Journal articles: 'UVB absorbing sunscreens'

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de la Coba, Francisca, José Aguilera, Nathalie Korbee, María de Gálvez, Enrique Herrera-Ceballos, Félix Álvarez-Gómez, and Félix Figueroa. "UVA and UVB Photoprotective Capabilities of Topical Formulations Containing Mycosporine-like Amino Acids (MAAs) through Different Biological Effective Protection Factors (BEPFs)." Marine Drugs 17, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17010055.

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The safety and stability of synthetic UV-filters and the procedures for evaluating the photoprotective capability of commercial sunscreens are under continuous review. The influence of pH and temperature stressors on the stability of certain Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) isolated at high purity levels was examined. MAAs were highly stable at room temperature during 24 h at pH 4.5–8.5. At 50 °C, MAAs showed instability at pH 10.5 while at 85 °C, progressive disappearances were observed for MAAs through the studied pH range. In alkaline conditions, their degradation was much faster. Mycosporine-serinol and porphyra-334 (+shinorine) were the most stable MAAs under the conditions tested. They were included in four cosmetically stable topical sunscreens, of which the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and other Biological Effective Protection Factors (BEPFs) were calculated. The formulation containing these MAAs showed similar SPF and UVB-BEPFs values as those of the reference sunscreen, composed of synthetic UV absorbing filters in similar percentages, while UVA-BEPFs values were slightly lower. Current in vitro data strongly suggest that MAAs, as natural and safe UV-absorbing and antioxidant compounds, have high potential for protection against the diverse harmful effects of solar UV radiation. In addition, novel complementary in vitro tests for evaluation of commercial sunscreens efficacy are proposed.

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Navarro, Nelso P. "Sunscreens of red algae from Patagonia: a biotechnological perspective." Pure and Applied Chemistry 87, no. 9-10 (October 1, 2015): 953–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0406.

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AbstractRed algae can synthesize UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA) compounds to minimize the damage caused by UV radiation. MAAs are molecules with low molecular weight and absorption maxima in the UV region (310–360 nm). Combined with their antioxidant activities, these features suggest a potential application in the prevention and therapeutic treatment of afflictions related to free-radical production and UV irradiation in humans. However, the use of MAAs in biotechnological products is limited by the low concentrations of these compounds in macroalgae harvested from the wild. Thus, species with high MAA concentrations are desirable. Information on red algae from Patagonia generally shows low concentrations of MAAs. However, increased MAA or at least changes in individual MAA concentration have been observed in certain species under stressful conditions. Additionally, methanolic extracts show an interesting absorption in the UVB region in certain red algae species, such as Lophurella hoockeriana.

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Solano, Francisco. "Photoprotection and Skin Pigmentation: Melanin-Related Molecules and Some Other New Agents Obtained from Natural Sources." Molecules 25, no. 7 (March 27, 2020): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071537.

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Direct sun exposure is one of the most aggressive factors for human skin. Sun radiation contains a range of the electromagnetic spectrum including UV light. In addition to the stratospheric ozone layer filtering the most harmful UVC, human skin contains a photoprotective pigment called melanin to protect from UVB, UVA, and blue visible light. This pigment is a redox UV-absorbing agent and functions as a shield to prevent direct UV action on the DNA of epidermal cells. In addition, melanin indirectly scavenges reactive oxygenated species (ROS) formed during the UV-inducing oxidative stress on the skin. The amounts of melanin in the skin depend on the phototype. In most phenotypes, endogenous melanin is not enough for full protection, especially in the summertime. Thus, photoprotective molecules should be added to commercial sunscreens. These molecules should show UV-absorbing capacity to complement the intrinsic photoprotection of the cutaneous natural pigment. This review deals with (a) the use of exogenous melanin or melanin-related compounds to mimic endogenous melanin and (b) the use of a number of natural compounds from plants and marine organisms that can act as UV filters and ROS scavengers. These agents have antioxidant properties, but this feature usually is associated to skin-lightening action. In contrast, good photoprotectors would be able to enhance natural cutaneous pigmentation. This review examines flavonoids, one of the main groups of these agents, as well as new promising compounds with other chemical structures recently obtained from marine organisms.

