Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'UVGI'

Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common diagnose in primary care and one of the mainreasons for prescription of antibiotics. Resistance to antibiotics is a major global issue andcareful use of antibiotics is needed to slow the development of antibiotic resistance. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the level of adherence of resident physicians inÖrebro County to Swedish national guidelines concerning diagnostics and treatment of UTI inthe primary care setting. Method An online survey was sent to physicians in general practice in Örebro County. The surveycontained five hypothetical cases portraying patients with potential UTI, which each haddifferent underlying co-morbidities. The participants answered questions regardingdiagnostics and treatment for each patient. The results were analyzed and compared to currentnational Swedish guidelines. Results With the five cases and 28 participants there were 140 answers regarding the use of urineculture, of which 122 were in line with national guidelines. In one case portraying a womanwith possible presence of resistant pathogens only 17 of 28 participants followed theguidelines, recommending culture. Regarding treatment of UTI the participants answeredaccording to the guidelines in 122 of 140 answers and regarding admitting the patient toinpatient care the guidelines were followed in 116 of 140 situations. In the case of a womanwith possible pyelonephritis, however, only 10 of 28 participants seemed to be aware of theunderlying risk of sepsis and referred the patient. Conclusion The adherence to national guidelines was rather good, with exception of the case presenting awoman with pyelonephritis and signs of sepsis, where only 10 of 28 followed the guidelinesregarding referring her for inpatient care. Although a good overall performance there seems tobe some room for improvement regarding the adherence to guidelines for the diagnostics andtreatment of UTI.

The effects of a newly mapped DNA repair-defective mutant, uvsI, on mutagen sensitivities and mutation were investigated. Results showed that uvsI differs for most of the investigated properties from other uvs mutants of A. nidulans which are known to belong to three different epistatic groups, "UvsF", "UvsC", and "UvsB". Most of these mutants are sterile and many of them alter mitotic recombination frequencies, while uvsI exhibits normal levels of meiotic and mitotic recombination. In addition, uvsI strains are not more sensitive than wild type to MMS (methyl methanesulfonate) to which all other uvs strains are sensitive. However, the uvsI mutant was found to be very sensitive to the killing effects of UV light and the chemical mutagen, 4-NQO (4-nitro-quinoline-N-oxide). In line with the distinct phenotype of uvsI, no epistatic interactions were found for this mutant with any members of the established three epistatic groups. The effects of uvsI on mutagenesis are highly specific and dependent on the mutational test systems. In the uvsI mutant, two types of forward mutation were not affected, but spontaneous and UV-induced reversion frequencies of choA1 and pabaA1 were significantly reduced. Specific effects were further demonstrated in reversion tests of various sC alleles originally isolated as selenate resistant mutants by treatment with EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate), which leads mainly to G:C to A:T transitions. After EMS treatment uvsI mutants showed highly reduced reversion frequencies for all these sC alleles (except one) compared to $uvs sp+$ strains. These results suggest that the uvsI mutation may be defective in AT to GC transition mutagenesis, while increasing transversion(s) from A:T base pairs. In contrast, uvsI affected the frequencies of spontaneous and UV-induced reversions for these sC alleles in a variety of ways. Thus, uvsI may well represent a fourth functional and epistatic group of DNA repair and possibly be involved in a minor mutagenic DN

