Academic literature on the topic 'Vaccine engineering'

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Journal articles on the topic "Vaccine engineering"

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Rizqoh, Debie. "Genetic Engineering Technique in Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Construction." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia 16, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/jkmi.16.4.2021.203-211.

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Vaccine becomes a very effective strategy to deal with various infectious diseases even to the point of eradication as in the smalpox virus. At present many conventional vaccines such as inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines. However, these vaccine methods have side effects on the population. Viral-like particle (VLP) is an alternative vaccine based on recombinant DNA technology that is safe with the same immunogenicity as conventional viruses. This vaccine has been shown to induce humoral immune responses mediated by antibodies and cellular immune responses mediated by cytotoxic T cells. With these advantages, currently various types of vaccines have only been developed on a VLP basis. VLP can be produced from a variety of recombinant gene expression systems including bacterial cell expression systems, yeast cells, insect cells, mammalian cells, plant cells, and cell-free systems.
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Casiño, Jenny J., and Angelo Mark P. Walag. "Issues and Challenges of, Factors that Affect, and the Primary Influences of Parents’ Decisions to Vaccinate their Adolescents: A Case of a Local National High School in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy29752.

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Vaccines are considered to be the center of the prevention and management of viral diseases. Even with the wide acceptance that vaccines are safe, vaccine hesitancy is still rampant in various parts of the world. Several historical, social, religious, and moral factors were identified and observed to have influence parent’s vaccine acceptance or hesitance. Parent’s vaccine hesitance or acceptance is crucial since adolescents constitute the ideal group for immunization. This study aims to uncover the issues and challenges of parents on vaccination, the factors that affect their decision to vaccinate their children, and parents' primary influences to vaccinate their children. A descriptive-survey research design utilizing a questionnaire floated to parents of adolescents in a local high school. It was found out that the level of education and type of occupation was significantly associated with parent's decision to vaccinate their children. The major issue and challenge of parents toward vaccination is that they don't find vaccines important and have a high level of distrust towards the government's health agency and medical professionals. The primary factor affecting their decision-making is the negative news on vaccination and vaccine safety. Respondents also reported that even they distrust the government's health agency, they still consider it influential towards their vaccine decision-making. With this, it is recommended that efforts be strengthened in restoring the public's trust towards the government health agency to address vaccine hesitancy.
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Schlotthauer, Felicia, Joey McGregor, and Heidi E. Drummer. "To Include or Occlude: Rational Engineering of HCV Vaccines for Humoral Immunity." Viruses 13, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13050805.

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Direct-acting antiviral agents have proven highly effective at treating existing hepatitis C infections but despite their availability most countries will not reach the World Health Organization targets for elimination of HCV by 2030. A prophylactic vaccine remains a high priority. Whilst early vaccines focused largely on generating T cell immunity, attention is now aimed at vaccines that generate humoral immunity, either alone or in combination with T cell-based vaccines. High-resolution structures of hepatitis C viral glycoproteins and their interaction with monoclonal antibodies isolated from both cleared and chronically infected people, together with advances in vaccine technologies, provide new avenues for vaccine development.
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Nuismer, Scott L., Benjamin M. Althouse, Ryan May, James J. Bull, Sean P. Stromberg, and Rustom Antia. "Eradicating infectious disease using weakly transmissible vaccines." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1841 (October 26, 2016): 20161903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1903.

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Viral vaccines have had remarkable positive impacts on human health as well as the health of domestic animal populations. Despite impressive vaccine successes, however, many infectious diseases cannot yet be efficiently controlled or eradicated through vaccination, often because it is impossible to vaccinate a sufficient proportion of the population. Recent advances in molecular biology suggest that the centuries-old method of individual-based vaccine delivery may be on the cusp of a major revolution. Specifically, genetic engineering brings to life the possibility of a live, transmissible vaccine. Unfortunately, releasing a highly transmissible vaccine poses substantial evolutionary risks, including reversion to high virulence as has been documented for the oral polio vaccine. An alternative, and far safer approach, is to rely on genetically engineered and weakly transmissible vaccines that have reduced scope for evolutionary reversion. Here, we use mathematical models to evaluate the potential efficacy of such weakly transmissible vaccines. Our results demonstrate that vaccines with even a modest ability to transmit can significantly lower the incidence of infectious disease and facilitate eradication efforts. Consequently, weakly transmissible vaccines could provide an important tool for controlling infectious disease in wild and domestic animal populations and for reducing the risks of emerging infectious disease in humans.
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van der Sanden, Sabine M. G., Weilin Wu, Naomi Dybdahl-Sissoko, William C. Weldon, Paula Brooks, Jason O'Donnell, Les P. Jones, et al. "Engineering Enhanced Vaccine Cell Lines To Eradicate Vaccine-Preventable Diseases: the Polio End Game." Journal of Virology 90, no. 4 (November 18, 2015): 1694–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01464-15.

