Journal articles: 'UWB'

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Klünder, C., and J. L. ter Haseborg. "Untersuchung der Einkopplungen von UWB-Pulsen auf Funksysteme im 2,4-GHz-ISM-Band." Advances in Radio Science 8 (October 1, 2010): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-8-189-2010.

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Abstract. Dieser Bericht fasst die durchgeführten Messungen zur Abschätzung möglicher Kopplung elektromagnetischer Energie ausgehend von abgestrahlten UWB-Pulsen auf Funkübertragungssysteme im 2,4-GHz-ISM-Band zusammen. Dabei wird genauer auf die sogenannte Frontdoor- und Backdoorkopplung eingegangen. Während für die Abschätzung der Frontdoorkopplung generische PCB-Antennen untersucht wurden, sind für die Backdoorkopplung Standard-USB-Funkmodule zum Einsatz gekommen. Es wird im Gesamten eine Abschätzung gegeben, inwieweit UWB-Pulse Funkübertragungssysteme beeinflussen können. Die durchgeführten Messungen wurden mit Hilfe einer GTEM-Zelle in Verbindung mit dem UWB-Pulsgenerator PBG3 der Firma Kentech durchgeführt. Weiterhin sind die Auswirkungen von UWB-Pulsen auf ein reales Funkübertragungssystem im 2,4-GHz-ISM-Band untersucht worden.

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Kumar, Om Prakash, Pramod Kumar, Tanweer Ali, Pradeep Kumar, and Shweta Vincent. "Ultrawideband Antennas: Growth and Evolution." Micromachines 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13010060.

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Narrowband antennas fail to radiate short pulses of nano- or picosecond length over the broader band of frequencies. Therefore, Ultrawideband (UWB) technology has gained momentum over the past couple of years as it utilizes a wide range of frequencies, typically between 3.1–10.6 GHz. UWB antennas have been utilized for various applications such as ground-penetrating radars, disaster management through detection of unexploded mines, medical diagnostics, and commercial applications ranging from USB dongles to detection of cracks in highways and bridges. In the first section of the manuscript, UWB technology is detailed with its importance for future wireless communications systems. In the next section various types of UWB antennas and their design methodology are reviewed, and their important characteristics are highlighted. In section four the concept of a UWB notch antenna is presented. Here various methods to obtain the notch, such as slots, parasitic resonators, metamaterials, and filters are discussed in detail. In addition, various types of important notch antenna design with their technical specifications, advantages, and disadvantages are presented. Finally, the need of reconfigurable UWB notch antennas is discussed in the next section. Here various insight to the design of frequency reconfigurable notch antennas is discussed and presented. Overall, this article aims to showcase the beginnings of UWB technology, the reason for the emergence of notching in specific frequency bands, and ultimately the need for reconfiguring UWB antennas along with their usage.

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Han, Surina, Rongrui Wei, Daorina Han, Jixiao Zhu, Weizao Luo, Wuliji Ao, and Guoyue Zhong. "Hypouricemic Effects of Extracts from Urtica hyperborea Jacq. ex Wedd. in Hyperuricemia Mice through XOD, URAT1, and OAT1." BioMed Research International 2020 (January 30, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2968135.

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Urtica L. has been long used for gout in traditional Tibetan medicine and is closely related to the effect of reducing uric acid. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Urtica hyperborea Jacq. ex Wedd. (UW) on lowering uric acid and its mechanism by using HK2 cells and hyperuricemia mouse model. Petroleum ether extract (UWP), ethyl acetate extract (UWE), n-butanol extract (UWB), and alcohol-soluble extract (UWA) from UW were prepared, and HK2 cells were treated with various parts extracts to observe the expression of uric acid transporter at 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL for 24 h. Moreover, hyperuricemia mice were administered orally various parts extracts at 0.78 and 2.34 g/kg (crude drug dose converted by extraction rate) to observe the change of hepatic XOD, serum ADA, renal function, and uric acid transporter. In vitro experiments showed that UWA can remarkably elevate OAT1 expression and decrease URAT1 expression in HK2 cells. In vivo experiments showed that UWP, UWE, UWB, and UWA showed remarkable activity in reducing uric acid, rendering a substantial decline in the SUA level in hyperuricemia mice. Compared with the hyperuricemia and allopurinol groups, UWB and UWA had significant protective effects on renal injury. At the same time, UWA can significantly reduce the activity of XOD and ADA, reduce the expression of URAT1, and increase the expression of OAT1. These results indicated that UWA had an outstanding uric acid lowering effect and did not affect renal function. This may be related to increased uric acid excretion and decreased uric acid production, mediated by renal OAT1, URAT1, liver XOD, and serum ADA. UWA may be a potential drug against hyperuricemia.

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Lim, Yohan, Young Joong Yoon, and Byungwoon Jung. "Parasitic-Element-Loaded UWB Antenna with Band-Stop Function for Mobile Handset Wireless USB." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/427841.

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A UWB antenna loaded by parasitic elements for wireless USB of mobile handsets is proposed for UWB service in which a band-stop function of 5.725–5.825 GHz WLAN band is required. Two kinds of parasitic elements are incorporated into a rectangular radiator to obtain enhanced impedance bandwidth and band-stop function. The proposed antenna is very compact in size. Wide bandwidths of 3.15–4.75 GHz and 7.2–10.2 GHz are achieved while 5.725–5.825 GHz is notched. Three different shapes of conventional mobile terminals are also considered for measurement.

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Ubong, Uwem U., Akanimo D. Akpan, Ifiok O. Ekwere, and Ema-Ime J. Uwanta. "Human Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Water, Sediments and Edible Fish Species Collected from Idu-Uruan Beach, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria." Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International 27, no. 8 (July 20, 2023): 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i8698.

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Aim: This study evaluates human health risk assessment of trace metals particularly [Chromium(Cr), Copper(Cu), Manganese(Mn), Lead(Pb), and Zinc(Zn)] in water, sediments and edible fish species collected from Idu-Uruan Beach, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Study Design: Sediments, water and fish were collected from Esuk River Idu Uruan. Methodology: The water samples were collected in 1 liter sterile polyethylene plastic container in triplet. Sediments samples were also collected in triplicates from the same site where water samples were sampled and preserved in polyethylene bags. A total of 25 fish samples (5 of each species) were also randomly collected from Esuk River. The total samples collected were 29.The samples were digested with aqua regia (HCl and HNO3; 3:1) and analysed with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for Cu, Mn, Cr, Zn and Pb. Results: Results showed that trace metals were accumulated more in the gills than in the muscles as such consumption of the gills is more detrimental to health than the muscle. Trace metals were accumulated more in water collected at the bank of the river (UWB) than in water collected at the middle of the river(UWA) as such UWB was more polluted than UWA. Also trace metals were accumulated more in sediment collected at the bank of the river (USB) than in sediment collected at the middle of the river (USA), implying that USB was more polluted than USA. The estimated daily intake, hazard index and hazard quotient via ingestion pathway for all the investigated metals were less than unity. Conclusion: Water and sediments in Esuk River, Idu Uruan is not highly polluted. Frequent monitoring of the aquatic environment is advocated to detect and prevent cumulative effect of trace metal pollutants in edible fishes, which may result in health risk in humans.

