Journal articles on the topic 'Vaccine safety opinion'
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1
RIZZI, Marco. "Rethinking Vaccine Development as an Integral Part of Preparedness in the European Health Union." European Journal of Risk Regulation 11, no. 4 (November 12, 2020): 821–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/err.2020.95.
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This opinion piece puts forward a critique of the policy and regulatory frameworks governing vaccines, understood as tools to confront pandemic and epidemic diseases (PEDs). Vaccines being the universally recognised prime method of prevention, immunisation campaigns and vaccine research and development (R&D) could reasonably be expected to feature prominently in any policy and/or strategic document addressing emerging health threats. Yet, vaccination occupies a relatively subsidiary role, with a prevalent focus on risk management mechanisms. This piece outlines the main characteristics of preparedness frameworks and looks at vaccine development in the course of PED outbreaks in the recent past, concluding that the COVID-19 pandemic calls for a paradigm shift in vaccine R&D, which should become integral to public health preparedness.
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Indriyani, Eva Rahma, Paradise Paradise, and Merlinda Wibowo. "Perbandingan Metode Naïve Bayes dan Support Vector Machine Untuk Analisis Sentimen Terhadap Vaksin Astrazeneca di Twitter." JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA 6, no. 3 (July 25, 2022): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/mib.v6i3.4220.
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The implementation of Covid-19 vaccination in Indonesia turned out to have various pro and contra opinions from the public. The discovery of disinformation and misinformation about vaccines spread through social media content affects a person's absorption of information so which leads to vaccine delays. When in fact, vaccination is one of the biggest and most effective contributions to preventing the Covid-19 pandemic. Astrazeneca is one of the vaccines provided by the Indonesian government. This vaccine used to be controversial amongst the public regarding its halalness and the safety of the vaccine because of the issue of the said vaccine containing swine trypsin. Nowadays Twitter has become a place for users to express their concerns and opinion regarding the Covid-19 vaccine. Data obtained from Twitter will be useful if it is analyzed, one of which is sentiment analysis. In this study, data collection was carried out using the snscrape library with a total of 3105 tweets obtained from the period May to June 31, 2021. The dataset that has been collected is then preprocessed to optimize the data. After passing the preprocessing stage, the data was labeled as tweet class using a lexicon-based dictionary which resulted in 1275 tweets with positive opinin labels and 1830 tweets labeled as negative opinion. The aim of this study is to examines the performance of Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machine with adding the weighting method TF-IDF (Term Frequency – Inverse Document Frequency). The evaluation results show that the Support Vector Machine has a greater accuracy, precision, recall and f1-score of 87.27%, 90.41%, 77,34% and 83.37% compared to Naïve Bayes which has an accuracy, precision, recall and f1- of 76.81%, 72.40%, 70.70% and 71.52%.
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Bechini, Angela, Beatrice Zanella, Benedetta Bonito, Sonia Paoli, Giulia Di Pisa, Andrea Moscadelli, Leonardo Ancillotti, Paolo Bonanni, and Sara Boccalini. "Quality and Safety of Vaccines Manufacturing: An Online Survey on Attitudes and Perceptions of Italian Internet Users." Vaccines 9, no. 9 (September 13, 2021): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9091015.
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Background: Vaccination is a worldwide public health practice that requires high uptake levels in order to effectively reduce the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases. The manufacturing of vaccines is a complex process, and little is known about people’s feelings and opinions on that. Our study aimed at investigating perceptions and attitudes of the general population towards the vaccine production process before the availability of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: We designed a 15-question online survey in the Italian language which was spread via Facebook and an Italian website "Vaccinarsintoscana" between January and May 2020. We performed a descriptive analysis and applied statistical tests to assess differences in the given answers according to participants’ sociodemographic characteristics. Results: The collected responses (135 participants) about the perceptions on vaccine production process were largely positive: not being concerned about the vaccine production (70.3%); believing the vials did not contain harmful substances (75.6%) and considering the precautionary withdrawal of some batches as highly effective (83.7%). In contrast, a less positive perception was found for the question about the conflict of interest between manufacturing companies and the control systems (48.9%). Moreover, people’s perceptions towards the vaccine components (i.e., microorganism, adjuvants and opinion on batches withdrawal) also showed a good level of confidence and trust. Conclusions: Our study highlighted a generally positive attitude towards the vaccine production process and showed people’s confidence in the control systems, safety and high standards of quality of the vaccine production process.
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Soares, Patricia, João Victor Rocha, Marta Moniz, Ana Gama, Pedro Almeida Laires, Ana Rita Pedro, Sónia Dias, Andreia Leite, and Carla Nunes. "Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy." Vaccines 9, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030300.
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It is critical to develop tailored strategies to increase acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine and decrease hesitancy. Hence, this study aims to assess and identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Portugal. We used data from a community-based survey, “COVID-19 Barometer: Social Opinion”, which includes data regarding intention to take COVID-19 vaccines, health status, and risk perception in Portugal from September 2020 to January 2021. We used multinomial regression to identify factors associated with intention to delay or refuse to take COVID-19 vaccines. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Portugal was high: 56% would wait and 9% refuse. Several factors were associated with both refusal and delay: being younger, loss of income during the pandemic, no intention of taking the flu vaccine, low confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine and the health service response during the pandemic, worse perception of government measures, perception of the information provided as inconsistent and contradictory, and answering the questionnaire before the release of information regarding the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. It is crucial to build confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine as its perceived safety and efficacy were strongly associated with intention to take the vaccine. Governments and health authorities should improve communication and increase trust.
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Ali Al-Atoom, Dr Sahel, and Dr Sakher Ahmad Al-Khasawneh. "The Role of the Health Media in Raising Awareness of the Emerging Corona Virus Vaccine: A Field Study from a Point of View on Jordanian Opinion Leaders." International Journal of Research and Review 9, no. 3 (March 16, 2022): 255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220330.
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study aimed to identify the role of the health media in relation to Corona virus vaccination from the perspective of opinion leaders, and the researcher used a descriptive analytical approach, selecting a random sample of Jordanian opinion leaders (50), distributing a questionnaire to them, and analyzing the results of their responses. The study found that all members of the study sample of opinion leaders received the Corona vaccine, of which (54.0 %) received the Pfizer vaccine, 30.0 % received the AstraZeneca vaccine, and 16.0 % received the Sino-pharma vaccine, and that (88.0 %) prefer Pfizer vaccine, while (10.0 %) prefer Sino-pharm, and (6.0 %) prefer AstraZeneca vaccine. The findings also revealed that (50.0 percent) of the study sample believed that the main reason for people's reluctance to take the Corona vaccine is fear of side effects, and that the majority of the sample members of Jordanian opinion leaders agreed that the information provided by the Ministry of Health in Jordanian media was sufficient to dispel rumors to a large extent, as it clarified the effectiveness and safety of vaccinations. The study recommended the need for official institutions, particularly Jordan TV and the Ministry of Health, and through various media, to continue to provide sufficient information about the coronavirus disease, and its catastrophic consequences on the economic, health and social levels, as well as the need for official authorities to provide through the various media accurate information based on global sources in the positive Receiving the Corona vaccine, its effectiveness in fighting the disease, and its safety for individuals. Keywords: health media, coronavirus, opinion leaders.
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Goldman, Michel. "The Safety of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Vigilance Is Still Required." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051248.
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The opinion I put forward in this paper is that attention must continue to be paid to clinical observations compatible with a detrimental effect of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in certain diseases of immunological nature. Using the example of the atypical thrombocytopenic thromboses caused by adenoviral-vector-based vaccines, I argue that usual post-marketing pharmacovigilance programs may fail in identifying very rare vaccine-related disorders. Since the robust protective immunity induced by mRNA vaccines is related to their distinct capacity to induce strong stimulation of T follicular helper cells, I suggest that the safety of mRNA vaccines should be further assessed by appropriately designed epidemiological and mechanistic studies focusing on lymphoproliferative and autoimmune diseases in which T follicular helper cells were found to play a key role.
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Kajungu, Dan, Michael Muhoozi, James Stark, Daniel Weibel, and Miriam C. J. M. Sturkenboom. "Vaccines safety and maternal knowledge for enhanced maternal immunization acceptability in rural Uganda: A qualitative study approach." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): e0243834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243834.
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Background Maternal immunization is a successful and cost-effective public health strategy. It protects pregnant women and their infants from vaccine-preventable diseases. Uganda is exploring new vaccines for pregnant women like replacing Tetanus Toxoid (TT) with Tetanus-Diphtheria (Td). Research on knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and willingness among pregnant women is needed before the introduction of vaccines for pregnant women. This study was aimed at exploring maternal knowledge, attitudes, willingness, and beliefs towards maternal immunization among pregnant women in rural Uganda. Methods This was a qualitative descriptive study. Ten focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted at antenatal care (ANC) clinics and in a rural community of Uganda. Five key informant interviews (KIIs) were done with health workers, for triangulation. Considering context and research characteristics, data were collected and thematically analyzed. Results Women were familiar with the importance of maternal vaccines, had positive attitudes, and expressed willingness to take them. Acceptance of a new vaccine could be affected by worries of pregnant women and that of their partners, who influence health seeking decisions in a home concerning adverse events, following the maternal immunization (AEFI). There were misconceptions about introduction of vaccines such as the belief that vaccines treat malaria and general body weakness, and being used as guinea pigs to test for the vaccine before its introduction to the larger population. Conclusion A range of diverse sentiments and beliefs may affect uptake and acceptability of vaccines that are introduced in communities. For instance, ignoring vaccine safety concerns may impede maternal immunization acceptability, because pregnant women and their husbands are concerned about AEFI. Moreover, husbands make all health-seeking decisions at home, and their opinion is key, when considering such interventions.
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Motta, Matthew, and Dominik Stecula. "Quantifying the effect of Wakefield et al. (1998) on skepticism about MMR vaccine safety in the U.S." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): e0256395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256395.
