Journal articles on the topic 'UV risk analysis'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: UV risk analysis.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'UV risk analysis.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Beretich, BD, and TM Beretich. "Explaining multiple sclerosis prevalence by ultraviolet exposure: a geospatial analysis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 15, no. 8 (August 2009): 891–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458509105579.
Full textAbstract:
Background Epidemiologic studies have shown a positive correlation of multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence with latitude. However, there has not been a causal association found. Increased dietary intake and increased serum levels of vitamin D showed to be protective for the development of MS. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays an important role in vitamin D synthesis and could potentially explain both latitude differences in MS prevalence and the low levels of vitamin D in individuals with MS. Objective To evaluate the relationship between UV radiation and MS prevalence using geospatial analysis. Methods Geospatial analysis was performed on North American regions and separately for the continental United States. The correlation of UV radiation (measured as UV index [UVI]) versus MS prevalence and UV radiation versus case-control ratios was calculated. In addition, the relative risk (RR) of MS was determined for regions/states with low UV radiation exposure. Results Case-control ratios by US state and MS prevalence by North American region showed a strong negative (inverse) correlation with UVI ( R = −0.72 and −0.86, respectively). The RR for the five highest risk states/lowest UVI versus the five lowest risk states/highest UVI was increased (RR = 1.8–5.4). The RR for MS, when comparing North American regions with lowest and highest UVI, was 3.78 and within US regions was 1.52. Conclusion This analysis suggests a strong association between UV radiation and MS distribution, and an increase in risk for MS in those areas with a low UVI.
2
Boere, Tjarda M., Douwe H. Visser, A. Marceline van Furth, Paul Lips, and Frank G. J. Cobelens. "Solar ultraviolet B exposure and global variation in tuberculosis incidence: an ecological analysis." European Respiratory Journal 49, no. 6 (June 2017): 1601979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01979-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Epidemiological evidence supports vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for tuberculosis. Differences in solar ultraviolet B (UV-B) exposure, the major source of vitamin D, might therefore partially explain global variation in tuberculosis incidence.In a global country-based ecological study, we explored the correlation between vitamin D-proxies, such as solar UV-B exposure, and other relevant variables with tuberculosis incidence, averaged over the period 2004–2013.Across 154 countries, annual solar UV-B exposure was associated with tuberculosis incidence. Tuberculosis incidence in countries in the highest quartile of UV-B exposure was 78% (95% CI 57–88%, p<0.001) lower than that in countries in the lowest quartile, taking into account other vitamin D-proxies and covariates. Of the explained global variation in tuberculosis incidence, 6.3% could be attributed to variations in annual UV-B exposure. Exposure to UV-B had a similar, but weaker association with tuberculosis notification rates in the multilevel analysis with sub-national level data for large countries (highestversuslowest quartile 29% lower incidence; p=0.057).The potential preventive applications of vitamin D supplementation in high-risk groups for tuberculosis merits further investigation.
3
Molot, L. A., W. Keller, P. R. Leavitt, R. D. Robarts, M. J. Waiser, M. T. Arts, T. A. Clair, et al. "Risk analysis of dissolved organic matter-mediated ultraviolet B exposure in Canadian inland waters." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 2511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-165.
Full textAbstract:
With depleted ozone levels and the possibility that climate change might lower dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations, the risk of exposure of fresh waters in Canada to ultraviolet B (UV-B) was evaluated. First, the distribution of a UV-B-sensitive zooplankton genus, Daphnia, was examined as a function of DOM concentration and maximum depth (Zmax) in 258 systems. Distribution was not restricted by UV-B, although very clear, shallow systems are underrepresented. Secondly, the depth at which 1% of surface radiance at 320 nm occurs (Z320,1%) was compared with Zmax in over 1000 aquatic systems in 15 ecozones to determine the proportions of optically clear systems (Zmax ≤ Z320,1%) and systems that may become clear (i.e., are "at risk") should DOM decrease by 50%. South of the treeline, <6% of systems were clear, with the exception of two ecozones with 10%20%. The proportion of systems at risk was 0% in most regions, with 5%9% in four regions. DOM levels appear adequate to prevent extirpation of sensitive taxa like Daphnia through direct exposure to UV-B in most regions south of the treeline. However, optically clear and at-risk ponds were much more common in the three Artic ecozones, especially the Northern Arctic and Arctic Cordillera.
4
Monnereau, Alain, Sally L. Glaser, Clayton W. Schupp, Karin Ekström Smedby, Silvia de Sanjosé, Eleanor Kane, Mads Melbye, et al. "Exposure to UV radiation and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma: a pooled analysis." Blood 122, no. 20 (November 14, 2013): 3492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-04-497586.
Full textAbstract:
Key Points Our pooled analysis found an inverse association between several measures of UVR exposure and Hodgkin lymphoma. Significant UVR-related inverse associations of EBV-positive HL with a dose-response relationship support etiologic heterogeneity in HL.
5
Clare, John F. "Calibration of UV–vis spectrophotometers for chemical analysis." Accreditation and Quality Assurance 10, no. 6 (May 5, 2005): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00769-005-0927-1.
Full text
6
Strouse, John J., Thomas R. Fears, Margaret A. Tucker, and Alan S. Wayne. "Pediatric Melanoma: Risk Factor and Survival Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Database." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 21 (July 20, 2005): 4735–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.02.899.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose To evaluate risk factors for the development of and factors influencing survival in pediatric melanoma. Patients and Methods We evaluated 1,255 children (age < 20 years) and 2,673 young adults (age 20 to 24 years) with melanoma in the 2001 National Cancer Institute (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. We estimated exposure to UV radiation based on Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) measurements. Results The incidence of pediatric melanoma increased 46% (95% CI, 40 to 52) per year of age and 2.9% (95% CI, 2.1 to 3.6) per year from 1973 to 2001. Incidence rates were lower in black patients (−95%; 95% CI, −98 to −90) compared with white patients and in male patients (−39%; 95% CI −46 to −31) compared with females. Increased ambient UV radiation was associated with elevated risk (19% per kJ; 95% CI, 9 to 30). Children with melanoma had a 5-year melanoma-specific survival of 93.6% (95% CI, 91.9 to 94.9), which improved from 1973 to 2001. The hazard ratio of death from melanoma increased with male sex; older age; advanced disease; location of the primary other than extremities or torso; earlier year of diagnosis; and previous cancer. Conclusion The incidence of melanoma in the United States is increasing rapidly in children. Risk factors for pediatric melanoma include being white, being female, increasing age, and environmental UV radiation. Survival is decreased for children and adolescents with unfavorable prognostic factors (male sex, unfavorable site, and/or second primary or regional or distant metastasis). More effective therapeutic strategies are needed for these groups.
7
DUFFY, SIOBAIN, JOHN CHUREY, RANDY W. WOROBO, and DONALD W. SCHAFFNER. "Analysis and Modeling of the Variability Associated with UV Inactivation of Escherichia coli in Apple Cider." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 11 (November 1, 2000): 1587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.11.1587.
Full textAbstract:
Raw data from validation studies of UV tubes used for nonthermal pathogen reduction in apple cider underwent comprehensive statistical analysis. Data from each tube that demonstrated at least a 5-log reduction of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, a surrogate for E. coli O157:H7, in each of three trials were used in the analysis. The within- and between-tube variability was calculated for 70 tubes. The mean log reductions of the tubes fit a Beta distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, 0.0246), and the between-replicate variability followed a logistic distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, 0.0305). These two distributions can be used together to model UV cider treatment as part of an overall E. coli O157:H7 in cider risk assessment. Examples of codes from @RISK and Analytica to describe these distributions, such as one would find in a quantitative risk assessment, are included.
8
Messina, Gabriele, Davide Amodeo, Alessio Corazza, Nicola Nante, and Gabriele Cevenini. "Analysis of the physical and microbiocidal characteristics of an emerging and innovative UV disinfection technology." BMJ Innovations 8, no. 1 (December 3, 2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2021-000790.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionSurface disinfection is one of the key points to reduce the risk of transmission both in healthcare and other public spaces. A novel UV-chip disinfection technology is presented. Technological, photonic and microbiocidal characteristics are evaluated taking as reference an ultraviolet-C (UV-C) LED source of equivalent radiant power.MethodsThe UV chip has a circular radiating surface with a diameter of 1.3 cm, emitting UV cold light at about 5 mW and driven current of about 80 µA. Four bacterial strains were used to conduct the microbiological tests at 4°C and 60°C to evaluate the bactericidal performance of the two technologies under the same operating conditions.ResultsSpectral differences were found between the UV-C LED and the chip, with an emission curve strictly around 280 nm and a broader band centred around 264 nm, respectively. Between-technology microbiological inactivation levels were comparable, achieving total abatement (99.999%) in 8 min at 7.5 cm.DiscussionThe UV chip exhibits unique properties that make it applicable in some specific contexts, where UV-C LEDs present the most critical issues. Besides, it is portable and exhibits a broad spectrum of UV wavelengths with a peak where the maximum microbiocidal efficacy occurs. Important issues to be addressed to improve this technology are the high voltage management and the too low energy efficiency.ConclusionThis cold emission technology is virtually unaffected by changes in ambient temperature and is particularly useful in short-distance applications. Recent developments in technology are moving towards a progressive increase in the chip’s radiant power.
9
O'Keefe, Ryan M., Michael Joseph LaRiviere, Carolyn Vachani, Margaret K. Hampshire, Christina Bach, Karen Arnold-Korzeniowski, Marisa Healy, James M. Metz, and Christine E. Hill-Kayser. "Contribution of family history of melanoma to associated risk factors: Analysis of an Internet-based risk assessment tool." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 10546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.10546.