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Labade, Rekha P., Avinash Tambe, Shankar Baburao Deosarkar, and Narayan Pisharoty. "PLANAR MONOPOLE UWB ANTENNA FOR USB DONGLE APPLICATION." Progress In Electromagnetics Research C 60 (2015): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierc15092303.

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Poulose, Alwin, and Dong Seog Han. "UWB Indoor Localization Using Deep Learning LSTM Networks." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 10, 2020): 6290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186290.

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Localization using ultra-wide band (UWB) signals gives accurate position results for indoor localization. The penetrating characteristics of UWB pulses reduce the multipath effects and identify the user position with precise accuracy. In UWB-based localization, the localization accuracy depends on the distance estimation between anchor nodes (ANs) and the UWB tag based on the time of arrival (TOA) of UWB pulses. The TOA errors in the UWB system, reduce the distance estimation accuracy from ANs to the UWB tag and adds the localization error to the system. The position accuracy of a UWB system also depends on the line of sight (LOS) conditions between the UWB anchors and tag, and the computational complexity of localization algorithms used in the UWB system. To overcome these UWB system challenges for indoor localization, we propose a deep learning approach for UWB localization. The proposed deep learning model uses a long short-term memory (LSTM) network for predicting the user position. The proposed LSTM model receives the distance values from TOA-distance model of the UWB system and predicts the current user position. The performance of the proposed LSTM model-based UWB localization system is analyzed in terms of learning rate, optimizer, loss function, batch size, number of hidden nodes, timesteps, and we also compared the mean localization accuracy of the system with different deep learning models and conventional UWB localization approaches. The simulation results show that the proposed UWB localization approach achieved a 7 cm mean localization error as compared to conventional UWB localization approaches.

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Immoreev, I. "About UWB." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 18, no. 11 (November 2003): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/maes.2003.1246581.

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Allen, B., M. Ghavami, H. Aghvami, and A. Armogida. "UWB technology." Communications Engineer 1, no. 5 (October 1, 2003): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ce:20030502.

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Jiang, Shaohua, Miroslaw J. Skibniewski, Yongbo Yuan, Chengshuang Sun, and Yujie Lu. "ULTRA-WIDE BAND APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY: A CRITICAL REVIEW / ULTRAPLAČIOS JUOSTOS BANGŲ TAIKYMAS PRAMONĖJE: KRITINĖ APŽVALGA." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 17, no. 3 (September 20, 2011): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2011.596317.

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As a radically distinct wireless communication approach compared to traditional narrow band systems, ULTRA-WIDE BAND (UWB) technology has been applied in various sectors and is gaining in popularity, but there appears to be a lack of systematic summary of the potential of this technology. To provide insights into UWB technology for the uninitiated reader, this paper explores the state-of-the-art research and development of UWB applications in many sectors including the construction industry without concerning the technological details. First this paper presents the key concepts related to UWB technology and a brief history of UWB. Then it summarizes the UWB's technical features which enable its popularity in industry. Finally, application examples of UWB technology in many sectors, including construction, are presented to analyze and highlight the impact on the industry performance. In the near future UWB technology is expected to become a very important component and have far-reaching impact in ubiquitous computing. Santrauka Bevielio ryšio ultraplačios juostos bangų (UWB) technologija, radikaliai besiskirianti nuo tradicinės siauros juostos sistemų, buvo plačiai taikoma įvairiuose sektoriuose ir tampa vis populiaresnė, tačiau akivaizdu, kad vis dar trūksta susistemintos šios technologijos galimybių apžvalgos. Siekiant pateikti įžvalgas apie UWB technologiją, šiame straipsnyje analizuojami dabartiniai UWB technologijos tyrimai ir UWB taikymas įvairiuose sektoriuose, įskaitant statybą, nenagrinėjant technologinių detalių. Pirmiausia šiame straipsnyje pristatomos pagrindinės sąvokos, susijusios su UWB technologija ir UWB technologijos istorine raida. Tada susisteminamos techninės UWB technologijos charakteristikos, kurios lemia jos populiarumą pramonėje. Galiausiai analizuojami UWB technologijos taikymo pavyzdžiai įvairiuose sektoriuose, įskaitant statybą, atkreipiant dėmesį į jų poveikį pramonės veiklai. Netolimoje ateityje UWB technologija turėtų tapti labai svarbi ir turėti ilgalaikį poveikį visuotinei kompiuterizacijai.

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Elabboubi, Adil, Fouzia Elbahhar, Marc Heddebaut, and Yassin El Hillali. "DS-UWB and TH-UWB Energy Consumption Comparison." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2016.1.710.

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The energy consumption of the wireless communication systems is starting to be unaffordable. One way to improve the power consumption is the optimization of the communication techniques used by the communication networks and devices. In order to develop an energy efficient UWB multi-user communication system, the choice of modulation and multi access technique is important. This paper compares two Ultra-wideband multi-user techniques, i.e. the DS-UWB and the TH-UWB in the case of the Nakagami-m fading channel. For the DS-UWB technique, the orthogonal (T-OVSF, ZCD) and non-orthogonal (Kasami) codes are used. For TH-UWB, authors consider different modulations (PPM, PSM, PAM). This comparison allows choosing the best solution in terms of energy consumption, data rate and communication range. Two different studies are realized to find the most efficient technique to use. In the first study, the same number of users for the different type of codes (data rate values) is chosen and the total energy consumption for several distances and path-loss coefficient is computed. In the second one, the multiusers effects (same data rate) for various values of distances and path-loss are evaluated.

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Nursal, Firdaus, Rahmadi Kurnia, and Ikhwana Elfitri. "Ultra Wideband (UWB) Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) Antenna Design : A Review." Andalas Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology 3, no. 1 (May 15, 2023): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ajeeet.v3i1.33.

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Since the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) issued a license for the 3.1 – 10.6 GHz frequency spectrum for unlicensed radio applications, many papers have been published regarding ultrawideband (UWB) antenna design. The issue of UWB antenna design is determining how to create an antenna with a wide bandwidth, capable of rejecting communication systems that coexist with UWB bands, and capable of designing UWB antennas for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication system applications. This study examines the design of UWB antennas with monopole and slot types based on evaluations published over the last two decades. The discussion began with UWB and MIMO systems and then moved on to the configuration of monopole and slot UWB antennas. UWB antenna layout with notched bands and the several types of notched bands available. Finally, two port and quad-port MIMO antenna configuration is examined. To further understand UWB antenna design, numerous UWB antenna configurations are simulated. The outcomes of this review can be utilized as preliminary reading material for researchers looking into UWB antennas.

