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Journal articles on the topic 'Vaccination'
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Gavin, Regina M., Melanie Countryman, Joseph Musco, Rachel Ricard, Amalia Roberts, and Christine Lees. "Reaching Diverse Communities During a Local Public Health COVID-19 Vaccination Response Through a Mobile Clinic Compared to Mass Vaccination Sites." Journal of Public Health Management & Practice 30, no. 3 (April 10, 2024): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000001905.
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During the COVID-19 vaccine rollout, local public health agencies were responsible for vaccinating a wide variety of communities. Dakota County Public Health (Dakota County, Minnesota) implemented a program that offered COVID-19 vaccines in a variety of settings, such as county public health buildings, community sites, in-home, mass vaccination clinics, and a mobile clinic unit. The purpose of this analysis is to compare the demographics of vaccinations administered at Dakota County COVID-19 vaccination clinics based on clinic site. More than half (52.5%) of vaccinations administered at mobile clinic sites were administered to Hispanic or Latino clients, while at the mass vaccination clinic site, 5.4% of vaccinations were administered to Hispanic or Latino clients. In addition, 59.6% of in-home vaccinations were administered to adults 65 years and older. Offering COVID-19 vaccination clinics in a variety of clinic settings strategically throughout the community helped increase vaccine reach to diverse communities.
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Gates, Dana M., Steven A. Cohen, Kelly Orr, and Aisling R. Caffrey. "Pharmacist-Administered Influenza Vaccination in Children and Corresponding Regulations." Vaccines 10, no. 9 (August 28, 2022): 1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091410.
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In our retrospective cohort study, we evaluated trends in pharmacist-administered pediatric influenza vaccination rates in the United States and corresponding state-level pharmacist pediatric vaccination authorization models, including minimum age requirements, vaccination protocols, and/or prescription requirements. An administrative health claims database was used to capture influenza vaccinations in children less than 18 years old with 1 year of continuous enrollment and joinpoint regression was used to assess trends. Of the 3,937,376 pediatric influenza vaccinations identified over the study period, only 3.2% were pharmacist-administered (87.7% pediatrician offices, 2.3% convenience care clinics, 0.8% emergency care, and 6.0% other locations). Pharmacist-administered pediatric influenza vaccination was more commonly observed in older children (mean age 12.65 ± 3.26 years) and increased significantly by 19.2% annually over the study period (95% confidence interval 9.2%-30.2%, p < 0.05). The Northeast, with more restrictive authorization models, represented only 2.2% (n = 2816) of all pharmacist-administered pediatric influenza vaccinations. Utilization of pharmacist-administered pediatric influenza vaccination remains low. Providing children with greater access to vaccination with less restrictions may increase overall vaccination rates. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act, pharmacists will play a major role in vaccinating children.
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Omae, Yuto, Yohei Kakimoto, Makoto Sasaki, Jun Toyotani, Kazuyuki Hara, Yasuhiro Gon, and Hirotaka Takahashi. "SIRVVD model-based verification of the effect of first and second doses of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Japan." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, no. 1 (2021): 1026–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022047.
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<abstract><p>As of August 2021, COVID-19 is still spreading in Japan. Vaccination, one of the key measures to bring COVID-19 under control, began in February 2021. Previous studies have reported that COVID-19 vaccination reduces the number of infections and mortality rates. However, simulations of spreading infection have suggested that vaccination in Japan is insufficient. Therefore, we developed a susceptible–infected–recovered–vaccination1–vaccination2–death model to verify the effect of the first and second vaccination doses on reducing the number of infected individuals in Japan; this includes an infection simulation. The results confirm that appropriate vaccination measures will sufficiently reduce the number of infected individuals and reduce the mortality rate.</p></abstract>
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Dońka, Katarzyna, Marlena Suwała, Danuta Zarzycka, Agnieszka Sobolewska-Samorek, and Violetta Paździor. "Vaccine attitudes and education of parents." Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pielxxiw-2018-0021.
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AbstractIntroduction.Currently in Poland there is significant differentiation of parents’ attitudes towards vaccinating children. As a consequence, the number of unvaccinated children grows steadily by about 40 percent each year.Aim.Getting to know parents’ attitudes and their causes in relation to immunization based on the analysis of publications on this topic.Material and methods.Selection of publications for analysis was based on criteria of systematic review covering the last 10 years, cataloged in the following databases: Polish Medical Library, Google Scholar and Pubmed. The base searches were carried out according to the key words:protective vaccinations, parents’ attitudes, implementation of the vaccination calendar, immunization, vaccination, parental refusal of vaccines. As many as 32 publications were used in the study.Results.Vaccine knowledge of parents determines their attitude towards vaccination, which influences the implementation of primary and extended vaccinations in children. Implementation of the Protective Vaccination Program remains high in Poland, but the number of parents who refuse to vaccinate their children is systematically growing. Among the many reasons for the refusal of vaccination in children, the most often in literature there were those indicated by barriers of a religious, personal and philosophical nature, security and knowledge on this subject.Conclusions.Low level of parents’ knowledge, both general and specific, about vaccinations is the most common barrier in the implementation of mandatory vaccinations.
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Socha, Anna, and Jörn Klein. "What are the challenges in the vaccination of migrants in Norway from healthcare provider perspectives? A qualitative, phenomenological study." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e040974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040974.
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BackgroundMigrant populations in the European Union (EU) suffer a disproportionate burden of infectious diseases and may be particularly vulnerable due to poor conditions in countries of origin or throughout transit to the host country. Given the rising level of migration into Europe, the vaccination of migrant populations has become a key priority, with European countries committing to equitably extending the benefits of vaccination to all. However, in Norway, little is known about the vaccination of migrant populations.ObjectiveThe aim of this qualitative research study was to explore the process of vaccinating migrant populations in Norway and elucidate any challenges as perceived by healthcare providers. This involved exploring the challenges faced by healthcare providers in delivering vaccinations to migrants as well as potential barriers faced by migrants in accessing vaccinations in Norway, from the perspectives of healthcare providers.MethodsIn June 2019, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews with seven healthcare providers who are involved in vaccinating migrants in South-Eastern and Western Norway. This included healthcare providers working in general practice, public health and infectious disease clinics, migrant health clinics, and local public health institutes.ResultsAn inductive, exploratory analysis identified key themes that were reviewed and analysed in light of existing literature. According to the informants, the Childhood Immunisation Programme is effective in including migrant children within the national vaccination schedule. However, gaps in vaccination appear to exist with regards to adult migrants as well as working migrants. There is currently no consistent or structured approach to vaccinating adult migrants in Norway, including no guidelines from governing bodies on how to organise vaccination to adult migrants in municipalities. Furthermore, reasons why adult vaccination is not prioritised were provided, such as tuberculosis screening and treatment taking precedence and the common assumption among healthcare providers that vaccinations are dealt with in childhood.ConclusionThe development of equitable immunisation programmes requires an understanding of the multifactorial barriers to immunisation, such as those posed by policies, structures and governance bodies, or lack thereof. It also entails understanding the administration of such policies and the perspectives of those who are responsible for the delivery of vaccination, namely healthcare providers. This qualitative research study demonstrated that challenges exist in the vaccination of migrants in Norway and that they are coherent with those experienced throughout the EU, principally the presence of gaps in vaccinating adult migrants, working migrants and internal EU migrants. This research provides direction for future investigations and highlights the need for the inclusion of migrant status in the Norwegian Immunisation Registry.
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Teo, Ryan Xuan Wei, Bernard Pui Lam Leung, Bernard Yu-Hor Thong, Justina Wei Lynn Tan, Grace Yin Lai Chan, and Xin Rong Lim. "Development of immediate and chronic spontaneous urticaria following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination: Tolerability of revaccination and immunological study." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 53, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2023249.
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Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination remains one of the key public health measures against the SARS-CoV-2 infection, significantly reducing illness severity and mortality rates. Urticaria and/or angioedema are cutaneous reactions that have been reported in response to messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccination and potentially affect fitness for revaccination.1 The development of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) post-COVID-19 vaccination2 may further discourage patients from revaccination or preclude revaccination to keep vaccinations updated. We describe a Singapore case series of 64 patients with urticaria post-COVID-19 vaccination, studying patient tolerance to revaccination, immunological profile and development of CSU.
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Robinson, Stacie J., Michelle M. Barbieri, Samantha Murphy, Jason D. Baker, Albert L. Harting, Meggan E. Craft, and Charles L. Littnan. "Model recommendations meet management reality: implementation and evaluation of a network-informed vaccination effort for endangered Hawaiian monk seals." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1870 (January 10, 2018): 20171899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1899.
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Where disease threatens endangered wildlife populations, substantial resources are required for management actions such as vaccination. While network models provide a promising tool for identifying key spreaders and prioritizing efforts to maximize efficiency, population-scale vaccination remains rare, providing few opportunities to evaluate performance of model-informed strategies under realistic scenarios. Because the endangered Hawaiian monk seal could be heavily impacted by disease threats such as morbillivirus, we implemented a prophylactic vaccination programme. We used contact networks to prioritize vaccinating animals with high contact rates. We used dynamic network models to simulate morbillivirus outbreaks under real and idealized vaccination scenarios. We then evaluated the efficacy of model recommendations in this real-world vaccination project. We found that deviating from the model recommendations decreased the efficiency; requiring 44% more vaccinations to achieve a given decrease in outbreak size. However, we gained protection more quickly by vaccinating available animals rather than waiting to encounter priority seals. This work demonstrates the value of network models, but also makes trade-offs clear. If vaccines were limited but time was ample, vaccinating only priority animals would maximize herd protection. However, where time is the limiting factor, vaccinating additional lower-priority animals could more quickly protect the population.
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Kowalska, Małgorzata, Maksymilian Gajda, Kamil Barański, and Bogumiła Braczkowska. "Sources of parental knowledge about the safety of vaccinations in Poland." Health Promotion International 34, no. 6 (November 23, 2018): 1191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day096.
