To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: V-CMT.
Journal articles on the topic 'V-CMT'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'V-CMT.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Mauch, P., T. Goffman, D. S. Rosenthal, G. P. Canellos, S. E. Come, and S. Hellman. "Stage III Hodgkin's disease: improved survival with combined modality therapy as compared with radiation therapy alone." Journal of Clinical Oncology 3, no. 9 (September 1985): 1166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1985.3.9.1166.
Full textAbstract:
This is a retrospective analysis of 120 patients with pathologically stage IIIA and IIIB Hodgkin's disease treated from April 1969 to December 1982. The median follow-up was 108 months. Treatment consisted of radiation therapy (RT) alone in 54 patients and combined radiation therapy and MOPP (nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) chemotherapy (CMT) in 66 patients. Stage III patients treated with CMT have an improved actuarial 12-year survival as compared with patients treated with RT alone with MOPP reserved for relapse (80% v 64%; P = .026). The 12-year actuarial freedom from first relapse by treatment for stage III patients is 83% and 40%, respectively (P less than .0001). Improved survivals following combined modality therapy are seen for the following subgroups of stage III patients: stage III2, 66% (CMT) v 44% (total nodal irradiation; TNI), P = .04; stage III1, 97% (CMT) v 73% (TNI), P = .05; stage III mixed cellularity or lymphocyte depletion histology, 94% (CMT) v 65% (TNI), P = .007; and stage III extensive splenic involvement, 77% (CMT) v 58% (TNI), P = .02. These survival differences are not seen in patients with nodular sclerosis or lymphocyte predominance histology or in patients with minimal splenic involvement. These data indicate that the initial use of CMT in stage III Hodgkin's disease results in an improved survival as compared with initial treatment with RT with MOPP reserved for relapse. Patients with limited Stage IIIA disease may still be candidates for radiation therapy alone.
2
Koontz, Bridget F., John P. Kirkpatrick, Robert W. Clough, Robert G. Prosnitz, Jon P. Gockerman, Joseph O. Moore, and Leonard R. Prosnitz. "Combined-Modality Therapy Versus Radiotherapy Alone for Treatment of Early-Stage Hodgkin's Disease: Cure Balanced Against Complications." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 4 (February 1, 2006): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.02.9850.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The treatment of early-stage Hodgkin's disease (HD) has evolved from radiotherapy alone (RT) to combined-modality therapy (CMT) because of concerns about late adverse effects from high-dose subtotal nodal irradiation (STNI). However, there is little information regarding the long-term results of CMT programs that substantially reduce the dose and extent of radiation. In addition, lowering the total radiation dose may reduce the complication rate without compromising cure. This retrospective study compares the long-term results of STNI with CMT using modestly reduced RT dose in the treatment of early-stage HD. Patients and Methods Between 1982 and 2002, 111 patients with stage IA and IIA HD were treated definitively with RT (mean dose, 37.9 Gy); 70 patients were treated with CMT with low-dose involved-field radiotherapy (LDIFRT; mean dose, 25.5 Gy). Median follow-up was 11.7 years for RT patients and 8.1 years for the CMT group. Results There was a trend toward improved 20-year overall survival with CMT (83% v 70%; P = .405). No second cancers were observed in the CMT group; in the RT group the actuarial frequency of a second cancer was 16% at 20 years. There was no difference in the frequency of cardiac complications (9% v 6%, RT v CMT). Conclusion In this retrospective review, CMT with LDIFRT was effective in curing early-stage HD and was not associated with an increase in second malignancies. For RT alone, a moderate dose seemed to reduce cardiac complications but did not lessen second malignancies compared with higher doses used historically.
3
Al-Kofide, Amani, Asim F. Belgaumi, Yasser Khafaga, Nicey Joseph, Rubina J. Malik, Waleed Mourad, Gamal-Eldin H. Mohamed, and Rajeh S. Sabbah. "Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients Treated with ABVD Chemotherapy with or without Low-Dose Radiation Therapy." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 4672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.4672.4672.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The ABVD protocol is probably the most effective chemotherapy (CTX) regimen for the treatment of Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL), however the dose and volume, and indeed the need for radiation therapy (XRT) in combination remains uncertain. Pediatric patients (0–14 years) at our institution have been treated with ABVD either with or without XRT, based on the treating physician’s decision. Patients receiving XRT were usually given one or two cycles less of CTX than those without. Since 1998 we have used 1500cGy as the dose of XRT, however the field was determined by the radiation oncologist. Between 1990 and 2003, 152 patients were treated according to the ABVD protocol. Of these, 64 were treated with CTX alone, while 88 also received radiation as consolidation therapy (Combined modality therapy; CMT). Of those who received XRT 63 were administered a dose of 1500cGy. The remaining 25 received various higher doses (1655cGy: 1, 2400cGy: 9, 2500cGy: 10, 3500cGy: 3, 3680cGy: 1, 3980cGy:1). Patients who were treated with CMT were older (mean age 9.2 v. 7.4 years; p<0.05), had less B-symptoms (10.2% v. 26.6%; p<0.05), but not more bulky disease (43.2% v. 34.4%; p=0.2). CTX group had more patients with stage III and IV disease, while CMT group had more stage II disease (p<0.05). With a median follow-up of 4 years, the actuarial overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) at 5 years for all the patients is 97.3% and 88.0%, respectively. The OS and EFS for the patients treated with CTX and CMT were 95.3% v. 98.8% (p=0.4) and 85.1% v. 90.2% (p=0.3), respectively. We next looked at the patients who received only 1500cGy of radiation therapy. Of the 63 patients, 29 received extended field radiation (EFXRT) and 34 involved field radiation (IFXRT). Patients who received radiation were administered a median of two cycles of ABVD less than those who did not (median 4 v. 6 cycles; mean 4.3 v. 5.1, p<0.05). OS at 5 years for the patients treated by CTX v. CMT/EFXRT v. CMT/IFXRT is 95.3%, 96.6% and 100%, respectively (p=0.3). The EFS for the same groups is 85.1%, 86.2% and 90.1% (p=0.4). Conclusion: Pediatric patients with HL can be treated successfully with minimal or no XRT. These results need to be confirmed in a prospective clinical trial.
4
Marcus, K. C., L. A. Kalish, C. N. Coleman, L. N. Shulman, D. S. Rosenthal, G. P. Canellos, and P. M. Mauch. "Improved survival in patients with limited stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease treated with combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 12, no. 12 (December 1994): 2567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1994.12.12.2567.
Full textAbstract:
PURPOSE Patients with laparotomy-staged (PS) III 1A Hodgkin's disease confined to the upper abdomen are believed to have a favorable prognosis and require less aggressive treatment than patients with more-extensive stage III disease. We evaluated prognostic factors and outcome in 93 patients with PS III 1A Hodgkin's disease treated either with radiation therapy (RT) alone or combined RT and chemotherapy (combined modality treatment [CMT]) to determine the extent of treatment needed in this subgroup of stage IIIA patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the freedom from relapse (FFR) rate, sites of recurrence, and survival rate of PS III 1A patients selected to receive extended-field irradiation (MPA, n = 27), total-nodal irradiation (TNI, n = 34), and CMT (n = 32) between 1969 and 1987. CMT consisted of six cycles of mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) chemotherapy and MPA. Patients treated with MPA were part of a prospective trial designed to reduce treatment to patients with minimal stage III disease with very favorable characteristics. RESULTS Histologic subclass and treatment were the only prognostic factors for FFR and survival rates. Patients with nodular sclerosis or lymphocyte predominance histology had significantly higher FFR and survival rates compared to patients with mixed-cellularity (MC) histology. The 10-year actuarial FFR of PSIII 1A patients treated with MPA was only 39%, versus 55% for TNI (P = .02) and 94% for CMT (v MPA, P < .0001; v TNI, P = .006). The patterns of recurrence in patients who received MPA and TNI were significantly different, with MPA patients relapsing more often in untreated pelvic or inguinal nodes, and TNI patients relapsing more often in extranodal sites with or without nodal sites. The 10-year actuarial overall survival rate for patients treated with CMT was 89% versus 78% for MPA (v CMT, P = .09) and 70% for TNI (v CMT, P = .05). CONCLUSION Patients with PSIII 1A Hodgkin's disease treated with RT have a significantly higher risk of relapse and potentially a poorer survival compared with patients treated with CMT. These findings suggest that CMT should play a greater role in the treatment of this favorable substage of patients. Management with modified chemotherapy and RT in an attempt to reduce long-term treatment-induced complications may be a preferred approach for future trials.
5
Chiu, Yi-Han, Han-Jung Lei, Kuo-Chin Huang, Yi-Lin Chiang, and Chen-Si Lin. "Overexpression of Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Correlates with Cancer Malignancy and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors." Journal of Oncology 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6201764.
Full textAbstract:
Tumor biomarkers are developed to indicate tumor status, clinical outcome, or prognosis. Since currently there are no effective biomarkers for canine mammary tumor (CMT), this study intended to verify whether kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), one of the key enzymes involved in tryptophan catabolism, is competent for predicting prognosis in patients with CMT. By investigating a series of 86 CMT clinical cases, we found that both gene and protein expression of KMO discriminated malignant from benign CMTs and was significantly higher in stage IV and V tumors than in lower-stage CMTs. About 73.7% of malignant CMTs showed strong expression of KMO which correlated with lower overall survival rates in patients. Further, downregulation of KMO activity significantly inhibited cell proliferation of CMT cells. Taken together, the findings indicated that KMO is a potential biomarker for tumor diagnosis, and this might open up new perspectives for clinical applications of CMT.
6
Pingwara, Rafał, Daria Kosmala, Natalia Woźniak, Arkadiusz Orzechowski, and Joanna Mucha. "IFN-λ Modulates the Migratory Capacity of Canine Mammary Tumor Cells via Regulation of the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors." Cells 10, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10050999.
Full textAbstract:
Interactions between neoplastic and immune cells taking place in tumors drive cancer regulatory mechanisms both in humans and animals. IFN-λ, a potent antiviral factor, is also secreted in the tumor; however, its role in tumor development is still unclear. In our study, we investigate the influence of IFN-λ on the canine mammary tumor (CMT) cell survival and their metastatic potential in vitro. First, we examined, by Western blot, the expression of the IFN-λ receptor complex in three CMT cell lines (P114, CMT-U27 and CMT-U309). We showed that only two cell lines (P114 and CMT-U27) express both (IL-28RA and IL-10Rb) receptor subunits and respond to IFN-λ treatment by STAT phosphorylation and the expression of interferon-stimulated genes. Using MTT, crystal violet and annexin-V assays, we showed a minimal role of IFN-λ in CMT viability. However, IFN-λ administration had a contradictory effect on cell migration in the scratch test, namely, it increased P114 and decreased CMT-U27 motility. Moreover, we demonstrated that this process is related to the expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors; furthermore, it is independent of Akt and ERK signaling pathways. To conclude, we showed that IFN-λ activity is reliant on the expression of two receptor subunits and tumor type, but further investigations are needed.
7
Roach, M., D. R. Gandara, H. S. Yuo, P. S. Swift, S. Kroll, D. C. Shrieve, W. M. Wara, L. Margolis, and T. L. Phillips. "Radiation pneumonitis following combined modality therapy for lung cancer: analysis of prognostic factors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 13, no. 10 (October 1995): 2606–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1995.13.10.2606.