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Background Efforts to trace the rise of childhood vaccine safety concerns in the US often suggest Andrew Wakefield and colleagues’ retracted 1998 Lancet study (AW98)–which alleged that the MMR vaccine can cause children to develop autism–as a primary cause of US vaccine skepticism. However, a lack of public opinion data on MMR safety collected before/after AW98’s publication obscures whether anecdotal accounts are indicative of a potentially-causal effect. Methods We address this problem using a regression discontinuity framework to study change in monthly MMR injury claims (N = 74,850; from 1990–2019) from the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) to proxy concern about vaccine safety. Additionally, we suggest a potential mechanism for the effect of AW98 on vaccine skepticism, via automated sentiment analyses of MMR-related news stories (N = 674; from 1996–2000) in major television and newspaper outlets. Results AW98 led to an immediate increase of about 70 MMR injury claims cases per month, averaging across six estimation strategies (meta-analytic effect = 70.44 [52.19, 88.75], p < 0.01). Preliminary evidence suggests that the volume of negative media attention to MMR increased in the weeks following AW98’s publication, across four estimation strategies (meta-analytic effect = 9.59% [3.66, 15.51], p < 0.01). Conclusions Vaccine skepticism increased following the publication of AW98, which was potentially made possible by increased negative media coverage of MMR. Significance Childhood vaccine skepticism presents an important challenge to widespread vaccine uptake, and undermines support for pro-vaccine health policies. In addition to advancing our understanding of the previously-obscured origins of US vaccine skepticism, our work cautions that high-profile media attention to inaccurate scientific studies can undermine public confidence in vaccines. We conclude by offering several recommendations that researchers and health communicators might consider to detect and address future threats to vaccine confidence.
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Stracqualursi, Luisa, and Patrizia Agati. "Covid-19 vaccines in Italian public opinion: Identifying key issues using Twitter and Natural Language Processing." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): e0277394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277394.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has changed society and people’s lives. The vaccination campaign started December 27th 2020 in Italy, together with most countries in the European Union. Social media platforms can offer relevant information about how citizens have experienced and perceived the availability of vaccines and the start of the vaccination campaign. This study aims to use machine learning methods to extract sentiments and topics relating to COVID-19 vaccination from Twitter. Between February and May 2021, we collected over 71,000 tweets containing vaccines-related keywords from Italian Twitter users. To get the dominant sentiment throughout the Italian population, spatial and temporal sentiment analysis was performed using VADER, highlighting sentiment fluctuations strongly influenced by news of vaccines’ side effects. Additionally, we investigated the opinions of Italians with respect to different vaccine brands. As a result, ‘Oxford-AstraZeneca’ vaccine was the least appreciated among people. The application of the Dynamic Latent Dirichlet Allocation (DLDA) model revealed three fundamental topics, which remained stable over time: vaccination plan info, usefulness of vaccinating and concerns about vaccines (risks, side effects and safety). To the best of our current knowledge, this one the first study on Twitter to identify opinions about COVID-19 vaccination in Italy and their progression over the first months of the vaccination campaign. Our results can help policymakers and research communities track public attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines and help them make decisions to promote the vaccination campaign.
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Tondo, Giacomo, Eleonora Virgilio, Andrea Naldi, Angelo Bianchi, and Cristoforo Comi. "Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: Spotlight on Neurological Complications." Life 12, no. 9 (August 29, 2022): 1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12091338.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented demand on the global healthcare system. Remarkably, at the end of 2021, COVID-19 vaccines received approvals for human use in several countries worldwide. Since then, a solid base for response in the fight against the virus has been placed. COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to be safe and effective drugs. Nevertheless, all kinds of vaccines may be associated with the possible appearance of neurological complications, and COVID-19 vaccines are not free from neurological side effects. Neurological complications of COVID-19 vaccination are usually mild, short-duration, and self-limiting. However, severe and unexpected post-vaccination complications are rare but possible events. They include the Guillain-Barré syndrome, facial palsy, other neuropathies, encephalitis, meningitis, myelitis, autoimmune disorders, and cerebrovascular events. The fear of severe or fatal neurological complications fed the “vaccine hesitancy” phenomenon, posing a vital communication challenge between the scientific community and public opinion. This review aims to collect and discuss the frequency, management, and outcome of reported neurological complications of COVID-19 vaccines after eighteen months of the World Health Organization’s approval of COVID-19 vaccination, providing an overview of safety and concerns related to the most potent weapon against the SARS-CoV-2.
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Gomes, Inês Afonso, Patricia Soares, João Victor Rocha, Ana Gama, Pedro Almeida Laires, Marta Moniz, Ana Rita Pedro, et al. "Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy after Implementation of a Mass Vaccination Campaign." Vaccines 10, no. 2 (February 12, 2022): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020281.
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An online cross-sectional study on COVID-19 vaccination adhesion was conducted in Portugal nine months after vaccination rollout (September–November 2021). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with hesitancy to take the COVID-19 vaccine in the community-based survey, “COVID-19 Barometer: Social Opinion”. Hesitancy was 11%; however, of those, 60.5% stated that they intended to take the vaccine. Hesitancy was associated with factors such as lower monthly household income; no intention of taking the flu vaccine this year; perceived reasonable health status; having two or more diseases; low confidence in the health service response; worse perception of the adequacy of anti-COVID-19 government measures; low or no perceived risk of getting COVID-19; feeling agitated, anxious or sad some days; and lack of trust in the safety and efficacy of the vaccines. Confidence in vaccines, namely against COVID-19, is paramount for public health and should be monitored during vaccination rollout. Clear communication of the risks and benefits of vaccination needs improvement to increase adherence and public confidence.
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Cadeddu, Chiara, Martina Sapienza, Carolina Castagna, Luca Regazzi, Andrea Paladini, Walter Ricciardi, and Aldo Rosano. "Vaccine Hesitancy and Trust in the Scientific Community in Italy: Comparative Analysis from Two Recent Surveys." Vaccines 9, no. 10 (October 19, 2021): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101206.
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Vaccination rates in Italy fell until 2015 because of unfounded safety concerns. Public education and a 2017 law on mandatory vaccination have boosted rates since then. The aim of our study is to explore how trust in the scientific community and attitudes towards vaccines have changed in the period of 2017–2019 in Italy. Data were extracted from the Italian section of the 2017 and 2019 editions of the European Social Survey (ESS). We compared the two surveys highlighting changes in public opinion on vaccines. A descriptive analysis of the socio-cultural variables according to the answers provided to key questions on the harmfulness of vaccines was conducted. Differences between percentages were tested by using the χ2 test. The association between the opinion about the harmfulness of vaccines and trust in the scientific community was analyzed through a logistic regression model. Compared to ESS8, ESS9 showed an increase in the percentage of respondents disagreeing with the harmfulness of vaccines. Trust in the scientific community raised in the period from 2017 to 2019 (59% vs. 69.6%). Higher education was significantly associated with disagreement regarding the harmfulness of vaccines (odds ratio (OR) = 2.41; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.75–3.31), the strongest predictor was trust in the scientific community (OR = 10.47; 95% CI 7.55–14.52). In Italy, trust in the scientific community and in vaccinations has grown significantly in recent years, indicating a paradigm shift in public opinion compared to the past. Central actions and effective public communication strategies might reduce vaccine hesitancy and could be essential to garner public trust.
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Park, Hyun Kyung, Ji Hye Ham, Deok Hyun Jang, Jin Yong Lee, and Won Mo Jang. "Political Ideologies, Government Trust, and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in South Korea: A Cross-Sectional Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 10655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010655.
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This study aimed to assess the correlation between political ideologies, government trust, and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among South Korea’s general population and 1000 respondents (aged 18 years and older) were included. We used multivariate logistic regression models to identify the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. Respondents who self-identified as liberal or held “no political opinion” had higher rates of vaccine hesitancy than conservative respondents. People’s trust in the government’s countermeasures was associated with vaccination. Respondents who had risk perceptions (affective and cognitive) of COVID-19 had lower rates of vaccine hesitancy. Perceptions that the vaccine was not safe and being aged 18–29, 30–39, or 40–49 were associated with a higher probability of vaccine hesitancy. This study found that even if vaccine safety and risk perceptions toward COVID-19 were adjusted, self-rated political ideologies and government trust was associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. More effort to communicate with those who are *liberal or “no political opinion”, younger, and have lower level of trust in the government are required to dissolve vaccine hesitancy. Further studies should analyze the mechanism of COVID-19 vaccine uptake for effective herd immunity.
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He, Jiangyi, and Maojun Zhou. "“Before Dawn,” Listening to the Voices of Social Media: A Study on the Public’s Response to the COVID-19 Vaccine." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (September 16, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7308084.
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The COVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide catastrophe. In the absence of an effective drug, one effective measure to pull the pandemic to the end is herd immunity by taking vaccines, while the hesitation and anti-attitude from social media affect the vaccination. This makes it crucial to evaluate the text data about the COVID-19 vaccine from tweets. The period for data used in this study is 1 Aug to 31 Oct, 2020, since it is just before promoting the use when public reactions to the COVID-19 vaccine can influence their subsequent vaccination behavior. In this study, we used the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic model and sentiment analysis to explore public reactions to the COVID-19 vaccine. The results indicate that the public discussion could be divided into 11 topics, which could be further summarized into four different themes: (1) concerns about COVID-19; (2) concerns about vaccine development, production, and distribution; (3) how to control the COVID-19 before obtaining the vaccine; and (4) concerns about information of vaccine safety and efficacy. It can be concluded that to a large extent, public reactions to vaccines are dominated by positive sentiment. Specifically, the politicization of the vaccine approval process, suspension of vaccine trials, and measures to control COVID-19 tend to trigger negative public sentiment; whereas information related to successful vaccine development and availability enhances positive public sentiment. These findings help us understand public reactions to the COVID-19 vaccine, uncover potential factors that may influence vaccination behavior, and help policymakers understand public opinion about the COVID-19 vaccine and develop rational and effective policies.