Full textAbstract:
10546 Background: Risk factors for melanoma (ML) include UV exposure, sunburns, multiple nevi, and fair skin. Smoking and alcohol use may also play a role. Demographics associated with increased UV exposure include male gender, white race, age 18-29, and high-income. Those with family history (FH) of ML have increased risk of developing ML themselves yet are often unaware or do not engage in preventive behaviors. We sought to understand the association between FH of ML and other personal risk factors for cancer. Methods: Since 2009, voluntary participants could receive personalized information regarding their cancer risk via the OncoLink.org Reduce My Risk tool. Survey data was collected on demographics, FH, risk-factors, and risk-associated behaviors. Use of data was IRB approved. Differences between respondents with v. without FH of ML were analyzed using chi-square test and adjusted via logistic regression. Results: 25255 responses were analyzed; 1928 (7.6%) had FH of ML. Of these, median age was 26 (range 18-75), 73.1% were female, 88.6% from North America, 91.4% White, 78.2% had at least some college, and 62.0% household income > $45,000. Comparing those with FH of ML to those without, no significant differences were observed in education, income, or home setting. Those with a FH of ML were less likely to be “light” smokers ( < 1 pack per day) but were more likely to be both “light” drinkers and “heavy” drinkers (Table). There were no significant differences in BMI or exercise habits. Those with FH of ML were more likely to sunbathe, to have had “blistering” sunburns, have 50+ moles, show signs of sun damage on their skin, and have dysplastic nevi (Table). There were no differences in use of indoor tanning beds (Table). Conclusions: Those with a FH of ML were more likely to sunbathe and to report skin damage and history of blistering sunburns; they were more likely to use tanning beds, though not statistically significant. These behaviors are modifiable and may suggest parental influence on sun-protective behaviors. Those with FH also reported increased non-modifiable risks. Future work should continue to explore targeted intervention for those with a FH of ML to educate on risk and promote sun-protective behaviors.[Table: see text]
10
Salamekh, Samer, Jingsheng Yan, Hong Zhu, and Kevin V. Albuquerque. "Preoperative chemotherapy for advanced endometrial cancer-registry analysis of outcomes." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 6088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.6088.
Full textAbstract:
6088 Background: Hysterectomy followed by risk-adjusted adjuvant treatment is the standard of care for staging and treatment of locally advanced endometrial cancer. Up-front surgery is difficult in some locally advanced cases with extensive local invasion since negative margins may not be achievable. Pre-operative systemic treatment may be used to shrink the tumor and facilitate resection, echoing the experience from ovarian cancer. There is limited data for this paradigm in endometrial cancer. Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for cases with FIGO stage III/IV endometrial cancer (serous, clear cell, or endometrial histology) who underwent surgery and had known chemotherapy/radiation sequencing. Those who received pre-operative chemotherapy +/- post-operative chemotherapy (PreCT) were compared to those who received post-operative chemotherapy alone (PostCT). PreCT cases were considered to be initially borderline resectable or unresectable. Downstaging was determined by comparing clinical and pathologic T-stage. Univariable (UV) and multivariable (MV) analyses were performed, with statistically significant values reported. Results: 12,310 cases in PostCT and 1,059 cases in PreCT were included in the analysis. Pre-CT cases were more likely to have higher AJCC T-stage, clinically positive nodes, serous histology, higher grade, and positive surgical margins (28% compared to 16%). Overall survival (OS) was lower for PreCT compared to PostCT (HR = 2.18 UV; HR = 1.87 MV). 20% of patients who received PreCT were down-staged compared to 2% in PostCT group. Patients who were downstaged with PreCT were more likely to achieve negative margins (OR 0.36 UV) and had improved OS compared to those whose stage did not change (HR = 0.61 UV; HR = 0.37 MV). Positive margins portended worse OS for both PreCT (HR = 1.93 UV) and PostCT (HR = 2.63 UV). Negative margins in PreCT had improved OS compared to positive margins in PostCT (HR = 1.2 UV; 2.67 MV). Post-operative radiation benefited both PreCT (HR = 0.45 UV; HR = 0.34 MV) and PostCT groups (HR = 0.48 UV; HR 0.64 MV). Conclusions: Preoperative chemotherapy increased the number of patients who were downstaged and those who were downstaged were more likely to achieve a negative margin. Patients who achieved negative margins in PreCT had improved OS compared to those with positive margins in PostCT. Adjuvant radiation further improved OS in both cohorts. Pre-operative chemotherapy can be considered for patients with unresectable/borderline resectable locally advanced endometrial cancer.
11
Sloka, Scott, Claudia Silva, William Pryse-Phillips, Scott Patten, Luanne Metz, and V. Wee Yong. "A Quantitative Analysis of Suspected Environmental Causes of MS." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 38, no. 1 (January 2011): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100011124.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract:Background:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease with purported environmental causes. Consistent correlations have been found in various settings for latitude, smoking exposure, sunlight, and vitamin D deficiency. We analysed the contribution of various environmental factors to the risk of developing MS from a population perspective.Methods:We collated global data of MS prevalence from 54 studies over the previous ten years and calculated the degree of risk contributed by latitude, longitude, ultraviolet radiation (from NASA satellite data and formulae for available sunlight hours), population smoking rates (from WHO data), gender, study date, study demographics, and several socioeconomic factors. We report a very significant negative correlation between MS prevalence and available ultraviolet (UV) radiation.Results:The lack of available UV radiation outweighs other factors by at least 20 fold (p<10∧-8) from single variate regression analysis. Multiple regression analysis revealed that latitude and longitude are also significant factors; smoking may also provide a very minimal role. The eight prevalence studies from Scandinavia produced prevalences that were lower than expected, given their global geospatial positioning.Conclusions:The available ultraviolet radiation is a significant environmental factor, moreso than all the other factors examined.
12
Baczynska, Katarzyna A., Simon Brown, Adrian C. Chorley, John B. O’Hagan, Marina Khazova, Andrey Lyachev, and Marc Wittlich. "In-Flight UV-A Exposure of Commercial Airline Pilots." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 91, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5507.2020.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTION: Understanding UV exposure is essential for the assessment of its contribution to the occupational risk of pilots developing ocular and skin pathologies. The objective of this observational study was to measure the UV exposure of pilots flying between the United Kingdom and a range of destinations at three different seasons.METHODS: The in-flight UV exposure of pilots was measured on 322 Monarch Airlines short-haul flights on the Airbus A321-231 and Airbus A320-214 to 31 destinations, mostly in Europe, from 4 UK airports in September 2016–August 2017. The erythema effective and UV-A doses were compared with the ICNIRP guidance and typical recreational weekend exposure of UK office workers.RESULTS: The erythema effective radiant doses did not exceed 0.1 SED. For most of the flights, the UV-A exposure was also low. On 27 single sector flights, UV-A exposure could have exceeded the ICNIRP guidance if eye protection was not used.DISCUSSION: The UV exposure in a cockpit is mostly governed by the presence of direct sunlight and the duration of a flight. The average monthly exposures were low and significantly below weekend recreational exposures of UK office workers over a similar period. To assess the contribution of occupational UV exposure to the risk of developing sun-related ocular and cutaneous pathologies, it is important to consider the accumulative flight time, destinations, and UV attenuation of aircraft windshields. Additionally, leisure and recreational outdoor time needs to be considered before meaningful overall risk analysis can be undertaken.Baczynska KA, Brown S, Chorley AC, O’Hagan JB, Khazova M, Lyachev A, Wittlich M. In-flight UV-A exposure of commercial airline pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(6):501–510.
13
Moresco, Rodolfo, Virgílio G. Uarrota, Aline Pereira, Maíra Tomazzoli, Eduardo da C. Nunes, Luiz Augusto Martins Peruch, Jussara Gazzola, Christopher Costa, Miguel Rocha, and Marcelo Maraschin. "UV-visible scanning spectrophotometry and chemometric analysis as tools for carotenoids analysis in cassava genotypes (Manihot esculenta Crantz)." Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jib-2015-280.
Full textAbstract:
Summary In this study, the metabolomics characterization focusing on the carotenoid composition of ten cassava (Manihot esculenta) genotypes cultivated in southern Brazil by UV-visible scanning spectrophotometry and reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography was performed. Cassava roots rich in β-carotene are an important staple food for populations with risk of vitamin A deficiency. Cassava genotypes with high pro-vitamin A activity have been identified as a strategy to reduce the prevalence of deficiency of this vitamin. The data set was used for the construction of a descriptive model by chemometric analysis. The genotypes of yellow-fleshed roots were clustered by the higher concentrations of cis- β-carotene and lutein. Inversely, cream-fleshed roots genotypes were grouped precisely due to their lower concentrations of these pigments, as samples rich in lycopene (redfleshed) differed among the studied genotypes. The analytical approach (UV-Vis, HPLC, and chemometrics) used showed to be efficient for understanding the chemodiversity of cassava genotypes, allowing to classify them according to important features for human health and nutrition.
14
Pejovic, Milic, Emilija Zivanovic, and Cedomir Belic. "The possibility for gamma and UV radiation detection based on electrical breakdown time delay measurement in krypton and xenon filled diodes." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 36, no. 3 (2021): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp2103243p.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents results of electrical breakdown time delay mean value t?d as a function of relaxation time ? (memory curve) for krypton and xenon-filled diodes at 270 Pa pressure. Memory curves were obtained for the cases without radiation as well as in the presence of gamma and UV radiation. It was shown that significant influence of UV radiation to t?d can be observed for ? ? 100 ms, as well as gamma radiation for ? ? 103 ms. Laue's distribution was also investigated for electrical breakdown time delay data sets td, obtained for ? ? 150 ms, without radiation as well as in the presence of gamma and UV radiation. It was shown that for all these data sets Laue's distribution stands, except for the case when krypton-filled tube was subjected to UV radiation. On the basis of the obtained results, the throughout analysis was performed with the aim to investigate possible application of these diodes as sensors of gamma and UV radiation.