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Kerr, Caroline. "The effects of two UVB radiation-absorbing sunscreens on UV radiation-induced carcinogenesis, suppression of the contact hypersensitivity response and histological changes in the hairless mouse." Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 422, no. 1 (November 1998): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0027-5107(98)00188-2.

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Piccirillo, C., C. Rocha, D. M. Tobaldi, R. C. Pullar, J. A. Labrincha, M. O. Ferreira, P. M. L. Castro, and M. M. E. Pintado. "A hydroxyapatite–Fe2O3 based material of natural origin as an active sunscreen filter." J. Mater. Chem. B 2, no. 36 (2014): 5999–6009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tb00984c.

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A hydroxyapatite–Fe₂O₃ based material of marine origin – fish bones treated in Fe(ii)-containing solution – shows potential as a sunscreen filter, absorbing in UVA/UVB intervals, with no free radical formation under irradiation.

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Rosic, Nedeljka N., and Sophie Dove. "Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids from Coral Dinoflagellates." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 24 (October 14, 2011): 8478–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.05870-11.

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ABSTRACTCoral reefs are one of the most important marine ecosystems, providing habitat for approximately a quarter of all marine organisms. Within the foundation of this ecosystem, reef-building corals form mutualistic symbioses with unicellular photosynthetic dinoflagellates of the genusSymbiodinium. Exposure to UV radiation (UVR) (280 to 400 nm) especially when combined with thermal stress has been recognized as an important abiotic factor leading to the loss of algal symbionts from coral tissue and/or a reduction in their pigment concentration and coral bleaching. UVR may damage biological macromolecules, increase the level of mutagenesis in cells, and destabilize the symbiosis between the coral host and their dinoflagellate symbionts. In nature, corals and other marine organisms are protected from harmful UVR through several important photoprotective mechanisms that include the synthesis of UV-absorbing compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). MAAs are small (<400-Da), colorless, water-soluble compounds made of a cyclohexenone or cyclohexenimine chromophore that is bound to an amino acid residue or its imino alcohol. These secondary metabolites are natural biological sunscreens characterized by a maximum absorbance in the UVA and UVB ranges of 310 to 362 nm. In addition to their photoprotective role, MAAs act as antioxidants scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressing singlet oxygen-induced damage. It has been proposed that MAAs are synthesized during the first part of the shikimate pathway, and recently, it has been suggested that they are synthesized in the pentose phosphate pathway. The shikimate pathway is not found in animals, but in plants and microbes, it connects the metabolism of carbohydrates to the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds. However, both the complete enzymatic pathway of MAA synthesis and the extent of their regulation by environmental conditions are not known. This minireview discusses the current knowledge of MAA synthesis, illustrates the diversity of MAA functions, and opens new perspectives for future applications of MAAs in biotechnology.

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Lee, Sang Cheon, Eunjin Yoo, Sang Hyun Lee, and Keehoon Won. "Preparation and Application of Light-Colored Lignin Nanoparticles for Broad-Spectrum Sunscreens." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 21, 2020): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030699.

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Recently, natural sun blockers have been drawing considerable attention because synthetic UV filters could have adverse effects not only on humans but also on the environment. Even though lignin, the second most abundant renewable resource on earth, is a natural UV-absorbing polymer, its unfavorable dark color hampers its applications in sunscreens. In this work, we obtained light-colored lignin (CEL) from rice husks through cellulolytic enzyme treatment and subsequent solvent extraction under mild conditions and compared CEL to technical lignin from rice husks using the International Commission on Illumination L*a*b* (CIELAB) color space. Spherical nanoparticles of CEL (CEL-NP) were also prepared using a solvent shifting method and evaluated for broad-spectrum sunscreens. A moisturizing cream blended with CEL-NP exhibited higher sun protection factor (SPF) and UVA PF (protection factor) values than that with CEL. In addition, CEL-NP had synergistic effects when blended with an organic UV-filter sunscreen: CEL-NP enhanced the SPF and UVA PF values of the sunscreen greatly. However, there was no synergistic effect between CEL-NP and inorganic sunscreens. We expect nanoparticles of light-colored lignin to find high-value-added applications as a natural UV-blocking additive in sunscreens and cosmetics.

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Chen, Pao Chi, Jun-Wei Huang, and Jimmy Pang. "An Investigation of Optimum NLC-Sunscreen Formulation Using Taguchi Analysis." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/463732.