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Liao, Z., Z. Zheng, and Y. Li. "IMPLEMENTATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF INDOOR WEARABLE UWB/INS INTEGRATION POSITIONING METHOD." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-3/W1-2022 (April 22, 2022): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-3-w1-2022-111-2022.

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Abstract. Aiming at the problem that the Ultra-Wide-Band (UWB) positioning accuracy is reduced in the Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) environment, a UWB positioning accuracy evaluation mechanism is introduced. This paper analyzes the geometric distribution of UWB equipment theoretically to evaluate the positioning accuracy of the UWB system. Furthermore, it optimizes the geometric distribution of UWB and optimizes the UWB positioning algorithm model to improve the positioning accuracy. A set of UWB positioning accuracy estimation process is proposed. Through theoretical analysis and simulation, a model of the influence of the geometric distribution of base stations on the UWB positioning precision is established. The obtained model provides a reference for setting and adjusting the measurement noise in the Kalman filter for UWB/Inertial Navigation System (INS) integration positioning, which improves the combined positioning accuracy.

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Chi, X., G. Wu, J. Liu, J. Xu, and Qi Lu. "Review on Ultra Wide Band Indoor Localization." Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering and Design (IJoCED) 2, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35806/ijoced.v2i2.118.

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Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) is an important means of indoor positioning. Carrying out the research of UWB is of great significance to the development of indoor positioning technology. This article gives a review of the application of UWB in indoor positioning. The motivation and development status of UWB are introduced. UWB localization algorithms such as received signal strength indication, time of arrival, time difference of arrival are analyzed one by one. In this paper, the derivations of the algorithm are summarized. Several technical difficulties of UWB technology development and future development of UWB are presented. This paper provides researchers with a clear insight into the UWB indoor positioning system so that they can further develop other advanced techniques.

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Zhang, Shuang, Zhi Gang Zhu, and Jiang Biao Wu. "Multiuser Interference Resisting of Ultra Wide Band Based on Independent Component Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 1062–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.1062.

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When several ultra-wide band (UWB) communication systems coexist, multiuser interferences (MUI) are unavoidable. To cope with the MUI of UWB systems, the independent of UWB signals are investigated and a novel receiving method is proposed. At first several antennas are utilized to receive the transmitted signals of different UWB users, and the mixture signals are gained. Then the mixed signals are separated by independent component analysis algorithm to recover the transmitted signals of each UWB users. Finally, the information of each UWB users transmitted is demodulated. Computer simulations show that the proposed method can efficiently resist the interference of different UWB users.

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Wu, Ruxin, Shuyuan Ming, and Fei Huang. "Guanxi and Unethical Behavior in the Chinese Workplace: Job Satisfaction As a Mediator." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 47, no. 3 (March 31, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.7294.

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We explored the effects of guanxi prevalence and guanxi practices on 3 types of unethical work behavior (UWB), proposing that job satisfaction would mediate the relationship between guanxi in the workplace and employees' UWB. Data were collected from 379 employees working for companies in China. Results of hierarchical regression analysis revealed that guanxi prevalence had a positive relationship with property-related UWB and conventional and minor (ordinary) UWB, such as doing personal business in company time. Guanxi practices had a significant positive relationship with violation of laws and regulations, property-related UWB, and ordinary UWB. Both guanxi prevalence and guanxi practices had a significantly negative relationship with job satisfaction, and job satisfaction had a significant negative correlation with violation of laws and regulations, property-related UWB, and ordinary UWB. Job satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between guanxi prevalence and ordinary UWB. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

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Saeidi, Tale, Idris Ismail, Wong Peng Wen, Adam R. H. Alhawari, and Ahmad Mohammadi. "Ultra-Wideband Antennas for Wireless Communication Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (April 22, 2019): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7918765.

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A review paper concerning wide-band and ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas used for wireless communication purposes in terms of the materials as well as a numerical analysis is presented. These antennas which are taken into account are listed as wide-band microstrip antenna, wide-band monopole antenna over a plate, wide-slot UWB antenna, stacked patch UWB antenna, taper slot (TSA) UWB antenna, metamaterial (MTM) structure UWB antennas, elliptical printed monopole UWB antenna, and flexible wearable UWB antenna. The antennas’ performance is compared based on their size and how they can be applicable for portable communication device applications. This review paper furnishes a proper direction to select varieties of figures in terms of impedance bandwidth, gain, directivity, dimensions, time domain characteristics, and materials affecting these antenna’s characteristics.

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Ahmed, Sharif, Tan Kim Geok, Mohamad Yusoff Alias, Ferdous Hossain, Hussein Alsariera, Azlan Abdaziz, and Ping Jack Soh. "A UWB Antenna Array Integrated with Multimode Resonator Bandpass Filter." Electronics 10, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10050607.

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This paper presents a novel design of a modified ultrawideband (UWB) antenna array integrated with a multimode resonator bandpass filter. First, a single UWB antenna is modified and studied, using a P-shape radiated patch instead of a full elliptical patch, for wide impedance bandwidth and high realized gain. Then, a two-element UWB antenna array is developed based on this modified UWB antenna with an inter-element spacing of 0.35 λL, in which λL is the free space wavelength at the lower UWB band edge of 3.1 GHz, compared to 0.27 λL of a reference UWB antenna array designed using a traditional elliptical patch shape. The partial ground plane is designed with a trapezoidal angle to enhance matching throughout the UWB frequency range. The mutual coupling reduction of a modified UWB antenna array enhances the reflection coefficient, bandwidth, and realized gain, maintaining the same size of 1.08 λ0 × 1.08 λ0 × 0.035 λ0 at 6.5 GHz center frequency as that of the reference UWB antenna array. The UWB antenna array performance is investigated at different inter-element spacing distances between the radiated elements. To add filtering capability to the UWB antenna array and eliminate interference from the out-of-band frequencies, a multimode resonator (MMR) bandpass filter (BPF) is incorporated in the feedline while maintaining a compact size. The measurement results showed a close agreement with simulated results. The proposed UWB filtering antenna array design achieved a wide fractional bandwidth of more than 109.87%, a high realized gain of more than 7.4 dBi, and a compact size of 1.08 λ0 × 1.08 λ0 × 0.035 λ0 at 6.5 GHz center frequency. These advantages make the proposed antenna suitable for UWB applications such as indoor tracking, radar systems and positioning applications.