Bakgrund: Urinvägsinfektion (UVI) är en av de vanligaste infektionerna hos äldre kvinnor. Escherichia coli (E-coli) är den vanligaste bakterien vid UVI. Äldre kvinnor lider när de är drabbade av UVI och det är sjuksköterskans uppgift att bland annat förebygga sjukdom och lindra lidande. Syfte: Att beskriva riskfaktorer och förebyggande omvårdnadsåtgärder mot UVI hos äldre kvinnor. Metod: Litteraturstudie, med databassökning genom databaser speciellt inriktade på vård och omvårdnad, CINAHL, PubMed, WEB OF SCIENCE och Medline. 15 artiklar har använts till resultatet. Resultat: Recidiverande UVI, diabetes, urininkontinens, smittspridning och förstoppning är riskfaktorer att drabbas av UVI. God hygien och regelbunden tillförsel av vätska ses som god evidensbaserad omvårdnadsåtgärd mot UVI. Ökad tillförsel av vätska förkastas, Tranbärstillägg behöver ytterligare forskning. Slutsats. Hög hygieniskstandard genom de basala hygienrutinerna är en viktig förebyggande åtgärd mot UVI.
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections for elderly women. Escherichia coli (E-coli) is the most commonly found bacteria when screening for UTI. Older women suffer when they have UTI and it’s up to the nurse to prevent sickness and to ease the pain. Aim: To describe risk factors and nursing care prevention against UTI for elderly women. Method: Based on science articles received from databases specified on care and nurse caring. CINAHL, PubMed, WEB OF SCIENCE and Medline. 15 articles is used for the results. Results: A prior history of UTI, diabetic, urinary incontinence, and constipation is risk factors to developed UTI. High hygienic standard is a good prevention against UTI. Regular infusion of liquid is good prevention to not develop UTI. Cranberry for prevention against UTI needs further research. Conclusion High hygienic standard through basic hygiene is an important prevention against UTI.

The agriculture in Sweden today uses chemical substances to control vermin, weed

and diseases. This usage shows through polluted subsoil water and trace elements in

the food we eat. There’s a risk that additional symptoms will arise in the future.

Our product Sha Jun, developed in 2006-2007, is an attempt to try and minimize the

need of chemicals in the agriculture. The idea started with the attempt to minimize the

usage of pesticides on the cropland. It later developed in an attempt to decrease seed

disinfectant. The spraying with seed disinfectant today is happening with a rate of 1

tonne/h. They hope one day to reach the speed of 5 tonnes/h. With our product you

reach speeds of 17.5 tonnes/h. We also eliminate the need to use the dangerous seed

disinfectant on the seed before it s stored. The market for our product in Sweden

consists of approximately 800 potential buyers. These include farms over 200 hectares

and collection centrals. It will also give ecological framers a change to decrease their

losses in useless crops. This because our method of treatment is environment-friendly.

Pyelonefrit är en inflammation i njurarna och undersökningen som främst används vid utredning är dimerkaptosuccinat (DMSA)-scintigrafi. Pyelonefrit drabbar framförallt barn och risk finns för njurparenkymskador. Syftet med studien var att utreda om DMSA-scintigrafi efter pyelonefrit hos barn är berättigad. Detta granskades genom att beräkna den generella risken för cancer, specifika riskökningen för njurparenkymcancer, antal upptäckta njurparenkymskador och eventuella könsskillnader. Vetenskapliga artiklar söktes upp via sökmotorn PRIMO. Metoden var retrospektiv med kvantitativ ansats där materialet bestod av svarsutlåtanden från DMSA-scintigrafier på barn 0-2 år med frågeställning njurparenkymskador efter pyelonefrit. Urvalet bestod av 91 barn; 52 flickor och 39 pojkar varav 16 stycken exkluderades. Av de studerade 75 barnen hade sex (8 %) njurparenkymskador, med medelålder på 9,2 månader, och det fanns ingen signifikant skillnad mellan kön och njurparenkymskada (p=0,246). Medelvärdet på given aktivitet gav en effektiv medeldos på 0,69 mSv. Den generella riskökningen vid en DMSA-scintigrafi blev 0,01-0,014 och 0,00019 för njurparenkymcancer. Trots att relativt få barn drabbas av njurparenkymskador, finns ändå risk att drabbas av komplikationer från skadan. Skadorna är därför viktiga att upptäcka. Riskökningen för cancerutveckling och njurparenkymcancer efter DMSA-scintigrafi är mycket låg. Nyttan (att upptäcka njurparenkymskadorna) överväger risken (strålningen), vilket gör DMSA-scintigrafin till en berättigad undersökningsmetod.
A dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy is used to test for pyelonephritis, an inflammation of the kidneys with risk of renal scarring. Aiming to investigate if DMSA scan after pyelonephritis in children is justified, we calculated the general cancer risk, the specific increased renal cancer risk, the number of discovered renal scarring and potential differences between the sexes. The method was retrospective and quantitative and data was based on results from DMSA scans of children aged 0-2 years. From the original set of 91 children (52 girls, 39 boys), 16 were excluded. Of the remaining 75, six (8 %) had renal scarring; with an average age of 9,2 months, and there was no significant difference between sex and renal parenchymal damage (p=0,0246). The mean activity from a DMSA scan equaled an effective dose of 0.69 mSv, with general cancer versus renal cancer risk being 0.01-0.014 and 0.00019, respectively. Even though only a few children develop renal scarring, there is still a risk of complications. Renal scarring is therefore important to discover. The increased risk for cancer and renal cancer after a DMSA scan is low. The benefits (discovering renal scarring) are greater than the risk (radiation), making the DMSA scan justified.