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Abstract There has been a recent increase in the number of parents refusing vaccination for their children in many European countries, including Poland. This observation necessitates the need to understand parental knowledge in regard to mandatory vaccination of children in these countries. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2016 on 1239 parents or legal guardians of preschool and school children in the Silesian Voivodship (Poland) to evaluate their hesitancy in acquiescing to their children mandatory immunization and the relation to this habit in regard to the use of informational sources on children vaccination system in Poland. Medical doctors often provide the basic source of information about vaccination to parents. About one-third (29%) of the respondents from the survey deemed the qualification system for vaccination as either inadequate or bad. 16.9% of the respondents surveyed declared that information received from physicians regarding vaccinations were either incomplete or unconvincing. Results of multivariable analyses confirmed that respondents are less likely to seek information about mandatory vaccinations from medical professionals and more often to misjudged vaccination’s qualification system. Participants who used less informative sources (e.g. leaflets) and those with a lower level of education were more likely to avoid vaccination. Greater emphasis on the quality of information provided by medical professionals is crucial in order to avoid doubts about vaccination and to create proper attitudes and adherence to vaccination schedules.
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Rista Dwi Lestari, Dina Safira Putri, Dwi Nuning Anggraeny, and Ririn Puspita Tutiasri. "Persepsi Mahasiswa Terhadap Pemberitaan Vaksinasi Covid-19 Pada Media Sosial Instagram." Jurnal ISIP: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 18, no. 2 (September 28, 2023): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36451/jisip.v18i2.58.
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The Covid-19 vaccination activity in Indonesia at the end of 2020 caused a new polemic in the
community and gave rise to various positive and negative opinions about vaccination. Experts and public figures
explain the importance of vaccinating Covid-19 through their social media accounts. Social media became a
medium at the current covid-19 pandemic to share information and policies on Covid-19. The study discussed
students’ perceptions in Surabaya of the Covid-19 vaccination information on Dr. Tirta’s social media account.
We conducted this study with a qualitative approach and online data-collection technique for interviews with
eight student informers over 20-26 years. Studies show that six out of eight informers claim that postings about
vaccinations on Dr. Tirta’s Instagram account have significantly been affected by information coupled with
accurate data. Dr. Tirta’s covid-19 vaccination information on the student’s Instagram account has a powerful
influence on a student’s perception of the Covid-19 vaccination and can transform a student’s actions by willingly
vaccinating a Covid-19.
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Wu, Yufei, Huanjie Li, Yangyang Wang, Ping Huang, Yihui Xu, Mingjie Xu, Qianqian Zhao, et al. "Opinion Polls and Antibody Response Dynamics of Vaccination with COVID-19 Booster Vaccines." Vaccines 10, no. 5 (April 20, 2022): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050647.
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As the third year of the global COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination remains the most effective tool against infections and symptomatic illness. Comprehension regarding immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is limited, and the durability of immune responses after vaccination is currently not clear. In this study, we randomly collected 395 questionnaires to analyze the current state of COVID-19 vaccination. At the same time, the serum of 16 individuals who had received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine were collected at different times before and after the booster vaccination. We analyzed the dynamic changes of SARS-CoV-2 S-specific binding antibodies in serum and immunological indicators. By collecting public opinion surveys and analyzing variational trends of SARS-CoV-2 S-specific binding antibodies and immune indicators after COVID-19 booster vaccination, we endeavored to demonstrate the concerns affecting people’s booster vaccinations, as well as the frequency, timing, and necessity of COVID-19 booster vaccinations. The analysis of antibody results in 16 vaccinated volunteers showed that the antibody concentration decreased six months after the second dose and the protective effect of the virus was reduced. The third dose of COVID-19 vaccination is necessary to maintain the antibody concentration and the protective effect of the virus. The vaccination with the vaccine booster depends not only on the time interval but also on the initial concentration of the SARS-CoV-2 S-specific binding antibody before the booster. Our study has important implications for raising public awareness of vaccinating against SARS-CoV-2 and the necessity of COVID-19 booster vaccinations.
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Abbas, Ghulam, and Naseer Ahmad. "An Assessment Of Awareness And Practicality Of Parents Towards Immunization Of Children In District Multan." STATISTICS, COMPUTING AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/scir.v1i1.19.
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The main objective of the study to assess the parents’ knowledge attitude and practices regarding their children vaccination in District Multan, the data was collected with the help of interview schedule from 200 parents having under 2 Years children. SPSS was used for data analysis. The main findings of this research were the parent’s awareness regarding EPI vaccination is low, vaccination centers are away from the people of rural areas of district Multan that’s why the coverage of Vaccination is low in these areas, its recommended that the Government provide more EPI vaccination centers for the children of rural areas. Vaccination staff also limited so it make sure one vaccinator for the ten thousand of population. . Trained female worker like LHWs, local School Teachers, (Imam Masjid) and key persons of the community can play a vital role in the promotion of Vaccination coverage in their concern areas. Vaccination weeks will also very beneficial for the child’s vaccinations and the awareness regarding the prevention of communicable diseases in Pakistan.
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Cheng, Linan, Jianhui Kong, Xiaofeng Xie, Li Zhang, and Fengying Zhang. "Parents’ acceptance attitudes towards the vaccination of children based on M-LSGDM approach in China: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 14, no. 2 (February 2024): e075297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075297.
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ObjectivesEnsuring that children receive timely vaccinations is paramount for preventing infectious diseases, and parental attitude plays a pivotal role in this process. This study addresses this gap in the existing literature by examining parental attitudes towards vaccinating their children.DesignA cross-sectional study.MethodsAn online survey including parents’ sociodemographic characteristics, risk perception and attitudes towards child vaccination towards COVID-19 was conducted. The modified large-scale group decision-making approach for practicality and binary logistic regression was used to identify the predictors influencing parents’ decision-making.ResultsOf the 1292 parents participated, 957 (74.1%) were willing to vaccinate their children, while 335 (25.9%) refused the vaccination. The study indicated that age, parental anxiety regarding child vaccination, concerns about the child’s susceptibility to the disease, opinions towards vaccination benefits versus disadvantages, place of residence, average family income and children’s health were significant predictors (p<0.05).ConclusionsWhile most parents supported childhood vaccination, some opposed it. Addressing persistent barriers is crucial to ensure widespread vaccination and child well-being.
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Noh, Jin-Won, Young-mi Kim, Nabeel Akram, Ki Bong Yoo, Jooyoung Cheon, Lena J. Lee, Young Dae Kwon, and Jelle Stekelenburg. "Determinants of timeliness in early childhood vaccination among mothers with vaccination cards in Sindh province, Pakistan: a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (September 2019): e028922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028922.
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ObjectiveUntimely vaccination refers to receiving the given dose before (early) or after (delayed) the recommended time window. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent of timeliness of childhood vaccinations and examine the determinants of vaccination timeliness in Sindh province, Pakistan.DesignCross-sectional analysis of data from the 2013 and 2014 Maternal and Child Health Program Indicator Surveys.SettingCommunity-based maternal and child health surveys.ParticipantsAmong 10 200 respondents of Maternal and Child Health Program Indicator Surveys, 1143 women who had a live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey were included.OutcomesAt the participants’ home, an interviewer asked mothers to show their children’s vaccination cards, which contained information regarding vaccinations. Children’s vaccination status was categorised into timely or early/delayed compared with vaccination schedule. A logistic regression analysis using Firth’s penalised likelihood was performed to identify factors associated with timeliness of vaccinations.Results238 children (20.8% of children who received a full set of basic vaccinations) received all vaccinations on schedule among children who received a full set of basic vaccinations. The percentages of timely vaccinations ranged from 2.3% for second measles vaccination to 89.3% for bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Child’s age and place of delivery were associated with timely vaccinations. Older child age and institutional delivery were associated with decreased timely vaccination rate.ConclusionsHome-based vaccination record is a key tool to improve the timeliness of vaccinations. The redesigned vaccination cards, the new electronic registries for vaccination card information and the vaccination tracking system to remind the second/third vaccination visits may be helpful to improve timely vaccinations for children under 2 years old.
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Bell, Sadie, Michael Edelstein, Mateusz Zatoński, Mary Ramsay, and Sandra Mounier-Jack. "‘I don’t think anybody explained to me how it works’: qualitative study exploring vaccination and primary health service access and uptake amongst Polish and Romanian communities in England." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e028228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028228.
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ObjectivesThis study explored vaccination attitudes and behaviours among Polish and Romanian communities, and related access to primary healthcare services.DesignA qualitative study using in-depth semistructured interviews with Polish and Romanian community members (CMs) and healthcare workers (HCWs) involved in vaccination in areas with large Polish and Romanian communities. CMs discussed their vaccination attitudes and their experiences of accessing vaccinations in England. HCWs shared their experiences in vaccinating Polish and Romanian communities.SettingRecruitment focused on three geographical areas in England with large Polish and Romanian populations (in London, Lincolnshire and Berkshire).Participants20 Polish and 10 Romanian CMs, and 20 HCWs. Most CMs were mothers or pregnant women and were recruited from London or Lincolnshire. HCWs included practice nurses, health visitors and school nurses recruited from the targeted geographical areas.ResultsAlthough most CMs reported vaccinating according to the UK schedule, obstacles to vaccination were highlighted. CMs experienced difficulties navigating and trusting the English primary healthcare system, and challenges in accessing credible vaccination information in Polish and Romanian. CM vaccination expectations, largely built on knowledge and experiences from Poland and Romania, were often unmet. This was driven by differences in vaccination scheduling and service provision in England, such as nurses delivering vaccines instead of doctors. CMs reported lower acceptance of the influenza vaccine, largely due to perceptions around the importance and efficacy of this vaccine. HCWs reported challenges translating and understanding vaccination histories, overcoming verbal communication barriers and ensuring vaccination schedule completeness among families travelling between England and Poland or Romania.ConclusionsThis study identified vaccination uptake and delivery issues and recommendations for improvement. HCWs should discuss health service expectations, highlight differences in vaccination scheduling and delivery between countries, and promote greater understanding of the English primary healthcare system in order to encourage vaccination in these communities.
