Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vaccarès, Étang de (France)'
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Paugam, Caroline. "Niveau d'eau à la côte en bassin semi-ouvert ˸ : effets combinés du vent, des vagues et de la bathymétrie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL0003.
Full textThis doctoral research focuses on water level variations in semi-open coastal basins and the impact of wind, waves and bathymetry. The two phenomena causing water level variations studied are wind-tides and seiching. Three coastal basins were selected on the French coast of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region˸ the Vaccarès lagoon, the Berre lagoon and the Toulon Bay. The choice of these sites is due to the fact that they are exposed to equivalent wind regimes, their depths, morphologies and openings to the seaare different, allowing a comparative analysis. This work is based on the use of in-situ water level data from the HTM-NET network and two experimental campaigns. It was shown that the higher the wind speed, the steeper the slope of the free surface. Wind-tide is all the more important as the depth of the basin is low. In addition, the greater the opening to the sea, the lower the wind-tide. The determination of a constant drag coefficient allowed a satisfactory prediction of moderate wind-tides. It was also observed that in basins of finite depth and limited fetch conditions, the wave conditions are responsible for a higher wind friction on the water surface. The analysis of the currents showed that the presence of wind-tides has an impact on the currentology in the three sites. The periods of the seiches in the three sites were determined and the axes of resonance could be partly identified. The seiche amplitudes are of the order of mm in the Vaccarès lagoon and cm in the Berre lagoon and the Toulon Bay. The high friction in theshallow water site is responsible for an attenuation of the seiche amplitudes. The presence of seiche was correlated with wind-tides in the Berre and Vaccarès lagoons, which have a moderate opening to the sea. On the other hand, in the Toulon Bay, which has a large opening to the sea, other forcings are likely to excite the natural modes
Ben, Maïz Naceur. "Flore algale (Rhodophyta, Phaeophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bryopsidophyceae) de l'Etang de Thau (Hérault)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX22057.
Full textGangnery, Aline. "Etude et modélisation de la dynamique des populations de bivalves en élevage ("Crassostrea gigas" et "Mytilus galloprovincialis") dans le bassin de Thau (Méditerranée, France) et des ascidies solitaires associées." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20022.
Full textSécolier, Pierre. "Une communauté lagunaire en mutation : l'étang de Thau et ses petits métiers." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0812.
Full textThere has been quite an intense development of traditional industries around the « étang de Thau », the largest lagoon in the Gulf of Lions. Of these, fishing and shellfish farming make up what is nowadays known as the “small enterprises” of the lagoon. In an undefined category that is not quite a micro society, this community has managed, thanks to its great vitality, to adapt to changes in the socioeconomic context. Since settling on the shores of the lagoon they have had to overcome a lot of problems – linked to the climatic environment, fishing, fish-farming techniques and the usual disputes. Difficulties arise from the new redefined role of women in production, from the sharing of space and resources and from the various phytosanitary crises. These constraints do not prevent shellfish lovers from paying their homage by organising religious ceremonies, games and festivities all around the lagoon. When the party is over, no one can forget the ever-present tensions between a constantly expanding human activity. In order to preserve the quality of the environment while satisfying the requirements of all users, some professionals have joined forces to get round a certain number of intermediary social organisations that do not have their total confidence. Their knowledge of issues relating to the use of the area has allowed them to take a stand in managing disturbances - particularly those brought about by continually increasing numbers of people using the lagoon. In this way, they have managed, insofar as is possible, to preserve the resources of the lagoon, and ensure the survival of the “little jobs”
Bouchereau, Jean-Luc. "Bioécologie et tactiques adaptatives d'occupation d'une lagune méditerranéenne (Mauguio, Languedoc, France) par trois poissons téléostéens gobiidés : "Pomatoschistus minutus" (Pallas, 1770), "P[omatoschistus] microps" (Kroyer, 1838), "Gobius Niger Linnaeus", 1758." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20043.
Full textGenovesi-Giunti, Benjamin. "Initiation, maintien et récurrence des efflorescences toxiques d’Alexandrium catenella (dinophyceae) dans une lagune méditerranéenne (Thau, France) : rôle du kyste dormant." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20202.
Full textThe toxic blooms of Alexandrium catenella in Thau lagoon (France) are related to paralytic shellfish poisoning syndrome. Understanding and predicting their developments depend on the identification of the seeding pattern and potential "hot spots" for bloom initiation. Mapping reveals three preferential zones for resting cysts accumulation which are linked to hydrodynamism. Low resting cyst density in sediments is related probably to a new invasion process. However, higher densities linked to a patchy distribution mode are recorded in the creek of l’Angle which is considered as a significant hot spot for bloom initiation. Bloom recurrence results from cyst survival in sediments, whose renewal depends on the encystment phase. The germination of A. Catenella resting cyst does not depend on light and nutrients in the culture medium. High rates of excystment and synchrony occur in a large "environmental window" (temperature and salinity). However, the low realized seeding ratio limits significantly the initiation phase. The confrontation with numerical simulations suggests that a short duration of water column stability/confining period associated with a frontal structure reduces dispersion, supports the cohesion of bottom cell clusters and allows the seeding population to reach a critical density as a condition for successful bloom initiation
Pampoulie, Christophe. "Conséquences d'une arrivée massive d'eau douce sur la communauté de gobies (Téléostéens, Poissons) d'une lagune méditerranéenne : l'exemple de l'étang du Vaccarès (Camargue, France)." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20148.