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Riad, Abanoub, Andrea Pokorná, Natália Antalová, Martin Krobot, Nutsa Zviadadze, Iryna Serdiuk, Michal Koščík, and Miloslav Klugar. "Prevalence and Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Czech University Students: National Cross-Sectional Study." Vaccines 9, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090948.
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Background: university students are believed to retain the highest levels of health literacy. They are perceived as the opinion leaders within their communities; therefore, their health-related beliefs and attitudes are deemed important for public health campaigns. This study aimed to investigate the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy drivers among university students in the Czech Republic. Methods: a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was carried out in the weeks before the unrestricted vaccine deployment to Czech adults. The questionnaire had 21 multiple-choice items stratified in 4 categories; demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related anamnesis and influenza vaccine experience, attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination, and the possible drivers of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy suggested by the WHO-SAGE. Results: out of the 1351 included students, 66.8% were females, 84.5% were Czech nationals, and 40.6% enrolled in healthcare programs. The overall COVID-19 vaccine acceptance level was 73.3%, 19.3% of participants were vaccine-resistant, and only 7.4% were vaccine-hesitant. Trust in the pharmaceutical industry, trust in healthcare providers, and perceived knowledge sufficiency predicted higher odds of vaccine acceptance. In contrast, media and social media, personal beliefs, immunity misconception, previous COVID-19 infection, and suspicions about novel vaccines and the local availability predicted higher odds of vaccine hesitancy. Conclusions: The findings of this study predict a fair probability to achieve community immunity (herd immunity) among the target population group. The primary prevention strategies in the Czech Republic need to be culturally sensitive and inclusive for foreign nationals. As one-quarter of the participating students are dependent on vaccine safety data, this study findings support the call for independent studies evaluating the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Ieven, Toon, Martijn Vandebotermet, Lisa Nuyttens, David Devolder, Peter Vandenberghe, Dominique Bullens, and Rik Schrijvers. "COVID-19 Vaccination Safety and Tolerability in Patients Allegedly at High Risk for Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions." Vaccines 10, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020286.
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The reported incidence of immediate hypersensitivity reactions (IHR) including anaphylaxis after COVID-19 vaccination is 10-fold higher than for other vaccines. Several patient groups are theorized to be at particular risk. Since specific vaccination guidelines for these patients are based on expert opinion, we performed a retrospective monocentric analysis of the tolerability of adenoviral vector and mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines in a cohort of patients allegedly at high risk of IHR. Reactions were assessed immediately on-site by allergists during a monitored vaccination protocol and after 3–7 days through telephone interviews. The cohort included 196 patients (aged 12–84 years) with primary mast cell disease (pMCD, 50.5%), idiopathic anaphylaxis (IA, 19.9%), hereditary angioedema (HAE, 5.1%) or miscellaneous indications (24.5%). Twenty-five immediate reactions were observed in 221 vaccine doses (11.3%). Most occurred in IA or miscellaneous patients. None fulfilled anaphylaxis criteria and most were mild and self-limiting. Reaction occurrence was significantly associated with female sex. In total, 13.5% of pMCD patients reported mast cell activation-like symptoms within 72 h post-vaccination. All pediatric pMCD patients (n = 9, 12–18 years) tolerated both mRNA-based vaccine doses. In summary, adenoviral vector and mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines were safe and well-tolerated in patients with pMCD, HAE, and IA. No anaphylaxis was observed. The mild and subjective nature of most reactions suggests a nocebo effect associated with vaccination in a medicalized setting. Patients with pMCD could experience mild flare-ups of mast cell activation-like symptoms, supporting antihistamine premedication.
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Palacios, Ricardo. "Forgotten, but not forgiven: facing immunization challenges in the 21st century." Colombia Médica 49, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/cm.v49i3.4154.
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The creator of several vaccines given to children around the world everyday, Maurice Hilleman, advised that at the same time that new vaccines would emerge in the 21st century due to technological advances, unfounded criticisms of vaccines would extended beyond spurious belief systems to actual anti-vaccine movements. He pointed out that these movements are aimed at disruption of vaccine programmes through use of public media including the press, television and the Internet in his response to the spurious association between autism and Crohn's disease with one of his main creations, MMR vaccine (1). Andrew Wakefield, author of an unsound scientific paper in 1998 proposing such association, was motivated by an undue agreement to support a lawsuit (2). Nevertheless, Wakefield remains as an outstanding voice in the anti-vaccine movement (3). Why the once feared diseases disappeared from collective memory? On the other hand, adverse events following immunization that we used to bear as a fair risk for the expected benefit are not accepted anymore? Why we have forgotten the benefits, but not forgiven the risks? How could we define new strategies to face the challenges of immunization programmes? The 1976 swine flu immunization programme in United States was a landmark on the questioning of risk-benefit ratio for vaccines. The concern on a new pandemic flu after triggered a large mass vaccination campaign. Pandemic flu cases did not appear, but serious adverse events did raise questions on public opinion (4). This contrasted with most of the vaccines where decreasing incidence of a preventable diseases compared with safety concerns seems to be acceptable for the society. On the other hand, efficacious vaccines, like whole-cell pertussis vaccine (wP), have been also on the spot due to relevant adverse events after immunization...
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Furer, Victoria, Christien Rondaan, Marloes W. Heijstek, Nancy Agmon-Levin, Sander van Assen, Marc Bijl, Ferry C. Breedveld, et al. "2019 update of EULAR recommendations for vaccination in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, no. 1 (August 14, 2019): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215882.
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To update the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for vaccination in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD) published in 2011. Four systematic literature reviews were performed regarding the incidence/prevalence of vaccine-preventable infections among patients with AIIRD; efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of vaccines; effect of anti-rheumatic drugs on the response to vaccines; effect of vaccination of household of AIIRDs patients. Subsequently, recommendations were formulated based on the evidence and expert opinion. The updated recommendations comprise six overarching principles and nine recommendations. The former address the need for an annual vaccination status assessment, shared decision-making and timing of vaccination, favouring vaccination during quiescent disease, preferably prior to the initiation of immunosuppression. Non-live vaccines can be safely provided to AIIRD patients regardless of underlying therapy, whereas live-attenuated vaccines may be considered with caution. Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination should be strongly considered for the majority of patients with AIIRD. Tetanus toxoid and human papilloma virus vaccination should be provided to AIIRD patients as recommended for the general population. Hepatitis A, hepatitis B and herpes zoster vaccination should be administered to AIIRD patients at risk. Immunocompetent household members of patients with AIIRD should receive vaccines according to national guidelines, except for the oral poliomyelitis vaccine. Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided during the first 6 months of life in newborns of mothers treated with biologics during the second half of pregnancy. These 2019 EULAR recommendations provide an up-to-date guidance on the management of vaccinations in patients with AIIRD.
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Jang, Hyeju, Emily Rempel, Ian Roe, Prince Adu, Giuseppe Carenini, and Naveed Zafar Janjua. "Tracking Public Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccination on Tweets in Canada: Using Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis." Journal of Medical Internet Research 24, no. 3 (March 29, 2022): e35016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/35016.
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Background The development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines have generated optimism for the end of the COVID-19 pandemic and a return to normalcy. However, vaccine hesitancy, often fueled by misinformation, poses a major barrier to achieving herd immunity. Objective We aim to investigate Twitter users’ attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination in Canada after vaccine rollout. Methods We applied a weakly supervised aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) technique, which involves the human-in-the-loop system, on COVID-19 vaccination–related tweets in Canada. Automatically generated aspect and opinion terms were manually corrected by public health experts to ensure the accuracy of the terms and make them more domain-specific. Then, based on these manually corrected terms, the system inferred sentiments toward the aspects. We observed sentiments toward key aspects related to COVID-19 vaccination, and investigated how sentiments toward “vaccination” changed over time. In addition, we analyzed the most retweeted or liked tweets by observing most frequent nouns and sentiments toward key aspects. Results After applying the ABSA system, we obtained 170 aspect terms (eg, “immunity” and “pfizer”) and 6775 opinion terms (eg, “trustworthy” for the positive sentiment and “jeopardize” for the negative sentiment). While manually verifying or editing these terms, our public health experts selected 20 key aspects related to COVID-19 vaccination for analysis. The sentiment analysis results for the 20 key aspects revealed negative sentiments related to “vaccine distribution,” “side effects,” “allergy,” “reactions,” and “anti-vaxxer,” and positive sentiments related to “vaccine campaign,” “vaccine candidates,” and “immune response.” These results indicate that the Twitter users express concerns about the safety of vaccines but still consider vaccines as the option to end the pandemic. In addition, compared to the sentiment of the remaining tweets, the most retweeted or liked tweets showed more positive sentiment overall toward key aspects (P<.001), especially vaccines (P<.001) and vaccination (P=.009). Further investigation of the most retweeted or liked tweets revealed two opposing trends in Twitter users who showed negative sentiments toward vaccines: the “anti-vaxxer” population that used negative sentiments as a means to discourage vaccination and the “Covid Zero” population that used negative sentiments to encourage vaccinations while critiquing the public health response. Conclusions Our study examined public sentiments toward COVID-19 vaccination on tweets over an extended period in Canada. Our findings could inform public health agencies to design and implement interventions to promote vaccination.
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Sattar, Naw Safrin, and Shaikh Arifuzzaman. "COVID-19 Vaccination Awareness and Aftermath: Public Sentiment Analysis on Twitter Data and Vaccinated Population Prediction in the USA." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 6128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11136128.
