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Journal articles on the topic 'Uv paints'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Homa, Piotr, Beata Tryba, and Andżelika Gęsikiewicz-Puchalska. "Impact of paint matrix composition and thickness of paint layer on the activity of photocatalytic paints." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 19, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2017-0016.

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Abstract Silicate, acrylic and latex photocatalytic paints were analyzed in regards to impact of paint matrix composition and paint layer’s thickness on performance in two photocatalytic tests. These included performances in photocatalytic decomposition of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and assessment of photocatalytic activity through use of smart ink test. Silicate photocatalytic paints displayed lower photocatalytic activity in comparison to acrylic and latex photocatalytic paints in both tests, despite the similar content of nanocrystalline TiO2. Measurements of depth of UV light penetration through the paints layer were performed and it appeared, that more porous structure of coating resulted in deeper penetration of UV light. In the case of acrylic paint, the thickness of the photocatalytic layer was around 9 μm, but for silicate paint DR this thickness was higher, around 21 μm.
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2

Zhang, Xiao Ning, Wen Bin Cao, Yan Hong Li, and Fan Yong Ran. "Preparation of N-Doped TiO2 Photocatalytic Paint and its Sterilization Performance under Visible-Light Irradiation." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 1964–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1964.

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A new functional photocatalytic paint was prepared by adding N-doped nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 powders into self-engineered oxidation resistance latex paint system. The property of the UV-Vis light absorbance of the paint was characterized. The effects of the amount, types, and the introducing methods of the TiO2 in the paints on the behavior of the UV absorption, photocatalytic properties of the paint were systematically investigated. UV-Vis absorption spectra reveal that the ultraviolet light can strongly be absorbed by the paints. The absorption edge of the N-doped nanocrystalline anatase powders modified paint has red-shifted to visible light region. The colony counting method is used to study its sterilization performance under visible light irradiation. The sterilization experiments show that the rate of sterilizing staphylococcal bacteria by the N-doped TiO2 modified paint can exceed more than 99% after the paint has been irradiated by the visible light for 2 to 4 hours.
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3

Liu, Panmiao, Zhuoying Xie, Fuyin Zheng, Yuanjin Zhao, and Zhongze Gu. "Surfactant-free HEMA crystal colloidal paint for structural color contact lens." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 4, no. 31 (2016): 5222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tb01089j.

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A new type of structural color paint was fabricated by dispersing poly(methyl methacrylate-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PMH) nanoparticles in 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) solvent without additional surfactants. The paints then were directly cast to form structural color contact lenses by UV polymerization in moulds.
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4

Bogdan, Sofia, Cecilia Deya, Oscar Micheloni, Natalia Bellotti, and Roberto Romagnoli. "Natural products to control biofilm on painted surfaces." Pigment & Resin Technology 47, no. 2 (March 5, 2018): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-01-2017-0004.

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Purpose This paper aims to study five vegetables extracts as possible additives to control bacterial growth on indoor waterborne paints. The extracts were obtained from the weeds Raphanus sativus, Rapistrum rugosum, Sinapis arvensis, Nicotiana longiflora and Dipsacus fullonum, used in traditional medicine as antimicrobial compounds. Design/methodology/approach Weeds extracts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was also determined. Afterward, selected extracts were incorporated in waterborne paint formulations. The paints’ antimicrobial activity was assessed against S. aureus, monitoring biofilm formation by environmental scanning electron microscopy. Findings As a general rule, results showed that tested paints were efficient in inhibiting biofilm formation, especially that formulated with Nicotiana longiflora. Practical implications The tested paints can be used to protect walls from microbial colonization, which shortened coatings’ useful life by discoloration and/or degradation. Concomitantly, indoor microbial colonization by aerosols could be also diminished. This is especially important in places that should have high standards of environmental hygiene, as in the food industry, health-care and sanitary centers. Originality/value The main value of this research was to study the antimicrobial activity of weeds extracts and to incorporate them in waterborne paints to diminish bacterial biofilm formation. This biofilm discolors and degrades the paint, and causes health problems. The use of natural compounds in coatings is increasing because of the convenience of using renewable sources, such as natural antimicrobials, in paint formulations.
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5

Solano, Ricardo, David Patiño-Ruiz, and Adriana Herrera. "Preparation of modified paints with nano-structured additives and its potential applications." Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology 10 (January 1, 2020): 184798042090918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1847980420909188.

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Recently, an increase in the production of intelligent nanomaterials has been reported for the application of solid surface coating. These nanomaterials provide a wide number of functionalities such as anticorrosive, antibacterial, and self-cleaning properties. Hence, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized using a green chemistry approach. These nanoparticles were fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller test, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm. Then, a commercial enamel-type paint was modified by using different concentrations (2, 3.5, and 5 w/v%) of nanoparticles. These nanofilled paints were then brushed onto the surface of different types of materials such as carbon steel sheets, wood sheets, and aluminum disks. Anticorrosive, self-cleaning, and antibacterial properties of the nanofilled paints were evaluated, with the aim to determine the capability for this application. According to the characterization results, TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles exhibited similar physicochemical properties compared to those synthesized using traditional methods. The anticorrosion results revealed that nanofilled paints provide a barrier using low concentrations of nanoparticles, due to the decrease of agglomerates on the surface avoiding the presence of high porosity. In the case of self-cleaning, a proposed mechanism of degradation demonstrated that the presence of both nanoparticles in the paint provided high degradation of methylene blue due to the high surface area offered by the nanoparticles. On the other hand, antibacterial activity under UV light was observed only for ZnO nanoparticles, which may be related to the diffusion of nanoparticles into the cell membrane of the bacteria, affecting the normal function. These results showed to be promising for the modification of paints with TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles, and the application on solid surfaces for the construction, and even in textile fields.
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6

Malshe, V. C., and S. Elango. "Substituted benzotriazole as UV absorber for paints." Surface Coatings International Part B: Coatings Transactions 87, no. 4 (December 2004): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02699677.