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Abd Rahman, Noor Amira Syazwani, Soon-Yew Ju, Jamal Rizal Razali, Nur Hazirah Hamdan, Mohd Rozaimy Ridzuan, and Lai-Kuan Kong. "Post-COVID-19 Malaysian parents’ views on children’s vaccination: subjective norms analysis." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 13, no. 5 (October 1, 2024): 2801. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i5.29396.
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<span>Vaccinating children is a critical life-saving measure that ensures herd immunity and saves numerous lives. However, the rising trend of parental refusal to vaccinate poses a significant threat to disease containment within societies. Amid the widespread COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia, this study examines how subjective standards impact parents’ vaccination intentions and behaviors. Lockdowns and travel restrictions during the pandemic caused a decline in vaccination rates due to missed appointments for children’s vaccinations. Even post-pandemic, some parents persist in refusing vaccination for their children. Conducting an online survey and employing quantitative, the study collected data from parents with children aged 1 day to 15 years old. Analyzing the data through IBM SPSS and employing SmartPLS 4.0.9.5 software, specifically using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), revealed significant insights. The findings indicate that parents’ willingness to vaccinate their children significantly predicts their actual vaccination behavior. Moreover, social norms positively influence parental vaccination intentions. The study highlights the mediating role of vaccination intention between social norms and actual vaccination behavior among parents. Overall, this empirical research strongly supports the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model, emphasizing the importance of targeting social norms to foster vaccination behavior and elevate vaccination rates.</span>
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Stoffel, Sandro Tiziano, Matthias Schwenkglenks, and Thomas Mutschler. "General Practitioners’ Awareness and Perception of Current Pneumococcal Vaccination for Adult Patients with Known Risk Factors in Switzerland: Evidence from a Survey." Vaccines 11, no. 6 (June 15, 2023): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11061101.
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In Switzerland, the National Immunization Advisory Group (NITAG) has formulated recommendations for pneumococcal vaccination among adult risk patients. Little is known about general practitioners’ (GPs’) perception, knowledge, and implementation of these recommendations. Therefore, we investigated GPs’ awareness and drivers of and barriers to pneumococcal vaccination using a cross-sectional web-based survey of GPs. Of the 300 study participants, 81.3% were aware of the recommendations for vaccinating at-risk adult patients, but only 42.7% were aware of all risk groups. The recommendations were perceived by 79.7% as slightly to very complex. Most GPs (66.7%) had good arguments to convince patients to get vaccinated, but only 41.7% reported recognizing patients at risk for pneumococcal disease, and only 46.7% checked their patients’ vaccination status and proposed vaccination if needed. The main reasons for not vaccinating were patients’ refusal (80.1%), lack of reimbursement by the health insurance (34.5%), patients’ fear of side effects (25.1%), and lack of regulatory approval despite the NITAG recommendations (23.7%). Most (77.3%) agreed that the treating chronic disease specialist should recommend the vaccination and 94.7% believed that adult-risk patients would not be aware of their need for pneumococcal vaccinations. Optimal implementation of the recommendations will require addressing knowledge gaps and reported barriers.
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Banks, Laura L., Cameron Crandall, and Luke Esquibel. "Throughput Times for Adults and Children During Two Drive-Through Influenza Vaccination Clinics." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 7, no. 2 (March 25, 2013): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2013.3.
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AbstractObjectivesSuccessful planning for public health emergencies requires knowledge of effective methods for mass distribution of medication and supplies to the public. We measured the time required for the key components of 2 drive-through vaccination clinics and summarized the results as they applied to providing medical countermeasures to large populations of children and adults. We hypothesized that vaccinating children in addition to adults would affect throughput time.MethodsUsing 2 separate drive-through vaccination clinics, we measured elapsed time for vehicle flow and vaccination procedures. We calculated the median length of stay and the time to administer vaccinations based on the number of individual vaccinations given per vehicle, and compared the vehicles in which children (aged 9-18 years) were vaccinated to those in which only adults were vaccinated.ResultsA total of 2174 vaccinations and 1275 vehicles were timed during the 2 clinics. The number of vaccinations and vehicles per hour varied during the course of the day; the maximums were 200 and 361 per hour, respectively. The median throughput time was 5 minutes, and the median vaccination time was 48 seconds. Flow over time varied by the hour, and the optimum number of vaccinations per vehicle to maximize efficiency was between 3 and 4. Our findings showed that the presence of children raised the total number of vaccinations given per vehicle and, therefore, the total vaccination processing time per vehicle. However, the median individual procedure time in the vehicles with children was not significantly increased, indicating no need to calculate increased times for processing children 9 years of age or older during emergency planning.ConclusionsDrive-through clinics can provide a large number of seasonal influenza vaccinations in a relatively efficient manner; provide needed experience for students and practitioners in techniques for mass administration of medical countermeasures; and assist public health and emergency management personnel with disaster planning. Including children older than 9 years does not reduce efficiency. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1–7)
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Iman Murahman, Hizir Sofyan, Marthoenis, Said Usman, Irwan Saputra1, Aryandi Darwis, Riski Muhammad, Mohd. Ichsan, and Nurliana. "Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage Aceh in 2021." STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan 11, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/sjik.v11i2.900.
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Indonesia has set strategies to overcome this pandemic problem, one of which is preventing the spread of COVID-19 which is very easily transmitted to individuals by vaccinations are carried out in every workplace, or government, one of which is hospitals and health centers in Aceh which are the referral places for patients treatment and vaccinations. This study aims to the determinants of COVID-19 vaccination coverage Aceh in 2021. The sample in this study is the achievement vaccination in 23 districts of Aceh. The results showed the average proportion vaccine coverage in Aceh was 69.30% with a minimum percentage of 46% and the highest percentage of 102%. Then the analysis showed that the vaccinator HR a value of p = 0.0001 that was a significant between the vaccinator HR and the vaccine coverage. HR planning should be prepared thoroughly so that it will minimize the possibility of mistakes in the future.
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Hopker, Andy, Naveen Pandey, Rosie Bartholomew, Abigail Blanton, Sophie Hopker, Aniruddha Dhamorikar, Jadumoni Goswami, Rebecca Marsland, Prakash Metha, and Neil Sargison. "Livestock vaccination programme participation among smallholder farmers on the outskirts of National Parks and Tiger Reserves in the Indian states of Madhya Pradesh and Assam." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 27, 2021): e0256684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256684.
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Effective livestock vaccination has the potential to raise prosperity and food security for the rural poor in low and middle income countries. To understand factors affecting access to vaccination services, and guide future policy, smallholder farmers in three locations in India were questioned about vaccination of their cattle and buffalo, with particular reference to foot and mouth disease (FMD), haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) and blackquarter (BQ). In the three regions 51%, 50%, and 31% of respondents reported vaccinating their livestock; well below any threshold for effective population level disease control. However, within the third region, 65% of respondents in villages immediately surrounding the Kaziranga National Park reported vaccinating their cattle. The majority of respondents in all three regions were aware of FMD and HS, awareness of BQ was high in the Kanha and Bandhavgarh regions, but much lower in the Kaziranga region. The majority of respondents had positive attitudes to vaccination; understood vaccination protected their animals from specific diseases; and wished to immunise their livestock. There was no significant association between the age or gender of respondent and the immunisation of their livestock. Common barriers to immunisation were: negative attitudes to vaccination; lack of awareness of date and time of vaccination events; and difficulty presenting animals. Poor access to vaccination services was significantly associated with not vaccinating livestock. Fear of adverse reactions to vaccines was not significantly associated with not vaccinating livestock. Respondents who reported that vets or animal health workers (AHWs) were their main source of animal health knowledge were significantly more likely to have immunised their livestock in the last twelve months. Participants cited poor communication from vaccinators as problematic, both in publicising immunisation programmes, and explaining the purpose of vaccination. Where vaccinations were provided free of charge, farmers commonly displayed passive attitudes to accessing vaccination services, awaiting organised “immunisation drives” rather than seeking vaccination themselves. Based on these findings the following recommendations are made to improve participation and effectiveness of immunisation programmes. Programmes should be planned to integrate with annual cycles of: disease risk, agricultural activity, seasonal climate, social calendar of villages; and maximise efficiency for vaccinators. Dates and times of immunisation in each village must be well publicised, as respondents frequently reported missing the vaccinators. Relevant farmer education should precede immunisation programmes to mitigate against poor knowledge or negative attitudes. Immunisation drives must properly engage beneficiaries, particularly ensuring that services are accessible to female livestock keepers, and sharing some responsibilities with local farmers. Payment of a small monetary contribution by animal keepers could be considered to encourage responsibility for disease prevention, making vaccination an active process by farmers.
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Helps, Catherine, Julie Leask, Lesley Barclay, and Stacy Carter. "Understanding non-vaccinating parents’ views to inform and improve clinical encounters: a qualitative study in an Australian community." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e026299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026299.
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ObjectivesTo explain vaccination refusal in a sample of Australian parents.DesignQualitative design, purposive sampling in a defined population.SettingA geographically bounded community of approximately 30 000 people in regional Australia with high prevalence of vaccination refusal.ParticipantsSemi structured interviews with 32 non-vaccinating parents: 9 fathers, 22 mothers and 1 pregnant woman. Purposive sampling of parents who had decided to discontinue or decline all vaccinations for their children. Recruitment via local advertising then snowballing.ResultsThematic analysis focused on explaining decision-making pathways of parents who refuse vaccination. Common patterns in parents’ accounts included: perceived deterioration in health in Western societies; a personal experience introducing doubt about vaccine safety; concerns regarding consent; varied encounters with health professionals (dismissive, hindering and helpful); a quest for ‘the real truth’; reactance to system inflexibilities and ongoing risk assessment.ConclusionsWe suggest responses tailored to the perspectives of non-vaccinating parents to assist professionals in understanding and maintaining empathic clinical relationships with this important patient group.
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Richardson, Willis M., and Albert I. Wertheimer. "A Review of the Pharmacist as Vaccinator." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 10, no. 3 (July 12, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v10i3.940.
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Objective: The aim of this study is to review literature about how the pharmacist’s role as vaccination providers has been financially and clinically measured.