Full textRudloff, Marie-Anne. "La construction d'un marché contingent : une application à la qualité de l'eau." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON10024.
Full textJarry, Vincent. "Etude pluridisciplinaire en écologie lagunaire (étang de Thau, France) : stratégie d'échantillonnage et organisation spatiale du phytoplancton." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20204.
Full textLoubet, Aurelien. "Modélisation de l'hydrosystème Vaccarès : contribution à une gestion adaptative des ressources en eau dans le delta du Rhône, France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4777.
Full textThe studied site is the Vaccarès hydrosystem, the central part of the Rhône delta and a good example of strong relationship between humans and a natural area. Through the data acquisition and data processing, we characterised the hydro-saline dynamic of this complex hydrosystem from 1993 to 2008. From a further analysis, we established first the hydro-saline and sedimentary balance across the lagoon complex. Through a monitoring of 16 years, the sedimentary balance revealed a sediment deficit of about 19'500 tons when we disregard the outstanding contributions of flooding waters in 1993 and 1994. If this deficit persists, the difference in altitude between the sea and the delta will tend to increase. This will result by a salinization of the system, unwanted by the most of his actors. To investigate these consequences, we conceived a hydrodynamic model of the Vaccarès lagoon complex, capable to simulate water levels and salinities. The model, named Hydro-CAM, was calibrated and validated in terms of water levels and salinities in three sub-units of the lagoon complex. It was then used to test the system dynamics in a prospective approach. The objective in this thesis work was to explore by simulation the possible trajectories of the evolution of the Hydrosystem in terms of water and salt balance. Simulations were based on scenarii constructed from climate parameters and anthropogenic parameters (water management, constructions, land use on drainage basins, etc.). The results revealed the vulnerability of this complex system to various risks which it is already facing and for which the intensification and/or increase can be expected in the future
Aykin, Bilge. "Les villes nouvelles des rives de l'étang de Berre." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX23003.
Full textNew tows statuts was confered to fos, istres, miramas and vitrolles in lake of berre district widle the building of an industrial and harbour pole. Those four towns had a planed development during twenty years. The will to apply a new policy in berre district brought important modifications of urban landscape in marseilles metropolitan area
Fillit, Muriel. "Eutrophication et macroalgues dans une lagune littorale méditerranéenne : (étang de Méjean-Pérols) : l'étang change, les ulves prospèrent." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20195.
Full textGalès, Philippe. "Origine et devenir d'une bactérie pathogène (Salmonella) dans les compartiments eau, sédiment, coquillages filtreurs d'un écosystème méditerranéen marin côtier (étang de Thau, France)." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20249.
Full textBorsa, Philippe. "Génétique des populations bivalves en milieu lagunaire : la palourde dans l'étang de Thau (Méditerranée)." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066416.
Full textThe genetic structuration of populations of the palourde, Ruditapes decussatus, a bivalve species of the Mediterranean coastal lagoons, was studied at the enzymatic gene level, in relation to their ecology and their demography. A genetic comparison of local populations of the Languedocian lagoons suggested that they constitute a metapopulation. In the Thau lagoon, genetic heterogeneity could be related to demographic features. Genetic differences between cohorts appeared to account for significant heterozygote deficiencies, although not fully explaining them. For this, a Wahlund effect could be rejected. The hypothesis of selection affecting pre-recruits appeared most likely and it was confirmed by preliminary results of experiments conducted on larvae. It was shown that mean heterozygosity increases in a cohort monitored over one generation. This also occurs during sudden environmental stress (malaigue). Selective intercations between loci also could be detected. Thus, consistent observations account for the existence of a selective control of the distribution of multilocus, as well as monolocus genotypes, at both the larval and post-settled stages, between individuals within a cohort, and between cohorts within the population
Ruchon, François. "Lipophrys pavo (Risso 1810) (Pisces, Blenniidae). Biologie d'une population lagunaire (stratégies et tactiques adaptatives)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30025.
Full textRobin, Joël. "Dynamique saisonnière du phytoplancton en étang de pisciculture de la plaine du Forez (Loire) : essais de contrôle des cyanobactéries." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10265.
Full textDerolez, Valérie. "Approche dynamique et intégrée de l'évaluation d'un socio-écosystème côtier : application à la lagune de Thau, son état écologique et ses bouquets de services écosystémiques sur la période 1970-2018." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG021.
