Relevant bibliographies by topics / Utterances

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Utterances'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Utterances"

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Jamhar, Ramadhan, and Ahmad Ahmad. "Analisis Tuturan Dalam Proses Peminangan Masyarakat Kedang Omesuri, Kabupaten Lembata (Sebuah Kajian Pragmatik)." Jurnal RASI 1, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 144–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52496/rasi.v1i2.45.

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Kedang language is a distinctive languagein Lembata, East of Nusa Tenggara. The uniqueness of Kedang language revealed in the utteranceof proposes process. The utterance appeared in several phases, namely introduction (oluqlokaweq/padayungnute), propose (dahangrehing), and belisdetermining (uang bele). This study aims at describing the form of utterance and describing the meaning of utterancein the propose process in KedangOmesuri, Lembata Regency. The method used in this research wasdescriptive qualitative method. The data source was the elders or personagein Kedang Omesuri and the data were in the form of written datasuch as books and articles about the propose tradition, while the oral data were obtained from elders or personage in KedangOmesuri. The data were obtained through observation, interview, recording, and documentation. The data then analyzedthrough(a) transcriptdata, (b) translation data, (c) data classification, (d) analysis, and (e) summarizing. The study showed that 17 utterances found in the propose process that consisted of 10 explicit meaningful utterances and 7 implicitmeaningful utterances. KedangOmesuri’s community used implicit meaningful utterances in the propose process for it was descended from their ancestors and was also the art expressionin communication.
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Leeds, Charles Austin, and Mary Lee A. Jensvold. "The communicative functions of five signing chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)." Pragmatics and Cognition 21, no. 1 (November 1, 2013): 224–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.21.1.10lee.

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Speech act theory describes units of language as acts which function to change the behavior or beliefs of the partner. Therefore, with every utterance an individual seeks a communicative goal that is the underlying motive for the utterance’s production; this is the utterance’s function. Studies of deaf and hearing human children classify utterances into categories of communicative function. This study classified signing chimpanzees’ utterances into the categories used in human studies. The chimpanzees utilized all seven categories of communicative functions and used them in ways that resembled human children. The chimpanzees’ utterances functioned to answer questions, request objects and actions, describe objects and events, make statements about internal states, accomplish tasks such as initiating games, protest interlocutor behavior, and as conversational devices to maintain and initiate conversation.
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Widianto, Eko, Suparno Suparno, and Teguh Sarosa. "ANALYSIS ON PRAGMATIC FORCE OF DECLARATIVE UTTERANCES IN FILM ENTITLED “AVATAR”." English Education 4, no. 1 (September 30, 2015): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/eed.v4i1.34710.

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<p>This is a descriptive qualitative research. The data sources are thevmanuscript and video of “Avatar” film. From the sources, the researcher takes 40 declarative utterances uttered by the main character (Jake Sully) to be analyzed. The research goals are 1) to identify the contexts of declarative utterances, 2) to identify the hearer’s responses of declarative utterances, 3) to explain the pragmatic force of declarative utterances viewed from the illocutionary force. Before define the force, the researcher explains the context for a better understanding about the speaker’s intention. The results of this research are, 1) every utterance has its own context: situation, participants, ends, act sequence, key, instrumentalities, norms, and genre, 2) the hearer’s responses are words response and act response, 3) utterance’s function reflects the pragmatic force, those 40 declarative utterances bring various forces; suggesting, appointing, reporting, requesting, claiming, thanking, asking, complaining, apologizing, confirming, blaming, ordering, advising, and sentencing.</p>
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Raharjo, Suko. "An Analysis of Expressive Utterances Produced by The Characters in The Movie Entitled Spongebob Squarepants." English Education 6, no. 3 (May 29, 2018): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/eed.v6i3.35899.

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<p>This article reports the result of research on expressive utterances produced by the characters in the movie entitled SpongeBob SquarePants. The objectives of the research are (1) to find out the characteristics of expressive utterances produced by the characters; and (2) to find out the variability of expressive utterances. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The source of data is the transcript of SpongeBob SquarePants movie. The research findings show that (1) there are four sentence types of expressive utterances that are employed in SpongeBob SquarePants movie transcript, that is, ellipsis (19 utterances), declaratives (13 utterances), interogative (1 utterances), and imperatives (4 utterances); (2) there are six notions of expressive utterances found in the SpongeBob SquarePants movie transcript, that is, surprise (2 utterance), happiness (14 utterances), anger (6 utterances), apologize (5 utterances), congratulate (1 utterance), and thanks (7 utterances).</p>
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Purnomo, Kirana Aprilia. "Conversation Implications In The Disney Princess Book (al-ba??u 'an al-kanzi): A Pragmatic Overview." Journal of Language Intelligence and Culture 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/jlic.v3i2.62.