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7

Cárdaba, Irene, Luca Porcarelli, Antonela Gallastegui, David Mecerreyes, and Miren Itxaso Maguregui. "Easy-to-Make Polymer Hydrogels by UV-Curing for the Cleaning of Acrylic Emulsion Paint Films." Polymers 13, no. 13 (June 26, 2021): 2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132108.

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The cleaning of acrylic emulsion paint surfaces poses a great challenge in the conservation field, due to their high water sensitivity. In this article, we present easy-to-make polymer hydrogels, made by UV-photopolymerization, that show excellent cleaning properties. The formulation of hydrogels obtained by UV-curing and their performance as dry cleaners for acrylic paints was investigated. First, different hydrogel formulations based on functional acrylic monomers were used to formulate a series of UV cross-linked hydrogels by fast UV photopolymerization. Their effectiveness on surface dirt removal was investigated by SEM microscopy and colorimetry. The hydrogels showed excellent cleaning properties and controlled water release, and they still performed satisfactorily after several cleaning uses. The obtained UV-hydrogels were compared to the well-known agar gels, showing benefits in terms of reducing excess water. This article shows that easy-to-make UV-cured hydrogels are an efficient tool for the cleaning of surface dirt from water-sensitive paintings, overcoming the limits of traditional cleaning methods.
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8

Ibrahim, Bahruddin, Zuchra Helwani, Ivan Fadhillah, Arya Wiranata, and Joni Miharyono. "Properties of Emulsion Paint with Modified Natural Rubber Latex/Polyvinyl Acetate Blend Binder." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010296.

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The direct use of natural rubber latex (NRL) as a binder for emulsion paints did not produce emulsion paints with good opacity, washability resistance, and regulated touch drying time, even when mixed with polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). This study aimed to study the properties of opacity (hiding power), washability resistance, and set drying touch time of emulsion paint with a binder added from a mixture of modified natural rubber latex (NRL) and PVAc. NRL modifications included UV photodepolymerization with TiO2 catalyst and grafting copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and styrene (NRL-g-(MMA-co-St)). NRL was mixed with PVAC at ratios of 0/100; 15/85; 25/75; 35/65; 50/50; 100/0% w/w before being used as a binder for emulsion paint. Emulsion paint samples had different binder contents, namely 2, 4, 6, and 8% w/w. Tests on paint samples included opacity using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (EASYSPEC safas Monaco), washability using the Digital BGD 526 Wet Abrasion Scrub Tester, and drying time set using the ASTM STP500 procedure. The results showed that the opacity (hiding power), washability resistance, and set drying touch time met the emulsion paint standards for all binder levels, except the 100% w/w modified NRL composition. The higher level of NRL in the binder causes these properties to decrease and become unstable. The best opacity (hidden power), washing resistance, and drying touch time were obtained on modified NRL with a concentration of 15% w/w. The binder content in the paint was around 4% w/w, with an opacity of about 1.78% abs, washing resistance of 12 times, and the set drying touch time to 80 min.
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9

Gennaro, M. C., V. Gianotti, F. Alberi, S. Angelino, and M. Scagliotti. "CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF UV ABSORBERS IN CAR PAINTS." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 22, no. 17 (January 1999): 2689–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/jlc-100102052.

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10

Cimino, Dafne, Raffaella Lamuraglia, Ilaria Saccani, Michela Berzioli, and Francesca Caterina Izzo. "Assessing the (In)Stability of Urban Art Paints: From Real Case Studies to Laboratory Investigations of Degradation Processes and Preservation Possibilities." Heritage 5, no. 2 (March 24, 2022): 581–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5020033.

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Urban art as a shared expression of street art between artists, citizenship and municipalities has always had an important role in the social life and appearance of modern cities. However, the durability of urban and street artworks is susceptible to the degradation processes that the employed commercial paint formulations undergo once outdoors. These are complex mixtures of compounds, differently sensitive to environmental agents according to their chemical nature. Starting from the colorimetric analysis of murals created in 2010, 2011 and 2018 in Reggio Emilia, Italy, documenting their degradation already after a few months, this study aimed at understanding the stability of the most unstable paints used by the artists in these artworks. A multi-analytical approach evaluated the commercial products under the chemical point of view, after natural and accelerated ageing. Additionally, two manufactured anti-UV varnishes were evaluated for their possible use as coatings. The results pinpointed the weaknesses of the selected paints and highlighted how the application of an anti-UV coating might slightly affect the visual aspect of the artwork, though ensuring a greater resistance to the outdoor conditions due to their minor chemical sensitivity to environmental agents.
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11

Turkmenoglu, Mustafa. "End of Life and Beginning of Life Thermal Analysis of a Micro Satellite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 798 (October 2015): 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.798.551.