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Social media, such as Twitter, is a source of exchanging information and opinion on global issues such as COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we work with a database of around 1.2 million tweets collected across five weeks of April–May 2021 to draw conclusions about public sentiments towards the vaccination outlook when vaccinations become widely available to the population during the COVID-19 pandemic. We deploy natural language processing and sentiment analysis techniques to reveal insights about COVID-19 vaccination awareness among the public. Our results show that people have positive sentiments towards taking COVID-19 vaccines instead of some adverse effects of some of the vaccines. We also analyze people’s attitude towards the safety measures of COVID-19 after receiving the vaccines. Again, the positive sentiment is higher than that of negative in terms of maintaining safety measures against COVID-19 among the vaccinated population. We also project that around 62.44% and 48% of the US population will get at least one dose of vaccine and be fully vaccinated, respectively, by the end of July 2021 according to our forecast model. This study will help to understand public reaction and aid the policymakers to project the vaccination campaign as well as health and safety measures in the ongoing global health crisis.
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Konje, Eveline T., Namanya Basinda, Anthony Kapesa, Stella Mugassa, Helmut A. Nyawale, Mariam M. Mirambo, Nyambura Moremi, Domenica Morona, and Stephen E. Mshana. "The Coverage and Acceptance Spectrum of COVID-19 Vaccines among Healthcare Professionals in Western Tanzania: What Can We Learn from This Pandemic?" Vaccines 10, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091429.
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The vaccination rate against COVID-19 remains low in developing countries due to vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy is a public health threat in curbing COVID-19 pandemic globally. Healthcare professionals have been found to play a critical role in vaccine advocacy and promotion campaigns in the general population. A cross sectional study was conducted in the initial months of the COVID-19 vaccination roll out program in Tanzania to determine the acceptance rate, perceived barriers, and cues for actions. A total of 811 healthcare professionals participated from 26 health facilities in western Tanzania. The World Health Organization (WHO) vaccine acceptance questionnaire was adopted with minor modifications to capture the local contexts and used in data collection. Only (18.5%) healthcare professionals had received a COVID-19 vaccine and acceptance rate was 29%. The majority (62%) of participants were in the hesitancy stage due to issues related to lack of effective communication and reliable information regarding efficacy and safety. In this era of COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need to engage and involve public health figures and opinion leaders through transparent dialogue to clarify vaccine-related safety, quality, and efficacy. These strategies will reduce misconception, mistrust, and improve uptake among healthcare professionals and eventually in the general population.
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Matveeva, E. S., and A. M. Fedorova. "Vaccination against covid-19: the opinion of medical students." Ural Medical Journal 21, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52420/2071-5943-2022-21-1-42-47.
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Introduction. One of the pressing issues in public health today is the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, including vaccine prophylaxis, its possibilities, necessity and safety. Proper professional advocacy plays an important role in the success of the vaccination campaign. Medical school students are also part of the professional community, who are as close as possible to the population and can be a source of information for them to influence their decisions about whether or not to vaccinate. The aim of the work was to study the attitudes of medical university students, as carriers of special information, toward vaccination against COVID-19. Materials and methods. A questionnaire survey was administered to 151 medical university students from Chelyabinsk and Ekaterinburg, mainly from the 4th to 6th years of medical, pediatric, and preventive medicine faculties. Results. Many of the trainees participating in the study are familiar with the new coronavirus infection (have themselves had an infection, are involved in providing medical care to patients with the new coronavirus infection), and more than 80% have been vaccinated against COVID-19. 63.0% of unvaccinated respondents do not plan to vaccinate in the near future, half of them due to uncertainty about the effectiveness of the vaccine. 44.9% of all respondents were not afraid of adverse effects of vaccination, and a large proportion (55.1%) expected reactions and even complications after vaccinated against COVID-19. They consider vaccination to be effective against COVID-19 47.5%, and 52.5% of those surveyed are not sure about vaccination effectiveness. Discussion. The effectiveness of vaccination for airborne infections is determined by the one-step coverage of a large (at least 70.0%) portion of the population. Most of the students surveyed intend to recommend vaccination against COVID-19 (almost 63%); however, 37.1% are not yet ready to do so. The motivations for their own vaccination are equally understanding of its necessity and fear of administrative restrictions. The study participants form their judgments about the problem under study mainly on the basis of popular publications and mass media appearances, which is confirmed by their low appeal to official statistics and special sources. Conclusion. To date, medical university students have not had a pronounced interest in learning about the new coronavirus infection, so the educational process under the COVID-19 pandemic needs to pay special attention to the problem under discussion.
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Wilcox, Christopher, Anna Calvert, Jane Metz, Eliz Kilich, Rachael Macleod, Kirsten Beadon, Paul Heath, et al. "Determinants of influenza and pertussis vaccination uptake in pregnancy: a multi-centre questionnaire study of pregnant women and healthcare professionals." British Journal of General Practice 69, suppl 1 (June 2019): bjgp19X703301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19x703301.
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BackgroundUptake rates of influenza and pertussis vaccination in pregnancy remain suboptimal.AimTo determine the acceptability of routine vaccination among pregnant women; the confidence of maternity healthcare professionals (HCPs) discussing vaccination; and HCP opinion with regards to the optimum healthcare site for vaccine administration.MethodSeparate questionnaires for pregnant women and maternity HCPs were distributed within four NHS trusts in South England from July 2017–January 2018.ResultsResponses from 314 pregnant women and 204 HCPs (18% obstetricians, 75% midwives [both hospital and community], 7% unidentified) were analysed. Actual/intended uptake of influenza and pertussis vaccination was 78% and 92%, respectively. The commonest reason for declining vaccination was feared side effects for their child. White British women (79%) were significantly more accepting of influenza (odds ratio [OR] 3.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.67 to 6.32) and pertussis vaccination (OR 4.83, 95% CI = 1.77 to 13.19) compared with non-white British women. Among HCPs, 25% were not-at-all or slightly confident discussing vaccination. Obstetricians felt significantly more confident discussing pertussis vaccination than midwives (OR 2.05, 95% CI = 1.02 to 4.12). Among HCPs, 53%, 25%, and 16% thought vaccines should be administered in primary care (general practice), community midwifery, and the hospital setting, respectively.ConclusionMisconceptions exist regarding safety and efficacy of maternal vaccination, and framing information towards safety for the child may increase uptake. Education of HCPs is essential, and vaccine promotion should be incorporated into routine antenatal care, with an emphasis on women from ethnic minorities. Administration of vaccines in primary care may present a logistical barrier to women, however support for alternative sites appears low among HCPs.
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Wang, Jia, Mengyao Guo, Li Zhang, Lujie Chen, and Xiaorong Hou. "Research on Dissemination Rule of Public Opinion from SNA Perspective: Taking the Vaccine Safety Event as an Example." Studies in Media and Communication 5, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v5i1.2039.
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With the rapid development of social media, the dissemination of health information has attracted more attention from people. To reveal the rule and mode of information diffusion path is the key to effective crisis prevention and control of information. In this paper, the team took the vaccine safety events as an example, selected and analyzed two hottest microblogs from each phase of one event. The team did visual analysis via Zhiwei which was one academic micro data analysis platform, and utilized social network analysis (SNA) to explore the propagating rules of public opinion.
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Costantino, Andrea, Matilde Topa, Leda Roncoroni, Luisa Doneda, Vincenza Lombardo, Davide Stocco, Andrea Gramegna, Claudio Costantino, Maurizio Vecchi, and Luca Elli. "COVID-19 Vaccine: A Survey of Hesitancy in Patients with Celiac Disease." Vaccines 9, no. 5 (May 16, 2021): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050511.
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(1) Background: COVID-19 vaccination campaigns offer the best hope of controlling the pandemic. However, the fast production of COVID-19 vaccines has caused concern among the general public regarding their safety and efficacy. In particular, patients with chronic illnesses, such as celiac disease (CD), may be more fearful. Information on vaccine hesitancy plays a pivotal role in the development of an efficient vaccination campaign. In our study, we aimed to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Italian CD patients. (2) Methods: an anonymous questionnaire was sent to CD patients followed at our tertiary referral center for CD in Milan, Italy. Patients were defined as willing, hesitant and refusing. We evaluated the reasons for hesitancy/refusal and the possible determinants, calculating crude and adjusted odds ratios [AdjORs] with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]. (3) Results: the questionnaire was sent to 346 patients with a response rate of 29.8%. Twenty-six (25.2%) of the 103 respondents were hesitant, with a total refusal rate of 4.8%. The main reason was fear of adverse events related to vaccination (68.2%). Among hesitant patients, 23% declared that their opinion was influenced by their CD. The determinants positively influencing willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 were adherence to a GFD, perception of good knowledge about COVID-19 and its vaccines, and a positive attitude to previous vaccines (AdjOR 12.71, 95% CI 1.82–88.58, AdjOR 6.50, 95% CI 1.44–29.22, AdjOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.11–4.34, respectively). (4) Conclusions: CD patients should be vaccinated against COVID-19 and a specific campaign to address the determinants of hesitancy should be developed.
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Guljaš, Silva, Zvonimir Bosnić, Tamer Salha, Monika Berecki, Zdravka Krivdić Dupan, Stjepan Rudan, and Ljiljana Majnarić Trtica. "Lack of Informations about COVID-19 Vaccine: From Implications to Intervention for Supporting Public Health Communications in COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 6141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116141.
