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Journal articles on the topic 'UV curing'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 March 2023

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1

Li, Jia Wei, Jian Yun He, Xi Dan Luo, Chang Song Zhao, Peng Cheng Xie, Yu Mei Ding, and Yu Zheng Xia. "Study on the UV Curing Reactivity of Micro-Injection UV-Curing Molding." Key Engineering Materials 777 (August 2018): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.777.65.

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In this paper, UV irradiation curing technology is used in the processing and manufacturing of micro structure parts and a micro-injection molding method of UV-curable molding was proposed to process microstructures. The special material for UV light curing injection of microstructural products was developed. The light curing reactivity of the micro injection light curing special material and its effect on the processing molding are studied. The kinetics of light curing reaction of UV curing injecting material were studied by online infrared spectroscopy (RT-IR). The contribution of mono functional monomers to the double bond conversion rate of microstructures is higher than that of high functional monomers. Under the same condition, the mono functional monomer can make the UV curing reaction more complete. Under the same process conditions, the rate of UV curing reaction of high functional monomers is higher than that of mono functional monomers.

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2

Shirai, Masamitsu. "Reworkable UV curing materials." Progress in Organic Coatings 58, no. 2-3 (February 2007): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2006.08.022.

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3

Decker, Christian. "UV‐radiation curing chemistry." Pigment & Resin Technology 30, no. 5 (October 2001): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699420110404593.

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4

Yan, Xiaoxing, Yijuan Chang, and Xingyu Qian. "The Properties of an Aluminum/UV-Curable, Infrared, Low-Emissivity Coating Modified by Nano-Silica Slurry." Coatings 10, no. 4 (April 13, 2020): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10040382.

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To improve the performances of UV-curable coatings, the effects of nano-silica slurry, aluminum and UV-curing time on the glossiness and infrared emissivity of UV-curable coatings were investigated by orthogonal experiments. The results showed that UV-curing time is a key factor affecting the performance of the coating. When the UV-curing time was increased from 30 to 360 s, the glossiness of the UV-curable coating slowly decreased from 11.1% to 9.0%. The L’ value decreased from 78.6 to 75.0. The infrared emissivity of the coating with UV-curing time of 180 s was 0.106, which was the lowest. The coating hardness with different curing time was 6H. The coating roughness was high when the UV-curing time was 30–120 s. When the UV-curing time was greater than 300 s, the coating adhesion was 0 and the coating had the best impact resistance of 500 N/cm. The overall performance of the aluminum/UV-curable coating was optimal when the UV-curing time was 180 s. This research is able to promote the industrial development of UV-curable, infrared, low-emissivity coatings.

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5

Ni, Ping Xiu, Xian Fu Wei, Pei Qing Huang, and Wei Wei. "Study on the Curing Kinetics of UV-Curable Inkjet Ink." Advanced Materials Research 174 (December 2010): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.174.397.

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In order to make different UV curing inkjet ink system and test the relationship between the dynamic elastic modulus and UV curing time, the same monomer and pre-polymer were mixed in different proportions, and different functional monomers and pre-polymer were mixed. The results show that the larger the proportion of the pre-polymer and the greater the number of monomer functional groups, the shorter the induction period of the UV curing of UV inkjet ink system and the faster the UV curing rate. Then, the UV curing kinetics of UV inkjet inks was analyzed preliminarily.

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6

Huang, Bei Qing, Kai Yuan Luo, Xian Fu Wei, Ling Ya Gu, and Mu Qun Yu. "Study on a Characterization Method of Curing Rate of UV Curing System Based on Rheokinetics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 262 (December 2012): 454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.262.454.

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Curing rate is one of the most important performance parameters of UV curing system. During the curing process, curing degree is closely related to curing rate. Cross linking and curing degree of the system could be reflected by rheological characteristics. A method based on rheokinetics was used to characterize radical polymerization reaction which initiated by UV light. Changes of G’ (dynamic modulus) in every stage of curing process were real-time monitored by a rheometer equipped with UV curing accessory. The influence of varieties and contents of photo-initiators on curing process of polyester acrylates was studied. Associating conversion rate with dynamic modulus, a nonlinear kinetic equation was set up to describe the cure reaction. The results show that, this paper has put forward a method based on rheokinetics, to study the curing rate of UV curing system, and provided a new approach to study UV cure reaction.