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Satellites with passive thermal control system use thermal coatings, secondary and first surface mirrors and paints to maintain the temperatures of their electronic equipment within operating temperatures. Satellite coatings are exposed to harsh space environments like ultraviolet radiation (UV) and atomic oxygen (AO) that cause thermal degradation. As nature of the space environment, degradation of the surface paints and coatings cause increase in temperatures of the equipment in time. Thermal designer must consider the thermal degradation of the coatings and paints and optimize the radiator sizes of the satellite at Beginning of Life (BOL) and End of Life (EOL) of the satellite in order to maintain the temperatures of equipment within their safe operation limits. For this analysis, a micro-class satellite using passive thermal control with surface paints and interface conductance within each equipment has been studied. The satellite top surface (+Z) faces the earth and bottom surface (-Z) faces deep space. The lateral sides of the satellite are covered with honeycomb solar panels and top and bottom surfaces are covered with white paint which act as satellite radiator. The satellite orbit has been considered as 700 km Sun-Synchronous Low Earth Orbit. In this analysis BOL and EOL thermo optical properties have been used to predict the satellite temperatures before and after degradation of paints. Thermal analysis have been performed and predicted temperatures obtained by using THERMICA thermal analysis software.
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12

Allan, Sandra A., Justin George, Lukasz L. Stelinski, and Stephen L. Lapointe. "Attributes of Yellow Traps Affecting Attraction of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)." Insects 11, no. 7 (July 16, 2020): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11070452.

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Laboratory assays were conducted to evaluate responses of Diaphorina citri to various aspects of visual cues associated with traps in an effort to improve trap effectiveness. Addition of white or UV violet but not yellow light-emitting diodes (LEDs) increased attraction to standard yellow adhesive traps moderately (11–17%), with no difference in attraction between white or UV violet LEDs. Addition of a black border on yellow traps enhanced collections. However, there were no differences between attraction to black patterns on traps. Comparisons were made between different commercial paints, some with UV-reflecting properties or fluorescence. A yellow paint with UV reflectance, used for painting bird decoys (decoy yellow), was more attractive than the standard yellow Olson sticky trap. Addition of white or green pigment to increase intensity or enhance green reflectance, respectively, did not increase attraction. Alteration of reflectance of Olson traps with addition of UV-reflecting or fluorescent pigments did not enhance attraction of D. citri. In field comparisons, decoy yellow and fluorescent yellow sticky traps were more attractive to D. citri than Olson yellow.
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13

KOIKE, Nobuaki. "Application of UV Curable Resins for Use as Paints." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 92, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai.92.49.

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14

Cogulet, Antoine, Pierre Blanchet, and Véronic Landry. "Evaluation of the Impacts of Four Weathering Methods on Two Acrylic Paints: Showcasing Distinctions and Particularities." Coatings 9, no. 2 (February 15, 2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9020121.

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Two commercial waterborne wood acrylic paints were applied to wood samples and the weathering resistance of samples was tested using four different weathering methods: outdoor exposure in Arizona (USA), Florida (USA), and the province of Quebec (Canada), and accelerated weathering in a QUV (fluorescent) weatherometer. Degradation was characterised by colorimetric and FTIR analyses. FTIR confirmed the importance of paint composition in the resistance of samples to weathering. Polymer sensitivity to UV radiation was clearly evident. An interpretation of discoloration in terms of either the energy received by the samples or the length of exposure is presented. Strong differences existed between the four weathering methods. Particularities of each method are discussed and recommendations regarding their application for effective testing are proposed. Overall, in addition to accelerated weathering tests, we conclude that it is necessary to test paints in an end-use environment for accurate assessment of their likely performance. This study confirms the multifactorial aspect of the weathering process.
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15

Prommin, Vittaya, Lek Sikong, and Kalyanee Kooptarnond. "Self-Cleaning and Antibacterial Properties of Paint Containing ZnO and WO3 Co-Doped VO2 Thermochromic Nano-Pigment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 835 (May 2016): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.835.27.

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Thermochromic nano-pigments of ZnO and WO3 co-doped VO2 for mixing in paint were prepared by chemical method. The samples were successfully synthesized after annealing at 700°C for 1 h in nitrogen atmosphere. ZnO concentrations of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 at% were co-doped with WO3 in VO2. The 0.1 at% ZnO doping exhibited an amorphous phase, while 0.3 and 0.5 at% ZnO doping showed monoclinic phase having thermochromic transition temperatures of 59.43 and 52.60°C, respectively. The crystallite size of 0.5 at% ZnO doped monoclinic phase was 42 nm. The coating paints on glass substrates were prepared by mixing white colour paint with 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt% of the 0.5 at% ZnO and WO3 co-doped VO2 nano-pigment. It was found that the paint with 0.5 wt% loading exhibited self-cleaning properties and 99.99% antibacterial against under UV irradiation for 40 min.
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16

Cao, Wen Bin, Yi Wei, Yan Hong Li, and Xiao Ning Zhang. "Visible-Light Activity of N-Doped TiO2 Powders and their Applications." Materials Science Forum 544-545 (May 2007): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.167.

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Nitrogen-doped TiO2 has been prepared by calcining technical grade guanidine hydrochloride and commercial anatase TiO2 powders. XRD patterns indicate that the prepared powders are composed of anatase. XPS results show that N atoms have been incorporated into the lattice of anatase. UV-Vis reflectance spectra show that the light absorption of the synthesized N-doped anatase powders has red-shifted well into visible-light region. Degradation of methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution by N-doped anatase has been investigated by UV-Vis light spectrophotometer. The 400-mL 10 mg/L aqueous solution of MB could be degraded with 4 g N-doped TiO2 within 4.5 hrs of visible light irradiation. Photocatalytic paint was prepared by adding the synthesized N-doped nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 powders into self-engineered oxidation resistance latex paint system. The effects of the amount and types of the TiO2 in the paints on the sterilization were systematically investigated. The colony counting method was used to study its sterilization performance under visible light irradiation. The sterilization experiments show that the rate of sterilizing E. coli by the N-doped TiO2 modified paint can exceed more than 99% after irradiation by the visible light for 2 to 4 hours.
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17

HIDA, Keiji, and Hideo TOMIOKA. "Synthesis and Their Application to UV Curable Paints of New UV Absorbers with Blocked Hydroxyl Group." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 72, no. 12 (1999): 739–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai1937.72.739.