Full textThe Thau lagoon is one of the largest Mediterranean coastal lagoons and it supports many uses such as shellfish farming and fishing, priority activities of the territory, and more recently recreational activities. Since the 1960s, the increase in anthropogenic inputs, linked to the sudden growth of the population, led to microbiological contaminations of shellfish and to the eutrophication of the lagoon, with negative impacts at sanitary, ecological and socio-economic levels. Since the 1970s, the considerable work carried out on the waste water system on the watershed has made it possible to restore the lagoon, which then began an oligotrophication trajectory, a process that has still few been studied in coastal environments.Subject to a variety of pressures and disturbances, Thau can be studied as a complex system, within which the ecosystem interacts with society, constituting a socio-ecosystem (SES). The general objective of the thesis is to propose benchmarks able to assess the state and to analyze the trajectory of the Thau SES from 1970 to 2018, in a dynamic and integrated way, based on the approaches and tools proposed by: i) restoration ecology and ii) ecosystem services (ES) approach. From the point of view of the state and functioning of the ecosystem, statistical analyzes of long-term data series on autotrophic compartments have highlighted shifts in the composition of communities, as well as phenomena of resilience or inertia during oligotrophication. By applying the interdisciplinary tool of timelines, we distinguished three contrasting periods in the trajectory of the SES: P1) 1970-1989: degraded state, predominant traditional uses and sectoral management; P2) 1990-2004, transition period: start of improvement in water quality, development of recreational uses and structuring of management; P3) 2005-2018: oligotrophication, diversification of uses and integrated management. Through the dynamic analysis of: i) bundles of ecosystem services (matches or gaps between ES’ potential and consumption); ii) and of forms of ES demands potentially driving change (impacting, unsatisfied, conservation), we identified the main interactions between ecological and social processes and the main determinants of the phases of stability or change in the SES
Gerbal, Maryse. "Analyse spatio-temporelle des peuplements phytobenthiques de substrat meuble de l'étang de Thau (Hérault, France)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22007.
Full textPapon, Pierre. "Les plans d'eau superficiels : définition, fonctionnement, aménagements : étude du lac Balaton, du lac de Grand-Lieu et de l'étang de Cieux." Limoges, 2007. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/eae82125-06b1-45bf-a9bb-06340fa362b0/blobholder:0/2007LIMO2006.pdf.
Full textBernard, Guillaume. "Changements à long terme des peuplements de magnoliophytes d'un étang sous forte influence anthropique : l'étang de Berre (Méditerranée, France)." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX22092.
Full textThe Berre lagoon was occupied, at the turn of the 20th century, by extensive Zostera meadows (Z. Marina and probably Z. Noltii, perhaps over 6000 ha). Potamogeton pectinatus was present in very limited areas in the immediate vicinity of the rivers. By means of analysis of aerial photographs for the years 1944, 1992, 1998 and 2004, coupled with ground truth for the last dates, we mapped the Zostera meadows. The replacement of Z. Marina by Z. Noltii, the latter being already dominant in the 1970s, was completed in 1990. In parallel to this substitution, the Zostera beds underwent a dramatic decline. In 2004, the Zostera meadows covered 1. 5 ha and must be considered as functionally extinct. The life history of Potamogeton pectinatus in the Berre lagoon has also been traced by using data from the literature and unpublished observations. The lagoon has shifted from a system dominated by seagrass beds to a system with bare silt bottoms, which now occupy most of the lagoon
Lescure, Chantal. "Relation bassin versant-étang : étude quantitative de l'azote inorganique dans les échanges atmosphère-sol-eau." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO11740.
Full textVincent, Céline. "Détection de structures tourbillonnaires par analyse de données directionnelles." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20128.
Full textBernard, Céline. "L' étang, l'homme et l'oiseau : incidences des modes de gestion des étangs piscicoles sur les ceintures de végétation et l'avifaune nicheuse en Sologne, Brenne, Bresse, Territoire de Belfort et Champagne humide." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENSF0054.
Full textThe piscicultural ponds are simultaneously economic areas of production by the intermediary of an extensive pisciculture, still strongly marked by traditions, and major ecosystems for the vegetation and the reproduction of water birds in France. The reception capacities of the ponds avifauna are obviously dependent on piscicultural practices which have to be replaced in their historical and socio-economic points of view. The adopted space approach tends to explore the existing interactions between three compartments of the piscicultural system, complex and variable from one area to another: - nesting of the avifauna - belts of aquatic vegetation - the piscicultural management, whose methods condition the economic and ecological potentialities. The comparative analysis of five piscicultural systems in the Sologne, Brenne, Bresse, Territory of Belfort and Wet Champagne has the aim of describing the specific adaptation of the piscicultural activity to their particular geohistorical contexts. It makes it possible to release the conditions under which piscicultural production and reception of the avifauna are set out, supplemented or compete with the possible use by hunting, on the same space: the pond, with its ambiguous and evolutionary definition. The various methods thus described, of balances between practices or possibly of user-conflicts, are used as a framework on a reflexion on the complementarity of the multiple functions of ponds. They pose the topical question of the multifonctionality of spaces largely in debate in the agricultural and forest world
Munoz, David. "Etude de l'origine et de la dispersion des pollutions pétrolières à l'aide de traceurs biogéochimiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30045.