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This study aims to analyze the form of speech acts and the meaning of conversational implicatures in the book Disney Princess (al-ba??u 'an al-kanzi) by Jacqueline A. Ball as a corpus of data. The data of this study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The results of the research in the book show that there are three forms of speech and conversational implicatures, namely, locutionary forms, illocutions, and perlocutions. The classification of conversational implicatures with twelve locutionary speech forms, namely: seven declarative sentences, one imperative sentence, and four interrogative sentences. The 35 illocutionary forms found were a) assertive with the function of stating four utterances, proposing one utterance, complaining in one utterance, and expressing an opinion in one utterance; b) the directive with the function of commanding is two utterances, asking for four utterances, and giving advice in two utterances; c) commissive with the function of promising two utterances, and offering one utterance; d) expressive with the function of thanking ten utterances, criticizing five utterances, and praising two utterances. Meanwhile, the perlocutionary forms found were five utterances with two persuading effects, one effect of making the hearer to do something, one effect of making the hearer to think, and one effect of attracting attention.
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Purnomo, Kirana Aprilia. "Conversation Implications In The Disney Princess Book (al-ba??u 'an al-kanzi): A Pragmatic Overview." Journal of Language Intelligence and Culture 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/jlic.v2i2.62.

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This study aims to analyze the form of speech acts and the meaning of conversational implicatures in the book Disney Princess (al-ba??u 'an al-kanzi) by Jacqueline A. Ball as a corpus of data. The data of this study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The results of the research in the book show that there are three forms of speech and conversational implicatures, namely, locutionary forms, illocutions, and perlocutions. The classification of conversational implicatures with twelve locutionary speech forms, namely: seven declarative sentences, one imperative sentence, and four interrogative sentences. The 35 illocutionary forms found were a) assertive with the function of stating four utterances, proposing one utterance, complaining in one utterance, and expressing an opinion in one utterance; b) the directive with the function of commanding is two utterances, asking for four utterances, and giving advice in two utterances; c) commissive with the function of promising two utterances, and offering one utterance; d) expressive with the function of thanking ten utterances, criticizing five utterances, and praising two utterances. Meanwhile, the perlocutionary forms found were five utterances with two persuading effects, one effect of making the hearer to do something, one effect of making the hearer to think, and one effect of attracting attention.
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BALOG, HEATHER L., and FELICIA D. ROBERTS. "Perception of utterance relatedness during the first-word-period." Journal of Child Language 31, no. 4 (November 2004): 837–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000904006579.

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Interactions between six toddlers (aged 1;0 to 1;6) and adults were examined to ascertain adult perceptions of toddler utterance relatedness and to determine temporal and interactional features that underlie those perceptions. Five raters made judgments regarding relatedness of the child utterances to the previous adult utterances; 251 utterances were examined. Utterances judged by adults as related occurred within 4·25 seconds of the preceding adult utterance nearly 90% of the time. This study also points to the need for using interactional categories that go beyond describing utterance relatedness, and introduces terms (i.e. co-participatory, initiation, narrowed focus) for doing so.
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Balčiūnienė, Ingrida, and Laura Simonavičienė. "Interrogative utterances in spoken Lithuanian: quantitative aspects of investigation." Lietuvių kalba, no. 3 (October 25, 2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2009.22873.

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The paper introduces the results of an investigation into spoken Lithuanian based on the Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian and carried out in Vytautas Magnus University. In the course of investigation the interrogative utterances used in spontaneous language were classified according to function and structure. The quantitative analysis of the data accessed from the Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian was based on a special computer program CHILDES. The results have shown that spoken Lithuanian gives preference to closed interrogative utterances rather than open interrogative utterances. Closed interrogative utterances in most cases use no interrogative particles; utterances with interrogative particles are much less frequent. In the latter subgroup interrogative particles mostly occur in the utterance-initial (e.g. ar, gal etc.) rather than utterance-final position (e.g. taip, ne, ane etc.). In the class of open interrogative utterances adverbial modifier utterances prevail; in the latter subclass interrogative utterances of the adverbial modifier of place dominate.
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Liu, Wen, Ying-Ling Jao, and Si On Yoon. "FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MEALTIME LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS IN NURSING HOME STAFF AND RESIDENTS WITH DEMENTIA." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1077.