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Lack of knowledge and mistrust towards vaccines represent a challenge in achieving the vaccination coverage required for population immunity. The aim of this study is to examine the opinion that specific demographic groups have about COVID-19 vaccination, in order to detect potential fears and reasons for negative attitudes towards vaccination, and to gain knowledge on how to prepare strategies to eliminate possible misinformation that could affect vaccine hesitancy. The data collection approach was based on online questionnaire surveys, divided into three groups of questions that followed the main postulates of the health belief theory—a theory that helps understanding a behaviour of the public in some concrete surrounding in receiving preventive measures. Ordinary least squares regression analyses were used to examine the influence of individual factors on refusing the vaccine, and to provide information on the perception of participants on the danger of COVID-19 infection, and on potential barriers that could retard the vaccine utility. There was an equal proportion of participants (total number 276) who planned on receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (37%), and of those who did not (36.3%). The rest (26.7%) of participants were still indecisive. Our results indicated that attitudes on whether to receive the vaccine, on how serious consequences might be if getting the infection, as well as a suspicious towards the vaccine efficacy and the fear of the vaccine potential side effects, may depend on participants’ age (<40 vs. >40 years) and on whether they are healthcare workers or not. The barriers that make participants‘ unsure about of receiving the vaccine, such as a distrust in the vaccine efficacy and safety, may vary in different socio-demographic groups and depending on which is the point of time in the course of the pandemic development, as well as on the vaccine availability and experience in using certain vaccine formulas. There is a pressing need for health services to continuously provide information to the general population, and to address the root causes of mistrust through improved communication, using a wide range of policies, interventions and technologies.
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Deml, Michael J., Léna G. Dietrich, Bernhard Wingeier, Gisela Etter, Caesar Gallmann, Christoph Berger, L. Suzanne Suggs, Benedikt M. Huber, and Philip E. Tarr. "Collaborating with Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Providers When Writing HPV Vaccine Review Articles." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020592.
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Novel strategies are needed to address vaccine hesitancy (VH), which correlates with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). In Switzerland, CAM providers play important roles in vaccine counseling of vaccine hesitant (VH) parents, and traditional vaccination messaging tends to overlook CAM provider perspectives. In the setting of a Swiss national research program on VH, our key strategy has been to work together closely with CAM providers. To assess the feasibility of generating educational human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine materials that would interest VH healthcare providers (HCPs), we invited four CAM providers to co-author two HPV vaccine review articles for general practitioners. We conducted thematic analysis of CAM provider comments to identify patterns that could complement and improve vaccination messaging from CAM perspectives. We identified several themes and generated an inventory of CAM provider messaging recommendations related to language use, presentation of background information, nuanced statements regarding HPV vaccine efficacy and safety, and communication tools that would be important to VH HCPs. Contrary to our initial expectations, and in an inclusive, respectful atmosphere of open dialogue, we were able to productively finalize our manuscripts. In the opinion of the CAM co-authors, the manuscripts effectively considered the communication needs and perspectives of VH HCPs. Engaging with CAM providers appears to be a feasible and innovative avenue for providing vaccine information and designing communication tools aimed at VH healthcare providers.
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Shimanskaya, Olga. "Vaccination in Europe: Attitude of the Anthroposophical Society." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 20, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran22021132138.
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The article is devoted to a relevant topic – the progress and readiness of the European society for vaccination against coronavirus and the public discussion that unfolded in European countries regarding the pace of the vaccine campaign, the safety of vaccines certified by the European Medicines Agency. The author analyzed the activities of one of the well-known religious and philosophical groups – the Anthroposophical Society in Germany, which has its own arguments, grounded in a religious and philosophical position, against any vaccination, and especially against insufficiently tested vaccines against COVID-19. The Anthroposophical Society is an influential world outlook organization and at the same time a corporation whose members implement their religious and philosophical views in the field of education, organic farming, the production of good quality cosmetics and medicines that are in demand among the population of European countries. Anthroposophic physicians in the context of a pandemic have launched work on the prevention of coronavirus infection, as well as on the rehabilitation of people who have undergone it. They insist on the inadmissibility of isolation measures for students of Waldorf schools, protest against the massive vaccination campaign. Their vigorous protests find support from skeptics who distrust government vaccination policies. As a result, anthroposophists reckon with the strength of the regional authorities and listen to the federal ones, since it demonstrates a certain vector of public opinion and sentiment associated with the vaccine campaign, which is necessary for a return to normal life.
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Gridneva, G. I., B. S. Belov, and E. S. Aronova. "Vaccine Prophylaxis of Herpes Zoster In Rheumatic Diseases: Paradigm Revision and New Opportunities." Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 67, no. 3-4 (August 5, 2022): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-3-4-70-76.
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Background. The issues of vaccination against the herpesvirus infection are still important in rheumatological practice.This infection often develops in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment, especially Janus kinase inhibitors (a class-specific adverse reaction) and genetically engineered biologics.The aim of this review is to highlight the current state of the issue of vaccination against Herpes zoster (HZ).Materials and Methods. 37 publications (4 domestic, 33 foreign) were analyzed, in which the mechanisms of pathogenesisand clinical features of herpesvirus infection in patients with immunodeficiency, both with and without immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases (IIRD), the frequency and variety of post-vaccination reactions, complications and exacerbations of the course of IIRD were considered.Results. There is currently a trend towards reassessment of the rheumatological community's opinion about HZ vaccination, including live vaccine. Literature data allow us to express optimism regarding the effective prevention of herpes zoster in patients who plan to take drugs, primarily from the group of Janus kinase inhibitors. The advantages of the adjuvant recombinant subunit vaccine (Shingrix®) include the possibility of its use against the background of treatment with antirheumatic drugs without significant restrictions, as well as no need to postpone the initiation of the necessary therapy.Conclusions. Publications on the issues of HZ vaccination are few. It is necessary to conduct carefully controlled studies on the efficacy and safety of antiherpetic vaccines with an emphasis on the post-vaccination course of IIRD in patients with rheumatological profile, including in the Russian Federation.
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Gridneva, G. I., B. S. Belov, and E. S. Aronova. "Vaccine Prophylaxis of Herpes Zoster In Rheumatic Diseases: Paradigm Revision and New Opportunities." Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 67, no. 3-4 (August 5, 2022): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-3-4-70-76.
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Background. The issues of vaccination against the herpesvirus infection are still important in rheumatological practice.This infection often develops in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment, especially Janus kinase inhibitors (a class-specific adverse reaction) and genetically engineered biologics.The aim of this review is to highlight the current state of the issue of vaccination against Herpes zoster (HZ).Materials and Methods. 37 publications (4 domestic, 33 foreign) were analyzed, in which the mechanisms of pathogenesisand clinical features of herpesvirus infection in patients with immunodeficiency, both with and without immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases (IIRD), the frequency and variety of post-vaccination reactions, complications and exacerbations of the course of IIRD were considered.Results. There is currently a trend towards reassessment of the rheumatological community's opinion about HZ vaccination, including live vaccine. Literature data allow us to express optimism regarding the effective prevention of herpes zoster in patients who plan to take drugs, primarily from the group of Janus kinase inhibitors. The advantages of the adjuvant recombinant subunit vaccine (Shingrix®) include the possibility of its use against the background of treatment with antirheumatic drugs without significant restrictions, as well as no need to postpone the initiation of the necessary therapy.Conclusions. Publications on the issues of HZ vaccination are few. It is necessary to conduct carefully controlled studies on the efficacy and safety of antiherpetic vaccines with an emphasis on the post-vaccination course of IIRD in patients with rheumatological profile, including in the Russian Federation.
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Grochowska, Magdalena, Aleksandra Ratajczak, Gabriela Zdunek, Aleksander Adamiec, Paweł Waszkiewicz, and Wojciech Feleszko. "A Comparison of the Level of Acceptance and Hesitancy towards the Influenza Vaccine and the Forthcoming COVID-19 Vaccine in the Medical Community." Vaccines 9, no. 5 (May 8, 2021): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050475.
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Despite research conducted worldwide, there is no treatment specifically targeting SARS-CoV-2 infection with efficacy proven by randomized controlled trials. A chance for a breakthrough is vaccinating most of the global population. Public opinion surveys on vaccine hesitancy prompted our team to investigate Polish healthcare workers’ (HCWs) attitudes towards the SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccinations. In-person and online surveys of HCWs: doctors, nurses, medical students, and other allied health professionals (n = 419) were conducted between 14 September 2020 and 5 November 2020. In our study, 68.7% of respondents would like to be vaccinated against COVID-19. The safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations would persuade 86.3% of hesitant and those who would refuse to be vaccinated. 3.1% of all respondents claimed that no argument would convince them to get vaccinated. 61.6% of respondents declared a willingness to receive an influenza vaccination, of which 83.3% were also inclined to receive COVID-19 vaccinations. Although most respondents—62.5% (262/419) indicated they trusted in the influenza vaccine more, more respondents intended to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in the 2020/2021 season. The study is limited by its nonrandom sample of HCWs but provides a preliminary description of attitudes towards SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
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Massey, Philip M., Matthew D. Kearney, Michael K. Hauer, Preethi Selvan, Emmanuel Koku, and Amy E. Leader. "Dimensions of Misinformation About the HPV Vaccine on Instagram: Content and Network Analysis of Social Media Characteristics." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): e21451. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/21451.
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Background The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is a major advancement in cancer prevention and this primary prevention tool has the potential to reduce and eliminate HPV-associated cancers; however, the safety and efficacy of vaccines in general and the HPV vaccine specifically have come under attack, particularly through the spread of misinformation on social media. The popular social media platform Instagram represents a significant source of exposure to health (mis)information; 1 in 3 US adults use Instagram. Objective The objective of this analysis was to characterize pro- and anti-HPV vaccine networks on Instagram, and to describe misinformation within the anti-HPV vaccine network. Methods From April 2018 to December 2018, we collected publicly available English-language Instagram posts containing hashtags #HPV, #HPVVaccine, or #Gardasil using Netlytic software (n=16,607). We randomly selected 10% of the sample and content analyzed relevant posts (n=580) for text, image, and social media features as well as holistic attributes (eg, sentiments, personal stories). Among antivaccine posts, we organized elements of misinformation within four broad dimensions: 1) misinformation theoretical domains, 2) vaccine debate topics, 3) evidence base, and 4) health beliefs. We conducted univariate, bivariate, and network analyses on the subsample of posts to quantify the role and position of individual posts in the network. Results Compared to provaccine posts (324/580, 55.9%), antivaccine posts (256/580, 44.1%) were more likely to originate from individuals (64.1% antivaccine vs 25.0% provaccine; P<.001) and include personal narratives (37.1% vs 25.6%; P=.003). In the antivaccine network, core misinformation characteristics included mentioning #Gardasil, purporting to reveal a lie (ie, concealment), conspiracy theories, unsubstantiated claims, and risk of vaccine injury. Information/resource posts clustered around misinformation domains including falsification, nanopublications, and vaccine-preventable disease, whereas personal narrative posts clustered around different domains of misinformation, including concealment, injury, and conspiracy theories. The most liked post (6634 likes) in our full subsample was a positive personal narrative post, created by a non-health individual; the most liked post (5604 likes) in our antivaccine subsample was an informational post created by a health individual. Conclusions Identifying characteristics of misinformation related to HPV vaccine on social media will inform targeted interventions (eg, network opinion leaders) and help sow corrective information and stories tailored to different falsehoods.