Full textFiandino, Mirabelle. "Apports de matières en suspension par les fleuves côtiers à l'étang de Berre (Bouches-du-Rhône, France) : Quantification des flux, identification des zones sources, étude des relations avec les conditions hydrologiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10035.
Full textPosada, Florence. "Dynamique des populations, croissance et absorption des sels nutritifs des populations fixées d'Ulva rigida C. Agardh (étang de Thau, Sète, France)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30033.
Full textBertrand, Olivia. "Enregistrement molécularie de changements d'usage des sols et de pressions anthropiques : l'exemple d'un étang piscicole (Lansquenet, Lorraine)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0352/document.
Full textThe sedimentary series, collected in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, constitute records or archives of the state of a system at a given moment of the past and relate its evolution in relation to natural disturbances and anthropogenic pressure. In the following manuscript, the sedimentary record of a fish pond has been studied using a multidisciplinary approach. In particular, the characterization at the molecular and macromolecular scale of the organic matter in sediments of the pond Lansquenet allowed to reconstruct the history of its watershed. On the basis of biomarkers and molecular ratios (terrestrial to aquatic ratio: TAR(HC), C29/C27(ST), aquatic/macrophyte proxy: Paq, perylene, syringyl/vanillyl, cinnamyl/vanillyl, acid/aldehyde of syringyl and vanillyl units), this work has enabled us to understand, at the scale of a watershed, the changes in organic matter origins (terrestrial and/or aquatic, natural and/or anthropogenic) over a period of several centuries. Moreover, the results unraveled the depositional conditions as well as preservation conditions in the sedimentary profile, directly influenced by land use and human activities. The confrontation of organic geochemical data with sedimentological, mineralogical and palynological data was a real benefit and validated the use of a series of organic compounds as relevant and sensitive biomarkers regarding environmental and paleoenvironmental modifications. This study highlighted thus the succession of use of the Lansquenet site from a swampy area to the settlement of a fish pond punctuated by drier periods
Vitali, Delphine. "La question de la transversalité dans la gestion des hydrosystèmes fluviaux. Analyse des bassins versants de l'Etang de Berre et de l'Ouvèze." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10105.
Full textMocke, Gary. "Turbulence et courants induits par le vent en présence de gradients de densité et modèle hydrodynamique du bassin de Thau." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT075H.
Full textPaquier, Anne-Éléonore. "Interactions de la dynamique hydro-sédimentaire avec les herbiers de phanérogames, Étang de Berre." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3064/document.
Full textBerre lagoon was occupied by extensive meadows at the turn of the 20th century which regressed down under the impact of urban and industrial pollution and inflow of the EDF canal. Even though freshwater inputs and pollutions were drastically reduced respectively in the 1980s and 1990s, meadows have not significantly gained ground. This thesis aims at analysing the interactions between seagrass meadows of Berre lagoon, hydrodynamics and sedimentary processes, based on the postulate that these mechanisms are important in the maintenance of the meadows in their present dispersed form. In the lagoon, winds constitute the dominant influence on hydrodynamics in the lagoon by generating wind waves and currents. Wave attenuation is linked to wave height, which is, in turn, dependent on wind intensity and fetch length and modified by the bay morphology. Wave attenuation is also modulated by meadow biometry, and by water levels and currents.Whereas currents are strong and strongly influenced by wind and wind waves above the meadow, a transition canopy-water layer dissipates waves and currents. In the canopy, currents are thus attenuated.The meadow is not just a passive element in the overall sediment dynamics since it reduces energy and thus modifies substrate changes within and in the back of the meadow, thus protecting the shoreline. However, it is the recurrence of strong wind that seems to drive sedimentary changes. The strong interactions between the meadow and the hydrodynamic and sedimentary processes could limit the extension of the meadow in areas more exposed to waves
Guillo, Olivier. "Méthode de régulation d'une variable écologique par contrôle optimal stochastique, en temps réel, d'activités socio-économiques dans le cadre des jeux dynamiques : application à la qualité de l'eau de la lagune de Thau et à son bassin versant." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX24008.pdf.
Full textDuport, Eric Marc Yann. "Quantification de la bioturbation dans les écosystèmes marins côtiers : caractérisation des groupes fonctionnels responsables du remaniement sédimentaire." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22054.pdf.