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Abstract Interactive staff-resident communication is crucial for nursing home residents with dementia requiring mealtime assistance. Effective communication may facilitate food intake and promote function and nutrition. However, understanding of staff and resident language characteristics in mealtime interactions is limited. This study examined language characteristics and associated factors in mealtime interactions. This was a secondary analysis using data from videotaped mealtime observations (N=160) involving 36 staff and 27 residents with moderate-to-severe dementia (53 staff-resident dyads) in 9 nursing homes. The dependent measures were 1) the number of words produced in each utterance (expression length), and 2) whether staff named the resident in each utterance (naming the resident). Mixed-effects models examined the effect of utterance quality (positive vs. negative utterances), intervention (pre- vs. post-communication training), and subject speaking (staff vs. resident), adjusting resident comorbidities and dementia stage. Staff (mean=4.30, SD=2.98) produced significantly longer utterances than residents (mean=2.64, SD=2.27). Expression length was modulated by utterance quality and intervention. Staff’s negative utterances were shorter than their positive utterances, while residents’ negative utterances were longer than their positive utterances. Staff’s negative utterances became longer after the intervention while the length of positive utterances remained similar pre- and post-intervention. Staff named the resident in 16.72% of their utterances and was more likely to name residents with severe dementia. Findings emphasize the potential benefit of communication training on mealtime interactions. Findings also highlight the need to further examine the impact of language characteristics on food intake, which may guide intervention development to promote nutrition for residents with dementia.
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Syafa’at, Mohammad. "ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS IN BARACK OBAMA’S SPEECH IN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY AS THE FORMER PRESIDENT: “CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS”." Teaching English as Foreign Language, Literature and Linguistics 1, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33752/teflics.v1i1.1545.

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This research discusses the use of illocutionary acts in the utterance of Obama’s speech in Illinois University. The aims of this research are to find out types of Illocutionary Acts and messages of speech which deliver by Obama’s Speech. and to understand interpretation of the dialogue between speaker and hearer that use Illocutionary acts which are selected by the writer.The writer uses classified the data analysis method. The writer collects the data from the script, then describes types of illocutionary acts and explain the messages include in utterances. Based on the theories provided, the data are analyzed one by one to know the context and types of illocutionary acts used. To focus on the study, the writer limits problem just focused on types of illocutionary acts and the messages of the utterances. Based on the finding and discussion that answered to first problem questions above the researcher was found 14 utterance used to illocutionary acts theory. There are assertives acts was found 5 utterances, directives acts was found 3 utterances, expressive acts was found 3 utterance, commisives acts 3 utterances and declaration was found 1 utterance. In this research the utterance most used by Obama’s speech is assertive which is 5 utterances. The context of Obama’s speech about Democracy. So, this speech have many assertives utterances. Based on the explanation, the writer concluded that assertive of stating and commisives of an offering is mostly used by Obama's speech.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Utterances"

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Alomary, Shaban. "Conative utterances : a Qur'anic perspective." Thesis, University of Salford, 2011. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26541/.

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Conation is an aspect of mind, alongside cognition and affect. The conative function of communication entails the relationship between the 'message' and the 'receiver'. Based on relevant communication models and sign typologies, this thesis covers exponents of communication, conative function, vocative, interrogative and imperative. Conative utterances refer to language used to move the receiver to thought/ action. The Qur'anic perspective, identified and applied in this thesis, is vital for verbal communication studies as the TM transcends the reductionist tendency of (non-) mechanistic communication and semiotic typologies. Beyond the boundaries of reason, the Qur'an offers the Transcendent Perspective on the conative function of communication. The structure of the Qur'an is viewed against the Islahi/Farahi thematic commentary model. Conative Utterances suggests a TCM in the light of the Qur'anic Signs 2:30, 33:72, 55:1-4. The TCM is consolidated by an analysis of Ibn STna's commentary on Surah 87. The TM in the Qur'an is established on its covering the realm surpassing the receiver's perception. Due to his conative role and space/time perception, the receiver depends on the Transcendent Sender for information on the imperceptible. The TM establishes its validity on our having no volitionality concerning our creation, transiency and return to the Sender. This return underlies our 'accountability' to Him for our actions
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Joigneau, Axel. "Utterances classifier for chatbots’ intents." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233362.