Full textAbstract:
PURPOSE To identify factors associated with radiation pneumonitis (RP) resulting from combined modality therapy (CMT) for lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Series published before 1994 that used CMT for the treatment of lung cancer and explicitly reported the incidence of RP are the basis for this analysis. Factors evaluated included the radiation dose per fraction (Fx), total radiation dose, fractionation scheme (split v continuous), type of chemotherapy and intended dose-intensity, overall treatment time, histology (small-cell lung cancer [SCLC] v non-small-cell lung cancer [NSCLC]), and treatment schedule (concurrent v induction, sequential, or alternating CMT). RESULTS Twenty-four series, including 27 treatment groups and 1,911 assessable patients, met our criteria for inclusion in this analysis. The median total dose of radiation used in the trials analyzed was 50 Gy (range, 25 to 63 Gy). The median daily Fx used was 2.0 Gy (range, 1.5 to 4.0 Gy). Nineteen series included 22 treatment groups and 1,745 patients treated with single daily fractions. Among these patients, 136 received a daily Fx greater than 2.67 Gy. Five series used twice-daily radiotherapy and included 166 patients (Fx, 1.5 to 1.7 Gy). The incidence of RP was 7.8%. In a multivariate analysis, only daily Fx, number of daily fractions, and total dose were associated with the risk of RP (P < .0001, P < .018, and P < .003, respectively). CONCLUSION In this analysis, the use of Fx greater than 2.67 Gy was the most significant factor associated with an increased risk of RP. High total dose also appears to be associated with an increased risk, but twice-daily irradiation seems to reduce the risk expected if the same total daily dose is given as a single fraction. High-Fx radiotherapy should be avoided in patients who receive CMT with curative intent.
8
Gahramanov, Hafiz, Gabil Zulfiyev, Jahid Shahbazov, and Elgun Aghayev. "Optical Coherence Tomography-guided intravitreal bevacizumab in the treatment of refractory pseudophakic cystoid macular edema – case study." InterConf, no. 32(151) (April 20, 2023): 442–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.04.2023.046.
Full textAbstract:
One of the serious vision threatened complications of cataract surgery is refractory PCME. That is why this complication has to be managed in time and adequately. Non steroidal and steroidal antiinflammatory and anti VEGF agents like bevazicumab are useful for refractory PCME. OCT has an important role in detecting PCME and measurement of central macular thickness to control the treatment of PCME. In this case study patient after rutin uncomplicated FACO surgery with refractory PCME at postop 4-th week is described. Despite of using of topical NSAID+steroidal antiinflammatory treatment there was no improvement in decreased vision and CMT was remained stable increased (811 mmk). Vision was increased only after 2 week of i/v bevazicumab injection, macular edema resolved and CMT decreased (280 mmk) which was revealed by OCT. In conclusion, OCT quided i/v bevacizumab is safe and well tolerated treatment option for refractory PCME.
9
Brandi, Andressa, Patricia de Faria Lainetti, Fabiana Elias, Marcela Marcondes Pinto Rodrigues, Livia Fagundes Moraes, Renée Laufer-Amorim, Laíza Sartori de Camargo, Cristina de Oliveira Massoco Salles Gomes, and Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves. "Firocoxib as a Potential Neoadjuvant Treatment in Canine Patients with Triple-Negative Mammary Gland Tumors." Animals 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13010060.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to investigate the pro-apoptotic effects of NSAID (Previcox®) in vitro and in vivo. Two CMT cell lines, one from the primary tumor and one from bone metastasis, were treated with firocoxib and MTT assay was performed to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value. The firocoxib IC50 for the cell lines UNESP-CM5 and UNESP-MM1 were 25.21 µM and 27.41 µM, respectively. The cell lines were then treated with the respective firocoxib IC50 concentrations and annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assay was performed, to detect the induction of apoptosis in both cells (Annexin+/PI+). We conducted an in vivo study involving female dogs affected by CMT and divided them into control and treatment groups. For both groups, a biopsy was performed on day 0 (D0) and a mastectomy was performed on day 14 (D14). In the treatment group, after biopsy on D0, the patients received Previcox® 5 mg/kg PO once a day until mastectomy was performed on D14. COX-2/caspase-3 double immunostaining was performed on samples from D0 and D14, revealing no difference in the control group. In contrast, in the treatment group Previcox® increased the number of COX-2 positive apoptotic cells. Therefore, firocoxib can induce apoptosis in CMT cells in vitro and in vivo, and Previcox® can be a potential neoadjuvant treatment for patients with mammary cancer.
10
Naik, Bishal, and Mahendrakumar Madhavan. "Structural behaviour of Cold‐Formed Steel back‐to‐back welded sections subjected to longitudinal shear." ce/papers 6, no. 3-4 (September 2023): 2014–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2761.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe current study focuses on understanding the behaviour of flare v‐groove welds on back‐to‐back connected Cold‐Formed Steel welded sections (G300) subjected to longitudinal shear. A novel welding technique called Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) welding was used for fabrication with copper‐coated steel welding wire as a filler metal (ER70S‐6). This mode of welding has the advantage of controlled material deposition compared to the spray or globular mode of welding. Lap shear tests were carried out on unlipped channels including thickness of the weld, and length of the weld. The weld geometry was observed under an optical microscope after polishing and chemical etching of the weld cross‐section, as American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) design standard provides no specification on thickness of flare v‐groove welds for CMT welding process. In general, the lap shear specimens failed in plate tearing failure mode and brittle fracture of weld at the weld contours. Additionally, the appropriateness of AISI's shear design strength equations for flare v‐groove welds was verified and preliminary design guidelines are provided addressing the lacunae in AISI design standard.
11
R, Raviram, Sachithananthan J, Mohandass M, and Gurusamy V. "Influence of input parameters to determine the shape of weld bead in cladding on 316L stainless steel using the Taguchi method." Materials Open Research 2 (August 30, 2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/materialsopenres.17569.1.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) process, with its low heat input, is selected for cladding carbon steel in demanding industries such as mining, oil, gas, offshore, steel, and metal. Limited research exists on the utilization of Taguchi's technique in welding and cladding processes. The main objective of the present research is to employ the Taguchi approach for determining the impact of CMT parameters on the cladding geometry of 316L stainless steel. Methods: The influence of process parameters on the weld bead was examined using both Signal-to-Noise (S/N) ratio and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) by implementing an orthogonal array. A structural steel substrate was coated with nickel-based metal inert gas (MIG) welding wire using the CMT process while being shielded by a 99.9 percent pure argon gas. To attain the desired quality of weld bead, the CMT input parameters and geometry of the bead are separately and collectively optimized. Results: When the welding current (Iw) is set at 130A, welding speed (V) at 200 mm/min, and the distance between the nozzle and plate (X) at 5 mm, the Taguchi method indicates that the desired outcome is obtained with the following parameters: a penetration (P) of 1.115 mm, a reinforcement (R) of 1.51 mm, a bead width (W) of 4.265 mm, and a percentage of dilution (D) of 21.145%. Conclusions: The research findings indicate, under certain limitations, the techniques of the Taguchi method be utilized to efficiently manage the CMT cladding process parameters.
12
Karim, Md Robiul, Rongjun Wang, Haiju Dong, Longxian Zhang, Jian Li, Sumei Zhang, Farzana Islam Rume, et al. "Genetic Polymorphism and Zoonotic Potential ofEnterocytozoon bieneusifrom Nonhuman Primates in China." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 6 (January 10, 2014): 1893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03845-13.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTEnterocytozoon bieneusiis an important zoonotic pathogen. To assess the human-infective potential ofE. bieneusiin nonhuman primates (NHPs), we examined the prevalence and genotype distribution ofE. bieneusiin 23 NHP species by PCR and sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS). A total of 1,386 fecal specimens from NHPs from five provinces in China were examined, andE. bieneusiwas detected in 158 (11.4%) specimens from five NHP species, including cynomolgus monkey (67.7%), rhesus macaque (8.8%), Japanese macaque (33.3%), white-headed langur (13.6%), and golden snub-nosed monkey (3.5%) (P< 0.0001). The infection rates were 70.2%, 21.5%, 8.5%, 7.5%, and 5.6% in Guangdong, Yunnan, Guangxi, Henan, and Sichuan Provinces, respectively (P< 0.0001). The prevalence was significantly higher in captive (13.7%) than in free-range (5.0%) animals (P< 0.0001). Altogether, 16 ITS genotypes were observed, including nine known genotypes (IV, D, Henan V, Peru8, PigEBITS7, EbpC, Peru11, BEB6, and I) and seven new genotypes (CM1 to CM7). The common genotypes included CM1, IV, and D, which were detected in 43, 31, and 30 specimens, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that seven known genotypes (but not BEB6 and I) and four new genotypes (CM1, CM2, CM3, and CM6) belonged to the previously described group 1 with zoonotic potential. Genotypes CM5 and CM7 clustered with group 2, whereas genotype CM4 did not belong to any of the previously proposed groups. It was concluded that humans and NHPs residing in the same geographical location shared the sameE. bieneusigenotypes, indicating a potential role of these animals in the zoonotic transmission ofE. bieneusi.
13
Belgaumi, Asim F., Amani A. Al-Kofide, Nicey Joseph, Yasser Khafaga, Rubina J. Malik, Walid Mourad, Gamal-Eldin H. Mohamed, and Rajih S. Sabbah. "Hodgkin Lymphoma in Very Young Children Can Be Treated Successfully without Radiation Therapy." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 2472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.2472.2472.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) is rarely seen in <5-year olds in developed nations. Even in developing countries, where a tendency towards younger age of presentation has been shown, this represents a minority of cases. Little is known about the biology and behavior of these very young patients with HL as compared to older children. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed HL cases diagnosed and treated at our institution between 1975 and 2003. HL was diagnosed histopathologically and staged clinically. The pediatric age group ranged from 0–14 years. Treatment strategy for these very young children was focused on the elimination of radiation therapy (XRT). Results: 69/368 (18.75%) patients were less than 5 years at diagnosis. When compared to older patients, there was a trend towards male predominance (M:F 4.31 v. 2.65; p=0.2), but no difference in the incidence of B-symptoms (26.1% v. 32.9%; p=1.0) and stage distribution (p=1.0). There was less mediastinal involvement (p=0.025) or bulky disease (p=0.01) in the younger patients. These patients had more mixed cellularity and less nodular sclerosis subtype (p=0.025). Fifty-five were treated with chemotherapy (CTX) alone, 12 with combined modality therapy (CMT) and 2 with XRT only. 35/55 CTX patients were treated with ABVD (20 per standard schedule, 13 modified and 2 unknown), 12 MOPP and 8 with hybrid or combination CTX (4 MOPP/ABVD, 3 COPP/ABVD and 1 unspecified). All CMT patients received ABVD (9 standard and 3 modified) and XRT (1500cGy/IF for 5, 1500cGy/EF for 4 and 2400cGy/EF, 2720cGy/IF and 3060cGy/IF for one each). The two XRT alone patients had stage I cervical disease and received 3900cGy and 3250cGy IFXRT. At ten years the EFS and OS for these patients under 5-years of age was 81.5% and 90.4%, respectively, compared to 75.5% and 90.5% for the children between 5 and 14 years of age (p>0.5 for both comparisons). OS (86.4% v. 100%; p=0.3, Log Rank test) and EFS (81.0% v. 90.9%; p=0.4, Log Rank test) for CTX v. CMT groups were not statistically significantly different. The CTX group had more B-symptoms (29.1% v. 16.1%) and higher stage disease (stage III/IV 47.3% v. 25%; stage IV 12.73% v. 0%). Conclusions: HL patients <5years old do not present with higher risk disease than older children. They can successfully be treated without XRT using CTX alone. XRT can be reserved for treating the few who relapse. This may result in reduction in XRT related toxicity, which can be significant in these very young children.