Methods: A broad literature search was conducted up to May 2016 to identify economic or clinical data on pharmacy vaccinations. MEDLINE® and PUBMED databases were searched for publications useful or potentially useful for this review. The NIH and CDC websites were also searched for relevant materials. Search terms included vaccination, pharmacist, economic, pharmacoeconomics, cost, benefits cost-effectiveness, physicians, immunizations, vaccinations, pharmacy vaccines, cost, physician vaccines, financial, benefit, ambulatory pharmacist vaccination, clinical pharmacist, economics, pharmacist vaccine impact.
Results: The search yielded a total of 68 articles of which 12 met the criteria to be included in this review. After examining articles for relevance to pharmacy vaccinations, two tables were created to highlight the clinical and economic advantages of the pharmacist as a vaccinator.
Conclusion: Pharmacists who administer vaccines are an underutilized provider. This literature review reveals a pattern among studies measuring the pharmacist’s impact on vaccination rates, patient preferences, and cost savings. Pharmacists have a history of demonstrated dependability, accuracy, and cost effectiveness. State laws, collaborative agreements, and health plans have continued to prevent patients from using the pharmacy to receive the CDC recommended vaccines. These barriers ultimately delay the Healthy People 2020 goals.
Article Type: Review
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Huppke, L., C. Gebhardt, L. Grümme, J. Lichtnekert, D. Singh, F. Ullrich, S. Wolfrum, A. Skapenko, and H. Schulze-Koops. "AB1326 DIFFERENCES IN ADVERSE EVENTS EXPERIENCED BY INDIVIDUALS WITH INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS AFTER SARS-CoV-2 VACCINATION." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1892.1–1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.497.
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BackgroundSince individuals with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) were excluded from the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination trials (1), uncertainty on the tolerability of the vaccines in this population was high. This caused a lower willingness to be vaccinated compared to the general population. Gaining more information on vaccine reaction in this population is critical.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to improve knowledge of the tolerability of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with IRD and to identify potential specific risks of this population by comparison with a healthy cohort.MethodsIRD patients were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology at the hospital of the LMU Munich. Health care workers served as healthy controls. Questionnaires were used to identify adverse effects in all study participants after each SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and to obtain information about patients’ disease and therapy. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were used to discern differences between IRD patients and controls.Results235 IRD patients (60% female), mean (±SD) age 54 (±15) years, and 102 healthy individuals (67% female), mean age 48 (±16) years, were recruited between Jan 2021 and Sep 2022. Pain at the injection site and fatigue were the most common adverse events in both groups. (Table 1) Patients presented adverse events significantly less often after the first vaccination (59.6%) compared to healthy individuals (84.3%) (OR=0.274 [95% CI: 0.151-0.497]; P<0.0001). With 58.7% of patients and 78.4% of controls experiencing adverse events after the second vaccination the difference stayed significant (OR=0.391 [0.228-0.670]; P<0.001). Same goes for the third vaccination with 56.4% of patients and 69.3% of controls presenting adverse events (OR=0.573 [0.348-0.946]; P=0.029). No difference was seen when the occurrence of local effects were compared. However, systemic effects were experienced significantly less by patients compared to controls after the first (41.3% vs 59.8%) (P=0.002), second (38.7% vs 58.8%) (P<0.001) and third vaccination (39.0% vs 51.5%) (P=0.036). Younger age and female sex showed higher frequencies of adverse events in both groups. 2% of patients experienced an activation of their IRD. Serious adverse events did not occur.Table 1.Adverse events experienced after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients and controlsPatientsHealthy controlsAdverse effects1. vaccination2. vaccination3. vaccination1. vaccination2. vaccination3. vaccinationn=235n=233n=218n=102n=102n=101Local reactions, % (n)Any49.8 (117)48.9 (115)47.7 (104)66·7 (68)57·8 (59)49·5 (50)Pain at the injection site46.4 (109)47.2 (110)45.0 (98)65·7 (67)55·9 (57)47·5 (48)Swelling at the injectionsite12.3 (29)9.9 (23)13.3 (29)10·8 (11)10·8 (11)9·9 (10)Redness at the injectionsite8.9 (21)7.3 (17)8.7 (19)7·8 (8)7·8 (8)6·9 (7)Systemic reactions, % (n)Any41.2 (97)38.7 (91)39.0 (85)59·8 (61)58·8 (60)51·5 (52)Fatigue29.4 (69)27 (63)28.0 (61)42·2 (43)45·1 (46)37·6 (38)Chills6.8 (16)8.2 (19)6.4 (14)12·7 (13)15·7 (16)5·9 (6)Fever5.5 (13)6.4 (15)6.0 (13)12·7 (13)16·7 (17)8·9 (9)Headache15.3 (36)12.9 (30)13.3 (29)22·5 (23)19·6 (20)21·8 (22)Nausea2.6 (6)2.1 (5)3.7 (8)2·9 (3)3·9 (4)0 (0)Muscle pain13.2 (31)12.0 (28)13.8 (30)26·5 (27)25·5 (26)22·8 (23)Joint pain6.8 (16)5.2 (12)6.4 (14)10·8 (11)11·8 (12)8·9 (9)Others5.1 (12)5.2 (12)6.0 (13)1.0 (1)3.9 (4)3.0 (3)ConclusionIRD patients are at no higher risk of experiencing adverse events than controls after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. In fact, systemic effects seem to occur less frequently in patients compared to healthy individuals, which potentially shows an influence of IRDs or their therapies on vaccination reactions.Reference[1]Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, Lockhart S, et al. Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(27):2603-15.AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the Verbundanträge ‘GAIN’ (project 8, 01GM1910C) and ‘COVIM’ (project AP8, 01KX2021), both by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany; and by the FöFoLe program of the medical faculty of the LMU Munich.We thank all physicians that helped in patient-recruitment and all participants, because without them this work would not have been possible.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Lugelo, Ahmed, Katie Hampson, Elaine A. Ferguson, Anna Czupryna, Machunde Bigambo, Christian Tetteh Duamor, Rudovick Kazwala, Paul C. D. Johnson, and Felix Lankester. "Development of Dog Vaccination Strategies to Maintain Herd Immunity against Rabies." Viruses 14, no. 4 (April 16, 2022): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040830.
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Human rabies can be prevented through mass dog vaccination campaigns; however, in rabies endemic countries, pulsed central point campaigns do not always achieve the recommended coverage of 70%. This study describes the development of a novel approach to sustain high coverage based on decentralized and continuous vaccination delivery. A rabies vaccination campaign was conducted across 12 wards in the Mara region, Tanzania to test this approach. Household surveys were used to obtain data on vaccination coverage as well as factors influencing dog vaccination. A total 17,571 dogs were vaccinated, 2654 using routine central point delivery and 14,917 dogs using one of three strategies of decentralized continuous vaccination. One month after the first vaccination campaign, coverage in areas receiving decentralized vaccinations was higher (64.1, 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) 62.1–66%) than in areas receiving pulsed vaccinations (35.9%, 95% CIs 32.6–39.5%). Follow-up surveys 10 months later showed that vaccination coverage in areas receiving decentralized vaccinations remained on average over 60% (60.7%, 95% CIs 58.5–62.8%) and much higher than in villages receiving pulsed vaccinations where coverage was on average 32.1% (95% CIs 28.8–35.6%). We conclude that decentralized continuous dog vaccination strategies have the potential to improve vaccination coverage and maintain herd immunity against rabies.
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Bennett, Brady W., Lawrence S. Phillips, and Julie A. Gazmararian. "The Association of Vaccination for Common Adult Infectious Diseases and Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccines among 5,006,851 Veterans, 20 December 2020–31 October 2021." Vaccines 12, no. 2 (January 30, 2024): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020145.
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Disparities in vaccination coverage for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States (U.S.) are consistent barriers limiting our ability to control the spread of disease, particularly those by age and race/ethnicity. This study examines the association between previous vaccination for common adult infectious diseases and vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 among a cohort of veterans in the U.S. Sociodemographic and clinical data were utilized from three databases within the Veterans Health Administration included in the electronic health record. We examined the association of previous vaccination for common adult vaccinations through six separate multivariable logistic regression analyses, one for each previous vaccine exposure, adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. We also examined the association of receiving any one of the six common adult vaccinations and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Adjusted models indicate higher odds of vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 among those who received each of the previous vaccinations. Significant differences were also noted by race/ethnicity and age. Veterans who recorded receiving any one of the previous vaccinations for common adult infections had significantly greater odds of receiving any vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Understanding veterans’ previous vaccination status can assist researchers and clinicians in impacting the uptake of novel vaccines, such as vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
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Phan, Colleen, Brandon Mercado, Justin Travis, and Ginny Webb. "Identifying the Predictors of Pediatric Vaccine Uptake during the COVID-19 Pandemic." COVID 4, no. 4 (April 16, 2024): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/covid4040033.
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Identifying determinants of vaccination uptake is critical for public and community health. The population became divided in regard to preventative measures and vaccinations during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, there are varying opinions on decisions to vaccinate children against childhood diseases and COVID-19. Recent findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated existing vaccine hesitancy. Here, we assess vaccine hesitancy in parents by identifying predictors of vaccine acceptance by parents during the COVID-19 pandemic using a survey given to parents in South Carolina. Knowledge about COVID-19 and vaccinations affects vaccination intentions. Age, education, gender, and politics were also found to predict parents’ decisions about vaccinating their kids. Understanding potential barriers to vaccine acceptance will aid healthcare providers and public health entities to better reach the community.
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Malchrzak, Wojciech, Mateusz Babicki, Dagmara Pokorna-Kałwak, and Agnieszka Mastalerz-Migas. "The Influence of Introducing Free Vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae on the Uptake of Recommended Vaccination in Poland." Vaccines 11, no. 12 (December 11, 2023): 1838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121838.