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Kumar Ramachandragowda, Santhosh, Devaraju Ramakrishna, and Rajashree Narendra. "An efficient ultra-wideband digital transceiver for wireless applications on the field-programmable gate array platform." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 4 (August 1, 2023): 4432. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i4.pp4432-4440.

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The ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is a promising short-range communication technology for most wireless applications. The UWB works at higher frequencies and is affected by interferences with the same frequency standards. This manuscript has designed an efficient and low-cost implementation of IEEE 802.15.4a-based UWB-digital transceiver (DTR). The design module contains UWB transmitter (TX), channel, and UWB-receiver (RX) units. Convolutional encoding and modulation units like burst position modulation and binary phase-shift keying modulation are used to construct the UWB-TX. The synchronization and Viterbi decoder units are used to recover the original data bits and are affected by noise in UWB-RX. The UWB-DTR is synthesized using Xilinx ISE® environment with Verilog hardware description language (HDL) and implemented on Artix-7 field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The UWB-DTR utilizes less than 2% (slices and look-up table/LUTs), operates at 268 MHz, and consumes 91 mW of total power on FPGA. The transceiver achieves a 6.86 Mbps data rate, which meets the IEEE 802.15.4a standard. The UWB-DTR module obtains the bit error rate (BER) of 2×10-4 by transmitting 105 data bits. The UWB-DTR module is compared with similar physical layer (PHY) transceivers with improvements in chip area (slices), power, data rate, and BER.

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Qu, Junwei. "A review of UWB indoor positioning." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2669, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2669/1/012003.

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Abstract With the development of science and technology, more accurate and stable location information can better serve people’s lives. As people spend more time indoors, traditional positioning technologies such as Wi-Fi can no longer meet their needs due to a lack of positioning accuracy and interference resistance. UWB is an emerging positioning technology with high accuracy, robustness, and stability. This paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of UWB technology with those of Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. Common UWB geometric positioning methods such as TOA, TDOA, etc. are introduced. By introducing the latest research progress in UWB indoor positioning, an outlook on the future development of UWB indoor positioning is made. Compared with Bluetooth and other indoor positioning technologies, UWB positioning technology has the advantages of high positioning accuracy and good anti-interference. The UWB positioning system usually uses TOA, TDOA, AOA, and other positioning algorithms. In the future, UWB positioning technology will serve more and more complex positioning environments.

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Huyen, Nguyen Thi, Nguyen Le Cuong, and Pham Thanh Hiep. "Proposal of UWB-PPM with Additional Time Shift for Positioning Technique in Nondestructive Environments." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 30, 2020): 6011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10176011.

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The ultra-wide band (UWB) technology has many advantages in positioning and measuring systems; however, powers of UWB signals rapidly reduce while traveling in propagation environments, hence detecting UWB signals are difficult. Various modulation techniques are applied for UWB signals to increase the ability for detecting the reflected signal from transmission mediums, such as pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), pulse position modulation (PPM), and so on. In this paper, we propose an ultra-wide band pulse position modulation technique with optimized additional time shift (UWB-PPM-ATS) to enhance the accuracy in locating buried object in nondestructive environments. Moreover, the Levenberg–Marquardt Fletcher algorithm (LMFA) is applied to determine the medium parameters and buried object location simultaneously. The influences of proposed modulation technique on determining system’s parameters, such as a propagation time, distance, and properties of the medium are analyzed. Calculation results indicate that the proposed UWB-PPM-ATS gives higher accuracy than the conventional one such as UWB-OOK and UWB-PPM in both homogeneous and heterogeneous environments. Furthermore, the LMFA with the proposed UWB-PPM-ATS outperforms the LMFA with the traditional modulation method, especially for unknown propagation environment.

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Shantona, Shanjida, Pran Kanai Saha, and Md. Tawfiq Amin. "Design and Analysis of Impulse Radio (IR) Based UWB Transmitter with Antenna." MIST INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 10 (December 29, 2022): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.47981/j.mijst.10(03)2022.337(01-09).

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The use of ultra-wideband (UWB) in target detection, radar and wireless connectivity, specifically in the medical world, has attracted a lot of attention. The concept that the IR-UWB system does not necessarily require carrier signals is one of its most appealing features. IR-UWB can transmit information using short Gaussian monocycle pulses. In light of these advantages, this paper proposes a novel UWB transmitter system which consists of UWB signal generating circuits and UWB antenna, which work together to create entire UWB transmitter. It is based on impulses and has a simple architecture with low power consumption. The proposed transmitter is realized in Cadence tools with 90nm CMOS technology and proposed UWB antenna is simulated using Advanced Design System (ADS) simulator software. In addition, the transmitter circuit and the antenna are co-simulated using ADS software. The illustrated UWB transmitter uses a low-power supply and generates pulse amplitude with pulse duration of for the Gaussian monocycle pulse. Due to its increased output voltage swing and reduced power consumption when comparing to other circuits, the proposed architecture is functional and suitable for use in short-range wireless networks and medical applications.

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MIR-MOGHTADAEI, SAYED VAHID, ALI FOTOWAT-AHMADY, and ABOLGHASEM ZEIDAABADI NEZHAD. "A NEW IR-UWB PULSE FOR THE COMPATIBILITY OF IEEE802.11.a WLAN AND IR-UWB SYSTEMS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 23, no. 02 (February 2014): 1450024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614500248.

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A new ultra wideband (UWB) pulse shape is proposed to mitigate coexistence issues of IEEE802.11.a WLAN and impulse radio UWB (IR-UWB) systems. The proposed method is applicable to the reduction of mutual interference of UWB and any given narrowband (NB) systems. This pulse shape is based on frequency up-converting of the first derivative of the Gaussian pulse which has an adjustable null in power spectral density (PSD) depending on the up-converting frequency. Analytical and simulation results show that both UWB and WLAN systems have noticeable improved performance when using the proposed pulse in comparison with using conventional modulated Gaussian (MG) pulse in UWB system. The new pulse does not reduce the throughput of the UWB system and does not require modification of the NB system. The proposed transmitter circuit block diagram has been presented at the conclusion.

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Yao, Haoyuan, Huijun Huang, and Jinyong Fang. "Comparative Study on Modulation Modes of UWB communication." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2530, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2530/1/012019.

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Abstract Ultra wideband (UWB) communication technology is a communication technology that uses a very short time scale to transmit information. It has the advantages of a high transmission rate, low power consumption, and good privacy. In this paper, the basic principle of UWB technology is briefly described, several common UWB technologies are emphatically expounded, and the characteristics of each technology and their advantages and disadvantages are compared. At the same time, this article focuses on the difference between IR-UWB and DS-UWB

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Arfianto, Andri, Nurhayati Nurhayati, Lilik Anifah, and I. Gusti Putu Asto Buditjahjanto. "Optimasi Kinerja Antena Mikrostrip Dengan Modifikasi Patch dan Ground Plane Untuk Aplikasi Ultra-wideband (UWB)." JURNAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO 11, no. 1 (June 13, 2022): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jte.v11n1.p155-162.