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This study used three kinds of wax and three kinds of oil, with fixed mixture ratio including UV-blocking materials of ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, oxybenzone, and avobenzone, and applied hot high-pressure homogenization process to prepare nanolipid sunscreen formulations. The measured particle size of the sunscreen formulations was 100~300 nm around PDI of 0.2 having a moderate polydisperse system. The distribution of zeta potential was −50 mV to −35 mV, showing a stable system. The UV light-absorbing range of 9 groups of sunscreen formulations was 275 nm~380 nm ranging within UVA and UVB. The rheological analysis found that the viscosity change is shear, thinning exhibiting colloid behavior. Taguchi analysis found that the optimum combinations are the carnauba wax and the blackcurrant oil combination for crystallinity and the beeswax and CPG oil for UV absorption. In addition, UV-blocking ability shows that the SPF was 51.5 and PFA was three stars for SU9 formulation. Finally, the effect of temperature on the properties of sunscreen formulations was also explored.

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Hanson, Kerry M., Miles Cutuli, Tiffany Rivas, Miranda Antuna, Jessica Saoub, Nathan T. Tierce, and Christopher J. Bardeen. "Effects of solvent and micellar encapsulation on the photostability of avobenzone." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 19, no. 3 (2020): 390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9pp00483a.

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Avobenzone, the only UVA-absorbing molecule approved for use in sunscreens by the FDA, degrades to its diketone structure under UV light. We found that this photoisomerization is effectively prevented when avobenzone is sequestered in micelles.

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Ku, Wen-Jun, Cheng-Jung Lin, and Po-Heng Lin. "UV-Protection Performance of Calophyllum inophyllum Seed Extracts: A Natural Ultraviolet Screening Agent." Natural Product Communications 16, no. 1 (January 2021): 1934578X2098565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x20985650.

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Demand for sunscreen products has been rising in recent years due to increasing cases of skin damage caused byultraviolet radiation (UVR). Recent studies have proved that some materials in commercial sunscreen products are harmful to the marine ecosystem. Therefore, the development of a photoprotective and environmentally friendly screening agent has been a leading direction for the cosmetic industry. Calophyllum inophyllum is a seaside plant found in the Pacific Rim, regarded as a potential source of biodiesel feedstock given the high oil content of its seeds. Due to the harsh environment of its natural habitat, C. inophyllum has developed UV-absorbing secondary metabolites, which are natural sources for screening agents. In this study, samples of seed extracts of C. inophyllum were subjected to in vitro UV, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and cytotoxicity analysis; all the samples extracted by solvents of various polarities showed different chemical compositions by FTIR spectroscopy and levels of cytotoxicity. The n-hexane seed extract showed the highest UVA and UVB absorption efficiencies. In the in vitro cytotoxicity test on human skin fibroblast cells, seed oil of C. inophyllum demonstrated low cytotoxicity. Results have shown that seed extracts of C. inophyllum can be an ideal material for a natural high-efficiency screening agent.

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Reeve, V. E., M. Bosnic, and D. Domanski. "Interaction of UVB-absorbing Sunscreen Ingredients with Cutaneous Molecules May Alter Photoimmune Protection¶." Photochemistry and Photobiology 74, no. 6 (May 1, 2007): 765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740765iouasi2.0.co2.

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Reeve, V. E., M. Bosnic, and D. Domanski. "Interaction of UVB-absorbing Sunscreen Ingredients with Cutaneous Molecules May Alter Photoimmune Protection¶." Photochemistry and Photobiology 74, no. 6 (2001): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0765:iouasi>2.0.co;2.

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Quilez-Molina, Ana Isabel, Lara Marini, Athanassia Athanassiou, and Ilker S. Bayer. "UV-Blocking, Transparent, and Antioxidant Polycyanoacrylate Films." Polymers 12, no. 9 (September 3, 2020): 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092011.