14
Berry, J. Michael, Naomi Jay, Alexandra Hernandez, Teresa M. Darragh, and Joel M. Palefsky. "3. Outcome of excision of early invasive squamous carcinomas of the anal canal and perianus." Sexual Health 10, no. 6 (2013): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/shv10n6ab3.
Full textAbstract:
Background Combined modality therapy (CMT) is the standard of care for anal canal (AC) squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA); excision is reserved for small perianal (PA) cancers. Increasingly, asymptomatic, superficially invasive SCCAs (SISCCA) are identified during high-resolution anoscopy (HRA). For AC- and PA-SISCCA, the Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology Project’s proposed definition is an excised tumour with clear margins, depth of invasion <3 mm, and horizontal extent <7 mm. We report our experience with surgical excision alone of early invasive SCCA (EISCCA), defined as AC- or PA-SISCCA and >SISCCA, but with clear margins. Methods: EISCCA were excised sparing the anal sphincter and anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) were ablated. Those with margins positive for SCCA were referred for CMT. HRA was performed every 4 months; recurrent HSIL/EISCCA was ablated or excised. Patients were referred for CMT if cancer could not be excised without compromising the sphincter. Results: EISCCA was excised in 81 patients: 68 men and 13 women, 57 HIV-infected and 24 HIV-uninfected. Median age was 52 years (range: 33–79). Patients were followed for a median of 43 months (range: 2–230) following excision. Excision of EISCCA was successful in 73 (90%) patients. Eight (10%) required CMT (4 developed inguinal node recurrences, including 2 with systemic metastases). There was no statistically significant difference in outcome by location (AC v. PA EISCCA), HIV status or sex (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Excision of EISCCA, including AC tumours, produces an excellent outcome, sparing most patients CMT, including those with HIV infection.
15
Adam, Muhammad. "Improving Students’ Metaphor Interpretation: A Conceptual Metaphor Approach to Interpret Metaphors in the Song Titanium (2011)." Ethical Lingua: Journal of Language Teaching and Literature 4, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30605/ethicallingua.v4i1.343.
Full textAbstract:
This research is conducted to measure how participants’ understanding to a source domain of metaphor will help them to better interpret metaphor in “Titanium” song by using the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). The CMT approach is introduced by explicitly explain the characteristic of source domain of metaphor to participants. The participants of this research are 10 students of semester V of Faculty of Letters – University of Balikpapan, all native Indonesian speakers. This research is qualitative research, and uses the participants’ written answer as data source. Based on the data analysis, it is concluded that by understanding the source domain of metaphor, participants have a better and improved understanding in interpreting metaphor. In other words, the participants’ comprehension to the intended message of metaphor is improved.
16
Sulistiana, Oktavera, and Subehana Rachman. "Analisis Kompetensi Awak Kapal Penyeberangan di Kawasan Timur Indonesia." Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 8, no. 7 (July 4, 2023): 4832–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v8i7.12885.
Full textAbstract:
Shipping safety has always been an interesting topic and a focus for all stack holders in the Indonesian sea, river, lake and crossing transportation community. One of the factors that play an important role in supporting shipping safety is the competence of the crew. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the level of competence of crossing crews in Eastern Indonesia in terms of the fulfillment of CMT and CMHBT Certificates as required by STCW Chapter V Regulation V / 2. This research is a type of Normative Research carried out for approximately 8 months on ships operating on the Sheet-Padangbai, Gilimanuk-Ketapang and Bajoe-Kolaka trajectories with a Judgement Sampling system. The data used is in the form of qualitative data based on the results of a survey of the completeness of CMT and CMHBT certificates from the Crossing Ship Crew. The results of this study found that the competence of Crossing Crew in Eastern Indonesia in terms of compliance with CMT and CMHBT Certificates used as research variables was above 80% of the number of crew surveyed. However, the study also found that there was a misperception regarding the obligation to fulfill the CMT certificate required for all crossing crew and the CMHBT certificate which should only be required for the Skipper, Head of the Engine Room, Mualim I, Driver II and other personnel who fit the Muster List on board passenger ships and Roro-passengers are responsible for passenger safety in emergency situations, which in this case is the officer of the ship. In fact, in the field, CMHBT certificates have also been fulfilled by crew members who are not officers. This does not meet the efficiency aspect in the application or shipping safety.
17
Fuchs, Michael, Helen Goergen, Carsten Kobe, Georg Kuhnert, Andreas Lohri, Richard Greil, Stephanie Sasse, et al. "Positron Emission Tomography–Guided Treatment in Early-Stage Favorable Hodgkin Lymphoma: Final Results of the International, Randomized Phase III HD16 Trial by the German Hodgkin Study Group." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 31 (November 1, 2019): 2835–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.19.00964.
Full textAbstract:
PURPOSE Combined-modality treatment (CMT) with 2× ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) and small-field radiotherapy is standard of care for patients with early-stage favorable Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). However, the role of radiotherapy has been challenged. Positron emission tomography (PET) after 2× ABVD (PET-2) might help to predict individual outcomes and guide treatment. METHODS Between November 2009 and December 2015, we recruited patients age 18 to 75 years with newly diagnosed, early-stage favorable HL for this international randomized phase III trial. Patients were assigned to standard CMT of 2× ABVD and 20-Gy involved-field radiotherapy or PET-guided treatment, omitting involved-field radiotherapy after negative PET-2 (Deauville score < 3). Primary objectives were to exclude inferiority of 10% or more in 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) of ABVD alone compared with CMT in a per-protocol analysis among PET-2–negative patients (noninferiority margin for hazard ratio, 3.01) and to confirm PET-2 positivity (Deauville score ≥ 3) as a risk factor for PFS among CMT-treated patients. RESULTS We enrolled 1,150 patients. Median follow-up was 45 months. Among 628 PET-2–negative, per-protocol–treated patients, 5-year PFS was 93.4% (95% CI, 90.4% to 96.5%) with CMT and 86.1% (95% CI, 81.4% to 90.9%) with ABVD (difference 7.3% [95% CI, 1.6% to 13.0%]; hazard ratio, 1.78 [95% CI, 1.02 to 3.12]). Five-year overall survival was 98.1% (95% CI, 96.5% to 99.8%) with CMT and 98.4% (95% CI, 96.5% to 100.0%) with ABVD. Among 693 patients who were assigned to CMT, 5-year PFS was 93.2% (95% CI, 90.2% to 96.2%) among PET-2–negative patients and 88.4% (95% CI, 84.2% to 92.6%) in PET-2–positive patients ( P = .047). When using the more common liver cutoff (Deauville score, 4) for PET-2 positivity, the difference was more pronounced (5-year PFS, 93.1% [95% CI, 90.7% to 95.5%] v 80.9% [95% CI, 72.2% to 89.7%]; P = .0011). CONCLUSION In early-stage favorable HL, a positive PET after two cycles ABVD indicates a high risk for treatment failure, particularly when a Deauville score of 4 is used as a cutoff for positivity. In PET-2–negative patients, radiotherapy cannot be omitted from CMT without clinically relevant loss of tumor control.
18
Pfeffer, Glenn B., Tyler Gonzalez, James Brodsky, John Campbell, Chris Coetzee, Stephen Conti, Greg Guyton, et al. "A Consensus Statement on the Surgical Treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease." Foot & Ankle International 41, no. 7 (June 1, 2020): 870–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100720922220.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a hereditary motor-sensory neuropathy that is often associated with a cavovarus foot deformity. Limited evidence exists for the orthopedic management of these patients. Our goal was to develop consensus guidelines based upon the clinical experiences and practices of an expert group of foot and ankle surgeons. Methods: Thirteen experienced, board-certified orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons and a neurologist specializing in CMT disease convened at a 1-day meeting. The group discussed clinical and surgical considerations based upon existing literature and individual experience. After extensive debate, conclusion statements were deemed “consensus” if 85% of the group were in agreement and “unanimous” if 100% were in support. Conclusions: The group defined consensus terminology, agreed upon standardized templates for history and physical examination, and recommended a comprehensive approach to surgery. Early in the course of the disease, an orthopedic foot and ankle surgeon should be part of the care team. This consensus statement by a team of experienced orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons provides a comprehensive approach to the management of CMT cavovarus deformity. Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.
19
Choi, Jawun, Min-Jae Yoo, Sang-Youel Park, and Jae-Won Seol. "Antitumor Effects of Esculetin, a Natural Coumarin Derivative, against Canine Mammary Gland Tumor Cells by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis." Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2023): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020084.
Full textAbstract:
Mammary gland tumors are the most common neoplasms in female dogs, of which 50% are malignant. Esculetin, a coumarin derivative, reportedly induces death in different types of cancer cells. In this study, we explore the anticancer effects of esculetin against CMT-U27 and CF41.mg canine mammary gland tumor cells. Esculetin significantly inhibited the viability and migration of both CMT-U27 and CF41.mg cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay revealed increased numbers of annexin-V-positive cells and DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, a cell cycle analysis demonstrated that esculetin blocked the cell progression at the G0/G1 phase and the S phase in CMT-U27 and CF41.mg cells. These results were supported by a Western blot analysis, which revealed upregulated protein expression of cleaved caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, and downregulated cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and cyclin D1 protein, the cell cycle regulators. In conclusion, this novel study proves that esculetin exerts in vitro antitumor effects by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in canine mammary gland tumors.