15
Stibich, Mark, Sarah Simmons, and Deborah Passey. "10 Years of Pulsed-Xenon Ultraviolet Disinfection." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1104.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Ultraviolet light (UV) disinfection using low-pressure mercury lamps has been around since the 1940s. The advent of pulsed-xenon UV for hospital use in 2010 has provided a nontoxic and novel technology for hospital disinfection with the first data presented at the 2010 SHEA Decennial. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the current body of evidence for pulsed xenon UV disinfection. Methods: The literature search criteria included the following: research conducted in domestic and international settings using pulsed-xenon for surface disinfection, published between 2000 and 2019, and reporting on environmental effectiveness or hospital-acquired reductions (HAIs). We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The meta-analysis included 24 studies: 12 HAI outcome studies and 12 environmental effectiveness studies. Meta-analyses were conducted by calculating the percentage reductions for environmental effectiveness, and for the HAI outcome studies, we used a random-effects model to pool the relative risk of HAI. The outcome studies used 272 and 299 months of data for the experimental and control groups, respectively. Results: There was an overall benefit of using pulsed-xenon UV. The overall relative risk of infection decreased compared to the control arm (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.54–0.76). The percentage reductions in environmental studies were as follows: Clostridioides difficile (94.8%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (91.5%), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (99.2%), and aerobic bacteria (94.2%). Conclusions: Overall, pulsed-xenon UV was effective for reducing environmental contamination and had the ability to significantly reduce HAIs.Funding: Xenex, Inc., funded this study.Disclosures: Mark Stibich receives a salary from Xenex and is a shareholder of Xenex. Deborah Passey receives a salary from Xenex Disinfection Services.
16
Najafi, Maryam, Dor Mohammad Kordi-Tamandani, and Mohammad Arish. "Evaluation ofLATS1andLATS2Promoter Methylation with the Risk of Pterygium Formation." Journal of Ophthalmology 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5431021.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose. Pterygium is a serious eye problem in countries with high exposure to UV. However, despite numerous studies, the molecular etiology of pterygium is unclear. Recent studies have indicated thatLATS1andLATS2genes are involved in DDR signaling pathways against continuous UV exposure. Our aim was to evaluate theLATS1andLATS2promoter methylation with the risk of pterygium formation.Methods. We evaluated the promoter methylation status ofLATS1andLATS2using methylation-specific PCR technique. Also, mRNA expression ofLATS1andLATS2was assessed in 14 cases of pterygium and 14 normal specimens by real-time PCR.Results. Promoter methylation ofLATS1andLATS2was detected significantly between pterygium tissues and normal tissues [LATS1; OR = 4.9; 95% CI: 1.54 to 15.48,P=0.003;LATS2; OR = 7.1; 95% CI: 1.53 to 33.19,P=0.004]. The gene expression analysis showed a statistically significant difference between pterygium tissues and healthy controls for bothLATS1andLATS2(P<0.05).Conclusions. The data of this study is the first report regarding the effect of promoter methylation of theLATS1andLATS2in the pterygium. To confirm these data, doing further studies in various genetic populations with large sample sizes using advanced molecular techniques is proposed.
17
Szczepański, Cezary, and Marcin Ciopcia. "How to Avoid Mistakes in Software Development for Unmanned Vehicles." Transactions on Maritime Science 8, no. 2 (October 21, 2019): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7225/toms.v08.n02.005.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this paper is to propose design and development methodology, in terms of robustness, of unmanned vehicles (UV) software development, which minimizes the risk of software failure in both experimental and final solutions. The most common dangers in UV software development were determined, classified and analysed, on the basis of literature studies, and the author's own experience in software development and in analysis of open-source code. As a conclusion, “good practices” and failure countermeasures were proposed.
18
Rendell, Rebecca, Michael Higlett, Marina Khazova, and John O’Hagan. "Public Health Implications of Solar UV Exposure during Extreme Cold and Hot Weather Episodes in 2018 in Chilton, South East England." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (January 24, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2589601.
Full textAbstract:
Consideration of the implications of solar UV exposure on public health during extreme temperature events is important due to their increasing frequency as a result of climate change. In this paper public health impacts of solar UV exposure, both positive and negative, during extreme hot and cold weather in England in 2018 were assessed by analysing environmental variations in UV and temperature. Consideration was given to people’s likely behaviour, the current alert system and public health advice. During a period of severe cold weather in February-March 2018 UV daily doses were around 25–50% lower than the long-term average (1991–2017); however, this would not impact on sunburn risk or the benefit of vitamin D production. In spring 2018 unseasonably high temperatures coincided with high UV daily doses (40–75% above long-term average) on significant days: the London Marathon (22 April) and UK May Day Bank Holiday weekend, which includes a public holiday on the Monday (5–7 May). People were likely to have intermittent excess solar UV exposure on unacclimatised skin, causing sunburn and potentially increasing the risk of skin cancers. No alerts were raised for these events since they occurred outside the alerting period. During a heat-wave in summer 2018 the environmental availability of UV was high—on average of 25% above the long-term average. The public health implications are complex and highly dependent on behaviour and sociodemographic variables such as skin colour. For all three periods Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) positive correlation between maximum daily temperature and erythema-effective UV daily dose. Public health advice may be improved by taking account of both temperature and UV and their implications for behaviour. A health impact-based alert system would be of benefit throughout the year, particularly in spring and summer.
19
Preda-Naumescu, Ana, Josiah Sowell, Sydney Weir, Siddharth Srikakolapu, Om Patel, Isabella Aldana, Natalie Garcia, and Lauren Kole. "Community Educational Interventions: An Effective Means to Improve Photoprotection and Skin Cancer Awareness in Outdoor Occupational Workers." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 7, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 616–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.7.1.11.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Outdoor workers are at increased risk for developing skin cancer compared to the general population due to environmental conditions at work sites and riskier behavior regarding skin cancer risk factors. In many populations, sun protection education is associated with increased use of sun protective measures. This study aimed to assess outdoor workers’ knowledge of sun safety and evaluate the impact of educational measures on the awareness of photoprotection practices.
Methods: A group of medical students visited construction sites in Birmingham, AL, to deliver 15-minute presentations on the risks of prolonged UV exposure and the prevention of photodamage. Identical 10-question surveys were given to each participant before and after the presentation. Participants rated their level of agreement with statements on photoprotection and skin cancer.
Results: The survey response rate was 79%. Analysis revealed an average pre-presentation score of 3.01 and a post-presentation score of 3.73. Two-sample paired t-tests for each question yielded statistically significant results (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Outdoor occupational workers reported a better understanding of the risks of UV exposure and a greater willingness to engage in sun-protective practices following a brief educational intervention. These findings suggest that community-based education may improve awareness regarding photoprotection and skin cancer risk.
20
Su, Te-Li, and Yu-Lin Kuo. "Optimization of Mechanical Properties of UV-cut Polyester Fiber Using a Hybrid Taguchi and Fuzzy Approach." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 10, no. 2 (June 2015): 155892501501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501501000204.
Full textAbstract:
This goal of this study was to find the optimal processing parameters for PET/TiO2 UV-cut fiber in order to work out its maximal strength. UV-cut means PET/TiO2 fiber attenuates the transmission of UV-radiation. The hybrid Taguchi and fuzzy approach was applied to resolve the problem as regards optimization of multiple quality characteristics, and further discover the optimal conditions for PET/TiO2 UV-cut fiber. First, the Taguchi approach was employed to plan the melt-spinning process parameters and reduce the number of experiments to 27, thus decreasing experimental cost and time. The fuzzy approach was adopted to optimize multiple quality characteristics. The analysis of variance and response surface methodology found the factors significantly affecting the quality characteristics of PET/TiO2 UV-cut fiber were die temperature and winding speed. According to the experimental results, the PET/TiO2 UV-cut fiber can absorb UVA and UVB, and thus has been widely used in sportswear, high-quality parasols, work clothes, hats, tents, and curtains to reduce the risk of skin cancer.
21
Girolamini, Luna, Jessica Lizzadro, Marta Mazzotta, Matteo Iervolino, Ada Dormi, and Sandra Cristino. "Different Trends in Microbial Contamination between Two Types of Microfiltered Water Dispensers: From Risk Analysis to Consumer Health Preservation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020272.
Full textAbstract:
The use of microfiltered water dispensers (MWDs) for treatment of municipal water is increasing rapidly, however, the water quality produced by MWDs has not been widely investigated. In this work a large-scale microbiological investigation was conducted on 46 MWDs. In accordance with Italian regulations for drinking water, we investigated the heterotrophic plate counts at 36 and 22 °C for indicator bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, such as Enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Two different MWDs were compared: Type A with Ag+ coated carbon filter and two ultraviolet (UV) lamps, and Type B with a carbon filter and one UV lamp. For each type, the contamination of the input and output points was analyzed. Our findings showed that MWDs are a source of bacteria growth, with output being more contaminated than the input point. Type B was widely contaminated for all parameters tested in both sampling points, suggesting that water treatment by Type A is more effective in controlling bacterial contamination. MWDs are critical devices for water treatment in term of technologies, intended use, and sanitization procedures. The adoption of an appropriate drinking water safety plan associated with clear maintenance procedures and periodic environmental monitoring can ensure the safe and healthy operation of these devices.