Full textIn order to define the biological and environmental factors playing a role in the sediment reworking intensity changes, works have been carried out both on monospecific Nereis diversicolor population (in vitro) and in situ macrobenthic communities. The studies about in situ communities were realised over time in contrasted Mediterranean environments : St. Antoine canal (Gulf of Fos) and Thau Lagoon. The first part of this work was to characterize the species and more particularly their belonging bioturbation functional group according to their tropic and locomotive behaviors. In the second part, using particle tracers (luminophores), intensity of sediment reworking induced by organisms was quantified. The impact of the different studied factors on sediment reworking intensity was assessed with 1-D model. The results of the in vitro experiment showed the existence of a non-linear relationship between density of gallery-diffusor N. Diversicolor and sediment reworking intensity. The intensity of biodiffusive transport (Db) and the biotransport (r) first increased with the density and then reached a maximal value. This experimentation showed the importance of the population density which appears as a key factor in the sedimentary ecosystem functioning. The studies related to in situ communities allowed to highlight the crucial importance of the species functional traits and the functional diversity of the communities on the sediment mixing dynamics. This work has enabled us to show that temporal changes in sediment reworking are a complex phenomenon which can be explain by combined influence of biological factors (functional composition and density of the community), associated with the direct and indirect influence of environmental (temperature of water, oxygen concentration in the sediments, organic quantity of matter in the sedimentary column and particle size)
Aldomany, Mohammad. "L'évaporation dans le bilan hydrologique des étangs du Centre-Ouest de la France (Brenne et Limousin)." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE1155/document.
Full textThe erasure of water bodies (large or small) of the hydrographic continuum is the new French dogma related to the interpretation of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD-2000) in the Water and Environment Act (LEMA-2006). In fact, this strategy is based on ideas that are not based on any exact measure of the influence of the supposedly harmful water bodies on the amount of water flowing into the downstream hydrographic networks. In view of this remarkable paradox between applied regulation and the absence of direct measurements of the evaporation of metropolitan France's ponds, there appears to be a dual need in both basic geography and applied research for a detailed study on evaporation and the water balance of ponds.Methodologically, this study shows that the evaporation floating pan constructed of transparent plastic is the most suitable tool for measuring the evaporation of ponds. Conceptually, intensive field work has led to the development of a new empirical formula ''Aldomany'' that can provide reliable estimates of the evaporation of shallow water bodies at on an annual, monthly and daily basis using only readily available meteorological data. From a management perspective, this study shows that the loss of water caused by apond is similar to that of an oak has the same area and that the statements against the ponds should bere considered, the ponds of La Brenne being partly responsible for the summer low water of the Claise,while the Limousin's ponds play a rather positive role in ensuring a good summer flow of the hydrographic network of this region
Gomez, Hernandez Maria Elena. "Rôle des sédiments dans l'eutrophisation d'une lagune littorale Méditerranéenne (étang du Méjean-Hérault) : échanges du phosphate entre le sédiment et l'eau en fonction des conditions environnementales." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON13520.
Full textRigaud, Sylvain. "Dynamique et biodisponibilité des éléments traces métalliques dans les sédiments de l'étang de Berre." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30054.
Full textThe industrialization of the Berre lagoon in the 20th century was accompanied by large releases trace metals, which were partially accumulated in sediments and are now likely to be remobilized to the water column or be integrated into the food chain and cause an ecotoxicological risk.The reconstruction of the temporal and spatial trends of sediment contamination shows that current levels of contamination of surface sediments have been the lowest for decades in agreement with the effectiveness of regulations on industrial releases set up in the years 1970. These levels are low to moderate in surface but very high contamination exist a few centimeters below the sediment surface.The role of Fe and Mn oxy-hydroxides and sulfides in controlling the mobility of ETM in the sediment and fluxes at the water/sediment interface has been demonstrated through the modeling of transport and reactions of chemical compounds and trace metals in the pore waters, their concentration profiles in the reactive fraction of the particulate phase and experiments under controlled laboratory conditions. The oxygenation of the water column is the main parameter influencing the mobility and fluxes and the influence of reoxygenation of bottom water column in the Grand Etang is discussed.Finally, the bioavailability of trace metals and adverse effects they may constitute for a target benthic organism, the polychaete Nereis succinea, were evaluated by estimating the potentially bioavailable fraction in sediments (chemical extractions and Diffusive Gradient in Thin-films), by measuring bioaccumulated concentrations and by the use of biomarkers (metallothioneins and genotoxicity assays). Some highly bioaccumulated trace metals pose a potential risk and might be involved in the degradation of the benthic macrofauna
Langlet, Denis. "Enregistrement haute fréquence des conditions environnementales par les tests de bivalves : application des techniques de marquage,cathodoluminescence et chimie à l'huître Crassostrea gigas de l' Etang de Thau (Hérault, France)." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066425.
Full textJauzein, Cécile. "Paramétrisation de la nutrition azotée et phosphorée d’Alexandrium catenella, microalgue toxique responsable d’efflorescences dans la lagune de Thau." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20042.