En urinvägsinfektion (UVI) är ett samlingsnamn för infektioner som förekommer i urinvägarna och som drabbar cirka 2% av Sveriges befolkning under deras första levnadsår. Urinvägsinfektionen orsakas främst av tarmbakterier och den mest förekommande patogenen är den gramnegativa Escherichia coli. Då en infektion kan uppstå på flera ställen i urinvägarna så har den olika namn. En infektion i blåsan kallas för cystit och en infektion som spridit sig till de övre urinvägarna och njurarna kallas för pyleonefrit. En anledning till att infektionen fortskrider till pyelonefrit kan vara på grund av vesikoureteral reflux (VUR). Detta innebär att urin flödar tillbaka från urinblåsan och upp genom urinledaren mot njurarna. Detta ökar även risken för recidiverande UVI. I många fall kräver detta minst tre antibiotikabehandlingar per år, vilket i sin tur ökar risken för en utvecklad antibiotikaresistens. Forskare försöker därför komma på alternativ som kan hjälpa till att förebygga nya infektioner. Ett exempel på ett sådant alternativ är probiotika. Det är levande organismer som i rätt mängd kan vara fördelaktiga för personens hälsa. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är därför att undersöka om antibiotika och probiotika som profylax kan minska risken för en återkommande UVI. Därmed kunde även eventuella nackdelar med de två behandlingssätten studeras. För att kunna göra detta granskades sex stycken studier som undersökte effekten av antibiotika och/eller probiotika i samband med återkommande UVI hos barn. Slutsatsen är att det inte det inte finns någon signifikant skillnad i effekten mellan trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol och andra generationens cefalosporiner eller Lactobacillus acidophilus. Däremot kan ett ökat antal stammar av probiotika i jämförelse med placebo vara fördelaktigt i syfte att förebygga en återkommande UVI.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a collective name for an infection that occurs in the urinary tract and it affects about 2% of Sweden's population during their first year of life. The urinary tract infection is caused mainly by intestinal bacteria and the most common pathogen is the gram-negative E. coli. The infection can occur in different parts of the urinary tract, and it is therefore called by different names. An infection of the bladder is called cystitis and an infection that has spread to the upper urinary tract and kidneys is called pyelonephritis. One of the reasons leading to progression of an infection to pyelonephritis is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). VUR implies that urine flows back from the bladder and up through the ureter, towards the kidneys. This also increases the risk of recurrent UTI. In many cases, this requires at least three antibiotic treatments per year, which in turn increases the risk of developing antibiotic resistance. Researchers are therefore trying to come up with alternatives that can help prevent new infections. An example of such an alternative is probiotics, which are a live bacteria. The most common probiotics are bacteria that belong to the genera called Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Different types of probiotics may have different effects and they can be beneficial to a person´s health when ingested in the right amount. The purpose of this literature study is therefore to investigate whether antibiotics, in comparison with probiotics can reduce the risk of a recurrent UTI, and thereby examine the possible disadvantages of the two treatment methods. To be able to do this, six studies were examined that studied the effect of antibiotics and/or probiotics in connection with recurrent UTI in children. It is concluded that there is no significant difference in the effect between trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and second-generation cephalosporins or Lactobacillus acidophilus. However, an increased number of strains of probiotics may be beneficial compared to placebo in order to prevent a recurrent UTI.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka sjuksköterskans preventiva åtgärder för kateterrelaterad urinvägsinfektion. Studien baseras på Goodmans sju steg för systematisk litteraturstudie. Totalt tio vetenskapliga artiklar med varierande kvalitet inkluderades. Artiklarnas söktes fram i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed och kvalitetsgranskades utifrån ett modifierat granskningsprotokoll. Resultatet visar på en minskning av incidensen av kateterrelaterad urinvägs¬infektion vid utförandet av preventiva åtgärder så som; handtvätt och korrekt fästning av kateterslangen, användning av intermittent och silverbelagd kateter, påminnelseprocedurer om onödiga katetrar och kontroll av kateterdurationen. En mer heltäckande studie angående dessa åtgärder behövs för att dess evidensgrad ska kunna fastställas.
The aim of this literature review was to investigate the nurse preventive measures for catheterrelated urinary tract infection. The study is based on Goodman's seven steps for a systematic literature review. A total of ten scientific articles with varying quality were included. The articles were found in the databases Cinahl and PubMed. The quality of the articles was determined by using a modified quality protocol. The result shows a reduction in the incidence of catheter-related urinary tract infection in carrying out preventive measures such as; handwash and proper fixation of catheter tubing, the use of intermittent and silver-coated catheter, a reminder procedure of unnecessary use of catheters and control of the duration of the catheterization. A more comprehensive study on these measures is needed to be able to determine their degree of evidence.