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ABSTRACTVaccine manufacturing costs prevent a significant portion of the world's population from accessing protection from vaccine-preventable diseases. To enhance vaccine production at reduced costs, a genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen was performed to identify gene knockdown events that enhanced poliovirus replication. Primary screen hits were validated in a Vero vaccine manufacturing cell line using attenuated and wild-type poliovirus strains. Multiple single and dual gene silencing events increased poliovirus titers >20-fold and >50-fold, respectively. Host gene knockdown events did not affect virus antigenicity, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9-mediated knockout of the top candidates dramatically improved viral vaccine strain production. Interestingly, silencing of several genes that enhanced poliovirus replication also enhanced replication of enterovirus 71, a clinically relevant virus to which vaccines are being targeted. The discovery that host gene modulation can markedly increase virus vaccine production dramatically alters mammalian cell-based vaccine manufacturing possibilities and should facilitate polio eradication using the inactivated poliovirus vaccine.IMPORTANCEUsing a genome-wide RNAi screen, a collection of host virus resistance genes was identified that, upon silencing, increased poliovirus and enterovirus 71 production by from 10-fold to >50-fold in a Vero vaccine manufacturing cell line. This report provides novel insights into enterovirus-host interactions and describes an approach to developing the next generation of vaccine manufacturing through engineered vaccine cell lines. The results show that specific gene silencing and knockout events can enhance viral titers of both attenuated (Sabin strain) and wild-type polioviruses, a finding that should greatly facilitate global implementation of inactivated polio vaccine as well as further reduce costs for live-attenuated oral polio vaccines. This work describes a platform-enabling technology applicable to most vaccine-preventable diseases.
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Ogonczyk Makowska, Daniela, Marie-Ève Hamelin, and Guy Boivin. "Engineering of Live Chimeric Vaccines against Human Metapneumovirus." Pathogens 9, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9020135.

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Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important human pathogen that, along with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), is a major cause of respiratory tract infections in young infants. Development of an effective vaccine against Pneumoviruses has proven to be particularly difficult; despite over 50 years of research in this field, no vaccine against HMPV or RSV is currently available. Recombinant chimeric viruses expressing antigens of other viruses can be generated by reverse genetics and used for simultaneous immunization against more than one pathogen. This approach can result in the development of promising vaccine candidates against HMPV, and several studies have indeed validated viral vectors expressing HMPV antigens. In this review, we summarize current efforts in generating recombinant chimeric vaccines against HMPV, and we discuss their potential optimization based on the correspondence with RSV studies.
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Vishweshwaraiah, Yashavantha L., and Nikolay V. Dokholyan. "Toward rational vaccine engineering." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 183 (April 2022): 114142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2022.114142.

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Sudhakar, Poda, M. Usha Kiranmayi, Selvaraj Sankarpandian, Manyam Srinivasa Rao, M. Vijayalakshmi, and K. R. S. Sambasiva Rao. "Engineering generic vaccine vectors." International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology 6, no. 1 (2011): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbet.2011.040455.

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Choi, Ji Young, Bhushan Mahadik, and John P. Fisher. "3D printing technologies for in vitro vaccine testing platforms and vaccine delivery systems against infectious diseases." Essays in Biochemistry 65, no. 3 (August 2021): 519–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20200105.

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Abstract Recent advances in 3D printing (3DP) and tissue engineering approaches enable the potential application of these technologies to vaccine research. Reconstituting the native tissue or cellular microenvironment will be vital for successful evaluation of pathogenicity of viral infection and screening of potential vaccines. Therefore, establishing a reliable in vitro model to study the vaccine efficiency or delivery of viral disease is important. Here, this review summarizes two major ways that tissue engineering and 3DP strategies could contribute to vaccine research: (1) 3D human tissue models to study the response to virus can be served as a testbed for new potential therapeutics. Using 3D tissue platform attempts to explore alternative options to pre-clinical animal research for evaluating vaccine candidates. (2) 3DP technologies can be applied to improve the vaccination strategies which could replace existing vaccine delivery. Controlled antigen release using carriers that are generated with biodegradable biomaterials can further enhance the efficient development of immunity as well as combination of multiple-dose vaccines into a single injection. This mini review discusses the up-to-date report of current 3D tissue/organ models for potential vaccine potency and known bioengineered vaccine delivery systems.
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Tripp, Ralph, S. M. G. van der Sanden, W. Wu, N. dybdahl-Sissoko, William Weldon, P. Brooks, J. O'donnell, et al. "Engineering enhanced vaccine cell lines to eradicate vaccine preventable diseases: the polio endgame (VAC9P.1107)." Journal of Immunology 194, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2015): 145.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.145.15.