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18

Pintus, Valentina, Shuya Wei, and Manfred Schreiner. "UV ageing studies: evaluation of lightfastness declarations of commercial acrylic paints." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 402, no. 4 (September 16, 2011): 1567–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5369-5.

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19

Sokol, Andrew A. "UV-curable paints & coatings: A practical application of quantum mechanics." Metal Finishing 96, no. 1 (January 1998): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(97)80241-3.

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20

Wojciechowski, Kamil, Ewa Skowera, Ewa Pietniewicz, Grazyna Z. Zukowska, Leendert G. J. van der Ven, Igor Korczagin, and Przemyslaw Malanowski. "UV stability of polymeric binder films used in waterborne facade paints." Progress in Organic Coatings 77, no. 2 (February 2014): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2013.10.003.

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21

Kim, Miyeon, Hyunggeun Kim, and Jinchul Park. "Empirical NOx Removal Analysis of Photocatalytic Construction Materials at Real-Scale." Materials 14, no. 19 (September 30, 2021): 5717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195717.

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The NOx removal performance of photocatalytic construction materials is demonstrated using two experiments under indoor and outdoor environments: (1) A photoreactor test was conducted to assess the NO removal performance of construction materials (e.g., coatings, paints and shotcrete) using a modified ISO 22197-1 method; (2) A water washing test was conducted using two specimens enlarged to the size of actual building materials and artificially exposed to NOx in a laboratory to analyze NOx removal performance. For (1), the UV irradiation of the outdoor environment was analyzed and the experiment was conducted in an indoor laboratory under UV irradiation identical to that of the outdoor condition. Photoreactor tests were conducted on construction materials applied to actual buildings located in Seoul, South Korea. In (2), the enlarged specimen was used for a field experiment by applying a modified method from the ISO 22197-1 standard. On sunny days, the NOx removal performance (3.12–4.76 μmol/150 cm2·5 h) was twice as much as that of the ISO 22197-1 standard specification (2.03 μmol/150 cm2·5 h) in the real-world. The washing water test results indicated that general aqueous paint achieved a NOx removal of 3.88 μmol, whereas photocatalytic paint was superior to 14.13 μmol.
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22

Magaji, A., H. Musa, F. A Sheshe, and S. I Alhassan. "Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of silver nanoparticles embedded alkyd resin derived from pine seed oil." International Journal of Advanced Chemistry 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31503.

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Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing 0.1mmol silver Nitrate salt with 5ml of neem leaf extract, in an environmental friendly process. The nanoparticles were tested to have strong zones of inhibition on the antibacterial and antifungal isolates; E. Coli, staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and mucor species used. UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis was carried out on both the silver nitrate salt and silver nanoparticles, which show bathochromic shift from 221nm (AgNO3) to 440nm (AgNPs). Pine seed oil was condensed to alkyd resin via two step reactions; alcoholysis and esterification reactions respectively, and was characterized by FTIR, acid value and viscometric measurement. Antimicrobial evaluation was carried out on the pine seed oil with its alkyd resin. Pine alkyd resin was used in the formulation of paints with percentage Pigment Volume Concentrations (%PVC) 4 and 5% respectively, and is classified as automotive clearcoat. Chemical resistance, scratch resistance, light fastness, and drying schedule tests were conducted on the paints and are found to exhibit good properties which are similar to commercial paints. Antimicrobial evaluation of the paints incorporated with silver nanoparticles revealed more inhibition zones than those without silver nanoparticles.
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23

Musidang, Apinya, and Nantana Jiratumnukul. "Preparation of Poly(Lactic Acid) Acrylate for UV-Curable Coating Applications." Key Engineering Materials 659 (August 2015): 570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.659.570.

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UV-curable process is widely used for paints, inks and adhesives due to its rapid curing, low energy consumption, high efficiency and low volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The objective of this research is to prepare poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based UV-curable coating by using glycolyzed PLA. PLA was glycolyzed by ethylene glycol (EG) at 170°C for 90 minutes. The obtained glycolyzed PLA was reacted with methacrylic anhydride (MAAH) to provide PLA acrylate oligomer. The obtained PLA acrylate oligomer was used in coating formulations with various amounts of photoinitiator and cured under UV radiation. Physical properties of cured coating film were investigated such as pencil hardness, gloss and haze. The results showed that poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based UV-curable coating provided good physical properties.
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24

Sadeghifar, Hasan, and Arthur Ragauskas. "Lignin as a UV Light Blocker—A Review." Polymers 12, no. 5 (May 15, 2020): 1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051134.

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Lignin is the by-product of pulp and paper industries and bio-refining operations. It is available as the leading natural phenolic biopolymer in the market. It has chromophore functional groups and can absorb a broad spectrum of UV light in range of 250–400 nm. Using lignin as a natural ingredient in sunscreen cream, transparent film, paints, varnishes and microorganism protection has been actively investigated. Both in non-modified and modified forms, lignin provides enhancing UV protection of commercial products with less than a 10% blend with other material. In mixtures with other synthetic UV blockers, lignin indicated synergic effects and increased final UV blocking potential in compare with using only synthetic UV blocker or lignin. However, using lignin as a UV blocker is also challenging due to its complex structure, polydispersity in molecular weight, brownish color and some impurities that require more research in order to make it an ideal bio-based UV blocker.
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Gardey Merino María Celeste, Rodriguez Ibarra Mariana Estela, Lascalea Gustavo Enrique, and Vázquez Patricia Graciela. "Synthesis and characterization of Co3O4 nanoparticles for use as pigments in solar absorbing paints." GSC Advanced Engineering and Technology 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 007–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscaet.2021.1.2.0033.

