de cette souche : vaccin constitué d'un seul clone viral ou vaccin polyclonal.
Enfin, l'étude de l'interaction du virus de la vaccine avec la barrière hémato-encéphalique montre une augmentation de sa perméabilité suite à l'infection des cellules endothéliales par le virus de la vaccine. De plus, des études in vivo mettent en évidence l'entrée et la réplication du virus dans le tissu cérébral, entraînant des atteintes cérébrales parfois mortelles. Ces perspectives permettent d'appréhender la neuropathogénicité du vaccin historique reliée aux encéphalites post-vaccinales, complications létales de la vaccination antivariolique.
Dulal, Pawan. "Investigation of sugar-membrane vaccine stabilisation for improved vaccine thermostability and delivery." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:db56c52c-a320-4cb6-88cc-cab8fbe3d92f.
Full textCoston, Amber Dawn. "Cancer vaccine and therapy." Connect to resource, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/6557.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 23 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 21-23). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
Tsang, King Hei. "Vaccine supply chain optimisation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7545.
Full textLeÌtourneau, Sven C. "HIV-1 vaccine development." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442825.
Full textPywell, Stephanie Mary. "Compensation for vaccine damage." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2001. http://oro.open.ac.uk/43537/.
Full textDicks, Matthew Douglas James. "Novel adenovirus vaccine vectors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:383aaf3d-284a-4bd7-877c-3270bd7c2e4f.
Full textWard, Scott Matthew. "Towards an HCV vaccine /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16402.pdf.
Full textPerna, Andrea. "Investigating Vaccine Hesitancy in Canada: A Quantitative and Qualitative Description of Vaccine Attitudes, Beliefs, and Perceptions of the Seasonal Influenza Vaccine." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34281.
Full textDimier, Julie. "Développement d'un vecteur virus de la vaccine, réplicatif et atténué, pour la vaccination antivariolique et pour la vaccination contre la fièvre hémorragique à virus Ebola." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870840.
Full textIshizuka, Andrew Scott. "Pre-clinical and clinical evaluation of the malaria vaccines RH5-VLP and PfSPZ vaccine." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:521c5ef4-7d77-456f-910e-f1f207c80b8d.
Full textMcIntyre, Peter. "Measuring the public health impact of vaccines: disease burden, vaccine coverage, safety and effectiveness." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26251.
Full textTarcha, Eric J. "Application of Immunoproteomics and Bioinformatics to coccidioidomycosis Vaccinology." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1154441973.
Full textSiebert, Sarah. "Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Knowledge, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Barriers: A College-Based Intervention for Students to Increase Knowledge, Vaccine Intent, and Vaccine Uptake." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27927.
Full textStubbe, Muriel. "Lymphocytes T CD4 et réponses vaccinales: du processus de différenciation à la mémoire immunologique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210593.
Full textPour approcher cette question, nous avons utilisé deux approches expérimentales. La première est un suivi de la différenciation des LT CD4 au cours de la réponse immune primaire chez des sujets vaccinés contre l’hépatite B ;la deuxième est la caractérisation phénotypique et fonctionnelle des LT CD4 mémoires antigène(Ag)-spécifiques pendant la phase d’état. Cette analyse a été réalisée au sein des LT CD4 spécifiques d’Ag vaccinaux, l’Ag de surface du virus de l’hépatite B (HBs) et la toxine tétanique (TT), ainsi que ceux spécifiques des Ag du cytomégalovirus (CMV). Les LT CD4 Ag-spécifiques ont été mis en évidence par cytométrie de flux après marquage intracytoplasmique du ligand du CD40 (CD40L) exprimé en réponse à une stimulation de courte durée par l’Ag. Des expériences basées sur la stimulation par la toxine du syndrome du choc toxique et le marquage du segment Vbeta2 du récepteur des LT ont démontré la bonne sensibilité et spécificité de cette méthode.
Le suivi de la réponse primaire chez 11 donneurs jusqu’à plus d’un an après immunisation par le vaccin anti-hépatite B a permis d’établir un modèle de différenciation des LT CD4 Ag-spécifiques in vivo chez l’homme. Nous avons mis en évidence des LT CD4 spécifiques d’un nombre limité de peptides immunodominants de la protéine HBs suggérant une réponse de type oligoclonale. Grâce à l’utilisation d’un cytomètre neuf couleurs, nous avons mené une analyse détaillée de l’hétérogénéité de la population mémoire HBs-spécifique. L’expression du CCR7 permet de distinguer des cellules de type mémoire centrale (LTCM, CCR7+) et effectrice (LTEM, CCR7-) se distinguant notamment par leur capacité à migrer vers les ganglions lymphatiques ainsi que par leurs propriétés fonctionnelles. Nous avons montré l’existence de ces deux sous-populations au sein des cellules HBs-spécifiques mais par opposition à leur définition initiale, ces LTCM sont capables de produire des cytokines effectrices. La proportion importante de LTCM exprimant le Ki67 témoigne d’une activité proliférative persistante in vivo et suggère la capacité de ces cellules à s’auto-renouveler et éventuellement à alimenter le pool des LTEM. La proportion importante de LTCM exprimant la chaîne alpha du récepteur à l’IL-7 (CD127) suggère que ces cellules sont sensibles aux signaux émanant de l’IL-7, une cytokine dont le rôle dans le maintien de la mémoire lymphocytaire T est connu. Compte tenu de la relevance potentielle de ces caractéristiques uniques pour le développement de vaccins et de l’accumulation de travaux montrant l’avantage sélectif des LTCM à conférer une immunité protectrice, nous avons focalisé la dernière partie de ces recherches sur cette sous-population. Une étude transversale des LTCM spécifiques de plusieurs types d’Ag (éliminés (HBs et TT) ou persistants (CMV)) a été menée. Nos résultats montrent une hétérogénéité, variable selon l’Ag, de la capacité de ces cellules à produire des cytokines effectrices et de leur phénotype de différenciation. Cette donnée nouvelle soulève la possibilité que les LTCM soient hétérogènes dans leur capacité à conférer une immunité protectrice. L’acquisition du marqueur KLRG1 par une fraction des LTCM s’associe à une capacité accrue à produire des cytokines effectrices et à une expression élevée du CD127. La possibilité que ces cellules soient particulièrement aptes à conférer une immunité protectrice et durable est discutée, tout comme les mécanismes menant à leur génération et l’intérêt de ces connaissances pour la conception de nouveaux vaccins.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
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Satti, Iman. "Immunogenicity of anti-leishmaniasis vaccines in man /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-779-7/.