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Since 2017, pneumococcal vaccination has evolved from a recommended chargeable vaccination to a mandatory, and therefore free, vaccination for all children. While a 10-valent vaccine is commonly used, parents have the option to use a 13-valent vaccine for a fee. This study aimed to investigate whether and how the introduction of free pneumococcal vaccination affected the uptake of recommended vaccination and to assess the association of chargeable pneumococcal vaccination with recommended vaccination. Data from 1595 vaccination record cards kept by six primary care clinics in urban and rural areas of Poland were collected and analyzed for children born between 2015 and 2018. Belonging to the clinic and the year of birth were the only inclusion criteria. Following the introduction of free universal pneumococcal vaccination, more children were vaccinated with the recommended vaccination (61.2% vs. 66.6%, p = 0.026). The most significant change was in vaccination against rotavirus (48.5% vs. 54.4%, p = 0.018) and against meningococcal B bacteria (4.8% vs. 17.0%, p < 0.001). Children who received chargeable pneumococcal vaccination were also significantly more likely to be vaccinated with recommended vaccines (54.6% vs. 75.9%, p < 0.001). In particular, this was the case for multivalent vaccinations—against rotavirus, chickenpox, and meningococcal C bacteria. Reducing the impact of the economic factor, for example, by introducing free vaccinations, should have a positive impact on the uptake of other recommended vaccinations.
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Enciu, Bianca Georgiana, Daniela Pițigoi, Alina Zaharia, Rodica Popescu, Andreea Niculcea, Maria-Dorina Crăciun, and Adriana Pistol. "COVID-19 Vaccination in Romania and the Benefits of the National Electronic Registry of Vaccinations." Vaccines 11, no. 2 (February 6, 2023): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020370.
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Background: Recording real-time data of vaccinations performed, vaccine stocks, and adverse events following immunization is a particularly useful activity in the effective development of any vaccination campaign or vaccination program, guiding the decisions of public health authorities. The aim of this paper is to present the benefits of the National Electronic Registry of Vaccinations in providing useful information for the optimization of healthcare vaccination policies, specifically related to COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: We performed a descriptive study using data available in the reports generated from the National Electronic Registry of Vaccinations regarding COVID-19 vaccinations performed between 27 December 2020 and 31 December 2021. Results: A total of 27,980,270 doses of the COVID-19 vaccine were distributed. Of these, 15,757,638 (56%) were administered in 4545 vaccination centers: 7,882,458 as the 1st dose (50%), 5,878,698 as the 2nd dose (37%), and 1,996,482 as the 3rd dose (13%). More than 25% of the total doses were administered to people over 65 years of age. A total of 41% of the population received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 4083 adverse events following immunization were reported. Conclusions: The existence of a National Electronic Registry of Vaccinations containing accurate information on vaccinations performed in Romania offers the opportunity to obtain a clear picture of vaccination status that will significantly contribute to the optimization of vaccination strategies and programs.
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Furman, Filip M., Wojciech Stefan Zgliczyński, Mateusz Jankowski, Tomasz Baran, Łukasz Szumowski, and Jarosław Pinkas. "The State of Vaccine Confidence in Poland: A 2019 Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 24, 2020): 4565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124565.
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Vaccination is considered as one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions. This study aimed to assess (1) the attitudes and behaviors towards mandatory childhood vaccination, with particular emphasis on socio-economic factors determining the vaccine confidence among adults in Poland as well as to (2) identify the potential impact of anti-vaccination movement on vaccination coverage among children and adolescents aged ≤19 years. This cross-sectional study was carried in 2019 on a nationwide, representative sample of 1079 individuals aged 18 and over in Poland (53.7% females). Most of the respondents (74.6%) agreed or strongly agreed that mandatory vaccinations are safe, and only 8% of participants neglected the safety of vaccines. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the lowest level of vaccine confidence was observed among participants aged 25–34 years (aOR: 0.48, 95%CI: 0.29–0.80; p = 0.01). There was a positive correlation (r = 0.35; p < 0.001) between trust in doctors and vaccine confidence. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between trust in scientific knowledge and vaccine confidence (r = 0.19; p < 0.001). Also, a negative correlation (r = −0.13; p < 0.001) between trust in horoscopes and vaccine confidence was observed. Most of the parents declared (97.7%), that their children were vaccinated following the national immunization programme. However, 8.5% of parents who currently vaccinated their children declared that they would stop vaccinating children when vaccination obligation will be abolished. This study demonstrates relatively high confidence in mandatory vaccination among adults in Poland. While most of society trusts in vaccine safety, young adults are the least trustful of vaccinations.
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Buckwalter, Matthew, and Pramod Srivastava. "Form of antigen dictates immunity: Irradiated cell vs. whole cell lysate vaccination (48.16)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2007): S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.48.16.
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Abstract The context in which antigen is perceived by the immune system dictates the quality of the ensuing immune response, which can range from tolerance to lasting immunity. In the current report we investigated the effects of vaccinating mice with antigen in two separate contexts, namely: Irradiated cells, or whole cell lysates. Using the MethA tumor model we observed that although a single vaccination with irradiated MethA cells leads to immunity in BALB/c mice, vaccination with the same cell equivalents of whole cell lysate does not. These results were surprising in light of the substantial body of literature demonstrating the immunostimulatory effects of cell lysates. We hypothesize that although each vaccination contains the same potential antigens, due to the different context in which they are delivered, the immune system will react to them differently. To test this we analyzed multiple characteristics of the immune response following vaccination with irradiated cells or whole cell lysates including: Tumor protection, the quantity and quality of an antigen specific T cell response, stability and persistence of antigen, and the effects of multiple vaccinations. We report dramatic differences between the two immunogens at each of the aspects tested. Our data suggests that although whole cell lysates contain antigen and the same potentially immunostimulatory components as irradiated cells, vaccinating mice with irradiated tumor cells leads to a much greater T cell response and tumor protection than does vaccinating with whole cell lysates.
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Eshun-Wilson, Ingrid, Aaloke Mody, Khai Hoan Tram, Cory Bradley, Alexander Sheve, Branson Fox, Vetta Thompson, and Elvin H. Geng. "Preferences for COVID-19 vaccine distribution strategies in the US: A discrete choice survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): e0256394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256394.
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Background The COVID-19 vaccination campaign in the US has been immensely successful in vaccinating those who are receptive, further increases in vaccination rates however will require more innovative approaches to reach those who remain hesitant. Developing vaccination strategies that are modelled on what people want could further increase uptake. Methods and findings To inform COVID-19 vaccine distribution strategies that are aligned with public preferences we conducted a discrete choice experiment among the US public (N = 2,895) between March 15 to March 22, 2021. We applied sampling weights, evaluated mean preferences using mixed logit models, and identified latent class preference subgroups. On average, the public prioritized ease, preferring single to two dose vaccinations (mean preference: -0.29; 95%CI: -0.37 to -0.20), vaccinating once rather than annually (mean preference: -0.79; 95%CI: -0.89 to -0.70) and reducing waiting times at vaccination sites. Vaccine enforcement reduced overall vaccine acceptance (mean preference -0.20; 95%CI: -0.30 to -0.10), with a trend of increasing resistance to enforcement with increasing vaccine hesitancy. Latent class analysis identified four distinct preference phenotypes: the first prioritized inherent “vaccine features” (46.1%), the second were concerned about vaccine “service delivery” (8.8%), a third group desired “social proof” of vaccine safety and were susceptible to enforcement (13.2%), and the fourth group were “indifferent” to vaccine and service delivery features and resisted enforcement (31.9%). Conclusions This study identifies several critical insights for the COVID-19 public health response. First, identifying preference segments is essential to ensure that vaccination services meet the needs of diverse population subgroups. Second, making vaccination easy and promoting autonomy by simplifying services and offering the public choices (where feasible) may increase uptake in those who remain deliberative. And, third vaccine mandates have the potential to increase vaccination rates in susceptible groups but may simultaneously promote control aversion and resistance in those who are most hesitant.
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Cassimos, Dimitrios C., Evgnosia Effraimidou, Snezana Medic, Theoharis Konstantinidis, Maria Theodoridou, and Helena C. Maltezou. "Vaccination Programs for Adults in Europe, 2019." Vaccines 8, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010034.
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Background: While all European countries implement vaccination programs for children, there are gaps in terms of vaccination programs for adults. Methods: We studied the 2019 vaccination policies for adults in 42 European countries. Results: Vaccination programs for adults were in place in all countries. However, there were considerable differences between countries in terms of number of vaccinations, target populations and frame of implementation (recommended or mandatory vaccinations). In particular the following vaccination policies were in place: influenza (42 countries), tetanus (31), diphtheria (30), pneumococcus (29), hepatitis B (20), pertussis (18), measles (14), human papilloma virus (14), meningococcus tetravalent A,C,W,Y (14), rubella (13), hepatitis A (11), mumps (11), poliomyelitis (10), herpes zoster (9), varicella (8), tick-born encephalitis (8), meningococcus B (6), rabies (6), Haemophilus influenzae type b (5), tuberculosis (3), typhoid fever (3), meningococcus C (2), and yellow fever (1). Seventeen countries implement mandatory vaccinations, mainly against diphtheria, tetanus and hepatitis B. Conclusions: There are significant differences in vaccination programs for adults in Europe. Routine vaccination programs for adults need to be strengthened. A consensus-based vaccination program is needed.
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Kadim, Maha A., Anees Flayyih Abdulhasan, Zainab Abdulameer Abdulrasol, and Ali Fadhil Obaid. "Dropout of Vaccination Among Iraqi Children." South Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 3, no. 6 (December 6, 2022): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/sajssh.2022.3610.
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Immunization has been a successful method of preventing and controlling life-threatening infectious diseases since the 20th century. About 2-3 million child deaths are avoided annually through vaccination. Despite increasing vaccination rates worldwide, many children in developing nations still miss their vaccinations. Therefore, many children are still vulnerable to the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) targeted diseases. Missed opportunities for vaccination (MOVs) occur when people who are eligible for vaccination visit a medical facility but do not receive the necessary vaccinations. Therefore, vaccination has the opportunity to achieve more if missed vaccination opportunities (MOVs) are removed and global immunization coverage increases. A narrative review was conducted to summarize vaccination missing among Iraqi children, and factors affecting the vaccine coverage rate.