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7

Zhou, Rui Hua, and Xiu Yun Tian. "Irradiation System Design of Rotating Painting Ink Curing Based on UV LED." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 1737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.1737.

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The effects of painting ink’s color on UV absorptivity and UV-light wavelength on curing depth in the process of rotating curing are analysed. Aiming at radial uneven curing, the scheme is proposed that using the UV LED with wavelengths of 365nm and 395nm to form a fan-shaped array on cylindrical surface. The curing system can achieve UV irradiance be enhanced gradually along the radial, and the technique problem of uneven curing is solved. The simulation result shows that the curing system meets design requirements on Tracepro.

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8

Chen, Guang Xue, Qi Feng Chen, Bao Ling Tang, and Jing Lei Tai. "Study on Improvement of Photopolymerization Curing Performance of UV Ink." Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (June 2012): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.99.

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UV ink has many advantages such as less pollution, high curing speed, saving energy, so it has been widely applied in traditional printing and emerging digital printing. In this paper, the two curing principles in UV ink which are free-radical curing and cationic curing, are discussed and compared, and the factors that affect the curing rate are analyzed through the comparing experiment of the curing rate. In the last, the selection principle of photoinitiator is established by means of analyzing and comparing curing rate when various photoinitiator or photoinitiator combinations is used in UV-cured ink. These studies have certain significance for improving the curing efficiency of UV ink and its application.

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9

Yamaguchi, Toshiichi, Yoshihiro Yuge, and Kazuhiro Murakami. "Pressurized type UV curing unit." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 74, Appendix (1990): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.74.appendix_145.

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10

Abadie, Marc J. M., and Vanda Yu Voytekunas. "New Trends in UV Curing." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 6, no. 1 (April 7, 2016): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj336.

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We present an overview of the use of photochemistry applied to polymerization and crosslinking reactions by radical or cationic process used for thin film technologies and more generally for coatings. Industrially, most of the formulations used are initiated by radical mechanism. Since the discovery by J. Crivello of iodonium and sulfonium salts, the market has been oriented to use cationic systems to crosslink monomers/oligomers. One of the main advantage of such a system is that it is not sensitive to the presence of oxygene as it is for radical mechanisms. An overview of a photosensitive formulation is presented i.e. photoinitiators, photosensitisers, monomers and/or oligomers mainly used by formulators and additives. A new technique which has been developed to study and optimise any photosensitive formulation – differential phto calorimetry DPC – and which permits to determine kinetic parameters such as enthalpy, degree of conversion, rate constant, Arrhenius parameters, etc. is also describe. Some of the main characteristics and properties of UV cured polymers like acrylates, epoxides, vinylethers and others are correlated with their structures and the photocuring conditions. Applications to thin film technologies based on acrylates, epoxides and silicones is presented. A promising area of research which opens a new route for the obtention of new structure of alternating copolymers for coatings without the use of photoinitiator and based on charge transfer complex CTC is also presented.

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11

Uminski, Maciej. "Waterborne UV/EB curing systems." Pigment & Resin Technology 26, no. 3 (June 1997): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699429710168708.

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12

Han, Yunlong, Fei Xue, Pin Zhang, and Juanlu Xiao. "One-step curing process of conductive paste based on a UV pulse laser for a frequency selective surface." Applied Optics 61, no. 23 (August 8, 2022): 6947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.462643.