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Dalam dunia teknologi telekomunikasi, khususnya antena Ultra-wideband (UWB) telah banyak digunakan untuk aplikasi telekomunikasi radio dan radar. Antena mikrostrip UWB memiliki beberapa keunggulan diantaranya memiliki dimensi relatif kecil, daya pancar yang rendah, dan mudah difabrikasi. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui optimasi kinerja antena mikrostrip dengan modifikasi patch dan ground plane untuk aplikasi UWB. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan komputasi elektromagnetik. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, dengan desain patch berbentuk persegi panjang dengan potongan segitiga dan slot berbentuk L pada ground plane, sehingga didapatkan antena yang mampu bekerja pada frekuensi UWB. Antena mikrostrip UWB ini memiliki dimensi 28 mm x 32 mm x 1,6 mm dengan fabrikasi menggunakan bahan substrat FR-4 dengan konstanta dielektrik (εr) = 4.3. Hasil simulasi antena mikrostrip UWB dengan potongan segitiga dan L-slot pada ground plane menunjukkan bahwa antena tersebut dapat bekerja pada frekuensi UWB dari 2,83 GHz hingga 10,92 GHz. Nilai gain tertinggi dihasilkan pada frekuensi 9 GHz sebesar 4,29 dBi dengan polarisasi elips dengan jenis pola radiasi omnidirectional.Kata Kunci : Antena, UWB, Mikrostrip, Parsial Ground, Slot berbentuk L

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Liu, Ang, Jianguo Wang, Shiwei Lin, and Xiaoying Kong. "A Dynamic UKF-Based UWB/Wheel Odometry Tightly Coupled Approach for Indoor Positioning." Electronics 13, no. 8 (April 17, 2024): 1518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13081518.

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The centimetre-level accuracy of Ultra-wideband (UWB) has attracted significant attention in indoor positioning. However, the precision of UWB positioning is severely compromised by non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions that arise from complex indoor environments. On the other hand, odometry is widely applicable to wheeled robots due to its reliable short-term accuracy and high sampling frequency, but it suffers from long-term drift. This paper proposes a tightly coupled fusion method with a Dynamic Unscented Kalman Filter (DUKF), which utilises odometry to identify and mitigate NLOS effects on UWB measurements. Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP) was introduced to assess the impact of geometric distribution between robots and UWB anchors on UWB positioning accuracy. By dynamically adjusting UKF parameters based on NLOS condition, HDOP values, and robot motion status, the proposed method achieves excellent UWB positioning results in a severe NLOS environment, which enables UWB positioning even when only one line-of-sight (LOS) UWB anchor is available. Experimental results under severe NLOS conditions demonstrate that the proposed system achieves a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of approximately 7.5 cm.

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Zhu, Wenjie, Rongyong Zhao, Hao Zhang, Jianfeng Lu, Zhishu Zhang, Bingyu Wei, and Yuhang Fan. "Improved Indoor Positioning Model Based on UWB/IMU Tight Combination with Double-Loop Cumulative Error Estimation." Applied Sciences 13, no. 18 (September 6, 2023): 10046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131810046.

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With the increasing applications of UWB indoor positioning technologies in industrial areas, to further enhance the positioning precision, the UWB/IMU combination method (UICM) has been considered as one of the most effective solutions to reduce non-line-of-sight (NLOS) errors. However, most conversional UICMs suffer from a high probability of positioning failure due to uncontrollable and cumulative errors from inertial measuring units (IMU). Hence, to address this issue, we improved the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm of an indoor positioning model based on UWB/IMU tight combination with a double-loop error self-correction. Compared with conventional UICMs, this improved model consists of new modules for fixing time desynchronization, optimizing the threshold setting for UWB ranging, data fusion in NLOS, and double-loop error estimation, sequentially. Further, systematic error controllability analysis proved that the proposed model could satisfy the controllability of UWB indoor positioning systems. To validate this improved UICM, inevitable obstacles and atmospheric interferences were regarded as Gaussian white noises to verify its environmental adaptability. Finally, the experimental results showed that this proposed model outperformed the state-of-the-art UWB-based positioning models with a maximum deviation of 0.232 m (reduced by 83.93% compared to a pure UWB model and 43.14% compared to the conventional UWB/IMU model) and standard deviation of 0.09981 m (reduced by 88.35% compared to a pure UWB model and 22.21% compared to the conventional UWB-IMU model).

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Yousef, K., H. Jia, R. Pokharel, A. Allam, M. Ragab, H. Kanaya, and K. Yoshida. "CMOS Ultra-Wideband Low Noise Amplifier Design." International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology 2013 (April 30, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/328406.

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This paper presents the design of ultra-wideband low noise amplifier (UWB LNA). The proposed UWB LNA whose bandwidth extends from 2.5 GHz to 16 GHz is designed using a symmetric 3D RF integrated inductor. This UWB LNA has a gain of 11 ± 1.0 dB and a NF less than 3.3 dB. Good input and output impedance matching and good isolation are achieved over the operating frequency band. The proposed UWB LNA is driven from a 1.8 V supply. The UWB LNA is designed and simulated in standard TSMC 0.18 µm CMOS technology process.

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Rashid, Nasr, and Mohamed Shehata. "Ultra-wide band energy harvesting for ultra-low power electronics applications." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1158-1165.

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In this work, the feasibility of energy harvesting in the useful UWB band (i.e., 3.1-10.6 GHz) is analytically investigated. A typical UWB communications/EH chain in this band is modeled and analyzed, considering the spectral constraints imposed by the federal communications commission (FCC) to UWB signaling. Based on the developed model, accurate analytical expressions are derived for the average received powers of two common types of impulse radio UWB (IR-UWB) signaling waveforms. Numerical simulations on the system-level show excellent agreement with the obtained analytical expressions. Moreover, the DC power levels expected from spectrally constrained IR-UWB waveforms are extremely low (less than 0.3 microwatt) and, accordingly, provide useful guidelines for the design and development of ULP electronics applications in the sub-microwatt range.

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Fan, Qigao, Yaheng Wu, Jing Hui, Lei Wu, Zhenzhong Yu, and Lijuan Zhou. "Integrated Navigation Fusion Strategy of INS/UWB for Indoor Carrier Attitude Angle and Position Synchronous Tracking." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/215303.