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Abstract Advances in genomic screening and gene editing technologies provide a means to create the next generation of vaccine manufacturing cell lines. A genome-wide RNAi screen was used to identify gene knock-down events that enhance poliovirus replication with the aim of increasing vaccine yield and reducing the costs and time associated with vaccine production. Primary screen hits were validated with several attenuated and wild poliovirus strains in a Vero cell line employed in vaccine production. Multiple genes were identified that upon silencing increased titers >20-fold, and in some instances, knockdown of a gene or gene combination increased virus titers by >50-fold. Importantly, stable knockout of top candidates from the screen and validation studies using CRISPR technology provided equivalent or improved viral production of multiple serotypes. Several of these gene knockdowns also enhanced titer of enterovirus 71, a clinically relevant virus for which vaccines are being targeted. Host gene silencing events that facilitate poliovirus replication mapped to several cell pathways, and in all cases, gene silencing did not affect poliovirus antigenicity. This study suggests that modulating host genes to increase vaccine production can significantly enhance vaccine production at reduced costs, a finding that should greatly facilitate global implementation of inactivated poliovirus vaccine for polio eradication, and change the paradigm in mammalian vaccine cell line production.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vaccine engineering"

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Brune, Karl Dietrich. "Engineering modular platforms for rapid vaccine development." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:41d57165-6e7c-4ca7-8025-b5ec31794c8c.

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Vaccines have saved more lives than any other medical intervention. Recombinant vaccines provide unmatched safety profiles, but at the expense of reduced immunogenicity. Virus-like particles (VLPs) resemble viruses in size, shape and repetitive arrangement but are devoid of pathogenic genetic material and therefore safe. Poor immunogens can be rendered immunogenic by display on VLPs. Successfully decorating VLPs is still a major challenge. Genetic fusion or chemical modification is often time-consuming and can lead to misassembly or misfolding, which obstructs generation of the desired immune response. SpyCatcher is a genetically encodable protein, previously engineered to form a covalent isopeptide bond to its peptide-partner SpyTag. Presented in this thesis are SpyCatcher-VLPs, based on the fusion of SpyCatcher to the bacteriophage VLP AP205. SpyCatcher- VLPs can be conveniently conjugated with SpyTag fused antigens, simply by mixing. I demonstrate the modularity of this approach by covalently linking several complex, cysteine-rich malarial antigens to SpyCatcher-VLPs, such as the transmission-blocking antigen Pfs25 and the blood-stage antigen CIDR. A single administration of Pfs25-SpyTag conjugated to SpyCatcher-VLPs induced potent antibody generation against Pfs25, even in the absence of adjuvant. Anti-Pfs25 antibodies induced by this platform conveyed potent transmission-blocking activity in the mosquito vector. The thesis further demonstrates the feasibility of more complex Catcher-nanoparticle architectures. The previously engineered SnoopCatcher covalently reacts with SnoopTag peptide and is orthogonal to the SpyCatcher / SpyTag pair. IMX313 is an engineered chimera of the multimerization domain of chicken complement inhibitor C4-binding protein. This work describes fusion of SnoopCatcher and SpyCatcher to IMX313, which yields independently addressable Catcher-moieties on a single IMX313 nanoparticle. Display of two antigens on one particle may enable single-particle, multi-disease vaccines as well as multi-stage vaccines to tackle immune evasion of parasites. The platforms presented should accelerate and enhance vaccine development and may create opportunities for imaging and metabolic engineering.
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Hanes, Justin Scott. "Polymer microspheres for vaccine delivery." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10153.

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Webster, Gina. "Engineering immunoglobulin genes for novel Tuberculosis vaccine production in plants." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.753991.