20
Advani, Ranjana, Fangxin Hong, Richard I. Fisher, Nancy L. Bartlett, Sue Robinson, Randy D. Gascoyne, Henry Wagner, et al. "Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing ABVD + Radiotherapy and the Stanford V Regimen In Patients with Stage I/II Bulky Mediastinal Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Subset Analysis of the US Intergroup Trial E2496." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.416.416.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Abstract 416 Background: Standard therapy for locally extensive Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) defined as stage I/II with bulky mediastinal disease [mediastinal mass ratio (MMR) > than 1/3 of the chest diameter on standing postero-anterior chest x-ray or 10 cm on computerized tomography] is combined modality therapy (CMT). E2496 was a North American intergroup, randomized phase III study comparing ABVD versus the Stanford V regimen for patients with locally extensive and advanced stage HL. In this subgroup analysis we compare two CMT approaches, ABVD + radiotherapy (RT) and the Stanford V regimen, in patients with stage I/II bulky mediastinal HL. Methods: Patients with stage I/II HL bulky mediastinal disease were randomized to receive chemotherapy (CT) on either Arm A (ABVD × 6–8 cycles administered q 28 days) or Arm B (12 weeks of Stanford V, administered weekly). Two-3 weeks after completion of chemotherapy, modified involved field RT was delivered at 36 Gy to the mediastinum to patients on ABVD as well as Stanford V. Patients on Stanford V also received involved field RT to any other sites >5 cm at diagnosis. The primary endpoint was failure free survival (FFS) defined as the time to either progression/relapse or death. The log-rank test was used to compare FFS and OS (overall survival) for all eligible patients. Results: Of the 812 eligible patients with advanced HL enrolled on the study 267 had locally advanced bulky mediastinal disease: 136 on ABVD and 131 on Stanford V. Patient characteristics between the two randomized groups were well matched with a median age of 30 years and 86% had stage II disease. On ABVD 61% of patients received 6 cycles, 29% 8 cycles of CT and 77% required some dose modification. In Stanford V 97% completed the assigned 12 weeks of CT and 76% required some dose modification. 82% received RT per protocol in ABVD versus 88% in Stanford V. The overall response (CR+PR) was 82% in ABVD and 86% in Stanford V. At a median follow-up of 5.47 years, there are 19 failures and 6 deaths in the ABVD group and 25 failures with 9 deaths in the Stanford V group. We failed to detect statistically significant differences between ABVD +RT and Stanford V for FFS (5y 85% versus 77% p=0.13, HR=1.56 95% CI (0.87, 2.88) and OS (5y 95% versus 92% p=0.31, HR=1.69 95% CI (0.60, 4.75). No difference in hematologic toxicity was observed between the two arms. Evaluation of pulmonary function and patterns of failure are pending. Conclusions: For stage I/II patients with bulky mediastinal disease, CMT with either ABVD +RT or the Stanford V regimen results in high cure rates and is highly effective. ABVD for 6–8 cycles plus 36 Gy RT remains the US standard of care. Longer follow up is required to assess RT related late effects. Future research efforts should focus on risk stratification to identify; a) the 15–20% of patients destined to relapse after standard therapy and evaluate treatment intensification strategies and b) the 80–85% of patients who are cured with standard therapy and determine whether a subset can achieve the same excellent outcomes with a reduction or elimination of radiation. Planned US cooperative group trials will address these questions, using ABVD as the chemotherapy backbone in conjunction with interim PET imaging for risk stratification. Disclosures: Blum: Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding. Horning:Genentech: Employment.
21
Sensekerci, Erkan. "Metaphor-Themed Studies in Social Studies Education in Turkey and Their Evaluations in Terms of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT)." World Journal of Education 12, no. 6 (December 12, 2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wje.v12n6p24.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the present study is to examine postgraduate theses and published articles on "analysis of metaphorically used words in discourse" in the field of social studies education in Turkey by document analysis method. Within the scope of the research, The National Thesis Center and Dergipark databases were surveyed. The survey revealed 22 completed theses and 39 published articles between the years of 2010 and 2022. First, the studies were analysed in terms of the study/publication year of the works, the universities where they were conducted, their sample/study groups, the methodological framework they were based on, their data collection tool, the expertise of the researchers and thesis advisors, and the metaphors that were the subject of the research. The works were subsequently evaluated in terms of CMT (Conceptual Metaphor Theory) and were subjected to five research questions. This evaluation revealed that the studies examined: (i) do not establish a relationship between their research findings and the theoretical framework of CMT although they view metaphors as products of conceptual thinking; (ii) do not benefit adequately from the essential references or seminal works of CMT; (iii) do not align themselves with a particular theory of metaphor or an approach, and, therefore, lack criteria for how they associate metaphor with thought; (iv) do not make explicit the criteria according to which they classified the statement of participants as metaphorical; and (v) try to reach the data suited to their research purpose with a data collection tool coded as "A is X like or as B", which is a coding scheme that is conventionally identified as a simile rather than a conceptual metaphor among CMT adherents.
22
Ustun Alkan, F., C. Anlas, S. Cinar, F. Yildirim, O. Ustuner, T. Bakirel, and A. Gurel. "Effects of curcumin in combination with cyclophosphamide on canine mammary tumour cell lines ." Veterinární Medicína 59, No. 11 (December 9, 2014): 553–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7820-vetmed.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, significant emphasis has been placed on combination chemotherapy in cancer using cytotoxic agents and plant derived-bioactive substances that are capable of selectively arresting cell growth and inducing apoptosis in tumour cells. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possibility that the combination of curcumin and cyclophosphamide could show synergistic anti-proliferative effects towards CMT-U27 and CMT-U309 canine mammary cancer cells and, if so, to clarify the mechanism involved. The anti-proliferative activities of curcumin, cyclophosphamide and a combined treatment on CMT cells were determined using the MTT and LDH assays. The concentration of drug required for 50% inhibition of cell viability (IC<sub>50</sub>) and combination index (CI) values were calculated from log dose-response curves of fixed-combinations of curcumin and cyclophosphamide generated from MTT assays. Apoptosis was detected using a DNA fragmentation assay and Annexin-V/propidium iodide staining followed by flow cytometry. Cell cycle analyses were also performed using flow cytometry. The expression of the apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2 was determined by immunocytochemical staining. MTT and LDH assays showed that curcumin and cyclophosphamide induced a dose- and a time-dependent decrease in cell viability. Isobole analysis revealed that the substances exhibited a synergistic interaction when IC<sub>50</sub> and 1/2 IC<sub>50 </sub>concentrations of curcumin and cyclophosphamide were added concurrently to the cultures. This synergy was characterised by a significant increase in the percentage of early and late apoptotic CMT-U27 and CMT-U309 cells. However, internucleosomal fragmentation of DNA was not observed in the DNA fragmentation assay. Cells treated with curcumin and cyclophosphamide arrested at the G<sub>2</sub>/M and S phases of the cell cycle, respectively. In combined treatments cells were arrested in both phases of the cell cycle. Furthermore, immunocytochemical stainings demonstrated that the curcumin induced apoptosis in CMT cells by the modulation of Bcl-2/Bax protein expression, as the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased and that of Bax increased. This effect was more pronounced in combination treatments. In conclusion, our study shows that a combination of curcumin and cyclophosphamide shows synergistic growth inhibitory activity on CMT cells via induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest accompanied by modulation of Bcl-2/Bax protein expression. This finding provides a molecular basis for the development of natural compounds as novel anticancer agents and will allow lowering the dose of cytotoxic agents, which will in turn lead to more specific and less toxic therapies for mammary cancer in dogs.
23
Keeler, W. J., and J. J. Dubowski. "Raman spectroscopy of PLEE (pulsed laser evaporation and epitaxy)-grown Cd1−xMnxTe films on (111) GaAs and (001) InSb." Canadian Journal of Physics 69, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1991): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p91-042.
Full textAbstract:
Raman light-scattering measurements have been used to characterize Cd1−xMnxTe (CMT) epilayers, 0.6–1.7 μm thick, deposited using pulsed laser evaporation and epitaxy (PLEE) on (111) GaAs and (001) InSb. Under outgoing resonance Raman conditions with a photoluminescence peak thought to be due to neutral acceptor-bound magnetic polaron emissions, five to seven overtones in various combinations of the "CdTe–like" and "MnTe–like" longitudinal optic phonon modes have been seen in six samples of CMT–GaAs at 14 K. This extreme degree of enhancement attests to the high quality of the PLEE-grown epilayers. The combination of the II–VI semiconductor CdTe and the III–V substrate InSb in a heterojunction is of particular interest because of the nearly perfect lattice match (within 0.05% at 300 K) and the large difference in the band gaps (1.45 and 0. 18 eV), which promise interesting device applications. Measurements of Raman scattering for CdTe deposited on n- and p-type (001) InSb were performed. Films with an intermediate CdTe buffer layer show better Raman characteristics than those produced without the buffer layer or with a Cd overpressure.
24
Del Bo, R., F. Locatelli, S. Corti, M. Scarlato, S. Ghezzi, A. Prelle, G. Fagiolari, et al. "Coexistence of CMT-2D and distal SMA-V phenotypes in an Italian family with a GARS gene mutation." Neurology 66, no. 5 (March 13, 2006): 752–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000201275.18875.ac.
Full text
25
BELLAL, Youcef, Antar BOUHANK, and Abdelmadjid ABABSA. "Electrochemical and Mechanical Studies of Metal Parts Manufactured by CMT." All Sciences Abstracts 1, no. 2 (July 25, 2023): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/as-abstracts.1208.
Full textAbstract:
An electrochemical study is carried out on metal parts manufactured by cold metal transfer (CMT) with ordinary steel under different working conditions (deposition speeds; V= 800, 1200 and 1600 m/min and current density; I= 50, 75 and 100 A) at a constant flow rate of inert gas QArgon/CO2 = 12 litre/min. The samples were immersed in an aggressive environment (H2SO4; 0.5 M). The electrochemical study was carried out using potentiodynamic polarization spectroscopy and impedance measurement. Morphological investigations carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm the electrochemical results. the deposition rate proportionally influences the polarization resistance with a rate equal to 60% and 43% for the metallic samples fabricated at current density I=100A, and I=75A respectively. The metallic samples fabricated at the current density I=75A have a good polarization resistance with a resistance rate equal to 54% compared to the metallic samples fabricated at I=100A, this confirms that the CMT process does not require great heat, on the other hand, it needs more cooling time, which is reflected in the deposition rate. Finally and to confirm the mechanical resistance on the parts manufactured in different working conditions, mechanical tests of pressure, attraction and shearing were carried out and gave us different results, which confirms the influence of its parameters on the mechanical resistance.
26
Li, Gang, Jufeng Song, Xiaofeng Lu, Xiaolei Zhu, Shengyu Xu, and Yupeng Guo. "Investigation on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Cu butt joints by CMT method in asymmetrical V-groove configuration." Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, no. 3 (2020): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2020028.
Full textAbstract:
It is a challenge work for joining of Al to Cu by conventional fusion welding method. This study investigates butt joining of 6061 Al alloy to pure copper using cold metal transfer (CMT) process in asymmetrical V-groove configuration. The microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Cu butt joints are revealed. The microstructure in the fusion zone mainly consists of α (Al) and Al2Cu phase accompanied with Si phase. The two-layer intermetallic compound (IMC) layers are exhibited at the Al/Cu interface. The first IMC layer near the copper is a thin layer in thickness of less than 5 μm. The second IMC layer is in the irregular non-linear and zigzag shape with some particles dispersed at the boundaries. XRD analysis shows that the IMCs in the joints mainly contain Al2Cu, AlCu, Al3Cu4 and Al4Cu9 phase. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the joints could reach 108 MPa. The fracture paths of the joints are along the Al/Cu interface. The pores and IMCs are main factors to determine the strength of the joints. Since the pores are at the Al/Cu interface, the UTS of the joint is lowered at low wire feed rate. The joints break along the Al/Cu interface due to the brittle IMC layer at high wire feed rate. It can be achieved Al/Cu butt joints with sufficient strength in asymmetrical V-groove configuration.
27
Kadoi, Kota, Aoi Murakami, Kenji Shinozaki, Motomichi Yamamoto, and Hideo Matsumura. "Crack repair welding by CMT brazing using low melting point filler wire for long-term used steam turbine cases of Cr-Mo-V cast steels." Materials Science and Engineering: A 666 (June 2016): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.04.035.
Full text
28
Olyunin, Y., V. Rybakova, E. Likhacheva, and E. Nasonov. "POS1455-HPR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AND MEASURES OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ACTIVITY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1011.2–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.760.