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This aim of this research is to produce Co3O4 oxide by means of one-step solution novel combustion methods using aspatic acid (C4H7NO4); lysine (C6H14N2O2); tris (hydroximethyl) aminomethane (NH2C (CH2OH)3) and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (C10H16N2O8) as fuels. The pigments were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform and UV-VIS-IR Spectrophotometry. The paint based on alkyd resin was made from pigments obtained (Co3O4 oxide). In order to make a comparison of the thermal emittance of the paint, two different formulations were prepared and these coating are named "absorbent paint coating": one that included 1% by weight of aluminum in metallic powder and another, with 1% of copper in metallic powder, respectively. The solar absorbance for the Co3O4 powders, plus quartz cuvette, gave a value of 0.9 in all cases. An extraordinary value of absorption on the coatings between 95 and 96% was noted. These results suggested that the synthesis of combustion in solution makes it possible to obtain a Co3O4 absorbent pigment with different fuels. These syntheses have a low environmental impact because they are one-step processes. All use low amounts of reactive ash obtained at a calcination of about 500 °C. These results suggest the possibility of utilizing this oxide in absorbent solar paints.
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26

Zhang, Tao, Kairui Zhang, Tao Li, Chaoxia Wang, and Fan Yang. "Oligomer-in-water emulsion based waterborne UV-curable paints for cotton printing." Pigment & Resin Technology 43, no. 5 (August 26, 2014): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-01-2013-0046.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to prepare waterborne UV-curable pigment pastes for cotton fabric printing. Design/methodology/approach – O/W (oligomer-in-water) emulsions of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) oligomer in sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) aqueous solution were prepared by ultrasonic emulsification method. Findings – The present work studies various factors affecting the stability and droplet size of the O/W emulsion stabilised by SDBS. The optimal emulsifier concentration was 2.5 per cent, under which condition the stability of the emulsion increased as the emulsifier content increased, with a subsequent decrease in the droplet size of the emulsion, while above which emulsion agglomeration occurred. Increasing the power and duration of ultrasonic dispersion resulted in increased emulsion stability and decreased droplet size, while increases in the oligomer content reduced the emulsion stability. Darocure 1173 mixed with PUA and then emulsified in the SDBS aqueous solution guaranteed uniform dispersion of the photoinitiator, resulting in faster curing speed. Originality/value – This paper presents a new method for making waterborne externally emulsified oligomers for UV curing, and finds that it is easy to convert the existing oligomers into waterborne equivalents by this method. Cotton fabrics printed with the oligomer emulsion based pastes were found to have good colour strength and crockfastness.
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27

Krmpotić, Matea, Dubravka Jembrih-Simbürger, Zdravko Siketić, Marta Anghelone, and Iva Bogdanović Radović. "Study of UV ageing effects in modern artists’ paints with MeV-SIMS." Polymer Degradation and Stability 195 (January 2022): 109769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109769.

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28

Cao, Xian Long, Hong Da Deng, and Wei Lan. "Study of Pressure Sensitive Coating Using Palladium Octaethylporphyrin as Luminescent Molecule." Advanced Materials Research 143-144 (October 2010): 1002–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.143-144.1002.

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Pressure sensitive paint (PSP) has become a useful tool to measure the surface pressure distribution of aerodynamic components replacing conventional pressure taps. For the PSP technique based on the luminescence quenching by oxygen, improvement of its sensitivity is important. In this study, we synthesized palladium octaethylporphyrin (PdOEP) as luminophor and embeded PdOEP in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as polymeric binder to make up of pressure sensitive paints. We used UV/Vis spectrometer and spectrofluorimeter to study the absorption and phosphorescence spectra of PdOEP. In addition, by our self-made experimental setup, the sensitivity of PSPs were examined especially in the range of pressure below 150 Pa. As a result, it is clarified that the PSP using PdOEP as a luminophore and using PDMS as a binder has very high sensitivity to oxygen pressure in low pressure conditions below 150 Pa.
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Oujja, Mohamed, Ana García, Carolina Romero, Javier R. Vázquez de Aldana, Pablo Moreno, and Marta Castillejo. "UV laser removal of varnish on tempera paints with nanosecond and femtosecond pulses." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 13, no. 10 (2011): 4625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0cp02147d.

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Solina, Elena V., Valentin V. Safonov, and Victor B. Ivanov. "Optimization of oligourethane methacrylate based UV paints composition for printing on cotton fabrics." Textile Research Journal 81, no. 1 (August 24, 2010): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517510380106.

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Ahmad, Zaki, and Faheemuddin Patel. "Development of Novel Corrosion Techniques for a Green Environment." International Journal of Corrosion 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/982972.

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The synergistic effect of air pollution, brown clouds and greenhouse gasses is deleterious to human health and industrial products. The use of toxic inhibitors, chemicals in water treatment plants, and anti-fouling agents in desalination plants has contributed to the greenhouse effect. Conventional anti-corrosion techniques such as paints, coatings, inhibitor treatments, and cathodic protection paid no regard to greenhouse effect. Work on eco-friendly anti-corrosion techniques is scanty and largely proprietary. The use of nano-TiO2particles introduced in alkyds and polyurethane-based coatings showed a higher corrosion resistance compared to conventional TiO2coatings with significant photocatalytic activity to kill bacteria. The use of UV radiations for photo-inhibition of stainless steel in chloride solution can replace toxic inhibitors. Corrosion inhibition has also been achieved by using natural materials such as polymers instead of toxic chemical inhibitors, without adverse environmental impact. TiO2films exposed to UV radiation have shown the capability to protect the steel without sacrificing the film. Self-healing materials with encapsulated nanoparticles in paints and coatings have shown to heal the defects caused by corrosion. These innovative techniques provide a direction to the corrosion scientists, engineers, and environmentalists who are concerned about the increasing contamination of the planet and maintaining a green environment.
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Honzíček, Jan, Eliška Matušková, Štěpán Voneš, and Jaromír Vinklárek. "Helmet Phthalocyaninato Iron Complex as a Primary Drier for Alkyd Paints." Materials 14, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051220.