22
Baczynska, K. A., M. Khazova, and J. B. O'Hagan. "Sun exposure of indoor workers in the UK – survey on the time spent outdoors." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 18, no. 1 (2019): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8pp00425k.
Full textAbstract:
A lifestyle questionnaire has been used to obtain information on the time spent outdoors by indoor workers that could be used in combination with dosimetry studies in smaller targeted groups to quantify UV exposure for health risk/benefit analysis.
23
Sehgal, Sanjay, and Vidisha Garg. "Cross-sectional Volatility and Stock Returns: Evidence for Emerging Markets." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 41, no. 3 (August 2016): 234–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090916650951.
Full textAbstract:
Executive Summary Cross-sectional volatility measures dispersion of security returns at a particular point of time. It has received very little focus in research. This article studies the cross-section of volatility in the context of economies of Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China, South Korea, and South Africa (BRIICKS). The analysis is done in two parts. The first part deals with systematic volatility (SV), that is, cross-sectional variation of stock returns owing to their exposure to market volatility measure ( French, Schwert, & Stambaugh, 1987 ). The second part deals with unsystematic volatility (UV), measured by the residual variance of stocks in a given period by using error terms obtained from Fama–French model. The study finds that high SV portfolios exhibit low returns in case of Brazil, South Korea, and Russia. The risk premium is found to be statistically significantly negative for these countries. This finding is consistent with Ang et al. and is indicative of hedging motive of investors in these markets. Results for other sample countries are somewhat puzzling. No significant risk premiums are reported for India and China. Significantly positive risk premiums are observed for South Africa and Indonesia. Further, capital asset pricing model (CAPM) seems to be a poor descriptor of returns on systematic risk loading sorted portfolios while FF is able to explain returns on all portfolios except high SV loading portfolio (i.e., P1) in case of South Africa which seems to be an asset pricing anomaly. It is further observed that high UV portfolios exhibit high returns in all the sample countries except China. In the Chinese market, the estimated risk premium is statistically significantly negative. This negative risk premium is inconsistent with the theory that predicts that investors demand risk compensation for imperfect diversification. The remaining sample countries show significantly positive risk premium. CAPM does not seem to be a suitable descriptor for returns on UV sorted portfolios. The FF model does a better job but still fails to explain the returns on high UV sorted portfolio in case of Brazil and China and low UV sorted portfolio in South Africa. The findings are relevant for global fund managers who plan to develop emerging market strategies for asset allocation. The study contributes to portfolio management as well as market efficiency literature for emerging economies.
24
Felice, Betiana, Vera Seitz, Maximilian Bach, Christin Rapp, and Erich Wintermantel. "Antimicrobial polymers: Antibacterial efficacy of silicone rubber–titanium dioxide composites." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 16 (September 14, 2016): 2253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316668984.
Full textAbstract:
Control and reduction of microorganism infections in high-risk environments is up to date a challenge. Traditional techniques imply several limitations including development of antibiotics resistance and ecotoxicity. Then, polymers functionalized with photocatalyts arise as a promising solution against a broad spectrum of microorganisms found at, e.g. sanitary, food, and medical environments. Here, we present silicone rubber–TiO2 composites as novel antibacterial polymers. Four different types of composites with different TiO2 contents were produced and analyzed under UV irradiation and dark conditions in terms of particle distribution, chemical composition, photocatalytic activity, wettability, and antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli. Under UV irradiation, antibacterial sensitivity assay showed a 1000 times reduction of colony forming units after 2 h of light exposure so that the antibacterial ability of silicone–TiO2 composites was proved. Photocatalytic activity assessment suggested that reactive oxygen species induced by photocatalytic reaction at TiO2 particles are the main cause of the observed antibacterial effect. Scanning electron microscopy indicated no topographical damage after UV exposure. In addition, chemical analysis through Raman and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopies demonstrated the stability of the silicone matrix under UV irradiation. Hence, the current work presents silicone–TiO2 composites as stable nonspecific antibacterial polymers for prevention of infections at multiple high-risk environments.
25
SASANYA, J. J., C. HALL, and C. WOLF-HALL. "Analysis of Deoxynivalenol, Masked Deoxynivalenol, and Fusarium graminearum Pigment in Wheat Samples, Using Liquid Chromatography–UV–Mass Spectrometry." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 1205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.6.1205.
Full textAbstract:
Tolerable limits set for deoxynivalenol (DON) do not consider DON conjugates such as DON-3-glucoside. Conjugates may be metabolized in vivo to DON. Such masked mycotoxins and the potentially toxic Fusarium pigment are not routinely analyzed in cereals. We quantified DON, DON-3-glucoside, and a red Fusarium pigment in hard red spring wheat, using a new liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method. Extraction protocols using centrifugation and shaking, and methanol–methylene chloride (50:50 [vol/vol]) or acetonitrile-water (84:16 [vol/vol]) were assessed. Purposively and randomly selected hard spring wheat samples were extracted with solvent filtered through a C18 column and analyzed using liquid chromatography–UV–mass spectrometry. Isocratic mobile phase (70% methanol) was used. Recoveries were 96.4% (DON) and 70.0% (DON-3-glucoside), while limits of detection were 1 μg/kg (MS) and 10 μg/kg (UV), and limits of quantification were 1 μg/kg (UV) and 0.5 μg/kg (MS), respectively. The pigment limits of quantification and limits of detection on the MS were 4.3 and 0.0005 μg/kg, respectively. The purposively selected samples had DON, DON-3-glucoside, and pigment averages of 3.4 ± 4.0μg/g, 3.8 ± 8.3 μg/g, and 0.31 ± 3.71 g/kg, respectively. The randomly selected spring wheat had lower mean levels of DON (1.4 ± 2.3 μg/g), DON-3-glucoside (0.2 ± 1.0 μg/g), and pigment (147.93 ± 247.84 μg/g). Analytical tools such as this new liquid chromatography–UV–mass spectrometry method can be used to quantify masked and parent mycotoxins, plus a potentially toxic pigment for risk assessment.
26
Legarrea, S., B. M. Diaz, M. Plaza, L. Barrios, I. Morales, E. Viñuela, and A. Fereres. "Diminished UV radiation reduces the spread and population density of Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) [Hemiptera: Aphididae] in lettuce crops." Horticultural Science 39, No. 2 (May 14, 2012): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/79/2011-hortsci.
Full textAbstract:
UV-absorbing covers reduce the incidence of injurious insect pests and viruses in protected crops. In the present study, the effect of a UV-absorbing net (Bionet) on the spatio-temporal dynamics of the potato aphid on lettuce plants was evaluated. A field experiment was conducted during three seasons in two identical tunnels divided in four plots. A set of lettuce plants were artificially infested with Macrosiphum euphorbiae adults and the population was estimated by counting aphids on every plant over 7 to 9 weeks. Insect population grew exponentially but a significantly lower aphid density was present on plants grown under the UV-absorbing cover compared to a standard 50 mesh net. Similarly, in laboratory conditions, life table parameters were significantly reduced under the Bionet. Moreover, SADIE analysis showed that the spatial distribution of aphids was effectively limited under the UV-absorbing nets. Our results indicate that UV-absorbing nets should be considered as an important component of lettuce indoor cropping systems preventing pesticide applications and reducing the risk of spread of aphid-borne virus diseases.
27
Supp, Dorothy M., Jennifer M. Hahn, Christopher M. Lloyd, Kelly A. Combs, Viki B. Swope, Zalfa Abdel-Malek, and Steven T. Boyce. "117 Light or Dark Pigmentation of Engineered Skin Substitutes Containing Melanocytes Protects Against UV-Induced DNA Damage in Vivo." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S78—S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.120.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction Engineered skin substitutes (ESS) were developed to meet the need for prompt wound closure in patients with large full thickness burns. ESS containing autologous fibroblasts and keratinocytes were shown to provide stable wound closure in burn patients, but are limited by hypopigmentation. DNA damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a known risk factor for development of skin cancer. In normal human skin, epidermal melanocytes provide pigmentation, helping to shield skin from UV-induced DNA damage. The current study investigated inclusion of human melanocytes (hM) and their role in the response of ESS to UV light in vivo. Methods Primary cells were isolated from skin of healthy de-identified human donors with IRB approval. Three groups of ESS were prepared with fibroblasts and keratinocytes, +/- hM, and were grafted orthotopically to immunodeficient mice: ESS without hM; ESS with light skin-derived (Caucasian) hM (ESS+hML); and ESS with dark skin-derived (African American) hM (ESS+hMD). After 8 weeks in vivo, grafts were irradiated with 135 mJ/cm2 UV, and mice were euthanized after 2 or 24 hours; non-UV treated mice served as controls. Pigmentation and erythema were measured with a Mexameter. Melanocytes and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) were quantified by immunostaining with anti-TYRP1 and anti-CPD antibodies, respectively, followed by image analysis (Nikon Elements). Statistical analyses (SigmaPlot) utilized t-test or one-way ANOVA; P< 0.05 was considered significant. Results At 8 weeks post-grafting, mean hM density in ESS+hML and ESS+hMD was not significantly different from normal human skin samples. Pigmentation (in Mexameter units) before UV irradiation was significantly different among groups (ESS+hMD > ESS+hML > ESS no hM). UV irradiation did not increase erythema in any group, but resulted in significantly increased pigmentation in ESS+hML and ESS+hMD at 2 hours, but not 24 hours, post-UV. CPDs, the most prevalent form of UV-induced DNA damage, were significantly elevated 24 hours post-UV in ESS without hM. DNA damage was significantly lower 24 hours post-UV in ESS+hML and ESS+hMD compared with ESS without hM. No differences in DNA damage were observed between ESS+hML and ESS+hMD. Conclusions Pigmentation of ESS+hML and ESS+hMD in vivo varied according to the skin phototype of the hM donor, with no difference in melanocyte density, which was similar to normal human skin. Inclusion of either light or dark hM decreased UV-induced DNA damage, suggesting that hM in ESS play a photoprotective role, as in normal human skin. Applicability of Research to Practice Protection against UV-induced DNA damage may reduce the risk of skin cancer in patients grafted with ESS containing melanocytes.