About 10 % of the adult women population in Sweden are treated annually for urinary tract infections. The increasing bacterial resistance towards antibiotics is classified by WHO (World Health Organization) and ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) as one of the greatest treats for human health in a global perspective. To find alternatives scientists are studying the possibility to use probiotics to reduce the frequency of recurring urinary tract infections. This literature study examines five randomized double blinded placebo controlled studies where different strains of Lactobacillus have been used as a prophylactic to women suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections and bacterial vaginosis. Overall the studies do not display enough promising results to recommend the use of probiotics as a prophylax or cure.

Etude par une technique chromatographique de filtration sur gel, basee sur la separation du complexe forme entre la macromolecule humique et l'ion metallique libre. On etudie le mode de fonctionnement du support chromatographique et on explique le role precis de chaque parametre

碩士
明志科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程系環境工程碩士班
105
This study “The sterilization effect of bacteria with different settings of UVGI equipment by CFD_FLUENT simulation”. According to the domestic applied case “UVGI disinfection system in the upper space” which is to reduce the concentration of bacteria in the air, there is an improvement before and after the effect is not obvious problem. Therefore, the study was divided into two parts “The vertical distribution of bacteria in indoor air gradient” and “The system of air circulation kinetic energy”, arrangement of a series of sampling programs and CFD numerical simulation of indoor flow fields. The vertical distribution of bacteria and different settings of UVGI equipment in the indoor space were discussed, which could be used as reference for indoor air quality improvement. In order to investigate the vertical distribution of bacteria at different heights, the impact sampling and natural sampling method were used at the unmanned corridor and the student restaurant. In the "air circulation kinetic energy system", in this study, the flow field distribution is simulated in four locations TOP, MID, BOTTOM, SIDE, and then air conditioning systems and different sources of pollution from steady-state simulation. According to bacterial sampling results, (1) The concentration of bacteria does vary with the height of different space, the concentration trend is inversely proportional to the height. (2) The impact of population activities at least increased the number of colonies four to ten times. (3) The natural sampling for 1hour with impact sampling conversion factor is approximately 28.7 to 37, while the natural sampling for 4hour with impact sampling conversion factor is about 12.3 to 17.8. According to CFD simulation results, (4) Using the SIDE position is better in different settings. (5) In the "different wind speed" simulation, we can see that when the wind speed is more than 7 m/s, it has the ability to drive the flow of simulation space. (6) In the simulation of the pollutant point at different distances, the distance from return air can effectively bring pollutants is 0 to 6 meters. (7) At the same time, My aim is to record the average speed value of different detection points, compare the non-air conditioning system and air conditioning system with the numerical differences and found that when the air conditioning system is added, all the values have an upward trend, on behalf of the air conditioning system will affect the transfer of pollutants, and different configurations will have different effects, the situation is complex.