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Chatbots are the next big improvement in the era of conversational services. A chatbot is a virtual person who can carry out a conversation with a human about a certain subject, using interactive textual skills. Currently, there are many cloud-based chatbots services that are being developed and improved such as IBM Watson, well known for winning the quiz show “Jeopardy!” in 2011. Chatbots are based on a large amount of structured data. They contains many examples of questions that are associated to a specific intent which represents what the user wants to say. Those associations are currently being done by hand, and this project focuses on improving this data structuring using both supervised and unsupervised algorithms. A supervised reclassification using an improved Barycenter method reached 85% in precision and 75% in recall for a data set containing 2005 questions. Questions that did not match any intent were then clustered in an unsupervised way using a K-means algorithm that reached a purity of 0.5 for the optimal K chosen.
Chatbots är nästa stora förbättring i konversationstiden. En chatbot är en virtuell person som kan genomföra en konversation med en människa om ett visst ämne, med hjälp av interaktiva textkunskaper. För närvarande finns det många molnbaserade chatbots-tjänster som utvecklas och förbättras som IBM Watson, känt för att vinna quizshowen "Jeopardy!" 2011. Chatbots baseras på en stor mängd strukturerade data. De innehåller många exempel på frågor som är kopplade till en specifik avsikt som representerar vad användaren vill säga. Dessa föreningar görs för närvarande för hand, och detta projekt fokuserar på att förbättra denna datastrukturering med hjälp av både övervakade och oövervakade algoritmer. En övervakad omklassificering med hjälp av en förbättrad Barycenter-metod uppnådde 85 % i precision och 75 % i recall för en dataset innehållande 2005 frågorna. Frågorna som inte matchade någon avsikt blev sedan grupperade på ett oövervakad sätt med en K-medelalgoritm som nådde en renhet på 0,5 för den optimala K som valts.
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Ling, Yong. "Keyword spotting in continuous speech utterances." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0024/MQ50822.pdf.

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Ling, Yong 1973. "Keyword spotting in continuous speech utterances." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21595.

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The work in this thesis constructed a word spotting system, which managed to spot an amount of pre-defined keywords out of unconstrained running conversational speech utterances. The development and experiments are based on the Credit Card subset of SWITCHBOARD speech corpus. The techniques are applied in the context of a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based Continuous Speech Recognition (CSR) approach to keyword spotting. The word spotting system uses context-dependent acoustic triphone to model both keyword and non-keyword speech utterances. To enhance the true keyword spotting rate, sophisticated keyword-filler network topology models are defined in two different orthographic ways, individual phonemic filler models and individual syllabic filler models. To introduce more lexical constraints, a bigram language model is used. Better performance is obtained in the system with more lexical constraints. A background acoustic model is paralleled to the system network to account for the acoustic variety. The results of the experiments show that the word spotting rate of the overall performance increased by 84% when more lexical constraints applied, and the merge of the background model helps to increase the spotting rate by 5.73%.
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Lanas, M. (Maija). "Smashing potatoes – challenging student agency as utterances." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514295874.