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A frequency selective surface (FSS) is a two-dimensional periodic array structure, in which a common structure is composed of conductive paste and metal film. An ultraviolet (UV) pulse-laser-induced curing of conductive paste towards FSS was used to simultaneously realize the efficient curing of conductive paste and the removal of surplus materials. Through simple defocus control of the UV pulse laser when irradiating the workpiece, this technology was capable of reducing the energy density and increasing the irradiation range, thus preventing the conductive paste from being ablated and achieving efficient curing. In this context, the curing process of UV curable conductive paste was systematically studied through the Ohmic resistance and bonding force of the cured conductive paste. The curing effects of various conductive paste thicknesses and different laser scanning times at a certain laser scanning speed were also analyzed. The results showed that, after a controllable defocusing treatment, the UV pulse laser could effectively solidify the conductive paste and realize the electrical connection of materials on both sides of the pattern. The peel strength of the conductive paste was greater than 7.1 N/cm. However, the pulse laser curing method needs a longer curing time when compared with the continuous UV curing method.

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13

Aoki, Ken'ichi, Akiko Hiraoka, and Kunihiro Ichimura. "UV-curing Behaviors of Dendritic Polyacrylates." Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology 23, no. 3 (2010): 457–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2494/photopolymer.23.457.

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14

Shen, Yiming, Lei Yao, Zhiwei Li, Junlong Kou, Yushuang Cui, Jie Bian, Changsheng Yuan, et al. "Double transfer UV-curing nanoimprint lithography." Nanotechnology 24, no. 46 (October 28, 2013): 465304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/24/46/465304.

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15

Willard, Kurt, and Ron Golden. "UV/EB curing: Dispelling some myths." Metal Finishing 98, no. 11 (November 2000): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(00)83555-2.

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16

Slavinsky, Tom. "Solving the ‘mystery’ of UV curing." Metal Finishing 104, no. 4 (April 2006): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(06)80097-8.

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17

Bauer, F., R. Flyunt, K. Czihal, H. Ernst, S. Naumov, and M. R. Buchmeiser. "UV curing of nanoparticle reinforced acrylates." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 265, no. 1 (December 2007): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2007.08.030.

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18

Fletcher, P. Michael, and Sam V. Nablo. "Textile Applications for EB/UV Curing." Journal of Coated Fabrics 21, no. 2 (October 1991): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152808379102100204.

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19

Burak, Lujean. "The success of UV/EB curing." Journal of Coatings Technology 69, no. 11 (November 1997): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02757730.

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20

Sangermano, M., E. Amerio, A. Di Gianni, A. Priola, D. Pospiech, and B. Voit. "Hyperbranched Polymers in Cationic UV Curing." Macromolecular Symposia 254, no. 1 (August 2007): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200750802.

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21

Sangermano, Marco, Nicolò Razza, and James Vincent Crivello. "Cationic UV-Curing: Technology and Applications." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 299, no. 7 (January 14, 2014): 775–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.201300349.

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22

Vlasov, Mikhail Yu, Lyubov A. Babkina, Olga S. Aykasheva, Viktoriya V. Il’ina, and Oleg E. Babkin. "UV CURING TECHNOLOGY. THEORY AND PRACTIC." Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) 62 (2022): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2022-62-88-6-11.

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The article provides a justification for the use of UV-curing technology in the modern practice of creating films and coatings for various purposes with a given specificity of properties. The key provisions of formulation compounding of photopolymer compositions are considered, specific examples of formulations developed by members of the scientific school «Technologies of functional composite Materials» (head: Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences Babkin O.E.) are given.

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23

Yan, Xiao Xing, Yun Ting Cai, Huan Ye, Ye Ping Yuan, Zhi Hui Wu, and Wei Xu. "Modification of Nano MgCO₃ Puree on the Mechanical Properties and Gloss for Waterborne UV-Curing Wood Coatings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 864 (April 2017): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.864.100.

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In this paper, waterborne ultraviolet (UV)-curing wood coatings were modified by nano MgCO3 puree, and prepared by optimizing the process parameters. The mechanical properties (hardness, adhesion and resistance impact strength) and gloss of waterborne UV-curing wood coatings modified by nano MgCO3 puree were tested. It was found that the mechanical properties of coatings increased when nano MgCO3 content increased from 0 to 3.0%. Waterborne UV-curing wood coatings had good hardness, adhesion and impact strength when the nano MgCO3 content was 3%-4%. The hardness was 3H, the adhesion was grade 1, and impact strength was 40 kg∙cm. However, when nano MgCO3 content was higher than 4%, the mechanical properties of coatings decreased. As the nano MgCO3 content gradually increasing, the gloss of waterborne UV-curing wood coatings modified by nano MgCO3 puree decreased. When the nano MgCO3 content was 4.0%, the gloss of coating was 33%. When the nano MgCO3 content exceeded 4.0%, the gloss of waterborne UV-curing wood coatings displayed matte.