Full textAbstract:
Background:The patient-reported outcomes are important components of quantitative methods of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity assessment which are used to choose the appropriate drug therapy. The value of these parameters can be significantly affected not only by the inflammatory process, but also by the psychological characteristics of the patient and, in particular, by hardiness [1].Objectives:To study the relationship between psychological factors and signs of RA activity.Methods:Patients with RA who met the EULAR/ACR 2010 criteria, and observed at the V. A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology were included. Clinical examination was performed including patient global assessment (PGA), physician global assessment (PhGA), pain measurement on a visual analog scale, tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC). The functional status was determined by HAQ, the quality of life – by SF-36 EQ-5D, the nature of pain – by painDETECT, the presence of anxiety and depression – by HADS. Patients also completed Hardiness Survey questionnaire to assess hardiness (HDS) and 3 components of the HDS – commitment (CMT), control (CT) and challenge (CLN). Disease activity was evaluated with DAS28, CDAI, and RAPID3. All patients signed informed consent to participate in the study. Analysis of the data was performed using Spearman’s rank test, Fisher exact test, qui-square and t-tests.Results:85 patients with RA were included. There were 69 women and 16 men. Mean age was 56.7±13.1 years, disease duration – 7.6±2.7 years. 72 patients were positive for rheumatoid factor, 75 – for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody. CDAI showed high activity in 15, moderate – in 37, low – in 30, and remission in 3 patients, DAS 28 – in 10, 55, 12, and 8, and RAPID3 – in 24, 25, 15, and 21, respectively. 24 patients had subclinically or clinically expressed anxiety and 15 –subclinically or clinically expressed depression (≥8 according to HADS). In 31 patients, the painDETECT questionnaire revealed possible or probable neuropathic pain. Mean HDS was 84.8±21.7, CMT – 38.9±9.2, CT – 29.4±8.6, CLN – 17.3±7.1. These values were comparable with the corresponding population data for this age group. There was a significant inverse correlation between HDS and RA activity measures, including SJC, TJC, DAS28 (p<0.05), pain, PGA, PhGA, CDAI, RAPID3, and HAQ (p<0.01). In addition, HDS and all its components positively correlated with quality of life, assessed by SF-36 and EQ-5D (p<0.01). In patients with subclinically and clinically expressed anxiety and depression, HDS, CMT, and CT were significantly lower than in patients without anxiety and depression (p<0.01), while the values of CLN in these groups did not differ significantly.Conclusion:The results of the present study suggest that low HDS may be one of the significant factors determining RA activity level because it does not allow patients to adapt adequately to a stressful situation produced by the disease.References:[1]Maddi SR. Am Psychol. 2008 Sep;63(6):563-4.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
29
Thiagarajan, Thinesh Babu, and Sengottuvel Ponnusamy. "Process Variable Optimization of Cold Metal Transfer Technique in Cladding of Stellite-6 on AISI 316 L Alloy Using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA)." Annales de Chimie - Science des Matériaux 45, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/acsm.450406.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, an attempt was made to identify the optimised parameter combination in cold metal transfer (CMT) cladding process of AISI 316 L austenitic stainless steel. cladding process was carried out using stellite 6 filler wire. Experiments were carried out based on L31 central composite design (CCD). Cladding was done with current, Voltage, torch angle and travel speed as input parameters. Quality of the clad was analysed by measuring depth of penetration, weld area, hardness of the clad surface, corrosion rate and clad interface thickness. Grey relation analysis was used to identify the optimised parameter combination. Trial number 18 was identified as the optimised parameter combination. The optimised input parameters are Welding Current 200 Amps, Voltage 19 V, Torch Angle 70⁰ and Welding Speed 150 m/min. ANOVA was used to identify the most influencing parameters on the overall multi-objective function and it was understood that the combined effect of torch angle, travel speed had a significant influence on the clad quality. Further investigation was carried out through an optimised set of parameters. The cladding experiment was conducted and their surface was investigated through clad profile, hardness of the cladded area, interface thickness of cladding region and corrosion rate.
30
NOGUEIRA, Maíra Barreto, Luiz Antonio Eckhardt de PONTES, Hingrid Barbosa de SOUZA, Fernanda Giácomo RAGAZZI, and Juliano Gomes BARRETO. "PERFIL DA QUALIDADE DO LEITE EM PROPRIEDADE RURAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE ITAPERUNA, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL." Acta Biomédica Brasiliensia 9, no. 1 (April 10, 2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.18571/acbm.162.
Full textAbstract:
<p>De forma abrangente o leite é o produto obtido da ordenha completa e ininterrupta em condições de higiene, de vacas leiteiras sadias, bem alimentadas, tratadas e em repouso. A presente pesquisa quali-quantitativa de procedimento técnico bibliográfico apresenta um relato sobre o monitoramento de qualidade do leite ordenhado em propriedades rurais de Itaperuna/RJ, com o objetivo de monitorar a qualidade do leite bovino do referido município, considerando a variação na qualidade do leite e a influência do monitoramento no destino estabelecido para o produto avaliado. As amostras foram submetidas a ensaios químico, microbiológico e físico-químico com uso de equipamento ultrassônico, potenciômetro e kits comerciais disponibilizados pelo laboratório de análises de leite da Universidade Iguaçu Campus V. Os resultados obtidos indicaram a eficiência dos testes realizados para detecção e progressão da mastite subclínica, além da composição do leite e sua variação. Foi evidenciado que os métodos rápidos e práticos de diagnóstico são necessários para o monitoramento do leite. O Somaticell apresenta uma sensibilidade maior e interpretação menos subjetiva quando comparado ao CMT. Além disso, constatou-se a importância da orientação e da realização da prática do pré-dipping e pós-dipping, conforme às diretrizes estabelecidas pelo órgão regulamentador do controle de qualidade.</p>
31
Ames, Jeffery, Manjula Maganti, Bethany E. Monteith, David C. Hodgson, Vishal Kukreti, John G. Kuruvilla, Anca Prica, et al. "Outcomes of Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma (NLPHL) Vs. Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 3863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3863.3863.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background: Treatment of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is controversial. While management generally follows that of classical HL (cHL), NLPHL demonstrates many biologic differences from cHL, and such patients (pts) are often excluded from prospective trials of novel therapies. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics and treatment outcomes of pts with NLPHL at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (PM) compared to those with cHL, with both groups managed following the same treatment algorithms according to stage at presentation. Methods: We identified 820 pts registered in our Lymphoma database from 1999 to 2013 who had primary treatment at PM; 50 had NLPHL and 770 had cHL. The outcomes of the two groups were compared utilizing the whole cohort as well as a 1:3 propensity score-matched subcohort. Propensity scores were calculated based on a logistic regression model with the probability of belonging to the NLPHL group as dependent variable. Pts were matched based on age, gender, treatment received, stage, extranodal disease and follow-up time. A competing risks approach was used to estimate the probability of relapse and Gray's test and Fine and Gray model were used to study significance between groups. A Cox regression model and the log-rank test were used to compare disease free survival (DFS). Results: Median age at diagnosis of pts with NLPHL was 38 years (range 12-73) and 28 years (4-88) for those with cHL (p=0.006); 20% of NLPHL pts were female versus 44% with cHL (p=0.008). Similar proportions of pts with NLPHL and cHL presented with stage I/II lymphoma (84% vs 73%, p=0.083) but extranodal (E) disease was less common in NLPHL (4% v 25%, p=0.006). Treatment received: NLPHL: radiation (IFRT) alone 26%, chemotherapy alone 20%, combined modality therapy (CMT) 54%; CHL: IFRT alone 2%; chemotherapy alone 24%; CMT 74%. Chemotherapy consisted of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine (ABVD). The median follow-up time (range) was 7.7 (1.5-15.2) years in the NLPHL group versus 5.2 (0.03-15.9) years in the cHL group. There was no difference in DFS or relapse rate between pts who were diagnosed with cHL and NLPHL (p >0.7). Pts with stage III/IV NLPHL had the poorest outcome with the highest rate of relapse at 5 years (53.1%) compared to other groups (23.4%, 12.4% and 2.8%), and the lowest DFS at 5 years (47% vs. 97%, 85% and 74%, p<0.001). Pts with stage III/IV NLPHL were 2.9 times more likely to experience relapse than pts with stage III/IV cHL (p-0.03 (95% CI: 1.1-7.5)). Among the 50 pts with NLPHL, 47 could be matched with pts with cHL (n=126, Table 1). The response to treatment was similar between the matched pt groups, with 44 (94%) pts achieving CR/CRu/PR in the NLPHL group and 118 (94%) with cHL. As was seen for the whole cohort, no difference in the probability of relapse or DFS between the matched NLPHL and cHL pts (relapse at 5y:11.2% v 21.4%, DFS at 5y: 89 % vs. 75% p=NS); however, the hazard ratio for relapse for pts with stage III/IV NLPHL vs cHL was 3.0 (95% CI 0.83-10.9, p=0.09); relapse probability by subtype and stage is shown in figure 1. DFS at 5 years: NLPHL stage I/II 97%, stage III/IV 47%; cHL stage I/II 78%, stage III/IV 58% ; hazard ratio for DFS for pts with stage III/IV NLPHL vs cHL 2.0 (95% CI 0.53-7.6, p=0.31); Four pts with NLPHL and 1 with cHL developed a second lymphoma (4 DLBCL, 1 plasmablastic). Conclusion: Within the limits of relatively small patient numbers, the prognosis of pts with early stage NLPHL is excellent when treated with CMT approaches used for cHL, or IFRT alone, while pts with stage III/IV disease appear to have a high rate of recurrence with ABVD; alternative regimens should be considered in these patients. Table 1. Characteristics of matched cohorts Covariate CHL (N=126)N (%) NLPHL (N=47)N (%) Age at Diagnosis (yrs) Median (range) 36 (12-73) 36 (4-86) Gender % Female Male 29 (23.0) 97 (77.0) 10 (21.3) 37 (78.7) Treatment Chemotherapy CMT IFRT 25 (19.8) 85 (67.5) 16 (12.7) 10 (21.3) 27 (57.4) 10 (21.3) Stage I/II III/IV 108 (85.7) 18 (14.3) 39 (83.0) 8 (17.0) Extranodal N Y 119(94.4) 7(5.6) 45 (95.7) 2 (4.3) Response to Treatment CR/CRu/PR NR/SD 118 (93.7) 8 (6.3) 44 (93.6) 3 (6.4) Status Alive Death 110 16 45 2 Cause of Death HL or treatment toxicity Other/unknown alive 6 9 110 1 1 45 Competing risk (Relapse) No Relapse Relapse (incl PD) Death without Relapse 94 25 7 38 9 - Figure 1. Relapse probability according to stage, histology Figure 1. Relapse probability according to stage, histology Disclosures Kukreti: Roche: Honoraria; Lundbeck: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Janssen Ortho: Honoraria. Kuruvilla:Seattle Genetics: Honoraria, Research Funding; Karyopharm: Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche Canada: Honoraria. Crump:Celgene: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Seattle Genetics: Honoraria.
32
Asproni, Pietro, Francesca Millanta, Lorenzo Ressel, Fabio Podestà, Francesca Parisi, Iacopo Vannozzi, and Alessandro Poli. "An Immunohistochemical Study of the PTEN/AKT Pathway Involvement in Canine and Feline Mammary Tumors." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020365.