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Hajnal, Ferenc, Csilla Busa, Renáta Papp, and Sándor Balogh. "Az alapellátásban dolgozó orvosok és munkatársaik preventív szerepe járványok idején. Fókuszcsoportokra alapozott szakmapolitikai hatáselemzés a 2009/2010. évi H1N1 influenza-világjárvány tapasztalatairól." Orvosi Hetilap 158, no. 14 (April 2017): 523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2017.30627.
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Abstract: Introduction: The experiences gained during the H1N1 flu pandemic in 2009/2010 could serve for a better planning and management of later outbreaks. Aim: The EU-sponsored TELL ME project aimed to provide evidence and develop models for improved risk communication during infectious disease crisis. Among its objectives was to develop original communication strategies regarding appropriate messages related to preventative behavior and advice based on uncertainties also addressing vaccine-resistant groups. Method: Focus groups involving family physicians (FPs) were called upon for assessing the main issues during the H1N1 pandemic, the possibilities for improving the preventative process and outcomes. Results: The study demonstrated the key-role of family doctors during outbreaks; patients put their trust in their elected FP, he or she representing a personal example of health behavior. The evidence based information about effectiveness and safety of vaccines are needed in communication towards health professionals. Conclusions: Involvement of health care professionals in the communication provides validity, the communication routine of opinion leaders meant to be used for such purpose. The main media message should be: “For prevention go to see your family doctor”. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(14), 523–532.
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Rzymski, Piotr, Barbara Poniedziałek, and Andrzej Fal. "Willingness to Receive the Booster COVID-19 Vaccine Dose in Poland." Vaccines 9, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111286.
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COVID-19 vaccinations are essential to mitigate the pandemic and prevent severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, the serum antibody levels in vaccinated individuals gradually decrease over time, while SARS-CoV-2 is undergoing an evolution toward more transmissible variants, such as B.1.617.2, ultimately increasing the risk of breakthrough infections and further virus spread. This cross-sectional online study of adult Poles (n = 2427) was conducted in September 2021 (before a general recommendation to administer a booster COVID-19 vaccine dose in Poland was issued) to assess the attitude of individuals who completed the current vaccination regime toward a potential booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine and identify potential factors that may influence it. Overall, 71% of participants declared willingness to receive a booster COVID-19 dose, with a low median level of fear of receiving it of 1.0 (measured by the 10-point Likert-type scale), which was increased particularly in those having a worse experience (in terms of severity of side effects and associated fear) with past COVID-19 vaccination. The lowest frequency of willingness to receive a booster dose (26.7%) was seen in the group previously vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S. The majority of individuals vaccinated previously with mRNA vaccines wished to receive the same vaccine, while in the case of AZD1222, such accordance was observed only in 9.1%. The main reasons against accepting a booster COVID-19 dose included the side effects experienced after previous doses, the opinion that further vaccination is unnecessary, and safety uncertainties. Women, older individuals (≥50 years), subjects with obesity, chronic diseases, and pre-vaccination and post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infections, and those with a history of vaccination against influenza were significantly more frequently willing to receive a booster COVID-19 dose. Moreover, the majority of immunosuppressed individuals (88%) were willing to receive an additional dose. The results emphasize some hesitancy toward potential further COVID-19 vaccination in the studied group of Poles and indicate the main groups to be targeted with effective science communication regarding the booster doses.
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Žagminas, Kęstutis, Genė Šurkienė, Natalija Urbanovič, and Rimantas Stukas. "Parental attitudes towards children’s vaccination." Medicina 43, no. 2 (January 13, 2007): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina43020020.
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Objective. To assess parental attitudes and knowledge about children’s vaccination. Methods. In this study, 20 day-care centers, 25 schools, and 6 health centers were randomly selected in Vilnius, and an anonymous survey of 2743 parents was conducted. Females made up 85.2% of all respondents, males –14.8%; the mean age was 35.7 years. Results. Two-thirds of respondents (66.7%) agreed that vaccines for children’s immunization are safe; 80.7% stated that vaccination is more beneficial than harmful. Only 16.9% of parents indicated that vaccines cause adverse events more frequently than other medical treatment, 62.7% that vaccines are amongst the most effective and least costly forms of medical treatment, and 35.9% that vaccines always warrant protection. Majority of parents agreed that children’s vaccination is essential (89.0%), and children should be vaccinated regularly according schedule (88.6%). Only 30.1% of respondents agreed with the idea of taking a newly developed vaccine even if it has been carefully tested for safety; 42.3% of respondents could afford to pay for nonreimbursed vaccines. On an average, 38.0% of respondents know that they should be revaccinated every 10 years against diphtheria and tetanus, 61.3% have never been vaccinated against influenza. The main sources of information on vaccination are medical institutions (92.2%), print media (38.1%), and broadcast media (38.2%). Conclusions. While most of respondents can be characterized as having a positive opinion about vaccination, 20–40% of respondents indicated insufficient knowledge on this issue. For implementing the new vaccines, communication efforts should focus on clarifying correct parental beliefs about immunization. Vaccines for child should be reimbursed on the same basis as other medical treatment. Vaccination of adult and risk groups should be emphasized in the national vaccination program.
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Holloway, Ian, Elizabeth Wu, Jennifer Gildner, Vincent Fenimore, and Paula Frew. "Vaccination Response to an Ongoing Meningitis Outbreak: Uptake and Attitudes among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Los Angeles, CA." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1046.
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Abstract Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). Following a 2016 IMD outbreak in Southern California, public health officials issued an advisory that urged at-risk adult gay and bisexual men, and all people with HIV, to obtain immunizations. Despite public health efforts to increase MCV4 coverage, uptake and acceptance among MSM remains unknown. Thus, our study sought to: (1) estimate reported MCV4 immunization among MSM in Los Angeles, CA; and (2) document the facilitators and barriers to the newest vaccination recommendation following the recent outbreak. Methods From November 2016 through February 2017, we used venue-based sampling to recruit MSM in Los Angeles (N = 513). Eligible participants completed a 30-minute iPad survey that included items on MCV4 status, sexual behavior, vaccination knowledge and behaviors among other factors. Chi-square and independent sample t-tests were used to determine bivariate associations. Statistically significant variables from bivariate analyses were included in a multivariate logistic regression model predicting MCV4 uptake. Results Participants were young (M=33, SD=10) and racially/ethnically diverse: White (35.7%), Black/African American (14.6%), Hispanic (36.5%), Asian/Pacific Islander (4.1%), Other (9.2%). Reported MCV4 immunization among MSM (25.4%) and MSM living with HIV (37.7%) was low. Statistically significant correlates of MCV4 uptake in our multivariate model included: younger age (aOR=2.51), prior STI diagnosis (aOR=2.21), believing MCV4 vaccination was important (aOR=3.45), having confidence in the MCV4 vaccine (aOR=5.43), and knowing someone who had received the vaccination (aOR=5.79). Conclusion MSM’s perceived health risk, vaccine confidence, and knowledge of someone who received the MCV4 vaccine were important indicators of meningitis immunization in this outbreak context. Provider and public health education efforts may be enhanced by messages that emphasize personal health risks, the safety and efficacy of MCV4, and the importance of meningococcal vaccines for men’s health. Popular opinion leader programs facilitated by someone who had been vaccinated are warranted to enhance MCV4 uptake. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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STEGNII, OLEKSANDR. "Biopolitics during the COVID-19 pandemic: dilemmas of public safety and freedom." Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing, Stmm. 2021 (2) (July 12, 2021): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/sociology2021.02.181.
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The article considers the problem of maintaining a balance between the need for public safety and protection of civil liberties in a coronavirus pandemic. The theoretical works of Michel Foucault on biopower and biopolitics, the feasibility of using a biological model of government to organize modern government measures to combat the spread of the pandemic are analyzed. The global scale of the spread of the coronavirus brings biopower to a fundamentally higher level of subordination. Modern biopolitics should be understood as political rationality, which assumes the management of life and population as a subject. Modern biopolitics should be seen as a strategic coordination of national governments and the global community, to determine the potential ability of government agencies to regulate and regulate biological hazards, including the spread of infectious diseases. Effective international cooperation in overcoming the pandemic is hampered by "vaccine nationalism", the use of vaccine production as a tool of geopolitical competition. Biopower determines the individual well-being and self-awareness of people, significantly affects social ties, promising adequate protection against pathogenic influences, epidemiological threats to health. The introduction of strict restrictions on movement, quarantine measures is proclaimed by the authorities as the need to break the chain of epidemiological infection. The unconditional importance of biosafety as a component of public security determines the consent of citizens to the restriction of their freedoms, to which they did not previously agree. From this point of view, there is a fundamental possibility of implementing a democratic biopolitics in a pandemic. n Ukraine, the attitude of public opinion to the restrictive measures of the government is determined by the effectiveness of compensatory proposals for small businesses, primarily the ability to save jobs and minimize fiscal pressure. The danger of the COVID-19 pandemic for modern Ukrainian society lies not only in the large-scale epidemiological crisis, but also in the danger of provoking foreign government decisions. In this socio-political context, the weight of arguments in favor of the spread of preventive measures without suspension of economic activity, namely the conduct of a permanent information campaign among the population on the rules of conduct in a pandemic.