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24

Lee, K. K., S. C. Tan, and Y. C. Chan. "Investigation of Conductive Adhesive Bonding Using UV Curable Anisotropic Conductive Adhesives at Different Curing Conditions." Journal of Electronic Packaging 127, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1846068.

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Generally, adhesive materials can be cured in a short time under high curing temperature. High curing temperature usually leads to an increase in cross-link density and a homologous increase in heat resistance. Nevertheless, curing process under high temperature problems can occur such as the inclination for the adhesive materials to shrinkage, cracks, voids and it would probably lower the dielectric properties. UV curing of anisotropic conductive adhesives (ACAs) offers several advantages over the conventional epoxy resin, including rapid cure, little to no emission of volatile organic compounds and without affecting other components in the assembly [Pataki, W. S., 1997, “Optimization of Free-Radical Initiation Reactions in the Electrical Industry,” Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing and Coil Winding Conference Proceedings, pp. 745–751]. Based on the aforementioned advantages, it is worth investigating the bonding properties at different curing conditions. In this work, a new type of UV curable ACA for chip-on-flex application is presented. The adhesive bonds of the chip-on-flex application are cured at different cure cycles within a range of UV frequencies. Cure cycles in this work were the different periods of time that were needed to cure the ACAs under different UV light intensities. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total internal reflection was used to investigate the curing degree of the ACAs at different cure cycles. The result shows that the longer the curing time and the larger the UV intensity, the higher the curing degree can be obtained. Furthermore, the curing time in the UV curable ACA was much shorter than that of the conventional thermal curable ACAs. Shear test was done to find out the shear strength of the bonding. Finally, after shear test, scanning electron microscope was used to investigate the fracture mode of the chip-on-flex application at different curing cycles.

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25

Ho, Shin-Chan, Jong-Gu Kim, Jin-Who Hong, Tae-Jung Ahn, and Hyun-Kyoung Kim. "Curing Properties of UV-LED Curable Color Coating." Adhesion and Interface 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2012): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17702/jai.2012.13.1.031.

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26

Tong, Ya Jun, Wei Cai Peng, Zhi Xiong Huang, Min Xian Shi, and Xue Song Lv. "Research of UV Curing PUA/EP Damping Coating." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.161.

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In this experiment, we examine the impact of photoinitiator and reactive diluents for the UV curing of epoxy resin and Urethane acrylate in detail, so as to provide a theoretical basis for obtaining a satisfactory light curing system. We conducted a number of UV curing experiments, discussed the key influencing factors of the success in Synthesis experiment, explored and researched the Reaction mechanism to some certain extent. The performance was tested after curing, according to the orthogonal experiment method, we analyses the effect of different factors.

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27

Wang, Xiao Fang, Xian Fu Wei, and Pei Qing Huang. "Effect of Photo-Initiator on Curing Rate of Water-Base UV Varnish." Advanced Materials Research 380 (November 2011): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.380.112.

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The photo-initiator has a crucial role in the curing system of water-base UV varnish. The formulation of water-base UV varnish was designed and 4 different photo-initiators were chosen to make samples to study the effect of photo-initiator on the curing system of varnish. The curing results were tested and were compared. The results showed that the type and proportion of photo-initiator has great effects on the curing rate of water-base UV varnish, the best photo-initiator is 907. The mixed photo-initiators 907, TPO and ITX have been designed and the samples were prepared using the way of a formulation experiment. The result indicated that the curing rate of complex photo-initiator was lower than the curing rate of photo-initiator 907. The curing effect of the varnish samples is the best when the quantity of photo-initiator 907 is 6%。

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28

Jiang, Fengze, and Dietmar Drummer. "Curing Kinetic Analysis of Acrylate Photopolymer for Additive Manufacturing by Photo-DSC." Polymers 12, no. 5 (May 9, 2020): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051080.