Full textLe, Minh Quan. "Research on nanodelivery systems for nasal vaccine." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S020/document.
Full textNasal administration has great advantage for stimulating the immune system, such as stimulating local and systemic protective immunity. However, delivery systems and adjuvants are often necessary to improve the efficacy of the intranasal vaccine. We applied nanoparticle technology to deliver a universal influenza vaccine via the nasal route in a European FP7 project called UniVacFlu.We evaluated different nanoparticles to search the best nanocarrier for an intranasal vaccine. Here we compared 5 types of nanoparticles with different surface charges (anionic or cationic) and various inner compositions as potential vectors: cationic and anionic liposomes, cationic and anionic PLGA (Poly Lactic co-Glycolic Acid) nanoparticles and zwitterionic maltodextrin nanoparticles (cationic surface with an anionic lipid core: NPL). We first quantified their nasal residence time after nasal administration in mice using in vivo live imaging and NPL showed the longest residence time. In vitro endocytosis on mucosal cells (airway epithelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells) using labeled nanoparticles were performed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Among the 5 nanoparticles, NPL were taken up to the greatest extent by the 3 different cell lines and the endocytosis mechanisms of NPL were characterized. In order to compare different nanoparticles as vaccine carriers, antigen loading and cell delivery were evaluated. In this study, we compared the loading and delivery of labeling ovalbumin with airway mucosa cells (airway epithelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells) by flow cytometry. Our data showed that NPL were the best candidate that can payload with highest amount of protein and eventually the most efficient cellular protein delivery capacity. Taken together, our study revealed that among 5 nanoparticles, NPL were the best nanocarrier that own longer nasal residence time, efficiently uptake and deliver protein into airway epithelium. NPL were then selected as nanocarrier for the UniVac Flu project.The flu antigens CTA1-3M2e-DD and HA were formulated with NPL. The CTA1-3M2e-DD is an adjuvanted antigen composed of the A1 subunit of cholera toxin and a conserved epitope of influenza A virus (M2e), as well as the dimer of the synthetic analogue of Staphylococcus aureus protein A (DD) used to target B cells. To improve antigenic effect, recombinant HA from H1N1 was combined with CTA1-3M2e-DD. These formulations were evaluated in mice by the UniVacFlu consortium. We observed that CTA1-3M2e-DD and HA loaded into NPL could be a promising universal intranasal influenza vaccine
Adedokun, Amos. "Perceptions of Healthcare Workers Toward Influenza Vaccination." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4992.
Full textCassan, Simone de. "Toward improved blood-stage malaria vaccines : characterising the underlying immunogenicity of vaccine adjuvants and vectors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.560918.
Full textBláha, BenjaminA F. "Platform processes for vaccine production : development of a universal influenza vaccine using Pichia pastoris." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10047467/.
Full textDanet, Nicolas. "Molecular characterisation of the recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus- ZEBOV-GP virus, prototype vaccine against Ebola virus." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1009/document.
Full textThe filovirus Ebolavirus (EBOV) is the causative agent of severe viral hemorrhagic fevers in humans that can be lethal in 90% of cases. The current outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the extraordinary scale of the 2014-2016 outbreak in West Africa, that caused the death of more than 11 000 disease victims, lead the international public health agencies to test several therapeutic approach to limit viral spreading and mortality. Amongst those, the recombinant replication-competent rVSV-ZEBOV virus, that expressed EBOV GP glycoprotein, appears to offer the best protection in animal models and outbreak settings. While its effectiveness and safety have been widely investigated before human trials and despite numerous studies that showed the importance the nature of the glycoproteins which are produced during the infection from the EBOV GP gene that has been inserted in VSV genome are unknown. In this respect, the molecular characterisations of the viral glycoproteins synthesised during rVSV-GP presented in this thesis, offer new insights with which to understand the success of the rVSV-GP vaccine but also the potential viral origins of the severe adverse side effects observed during vaccination and could help in developing a safer vaccine, which currently cannot be used in an immunocompromised population
Le, Duc Hong. "Bacterial spores as vaccine vehicles." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405585.
Full textMulholland, Wiliam James. "Targeted epidermal DNA vaccine delivery." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433351.
Full textCarson, Connor. "Vaccine trials against canine leishmaniasis." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3637/.
Full textHanes, Justin Scott. "Polymer microspheres for vaccine delivery." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10153.
Full textRedmond, Diane L. "Towards a Haemonchus contortus vaccine." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12845.
Full textLuo, Honglin. "Experimental DNA vaccine against filariasis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5547.
Full textO'Connor, Daniel. "Genetics determinants of vaccine responses." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6e529d46-4a1a-423e-87e1-eaee8977791d.
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