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In some GPS failure conditions, positioning for mobile target is difficult. This paper proposed a new method based on INS/UWB for attitude angle and position synchronous tracking of indoor carrier. Firstly, error model of INS/UWB integrated system is built, including error equation of INS and UWB. And combined filtering model of INS/UWB is researched. Simulation results show that the two subsystems are complementary. Secondly, integrated navigation data fusion strategy of INS/UWB based on Kalman filtering theory is proposed. Simulation results show that FAKF method is better than the conventional Kalman filtering. Finally, an indoor experiment platform is established to verify the integrated navigation theory of INS/UWB, which is geared to the needs of coal mine working environment. Static and dynamic positioning results show that the INS/UWB integrated navigation system is stable and real-time, positioning precision meets the requirements of working condition and is better than any independent subsystem.

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Lv, Ziteng, Xin Zhang, Dongdong Chen, Di Li, Xianglong Wang, Tianlong Zhao, Yintang Yang, Yanbo Zhao, and Xin Zhang. "The Development and Progress of the UWB Physical Layer." Micromachines 14, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14010008.

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Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology has been applied in many fields, such as radar and indoor positioning, because of its advantages of having a high transmission rate, anti-multipath interference, and good concealment. In the UWB physical layer, the transmitting link, including an encoder and a pulse generator, is used to improve the anti-interference ability of the signal, while the receiving link, including a receiver and a decoder, can correct the error signal. Therefore, the performance of the UWB physical layer can obviously affect the speed and quality of UWB signal transmission. In this paper, the structure and performance of the codec and transceiver of the UWB physical layer are introduced and compared. In addition, some typical architectures and features are summarized and discussed, which provides a valuable reference and suggestions for the design of the UWB physical layer. Finally, the outlook of the UWB physical layer is presented: its development direction mainly includes high speed, low power consumption, and fewer hardware resources.

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Al-Gburi, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah, Zahriladha Zakaria, Imran Mohd Ibrahim, Muhammad Firdaus Akbar, Aymen Dheyaa Khaleel Al-Obaidi, and Asma Khabba. "A parametric study on strawberry radiated shaped monopole antenna for ultrawide-band applications." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i1.4547.

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This article gives a parametric study on strawberry-shaped monopole antennas for ultra-wideband (UWB) systems. The antenna design consisted of three different parametric design steps to structure the strawberry radiated monopole antenna. The scheduled strawberry monopole antenna was simulated on an FR4 substrate in a low profile for UWB applications. The total physical dimension is 26 mm×26 mm×1.6 mm, corresponding to the centre frequency of 7.5 GHz. The strawberry antenna is fed via a coplanar waveguide (CPW) to attain the best impedance matching for UWB systems. The presented monopole antenna has an impedance UWB bandwidth of 11.0 GHz from 2.6 GHz up to 13.6 GHz at −10 dB return loss. The simulated UWB strawberry monopole antenna displays an omnidirectional radiation behaviour with a simulated gain of 7.3 dB at 13.6 GHz, a directivity of 7.5 dBi at 13.6 GHz and favourable radiation efficiency of 97%. The proposed monopole UWB strawberry antenna has the technological possibility to be used for UWB applications.

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Lv, Hao, Teng Jiao, Yang Zhang, Fulai Liang, Fugui Qi, and Jianqi Wang. "A Novel Method for Breath Detection via Stepped-Frequency Continuous Wave Ultra-Wideband (SFCW UWB) Radars Based on Operational Bandwidth Segmentation." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 10, 2018): 3873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113873.

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Human being detection via ultra-wideband (UWB) radars has shown great prospects in many areas, such as biomedicine, military operation, public security, emergency rescue, and so on. When a person stays stationary, the main feature that separates him/her from surroundings is the movement of chest wall due to breath. There have been many algorithms developed for breath detection while using UWB radars. However, those algorithms were almost based on a basic scheme that focused on processing in the time dimension of UWB data. They did not utilize the benefits from the wide operational bandwidth of UWB radars to show potential superiority over those narrowband systems such as a continuous wave (CW) Doppler radar. In this paper, a breath detection method was proposed based on operational bandwidth segmentation. A basic theoretical model was firstly introduced, indicating that characteristics of breath signals contained in UWB echoes were consistent among the operational frequencies, while those of clutters were not. So, the method divided a set of UWB echo data into a number of subsets, each of which corresponded to a sub-band within the operational bandwidth of the UWB radar. Thus information about the operational frequency is provided for subsequent processing. With the aid of the information, a breath enhancement algorithm was developed mainly by averaging the segmented UWB data along the operational frequency. The algorithm’s performance was verified by data measured by a stepped-frequency CW (SFCW) UWB radar. The experimental results showed that the algorithm performed better than that without the segmentation. They also showed its feasibility for fast detection of breath based on a short duration of data. Moreover, the method’s potential for target identification and impulse-radio (IR) UWB radar was investigated. In summary, the method provides a new processing scheme for UWB radars when they are used for breath detection. With this scheme, the UWB radars have a benefit of greater flexibility in data processing over those narrowband radars, and thus will perform more effectively and efficiently in practical applications.

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SUKSMONO, ANDRIYAN BAYU, and AKIRA HIROSE. "BEAMFORMING OF ULTRA-WIDEBAND PULSES BY A COMPLEX-VALUED SPATIO-TEMPORAL MULTILAYER NEURAL NETWORK." International Journal of Neural Systems 15, no. 01n02 (February 2005): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065705000128.

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We present a neuro-beamformer of ultra-wideband (UWB) pulses employing complex-valued spatio-temporal multilayer neural network, where complex-valued backpropagation through time (CV-BPTT) is used as a learning algorithm. The system performance is evaluated with a UWB monocycle pulse. Simulation results in suppressing multiple UWB interferers and in steering to multiple desired UWB pulses, demonstrates the applicability of the proposed system.

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Sun, Tie Jun, Wei Dong Yang, Yan Ming Cheng, Feng Yun Duan, and Hong Tao Mi. "The Interference Impact of UWB Sensor on Mobile Station of 3G Mobile System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 2037–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.2037.

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This paper presents the interference impact of Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) sensor using frequency of 3.5 GHz on 3G mobile system in Korea. The Minimum Coupling Loss (MCL) method and Spectrum Engineering Advanced Monte Carlo Analysis Tool (SEAMCAT) were used to evaluate the interference impacts of UWB sensor on 3G mobile system. The minimum allowable distance between UWB interferer and the victim receiver is required 0.09 m in indoor environment; in the case of multiple UWB interferers in outdoor environment, the maximum allowable UWB transmitting Power Spectral Density (PSD) should be-93.1 dBm/MHz below to guarantee co-existence with 3G mobile system.

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Xiao, Jian Kang, Wu Zhu, Yong Li, and Wei Zhao. "Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Bandpass Filter Using Multi-Mode SIR." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.241.