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In this research, the curing degree of an acrylate-based monomer using direct UV-assisted writing technology was characterized by differential photo calorimetry (Photo-DSC) to investigate the curing behavior. Triggered by the UV light, the duo function group monomer 1,6-Hexamethylene diacrylate (HDDA), photoinitiator 1173 and photoinhibitor exhibit a fast curing process. The exothermal photopolymerization reaction was performed in the isothermal mode in order to evaluate the different thermal effects that occurred during the photopolymerization process. The influences of both UV light intensity and exposure time were studied with single-factor analysis. The results obtained by photo-DSC also allow us to perform the kinetic study of the polymerization process: The results show that, for the reaction, the higher the UV intensity, the higher the curing degree together with faster curing speed. At the same time, the effect of the heat released during the exothermic reaction is negligible for the polymerization process. When increasing the exposure time, limited improvement of curing degree was shown, and the distribution is between 65–75%. The reaction enthalpy and related curing degree work as a function of time. The Avrami theory of phase change was introduced to describe the experimental data. The functions of a curing degree with light intensity and exposure time were achieved, respectively.

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29

Gozzelino, G., F. Ferrero, and A. Priola. "Dual curing systems based on UV curing and alkoxysilane group condensation." Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 23, no. 1 (January 1989): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19890230135.

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30

YABUNO, Michio. "Energy Saving UV Press and High Sensitivity UV Curing Type Ink." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 90, no. 3 (2017): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai.90.116.

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31

Gao, Jun Gang, Feng Li Zhu, Jiang Bo Yang, and Xiao Qian Liu. "Synthesis and Curing Kinetics of UV-Curable Waterborne Bisphenol-S Epoxy Acrylate/Polyurethane-Acrylate Coating." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.457.

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In ouder to prepare the waterborne UV-curable polyurethane acrylate coatings, the anionic polyurethane acrylate emulsifier and bisphenol-S eopxy acrylate were synthesized. The curing process, kinetics and properties of waterborone UV-curable epoxy acrylate/polyurethanes acrylate coating were investigated by FTIR, DSC and DMA. The results show that the static initial curing temperature Ti is 52.36 oC, peak temperature Tp is 71.58 oC, the finished temperature Tf is 89.15 oC. The curing reaction can be described by two-parameter autocatalytic Šesták-Berggren (S-B) model.This coating has a better UV-curing property. The dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the glass transition temperature Tg of coating film is 52.70 oC.

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32

MURANAKA, Akio. "Energy Saving UV Printing Process and High Sensitivity UV Curing Type Ink." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 87, no. 3 (2014): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai.87.94.

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33

Lin, G. H., L. J. Li, H. Xiang, J. Ye, H. P. Xiang, Z. Q. Li, and X. X. Liu. "Spiroorthocarbonate as shrinkage resistance for UV-curing 3D printing: UV-curing kinetics, mechanical properties and volume shrinkage." Express Polymer Letters 15, no. 12 (2021): 1174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2021.94.

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34

He, Jian Yun, Yuan Yu, Ruo Yun Wang, Xia Tang, Qiang Wang, Li Chen He, and Wei Min Yang. "Research on the UV-Curing Injection Molding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.177.

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Based on the combination of UV curing and injection molding, a new concept named "chemical manufacturing" is proposed in this paper. A cylinder with a diameter of 6mm and a height of 10mm was used as the molding sample;A single factor analysis was used to determine the effects of the intensity of ultraviolet, the duration of ultraviolet irradiation and the distance between UVLED device and product surface on the formability of UV-curing injection molding. The experimental results showed that the intensity of UV radiation, the UV irradiation duration and the distance between UVLED device and product surface have a significant effect on the UV-curing molding of the product. With the increase of ultraviolet radiation intensity and UV irradiation duration, the forming quality of the products increases, while with the increase of the distance between UVLED device and product surface the forming quality of products declines.