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Tuberculosis is ranked in the top ten leading causes of death from an infectious disease. In 2015, an estimated 10.4 million people developed TB and 1.8 million died from the disease. There is a long-standing vaccine against TB, called BCG, but its ineffectiveness highlights the need for a new novel vaccine that can help prevent pulmonary TB. Ag85B, the most abundantly expressed protein in mycobacterial culture fluids, is a leading vaccine candidate currently used in various TB subunit vaccines in clinical trials. In this project Ag85B was used to form a novel polymeric immunoglobulin G scaffold (PIGS) vaccine candidate by fusion to truncated IgG y-chain. Moreover, IgM ptp was fused to the y-chain to facilitate polymeric structure formation. The predicted immune-complex-like structures should bind complement and FcRs with increased avidity. PIGS were cloned and expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, purified using protein G affinity chromatography, and polymeric structures were observed by Native PAGE, dynamic light scattering and size exclusion chromatography. These PIGS were shown to be biologically active as they bind to C lq component of the complement cascade as well as FcyRs. More importantly, it was shown that PIGS had greater avidity to low affinity FcyRs, as would be expected for polymeric structures. PIGS were shown to bind to monocytic cells and be internalised. Immunisation and challenge studies in BALB/c and CD64 transgenic mice showed that PIGS are immunogenic but did not improve protection of mice from challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis compared to BCG. Adding polylC adjuvant to human PIGS increased immunogenicity, resulting in spleen CFU counts of M. tuberculosis that were statistically reduced compared to CFU counts from BCG immunised mice. One of the major drawbacks to plant molecular pharming is that often relatively low levels of recombinant protein expression are achieved. As plants were used to express the vaccine candidate, a codon optimization algorithm was tested using synonymous codon variants of the native human 2G12 heavy chain which could be applied to increase the expression levels of any plant-made antibody, including the tuberculosis vaccine candidate. However, preliminary results indicated no improvement in 2G12 monoclonal antibody yield using any of the codon optimized variants, compared to native sequence. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that plant-produced PIGS contained polymeric structures and were capable of eliciting an immune response in vivo. Addition of adjuvant, polyIC, resulted in increased immunogenicity of the human PIGS candidate and improved protection of mice from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, measured by the lower CFU counts, in the spleen, compared to BCG immunized mice.
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Kaczorowski, Kevin J. "Data-driven strategies for vaccine design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117327.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, February 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Vaccination is one of the greatest achievements in immunology and in general medicine, and has virtually eradicated many infectious diseases that plagued humans in the past. Vaccination involves injecting an individual with some version of the pathogen in order to allow the individual to develop a memory immune response that will protect them from future challenge with the same pathogen. Until recently, vaccine development has largely followed empirical paradigms that have proven successful against many diseases. However, many pathogens have now evolved that defy success using the traditional approaches. Rational design of vaccines against such pathogens will likely require interdisciplinary approaches spanning engineering, immunology, and the physical sciences. In this thesis, we combine theoretical approaches with protein sequence and clinical data to address two contemporary problems in vaccinology: 1. Developing an antibody vaccine against HIV, an example of a highly mutable pathogen; and 2. Understanding how the many immune components work collectively to effect a systemic immune response, such as to vaccines. In HIV-infected individuals, antibodies produced by the immune system bind to specific parts of an HIV protein called Envelope (Env). However, the virus evades the immune response due to its high mutability, thus making effective vaccine design a huge challenge. To predict the mutational vulnerabilities of the virus, we developed a model (a fitness landscape) to translate sequence data into knowledge of viral fitness, a measure of the ability of the virus to replicate and thrive. The landscape accounts explicitly for coupling interactions between mutations at different positions within the protein, which often dictate how the virus evades the immune response. We developed new computational approaches that enabled us to tackle the large size and mutational variability of Env, since previous approaches have been unsuccessful in this case. A small fraction of HIV-infected individuals produce a class of antibodies called broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), which neutralize a diverse number of HIV strains and can thus tolerate many mutations in Env. To investigate the mechanisms underlying breadth of these bnAbs, we combined our landscape with 3D protein structures to gain insight into the spatial distribution of binding interactions between bnAbs and Env. Based on this, we designed an optimal set of immunogens (i.e. Env sequences), with mutations at key residues, that are potentially likely to lead to the elicitation of bnAbs via vaccination. We hope that these antigens will soon be tested in animal models. Even when the right immunogens are included in a vaccine, a potent immune response is not always induced. For example, some individuals do not respond to protective influenza vaccines as desired. The human immune system consists of many different immune cells that coordinate their actions to fight infections and respond to vaccines. The balance between these cell populations is determined by direct interactions and soluble factors such as cytokines, which serve as messengers between cells. A mechanistic understanding of how the various immune components cooperate to bring about the immune response can guide strategies to improve vaccine efficacy. To investigate whether differences in immune response could be explained by variation in immune cell compositions across individuals, we analyzed experimental measurements of various immune cell population frequencies in a cohort of healthy humans. We demonstrated that human immune variation in these parameters is continuous rather than discrete. Furthermore, we showed that key combinations of these immune parameters can be used to predict immune response to diverse stimulations, namely cytokine stimulation and vaccination. Thus, we defined the concept of an individual's "immunotype" as their location within the space of these key combinations of parameters. This result highlights a previously unappreciated connection between immune cell composition and systemic immune responses, and can guide future development of therapies that aim to collectively, rather than independently, manipulate immune cell frequencies.
by Kevin J. Kaczorowski.
Ph. D.
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DeMuth, Peter C. (Peter Charles). "Engineered microneedles for transcutaneous vaccine delivery." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81667.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biological Engineering, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-165).
Immunization is a powerful approach for the prevention and control of infectious disease, however despite the successes of modem vaccine development, there remain several notable obstacles for the advancement of vaccine-mediated improvements in global healthcare. Many of the current limitations in vaccine availability and administration are the result of obligate needle-based delivery, which in addition to contributing to reduced speed, ease, and compliance in administration, has been shown to contribute to reduced overall safety due to needle re-use and needle-based injuries. Needle-based vaccine delivery to immunologically passive tissues such as muscle may limit efficacy, thus motivating the targeting of more inherently potent immune-competent sites. These inherent limitations of needle-based vaccination on global health have led to a strong impetus to develop needle-free vaccination strategies which have the potential to improve vaccine efficacy and availability, enhance the ease, speed, and safety of vaccine administration, and reduce vaccination associated costs world-wide. Here we present the design and preclinical testing of several parallel materials strategies for the noninvasive delivery of subunit vaccines to the skin. We have utilized laser ablative micro-molding of poly(dimethylsiloxane) to generate bio resorbable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) micro-structured skin patches bearing -100 micron-scale needles arrayed across their surface. Upon topical application, these 'microneedle arrays' are able to safely, and painlessly insert into the immune-competent epidermal skin layers to generate microscopic conduits through which otherwise impermeant vaccines and therapeutics are able to passage into the body. We have leveraged this approach in combination with layer-by-layer (LbL) directed assembly to generate vaccine-loaded conformal coatings on the surface of these microneedle arrays, which are then delivered into the skin through topical patch application. The construction of coatings containing antigen-expressing plasmid DNA (pDNA), together with immune-stimulatory RNA, and degradable cationic polymers provided tunable control over vaccine dosage, rapid and effective vaccine delivery in murine and primate skin models, and potent immunogenicity against a model HIV antigen in mice. In this case, DNA vaccine delivery was able to elicit strong functional CD8' T cell and humoral responses matching or exceeding the potency of in vivo electroporation, currently the most promising approach for clinical DNA delivery in humans. Further efforts have explored the use of LbL for encapsulation and delivery of soluble and particulate protein subunit vaccines, giving enhanced generation of diverse and potent humoral responses in mice. In other work, we have developed an approach enabling rapid delivery of micron-scale degradable polymer matrices or hydrogel depots using dissolvable composite microneedle structures for the delivery of vaccines with programmable kinetics. These efforts have demonstrated the potential of persistent vaccine release on tuning immune potency following non-invasive microneedle delivery, including induction of potent effector and memory CD8* T cell responses and more powerful and diverse antigen-specific humoral responses. Finally, we have developed an approach for simple loading and delivery of clinically advanced recombinant adenoviral vaccine vectors from sugar-glass coatings on bioresorbable microneedles. Formulation in microneedle coatings improved vaccine stability at room temperature and preclinical testing of these vaccine patches in mice and nonhuman primates demonstrated equivalent immunogenicity compared to parenteral injection, eliciting strong systemic and disseminated mucosal CD8' and CD4* T cell responses to a model HIV antigen. These cellular responses were correlated with a similarly potent systemic and mucosal humoral response, together suggesting the utility of this approach for non-invasive adenoviral immunization in a model close to humans. Together these results strongly demonstrate the potential of materials engineering strategies for the effective formulation, delivery, and release of recombinant vaccines by microneedle patches targeting the skin. In addition to the significant practical advantages enabled by microneedle delivery including improved safety, convenience, and storage, we have shown that advanced formulation strategies paired with controlled release are able to initiate humoral and cellular adaptive immunity more potently than possible through parenteral injection. Comprehensive tests in both mice and primates have suggested that these principles may be broadly applied to enhance various recombinant vaccination strategies potentially targeting numerous disease targets. Finally, initial tests performed in nonhuman primates have indicated the promise of engineered microneedle approaches for successful translation to humans. Overall, these findings provide a strong basis for the continued development of similar vaccination strategies for the comprehensive transformation of conventional vaccination enabling significant vaccine-mediated improvements in global health.
by Peter C. DeMuth.
Ph.D.
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Wikman, Maria. "Rational and combinatorial protein engineering for vaccine delivery and drug targeting." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Biotechnology, Royal Insitute of Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231.