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Atkinson, Christopher L., and Allison M. Atkinson. "Vaccine Hesitancy and Administrative Burden in the Australian National Immunisation Program: An Analysis of Twitter Discourse." Knowledge 1, no. 1 (October 6, 2021): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/knowledge1010004.
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In Australia, the National Immunisation Program and its Standard Vaccination Schedule are administered by the Australian Government Department of Health. While the public vaccination program’s safety and worth are generally agreed upon by doctors and public health professionals, some continue to see vaccinations as a source of danger and harm. The burden of vaccination in order to receive public services aligns government and medical interests, but a less-than-trusting public may see conspiracy in such requirements, resulting in vaccine hesitancy. The media’s attention to the topic, and a tendency toward misinformation on the part of anti-government opinion leaders, necessitate additional exploration of the administrative burden of vaccinations in an increasingly complex policy environment, where public health benefits are weighed against individual freedom and belief. This paper examines vaccinations as a burden, with costs in compliance, learning, and psychological terms, using posts from the social networking site Twitter as a corpus for exploratory content analysis in the specific case of Australia and its requirements. It is worth considering whether the positive aspects messaged by public health professionals are successfully entering into the discourse on vaccinations.
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Rus, Mihaela, Tănase Tasențe, and Georgiana Tănase. "The importance of the consultation process in order to implement public policies. Public consultation on enhanced cooperation against vaccine-preventable diseases." Technium Social Sciences Journal 37 (November 9, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v37i1.7657.
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Between 20-25 November 2020, we applied a questionnaire on public consultation on enhanced cooperation against vaccine-preventable diseases, on a sample format of 130 responses. The objectives of the research were to measure the social perception of citizens about public vaccination policies during the Covid-19 pandemic. Also, this case study aims to identify the factors that influence the vaccination program, ways and initiators of communication on the safety, efficacy and effectiveness of vaccination, both for citizens and for medical specialties. In addition, another objective is to identify the credibility of vaccination campaigns and their effective evaluation. Moreover, this study aims to find out people's perception of how each state should adapt to internal needs (relative to European public policies), but also the opinion of respondents about the responsibility for information and ways to document them with scientific and convincing arguments, concluding how well a public health policy could be managed if there is adequate consultation.
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Adeyemi, Kayode. "Misinformation about COVID-19 among internet users in Nigeria: Tools to effective public awareness, prevention and control." International Journal of Modern Anthropology 15, no. 2 (May 27, 2021): 469–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v15i2.4.
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Since the World Health Organization announced in early 2020 that the COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by an infodemic of misinformation, we are left with the question of public perspective-driven compliance to safety measures. This preliminary study evaluated some claims about COVID-19 including vaccine conspiracy theories among Nigerians with factors influencing it. An online structured questionnaire was designed to collect one-time data from voluntary participants. Demographically, major respondents were; bachelor: 284 (75.1%), age-group between 18 and 30 years: 312 (82.5%) and male: 207 (54.8%). Those that do not know the range of infected population in the country accounted for 260 (72.2%). In opinion, 57 (15.1%) supported that SARS-COV-2 cannot survive the warm climate of African continent, and 41 (10.8%) believed the hoax theory about COVID-19. Unapproved herbal medication was reported to be used by 251 (66.4%) of the respondents while 92 (24.3%) made use of Chloroquine. For transmission related conceptions, 52 (13.8%) indicated that an asymptomatic carrier cannot spread the virus to another healthy individual. About half of the respondents 182 (48.1%) suspected that SARS-COV-2 was an engineered virus and 173 (45.8%) supported that there are underlying negative intentions on the clinical trial of COVID-19 vaccines on Africans. There is a weak correlation between the demographic data of the respondents and the claims. The level of misconception Nigerians have about COVID-19 is a major concern. Thus, it is imperative to continuously engage in community awareness and education using proven facts about the virus, and its available prophylaxis measures in order to avoid the dangers that are associated with the prevailing misconceptions.
Keywords: Misinformation, Vaccine conspiracy, COVID-19, Compliance
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Adeyemi, Kayode. "Misinformation about COVID-19 among internet users in Nigeria: Tools to effective public awareness, prevention and control." International Journal of Modern Anthropology 2, no. 15 (May 27, 2021): 469–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v2i15.4.
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Since the World Health Organization announced in early 2020 that the COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by an infodemic of misinformation, we are left with the question of public perspective-driven compliance to safety measures. This preliminary study evaluated some claims about COVID-19 including vaccine conspiracy theories among Nigerians with factors influencing it. An online structured questionnaire was designed to collect one-time data from voluntary participants. Demographically, major respondents were; bachelor: 284 (75.1%), age-group between 18 and 30 years: 312 (82.5%) and male: 207 (54.8%). Those that do not know the range of infected population in the country accounted for 260 (72.2%). In opinion, 57 (15.1%) supported that SARS-COV-2 cannot survive the warm climate of African continent, and 41 (10.8%) believed the hoax theory about COVID-19. Unapproved herbal medication was reported to be used by 251 (66.4%) of the respondents while 92 (24.3%) made use of Chloroquine. For transmission related conceptions, 52 (13.8%) indicated that an asymptomatic carrier cannot spread the virus to another healthy individual. About half of the respondents 182 (48.1%) suspected that SARS-COV-2 was an engineered virus and 173 (45.8%) supported that there are underlying negative intentions on the clinical trial of COVID-19 vaccines on Africans. There is a weak correlation between the demographic data of the respondents and the claims. The level of misconception Nigerians have about COVID-19 is a major concern. Thus, it is imperative to continuously engage in community awareness and education using proven facts about the virus, and its available prophylaxis measures in order to avoid the dangers that are associated with the prevailing misconceptions.
Keywords: Misinformation, Vaccine conspiracy, COVID-19, Compliance
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Terrec, Florian, Thomas Jouve, Paolo Malvezzi, Bénédicte Janbon, Hamza Naciri Bennani, Lionel Rostaing, and Johan Noble. "Belatacept Use after Kidney Transplantation and Its Effects on Risk of Infection and COVID-19 Vaccine Response." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 21 (November 3, 2021): 5159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215159.
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Introduction: Belatacept is a common immunosuppressive therapy used after kidney transplantation (KT) to avoid calcineurin-inhibitor (CNI) use and its related toxicities. It is unclear whether its use exposes KT recipients (KTx) to a greater risk of infection or a poorer response to vaccines. Areas covered: We reviewed PubMed and the Cochrane database. We then summarized the mechanisms and impacts of belatacept use on the risk of infection, particularly opportunistic, in two settings, i.e., de novo KTx and conversion from CNIs. We also focused on COVID-19 infection risk and response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients whose maintenance immunosuppression relies on belatacept. Expert opinion: When belatacept is used de novo, or after drug conversion the safety profile regarding the risk of infection remains good. However, there is an increased risk of opportunistic infections, mainly CMV disease and Pneumocystis pneumonia, particularly in those with a low eGFR, in older people, in those receiving steroid-based therapy, or those that have an early conversion from CNI to belatacept (i.e., <six months post-transplantation). Thus, we recommend, if possible, delaying conversion from CNI to belatacept until at least six months post-transplantation. Optimal timing seems to be eight months post-transplantation. In addition, KTx receiving belatacept respond poorly to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
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van Assen, S., N. Agmon-Levin, O. Elkayam, R. Cervera, M. F. Doran, M. Dougados, P. Emery, et al. "EULAR recommendations for vaccination in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 70, no. 3 (December 3, 2010): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2010.137216.
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ObjectivesTo develop evidence-based European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for vaccination in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD).MethodsA EULAR task force was composed of experts representing 11 European countries, consisting of eight rheumatologists, four clinical immunologists, one rheumatologist/clinical immunologist, one infectious disease physician, one nephrologist, one paediatrician/rheumatologist and one clinical epidemiologist. Key questions were formulated and the eligible spectrum of AIIRD, immunosuppressive drugs and vaccines were defined in order to perform a systematic literature review. A search was made of Medline from 1966 to October 2009 as well as abstracts from the EULAR meetings of 2008 and 2009 and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) meetings of 2007 and 2008. Evidence was graded in categories I–IV, the strength of recommendations was graded in categories A–D and Delphi voting was applied to determine the level of agreement between the experts of the task force.ResultsEight key questions and 13 recommendations addressing vaccination in patients with AIIRD were formulated. The strength of each recommendation was determined. Delphi voting revealed a very high level of agreement with the recommendations among the experts of the task force. Finally, a research agenda was proposed.ConclusionRecommendations for vaccination in patients with AIIRD based on the currently available evidence and expert opinion were formulated. More research is needed, particularly regarding the incidence of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases and the safety of vaccination in patients with AIIRD.
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Mitrovic, Jelena, Sandra Knezevic, Jelena Zugic, Milica Kostic-Stankovic, Marija Jovic, and Radmila Janicic. "Creating social marketing strategy on the internet within preventive health care - human papilloma virus vaccination campaign." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 147, no. 5-6 (2019): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh170811063m.