Full textAbstract:
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome10 (PTEN), phospho-v-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT), and the Rapamycin-Insensitive Companion of mTOR (Rictor) expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in 10 canine mammary adenomas (CMAs), 40 canine mammary carcinomas (CMCs), and 30 feline mammary carcinomas (FMCs). All the CMAs, 25 of 40 CMCs (63%) and 7 of 30 FMCs (23%), were PTEN-positive. In dogs, no CMAs and 15 of 25 CMCs (37%) expressed phospho-AKT (p-AKT), while 24 of 30 FMCs (82%) were p-AKT-positive. One of 10 CMAs (10%), 24 of 40 CMCs (60%) and 20 of 30 FMCs (67%) were Rictor-positive. In the dog, PTEN expression correlated with less aggressive tumors, absence of lymphatic invasion, and longer survival. P-AKT expression correlated with more aggressive subtype, lymphatic invasion, and poorer survival and Rictor expression with lymphatic invasion. In cats, PTEN correlated with less aggressive carcinomas, absence of lymphatic invasion, and better survival. P-AKT and Rictor expression correlated with poorer survival. PTEN expression was inversely correlated with p-AKT and Rictor in both species, while p-AKT positively correlated with Rictor expression. A strong PTEN/AKT pathway involvement in behavior worsening of CMT and FMTs is demonstrated, providing a rationale for further studies of this pathway in veterinary oncology.
33
Najafzadeh, V., R. Martinus, and B. Oback. "53 TARGETED SCREEN FOR AMINO ACIDS THAT REGULATE BOVINE INNER CELL MASS DEVELOPMENT." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 2 (2016): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv28n2ab53.
Full textAbstract:
Pluripotency relies on species-specific amino acid (AA) metabolism. In the mouse, inner cell mass (ICM) and ICM-derived pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) need threonine, which is catabolized by threonine dehydrogenase (TDH) into acetyl–CoA and glycine. Depleting (Δ) the culture medium of threonine (ΔT) or blocking TDH activity induces PSC death. By contrast, human PSCs do not survive without lysine (ΔK), leucine (ΔL), or methionine (ΔM). Since isolated bovine PSCs cannot be propagated in vitro, we screened for AAs that selectively support pluripotent ICM cells in intact bovine embryos. Five days (D5) post-IVF, embryos were transferred into glutamine-free synthetic oviduct fluid (gSOF) with Eagle’s nonessential (NE) and essential (E) AAs (gSOF_AA) plus BSA. Embryos were individually cultured until D8 under different conditions. Statistical significance was determined using Fisher’s exact test for blastocyst development (morphological grading to IETS standard) and t-tests for cell numbers (differential stain) and gene expression (quantitative or qPCR). Removal of BSA reduced grade 1–3 blastocyst (B1–3) development (37% v. 25%, n = 3; P < 0.001). Depleting NEAAs from gSOF_AA did not significantly decrease B1–3, but depleting all 12 EAAs did (25% v. 8%, n = 6; P < 0.001). Because ΔEAA was most effective, we focused on this. Experiments were conducted in gSOF+NEAA and compared with gSOF_AA as a positive control (n = 2–6 replicates). One (ΔT, ΔM), two (ΔMT, ΔCM, ΔCT; ΔIL, ΔIK, ΔKL), three (ΔCMT, ΔIKL), or six (ΔHPRVWY) EAA drop-out did not affect blastocyst formation, even when NEAAs were also removed for ΔT and ΔM groups (n = 3). However, depleting another six (ΔCIKLMT), nine (+CMT, +IKL), or eleven EAAs (+T, +M) increasingly compromised B1–3 (P < 0.05). Because no clear EAA candidates emerged from the screen, we focused on TDH. TDH mRNA was present at similar levels in microsurgically isolated (by microblade) trophectoderm (TE) and chemically isolated (by Triton X-100) ICM, but undetectable in five adult tissues. Despite ΔT medium showing no effect, exposure to the TDH inhibitor QC1 (50 µM) reduced B1–3 and B1–2 compared with a dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solvent control (25% v. 37% and 8% v. 19%, n = 8; P < 0.005). ICM and TE cell numbers were equally reduced in QC1 v. DMSO-treated blastocysts (10 v. 19 and 37 v. 67 with N = 21 and N = 29 embryos, respectively, n = 3; P < 0.005). Yet TDH, hypoblast (PDGRFα), epiblast (NANOG, FGF4, SOX2), and trophoblast (CDX2, KRT8) markers were not consistently affected by QC1. We next applied 3-hydroxynorvaline (3-HNV), which TDH hydrolyses into glycine and propionyl-CoA instead of acetyl-CoA. Compared with solvent controls, 3-HNV (300 µM) killed all embryos and bovine fetal fibroblasts within 3 days in ΔT medium. This toxic effect was fully rescued by >10-fold T-supplementation. Thus, 3-HNV protein incorporation, rather than acetyl-CoA reduction, may nonspecifically impair cellular function. In summary, we found that bovine ICM formation did not specifically depend on metabolizing threonine or any other single EAA. Research was supported by AgResearch Core Funding.
34
Rahman, AKM Shahidur, Anwar Ul Islam, Mir Misbahuddin, and Nishat Parvin. "Pharmacokinetics of Cisplatin and its Metabolites Following Intravenous Administration in Cancer Patients of Bangladesh." KYAMC Journal 9, no. 3 (December 4, 2018): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v9i3.38781.
Full textAbstract:
Background: To determine the mean bioavailability of cisplatin at different time interval after intravenous administration of cisplatin of 18-60 years old 50 male Bangladeshi cancer patients.Materials & Methods: Pharmacokinetic and demographic data were collected from 50 various types of male cancer patients received injection cisplatin 50 mg/m2 infusion for over 3 hours every alternate week for 3 weeks and mean population bioavailability were determined.Results: Statistical analysis from data of HPLC reported that the highest mean plasma concentration of cisplatin was found 428.32 μg/dl (±6.092) after 3 hours and highest mean urinary concentration of cisplatin was found 996.56μg/dl (±1.97) after 12 hours (P<0.05). Highest and lowest concentration of four suspected metabolites (CM2, CM3, CM4 and CM5) were identified in blood and corresponding urine with their specific RT (retention time) and Area (P<0.01) which suggestive of previous work.Conclusion: Following I/V administration plasma concentration of cisplatin at different time interval determined the proper dosing dosing interval of the drug and reduce toxicity.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-3, October 2018, Page 110-114
35
Diabetes & Metabolismo, Asociación Colombiana de Endocrinología. "Tiroides." Revista Colombiana de Endocrinología, Diabetes & Metabolismo 4, no. 2 (June 28, 2017): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.53853/encr.4.2.120.
Full textAbstract:
Listado
Bethesda III en resultado de PAAF de nódulos tiroideos y su correlación histopatológica. Rivera S., Mesías N., Müller C., Olivares V., Capetillo M., Gabler F., Manriquez E.,Vargas J.
No todo exoftalmos es enfermedad de Graveshistopatológica. Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura. Parra G, González PJ
Creación de una App para determinar la normalidad del volumen tiroideo de mi paciente en Colombia: Herramienta a partir de un estudio poblacional. APPOIDE
Estudio de los patrones de práctica clínica en la enfermedad de Graves en Colombia. DARKDAP
Factores clínicos e histopatológicos predictores de recaída en pacientes con carcinoma diferenciado de tiroides en Colombia: estudio multicéntrico. TIROIDESRECAIDA
Carcinoma medular de tiroides. Reporte preliminar y propuesta para un registro colombiano. Román-González A, Builes-Montaño CE, Wandurraga E, Marín LF, Builes-Barrera CA, Londoño-Gómez MP, Rua C, Gómez JD, Castro D
Hipotiroidismo y falla renal. Reporte de caso. Reyes MP., Rivera A., Flórez A.
Sorafenib como terapia puente para vandetanib en un paciente con carcinoma medular de tiroides (CMT) irresecable en progresión. Reporte de caso. Román-González A, Builes-Barrera CA.
Respuesta a la terapia en pacientes con cáncer diferenciado de tiroides según la nueva propuesta de la Asociación Americana de Tiroides: experiencia de 3 centros en Colombia. Torres JL, Marín LF, Aristizábal C, Aristizábal N, Sylva DI, Ospina DC, Dueñas JP, Natera AK, Gómez CM, Serrano S, Wandurraga EA
Tiroidectomía en polineuropatía desmielinizante aguda para paciente con enfermedad de Graves: a propósito de un caso. Saavedra-HF, Guzmán-GE, Martínez-V, Rojas-MA, Plaza-LH, Victoria-W.
Tormenta tiroidea. Angélica María González Clavijo
Uso de sorafenib en metástasis cerebrales de carcinoma de tiroides (CT). Reporte de dos casos. Román-González A, Builes-Barrera CA
36
Gordon, Leo I., Fanxing Hong, Richard I. Fisher, Nancy L. Bartlett, Joseph M. Connors, Randy D. Gascoyne, Henry Wagner, et al. "A Randomized Phase III Trial of ABVD Vs. Stanford V +/− Radiation Therapy In Locally Extensive and Advanced Stage Hodgkin's Lymphoma: An Intergroup Study Coordinated by the Eastern Cooperatve Oncology Group (E2496)." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.415.415.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Abstract 415 Background: The ability to cure patients (pts) with advanced Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) with combination chemotherapy (CC) (MOPP and variants, ABVD and variants) represented a major milestone in oncology research, and CC became a paradigm for other malignancies. Further, the rationale for combined modality therapy (CMT) (radiation (RT) and CC) in HL evolved based on the high frequency of relapse in initially involved sites. As response rates and survival improved, newer treatments such as the combined modality Stanford V regimen were developed to shorten the duration of chemotherapy, add RT to sites of disease and reduce toxicity while maintaining or improving the cure rate. Indeed, the Stanford V regimen was tested and validated in a Phase II co-operative group trial (E1492) (J Clin Oncol 2000; 18:972). In order to investigate this approach against “standard” therapy, we conducted a randomized Phase III Intergroup trial of ABVD vs. the Stanford V regimen for patients with locally extensive or advanced HL. Objectives: The trial was designed to detect a 33% reduction in the failure free survival (FFS) hazard rate with Stanford V compared with ABVD, which corresponds to a difference in five-year FFS of 64% vs. 74%. Method: Patients with locally extensive (defined as clinical Ann Arbor Stage I-IIA/B and bulky mediastinal disease (BMD) (mass > 1/3 maximum intrathoracic diameter on standing postero-anterior chest x-ray or >/−10 cm on computerized tomography) or advanced (Ann Arbor Stage III or IV) HL were randomized to receive either ABVD × 6–8 cycles (C) (51% had 6 C, 35% had 8 C, 14% had <6 C) + 36 Gy (only in pts with BMD) or Stanford V × 12 weeks (95% had 12 weeks) + 36 Gy (for sites >5cm or for macroscopic splenic disease). The log-rank test was used to compare FFS for all eligible patients stratified on extent of disease (locally extensive vs. advanced), and number of International Prognostic Factor Project (IPFP) risk factors (0–2 vs. 3–7). An extended Cox model was also used to address non-proportional hazard between the two arms. Results: 854 pts enrolled from April, 1999 to June, 2006 and 812 were eligible for analysis. 404 pts were randomized to ABVD and 408 to Stanford V. Median age was 33 yrs in both arms (range 16–83). 53% were men and 47% women; 4% had Stage I, 31% had Stage II, 39% had Stage III and 25% had Stage IV disease by Ann Arbor criteria. 35% of pts on ABVD and 35% on Stanford V had BMD. Three % of pts had nodular lymphocyte predominant HL, 77% of pts had nodular sclerosis HL, 14% had mixed cell HL. Age, stage, pathology and risk factors (0–2 vs. 3–7) were similar in both arms. In total, 65% were IPFP score 0–2 and 33% were 3–6. Response rate. There was no difference in response rates (RR) between the two arms (ABVD=72% CR+ CCR, 7.7% PR, 7.9% SD; Stanford V= 69 % CR +CCR, 7% PR and 10 % SD. 8% were not evaluable for response on ABVD and 9% on Stanford V. Toxicity was similar in both groups. The most frequent Grade 3 + 4 toxicity was neutropenia, and was similar between the 2 groups (76% Grade 3 + 4 in ABVD and 70% Grade 3+ 4 in Stanford V). Grade 5 toxicity was <1% in both groups. There was, however, more Grade 3 lymphopenia in Stanford V (78% vs. 42%, p< 0.0001) and more Grade 3 +4 sensory neuropathy in Stanford V (10%) than in ABVD (3%) (p< 0.0001). A total of 26 second primary cancers developed, 12 after ABVD and 14 after Stanford V (p=NS). FFS and OS. For 812 eligible patients, with a median follow up of 5.25 years, 5-year FFS was 73% for ABVD and 71% for Stanford V (p=0.29 by log rank) (Figure left); 5-year OS was 88% for ABVD and 87% for Stanford V (p=0.87 by log-rank, HR=0.97, 95% CI: 0.65 to 1.44) (Figure right) indicating no significant difference in either FFS or OS between the 2 arms. Conclusion: In the largest Phase III intergroup trial of HL in North America, there was no significant difference in RR, FFS, OS, and 5-year toxicity when ABVD (+ RT for BMD) is compared with Stanford V (+RT for nodal sites >5 cm and macroscopic splenic disease). There was more Grade 3 lymphopenia (p< 0.0001) and more Grade 3 + 4 sensory neuropathy (p< 0.0001) on Stanford V. Thus ABVD (plus RT for BMD) remains the standard of care because Stanford V did not meet the objective of 33% improvement in FFS. For some patients, Stanford V, when given as described with RT, remains an acceptable alternative. Disclosures: Friedberg: Genentech: Honoraria. Blum:Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding. Horning:Genentech: Employment.