28
Wu, Donghai, Ying Zhou, Guanghua Lu, Kai Hu, Jingjing Yao, Xinghou Shen, and Lei Wei. "The Occurrence and Risks of Selected Emerging Pollutants in Drinking Water Source Areas in Henan, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (October 25, 2019): 4109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214109.
Full textAbstract:
The occurrence of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in aqueous environments has potential effects on ecological safety and human health. Three kinds of OMPs (namely, pharmaceuticals, ultraviolet (UV) filters and organophosphate esters (OPEs)) in four drinking water source areas in Henan Province of China were analyzed, and their potential risks were evaluated. Among 48 target chemicals, 37 pollutants with total concentrations ranging from 403.0 to 1751.6 ng/L were detected in water, and 13 contaminants with total concentrations from 326.0 to 1465.4 ng/g (dry weight) were observed in sediment. The aqueous pollution levels in Jiangang Reservoir and Shahe Water Source Area were higher than that in Nanwan Reservoir and Baiguishan Reservoir, while the highest total amount of pollutants in sediment was found in Baiguishan Reservoir. Compared with pharmaceuticals and UV filters, OPEs presented higher concentrations in all investigated drinking water source areas. The highest observed concentration was triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO, 865.2 ng/L) in water and tripentyl phosphate (TPeP, 1289.8 ng/g) in sediment. Moreover, the risk quotient (RQ) analysis implies that the determined aqueous contaminants exhibited high risks to algae and invertebrates, whereas moderate risk to fish was exhibited. The health risk assessment of aqueous OMPs by means of the hazard index (HI) indicates that the risks to adults and children were negligible. These observations are expected to provide useful information for the assessment of water quality in drinking water sources in Henan, China.
29
Škiljević, Dušan, and Lucija Srećković. "Sunbed Use Among Belgrade High School Students." Serbian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjdv-2017-0001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction: The incidence of melanoma has been increasing worldwide. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and sunbeds are the major risk factors for the development of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Excessive UV exposure during childhood and adolescence increases the probablity of skin cancer in adulthood. The objective of this study was to analyze the exposure to artificial UV radiation using sunbeds among Belgrade high school students. Material and Methods: The study was conducted using a questionnaire among 549 3rd and 4th grade students in 4 Belgrade high schools. The questionnaire included 10 questions on the sunbed use, attitudes, and general knowledge about effects of UV radiation from sunbeds. Statistical analysis assessed the frequency rate and relative frequency as methods of descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 39% of participants had used a sunbed at least once, and 38% plan on using it in the future. When asked at what age they first used a sunbed, 45.66% of high school students stated that it was at the age of 13 or 14. Most adolescents have used a sunbed less than 5 times (38%), whereas 8% of them used it over 30 times. Conclusion: The awareness of the risks associated with UV exposure in sunbeds is not at a satisfying level among Belgrade high school students. Educational and legislative measures are necessary to protect this highly sensitive population and prevent malignant consequences.
30
Diehl, Katharina, Eckhard W. Breitbart, Rüdiger Greinert, Joel Hillhouse, Jerod L. Stapleton, and Tatiana Görig. "Nationwide Analysis on Intentional Indoor and Outdoor Tanning: Prevalence and Correlates." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 12309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912309.
Full textAbstract:
Outdoor and indoor tanning are considered as risk factors for the development of skin cancer. The aims of this nationwide representative study were to quantify both behaviors in a sample with a wide age range, to identify those showing both behaviors and to explore and compare determinants of both behaviors. We used data from the fifth wave (2019) of the National Cancer Aid Monitoring (NCAM). We surveyed the representative sample including 4000 individuals, aged 16–65 years, living in Germany. Data were collected through telephone interviews. In addition to descriptive statistics, we used logistic regression analyses to identify determinants. The one-year-prevalence of tanning bed use was 7.5%, while 31.9% tanned (very) often intentionally outdoors in at least one situation (weekdays, holidays, and weekends). A total of 3.2% reported both risk behaviors. Regression analyses revealed that tanning bed use is associated with employment, an increased number of naevi, and lack of risk awareness. Intentional outdoor tanning was associated with male sex, younger age, past tobacco use, and low risk awareness of UV radiation. Our findings suggest that only a minority of subjects showed both risk behaviors. This implies that individuals seem to perform either one behavior or the other. In addition, the associated determinants differed between both behaviors, implying that specific preventive measures tailored to address to each tanning behavior are needed.
31
Rachma, Firstca Aulia, and Tunik Saptawati. "Analysis Tolerance of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) In instant noodles With Uv-Vis Spectrophotometry." Journal of Science and Technology Research for Pharmacy 1, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jstrp.v1i1.43568.
Full textAbstract:
Background: MSG has become one of the most widely used food flavorings in the world, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) reported an average per capita intake of MSG in the United States of 550 mg / day in 1973. The use of MSG as a food additive has been regulated by its use. WHO. This rule stipulates that daily consumption of MSG per person should not exceed the safe threshold of 120 mg / kg / day. MSG is proven to be a risk factor for obesity. The increase in body weight in mice occurred after MSG was given as much as 15-30 mg / kg or the equivalent of 1-2 g / person. Based on the description above, it is known that there is a significant influence of MSG in the health sector if consumed in excess. Therefore, researchers are interested in conducting further research related to MSG levels in instant noodle samples in the Semarang city area. Aim: The purpose of this study was to test the MSG levels in instant noodles with a spectrophotometer. Method: The tools used are a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu), NaCl and MSG salts. MSG used in instant noodles, 0.5% Ninhydrin Reagent. Result: MSG levels from each of the 10 samples of instant noodles that are traded in Semarang City, the highest levels are found in sample J of 4.70% and the lowest MSG levels are in sample G of 2.90%. Conclusion: Instant noodles sold in the city of Semarang are positive for Monosodium glutamate (MSG) and The results of quantitative analysis, where the MSG levels contained in each sample of instant noodles in Semarang City show that it is still below the standard for adults.
32
Deng, Lin, Zhiren Wu, Caiqian Yang, and Yung-Li Wang. "Photodegradation of Trace Trichloronitromethane in Water under UV Irradiation." Journal of Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/283496.
Full textAbstract:
This study’s objective was to study the photodegradation of TCNM (trichloronitromethane) in water under UV light. The effects of light intensity, nitrate ions, chloride ions, humic acid, and pH on the photochemical degradation of TCNM were investigated under the irradiation of low pressure mercury lamp (λ= 254 nm, 12 W). The photodegradation rate of TCNM was found to increase with increasing the concentration of nitrate ions, chloride ions, humic acid, pH, and light intensity. The photodegradation of TCNM was examined at pH 6.0 with initial concentrations (C0) of TCNM at 10.0–200.0 µg/L. The overall rate of degradation of TCNM was modeled using a pseudofirst-order rate law. Finally, the proposed mechanism involved in the photodegradation of TCNM was also discussed by analysis. Results of this study can contribute to the development of new source control strategies for minimization of TCNM risk at drinking water and wastewater utilities.
33
Dobashi, Ritsu, and Kazuya Senda. "Detailed analysis of flame propagation during dust explosions by UV band observations." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 19, no. 2-3 (March 2006): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2005.06.040.