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This study describes the catalytic performance of an iron(III) complex bearing a phthalocyaninato-like ligand in two solvent-borne and two high-solid alkyd binders. Standardized mechanical tests revealed strong activity, which appeared in particular cases at concentrations about one order of magnitude lower than in the case of cobalt(II) 2-ethylhexanoate, widespread used in paint-producing industry. The effect of the iron(III) compound on autoxidation process, responsible for alkyd curing, was quantified by kinetic measurements by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy and compared with several primary driers. Effect of the drier concentration on coloration of transparent coatings was determined by UV–Vis spectroscopy.
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Rus, Traian, Iosif Lingvay, Alina Ruxana Caramitu, Adriana Mariana Bors, and Danut Ionel Vaireanu. "Comparative Studies on the UV Radiations Resistance of Some Painting Materials." Materiale Plastice 54, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 720–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.4.4931.

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UV radiation has a long-term effect on the durability of anti-corrosive coatings applied by painting, generating conditions for accelerated localized corrosion of the protected metallic structure with adverse effects on operational safety. This paper presents a comparative study of the behavior of some painting materials ageing by exposure to UV radiation relevant by the investigation of dielectric behavior using dielectric spectroscopy in conjunction with the thermal stability investigated by coupled techniques of thermal analysis. From a practical point of view, the UV radiation behavior of two materials based on epoxy resins and polyurethane resin used as paints for protective decorative coatings was studied. The results of experimental investigations have shown that in the aging process of the studied painting materials there is a direct correlation between the evolution of the maximum temperature characteristic of the first thermooxidation process and the evolution of the dielectric performances (dielectric loss - tgd).
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Stoecklein, W., and H. Fujiwara. "The examination of UV-absorbers in 2-coat metallic and non-metallic automotive paints." Science & Justice 39, no. 3 (July 1999): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1355-0306(99)72046-0.

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35

Mejía-González, Adrián, Sandra Zetina, Manuel E. Espinosa-Pesqueira, and Nuria Esturau-Escofet. "Characterization of commercial artists’ acrylic paints and the influence of UV light on aging." International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 22, no. 6 (May 5, 2017): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023666x.2017.1324753.

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36

Rossi, Stefano, Hampus Lindmark, and Michele Fedel. "Colored Paints Containing NIR-Reflective Pigments Exposed to Accelerated Ultraviolet Radiation Aging with Possible Application as Roof Coatings." Coatings 10, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111135.

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This study aims to evaluate the difference in thermal behavior among paints with the presence of traditional and NIR pigments by means of a simple and cheap laboratory-scale test. Considering these goals, the thermal and esthetical properties of two different cool coatings were assessed, highlighting their positive and limited aspects. Two different complex near-infrared inorganic reflective (NIR) pigments with yellow and black respectably colors were mixed in an acrylic waterborne copolymer binder. The paint formulations were applied on steel panels. The thermal performance of the coatings was investigated in the NIR-region of the light spectrum by exposing the samples to an IR-lamp. The outer and inner surface temperatures of the painted panels were recorded using thermocouples and an IR camera. The samples were aged by artificial UV-B light exposure. Color and specular gloss changes at different exposure times were evaluated. The behavior of the cool coatings was compared with that of conventional coatings with similar color characteristics. The black cool coating achieved a maximum temperature decrease, compared to the conventional black one, of approximately 12 °C. The stability for the cool coatings was very similar to that of the conventional coating, indicating that black pigment could be a potential candidate for cool-coating applications. The yellow cool coatings did not show a significant decrease in temperature compared to the conventional paint. The gloss and color changes resulted as influenced by the types and amount of pigments.
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Pintus, Valentina, Shuya Wei, and Manfred Schreiner. "Accelerated UV ageing studies of acrylic, alkyd, and polyvinyl acetate paints: Influence of inorganic pigments." Microchemical Journal 124 (January 2016): 949–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2015.07.009.

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Wojciechowski, Kamil, Grazyna Z. Zukowska, Igor Korczagin, and Przemyslaw Malanowski. "Effect of TiO2 on UV stability of polymeric binder films used in waterborne facade paints." Progress in Organic Coatings 85 (August 2015): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2015.04.002.

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39

Olatunbosun Oyedeji, Folashade, and Busayo Abiodun Taiwo. "Effects of UV on Ageing Properties of some Nail Polishes, Acrylic Emulsions and Gloss Paints." International Journal of Sciences 3, no. 02 (2017): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18483/ijsci.1190.

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Hageraats, Selwin, Katrien Keune, Matthieu Réfrégiers, Annelies van Loon, Barbara Berrie, and Mathieu Thoury. "Synchrotron Deep-UV Photoluminescence Imaging for the Submicrometer Analysis of Chemically Altered Zinc White Oil Paints." Analytical Chemistry 91, no. 23 (October 29, 2019): 14887–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02443.

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Sinhababu, Mohua, Anurag Roy, Narendra Kumar, Monojit Dutta, Senthilarasu Sundaram, Smagul Karazhanov, and Gopalkrishnan Udayabhanu. "Surface Treatment of Industrial-Grade Magnetite Particles for Enhanced Thermal Stability and Mitigating Paint Contaminants." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (September 4, 2021): 2299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092299.