37
Choi, Young J., Lyne Morel, Teffanie Le Fran�ois, Denis Bourque, Lucie Bourget, Denis Groleau, Bernard Massie, and Carlos B. M�guez. "Novel, Versatile, and Tightly Regulated Expression System for Escherichia coli Strains." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 15 (June 18, 2010): 5058–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00413-10.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT A novel tightly regulated gene expression system was developed for Escherichia coli by applying the regulatory elements of the Pseudomonas putida F1 cym and cmt operons to control target gene expression at the transcriptional level by using p-isopropylbenzoate (cumate) as an inducer. This novel expression system, referred to as the cumate gene switch, includes a specific expression vector, pNEW, that contains a partial T5 phage promoter combined with the Pseudomonas-based synthetic operator and the cymR repressor protein-encoding gene designed to express constitutively in the host strain. The induction of transcription relies on the addition of the exogenous inducer (cumate), which is nontoxic to the culture, water soluble, and inexpensive. The characteristics and potential of the expression system were determined. Using flow cytometry and fed-batch fermentations, we have shown that, with the newly developed cumate-regulated system, (i) higher recombinant product yields can be obtained than with the pET (isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside [IPTG])-induced expression system, (ii) expression is tightly regulated, (iii) addition of cumate quickly results in a fully induced and homogenous protein-expressing population in contrast to the bimodal expression profile of an IPTG-induced population, (iv) expression can be modulated by varying the cumate concentration, and (v) the cumate-induced population remains induced and fully expressing even at 8 h following induction, resulting in high yields of the target protein Furthermore, the cumate gene switch described in this article is applicable to a wide range of E. coli strains.
38
Belgaumi, Asim, Amani A. Al-Kofide, Rubina Jamil-Malik, Nicey Joseph, Yasser Khafaga, and Rajeh Sabbah. "Outcome of Second Line Therapy for Pediatric Patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma Who Relapse Following ABVD Based Therapy." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 2691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.2691.2691.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Abstract 2691 Poster Board II-667 Background Treatment outcomes for patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin lymphoma have improved significantly. This, however, means that the number of patients relapsing following modern therapy is small and the information regarding their clinical characteristics and treatment outcome is limited. Methods Clinical information for patients with HL treated on an ABVD protocol were retrospectively collected. For those patients who suffered relapse or progression, data relating to this event, the treatment received and the outcome were collected and reviewed. Results Between May 1990 and December 2006 230 children (<14 years) were treated for HL at our institution. 30 patients suffered treatment failure; 21 relapses and 9 progressions (PD). The median time to failure was 1.1years (0.05–7.29 yrs); 0.58 years for patients who progressed and 1.4 years for relapsing patients. 16 patients maintained their stage at relapse, 9 relapsed at a lower stage and 5 at a higher stage. 24 patients were subsequently treated with chemotherapy alone, one with XRT alone and 4 received CMT. One patient with progressive disease did not receive any salvage therapy. Chemotherapy protocols used included APPE (n=13), COPP (n=6), ESHAP (n=2), MOPP (n=2), COPPABV (n=2), MOPPABV (n=1) and ABVD/COPP (n=1). One patient with a nodular lymphocyte predominance HL progressed as a DLBCL and was treated on a NHL protocol. 10 patients subsequently underwent SCT (9 autologous and one allogeneic). 19/29 patients achieved CR post 2nd line therapy, while 5 each had PR and PD. OS at 6 years is 65.7%. Outcome for patients with PD was significantly worse than for those who relapsed (47.6% v. 73.2%; p=0.048). There was no difference in outcome for those patients who underwent SCT compared with those who did not (63% v. 66.4%; p=NS). Conclusion A majority of pediatric patients with HL who relapse following ABVD therapy can be salvaged. Outcome for patients following chemotherapy alone was no different from those who underwent SCT; therefore the necessity for SCT needs to be evaluated based on risk stratification. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
39
M, Bisrat. "Incidence and Associated Risk Actors of Heifer Mastitis in Dairy Farms at Mekelle Town, Northern Ethiopia." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 4, no. 2 (2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000176.
Full textAbstract:
A longitudinal study was conducted from November 2013 to May 2014 in Mekelle town, Northern Ethiopia, to assess the incidence of heifer mastitis, to isolate and identify the causative pathogens and their susceptibility to different antimicrobials and also identify risk factors associated with occurrence of heifer mastitis. Twenty - five heifers were included from 4 d airy farms and 11 cooperative small holder’s dairy farms during the study period. Total of 100 quarters were examined to detect clinical and subclinical mastitis by physical examinations of udder and milk and California mastitis Test (CMT), respectively. T he incidence of mastitis per gland at risk was 64 % and the spontaneous cure rate of infected quarters was 33 %. Incidence of heifers’ intra - mammary infections (IMI) in the study area was highest at calving (28%). Infection per quarter revealed that 49% we re mastitis positive of which 8.2% of their quarters were clinical and 45/49 (91.8%) quarters were sub clinical type of mastitis. The incidence rate per quarters were statistically significant (p <0.05) and higher in rear quarters than front quarters. The univariate logistic regression showed that among potential risk factors considered from the farm attributes, breed, age, practice of milking mastitic cow last, housing nature, hand wash before and in between milking and udder hygiene had significant effect on the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) (54.5%) and Staphylococcus aureus (21.8%) , were the predominant bacteria. Relatively most of the isolates are susceptible to Chloramphenicol, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin and V ancomycin but resistant to Penicillin. The study also revealed that S.aureus, E.coli and S.agalactiae were highly incident at calving. It is concluded that prevalence of CNS, lack of hygienic practice and infestation of ticks should give serious attention.Intramammary treatment of prepartum heifer with appropriate antimicrobials may help to reduce the incidence of mastitis at calving and subsequent lactation period.
40
Fatonah, Anis, Dian Wahyu Harjanti, and Fajar Wahyono. "Evaluasi Produksi dan Kualitas Susu pada Sapi Mastitis." Jurnal Agripet 20, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v20i1.15200.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRAK. Tingkat peradangan ambing merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi produksi dan kualitas susu sapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara produksi dan kualitas susu yang dihasilkan sapi mastitis. Materi yang digunakan adalah 30 ekor sapi perah Friesian Holstein (FH) dengan periode laktasi III-V dan bulan laktasi 3-4. Tingkat peradangan ambing diuji menggunakan California mastitis test (X1) dan jumlah sel somatik (X2) dengan metode Breed dihubungkan dengan produksi (Y1) atau kualitas susu (lemak : Y2, protein = Y3 dan laktosa = Y4). Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 30% kuartir ambing dinyatakan sehat sedangkan 70% kuartir ambing terinfeksi mastitis subklinis dengan tingkat peradangan yang berbeda. Terdapat hubungan antara tingkat peradangan ambing dengan produksi susu berpola linier negatif nyata (P 0,05) dengan persamaan Y1 = 16,126 - 3,064X1 - 0,001X2 dan koefisien korelasi kuat (r = 0,740). Hubungan antara tingkat peradangan ambing dengan kualitas susu (lemak, protein, laktosa) berpola linier negatif nyata (P 0,05) dengan persamaan Y2 = 3,481 - 0,157X1 - 0,000X2 (r = 0,739), Y3 = 3,048 - 0,124X1 - 0,000X2 (r = 0,653) dan Y4 = 4,605 - 0,106X1 - 0,001X2 (r = 0,623). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan antara tingkat peradangan ambing dengan produksi dan kualitas susu dimana semakin tinggi tingkat peradangan ambing maka produksi dan kualitas susu akan mengalami penurunan. (Evaluation of milk production and quality in mastitis cows) ABSTRACT. The level of udder inflammation is one of the factors that can affect the production and quality of cow's milk. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between milk production and quality produced by mastitis cows. The material used was 30 Friesian Holstein (FH) dairy cows with a lactation period of III-V and a lactation month of 3-4. Inflammation degree of the mammary gland was determined by the California mastitis test (X1) and somatic cell count (X2) with a breed method relationship between milk production (Y1) or milk quality (fat: Y2, protein: Y3, and lactose: Y4) were determined by the multiple linear regression. The results showed that 30% of the udder quarter were healthy while 70% of the udder quarter were infected with mastitis with different levels of inflammation. There was a strong negative correlation (P 0,05; r = 0.740) between milk production, CMT and SCC score with Y1 = 16.126 - 3.064X1 - 0.001X2. Moreover, the correlation between milk production and milk quality (fat, protein, lactose) also showed a strong negative linear correlation (P 0,05) with the equation Y2 = 3.481 - 0.157X1 - 0.000X2 (r = 0.739), Y3 = 3.048 - 0.124X1 - 0.000X2 (r = 0.653) and Y4 = 4.605 - 0.106X1 - 0.001X2 (r = 0.623). In conclusion, the increased mammary inflammation level will result the decrease in milk production and milk quality.
41
Timofeev, V. V., B. S. Lunin, N. Yu Mordkovich, and Yu N. Zhitnev. "Dynamics of Vibrational Relaxation of Multiphoton Excited SF6 Molecules in Gaseous Mixtures Containing Ozone and Inert Gases (He, Ar, Kr)." Laser Chemistry 10, no. 3 (January 1, 1990): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1990/39014.