Full textIn the Thau lagoon, blooms of the toxic microalgae Alexandrium catenella have induced regular losses of shellfish production since 1998 due to bioaccumulation of toxins in oysters and mussels. This thesis was conducted to enhance knowledge of toxic bloom development regulation by environmental factors, focusing on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients influence on A. Catenella growth. These works highlighted a large variety of potential nutritive sources for this species and a major part of these nutrients appeared to be potentially regenerated in the water column. Different organic sources may contribute to the growth of A. Catenella from diverse nutrition processes: direct absorption through the cell membrane (for urea), enzymatic degradation in the extracellular medium (for dissolved organic phosphorus) or phagocytosis (for ingestion of cyanobacteria). These mixotrophic capacities may represent competitive advantages for this species allowing the development of huge blooms; another competitive advantage may correspond to the potential use of nitrogen nutrients at night. A high complexity in nutrition processes of this species was revealed through observation of temporal variations in uptake capacities, excretion/absorption phenomena and interactions between nutrient uptake processes. The parametrization of a part of this complexity allowed the definition of mathematical formulations which can be integrated in a future growth model
Castaings, Jérôme. "Étude du fonctionnement hydrosédimentaire d’un écosystème lagunaire sur des échelles de temps multiples : application au complexe « étangs palavasiens - étang de l’Or - canal du Rhône à Sète." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20089/document.
Full textThe sedimentary evolution of coastal lagoons is a complex phenomenon involving both short term extreme processes (floods, storms) and long term processes (mean sea level variations, climate change). If general mechanisms of these phenomena are well known, their spatial and temporal variability makes them difficult to assess at the local scale. The diversity of lagoonal environments and human influence makes this even more risky. I have focussed this study on the case of a Mediterranean lagoon system : “Palavasian lagoons, Or lagoon, and Rhône-Sète waterway” which is located in the Gulf of Lion (South of France). A multidisciplinary approach was used to assess sediment dynamics on multiple time scales. An average filling rate of 1.3 mm.year-1 over the two last centuries was assessed using a both historical maps and geochronology (210Pb, 137Cs). An area loss due for half to anthropogenic impacts was also highlighted in the twentieth century. A short term (2 years) and high frequency monitoring of in situ hydro-sedimentary dynamics was performed to determine the influence of physical forcing over internal processes (erosion, resuspension, deposition). The main characteristics thresholds were estimated and related to weather conditions. The observed net balance during this monitoring shows a loss of sediment. This assessment, opposite of historical trends, is probably related to the conditions of reduced river contribution. The implementation of a numerical model is going on in order to explain the dynamics on a larger spatial and temporal scales
Lecoanet, Hélène. "Retombées métalliques sur les sols de la région Fos-Berre (Sud de la France) : Approche magnétique et géochimique appliquée à la discrimination des sources dé́mission." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30061.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to determine the relationships between magnetic particles and chemical elements for the Fos - Berre region (southern France) in order to valid an indirect approach for heavy metal contamination. The investigated zones are the Sollac-Fos steelworks, the Lafarge-Fos cement factory, and the Crau plain. Magnetic and chemical measurements were performed on various samples (aerosols, soils, water, and steel dusts). Pb and Sr isotope analyses as well as EXAFS spectroscopy were carried out in order to determine the source signature and the mineral phase carrying the heavy metals. The impact of the different emission sources on the magnetic and chemical characteristics of soils is demonstrated. For atmospheric fallout, the relalionships between magnetic parameters and heavy metals could be explained by the presence of non-totally crystallised melallic oxides and/or hydroxides. Zinc silicates are identified as well. .
Facca, Chiara. "Phytoplancton et microphytobenthos comme indicateurs de l'état trophique en milieu côtier." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20148.
Full textFonseca, da Silva Marques Raquel. "Drivers and fate of jellyfish blooms : The case study of Aurelia coerulea in the Thau lagoon, North Western Mediterranean." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG036.
Full textJellyfish are important components of marine ecosystems. Their spectacular blooms have severe ecological and socioeconomic impacts and are seemingly boosted by anthropogenic pressures on the marine environment. Concerns regarding increases in jellyfish blooms, at least in some areas of the world, call for a deeper understanding of their drivers. However, many jellyfish have complex life cycles, comprising both benthic and pelagic stages, which complicates the understanding of their blooms and predictions on their future evolution. Furthermore, the lack of knowledge regarding the fates of these large accumulations of biomass hampers the assessment of their impacts. With this regards, the semi-enclosed ecosystem of the Thau lagoon presents the rare particularity to harbour a complete resident population of the jellyfish Aurelia coerulea. Therefore, it offers the ideal background to study the multiple ecological processes affecting the dynamics of both its benthic and pelagic populations. This PhD built on this rare opportunity to precise the drivers and fates of the blooms of A. coerulea. This was accomplished in two steps. First, the benthic population dynamics in the lagoon was investigated and complemented with studies on its drivers and on the trophic ecology of both life stages over one year. To do so, in situ monitoring surveys and both stomach content and stable isotope analyses were employed. Second, the fate of A. coerulea biomass in the lagoon was assessed by investigating fish predation on its pelagic and benthic life stages and by studying the degradation of its medusae once dead on the seabed. This was performed by molecular analysis of fish gut contents and in situ experiments evaluating the decay rates of medusae and the potential role of the benthic fauna in their disappearance. The results obtained highlight a complex interaction of biotic and abiotic environmental parameters, which modulate bloom intensity by jointly influencing both the benthic and pelagic populations of A. coerulea. Temperature, salinity, food availability and predation appear to be the main drivers of the blooms of A. coerulea in Thau, with four critical periods, either boosting or lessening local bloom formation each year. Finally, the biomass produced by A. coerulea blooms has three main fates within the lagoon. The medusae can first be consumed alive by several pelagic predators like fish. Otherwise, when they die and sink to the seabed, some can be consumed by benthic scavengers like gastropods, but most are rapidly remineralised by the local microbial community. These findings shed light on the potential evolution of jellyfish blooms in the face of the ongoing anthropogenic forces on the marine environment, and on their impacts on coastal ecosystems functioning. However, they also highlight how intricate jellyfish blooms forecasting is and stress the need for similar comprehensive studies, not only for other jellyfish species but also in many other parts of the world
Trombetta, Thomas. "Initiation des efflorescences phytoplanctoniques en zone côtière : le rôle de la température et des interactions biologiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG088.