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Howland, Shanshan W. "Yeast-based vaccine approaches to cancer immunotherapy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45949.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Biological Engineering Division, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae stimulates dendritic cells and represents a promising candidate for cancer immunotherapy development. Effective cross-presentation of antigen delivered to dendritic cells is necessary for successful induction of cellular immunity. Using a yeast vaccine model, we investigated the phagosome-to-cytosol pathway of cross-presentation. We demonstrate that the rate of antigen release from phagocytosed yeast directly affects cross-presentation efficiency, with an apparent time limit of about 25 min post-phagocytosis for antigen release to be productive. Antigen expressed on the yeast surface is cross-presented much more efficiently than antigen trapped in the yeast cytosol by the cell wall. The cross-presentation efficiency of yeast surface-displayed antigen can be increased by the insertion of linkers susceptible to cleavage in the early phagosome. Antigens indirectly attached to yeast through antibody fragments are less efficiently cross-presented when the antibody dissociation rate is extremely slow. Next, we present a yeast-based cancer vaccine approach that is independent of yeast's ability to express the chosen antigen, which is instead produced separately and conjugated to the yeast cell wall. The conjugation method is site-specific (based on the SNAP-tag) and designed to facilitate antigen release in the dendritic cell phagosome and subsequent translocation for cross-presentation.
(cont.) Phagosomal antigen release was further expedited through the insertion of the invariant chain ectodomain as a linker, which is rapidly cleaved by Cathepsin S. The dose of delivered antigen was increased in several ways: by using yeast strains with higher surface amine densities, by using yeast cell wall fragments instead of whole cells, and by conjugating multiple layers of antigen. The novel multi-layer conjugation scheme is site-specific and takes advantage of Sfp phosphopantetheinyl transferase, enabling the antigen dose to grow linearly. We show that whole yeast cells coated with one layer of the cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1 and yeast hulls bearing three layers were able to cross-prime naive CD8+ T cells in vitro, with the latter resulting in higher frequencies of antigen-specific cells after ten days. This cross-presentation-efficient antigen conjugation scheme is not limited to yeast and can readily be applied towards the development of other particulate vaccines.
by Shanshan W. Howland.
Ph.D.
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Chen, Hongming. "Polymerized liposomes as potential oral vaccine delivery vehicles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10343.