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35

Shan, Junyang, Zijun Yang, Guoguang Chen, Yang Hu, Ying Luo, Xianming Dong, Wenxu Zheng, and Wuyi Zhou. "Design and Synthesis of Free-Radical/Cationic Photosensitive Resin Applied for 3D Printer with Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Irradiation." Polymers 12, no. 6 (June 15, 2020): 1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061346.

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In this work, aiming at a UV-curing 3D printing process with liquid crystal display (LCD) irradiation, a novel free-radical/cationic hybrid photosensitive resin was designed and prepared. After testing, the results showed that the acrylate monomers could be polymerized through a free-radical mechanism, while the epoxides were polymerized by a cationic curing mechanism. During the process of UV-curing, the acrylate and epoxide polymers were crosslinked and further locked together by non-covalent bonds. Therefore, an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure could be formed through light-curing 3D-printing processes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that the 3,4-epoxy cyclohexyl methyl-3,4-epoxy cyclohexyl formate and acrylic resin were both successfully involved in the UV-curing process. Furthermore, in order to make the 3D-printed objects cured completely, post-processing was of great importance. The results from the systematic study of the dynamic mechanical properties of the printed objects showed that the heating treatment process after UV irradiation was very necessary and favorable for the complete cationic polymerization of UV-6110 induced by Irgacure 261. The optimum heating treatment conditions were achieved at a temperature of 70 °C for 3 h.

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36

Ayub, Nur Farizah, Shahrir Hashim, Jamarosliza Jamaluddin, Roshafima Rasit Ali, and Nadia Adrus. "UV LED Curing Formulation for Polyacrylamide Hydrogels." Advanced Materials Research 1125 (October 2015): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.84.

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Current studies showed that UV LED system is a green technology and highly efficient as compared to UV Mercury (UV Hg) system. In this study, the UV LED curing formulations of polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels were developed. The formulations consisted of acrylamide (AAm) as a main monomer,N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and photoinitiator. UV LED emits monochromatic light sources only (365 nm or 385 nm). Thus, in order to developed formulation of UV LED curable hydrogels, a suitable water soluble photoinitiator (i.e. λ ~ 365 nm) has to be employed. A commercially available photoinitiator Oligo [2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-[4-(1-methylvinyl) phenyl] propanone] under the trade name Chivacure 300 (λ ~ 330 nm) was chosen in the first formulations. However, due to limited solubility in water, addition of tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 9.5:0.5 ratio of water/THF was required for Chivacure 300. We also synthesized a photoinitiator based on 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone (DMPA) and methylated-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) to be used in the second formulation. The complexation of DMPA and MβCD resulted in transparent and water-soluble supramolecular-structured photoinitiator (SSPI) (λ ~ 330 nm). Both formulations were irradiated using UV LED system (Hoenle AG, Germany, 365 nm) for 15 min. Synthesis of PAAm hydrogels with both photoinitiators has yielded almost complete conversion of hydrogels (> 80 %). Clearly, this study has revealed that enhanced formulation of UV LED curable hydrogels are due to appropriate choice of excellent water-solubility photoinitiators (Chivacure 300 and modified DMPA). We concluded that UV LED is an important tool for curing hydrogel formulations of various acrylate water-based monomers.

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37

Goethals, Frederik, Pol Paelinck, Myriam Vanneste, and Ralf Lungwitz. "Fast and Energy Efficient Curing of Composites –Fenecom Project." SOJ Materials Science & Engineering 7, no. 2 (November 25, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15226/sojmse.2020.00163.

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This contribution presents alternative methods to cure thermoset composites in a more energy-efficient way. Therefore, three low energy demanding and fast curing sources which are UV, electron beam and infrared are selected as curing technology. For the UV and electron beam curing, special matrix formulations are developed, and these are combined with glass and carbon fibre reinforcements. For infrared curing, conventional thermoset epoxies are used and the curing parameters are optimized to prepare carbon and basalt composites. Finally, the flexural modulus and strength (3-point bending method), and glass transition temperatures (DSC) of the obtained composites samples are determined.