Full text
34
Hidayah, Euis Nurul, Okik Hendriyanto Cahyonugroho, and Gabriela Veronica. "SOSIALISASI PENANGANAN KEGAGALAN RESIKO PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM ISI ULANG DI KECAMATAN GUNUNG ANYAR SURABAYA." SELAPARANG Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan 3, no. 2 (May 10, 2020): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jpmb.v3i2.2053.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRAKAdanya peluang bagi banyak industri untuk membuka depot air minum isi ulang (DAMIU), khususnya di Kecamatan Gunung Anyar, Surabaya. Isu yang muncul saat ini adalah rendahnya jaminan kualitas terhadap air minum isi ulang (AMIU) yang dihasilkan DAMIU. Jumlah koliform yang semakin besar menunjukkan kemungkinan bakteri patogen yang hidup di air yang terkontaminasi pencemaran. Meninjau permasalahan tersebut, maka kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menginformasikan kepada pengusaha DAMIU di Kecamatan Gunung Anyar tentang hasil pendataan teknologi pengolahan AMIU yang digunakan, menginformasikan hasil kualitas AMIU dari masing-masing DAMIU, menginformasikan risiko penyebab yang mempengaruhi kualitas AMIU dan memberikan rekomendasi upaya mengurangi risiko kegagalan produksi AMIU kepada pengusaha DAMIU. Sejumlah DAMIU menggunakan teknologi sinar UV sebesar 16 depot, teknologi sinar UV-Ozone sebesar 5 depot, teknologi RO sebesar 1 depot, sedangkan terdapat 1 depot tidak menggunakan teknologi desinfeksi. Analisa dari kegagalan kualitas air minum isi ulang pada parameter mikrobiologis (total koliform dan Eschericia coli). Risiko penyebabnya adalah karena sumber daya manusia, sumber air baku, metode, sarana dan prasaran, pengawasan dan evaluasi. Oleh karena itu perlu diberikan rekomendasi untuk mengurangi risiko kegagalan parameter mikrobiologis melalui waktu kontak UV atau Ozon minimal 4 menit, monitoring rutin perawatan unit pengolahan, menyusun standar operasional prosedur. Kata kunci: air minum isi ulang; risiko; eschericia coli; total koliform; desinfeksi ABSTRACTThere are opportunities for many industries to open refill drinking water stores (RDWS), especially in Gunung Anyar District, Surabaya. Some issues have been arised recently, such as issue of low quality assurance of drinking water produced by RDWS. The greater number of coliforms indicates the possibility of pathogenic bacteria that live in contaminated water. Reviewing these problems, community service activities were carried out with the aim of informing to RDWS owner in Gunung Anyar District about the results of data collection on RDW processing technology used, informing the results of RDW quality from each RDWS, informing the risk of causes affecting RDW quality and providing recommendations to reduce the failurd risk of RDW production to RDWS owner. Regarding disinfection technology, about 16 stores applied ultraviolet technology, UV-Ozone was used by stores, and the remain used RO technolog. Analysis of the failure of refill drinking water quality on microbiology parameters (total coliform and Eschericia coli). Those risk were arised due to human resources, raw water sources, methods, facilities and infrastructure, monitoring and evaluation. Therefore it is necessary to provide recommendations to reduce the risk of failure of microbiologyl parameters through UV or Ozone contact time of at least 4 minutes, routine monitoring of treatment units, preparing procedure operational standard. Keywords: refill drinking water; risk; eschericia coli; total coliform; disinfection
35
Sajedi, Seyed Aidin, and Fahimeh Abdollahi. "Which Environmental Factor Is Correlated with Long-Term Multiple Sclerosis Incidence Trends: Ultraviolet B Radiation or Geomagnetic Disturbances?" Multiple Sclerosis International 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4960386.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Insufficient received ultraviolet B radiation (UV) is regarded as the main environmental risk factor (RF) for MS in vitamin D deficiency hypothesis. Nevertheless, geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) has also been proposed as a potential trigger for MS in GMD hypothesis. The aim of this study was to investigate which of these mentioned RF is correlated with long-term ultradecadal MS incidence. Methods. After a systematic search, long-term incidence reports of the United Kingdom (UK), Denmark, Tayside County, Nordland County, the Orkney, and Shetland Islands were selected for this retrospective time-series study. Possible lead-lag relationships between MS incidence, GMD, and UV were evaluated by cross-correlation analysis. Results. Significant positive correlations between GMD and MS incidence were seen in Tayside County (at lag of 2 years: rS = 0.38), Denmark (peak correlation at lag of 2 years: rS = 0.53), and UK (at lag of 1 year: rS = 0.50). We found a positive correlation between received UV and MS incidences in the Nordland at lag of 1 year (rS = 0.49). Conclusion. This study found significant positive correlations between alterations in GMD with alterations in long-term MS incidence in three out of six studied locations and supports the GMD hypothesis. The observed significant correlation between MS and UV is positive; hence it is not supportive for UV related vitamin D deficiency hypothesis.
36
Jürgens, Jaana, Lilli Paama, and Ivo Leito. "The uncertainty of UV–Vis spectrophotometric and FAAS analysis for the determination of iron in pharmaceutical products." Accreditation and Quality Assurance 12, no. 11 (August 16, 2007): 593–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00769-007-0299-9.
Full text
37
Zheng, Xuehong, Yuehan Li, Ding Chen, Airong Zheng, and Qikang Que. "Study on Analysis and Sedimentation of Alumina Nanoparticles." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (February 12, 2019): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030510.
Full textAbstract:
Dispersion and aggregation behavior of nanoparticles in aquatic environment may be affected by pH, salinity, and dissolved organic matter, which would change its ecological risk. Effects of time, power and temperature on the alumina nanoparticles (nano-Al2O3) ultrasonic dispersion in water were discussed. Al2O3 had a best ultrasonic dispersion for 30 min at 105 W and 30 °C. The concentration of Al2O3 could be measured by ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer, and the method was efficient and accurate. Furthermore, the sedimentation rate of Al2O3 was related to pH, salinity, and its concentration in the artificial seawater. When pH was 7.31, approaching the isoelectric point of Al2O3, they aggregated and settled fastest. Settlement coefficient (k) of Al2O3 increased by 3 and 2.7 times while the salinity and its concentration increased. The sedimentation rate was higher in natural seawater than that in artificial seawater. All results indicated that nano-Al2O3 would be removed in aquatic environment.
38
Torrente-López, Anabel, Jesús Hermosilla, Antonio Salmerón-García, José Cabeza, and Natalia Navas. "Comprehensive Analysis of Nivolumab, A Therapeutic Anti-Pd-1 Monoclonal Antibody: Impact of Handling and Stress." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 4 (March 23, 2022): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14040692.
Full textAbstract:
Nivolumab, formulated in the medicine Opdivo® (10 mg/mL), is a therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) used in the treatment of different types of cancer. Currently, there is insufficient knowledge about the behaviour of this protein with regards to the risk associated with its routine handling or unintentional mishandling, or when subjected to stress conditions in hospitals. These conditions can be simulated in forced degradation studies, which provide an in-depth understanding of the biophysical and biochemical properties of mAbs. In this study, we carried out a physicochemical and functional characterisation of nivolumab, which was subjected to various stress conditions: heat, freeze/thaw cycles, agitation, light exposure and high hypertonic solution. We used a wide range of analytical techniques: Far-UV CD, IT-FS, DLS, SE/UHPLC(UV)-[Native]MS, and ELISA. The results show that exposure to light was the stress test with the greatest impact on the samples, revelling the formation of non-natural dimers and a different isoform profile. In addition, nivolumab (Opdivo®) demonstrated stability up to 60 °C (1 h). As regards functionality all the nivolumab (Opdivo®) stressed samples were found to be stable except for those subjected to light and agitation, and to a lesser extent, those subjected to FTC 5 and NaCl stresses.
39
Cigna, Francesca, Deodato Tapete, and Zhong Lu. "Remote Sensing of Volcanic Processes and Risk." Remote Sensing 12, no. 16 (August 10, 2020): 2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12162567.
Full textAbstract:
Remote sensing data and methods are increasingly being embedded into assessments of volcanic processes and risk. This happens thanks to their capability to provide a spectrum of observation and measurement opportunities to accurately sense the dynamics, magnitude, frequency, and impacts of volcanic activity in the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), infrared (IR), and microwave domains. Launched in mid-2018, the Special Issue “Remote Sensing of Volcanic Processes and Risk” of Remote Sensing gathers 19 research papers on the use of satellite, aerial, and ground-based remote sensing to detect thermal features and anomalies, investigate lava and pyroclastic flows, predict the flow path of lahars, measure gas emissions and plumes, and estimate ground deformation. The strong multi-disciplinary character of the approaches employed for volcano monitoring and the combination of a variety of sensor types, platforms, and methods that come out from the papers testify the current scientific and technology trends toward multi-data and multi-sensor monitoring solutions. The research advances presented in the published papers are achieved thanks to a wealth of data including but not limited to the following: thermal IR from satellite missions (e.g., MODIS, VIIRS, AVHRR, Landsat-8, Sentinel-2, ASTER, TET-1) and ground-based stations (e.g., FLIR cameras); digital elevation/surface models from airborne sensors (e.g., Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR), or 3D laser scans) and satellite imagery (e.g., tri-stereo Pléiades, SPOT-6/7, PlanetScope); airborne hyperspectral surveys; geophysics (e.g., ground-penetrating radar, electromagnetic induction, magnetic survey); ground-based acoustic infrasound; ground-based scanning UV spectrometers; and ground-based and satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging (e.g., TerraSAR-X, Sentinel-1, Radarsat-2). Data processing approaches and methods include change detection, offset tracking, Interferometric SAR (InSAR), photogrammetry, hotspots and anomalies detection, neural networks, numerical modeling, inversion modeling, wavelet transforms, and image segmentation. Some authors also share codes for automated data analysis and demonstrate methods for post-processing standard products that are made available for end users, and which are expected to stimulate the research community to exploit them in other volcanological application contexts. The geographic breath is global, with case studies in Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Hawai’i, Alaska, Kamchatka, Japan, Indonesia, Vanuatu, Réunion Island, Ethiopia, Canary Islands, Greece, Italy, and Iceland. The added value of the published research lies on the demonstration of the benefits that these remote sensing technologies have brought to knowledge of volcanoes that pose risk to local communities; back-analysis and critical revision of recent volcanic eruptions and unrest periods; and improvement of modeling and prediction methods. Therefore, this Special Issue provides not only a collection of forefront research in remote sensing applied to volcanology, but also a selection of case studies proving the societal impact that this scientific discipline can potentially generate on volcanic hazard and risk management.
40
Elgueta, Sebastian, Marcela Valenzuela, Marcela Fuentes, Pilar E. Ulloa, Cecilia Ramos, Arturo Correa, and Sebastian Molinett. "Analysis of Multi-Pesticide Residues and Dietary Risk Assessment in Fresh Tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum) from Local Supermarkets of the Metropolitan Region, Chile." Toxics 9, no. 10 (October 6, 2021): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9100249.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, the official authorities in Chile have reported transgressions in the maximum residue levels of pesticides in fresh vegetables. There is no official information about traceability, pesticide levels, and potential health risks. The aim of this study was to analyse pesticide residues and their corresponding dietary risk assessments in tomatoes from supermarkets in the Metropolitan Region. Pesticides were extracted using the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe, QuEChERS method, and their concentrations were determined by using chromatography with HPLC-FL/UV and GC-MS/ECD/NPD, following the Analytical Quality Control and Method Validation Procedures for Pesticides Residues Analysis in Food and Feed, SANTE guide and ISO 17025:2017 standard. In addition, a dietary risk assessment was carried out by comparing Chilean data to international references. The results reported that 9% of the samples had pesticide residue levels above the maximum residue levels permitted in Chile. All the scenarios evaluated revealed the highest estimated daily intake and hazard quotients for methamidophos and chlorpyrifos. Both the active substances used were acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and were neurotoxic under chronic risk assessment. The results showed the highest chronic hazard index in the Chilean scenario for all age groups and genders. The evidence obtained revealed that methamidophos, methomyl, and chlorpyrifos should be restricted for their use in Chilean agriculture.