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Panas, Cynthia Dawn Walker. "Design and manufacture of low cost vaccine cooler." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40937.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 58).
Vaccines are very sensitive to temperature, needing to be held between 2 and 80°C to maintain potency. In developing countries where electricity and fuel supplies are unreliable, many vaccines are ruined due to thermal exposure. These are also the locations where vaccines are needed the most, yet often many of the vaccines given are ineffective. Long holdover vaccine coolers are designed to maintain a proper internal temperature during long periods of power loss. The most prevalent technology is the ice-lined cooler, but in the field these often have problem with freezing the vaccines. A vaccine cooler was designed that modifies the ice-jacket idea by separating the ice compartment and the vaccine chamber, connecting them through a heat transfer regulating device. The objective of this research is to design and prototype the heat transfer regulating device. After several design iterations a cooling loop filled with R-134a made of 1/8 piping, a 0.055 in ID capillary, and a Clippard normally-closed valve was combined with a modified car thermostat, using peanut oil as its working fluid, to create a thermosyphon type heat transfer device with a safety shutoff to prevent freezing. The prototype was manufactured and tested. It was found that with the proper amount of working fluid, it is possible to run the cooling loop at 4°C and pull heat from the vaccine chamber side to the ice. The peanut oil thermostat was tested and was found to open at a slightly lower temperature than expected, 2.5°C, but still within range. These results indicate that the concept is viable and should be tested in the vaccine cooler.
by Cynthia D. Walker.
S.B.
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Kang, Myungsun(Myungsun Sunny). "Optimizing vaccine dosing kinetics for stronger antibody response." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124586.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "The pagination in this thesis reflects how it was delivered to the Institute Archives and Special Collections. The Table of Contents does not accurately represent the page numbering"--Disclaimer Notice page.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 95-102).
One of the barriers to rational vaccine design against evolving pathogens is our lack of mechanistic understanding of how innate and adaptive immune response systematically emerge and evolve. Immune response is comprised of dynamic events that require many components to cooperate collectively in a manner that spans a range of scales. These characteristics make it hard to predict mechanisms for immune response based solely on experimental observations. This thesis investigates various aspects of affinity maturation that are relevant to vaccination and therapeutic strategies but are not yet fully understood mechanistically, ranging from the evolution of the heterogeneity of the antibody population with respect to affinity to optimal design parameters for temporal dosing of vaccines. Our approach is to apply computational techniques to mathematically model the immune system, and being synergistic with complementary experiments. 1.
As affinity maturation ensues, average affinity of antibodies increase with time while resulting affinity distribution becomes increasingly heterogeneous. To shed light on how the extent of this heterogeneity evolves with time during affinity maturation, we have taken advantage of previously published data of antibodies isolated from individual serum samples. Using the ratio of the strongest to the weakest binding subsets as a metric of heterogeneity (or affinity inequality), we find that after a single injection of small antigen doses, the ratio decreases progressively over time. This is consistent with Darwinian evolution in the strong selection limit. By contrast, neither the average affinity nor the heterogeneity evolves much with time for high doses of antigen, as competition between clones of the same affinity is minimal. 2.
What are the aspects of affinity maturation being altered by various temporal patterns of antigen dosing? Certain extended-duration dosing profiles increase the strength of the humoral response, with exponentially-increasing(EI) dosage providing the greatest enhancement. While this is an exciting result, it is necessary to establish a mechanistic understanding of how immune response be enhanced to further engineer and optimize the temporal patterns. From our computational model, the effect is driven by enhanced capture of antigen in lymph nodes by evolving higher-affinity antibodies early in the GC response. We validate the prediction from independent experimental data, where EI dosage result in promoted capture and retention of the antigen in lymph nodes. To our knowledge, this work is the first to demonstrate a key mechanism for vaccine kinetics in the response of B cells to immunization, and may prove to be an effective method for increasing the efficacy of subunit vaccines. 3.
Are there optimal dosing profiles that maximize total protection? That is, lead to the evolution of the most antibodies of high affinity? In extension of mechanistic studies in 2, we propose a stochastic simulation method that can be used as a tool for optimizing dosage protocols for vaccine delivery. Using this tool, we analyze experimental conditions for EI dosage induce suboptimal immune response and investigate two approaches for the optimization. Specifically, reducing the total dosage optimizes affinity of resulting antibodies, while total protection is optimal neither at constant or EI dosage but that corresponding to a "linear-like" dosing profile. Our approach can be extended to broader applications in vaccine design.
by Myungsun (Sunny) Kang.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering
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Books on the topic "Vaccine engineering"

1

United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Veterinary Services. Recombinant derived pseudorabies vaccine, TK: Environmental assessment and finding of no significant impact. Washington, D.C.?]: The Services, 1987.