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Sztybór, Izabela, Klaudia Brygida Kułak, Karolina Alicja Palacz, Marzena Pliszka, Izabela Janik, Katarzyna Gadżała, Katarzyna Chamera-Cyrek, Anna Maria Koman, Martyna Kuśmierska, and Sabina Przygodzka. "The Increasing Occurrence of Infectious Diseases in Childhood: Is It Linked with Declining Vaccination Rates Across Society?" Journal of Education, Health and Sport 74 (June 17, 2024): 52556. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.74.52556.
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Introduction. Childhood infectious diseases have been a significant medical problem, with a global increase in recent years. Modern diagnostic methods and new vaccinations are available. Poland is part of the WHO-coordinated global measles and rubella elimination program. Controversy surrounds mandatory and recommended vaccinations in Poland. There has been a concerning increase in the abandonment of vaccinating children, leading to a resurgence of infectious diseases. In 2024, the WHO reported a significant increase in measles cases in the European region, including in Poland. It's crucial to remind people of these diseases and warn them about the complications they bring. Aim of study. The aim of this study is to investigate the increasing occurrence of infectious diseases in childhood and examine the correlation with declining vaccination rates across society. Materials and methods. An unsystematic review of scientific literature was conducted, employing specific keywords such as „measles,” „pertussis,” „rubella,” „infectious diseases,” „vaccination,” and „hib.” The review was executed on the PubMed database, analyzing a total of 59 sources published until the conclusion of 2024. Conclusions. To control and eliminate infectious diseases, it is vital to maintain and improve vaccination rates. Policymakers and healthcare providers should prioritize immunization programs and address barriers to vaccine access. Further research is crucial to develop comprehensive strategies for increasing vaccination coverage and understanding vaccine-preventable diseases in modern public health challenges.
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Alkoshi, Salem. "COVERAGE RATES OF ROUTINE VACCINATIONS AND THE POTENTIAL REASONS OF LOW COVERAGE FOR LIBYAN CHILDREN IN 2017: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY." مجلة الجامعة الأسمرية: العلوم التطبيقية 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.59743/aujas.v3i2.1619.
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Background: Vaccinations are still important weapon in modern prevention programs. Limited studies were conducted to assess the childhood vaccination program in Libya. The study aimed to document the coverage rates of routine vaccinations and factors associated with low coverage rate in north-western region of Libya. Methods: A cross-sectional study was prospectively carried out to calculate the coverage rates of routine vaccinations for children aged from the birth to 18 months in Libya. The data were collected from vaccination cards of children who were seeking the vaccine at four public vaccination centers in big three cities located in north-western region of Libya. The data collected during the period from 11 Dec 2017 to 17 Mar 2018 from the vaccination centers. The centers were visited in 44 times for data collection using a questionnaire during the business days. Results: The study checked the vaccination cards of 916 children during the routine vaccination visit at the vaccination centers. Coverage rates of most vaccinations were high (more than 90%). The low coverage rates were found in rotavirus vaccine in second and third doses, 81.3% and 72.2% respectively as well as penta vaccine had a low coverage rate (69.4%). The timeliness of vaccination appointments was irregular in 64.2%. The major reasons of vaccination appointment delay were busy, no vaccine available and careless
Conclusion: National childhood vaccination program is still in good performance. The regular supply of the vaccines and strengthen the parent's awareness for vaccination importance should be taken in the consideration to keep the program in good quality of service for high level of the immunity against vaccine preventable diseases.
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Arnold, Jana Nele, Nils Gundlach, Irina Böckelmann, and Stefan Sammito. "Impfstatus von jungen Arbeitnehmern – Eine Erhebung bei Berufsanfängern der Bundeswehr." ASU Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin 2020, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17147/asu-2012-8715.
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Vaccination status of young employees: A survey of entrants in the Bundeswehr (German Federal Armed Forces) Objectives: In addition to the recommendations of the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) at the Robert-Koch-Institut, there are also jobrelated vaccination recommendations for special occupational groups. This applies equally to soldiers, but there is insufficient scientific data on vaccination rates. For this reason, the following study examined the extent of the vaccination gaps among young people entering the armed forces. Methods: As part of a cross-sectional study at Rotenburg (Wümme), Lower Saxony, the existing vaccination rates among soldiers in relation to tetanus, diphtheria, poliomyelitis, pertussis, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis A, hepatitis B and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) were recorded and compared statistically between the three recruitment quarters (II/ to IV/2016). Results: The vaccination booklets of 247 recruits (age: 20.5 ± 2.7 years) from three quarters were recorded. The rate of unavailable vaccination booklets was 23.1 %. The vaccination rates were between 2 % for TBE and 75 % for measles. Whilst low vaccination protection rates were identified for TBE and hepatitis A/B in particular, the rates were also found to be as low as 44–60 % for the „typical“ tetanus, poliomyelitis and diphtheria vaccinations. There were high numbers of „expired“ full protection: these ranged from 19 % (diphtheria) to 50 % (hepatitis B). Conclusions: The results of the study indicate a clear lack of vaccination protection in a random sample of German citizens with an average age of 20 who started their service in the Bundeswehr as young professionals. Although, as expected, this was very low for vaccinations that are not standard STIKO vaccinations (hepatitis A, TBE), there were also significant vaccine deficiencies in the vaccinations recommended by STIKO in the young adults examined here. Keywords: military – vaccination – prevention – infection disease
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Kim, Young-soo. "A Regulation for Smallpox Vaccination (1923) and Smallpox Control in Colonial Korea: On the Role of Vaccination Practitioners(Jongdusisulsaeng)." Korean Association for the Social History of Medicine 11 (April 30, 2023): 33–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32365/kashm.2023.11.2.
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This paper examines changes made to the smallpox vaccination policy implemented by the Japanese Government-General of Korea to control the smallpox epidemic in colonial Korea, and analyzes the operation and effectiveness of the policy. To this end, I look into the background of the enactment of the smallpox vaccination regulation promulgated in 1923 and what the Japanese Government-General of Korea recognized as essential in revising the regulation.
In 1923, the Japanese Government-General of Korea enacted a regulation called Joseon Jongduryeong to emphasize the necessity of smallpox vaccination and to actively implement vaccination by presenting scientific grounds. It was a revision of the existing regulation and based on the Japanese rule (Shutorei) enacted in 1909. The revision changed the period, subject, and number of doses for vaccination. It reflected the analysis of vaccination results and immunity conducted in Japan, and the geographical conditions of colonial Korea. In addition, due to the shortage of doctors and traditional medical practitioners, Vaccination Practitioners (Jongdusisulsaeng) played a significant role in implementing public smallpox vaccination. This inherited a part of the previous system (Jongduinheowon).
Vaccination Practitioners were the main agents to implement temporary and special smallpox vaccinations, as well as regular ones. However, their vaccination techniques were difficult to trust because becoming a vaccination practitioner did not require any special skills, and they were trained only for a short time in learning to vaccinate for smallpox. As the smallpox epidemic re-emerged in the 1930s and 1940s, their role expanded inevitably. Therefore, it might be possible that management after smallpox vaccination was not strictly carried out.
The Japanese Government-General of Korea was aware that vaccination practitioners were not ideal agents to implement smallpox vaccination, but had no choice but to use them amid a lack of medical personnel. However, it trusted the effectiveness of smallpox vaccines developed in Japan. Therefore, rather than focusing on securing a positive reaction (善感), it aimed to prevent the spread of the epidemic by vaccinating more people, more often.
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SUTTON, A. J., N. J. GAY, W. J. EDMUNDS, and O. N. GILL. "Modelling alternative strategies for delivering hepatitis B vaccine in prisons: the impact on the vaccination coverage of the injecting drug user population." Epidemiology and Infection 136, no. 12 (March 17, 2008): 1644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268808000502.
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SUMMARYSince 2001 hepatitis B vaccination has been offered to prisoners on reception into prisons in England and Wales. However, short campaigns of vaccinating the entire population of individual prisons have achieved high vaccination coverage for limited periods, suggesting that short campaigns may be a preferable way of vaccinating prisoners. A model is used that describes the flow of prisoners through prisons stratified by injecting status to compare a range of vaccination scenarios that describe vaccination on prison reception or via regular short campaigns. Model results suggest that vaccinating on prison reception can capture a greater proportion of the injecting drug user (IDU) population than the comparable campaign scenarios (63% vs. 55·6% respectively). Vaccination on prison reception is also more efficient at capturing IDUs for vaccination than vaccination via a campaign, although vaccination via campaigns may have a role with some infections for overall control.
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Costantino, Andrea, Marco Michelon, Daniele Noviello, Fabio Salvatore Macaluso, Salvo Leone, Nicole Bonaccorso, Claudio Costantino, Maurizio Vecchi, and Flavio Caprioli. "Attitudes towards Vaccinations in a National Italian Cohort of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Vaccines 11, no. 10 (October 13, 2023): 1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11101591.
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Background: The vaccination status of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) should be investigated before starting any treatment, and patients should eventually be vaccinated against vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). Patients with IBD may have suboptimal vaccination rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vaccination coverage, attitude towards vaccinations, and determinants among an Italian cohort of patients with IBD. Methods: AMICI, the Italian IBD patients’ association, sent an anonymous web-based questionnaire in February 2021. Previous vaccination status and patients’ attitudes towards vaccinations were recorded. We examined the factors influencing their attitudes using crude and adjusted odds ratios (adjORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Among the 4039 patients invited, 1252 patients (including 729 women, median age 47.7 [37–58]) completed the questionnaire, with a response rate of 25.3%. Respondents declared being vaccinated against tetanus (74.1%), flu (67.7%; last season), MMR (43.3%), HBV (37.1%), pneumococcus (29.1%), meningitis (20%), HAV (16%), VZV (15.3%), and HPV (7.6%). Complete vaccination history was not remembered by 20.7% of the patients. One thousand one hundred and twelve (88.8%) expressed a positive attitude towards vaccination, 91 (7.3%) were indifferent, and 49 (3.9%) reported being opposed to vaccinations. The belief of a possible return of VPDs with a decline in vaccination coverage rates was the factor most strongly related to a positive attitude towards vaccinations (adjOR 5.67, 95% CI 3.45–9.30, p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: A low vaccination rate against some VPDs was found among a national cohort of patients with IBD, despite a generally positive attitude towards vaccinations.