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Applications of cyanoacrylate monomers are generally limited to adhesives/glues (instant or superglues) and forensic sciences. They tend to polymerize rapidly into rigid structures when exposed to trace amounts of moisture. Transforming cyanoacrylate monomers into transparent polymeric films or coatings can open up several new applications, as they are biocompatible, biodegradable and have surgical uses. Like other acrylics, cyanoacrylate polymers are glassy and rigid. To circumvent this, we prepared transparent cyanoacrylate films by solvent casting from a readily biodegrade solvent, cyclopentanone. To improve the ductility of the films, poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) biopolymer was used as an additive (maximum 5 wt.%) while maintaining transparency. Additionally, ductile films were functionalized with caffeic acid (maximum 2 wt.%), with no loss of transparency while establishing highly effective double functionality, i.e., antioxidant effect and effective UV-absorbing capability. Less than 25 mg antioxidant caffeic acid release per gram film was achieved within a 24-h period, conforming to food safety regulations. Within 2 h, films achieved 100% radical inhibition levels. Films displayed zero UVC (100–280 nm) and UVB (280–315 nm), and ~15% UVA (315–400 nm) radiation transmittance comparable to advanced sunscreen materials containing ZnO nanoparticles or quantum dots. Transparent films also exhibited promising water vapor and oxygen barrier properties, outperforming low-density polyethylene (LPDE) films. Several potential applications can be envisioned such as films for fatty food preservation, biofilms for sun screening, and biomedical films for free-radical inhibition.

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Prasedya, Syafitri, Geraldine, Hamdin, Frediansyah, Miyake, Kobayashi, Hazama, and Sunarpi. "UVA Photoprotective Activity of Brown Macroalgae Sargassum cristafolium." Biomedicines 7, no. 4 (September 27, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines7040077.

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Sunscreens today contain several synthetic UV (Ultraviolet) filter molecules to protect the skin epidermis from UV radiation damage. However, these molecules may create several negative effects on human skin. Due to this condition, there is an increase in the development of natural products to replace uses of these synthetic chemicals. Brown macroalgae Sargassum has been recently studied for its photoprotective activities. The purpose of this study is to investigate photoprotective activity of one of most abundant Sargassum species in Lombok coast; Sargassum cristaefolium. Spectrophotometry analysis with UV-VIS revealed the UV spectra absorbing capability of Sargassum cristaefolium (SC) in the UVA spectrum range (314–400 nm). Furthermore, spectrometry analyses with LC-MS revealed the existence of UV absorbing compound MAA-palythene. In correlation, SC ethanol extracts also demonstrate that it could protect DNA from UVA irradiation as analyzed in vitro in HeLa cell model. The effects of SC on UVA exposed-dorsal mice skin have also shown interesting results, as mice pretreated with SC before UVA exposure showed protective activity on the epidermal integrity similar as positive control. Whereas, UV exposed mice without SC or commercial products resulted in increased epidermal thickness, which is the common parameter of skin photoaging. In addition, pretreated mice with SC also show protective effects in the formation of collagen connective tissues. Overall, current results show promising photoprotective activity of SC against UV radiation. More advanced investigations of SC as a potential photoprotective agent would be reasonable for development of macroalgae-based natural skin protection products.

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Wakefield, Gareth, Sarah Lipscomb, Ed Holland, and John Knowland. "The effects of manganese doping on UVA absorption and free radical generation of micronised titanium dioxide and its consequences for the photostability of UVA absorbing organic sunscreen components." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 3, no. 7 (2004): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b403697b.

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"UV Spectra of Glycolic Acid Derivatives – A Time-Dependant Density Functional Theory Examination." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 9, no. 2S2 (December 30, 2019): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.b1201.1292s219.

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One of the serious health issues faced by people throughout the world in recent years is Skin cancer, which is caused by harmful UV radiations from the sun. To protect the human skin from direct exposure to these ultraviolet radiations, preventive measures have to be taken and once such solution is the application of suitable and safer sunscreen. It is the need of the hour to develop better and harmless sunscreens to protect the skin. One such material which plays a major role in dermatology and cosmetics industry is Glycolic acid, CH2OHCOOH, a precursor of a-hydroxy carboxylic acids. Our present study is to find out if the glycolic acid conformers and its derivatives are capable of absorbing harmful radiations in the UVB and UVA ranges. To understand this property the UV absorption spectra is calculated using Time dependant density functional theory (TD-DFT). Further, our TDDFT calculations have shown that o-Nitromandelic acid, a glycolic acid derivative shows absorption in both UVB and UVA regions. This indicates that o-Nitromandelic acid can be probably used as a UV filter in sunscreen lotions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'UVB absorbing sunscreens'

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