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Buttram, Harold E. Are vaccines sowing seeds of genetic change? Quakertown, Pa: Philosohical Pub. Co., 2002.

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V, Karasev Alexander, Malissen Bernard, Vogt, P. K. 1932- (Peter K.), Cooper Max D, Olsnes Sjur, Gleba Yuri Y, Honjō Tasuku, et al., eds. Plant-produced Microbial Vaccines. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009.

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Edouard, Kurstak, ed. Modern vaccinology. New York: Plenum Medical Book Co., 1994.

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This cruel design. New York, NY: Simon Pulse, 2018.

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Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), ed. The changeling plague. New York: Roc, 2003.

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Ho, Jason. Engineering an immunotargeting vaccine for type 1 human immunodeficiency virus. 2004.

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MARROQUÍN-DE JESÚS, Ángel, Juan Manuel OLIVARES-RAMÍREZ, Marisela CRUZ-RAMÍREZ, and Luis Eduardo CRUZ-CARPIO. CIERMMI Women in Science Engineering and Technology TXV. ECORFAN, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35429/h.2021.6.1.180.

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In recent years, society has achieved a better quality of life; this has been possible thanks to scientific and technological advances. Among the advances that have allowed us to move forward is, without a doubt, the development of the vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The method used for the synthesis of this vaccine was developed by Ugur Sahin and Öezlem Türeci, founders of BioNTech. Yes, behind the scientific development of greatest impact and relevance in recent years are a man and a woman. This scientific development was possible thanks to both of them, and here it is important to highlight the quality of women in science related to seeing issues from another perspective. Therefore, the union of their strengths and their differences made it possible to have a vaccine that makes it possible to return to life without confinement, without fear of going out, and with the possibility of enjoying it. Thus, the role of women in science is not only valuable, but fundamental to solve the problems that afflict us today. In this context, I can only thank and congratulate the women who today, thanks to their training, discipline and commitment, are giving us this wonderful work of science. I am sure that more challenges will come, but always counting on them, we will come out ahead. My most sincere appreciation and admiration.
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(Editor), Fred Brown, and L. R. Haaheim (Editor), eds. Modulation of the Immune Response to Vaccine Antigens: Symposium, University of Bergen, June 1996, Developments in Biological Standardizati (Tissue Engineering). S. Karger Publishers (USA), 1998.

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Genetically Engineered Vaccines. Springer, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Vaccine engineering"

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Akache, Bassel, Felicity C. Stark, Gerard Agbayani, Tyler M. Renner, and Michael J. McCluskie. "Adjuvants: Engineering Protective Immune Responses in and Vaccines." In Vaccine Design, 179–231. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1892-9_9.

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Zhu, Jingen, Neeti Ananthaswamy, Swati Jain, Himanshu Batra, Wei-Chun Tang, and Venigalla B. Rao. "CRISPR Engineering of Bacteriophage T4 to Design Vaccines Against and Emerging Pathogens." In Vaccine Design, 209–28. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1884-4_10.

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Du, Ya-Fei, Ming Chen, Jia-Rui Xu, Qian Luo, and Wan-Liang Lu. "Preparation and Characterization of DNA Liposomes Vaccine." In Biomaterial Engineering, 1–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49231-4_20-1.

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Du, Ya-Fei, Ming Chen, Jia-Rui Xu, Qian Luo, and Wan-Liang Lu. "Preparation and Characterization of DNA Liposomes Vaccine." In Biomaterial Engineering, 259–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49320-5_20.

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Huang, Pei-Hua. "Uncertainty, Vaccination, and the Duties of Liberal States." In Philosophy of Engineering and Technology, 97–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08424-9_5.

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AbstractIt is widely accepted that a liberal state has a general duty to protect its people from undue health risks. However, the unprecedented emergent measures against the COVID-19 pandemic taken by governments worldwide give rise to questions regarding the extent to which this duty may be used to justify suspending a vaccine rollout on marginal safety grounds. In this chapter, I use the case of vaccination to argue that while a liberal state has a general duty to protect its people’s health, there is a limit to the measures this duty can be used to justify. First, I argue that since every available option involves different risks and benefits, the incommensurability of the involved risks and benefits forbids the prioritisation of a particular vaccine. Second, I argue that given epistemic limitations and uncertainty, policies that favour certain vaccines are not only epistemically ill-founded but also morally unacceptable. I conclude that in a highly uncertain situation such as the unfolding pandemic, the duty a liberal state ought to uphold is to properly communicate the knowns and unknowns to the general public and help people decide which option to choose for themselves. I call this duty the duty to facilitate risk-taking.
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Chauhan, Virander Singh, and Devesh Bhardwaj. "Current Status of Malaria Vaccine Development." In Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, 143–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36488-9_5.

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Biswas, Saurabh, and Yasha Hasija. "Mucormycosis Vaccine Design using Bioinformatic Tools." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 247–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9885-9_21.