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Introduction/Objective. The main aim of the paper is to develop a foundation for creating internet social marketing strategy in preventive health care, through research and campaign for vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV). The aim of the study was to introduce a strategic approach of social marketing on social networks, for vaccination against HPV campaign in Serbia. Methods. Quantitative research was conducted through the internet in December of 2016, using the survey method. Participants in the study were parents whose children were candidates for the vaccination. Results. The research has shown that nearly one third of respondents do not know what HPV is, and about the same number of respondents know that HPV causes cancer. In addition, only 14.5% of respondents know that HPV is the most common transmitted disease in the world. With adequate awareness of safety, 97% of respondents would decide to vaccinate their children. Only 39% of parents could afford the vaccination, although opinion change is caused by the information about the price of the HPV vaccine. Consequently, 97.5% of the respondents would opt for vaccination in the case that it is free. Conclusion. Based on the results, and compared with best practices of other countries, we provided a marketing strategy via social networks. The campaign focuses on the raising awareness of the need for HPV vaccination and cancer prevention, including disseminating information to the target population, through social networks.
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Cristea, Darie, Dragoș-Georgian Ilie, Claudia Constantinescu, and Valeriu Fîrțală. "Acceptance, Hesitancy, and Refusal in Anti-COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cluster Analysis Aiming at the Typology behind These Three Concepts." Vaccines 10, no. 9 (September 8, 2022): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091496.
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This paper presents the findings of a study aiming at an innovative typology of attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. The proposed typology tries to go beyond the common sociological studies who divide the public into three categories: pro-vaxxers, anti-vaxxers, and hesitants. Our purpose is obtaining a more complex typology using cluster analysis. The article is based on a nation-wide survey conducted in Romania. The sample of the survey was statistically representative to the population of Romania and was composed of 1002 participants. A k-means algorithm for classifying cases was used to identify how the studied population structures itself when it comes to attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. We see hesitancy as an expression of concern or doubt about the value or safety of the vaccination, but also as fear or dis(trust) in the authorities, or as disinterest. We found out that the Romanian public falls into three categories regarding the attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination: the “non-fanatical” pro-vaxxers, the anti-vaxxers, and those without a clear opinion (uninterested and/or undecided). What we usually call “vaccine hesitancy” can be found, depending on motivation or type of hesitancy, in both of the last two clusters.
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Middleman, Amy, Judy Klein, and Jane Quinn. "Vaccine Hesitancy in the Time of COVID-19: Attitudes and Intentions of Teens and Parents Regarding the COVID-19 Vaccine." Vaccines 10, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10010004.
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To assess attitudes and intentions related to the COVID-19 vaccine during the pandemic, we surveyed adolescents aged 13–18 years and the parents of 13–18-year-olds using national research panels on three occasions or “waves”: before the COVID-19 vaccine was available, after it was available for adults, and after it was available for ages ≥12 years. Data on experiences with COVID-19, the importance of adolescent vaccines, and intentions regarding COVID-19 vaccination were analyzed across time points. We found that parental concerns about vaccine safety significantly increased from Wave 1 to 2. Social media had a negative influence on parents’ and adolescents’ opinions about vaccine safety. Demographic variables were associated with vaccination rates reported in Wave 3, consistent with known inequities related to vaccine access. Parents (70%) were supportive of concomitant COVID-19 vaccination with other adolescent vaccines for teens. It is important to address variables associated with vaccine hesitancy to increase COVID-19 vaccine coverage rates in the US.
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Pappalardo, Francesco, Giulia Russo, Flora Musuamba Tshinanu, and Marco Viceconti. "In silico clinical trials: concepts and early adoptions." Briefings in Bioinformatics 20, no. 5 (June 2, 2018): 1699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bby043.
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Abstract Innovations in information and communication technology infuse all branches of science, including life sciences. Nevertheless, healthcare is historically slow in adopting technological innovation, compared with other industrial sectors. In recent years, new approaches in modelling and simulation have started to provide important insights in biomedicine, opening the way for their potential use in the reduction, refinement and partial substitution of both animal and human experimentation. In light of this evidence, the European Parliament and the United States Congress made similar recommendations to their respective regulators to allow wider use of modelling and simulation within the regulatory process. In the context of in silico medicine, the term ‘in silico clinical trials’ refers to the development of patient-specific models to form virtual cohorts for testing the safety and/or efficacy of new drugs and of new medical devices. Moreover, it could be envisaged that a virtual set of patients could complement a clinical trial (reducing the number of enrolled patients and improving statistical significance), and/or advise clinical decisions. This article will review the current state of in silico clinical trials and outline directions for a full-scale adoption of patient-specific modelling and simulation in the regulatory evaluation of biomedical products. In particular, we will focus on the development of vaccine therapies, which represents, in our opinion, an ideal target for this innovative approach.
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Maor, Yasmin, and Shaked Caspi. "Attitudes towards influenza, and COVID-19 vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic among a representative sample of the Jewish Israeli population." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 11, 2022): e0255495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255495.
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Background Vaccine hesitancy is increasing. We assessed attitudes toward influenza and COVID-19 vaccines and the relation between hesitancy to influenza vaccine and hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccines. Methods A structured questionnaire administered during September 2020 to a representative sample of the Jewish Israeli population assessed attitudes and acceptance of influenza and COVID-19 vaccines. Factors for vaccine hesitancy were determined using logistic regression. Questionnaires were administered prior to the release of clinical data regarding efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines and prior to vaccine rollout. Results We approached 10,625 people, of these 2,080 responded (19%), and 2,024 completed the questionnaire (97.3%), 64.9% aged 15–64 years and 35.1% aged ≥65 years. 37% had co-morbidities. 43.5% experienced financial deterioration due to the pandemic. 65.9% received influenza vaccine ≥1 time in the past. Influenza vaccination rates were higher in the elderly (81.8%). Reasons for influenza vaccine hesitancy were opinions that the vaccine is ineffective (27.1%), and fear of side effects (29.3%). 8.2% of people aged 16–64 and 13.8% of people aged≥65 refused to be vaccinated at least once over the course of one’s lifetime. Percent of responders willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine were higher than percent of responders willing to receive the influenza vaccine both in people aged 16–64 years (942 (72.3%) vs. 38.4%, respectively) and in people 65 years and older (84.0% vs. 76.8%, respectively). Hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccine was associated with hesitancy towards other vaccines. Only 26.8% would participate in a COVID-19 vaccine trial. Conclusions Willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine was higher than willingness to receive influenza vaccine. The results point to areas of fear from influenza vaccines side effects and lack of knowledge regarding influenza vaccines effectiveness that can be addressed to increase acceptance. Hesitancy towards other vaccines was associated with hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccination.
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Nakhostin-Ansari, Amin, Gregory D. Zimet, Mohammad Saeid Khonji, Faezeh Aghajani, Azin Teymourzadeh, Amir Ali Rastegar Kazerooni, Pendar Pirayandeh, et al. "Acceptance or Rejection of the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Study on Iranian People’s Opinions toward the COVID-19 Vaccine." Vaccines 10, no. 5 (April 23, 2022): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050670.
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We aimed to assess the Iranian people’s attitude and confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine, their concerns about the safety of vaccines, and their reasons for accepting or rejecting the COVID-19 vaccine. We conducted a web-based cross-sectional study with a mixed qualitative–quantitative approach from December 2020 to February 2021. Our questionnaire consisted of a COVID-19 vaccine attitude questionnaire, a COVID-19 vaccine confidence inventory, a modified vaccine safety scale, and questions about participants’ decision to accept or refuse the COVID-19 vaccine, and their explanations for their decisions. The research included 1928 people with an average age of 34.88 years with 1236 (64.1%) being female. A total of 1330 participants desired to have the COVID-19 vaccine (69%). Female gender, lower educational levels, following COVID-19 news through sources other than websites and social media, not following COVID-19 news, and loss of a first-degree relative due to COVID-19 were all associated with a more negative attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine (p < 0.01). To conclude, the acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine among Iranians is comparable to the international average; however, it is still unfavorable. There are serious challenges to the vaccination program in Iran, such as older adults’ lower intention to undergo the COVID-19 vaccine and misinformation.
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Raymond, Martha Ann, and Margaret-Ann Simonetta. "Exploring cancer clinical trial participation in the new normal of COVID-19: The patient perspective." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2021): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.3_suppl.461.
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461 Background: The impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) has significantly affected cancer patients seeking to enroll in a clinical trial. The pandemic has led to an unprecedented disruption across the cancer research community pausing trial operations. Data from the National Institute of Health and the National Library of Medicine indicates 988 cancer clinical trials were suspended from March September 1, 2020, with 60% of institutions enrolling patients at a lower rate. Our research underscores the patient perspective of clinical trial participation amid COVID-19. Methods: July September 2020 Nationwide eight-week online survey and interviews. Research goals: gain a better understanding of barriers and cultural attitudes of ethnically diverse communities regarding trial participation; learn the enhanced safety measures needed for patients to feel comfortable returning to the clinic; better understand the importance of effective patient-clinician communication. Results: 511 patient participants reported the following insights: 86% reported their healthcare team had not discussed trial participation; 99% reported being comfortable with telehealth visits for pre-screening and monitoring; 82% receive care at community-based hospitals. Barriers to enrollment and additional safety considerations include gaps in outreach and education services for ethnically diverse communities; absence of cultural sensitivity and disregard of historical perspective; financial insecurity and travel; and the need for increased COVID-19 testing, enhanced safety protocols and a proven vaccine. Participants identified their ethnicity as 38% Caucasian; 24% Black/African American; 19% Hispanic/Latino; 16% Asian; 2% Native American/Pacific Islander. Conclusions: Clinical trials provide patients access to the newest treatments, and yet only 2%-3% of adult cancer patients enroll in a trial. Common barriers to trial participation have been widely researched, but now amongst the coronavirus pandemic, additional barriers are evident. Based on our research, our call to action is clear: work with key opinion leaders in ethnically diverse populations to help build trust and mutual respect when discussing research studies; and engage patients and clinicians to openly discuss clinical trial enrollment working toward patient-centered communication. The coronavirus pandemic is a devastating public health threat, and it will take a collective effort from the entire cancer community to minimize the effect of COVID-19 on cancer clinical trial participation.