Full textIn temperate marine ecosystems, the major part of the annual primary production is generated in spring during rapid phytoplankton biomass accumulation periods, called ‘blooms’, supporting the diversity and the functioning of these ecosystems. Several physical, chemical and biological mechanisms triggering the bloom initiation were evocated for these ecosystems. However, for shallow coastal zones, under the influence of complex environmental forcing factors, mechanisms triggering blooms are not well known. The objective of the present thesis was to identify and classify the forcing factors contributing to the bloom initiation in these zones, especially the role of physical and chemical forcing factors and biological interactions in the microbial network, but also to understand the consequences of the temperature elevation on this functioning in the global warming context.In this frame, a monitoring with a dual approach was carried out in Thau lagoon: a high frequency (15 min) in situ monitoring of hydrological , meteorological and biological parameters; and a weekly monitoring of the abundance of the microbial community (virus, bacteria, phytoplankton, heterotrophic flagellates and ciliates), and its diversity, with a particular look at phytoplankton. These monitoring were carried out from winter to spring in two consecutive years, 2015 and 2016. Besides these monitoring, an in situ mesocosm experiment was carried out during the 2018 spring to simulate the temperature elevation according to the global warming scenario, in the presence and the absence of mesozooplankton. The objective of this experiment was to identify the direct effect of warming and the indirect effect of the zooplankton on the phytoplankton dynamic, the pigment composition and succession, during the pre-bloom, bloom and post-bloom periods. A correlation network analysis between 110 various groups/taxa/species highlighted the major interactions characterizing the microbial interaction network during the bloom and the non-bloom periods and the differences between these two years. During the bloom periods, intraguild phytoplankton competition and mutualism between phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria dominated the microbial food web. This suggested an energy transfer based on both bacterial and phytoplanktonic biomass, through the microzooplankton predation. During the non-bloom periods, interaction between ciliates and heterotrophic bacteria (bacterivory) dominated, suggesting an energy transfer mainly based on bacterial biomass. Besides, the high frequency monitoring highlighted the predominant role of the water temperature increase, especially during the early spring, in the initiation of the phytoplankton blooms. The combination between the phytoplankton metabolism stimulated by the temperature increase and the low grazing pressure triggered the phytoplankton biomass accumulation starting the blooms. Furthermore, 2016 year, with the warmer winter recorded in France (Meteofrance), was characterized by a weaker phytoplankton biomass accumulation during the early spring, a dominance of the small phytoplankton at the expanse of diatoms, and a dominance of interactions between small size microorganisms. The mesocosm experiment confirmed the role of the temperature elevation on the bloom amplitude reduction (diminution of 50% of the chlorophyll a concentration) and the promotion of small phytoplankton such as small green algae and dinoflagellates, at the expanse of diatoms. This amplitude and composition modification of phytoplankton blooms was mainly due to the indirect effect of the zooplankton grazing increase under warming. Furthermore, the results underlined that it was microzooplankton which mainly controlled the phytoplankton dynamic and biomass and the mesozooplankton was mainly accomplished the role of the secondary consumer in this system
David, Marine. "Influence des apports d'eaux souterraines sur le fonctionnement hydrologique et biogéochimique des lagunes méditerranéennes : cas de la lagune de l'Or." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG039.
Full textAt the interface between the continent and the sea, Mediterranean lagoons are vulnerable to excessive nutrient inputs from anthropogenic activities, causing eutrophication of the water bodies. Even management actions have been implemented on the watershed to reduce nutrient fluxes to the coastal zone, some lagoons remain in a bad ecological status according to the Water Frame Directive, highlighting the need for improving our understanding of the land-sea continuum. On the Mediterranean coast, little is known on groundwater inputs, their associated nutrient fluxes and their impact on lagoons in a bad ecological status. The aim of this PhD thesis was to improve our understanding of two main hydrological processes associated with groundwater: 1) continental groundwater inputs, as a new nutrient source to the lagoon from the adjacent aquifers and 2) pore water recirculation, driving nutrient from sediments to the water column through advective water flow, as a regenerated nutrient source. Or lagoon, whose bad ecological status has not improved over the last decade despite management actions, was chosen as a study site. Investigations the watershed revealed that important loads of nitrogen, originating from continental groundwater, was discharged to the lagoon through the streams. Experiments on lagoon sediments suggested that the muddy characteristics of Or lagoon induced low pore water recirculation fluxes. Hence, the majority of groundwater inputs to Or lagoon occurs through the streams from the continental aquifer. An annual nutrient budget enabled to conclude that given the importance of two main contributors (canalette and Rhône to Sète canal), groundwater inputs are not the major nutrient source to Or lagoon. The work carried out in this lagoon in a bad ecological status contributes to improving our understanding of nutrient fluxes on the land-sea continuum, in order to prioritize actions to be implemented to reach a good ecological status on Mediterranean lagoons
Luneau, Aymeric. "Militants et riverains dans la dynamique des causes environnementales : approche sociologique des syndromes d'hypersensiblilité chimique." Paris, EHESS, 2015. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01143362.