41
Teska, Peter, Roderick Dayton, Xiaobao Li, Jason Lamb, and Phillip Strader. "Damage to Common Healthcare Polymer Surfaces from UV Exposure." Nano LIFE 10, no. 03 (April 14, 2020): 2050001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984420500014.
Full textAbstract:
Healthcare-associated infections are a significant concern in acute care facilities across the US. Studies have shown the importance of a hygienic patient environment in reducing the risk of such infections. This has caused an increased interest in ultraviolet (UV-C) light disinfectant technology as an adjunct technology to provide additional pathogen reduction to environmental surfaces and patient care equipment (i.e., surfaces). It is also well known that UV-C light can cause premature degradation of materials, particularly certain plastic materials. However, there is little information in the literature regarding characterizing this degradation of plastics and other materials used for surfaces in healthcare. This study aims to evaluate multiple characterization techniques and propose a systematic approach to further understand early onset degradation of plastics due to UV-C exposure. Susceptibility and modes of degradation of multiple plastic materials were compared using the techniques evaluated. Ten grades of plastic materials were exposed to UV-C light in a manner consistent with standards given in the healthcare and furniture industry to achieve disinfection. These materials were characterized for visual appearance, chemical composition, surface roughness and hardness using light microscopy, spectrophotometry, contact angle analysis, infrared spectroscopy, profilometry and nanoindentation. All characterization methods were able to identify one or more specific degradation features from UV-C exposure covering different aspects of physicochemical properties of the surfaces. However, these methods showed different sensitivity and applicability to identify the onset of surface damage. Different types of surface materials showed different susceptibility and modes to degradation upon UV-C light exposure. UV-C disinfection can cause detectable damage to various surfaces in healthcare. A characterization approach consisting of physical and chemical characterizations is proposed in quantifying surface degradation of a material from UV-C exposure to address the complexity in modes of degradation and the varied sensitivity to UV-C from different materials. Methods with high sensitivity can be used to evaluate onset of damage or early stage damage.
42
Moreno, Megan Andreas, Marina C. Jenkins, and DeAnn Lazovich. "Tanning Misinformation Posted by Businesses on Social Media and Related Perceptions of Adolescent and Young Adult White Non-Hispanic Women: Mixed Methods Study." JMIR Dermatology 4, no. 1 (May 19, 2021): e25661. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25661.
Full textAbstract:
Background Indoor ultraviolet (UV) tanning is common and consequential, increasing the risk for cancers including melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. At-risk groups include adolescents and young adults, who often report beliefs about benefits of tanning. Adolescent and young adults are also among the most ubiquitous social media users. As previous studies support that content about tanning is common on social media, this may be a way that young women are exposed to influential content promoting tanning, including health misinformation. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate health misinformation promoted by indoor tanning businesses via social media and to understand young women’s perceptions of this misinformation. Methods This mixed methods study included (1) retrospective observational content analysis of indoor tanning salons’ content on Facebook over 1 year and (2) qualitative interviews with a purposeful national sample of 46 White non-Hispanic women, age 16 to 23 years, who had recently tanned indoors. We assessed experiences with tanning businesses’ posted content on social media through interviews. We used the constant comparative approach for qualitative analyses. Results Content analysis findings included data from indoor tanning businesses (n=147) across 50 states, yielding 4956 total posts. Among 9 health misinformation topics identified, the most common was the promotion of UV tanning as a safe way to get Vitamin D (n=73, 1.5%). An example post was “Stop by Body and Sol to get your daily dose of Vitamin D.” Another misinformation topic was promoting tanning for health benefits (n=31, 0.62%), an example post was “the flu is not a season, it’s an inability to adapt due to decreased sun exposure…” A total of 46 participants completed interviews (age: mean 20 years, SD 2). Almost all participants (45/46, 98%) used Facebook, and 43.5% (20/46) followed an indoor tanning business on social media. Approximately half of participants reported seeing social media posts from tanning salons about Vitamin D, an example of a participant comment was “I have [seen that] a few times...” Among the participants, approximately half believed it was safe to get Vitamin D from indoor UV tanning; a participant stated: “I think it is a valid benefit to UV tanning.” Conclusions Despite the low frequency (range 0.5%-1.5%) of social media posts promoting health misinformation, participants commonly reported viewing these posts, and their perceptions aligned with health misinformation. Health education campaigns, possibly using social media to target at-risk populations, may be an innovative approach for tanning prevention messages.
43
Chasnyk, Vyacheslav G., Ekaterina V. Gaidar, Anatolii Viktorovich Kononov, Tatyana Ammosova, Alla Hynes, Margarita F. Dubko, Mikhail M. Kostik, et al. "Proteomic Profile of Tears for the Diagnosis of Uveitis Associated with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Setting Targets to Achieve Results." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped815-26.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents epidemiologic and pathophysiological aspects of the problem statement for early recognition of Uveitis (Uv) associated with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) in terms of the proteomic profile of tears as well as the results of an attempt to solve this problem by means of the Tandem Mass-Spectrometry (TMS). The solution of this problem is of the highest relevance due to revolutionary changes in treatment strategies after introducing highly effective biologics. Content analysis of literature reviews reveals the following: 1. the incidence of JIA-Uv in the Northwest Federal District of Russian Federation averages 0.5-0.7 per 100 000 of children with the prevalence being ten-fold higher than incidence, 2. without Methotrexate treatment 4-7 years after the diagnosis of JIA-Uv cataract is revealed in 35-40% of children and in 5% – glaucoma as well, 3. even with Methotrexate in 28-40% of children the complications of JIA-Uv inevitably will be revealed with blurred vision in 10-36% of children, 4. timely diagnosis of JIA-Uv and adequate treatment reduce the risk of complications by 4% per year, 5. current medical care system reveals in one third of children already the complications of JIA-Uv. Revelation in tears of the motif mode for protein interaction network, triggering mobilization/inhibition of cells which moderate Uv would contradict the traditional point of view on existing natural anatomic and physiologic barriers, isolating the intraocular space, but however seems to be possible since JIA is a systemic disease and Uv leads to damage of the blood-retinal barriers. To reveal protein biomarkers of JIA-Uv tears of 31 children aged 2-17 years were studied: 17 – chronic JIA-Uv, 4 – JIA without Uv, 4 – idiopathic Uv, 3 – systemic vasculitis, 3 – healthy children. We used the current clinical guidelines and standards to diagnose the pathology and TMS with hierarchical clustering methodology for protein identification: nano C18 column attached to Shimadzu nano LC coupled in-line to LTQ Orbitrap XL tandem mass spectrometer, data-dependent 4-event scan method, a survey FT-MS parent scan followed by sequential data dependent FT-MS/MS scans on the three most abundant peptide ions. Proteins were identified from the mass spectra results with Proteome Discoverer 1.2 software for protein database search using the International Protein Index (IPI) and Human Protein Database. Quantification was conducted using SIEVE 2.0 after normalization to albumin keeping in mind the validity of proportional change of its concentration after stimulation of lacri-mation. Data from SIEVE were exported to IPA (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) for filtering. The extracellular proteins selected in Ingenuity were further analyzed for disease relation and networks formation. TMS revealed more than 3000 proteins in tears and 300 of them have been considered to be the first row candidates to be biomarkers of JIA-Uv. The top two proteins, lactoferrin and lipocalin were upregulated over ten-fold in children with Uv. Pathway analysis placed these proteins into the inflammation-related IL-1 and TNF-α related networks which also included proteins involved in the development of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and retinopathy. In addition, IL-23, which was previously linked to Uveitis, was found to be upregulated. Taken together, our proof-of-principle study presents a novel and yet untested approach for detection of early biomarkers of Uveitis and identified several candidate proteins.
44
Keskküla, Kadri, Tambet Aru, Mihkel Kiviste, and Martti-Jaan Miljan. "Hygrothermal Analysis of Masonry Wall with Reed Boards as Interior Insulation System." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 9, 2020): 5252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205252.
Full textAbstract:
When the masonry walls of buildings under heritage protection need to be restored and thermally improved, the only option is to use an interior insulation system. This is also the riskiest method of insulating walls in cold climates. Capillary active interior insulation systems have been proven to be the most reliable, minimizing the risk of mold growth and decay caused by condensation. They have also been proven to be less risky in wind-driven rain. The building studied is situated in a heritage-conservation area in downtown Tartu, Estonia, and therefore cannot be insulated from the exterior. This paper compares the hygrothermal performance of four different interior insulation systems with and without a heating cable and vapor barrier. In the first case, Isover Vario KM Duplex UV was placed between reed panels. In the second case, reed panels were used without the vapor barrier. Data loggers were applied between the reed panels and the original wall and inside the room to measure temperature and relative humidity in one-hour intervals. Exterior temperature and relative humidity values were taken from the Estonian University of Life Sciences Institute of Technology weather service station. In addition to the measurements taken in the case study building, calculations were made using heat-air-moisture (HAM) Delphin software to simulate the situation. The use of a smart vapor retarder (Isover Vario KM Duplex UV) with reed panels in the interior insulation system reduced the relative humidity level inside the wall. The vapor retarder improved the drying-potential compared to the interior insulation system without the vapor barrier.