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Wang, Wan Hui, and Ji Hu. "Study on the UV Photosensitive of Hexaarylbiimidazole Photoinitiator System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 236-237 (November 2012): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.236-237.771.

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2-chlorohexaarylbiimidazole; sensitizer; hydrogen donor; deeper layer’s curing speed Abstract.The ultraviolet photosensitive initiating system is composed of hexaarylbiimidazole (BCIM), sensitizer and hydrogen donor coinitiator. The effect of sensitizer and hydrogen donor on the curing speed, especially on the deeper layer’s curing speed of ink was studied. The experimental results shown that the deeper layer’s curing speed of the ink system mainly depend on the type and the amount of the sensitizer and the hydrogen donor. The amount of the total initiators in the ink formulation is optimized. This hexaarylbiimidazole initiating system is promisingly useful in silk-screening ink and “green ink” for printing circuit board

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Noè, Camilla, Chiara Tonda-Turo, Irene Carmagnola, Minna Hakkarainen, and Marco Sangermano. "UV-Cured Biodegradable Methacrylated Starch-Based Coatings." Coatings 11, no. 2 (January 23, 2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020127.

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Promising UV-curable starch-based coatings were fabricated by utilizing methacrylated starch. The aqueous methacrylated starch solution was cast on a glass substrate, and UV-cured after drying. The efficiency of UV-curing process was monitored with gel percentage measurements. The thermal and mechanical properties of the fabricated UV-cured coatings were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry and tensile test and compared with the starch-based uncured casted coatings. A complete characterization of the surface properties was performed by means of pencil hardness, adhesion, solvent resistance, and surface tension measurements. The cross-linking by UV-curing significantly enhanced the mechanical and surface properties of the coating. The effect of UV-curing on the biodegradability of the coating was evaluated by following the enzymatic degradation by α-amylase by determining the amount of glucose and maltose released from the coatings. UV-cured methacrylated starch based coating with promising material and surface properties and retained biodegradation potential was demonstrated.

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MAI, Mikiko, and Toshifumi MIDORIKAWA. "The Market using Ultraviolet (UV) Curing Technology." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 85, no. 11 (2012): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai.85.453.

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Wattanachai, Piyachat, Christian Antonio, and Susan Roces. "Comparison of Thermal Properties of PCB Photoresist Films Cured by Different Techniques." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 15, no. 2 (April 19, 2016): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.49684.

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The possibility of implementing microwave technology to photoresist film curing which is a major process in the production of electronic printed circuit boards (PCB) was investigated and compared with a conventional curing method, e.g. UV lithography. Since both techniques involved irradiation, hot plate curing which relies on thermal conduction was undertaken to study the effect of a heat transfer approach. Two film thicknesses were studied, i.e. 0.0012 and 0.002 inch, and the effects of curing power and time were investigated. Thermal properties, i.e. percent cure, glass transition temperature (Tg), composition and degradation temperature (Td), were evaluated using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and it was found that the commercial UV irradiation was sufficient to completely cure the thin film but only reached 76% cure for the thicker film, resulting in a lower Tg. The results show that the required processing conditions using a conventional household microwave to obtain almost complete curing were 1,000 Watts and 10 minutes curing time. In addition, improved curing was achieved in the thicker film because microwave can transmit into polar materials whereas UV cannot penetrate very far into the material. The hot plate curing was observed to produce a higher degree of curing and Tg, however, the uniformity of heating was found to be a major limiting factor of this technique. Slight differences in decomposition profiles of the films cured by different techniques implied slight differences in molecular structures. Compared to UV and hot plate curing, microwave technology was demonstrated as a potential curing technique in the production of PCBs due to its ability to efficiently cure thick films resulting in a strong material with high Tg. To apply the technique to other processes, optimal conditions, i.e. power and time, should be further investigated as well as the prevention of hot spots.