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New ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filters are proposed by using stepped-impendence resonators (SIRs) and stub-loaded SIRs, aiming at transmitting the signals in the whole UWB passband of 3.1GHz-10.6GHz. Each of the proposed UWB filters consists of two parallel but oppositely arranged compact SIR with tri or quad-section or stub-loaded SIR. In the design, the first two or three resonances of the proposed resonators are properly adjusted to be placed within the UWB. In order to enhance the coupling degree, pairs of quarter-wavelength parallel-coupled lines are longitudinally stretched in both the input and output sides. The UWB bandpass filters behave multiple transmission poles and good return loss of no less than 15dB. A proposed UWB filter is fabricated and measured, and the experiment demonstrates the design.

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Kaiser, T. "On UWB beamforming." Advances in Radio Science 2 (May 27, 2005): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-2-163-2004.

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Abstract. Ultra-Wideband (UWB) communication systems and Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) techniques rank among the few emerging key technologies in wireless communications. For that reason the marriage of these two complementary approaches should deserve attention. Apparently, the extremely large ultra-wide bandwidth creates rich multipath diversity which calls, at a first glance, additional antenna elements into question. However, another point of view is as follows. The attenuation by solid materials usually increases with increasing frequency; e.g. frequencies above, say, 10 GHz are considered to be blocked by walls etc. Since UWB can occupy more than 7 GHz of bandwidth (according to FCC regularisation) the performance of a communication link can be physically extended only by adding spatial information, i.e. multiple antennas, even if such extension may play a minor role. From this point of view UWB& MIMO presents an upper physical bound for indoor communications and is therefore at least worth to be investigated. In order to see the forest for the trees, we will focus in this limited contribution on beamforming among all alternative MIMO techniques (like space time coding or spatial multiplexing).

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Mincica, Martina, Domenico Pepe, and Domenico Zito. "CMOS UWB Multiplier." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 58, no. 9 (September 2011): 570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2011.2161175.

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Lynch, A. E. Douglas, B. Gerard Geneilo, and C. Michael Wicks. "UWB Perimeter Surveillance." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 22, no. 1 (January 2007): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/maes.2007.327533.

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Li, Jie, Jiameng Xue, Di Fu, Chao Gui, and Xingsong Wang. "Position Estimation and Error Correction of Mobile Robots Based on UWB and Multisensors." Journal of Sensors 2022 (March 11, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7071466.

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Since there are many interferences in the indoor environment, it is difficult to achieve the precise positioning of the mobile robot using a single sensor. This paper presents a position estimation and positioning error correction method of mobile robots based on multisensor data. The robot’s positioning sensor includes ultra-wideband (UWB) components, inertial measurement unit (IMU), and encoders. UWB multipath interference causes more ranging errors, which can be reduced by the correction equation after data fitting. The real-time coordinates of the UWB robot tag can be calculated based on multiple UWB anchor data and the least squares method. The coordinate data x c , y c are acquired by UWB positioning subsystem, and the velocity data x ̇ c , y ̇ c are collected by IMU together with encoders. The multisensor data continuously update Kalman filter and estimate robot position. In the positioning process, the positioning data of different sensors can be mutually corrected and supplemented. The results of UWB ranging correction experiments indicate that data fitting can improve the UWB positioning accuracy. In the multisensor positioning experiments, compared with a single sensor, the positioning method based on data fusion of UWB, IMU, and encoders has higher accuracy and adaptability. When UWB signals are interfered or invalid, other sensors can still work normally and complete the robot positioning process. The multisensor positioning method not only improves the robot positioning accuracy but also has stronger environmental adaptability.

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Gao, Zhouzheng, Lin Chen, Yu Min, Jie Lv, and You Li. "Evaluation on Nonholonomic Constraints and Rauch–Tung–Striebel Filter-Enhanced UWB/INS Integration." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (October 13, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7274181.

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Precise and seamless positioning is becoming a basic requirement for the Internet of Things (IoT). However, there is a gap for precise positioning in Global Navigation Satellite System- (GNSS-) denied indoor areas. Thus, a multisensor integration system based on ultrawide-band (UWB), inertial navigation system (INS), nonholonomic constraints (NHCs), and Rauch–Tung–Striebel (RTS) smoother is proposed. In this system, the UWB performs as the major precise positioning system, while the INS bridges the UWB-degraded and UWB-denied periods. Meanwhile, the NHC restrains the drifts of INS, while the RTS smoother further upgrades the navigation accuracy. The contributions of this article are as follows. First, it presents the robust least square- (RLS-) based UWB positioning. The proposed method is effective in mitigating the impact of the effect of non-line-of-sight (NLOS), which is one of the most significant error sources for UWB positioning. Second, it derives the mathematical model of the UWB/INS/NHC/RTS integration, which is new compared to the existing approaches. Results illustrate that the proposed system can provide centimeter-level positioning accuracy, millimeter-level velocimetry accuracy, and accuracy of better than 0.05 and 0.15 degrees for horizontal and vertical attitude angles, respectively. Even in the scenario with short-term UWB outages (30 s), simulation results show that the three-dimensional position still can be better than 20 cm. Such accuracy values reach the state-of-the-art for indoor positioning using UWB and INS.

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Doshi, Twinkle, and Upena Dalal. "Novel DS-UWB Partial RAKE Receiver Over Different UWB Channels." IETE Journal of Research 61, no. 6 (July 24, 2015): 649–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2014.984645.

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Li, L., Z. L. Zhou, and J. S. Hong. "Compact UWB antenna with four band-notches for UWB applications." Electronics Letters 47, no. 22 (2011): 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2011.2334.

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Lee, Seung-Mok. "Ultrawideband (UWB)-based precise short-range localization for wireless power transfer to electric vehicles in parking environments." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (May 27, 2021): e567. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.567.

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As the necessity of wireless charging to support the popularization of electric vehicles (EVs) emerges, the development of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system for EV wireless charging is rapidly progressing. The WPT system requires alignment between the transmitter coils installed on the parking lot floor and the receiver coils in the vehicle. To automatically align the two sets of coils, the WPT system needs a localization technology that can precisely estimate the vehicle’s pose in real time. This paper proposes a novel short-range precise localization method based on ultrawideband (UWB) modules for application to WPT systems. The UWB module is widely used as a localization sensor because it has a high accuracy while using low power. In this paper, the minimum number of UWB modules consisting of two UWB anchors and two UWB tags that can determine the vehicle’s pose is derived through mathematical analysis. The proposed localization algorithm determines the vehicle’s initial pose by globally optimizing the collected UWB distance measurements and estimates the vehicle’s pose by fusing the vehicle’s wheel odometry data and the UWB distance measurements. To verify the performance of the proposed UWB-based localization method, we perform various simulations and real vehicle-based experiments.

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Hyun, Jieum, and Hyun Myung. "NR-UIO: NLOS-Robust UWB-Inertial Odometry Based on Interacting Multiple Model and NLOS Factor Estimation." Sensors 21, no. 23 (November 26, 2021): 7886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237886.