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Pigments can retain their color for many centuries and can withstand the effects of light and weather. The paint industry suffers from issues like aggressive moisture, corrosion, and further environmental contamination of the pigment materials. Low-cost, long-lasting, and large-scale pigments are highly desirable to protect against the challenges of contamination that exist in the paint industry. This exploratory study reinforces the color and thermal stability of industrial-grade (IG) magnetite (Fe3O4). IG Fe3O4 pigments were further considered for surface treatment with sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP). This metaphosphate hexamer sequestrant provides good dispersion ability and a high surface energy giving thermal and dust protection to the pigment. Various physicochemical characterizations were employed to understand the effectiveness of this treatment across various temperatures (180–300 °C). The X-ray diffraction, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques signify that the SHMP-treated Fe3O4 acquired magnetite phase stability up to 300 °C. In addition, the delta-E color difference method was also adopted to measure the effective pigment properties, where the delta-E value significantly decreased from 8.77 to 0.84 once treated with SHMP at 300 °C. The distinct color retention at 300 °C and the improved dispersion properties of surface-treated Fe3O4 positions this pigment as a robust candidate for high-temperature paint and coating applications. This study further encompasses an effort to design low-cost, large-scale, and thermally stable pigments that can protect against UV-rays, dust, corrosion, and other color contaminants that are endured by building paints.
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Yivlialin, Galli, Raimondo, Martini, and Sassella. "Detecting the NIR Fingerprint of Colors: The Characteristic Response of Modern Blue Pigments." Heritage 2, no. 3 (July 30, 2019): 2255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2030137.

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Reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis), and near infrared (NIR) range is widely applied to art studies for the characterization of paints and pigments, with the advantages of non-invasive techniques. Isolating and detecting the fingerprint of pigments, especially in the NIR range, is quite challenging, since the presence of vibrational transitions of the most common organic functional groups prevents to relate the optical spectrum of a composite sample, as an artwork is, to each one of its elements (i.e., support, binder, and specific pigment). In this work, a method is presented to obtain the UV-Vis-NIR optical response of the single components of a model composite sample reproducing an artwork, i.e., the support, the binder, and the pigment or dye, by using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. This allowed us to obtain the NIR spectral fingerprint of blue pigments and to identify specific features possibly applicable for detecting cobalt and phthalocyanine blue colors in artwork analysis.
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43

Dong, Guihua, Bing Chen, Bo Liu, Stanislav R. Stoyanov, Yiqi Cao, Min Yang, and Baiyu Zhang. "UV Stimulated Manganese Dioxide for the Persulfate Catalytic Degradation of Bisphenol A." Catalysts 11, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11040502.

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One of the most commonly produced industrial chemicals worldwide, bisphenol A (BPA), is used as a precursor in plastics, resins, paints, and many other materials. It has been proved that BPA can cause long-term adverse effects on ecosystems and human health due to its toxicity as an endocrine disruptor. In this study, we developed an integrated MnO2/UV/persulfate (PS) process for use in BPA photocatalytic degradation from water and examined the reaction mechanisms, degradation pathways, and toxicity reduction. Comparative tests using MnO2, PS, UV, UV/MnO2, MnO2/PS, and UV/PS processes were conducted under the same conditions to investigate the mechanism of BPA catalytic degradation by the proposed MnO2/UV/PS process. The best performance was observed in the MnO2/UV/PS process in which BPA was completely removed in 30 min with a reduction rate of over 90% for total organic carbon after 2 h. This process also showed a stable removal efficiency with a large variation of pH levels (3.6 to 10.0). Kinetic analysis suggested that 1O2 and SO4•− played more critical roles than •OH for BPA degradation. Infrared spectra showed that UV irradiation could stimulate the generation of –OH groups on the MnO2 photocatalyst surface, facilitating the PS catalytic degradation of BPA in this process. The degradation pathways were further proposed in five steps, and thirteen intermediates were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The acute toxicity was analyzed during the treatment, showing a slight increase (by 3.3%) in the first 30 min and then a decrease by four-fold over 2 h. These findings help elucidate the mechanism and pathways of BPA degradation and provide an effective PS catalytic strategy.
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44

Guerguer, Mohamed, Sanae Naamane, Zineb Edfouf, Olivier Raccurt, and Hassan Bouaouine. "Chemical Degradation and Color Changes of Paint Protective Coatings Used in Solar Glass Mirrors." Coatings 11, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11040476.

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This paper reports a study of the influence of outdoor natural aging on paint coatings applied to the back of three commercial solar glass mirrors (A1, C2, and D2) under two different exposure environments (marine and desert) in Morocco for a period of about three years. The aging assessment was carried out through colorimetric measurements and FTIR-ATR (Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared) analyses of the top coat paints. The obtained results demonstrate that the tested coating system had a high resistance at the desert site. Under the desert environment, no obvious changes to the coating occurred after 350 days. However, at the marine site, some color changes were detected, and the coating got yellow and more matte, especially for mirror A1. FTIR-ATR analyses have indicated many modifications in the intensity of many bonds of infrared spectra especially for paint of this mirror type (A1). This chemical degradation is not only due to UV degradation but also related to many factors, such as humidity, salinity, and rainfall. This finding was concluded after the faster degradation observed on samples exposed at the marine site. The present study confirms the need to use different exposure environments for testing the limits of new protective systems for solar glass mirrors rather than using only the real service conditions. Finally, accelerated tests are necessary for understanding the effect of each degrading parameter and their results should be compared to outdoor tests data for a complete analysis of coatings durability.
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45

OLADIPO, Olaniran T., Bolajoko A. AKINPELU, Abayomi E. FOLORUNSO, Anyim GODWIN, Segun E. OMOTOSO, Oluwatosin A. DOSUNMU, and Winnie A. JOSEPH. "Chemotaxonomic Study of Six Nigerian Ficus Species (Moraceae)." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb9210024.