Full textOn the 19th of October 2010, an article of Chemical Sensitivity Network reported that a child "with MCS had said: 'I wish I had a cancer because at least my condition would be recognized. '" This quote in itself could summarize this thesis, which concerns the social conditions in which spaces of debate on chemical-related environmental problems can arise. My work relies on a study of three environmental health problems. The first problem is related to the use of perchloroethylene in laundries for dry cleaning. The question which the second problem deals with concerns the health impacts of the pollution around the etang de Berre, an industrial area near Marseilles. The third problem refers to the controversy over the reality of "Multiple Chemical Syndrome", an "environmental disease" which emerged at the beginning of the 1980s. The analysis of these three issues has made it possible to grasp the way in which a collective dynamic has formed from the investigations that the residents, the sick persons, the victims, their close relations, physicians and public authorities have undertaken to understand some singular experiences and to resolve their doubts. Through these investigations, the actors question facts, previously taken for granted; they take part in defining the problem, and they create spaces of debate about the relationship between chemicals and health. I show that conflict drives this process
Boyer, Séverine. "Ecologie du copépode calanoïde Paracartia grani : implication dans le cycle de vie du parasite Marteilia refringens dans la lagune de Thau." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20147/document.
Full textIn this study, the life cycle of Paracartia grani, a calanoid copepod belonging to the Acartiidae family was determined in Thau lagoon. Indeed, the copepod involvement in the life cycle of the parasite Marteilia refringens affecting the bivalves production is suspected. Mesozooplanktonic community was monitored twice a month over two years at a fixed station in the lagoon. Sampling has identified P. grani as the acartiid dominant species in summer. From April to January, the copepod is found in the water column while from February to early April it remains in the sediment as diapausing eggs. The analysis of the population structure (size spectrum, contribution of developmental stages and sex ratio) has revealed that there are 9 generations per year. The study of the influence of three environmental parameters (temperature, salinity and chlorophyll a concentration) on the dynamic nesting species indicated that P. grani egg production was mainly governed by temperature and its rapid increase in spring could trigger the hatching of diapause eggs.The second objective of this study aimed to describe the dynamics of the parasite M. refringens in P. grani, and in the bivalves Mytilus galloprovincialis and Ruditapes decussatus in the Thau lagoon. Histological and in situ hybridization analysis allowed describing the different forms of the parasite in these three species. Research of M. refringens by PCR in P. grani copepodites revealed that the parasite DNA presence in the copepod from June to November, when new mussels appeared infected. Experiments to measure the retention efficiency of the different stages of development of P. grani by mussels have shown that all developmental stages could be involved in M. refringens life cycle, especially copepod eggs that have also shown positive results by PCR. Our study has allowed clarifying interaction between copepods, parasites and mussels but not elucidate completely M. refringens life cycle. Questions remain especially regarding way of transmission of parasite from copepods to mussels and the potential impact of the parasite on the copepod itself
Allouche, Aurélien. "Le rôle de l’argumentation dans le développement du militantisme environnementaliste : Le cas des conflits autour de l’aménagement hydro-électrique de l’étang de Berre (2004-2007)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3077.
Full textThis work questions how far and by what processes the constraint made to the social actors who are opposing an industrial or urban development project to argue their refusal can incidentally contribute to the dissemination of the values, beliefs and principals of the environmentalist activism. Following a simmelian analysis perspective, this work makes converge the interactionist and cognitive dimensions of the planning conflicts. By this way we aim to understand how the properties of arguments and group commitments may gradually lead actors initially engaged to oppose a development project due to personal reasons to assume and promote environmentalist contents defended for themselves and beyond the initial development conflict. We propose an analytical model of the role of argumentation in the development of environmentalist activism when individuals decide to constitute a group in order to oppose a development project by means of a common argumentation. This model is made from the simmelian aspects of the works of Bernard Groethuysen and Mikhail Bakhtin.The field study of this work is consituted by the conflicts arising from the construction of a hydroelectric power station at Saint-Chamas (Bouches-du-Rhône) which converted the Berre lagoon into the point fall of one of the leading french hydroelectric chains. During these conflicts, the progression of argumentation and the interactions involved in the argument process allow the expansion of the mobilization to various environmental issues and the defense of new ecosystems