Full textAbstract:
SF6 at pressure of 0.6 Torr in gas mixtures with ozone (0 ÷ 5 Torr) and inert gases: He, Ar, Kr (0 ÷ 5 Torr) was vibrationally excited with and IR pulsed radiation of CO2 TEA laser at 10P20 laser line (F= 0.6 J/cm2). The vibrational energy transfer from multiphoton excited (MPE) molecules SF6 to the components of gaseous mixture was probed by UV absorption of ozone at λ = 253.6 nm band. The relaxation process of MPE molecules SF6 was proposed to occur through parallel V-V' and V-T collisional channels. Based on the kinetic model, collisional rate constants were determined from the time evolution of UV absorption data after laser shot. The obtained values of relaxation rate constants are: KV−VSF6−O3=7.7, 10−13 cm3/s, KV-TSF6−He=3.1 10−13cm3/s, KV−TSF6−Ar=2.3 10−13 cm3/s, KV−TSF6−Kr=7.7 10−14 cm3/s, KV−TSF6−SF6=(4.8÷6.4) 10−13 cm3/s.The observed decay of IR fluorescence from MPE SF6 molecules at λ=6.3 μm wave number in SF6-Kr gas mixtures had an exponential time profile with the constant characteristic relaxation time (V-T). The rate of IR fluorescence cluenching allowed us to find an effective V-T relaxation rate constants for collisional partners: KV-TSF6−Ar=7.810−14cm3/s. KT-VSF6−SF6=1.010−12cm3/s.
42
Satoh, Masataka, Shohei Nagata, Tohru Nakamura, Hiroshi Doi, and Masami Shibagaki. "Doping Level Dependence of Electrical Properties for p+n 4H-SiC Diode Formed by Al Ion Implantation." Materials Science Forum 615-617 (March 2009): 679–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.615-617.679.
Full textAbstract:
Electrical properties of p+n 4H-SiC(0001) diode formed by Al ion implantation to n-type epitaxial layer have been investigated as a function of Al doping concentration ranging from 1 x 1020 to 6 x 1020 /cm3 and the operation temperature. The n-type 4H-SiC(0001) epitaxial layer with a net donor concentration of 1 x 1016 /cm3 are multiply implanted by Al ions in the energy range from 30 to 170 keV at elevated temperature of 500 oC with a implantation layer thickness of 350 nm, followed by the annealing at 1900 oC for 1min using EBAS. On-state resistance of diode with Al concentration of 1 x 1020 /cm3 is estimated to be about 4.5 mcm2, while that for diode with Al concentration of 6 x 1020 /cm3 is 1.8 mcm2 at 25 oC. In the sample with Al concentration of 6 x 1020 /cm3 shows the positive temperature coefficient of on-state resistance of diode, while that for sample with Al concentration less than 3 x 1020 /cm3 is negative. The diode formed by Al implantation at the concentration of 6 x 1020 /cm3 is able to operate at the constant current density of 80 A/cm2 at the bias of 2.9 V independent to operation temperature.
43
Hutchins, Laura F., Stephanie J. Green, Peter M. Ravdin, Danika Lew, Silvana Martino, Martin Abeloff, Alan P. Lyss, Craig Allred, Saul E. Rivkin, and C. Kent Osborne. "Randomized, Controlled Trial of Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, and Fluorouracil Versus Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, and Fluorouracil With and Without Tamoxifen for High-Risk, Node-Negative Breast Cancer: Treatment Results of Intergroup Protocol INT-0102." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 33 (November 20, 2005): 8313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.08.071.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose We evaluated the efficacy of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil (CAF) in node-negative breast cancer patients with and without tamoxifen (TAM), overall and by hormone receptor (HR) status. Patients and Methods Node-negative patients identified by tumor size (> 2 cm), negative HR, or high S-phase fraction (n = 2,690) were randomly assigned to CMF, CAF, CMF + TAM (CMFT), or CAF + TAM (CAFT). Cox regression evaluated overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) for CAF versus CMF and TAM versus no TAM separately. Two-sided CIs and one-sided P values for planned comparisons were calculated. Results Ten-year estimates indicated that CAF was not significantly better than CMF (P = .13) for the primary outcome of DFS (77% v 75%; HR = 1.09; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.27). CAF had slightly better OS than CMF (85% v 82%, HR = 1.19 for CMF v CAF; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.43); values were statistically significant in the planned one-sided test (P = .03). Toxicity was greater with CAF and did not increase with TAM. Overall, TAM had no benefit (DFS, P = .16; OS, P = .37), but the TAM effect differed by HR groups. For HR-positive patients, TAM was beneficial (DFS, HR = 1.32 for no TAM v TAM; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.61; P = .003; OS, HR = 1.26; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.61; P = .03), but not for HR-negative patients (DFS, HR = 0.81 for no TAM v TAM; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.03; OS, HR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.05). Conclusion CAF did not improve DFS compared with CMF; there was a slight effect on OS. Given greater toxicity, we cannot conclude CAF to be superior to CMF. TAM is effective in HR-positive disease, but not in HR-negative disease.
44
Hortiangtham, A. "V+jets from CMS." Nuclear and Particle Physics Proceedings 282-284 (January 2017): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2016.12.004.
Full text
45
Ismail, Nur, Nor Sa’at, and Mohd Zaid. "Effect of sintering time on microstructure and electrical properties of varistor ceramics ZnO-CoO-SLS glass." Science of Sintering 53, no. 4 (2021): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos2104509i.
Full textAbstract:
The influence of sintering time on the microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO-CoO-SLS (soda lime silica) glass varistor based ceramics has been investigated. With increased sintering time, the density of the sintered pellets increased from 5.060 to 5.644 g/cm3 resulting in an increase of the nonlinear coefficient and barrier height of the ZnO-CoO-SLS glass varistor ceramics from 6.742 to 8.252 and 0.846 to 0.955 eV, respectively. The breakdown voltage is inversely proportional to the leakage current. The breakdown voltage increases from 183.7 to 278.6 V/cm and the leakage current decreases from 5.832 to 4.324 ?A/cm2 as the sintering time is increased from 60 to 150 minutes but as the increase sintering time of 150 minutes their value decreases to 222.8 V/cm and increases to 5.078 ?A/cm2. The high nonlinearity of 7.366 with lowest leakage current of 4.324 ?A/cm2 has been achieved from the varistor sintered at 150 minutes, breakdown voltage of 278.6 V/cm and barrier height of 0.954 eV.
46
Lervåg, Malin, Camilla Sørensen, Andreas Robertstad, Bård M. Brønstad, Bård Nyhus, Magnus Eriksson, Ragnhild Aune, Xiaobo Ren, Odd M. Akselsen, and Ivan Bunaziv. "Additive Manufacturing with Superduplex Stainless Steel Wire by CMT Process." Metals 10, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10020272.
Full textAbstract:
For many years, the oil and gas industry has utilized superduplex stainless steels due to their high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) was used with superduplex filler wire to create walls with different heat input. Due to the multiple heating and cooling cycles during layer deposition, brittle secondary phases may form such as intermetallic sigma (σ) phase. By inspecting deposited walls within wide range of heat inputs (0.40–0.87 kJ/mm), no intermetallic phases formed due to low inter-pass temperatures used, together with the high Ni content in the applied wire. Lower mechanical properties were observed with high heat inputs due to low ferrite volume fraction, precipitation of Cr nitrides and formation of secondary austenite. The walls showed good toughness values based on both Charpy V-notch and CTOD (crack tip opening displacement) testing.
47
Nunes Jr, Walter Ribeiro, David Gozal, and Renata C. Di Francesco. "Cephalometric and Pharyngometric Evaluation in Snoring Children with Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy Under an Orthodontic or Orthopedic Treatment." Journal of Child Science 09, no. 01 (January 2019): e68-e74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692987.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAltered craniofacial growth has been implicated in sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children. The authors aimed to evaluate the cephalometric measurements and pharyngeal dimensions related to SDB in snoring children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) treated with an orthodontic and orthopedic oral appliance (OOA). Forty habitually snoring children, 6 to 9 years old with evidence of grade 3 to 4 ATH, maxillary constriction, and class II dental malocclusion were enrolled, with 24 children being treated with OOA, and 16 remaining untreated children as controls. All children underwent a cephalometric X-ray and acoustic pharyngometry for airway measurements at the start and 6 months after. Cephalometric measurements related to SDB reduced in the treated group (p < 0.01) as follows: maxillary–mandibular relationship: –2.2 ± 1.70°; maxillary–mandibular planes angle: –2.4 ± 3.80°; and hyoid bone position: –4 ± 3.8 mm (p < 0.001). OOA treatment revealed improvements in pharyngeal minimum cross-section area (MCA) (0.2 ± 0.2 cm2) and volume (V) (3.15 ± 2.5 cm3), while reductions in MCA (–0.2 ± 0.3 cm2) and in V (–1.25 ± 1.3 cm3) occurred in controls (p < 0.001 vs. OOA). Six months of OOA treatment in snoring children with SDB promotes enlargement of the pharyngeal dimensions and beneficial cephalometric changes.
48
Magerová, Hana. "Indications of antithrombotic therapy for secondary stroke prevention." Neurologie pro praxi 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/neu.2019.084.
Full text
49
Isa, Nor Hasanah, Zakaria Azmi, Raba’ah Syahidah Azis, and Zahid Rizwan. "Microstructural and Nonlinear Properties of Zn-V-Mn-Nb-O Varistor Ceramics with Gd2O3 Substitution for Low Voltage Application." Solid State Phenomena 268 (October 2017): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.268.181.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of Gd2O3 substitution on the microstructural and electrical properties of Zn-V-Mn-Nb-O varistor ceramics sintered at 900°C was investigated. XRD, SEM, and EDAX results show that the GdMnO3 and GdVO4 phases formed at the grain boundaries and triple point junctions. Gd2O3 substitution inhibited the grain growth from 3.85 to 3.06 μm and increased the sintered ceramics density from 5.12 to 5.19 g/cm3.The samples containing the amount of 0.03 mol% Gd2O3 exhibit an optimum nonlinear coefficient α value which is 9.91, highest breakdown electrical field which is 88.48 V/mm and lowest leakage current density which is 0.11 mA/cm2 in low voltage application.
50
Cheng, Lin, Anant K. Agarwal, Michael J. O'Loughlin, Craig Capell, Khiem Lam, Charlotte Jonas, Jim Richmond, et al. "16 kV, 1 cm2, 4H-SiC PiN Diodes for Advanced High-Power and High-Temperature Applications." Materials Science Forum 740-742 (January 2013): 895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.740-742.895.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, we report our recently developed 16 kV, 1 cm2, 4H-SiC PiN diode results. The SiC PiN diode was built on a 120 µm, 2×1014/cm3 doped n-type SiC drift layer with a device active area of 0.5175 cm2. Forward conduction of the PiN diode was characterized at temperatures from 20°C to 200°C. At high injection-current density (JF) of 350 ~ 400 A/cm2, the differential on-resistance (RON,diff) of the SiC PiN diode decreased from 6.08 mΩ·cm2 at 20°C to 5.12 mΩ·cm2 at 200°C, resulting in a very small average temperature coefficient of –5.33 µΩ·cm2/°C, while the forward voltage drop (VF) at 100 A/cm2 reduced from 4.77 V at 20°C to 4.17 V at 200°C. This is due to an increasing high-level carrier lifetime with an increase in temperature, resulting in reduced forward voltage drop. We also observed lower RON,diff at higher injection-current densities, suggesting that a higher carrier lifetime is needed in this lightly doped n-type SiC thick epi-layer in order to achieve full conductivity modulation. The anode to cathode reverse blocking leakage current was measured as 0.9 µA at 16 kV at room temperature.