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Zhang, Wan, Xian Fu Wei, Pei Qing Huang, and Chao Lu. "The Effect of Photoinitiator on UV Screen Printing Photochromic Ink’S Curing Performance." Advanced Materials Research 174 (December 2010): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.174.433.

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UV screen printing Photochromic ink mainly includes pre-polymer, monomer, Photochromic materials, Photoinitiator, etc, and the curing process of ink is that under the irradiation of UV light source, the liquid substances with chemical reactivity are rapidly changed to the solid state, in this reaction process, Photoinitiator can promote the advancement of reaction, therefore, Photoinitiator directly affect the curing performance of inks. The inks are respectively prepared by changing the quantity and type of Photoinitiator, and the curing speeds are tested. The result shows when the quantity of Photoinitiator is 10%, the curing performance of ink is the best. In addition, the formulation experiment is made by selecting three Photoinitiators with best curing performance. The result indicates that compared to other formulations, the ink can obtain the biggest curing speed only by Photoinitiator 907, and the optimal curing speed is 68m/min under curing power 100w/cm.

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Noè, Camilla, Minna Hakkarainen, and Marco Sangermano. "Cationic UV-Curing of Epoxidized Biobased Resins." Polymers 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010089.

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Epoxy resins are among the most important building blocks for fabrication of thermosets for many different applications thanks to their superior thermo-mechanical properties and chemical resistance. The recent concerns on the environmental problems and the progressive depletion of petroleum feedstocks have drawn the research interest in finding biobased alternatives. Many curing techniques can be used to obtain the final crosslinked thermoset networks. The UV-curing technology can be considered the most environmentally friendly because of the absence of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and mild curing conditions. This review provides an overview of the state of the art of bio-based cationic UV-curable epoxy resins. Particular focus has been given to the sources of the bio-based epoxy monomers and the applications of the obtained products.

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Sui, Guan Hua, Yan Ju Lu, Zhen Dong Zhao, Liang Wu Bi, and Yu Xiang Chen. "Study on UV Curing Reaction of Nopadiene." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1921–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1921.

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Properties of cured product which polymerizd by nopadiene and factors of curing reaction were researched. Conversion rate of the double bond was characterized and detected by FT-IR analysis, and mechanical properties of cured films were detected, too. Results showed that conversion of double bond increased firstly and then remained basically stable with the increasing of the dosage of initiators, and increased with the increase of irradiation time. Surface drying time become shorter, that is, relative curing speed become faster with the increasing of the dosage of photo-initiators and irradiation intensity, and the decreasing of the lamp distance, and conversion rates of the double bonds were 91.5 % , while illumination time 360 s in dosage of 8 % of Irgacure 6512 to the substrate were used at lamp distance 4.5 cm with 100 % irradiation intensity, respectively. The obtained UV cured coating exhibited some superior properties in flexibility, impact strength, adhesive power, hardness, acid resistance, alkali resistance, salt resistance, water resistance, and so on.

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Landry, Véronic, Pierre Blanchet, Gabrielle Boivin, Jean-François Bouffard, and Mirela Vlad. "UV-LED Curing Efficiency of Wood Coatings." Coatings 5, no. 4 (December 18, 2015): 1019–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings5041019.

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SHI, WENFANG, and HEWEN LIU. "UV curing of alkali developable solder mask." Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology 7, no. 1 (1994): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2494/photopolymer.7.175.

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Uddin, M. K., Mubarak A. Khan, and K. M. I. Ali. "Improvement of Leather Surface by UV Curing." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 34, no. 3 (May 1995): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602559508012195.

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Maag, K., W. Lenhard, and Helmut Löffles. "New UV curing systems for automotive applications." Progress in Organic Coatings 40, no. 1-4 (December 2000): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9440(00)00144-2.

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Stropp, J. P., U. Wolff, S. Kernaghan, H. Löffler, M. Osterhold, and H. Thomas. "UV curing systems for automotive refinish applications." Progress in Organic Coatings 55, no. 2 (February 2006): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2005.08.013.

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WISSEN, M. "UV curing of resists for warm embossing." Microelectronic Engineering 73-74 (June 2004): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9317(04)00096-6.

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