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Noe, W., R. Bux, W. Berthold, and W. Werz. "Optimization of vaccine production for animal health." In Cell Culture Engineering IV, 169–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0257-5_19.

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Kuai, Rui, Lukasz J. Ochyl, Anna Schwendeman, and James J. Moon. "Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Vaccine Applications." In Biomedical Engineering: Frontier Research and Converging Technologies, 177–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21813-7_8.

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Shibasaki, Seiji. "Oral Vaccine Development Using Cell Surface Display Technology." In Yeast Cell Surface Engineering, 149–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5868-5_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Vaccine engineering"

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Kumar, Vishnu, Vijay Srinivasan, and Soundar Kumara. "Towards Smart Vaccine Manufacturing: A Preliminary Study During COVID-19." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70516.

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Abstract Biopharmaceutical community is devising modern techniques to boost the development, production, and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines in large scale with tremendous speed. This has shifted the focus towards smart manufacturing of vaccines through vaccine platforms. Vaccine platforms have great potential to rapidly generate new vaccines and can overcome the challenges of the traditional vaccine manufacturing approach without compromising on safety and efficacy. This preliminary study compares the traditional and modern vaccine manufacturing techniques, reviews COVID-19 vaccine manufacturing scenarios, and presents a framework to critique on the smartness of the novel platform-based COVID-19 vaccine development and manufacturing.
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Devrani, Shitanshu, Sudhanshu Pandey, Shubham Chaturvedi, Krishnakumar Sankar, Shantanu Patil, and K. Sridhar. "Design and Analysis of an Efficient Vaccine Cold Chain Box." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65858.

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Human health is one of the most important concerns for the governments around the world. Global organizations such as WHO (World Health Organization) and PATH (Program for Appropriate Technology in Health) have considerable interest in organizing vaccination programs and its cold chain delivery. The problem predominantly persists in Lower-middle income countries like India where due to inadequate infrastructure and lack of consistent Power supply, significant losses occur in the cold chain. Improvements are required to prevent the loss of costly and precious vaccines during the cold chain. India lacks a reliable power supply and the resulting power cuts interrupt the cold chain, leading to a loss of vaccine potency since they are not within the temperature range of 2–8 °C. This paper studies the current VCB (vaccine carrier box) and cold chain design through the aid of Computer modelling and simulations. Also a novel experimental setup to examine insulation R-value has been devised and studied. Based on this a new design approach is utilized to model a thermoelectric system and early designing is done through the aid of 3-D printing.
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Hasan, Shirin, Mir Mohammad Yousuf, Mubashir Farooq, Nishita Marwah, Syed Ahtisam Ashraf Andrabi, and Hemant Kumar. "e-Vaccine: An Immunization App." In 2021 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Engineering and Management (ICIEM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciem51511.2021.9445386.

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Jida Xing, Chenxia Hu, Allan Ma, Rajan George, James Z. Xing, and Jie Chen. "Pulsed ultrasound for enhancing vaccine production." In 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7318815.

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He, Zijun, Mengshu He, and Emily Yuan. "Vaccine safety and efficacy: A literature review." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRONTIERS OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING (FBSE 2020). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0049198.

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Wu, Sijin, Hao Sun, Yancheng Lu, Susan Grant-Muller, and Lili Yang. "Initial COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution Policy Optimisation." In EBEE 2021: 2021 3rd International Conference on E-Business and E-commerce Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3510249.3510270.

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Man, Chun-tao, Gui-min Sheng, and Tao Zhang. "Adaptive Vaccine Extraction Immune Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm." In 2009 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2009.5302919.

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Ridzuan, Abdul Rauf, Hanita Hassan, Shafinar Ismail, S. Salahudin Suyurno, Yusa Dyujandi, Indra Prawira, and Mohd Hamzatul Akmar Md Zakaria. "Determinants of childhood vaccine rejection among Malaysian parents." In VIII INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL CONFERENCE “INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES AND ENGINEERING” (ICITE 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0119794.

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Baby Jerald, A., and T. R. Gopalakrishnan Nair. "Influenza virus vaccine efficacy based on conserved sequence alignment." In 2012 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (ICoBE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icobe.2012.6179031.

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"Evaluation of a Novel Adjuvant in Rabies Vaccine Formulation." In International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0615084.

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Reports on the topic "Vaccine engineering"

1

Clements, John D., Lucy Freytag, Vijay John, and Tarun Mandal. Tulane/Xavier Vaccine Development/Engineering Project. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada614939.

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Clements, John D., Lucy Freytag, Vijay John, and Tarun Mandal. Tulane/Xavier Vaccine Development/Engineering Project. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada482303.

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Muldrow, Lycurgus L., and Joe Johnson. Genetic Engineering of Clostridium Difficile Toxin A Vaccine. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada242265.

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Muldrow, Lycurgus L., and Joe Johnson. Genetic Engineering of Clostridium Difficile Toxin a Vaccine. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada230411.

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