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Łuszczyńska, Maria. "Uwarunkowania działania systemu szczepień przeciwko COVID-19 i ich znaczenie dla funkcjonowania domów pomocy społecznej." Societas/Communitas 1, no. 33 (March 31, 2023): 339–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.55226/uw.s-c.2022.33.1.14.
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As part of counteracting the effects of the COVID-19 epidemic, at the beginning of 2021, the possibility of vaccinating residents and staff of nursing homes (DPS), who found themselves in the first group covered by the National Immunization Plan, was introduced. The level of this vaccination was and is surprisingly high, especially compared to other social groups. In connection with access to vaccinations, it is the DPS managerial staff who are first obliged to build a vaccination system for residents and employees, closely related to other legal regulations relating to the functioning of the institution at this difficult time.With the introduction of the possibility of vaccination against COVID-19, and thus the exceptionally high vaccination rate of residents, there appeared issues of a praxeological, legal, ethical and medical nature that should be presented in the context of the description of the process of protecting residents and DPS employees in the COVID era. The goal of this article is to present a broad analytical perspective for the situation of the participation of DPS residents in the National Vaccination Program, along with the presentation of sensitive issues and the consequences of the preventive and protective action for social issues, taking into account ethical, legal, economic and psychological issues. The article is presenting the most recent data on vaccination and the epidemic situation in the context of residents and employees of selected social welfare homes and discusses the broad context of implementing the vaccination in these institutions.
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Herzeel, Ann, Yassine Aikar, Zakaria Bouzid, Nathalie Clement, and Stéphanie Marheux. "Vaccination Covid-19." International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (December 28, 2023): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23640.
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Introduction: After the first vaccination campaign, a low vaccination coverage was observed in Brussels. This is linked to an accumulation of factors such as limited accessibility, confidence in the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine or in the public institutions combined with complicated transport solutions and a lack of vaccinators. These are significant barriers to improving immunization coverage, particularly in vulnerable neighborhoods.
In order to increase coverage and also in the perspective of vaccinating everyone (vacci4all project), Common Community Commission (COCOM) has decentralized vaccination through temporary initiatives: local antennas, mobile teams, door-to-door visits, GP’s, awareness-raising by pharmacists, call-centers,...
The results have reinforced the idea of decentralization to reach the most vulnerable. The idea of vaccination in pharmacies was explored, bringing new perspectives regarding long-term management.
Method:
1. Pharma-on-tour
Through an application system and the establishment of quality criteria, 5 pharmacies with
experience in vaccination centers are integrated into the pilot project: doctors come to the
pharmacy to vaccinate patients previously sensitized by the pharmacist. The pharmacists prepare the vaccines; the doctors administer them. The project is financed by the Brussels-Capital Region (BCR).
2. Vaccipharma
A few days after the publication of the March 11, 2022 law allowing pharmacists to vaccinate, the
Vaccipharma project is launched: vaccination by pharmacists starts in 5 pharmacies that meet the quality requirements.
3. Timesheet
Without a remuneration framework, the acts of preparation and vaccination are still
covered by the region on the basis of an hourly rate determined by Timesheets which are
filled in by the pharmacists who keep track of the acts related to the vaccination which helped determine a remuneration in accordance with reality/practice.
4. Implementation of the NIHDI remuneration framework and extension to the entire BRSince September 1, 2022, pharmacists can be remunerated for the acts of preparation of vaccine doses and vaccinations by the NIHDI. Any person, insured or not, can be vaccinated in a pharmacy.
In addition to the vaccination in the pharmacy, the COCOM takes care of the delivery to the first line as well as the preparation and delivery to the nursing homes and communities.
5. Extension of the project from 28 to 135pharmacies
All Brussels municipalities have vaccinating pharmacies. Each pharmacy was inspected and given training to ensure the respect of the government's quality requirements.
Results/Lessons learned: The need to focus on decentralized vaccination initiatives that combine proximity, quality and trust was reaffirmed. This is demonstrated by the fact that the preferred location for patients seeking a primary vaccination is the pharmacy.
This promising and sustainable project enables a local supplying and is a catalyst for first line vaccination in an infrastructure that provides a quality of reception and service in a place familiar to the public, with a very interesting cost-benefit-quality ratio. The individual approach and direct communication can increase vaccination coverage, particularly in vulnerable neighborhoods. A survey of patients reveals a high level of satisfaction both in terms of reception, booking, information received, privacy, proximity, ease, speed, accessibility and in the trust-based relationship.
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Vogler, Ralf. "Vaccination Requirements." Tourism 70, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37741/t.70.1.10.
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With the start of vaccination efforts in various countries, hopes spark that social gatherings are coming closer within reach. From a leisure and tourism business perspective, vaccination is a possible road to restart. Such a restart depends on the number of people receiving vaccinations and the sense of safety for customers. Therefore, businesses relying on social gatherings might be highly motivated to further boost vaccination acceptance by requiring their customers to get vaccinated. The following shall provide a basis of debate about the possibilities of enforcing vaccination initiatives from a political perspective considering legal restrictions.
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Zhou, F., M. C. Lindley, J. T. Lee, and T. C. Jatlaoui. "Association Between Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy and Infant Influenza Vaccination." Obstetric Anesthesia Digest 44, no. 1 (February 22, 2024): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aoa.0001005436.35108.8c.
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(Obstet Gynecol. 2023;141:563–569) Vaccines are safe and effective in preventing illness, including in mildly immunosuppressed individuals such as pregnant women. Influenza vaccines have been in use for decades and have been shown to be safe and effective at preventing illness in both mother and child, providing protection through the transplacental transfer of antibodies to infants too young to receive their own vaccination. Influenza presents increased risks to pregnant individuals as well as adverse outcomes for fetuses and infants. Annual influenza vaccinations are recommended for everyone 6 months and older, but rates of annual vaccinations are chronically low. This study was designed to evaluate the association between influenza vaccination during pregnancy and infant influenza vaccination.
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Shafira Dyah Setyawati, Eustachius Hagni Wardoyo, and Linda Silvana Sari. "Qualitative analysis of knowledge, attitude and practice of academic community of Mataram University regarding COVID-19 vaccine refusal, vaccination obligation and cultural barriers." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 13, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.13.3.0354.
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Background: COVID-19 cases in Indonesia has spread rapidly throughout the country, so the government implemented COVID-19 vaccination program. This program raises differences in public perception of COVID-19 vaccination, includes polemics against religion and beliefs, vaccinations as right or obligation, as well as refusal against vaccines. Methods: This is a qualitative descriptive study that focuses on knowledge, attitudes and behavior on three themes, namely obligation and voluntary for vaccination, the right to refuse vaccination, as well as social, religious and cultural barriers in accepting vaccination. This study uses purposive sampling with FGD technique in academic community in University of Mataram who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Total 11 lecturers and students met the inclusion and exclusion criteria participated in FGD. There were 11 sub-themes found. Participant knowledge is good, represented by knowledge of COVID-19 vaccination policy, benefits of COVID-19 vaccine policy and sources of information regarding COVID-19 vaccine. The majority of participants' attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine were positive and viewed the polemic of refusing vaccinations and vaccinations as right or obligation as a conditional matter. Social barrier is considered the biggest barrier to COVID-19 vaccination. Participant behavior regarding vaccine availability varied and some participants willing to help increase vaccination in the community. Conclusion: FGD Participants have good knowledge ofCOVID-19 vaccination policy. The attitudes of FGD participants showed that there were variations in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, vaccines as mandatory or voluntary, refusal to vaccinate and COVID-19 barrier vaccinations. Participant behavior varies in willingness to vaccine and some participants willing to participate in increasing vaccination in the community.
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Gawryś, Ada, Tomasz Gołębiowski, Dorota Zielińska, Hanna Augustyniak-Bartosik, Magdalena Kuriata-Kordek, Leszek Szenborn, and Magdalena Krajewska. "Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Flu Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients." Vaccines 9, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020077.
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Background: Hemodialysis (HD) patients have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to infections. Despite the positive effect of vaccinations, the implementation of this method of prophylaxis is low. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of flu vaccination among HD patients of two different dialysis centers. Methods: A total of 193 patients (mean age 63.6 years), who voluntarily agreed to participate in an anonymous survey related to influenza vaccination, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Results: A total of 45% of patients declared that they took regular, annual flu vaccination. In this group, 87.4% believed that vaccinations were effective. This opinion strongly correlated with the frequency of regular vaccinations (r = 0.56, p < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that this opinion is an independent predictor of regular vaccinations with adjusted OR 9.86 (95% CI 4.36, 22.33). Groups of patients who had been irregularly or never vaccinated reject vaccinations for the following reasons: fear of adverse events—29.2%, conviction that vaccination was ineffective—26.4%, and lack of information about vaccination—22.6%. Conclusion: Knowledge among HD patients about the benefits of vaccinations is poor. Therefore, educational activities are required. Active vaccination promotion and education of patients rejecting this method of prevention play a key role in improving standards of care for HD patients.
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Maria Theresia, Siwi Ikaristi, and Mark Donald C. Reñosa. "Accelerating COVID-19 Vaccination Amid Natural Disasters in Indonesia." Malaysian Journal of Nursing 14, no. 03 (2023): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2023.v14i03.024.