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Recently, technology utilizing ultra-wideband (UWB) sensors for robot localization in an indoor environment where the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) cannot be used has begun to be actively studied. UWB-based positioning has the advantage of being able to work even in an environment lacking feature points, which is a limitation of positioning using existing vision- or LiDAR-based sensing. However, UWB-based positioning requires the pre-installation of UWB anchors and the precise location of coordinates. In addition, when using a sensor that measures only the one-dimensional distance between the UWB anchor and the tag, there is a limitation whereby the position of the robot is solved but the orientation cannot be acquired. To overcome this, a framework based on an interacting multiple model (IMM) filter that tightly integrates an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor and a UWB sensor is proposed in this paper. However, UWB-based distance measurement introduces large errors in multipath environments with obstacles or walls between the anchor and the tag, which degrades positioning performance. Therefore, we propose a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) robust UWB ranging model to improve the pose estimation performance. Finally, the localization performance of the proposed framework is verified through experiments in real indoor environments.

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Ali, Alaa Mohsen, and ِAli Khalid Jassim. "Design UWB antenna with notch band for WiMAX application." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i2.4104.

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During the last two decades, radar, remote sensing, and imaging applications have all made use of ultra-wide band (UWB) technology. UWB systems are susceptible to interference from narrowband signals, hence this work provides a single-notch antenna for the UWB system. There are two stages to the design process. After creating the baseband antenna, it is necessary to create a notched band UWB antenna by carving a slot into patch antenna. In the UWB range (3.1-10.6) GHz, the UWB antenna has the dimensions of 20x30 mm with substrate thickness 1.6 mm made from FR4 lossy. The design relative permittivity was 4.3, a rectangular patch with a portion of the ground is used in the design. A typical slot-shaped resonator is connected to the patch to reject a frequency band (3.273-3.81) GHz which is a world interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) to solve the problem of the interference with other bands in UWB system For WiMAX applications. The suggested UWB filter will achieve notch band response centered at the resonance frequency of 3,4 GHz. Analysis CSTS v2020 software was used to carry out the simulation. Priority should be given to what has been learned rather than what has been accomplished.

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Fakhoury, Salah, and Karim Ismail. "Ultra-Wideband-Based Time Occupancy Analysis for Safety Studies." Sensors 23, no. 17 (August 31, 2023): 7551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23177551.

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This study investigates the use of ultra-wideband (UWB) tags in traffic conflict techniques (TCT) for the estimation of time occupancy in a real-world setting. This study describes UWB technology and its application in the TCT framework. Many experiments were conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the occupancy time measurement using a UWB-based tag. The UWB performance was measured using data from UWB tags as well as a video camera system by subtracting the time occupancy within a conflict zone. The results show that the UWB-based system can be utilized to estimate occupancy time with a mean absolute error difference from ground truth measurements of 0.43 s in the case of using two tags and 0.06 s in the case of using one tag in an 8 m × 8 m study area with double-sided two-way communication. This study also highlights the advantages and limitations of using UWB technology in TCT and discusses potential applications and future research directions. The findings of this study suggest that the UWB-based localization of multiple tags needs further improvements to enable consistent multi-tag tracking. In future work, this technology could be utilized to estimate post-encroachment time (PET) in various traffic scenarios, which could improve road safety and reduce the risk of collisions.

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Alkhaddour, Mohammad, and Mazen Youssef. "The Usage of Time Reverse Technology to Improve The BER Performance and Transmission Rate of IR-UWB System." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 22, no. 2 (July 20, 2019): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.22020081.

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Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology has so many striking characteristics which includes low sensitivity to fading, superior performance, low interference, easy to penetrate in walls as well as in floor. The main motive of this work is to analyze the capability of UWB technology as various aspects and improve its performance, since the main drawback of this system is that the power spectral density of the transmitted signal is rather limited. The MIMO technology may provide a solution by increasing the received SNR for the same transmission power, but the problem in this case is the spatial correlation resulted. To solve the problem two technologies are integrated along with the UWB using Time Reverse (TR) by TR-MIMO and TR-SIMO. Among these integrations, the robust performance of the UWB is analyzed by comparing the transmission rates for a given outage probability. In the last step, the (SIMO/MIMO)-UWB and TR-(SIMO/MIMO)-UWB were compared in terms of BER values to create the way of applying the UWB in so many applications.

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Masiero, A., H. Perakis, J. Gabela, C. Toth, V. Gikas, G. Retscher, S. Goel, et al. "INDOOR NAVIGATION AND MAPPING: PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF UWB-BASED PLATFORM POSITIONING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2020 (August 6, 2020): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2020-549-2020.

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Abstract. The increasing demand for reliable indoor navigation systems is leading the research community to investigate various approaches to obtain effective solutions usable with mobile devices. Among the recently proposed strategies, Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) positioning systems are worth to be mentioned because of their good performance in a wide range of operating conditions. However, such performance can be significantly degraded by large UWB range errors; mostly, due to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) measurements. This paper considers the integration of UWB with vision to support navigation and mapping applications. In particular, this work compares positioning results obtained with a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm, exploiting a standard and a Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera, with those obtained with UWB, and then with the integration of UWB and vision. For the latter, a deep learning-based recognition approach was developed to detect UWB devices in camera frames. Such information is both introduced in the navigation algorithm and used to detect NLOS UWB measurements. The integration of this information allowed a 20% positioning error reduction in this case study.

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Pastukh, Alexander, Evgeny Deviyatkin, Alexandr Savochkin, and Valery Tikhvinskiy. "INTERFERENCE ANALYSIS OF UWB DEVICES TO THE SATELLITE SERVICES IN THE 7240-8240 MHZ FREQUENCY BAND." SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 8, no. 3 (2022): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2022-8-3-2-6.

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Ultra-wideband radio technology (UWB), is a wireless access technology that allows exchanging of data over a radio channel between over short distances at very high speed and low power consumption. UWB signals are short pulses the entire energy of which is distributed over a given wide region of the spectrum. With a sufficiently high total power transmitted over the air and with low power consumption and a pulsed nature of data transmission, a high data transmission rate can be obtained. This work has done interference analysis of ultra-wide bandwidth technologies (UWB) operating in the frequency band 7240-8240 MHz to the Earth monitoring and meteorological satellite systems that operate in this band. Taking into account the rapid development of users’ UWB devices in different frequency bands, the study tries to estimate the long-term impact of aggregate interference from UWB devices located around the satellite Earth stations. The study considers two satellite systems as an example of victim receivers. The UWB density assumptions made in the studies are based on the forecasts of CEPT and UWB Alliance.

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Journal articles on the topic 'UWB'

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