45
C, Karthika, Manivannan S, and Jawahar S. "Qualitative and quantitative screening of phytoconstituents and characterization of various extracts of Wedelia trilobata leaf extracts." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 13, no. 2 (July 8, 2022): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v13i2.2365.
Full textAbstract:
The birth control pills (contraceptive) are safe, in some cases the combination of the contraceptive pill can increase your risk of health. The side effects include heart attack, stroke, blood clots, and liver tumors. In very rare cases, they can lead to death. The risk of health problems and side effects were minimal or no side effects recorded while using the herbal contraceptives. The present investigation was focused on the preliminary phytochemical analysis, UV-VIS spectrum and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectral analysis and HPLC analysis of Wedelia trilobata L. The leaves were extracted using soxhlet extractor with seven different solvent in the order of relative polarity (aqueous, methanol, ethanol, acetone, petroleum ether, benzene and hexane) the leaves of the plant of Wedelia trilobata L. were tested for the availability of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, amino acids, tannins, terpenoids, quinones, anthraquinones etc. And the phenol, flavonoid and terpenoids were analysed quantitatively. The UV-VIS spectrum showed the peaks with the absorption for the seven solvents respectively. The FT-IR spectrum showed the presence of alcohols, phenols, alkanes, alkynes, alkyl halides, aldehydes, aromatics, nitro compounds and amines. With the HPLC results we confirm that the compound caryophyllene which was used as contraceptive now a days was present in the two extracts (aqueous and ethanol) The results confirm the fact that this plant possesses important bioactive constituents useful for our health, so further scientific investigation is needed to investigate the biological activities of this plant.
46
Rivasi, Giulia, Matteo Bulgaresi, Enrico Mossello, Primo Buscemi, Chiara Lorini, Daniela Balzi, Riccardo Barucci, et al. "Course and Lethality of SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in Nursing Homes after Vaccination in Florence, Italy." Vaccines 9, no. 10 (October 13, 2021): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101174.
Full textAbstract:
Evidence on the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in nursing home (NHs) residents is limited. We examined the impact of the BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine on the course of the epidemic in NHs in the Florence Health District, Italy, before and after vaccination. Moreover, we assessed survival and hospitalization by vaccination status in SARS-CoV-2-positive cases occurring during the post-vaccination period. We calculated the weekly infection rates during the pre-vaccination (1 October–26 December 2020) and post-vaccination period (27 December 2020–31 March 2021). Cox analysis was used to analyze survival by vaccination status. The study involved 3730 residents (mean age 84, 69% female). Weekly infection rates fluctuated during the pre-vaccination period (1.8%–6.5%) and dropped to zero during the post-vaccination period. Nine unvaccinated (UN), 56 partially vaccinated (PV) and 35 fully vaccinated (FV) residents tested SARS-CoV-2+ during the post-vaccination period. FV showed significantly lower hospitalization and mortality rates than PV and UV (hospitalization: FV 3%, PV 14%, UV 33%; mortality: FV 6%, PV 18%, UV 56%). The death risk was 84% and 96% lower in PV (HR 0.157, 95%CI 0.049–0.491) and FV (HR 0.037, 95%CI 0.006–0.223) versus UV. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was followed by a marked decline in infection rates and was associated with lower morbidity and mortality among infected NH residents.
47
Rivasi, Giulia, Matteo Bulgaresi, Enrico Mossello, Primo Buscemi, Chiara Lorini, Daniela Balzi, Riccardo Barucci, et al. "Course and Lethality of SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in Nursing Homes after Vaccination in Florence, Italy." Vaccines 9, no. 10 (October 13, 2021): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101174.
Full textAbstract:
Evidence on the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in nursing home (NHs) residents is limited. We examined the impact of the BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine on the course of the epidemic in NHs in the Florence Health District, Italy, before and after vaccination. Moreover, we assessed survival and hospitalization by vaccination status in SARS-CoV-2-positive cases occurring during the post-vaccination period. We calculated the weekly infection rates during the pre-vaccination (1 October–26 December 2020) and post-vaccination period (27 December 2020–31 March 2021). Cox analysis was used to analyze survival by vaccination status. The study involved 3730 residents (mean age 84, 69% female). Weekly infection rates fluctuated during the pre-vaccination period (1.8%–6.5%) and dropped to zero during the post-vaccination period. Nine unvaccinated (UN), 56 partially vaccinated (PV) and 35 fully vaccinated (FV) residents tested SARS-CoV-2+ during the post-vaccination period. FV showed significantly lower hospitalization and mortality rates than PV and UV (hospitalization: FV 3%, PV 14%, UV 33%; mortality: FV 6%, PV 18%, UV 56%). The death risk was 84% and 96% lower in PV (HR 0.157, 95%CI 0.049–0.491) and FV (HR 0.037, 95%CI 0.006–0.223) versus UV. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was followed by a marked decline in infection rates and was associated with lower morbidity and mortality among infected NH residents.
48
Alvyanti, Frisca Aulia Alvyanti, Gading Nasywaa Aji Azzahra, and Shastri Cahyaningtyas. "Increasing the Usability of Ageratum Conyzoides Linn And Ocium Sanctum L To Become Eco-Friendly Sunblock As Skin Protection From Ultraviolet Rays A And B." KESANS : International Journal of Health and Science 1, no. 5 (February 20, 2022): 480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54543/kesans.v1i5.32.
Full textAbstract:
Indonesia is a tropical country with an ultraviolet index above 11, coupled with global warming causing the level of ultraviolet radiation to increase. This has great potential to cause damage to the skin. Therefore, sunblock protects the skin from the dangers of exposure to UV rays. cosmetic products sunblock is accompanied by the circulation of various sunblock made from synthetic chemicals which of course can endanger health. Based on these problems, the authors created an innovative sunblock from bandotan root extract and basil leaves. This type of research is descriptive analysis with literature review. Based on the studies that have been carried out, it is known that bandotan root extract (Ageratum Conyzoides Linn) has the potential as a sunblock because it contains tannins and flavonoid compounds that can absorb UV A rays at a concentration of 150 ppm. While the basil leaf extract (Ocimum sanctum L) can absorb UV B rays because there are flavonoid and phenol compounds SPF 8.58 is obtained at a concentration of 0.03%. Bandotan root and basil leaf extracts were obtained through maceration and evaporation techniques, while rose water as a solvent was obtained by distillation techniques. The results obtained, namely: (1) increasing the usability of bandotan roots and basil leaves; (2) reducing pathological risk from harmful UV rays; (3) alternative for making sunblock made from natural and halal ingredients. Thus, sunblock is eco-friendly.
49
Patel, Bharat, Pravin Ram, Taslimahemad Khatri, Vijay Ram, and Pragnesh Dave. "Study of Anticoagulant Dabigatran by Analytical Instrumentation." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 30 (March 2014): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.30.233.
Full textAbstract:
Dabigatran with IUPAC name 3-({2-[(4-Carbamimidoyl-phenylamino)-methyl]-1-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole-5-carbonyl}-pyridin-2-yl-amino)-propionic acid, which can be used to prevent strokes in those with atrial fibrillation due to causes other than heart valve disease, and at least one additional risk factor for stroke (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, and prior stroke), with molecular formula C34H41N7H5 was studied in detail for functional group analysis with FTIR, characteristic absorbance by UV-NIR, thermal behavior by TGA-DTA-DSC, particle size and stability of the molecule with Nano particle size analyzer. The structure was confirmed by LC-MS/MS with ESI probe and mass was found in aggregation with the reported standard values. The purity of drug was determined by Prep. HPLC analysis. FTIR analysis showed the characteristic peak of carboxylic acid, UV-NIR analysis showed that the λmax was 224 nm with methanol as a diluent, the compound was found stable in the thermal analysis, the average particle size was found to be 25.2 nm, Z-average as 0.2 nm and zeta potential as -67.6 mv hence showed excellent stability in the zeta potential analysis as per ASTM standards D4187-82, American Society of Testing and Materials, 1985.
50
Patel, Bharat, Pravin Ram, Taslimahemad Khatri, Vijay Ram, and Pragnesh Dave. "Study of Anticoagulant Dabigatran by Analytical Instrumentation." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 30 (March 12, 2014): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-60gwoj.
Full textAbstract:
Dabigatran with IUPAC name 3-({2-[(4-Carbamimidoyl-phenylamino)-methyl]-1-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole-5-carbonyl}-pyridin-2-yl-amino)-propionic acid, which can be used to prevent strokes in those with atrial fibrillation due to causes other than heart valve disease, and at least one additional risk factor for stroke (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, and prior stroke), with molecular formula C34H41N7H5 was studied in detail for functional group analysis with FTIR, characteristic absorbance by UV-NIR, thermal behavior by TGA-DTA-DSC, particle size and stability of the molecule with Nano particle size analyzer. The structure was confirmed by LC-MS/MS with ESI probe and mass was found in aggregation with the reported standard values. The purity of drug was determined by Prep. HPLC analysis. FTIR analysis showed the characteristic peak of carboxylic acid, UV-NIR analysis showed that the λmax was 224 nm with methanol as a diluent, the compound was found stable in the thermal analysis, the average particle size was found to be 25.2 nm, Z-average as 0.2 nm and zeta potential as -67.6 mv hence showed excellent stability in the zeta potential analysis as per ASTM standards D4187-82, American Society of Testing and Materials, 1985.