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The COVID-19 vaccination program continues to be intensified around the world to control widespread coronavirus which continues to mutate. Indonesia affected by COVID-19 and currently accelerating vaccination to the entire population throughout the archipelago in achieving herd immunity. The biggest challenge experienced by Indonesia at this moment is delivering COVID-19 vaccination during the event of natural disasters that continue to occur during 2020-2021 pandemic. This article written based on a review of legitimate Indonesian government sources, supported by research articles and official online news published in English and Indonesian language. The review indicated that Indonesian government committed to accelerate the vaccination with various measures. The Indonesian government's policy, Presidential Decree no. 99 year 2020 specified the provision and implementation of COVID-19 vaccine and initialization of the program across all regions. The government synergizes with community, while cross-sectoral collaboration highly visible upon the developed strategies amid disasters events. The strategies include mapping of disaster area, execute vaccinations in disaster areas, involving military and police in the national vaccine program, and introductory of proactive vaccination procedure by taking advantages of central public facilities for vaccination venue and involvement of health students serving as the vaccinator team. The results of this hard work have been proven to stimulate positive impact since Indonesia's vaccination rate has beyond the WHO target. 93.86% of the Indonesian population have received first dose vaccination, while 75.67% completed two-doses and 9.52% received third dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Indonesia is shifting the country status from pandemic to endemic.
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Lincoln, Andrew E., Alicia M. Dixon-Ibarra, John P. Hanley, Ashlyn L. Smith, Kiki Martin, and Alicia Bazzano. "Global report on COVID-19 vaccination and reasons not to vaccinate among adults with intellectual disabilities: Results from secondary analyses of Special Olympics’ program planning." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 6 (June 13, 2023): e0001367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001367.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected people with intellectual disabilities worldwide. The objective of this study was to identify global rates of COVID-19 vaccination and reasons not to vaccinate among adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) associated with country economic income levels. The Special Olympics COVID-19 online survey was administered in January-February 2022 to adults with ID from 138 countries. Descriptive analyses of survey responses include 95% margins of error. Logistic regression and Pearson Chi-squared tests were calculated to assess associations with predictive variables for vaccination using R 4.1.2 software. Participants (n = 3560) represented 18 low (n = 410), 35 lower-middle (n = 1182), 41 upper-middle (n = 837), and 44 high (n = 1131) income countries. Globally, 76% (74.8–77.6%) received a COVID-19 vaccination while 49.5% (47.9–51.2%) received a COVID-19 booster. Upper-middle (93% (91.2–94.7%)) and high-income country (94% (92.1–95.0%)) participants had the highest rates of vaccination while low-income countries had the lowest rates (38% (33.3–42.7%)). In multivariate regression models, country economic income level (OR = 3.12, 95% CI [2.81, 3.48]), age (OR = 1.04, 95% CI [1.03, 1.05]), and living with family (OR = 0.70, 95% CI [0.53, 0.92]) were associated with vaccination. Among LLMICs, the major reason for not vaccinating was lack of access (41.2% (29.5–52.9%)). Globally, concerns about side effects (42%, (36.5–48.1%)) and parent/guardian not wanting the adult with ID to vaccinate (32% (26.1–37.0%)) were the most common reasons for not vaccinating. Adults with ID from low and low-middle income countries reported fewer COVID-19 vaccinations, suggesting reduced access and availability of resources in these countries. Globally, COVID-19 vaccination levels among adults with ID were higher than the general population. Interventions should address the increased risk of infection for those in congregate living situations and family caregiver apprehension to vaccinate this high-risk population.
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Malanicheva, T. G., N. V. Ziatdinova, G. G. Gataullina, and L. M. Mukhametzanova. "Evaluating clinical effectiveness and safety of pneumococcal immunization of infants." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 17 (November 1, 2023): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/ms2023-361.
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According to WHO, pneumococcal infection (PI) is considered one of the most dangerous of all vaccine-preventable diseases and, before vaccination, led to the death of up to 1.6 million people per year, of which from 0.7 to 1 million were children. In the prevention of PI, specific prevention occupies a special place. For the first time in 2014, vaccination against PI with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was included in the national calendar of preventive vaccinations. International practice of using pneumococcal vaccine has shown that timely vaccination can produce positive results in the fight against PI. Under observation were 55 children who were vaccinated against PI with the pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (adsorbed), 13 valent according to the national calendar of preventive vaccinations of the Russian Federation. It was revealed that post-vaccination complications after vaccination did not occur in any child. General post-vaccination reactions were observed in the form of a short-term increase in temperature, loss of appetite and sleep disturbances, as well as local reactions in the form of edema, hyperemia, and hardening at the site of vaccine administration. We studied the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute otitis media and acute respiratory infections among 55 children of the first year of life vaccinated at 2 months and 4.5 months (main group) and 50 children for various reasons not vaccinated against PI (comparison group). A study of the long-term results of 2-fold vaccination in the first year of life and revaccination at 15 months against PV based on observation of children for two years showed that children of the main group, compared with the comparison group, were 3.3 times less likely to suffer from PV, 2.7 times acute otitis and 1.7 times acute respiratory infections, p < 0.05. The data obtained show the high efficiency and safety of vaccinating children against PI with the pneumococcal vaccine.
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Varughese, Tilly, Michael Song, and Joachim Sackey. "1379. Vaccination Rates among Liver Transplant Recipients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Newark, NJ." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S775—S776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1571.
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Abstract Background Transplant candidates and recipients are at increased risk of infectious complications of vaccine-preventable diseases due to their longstanding immunosuppressive regimens. We assessed the rates of vaccination in our liver transplant patients at University Hospital (UH) in Newark, NJ. Methods Retrospective chart-review including patients > 18 years old who underwent liver transplantation at UH for a 3-year period from 01/01/2017 to 07/20/2020. Data collected included demographics, clinical outcomes, eligibility and receipt of vaccinations before and after transplantation, protection titers after administration of hepatitis vaccinations and presence of an ID outpatient consultation. We looked at the following receipt of vaccinations: Prevnar-13, Pneumovax-23, Influenza, TDaP, Shingrix, Varivax, Havrix and Engerix/Heplisav. Characteristics of study participants was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-Square/Fisher’s Exact tests were used to test associations. Results 119 unique medical charts were reviewed and no patients were excluded. Of those patients who were eligible to receive Hepatitis A vaccination, only 44.8% were documented to receive vaccination and of those eligible to receive Hepatitis B vaccination, only 47.8% received it. Influenza vaccination pre-transplantation was 46% and 66.1% in post-transplant recipients. For the other vaccinations, during the pre-transplant period, 17.6 % of patients received Prevnar-13, 36.1% Pneumovax-23 and 20.2% TDaP and 26.1% received Shingrix. Patients who had ID consultation were significantly more likely to receive appropriate Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B vaccinations (p values 0.026 and 0.005). Conclusion We are not meeting national vaccination standards set by the American Society of Transplantation (AST) for optimal vaccination in this population. Our study can inform of possible solutions to increase vaccination rates in this population such as the simple addition of a smartphrase within EMR notes to remind providers to order appropriate vaccinations and eventually, a more long term solution of creation of a dedicated vaccination clinic and/or routine ID pre-transplant evaluations for all transplant candidates. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Ganczak, Maria, Paweł Kalinowski, Oskar Pasek, Łukasz Duda-Duma, Ewa Sobieraj, Jakub Goławski, Daniel Biesiada, et al. "Health System Barriers to Child Mandatory and Optional Vaccination among Ukrainian Migrants in Poland in the Context of MMR and HPV Vaccines—A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010712.
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Background Migrants’ access to healthcare services is limited. This study aimed to identify health system barriers to vaccination, specifically HPV/MMR vaccination among children in Ukrainian economic migrants (UMs). Methods Between December 2021–March 2022, a qualitative study of UMs living in Poland was conducted. Six focus groups were held with 53 UMs aged 15–45; in-depth interviews with 12 healthcare workers (HCWs) were also performed. A thematic analysis was conducted based on the six WHO health system building blocks. Results HCWs described gaps in integrating migrant status in accessible healthcare data which impeded active management of vaccination procedures. UMs reported that the digitization of healthcare services, intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic, reduced their access to primary care. Inadequate health information systems caused problems with the provision of credible vaccine information in translated forms, and language difficulties, experienced by both UMs and HCWs; this was enhanced by a lack of professional interpreting services. Although most UMs reported vaccinating children according to the Polish schedule, the variations in schedules across countries caused concern among UMs and increased HCWs’ uncertainty about how to interpret vaccination cards, particularly in the context of possible false certificates. UMs were affected by discrimination through HCWs. HPV was deprioritized by UMs due to misconceptions about non-mandatory vaccinations; the cost was also a barrier. Conclusions The study findings have implications for migrant vaccination delivery targeting children in Poland, and other UMs receiving countries. A concerted effort is required to improve UM’s awareness of the significance of vaccinations. Barriers to healthcare access must be recognized by policymakers. Importantly, removing the cost barrier may increase the uptake of the HPV vaccine among Ukrainian migrant adolescents.
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Veronese, Nicola, Giusy Vassallo, Maria Armata, Laura Cilona, Salvatore Casalicchio, Roberta Masnata, Claudio Costantino, et al. "Multidimensional Frailty and Vaccinations in Older People: A Cross-Sectional Study." Vaccines 10, no. 4 (April 3, 2022): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040555.
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It is known that influenza, herpes zoster, pneumococcal and pertussis infections may increase morbidity and mortality in older people. Vaccinations against these pathogens are effective in older adults. Frailty seems to be an important determinant of vaccination rates, yet data supporting this association are still missing. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of four recommended vaccinations (influenza, herpes zoster, pneumococcal and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis) and the association with multidimensional frailty assessed using a self-reported comprehensive geriatric assessment tool, i.e., the multidimensional prognostic index (SELFY-MPI). Older participants visiting the outpatient clinic of Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Palermo, Italy were included. The SELFY-MPI questionnaire score was calculated based on eight different domains, while the vaccination status was determined using self-reported information. We included 319 participants from the 500 initially considered (63.8%). Vaccination against influenza was observed in 70.5% of the cases, whilst only 1.3% received the vaccination against diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis. Participants with higher SELFY-MPI scores were more likely to report vaccination against pneumococcus (45.6 vs. 28.3%, p = 0.01), whilst no significant differences were observed for the other vaccinations. In conclusion, the coverage of recommended vaccinations is low. Higher SELFY-MPI scores and vaccination status, particularly anti-pneumococcus, appear to be associated, but future studies are urgently needed for confirming that frailty is associated with vaccination status in older people.