碩士
中華醫事科技大學
生物安全衛生研究所
98
The aim of this research was to study the feasibility of N95 mask reusing after ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) and its impact on protective efficiency. This paper includes two parts: (1) First one is a prospective study by expert-consensually structured questionnaire in hospitals with tuberculosis isolation-ward for health-care worker (HCW) to collect the demographic data and the information about N95 mask wear conditions. (2)The second part is the use of experimental design to study the quantitative fit testing of N95 respirator wearing by health-care workers, as well as filtering effectiveness of N95 masks for not exposed to UVGI (control group), 30 seconds after UVGI (experimental group I) and 150 seconds (experimental group II), respectively. The results were shown that to reuse the N95 mask must be used repeatedly for sterilization by HCW approximately 64.2%, and about 59.2% have a sensation of safety after disinfection by UVGI. The replacement frequency of the N95 masks was related to gender, job title, department, the residence time of negative pressure isolation ward, access number for negative pressure isolation wards. Particulate filtering efficiency after exposure to UVGI or not among the three groups was not statistical significantly. The quantitatively fit test of N95 mask after reusing many times or exposure to UVGI in 30 seconds or 15 seconds, respectively, were not affected by different types of exercise. The protective performance of N95 mask reused by HCW was not degraded after exposure to UVGI. In conclusion, the wearing duration for HCW after UVGI for a long time or several times will result in decrement of N95 mask filter efficiency or not conform to the requirement, as well as medical workers cannot change a N95 masks and wearing masks deserve to study in the future.

碩士
國立中興大學
資訊管理學系所
103
There are over 3.5 million cases of skin cancer diagnosed in the US every year. Studies have shown that prolonged exposure to the sun would result in skin cancer. In this study, the intensity of nose and philtrum has been normalized by using Max-Min Normalization. However, there was significant difference between intensity of nose and philtrum by using paired-sample t-test. Furthermore, it was found that predicted UVI (ultraviolet index) was a multiple of ratio of nose intensity to philtrum intensity in further analysis. Besides, there was not significant difference between predicted UVI and Central Weather Bureau’s UVI by using independent-sample t test. Additionally, a mobile APP (Application) was constructed. It can not only predict UVI with face detection automatically but also offer users information about skin cancer in time. Finally, Technology Acceptance (TAM) Model was applied to check the reliability of ihealth APP. Results revealed that ihealth APP is reliable.

碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
光電與材料科技研究所
95
A new solution to implement to vehicle image system by detecting Erythema Action Spectrum (EAS) , integrate one detected circuit which is designed by TiO2 optical sensor and amplify circuit, and generate UVI to output images real time is an effective method in this thesis. There are two parts in hardware framework: Outer Part Device and Inner Part Device. Outer Part Device is to detect UVB irradiation and then transfer data to Inner Part Device. Inner Part Device is in charge of UVI computing and output images on the display of the vehicle. It is convenient for driver to check real-time ultraviolet index (UVI) and output the different color image with different color light on the screen of vehicle image system, also it is very simple and easy understand for end user to get the information. The data exchange between Outer Part Device and Inner Part Device is used by wire. This system not only has advantages such as easy installation, suitable for each type of vehicle, user friendly, lower cost, compact dimension, great precision and easy portable feature but also could add the function of existed vehicle image system. This research indeed has practicable and commercial value to integrate UVI detector and vehicle image system.