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Cell-free extracts of six strains of Enterococcus species obtained from fermented foods were used for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biosynthesized AgNPs were dark brown in colour having surface plasmon resonance in the range of 420-442 nm. The spherical shaped AgNPs had sizes of 4-55 nm, whose formations were facilitated by proteins as indicated by the presence of peaks 1,635-1,637 and 3,275-3,313 cm-1 in the FTIR spectra. The energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) showed prominent presence of silver in the AgNPs colloidal solution, while the selected area electron diffraction was typified by the face-centred crystalline nature of silver. The particles inhibited the growth of multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris, and also potentiated the activities of ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and cefuroxime in the AgNPs-antibiotic synergy studies. In addition, the prospective relevance of the particles as nanopreservative in paints was demonstrated with the inhibition of growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger and A. flavus in AgNPs-paint admixture. This report further demonstrates the green synthesis of AgNPs by strains of Enterococcus species.
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OLADIPO, Iyabo C., Agbaje LATEEF, Musibau A. AZEEZ, Tesleem B. ASAFA, Taofeek A. YEKEEN, Akeem AKINBORO, Abiola S. AKINWALE, Evariste B. GUEGUIM-KANA, and Lorika S. BEUKES. "Green Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles using Cell Free-Extracts of Enterococcus species." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb929938.

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Cell-free extracts of six strains of Enterococcus species obtained from fermented foods were used for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biosynthesized AgNPs were dark brown in colour having surface plasmon resonance in the range of 420-442 nm. The spherical shaped AgNPs had sizes of 4-55 nm, whose formations were facilitated by proteins as indicated by the presence of peaks 1,635-1,637 and 3,275-3,313 cm-1 in the FTIR spectra. The energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) showed prominent presence of silver in the AgNPs colloidal solution, while the selected area electron diffraction was typified by the face-centred crystalline nature of silver. The particles inhibited the growth of multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris, and also potentiated the activities of ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and cefuroxime in the AgNPs-antibiotic synergy studies. In addition, the prospective relevance of the particles as nanopreservative in paints was demonstrated with the inhibition of growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger and A. flavus in AgNPs-paint admixture. This report further demonstrates the green synthesis of AgNPs by strains of Enterococcus species.
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47

Rossi, Stefano, and Michele Fedel. "Thermal behaviour and weathering resistance of coil coatings for energy-efficient buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 23006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017223006.

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In recent years, the aspects of energy-savings in buildings have become increasingly important. Coil coatings are frequently used for roof and façade construction in order to reduce the cost, the building time and the maintenance. In recent years different near infrared (NIR) reflectivity pigments have been developed to increase the capability of paint to reflect the sun’s radiation thus minimizing the amount of energy absorbed by the building. Coil coatings containing both traditional and NIR pigments are considered for the assessment of their thermal behaviour. The same painted system produced by three different producers was considered. Using a small scale house model, a W-IR emitting lamp and thermocouples, the amount of energy absorbed by the painted metallic coupons has been evaluated in order to assess the efficiency of the different pigments under investigation. To evaluate effect of ageing, all the different samples were subjected to five accelerated degradation cycles consisting in 168 h of UV-B irradiation followed by 168 h of salt spray exposure. The thermal properties of samples were collected. The cool pigments resulted effective to decrease the heat absorbance (difference between standard and NIR paints up to 18°C). The thermal properties were found not to be affected by degradation.
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48

Comyn, J. "Chemistry & technology of UV & EB formulation for coatings, Inks & paints. Vol. 5: Speciality finishes." International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 15, no. 1 (January 1995): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-7496(95)90055-1.

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Al-Shaikh Hussin, Suma H. "Primary Colors Red, Yellow, and Blue Use as Self-Cleaning Paints with Layer of Titanium Dioxide." Baghdad Science Journal 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 0903. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2019.16.4.0903.

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Transparent nano- coating was prepared by Sol-Gel method from titanium dioxide TiO2 which has the ability to self-cleaning coating used for hospitals, laboratories, and places requiring permanent sterilization. Three primary colors are selected (red, blue, and yellow) as preliminary study to the effect of these colors on the nano-coating. Three traditional oil paints color were used as base, then coated by a layer of TiO2-Sol and deposited on the paints. The optical properties of TiO2-Sol were measured; the maximum absorption wavelength at (λmax=387 nm), the refractive index (n=1.4423) and the energy band gap (Eg=3.2 eV). The structure properties found by X-ray diffraction of TiO2-Sol illustrated that TiO2-Sol is polycrystalline nanoparticle have anatase phase also the morphological properties measured by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) obetained the average grain size of TiO2-Sol was (50.427 nm). Self-cleaning properties measured by tensiometer dives. The best color gave the highest response to self-cleaning is the yellow color where the contact angle before exposure to UV ( = 101.47º ,at t = 0 min) and after exposure over time ( = 1.75º ,at t = 50 min), thus the water sheet of the surface and remove all contaminants.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Optical, Structural and Electrical Properties of Electrochemical Synthesis of Thin Film of Polyaniline." Baghdad Science Journal 15, no. 1 (March 4, 2018): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.15.1.73-80.

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Polyaniline membranes of aniline were produced using an electrochemical method in a cell consisting of two poles. The effect of the vaccination was observed on the color of membranes of polyaniline, where analysis as of blue to olive green paints. The sanction of PANI was done by FT-IR and Raman techniques. The crystallinity of the models was studied by X-ray diffraction technique. The different electronic transitions of the PANI were determined by UV-VIS spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity of the manufactured samples was measured by using the four-probe technique at room temperature. Morphological studies have been determined by Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The structural studies have been measured by (SEM).
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