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Abstract The research investigates how student agency is inscribed as challenging or as misbehaviour in schools. The purpose is to open up and enable alternative ways of interpreting student agency. The empirical part of the research is based on reflexive ethnography and narrative methodology. The data is comprised of narrative and thematic interviews conducted during a period of 3 years (2006–2009), and 4 months of ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the autumn of 2008. The context for analyzing the meanings inscribed in student agency is a northern Finnish village school. In the villagers’ narrations, the research villages were presented as centres of the people’s lives, dynamic even in their quietude, and life in the villages was presented as an active choice. These stories challenge the national representations that tend to derive from the discourse of social exclusion. These societal discourses ‘other’ the life in northern villages and direct children, through education, concretely, socio-culturally, and emotionally away from their villages towards southern cities. Based on the fieldwork and applying Mihail Bakhtin’s dialogism and interactionist approach to emotions, I find that the meanings inscribed in student agency are determined dialogically. The meanings and emotions with which student agency is inscribed in a particular situation is, thereby, not determined by the students but come from the broader social, cultural, and political contexts, and the histories of those involved in the dialogue. Thereby, for instance “bad behaviour” cannot be improved simply by targeting the student or by changing student behaviour. This derives from the fact that any action, for example smashing potatoes, can end up carrying historical, political, social, and cultural meanings, and thus, any action can become inscribed as contesting behaviour. I conclude that contesting behaviour of a student does not cause as much as it performs challenging emotions that derive from broader societal, sociocultural, and political contexts. Thereby the problem is not that challenging emotions take place in school but the illusion that they should not. If challenging emotions in school are imagined to indicate failure, it is assumed that they must be excluded rather than endured and managed
Tiivistelmä Tarkastelen tutkimuksessa, miten oppilaan toiminta saa merkityksen haastavana tai huonona käytöksenä koulussa. Tavoitteenani on avata ja mahdollistaa vaihtoehtoisten merkitysten näkeminen oppilaan toiminnalle. Tutkimuksen empiirinen osa nojautuu refleksiiviseen etnografiseen ja narratiiviseen metodologiaan, ja aineistona on käytetty haastatteluaineistoa 3 vuoden ajalta (2006–2009) sekä hieman yli neljän kuukauden mittaista kouluetnografiaa syksyllä 2008. Oppilaan toimijuuden tarkastelun kontekstina on pohjoinen pienkylän koulu. Kyläläisten omissa kertomuksissa kylät näyttäytyvät hiljetessäänkin dynaamisina elämän keskuksina, ja eläminen kylissä aktiivisena valintana. Nämä kertomukset haastavat valtakunnalliset representaatiot, jotka rakentuvat usein syrjäytymispuheelle. Syrjäytymispuhe toiseuttaa elämää pohjoisissa pienkylissä ja ohjaa koulutuksen kautta lapsia konkreettisesti, kulttuurisesti ja kokemuksellisesti pois kylästään, kohti etelää ja kaupunkeja. Mihail Bakhtinin dialogismia soveltaen ja kenttätyöhön pohjautuen totean, että oppilaan toiminnan saamat merkitykset ja siihen liittyvät tunteet määrittyvät dialogisesti. Toiminnan saamat merkitykset ja siihen liitetyt tunteet eivät siis ole oppilaan omassa hallinnassa vaan tulevat laajemmasta sosiaalisesta, poliittisesta, kulttuurisesta ja yhteiskunnallisesta kehyksestä sekä dialogin osapuolten erillisistä ja yhteisestä historiasta. Näin ollen, esimerkiksi ”huonoa käytöstä” ei voida parantaa yksinkertaisesti kohdistamalla toimenpiteitä oppilaaseen tai tämän käytökseen. Tämä johtuu siitä, että lähes mikä hyvänsä toiminta, tutkimuksessa muun muassa perunan soseuttaminen, voi päätyä kantamaan historiallisia, poliittisia, sosiaalisia ja kulttuurisia merkityksiä ja tulla siten merkityksi haastavaksi käytökseksi. Tutkimuksessa totean, että oppilaan haastava toiminta ei niinkään aiheuta vaan pikemminkin performoi haastavia tunteita, jotka juontuvat laajemmista yhteiskunnallisista, sosiokulttuurisista ja poliittisista konteksteista. Tällöin ongelma ei ole haastavien tunteiden esiintyminen koulussa vaan luulo, että niitä ei pitäisi esiintyä koulussa. Jos haastavat tunteet erehdytään koulussa kuvittelemaan jonkin tai jonkun epäonnistumiseksi, ne yritetään sulkea pois sen sijana että ne kestettäisiin ja käsiteltäisiin
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Forero, Jorge Guillermo. "Rerum : an expert system for counselling utterances." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.331979.

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Tsui, Amy Bik-May. "A linguistic description of utterances in conversation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1986. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7569/.

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This thesis is an attempt to characterize the utterances in conversation. Following the principles of Sinclair & Caulthard (1975), it proposes a descriptive framework which is based on the concepts of 'class', 'structure' and 'system'. Chapter One argues against the position that utterances are multi-functional and the illocutionary forces they carry are largely indeterminate, hence they are not describable in categorial terms. It points out that such a position is a misconception arising from the lack of consistent criteria when characterizing utterances. It then examines studies in three major areas which would give insight to the setting up of a descriptive framework: speech act theory, conversational analysis and discourse analysis. Chapter Two gives an overall account of the descriptive framework. Its basic theoretical assumption is that conversation is describable in terms of a hierarchical rank scale, consisting of acts, moves, exchanges, sequences and transactions. Utterances are characterized as different primary classes of acts according to which element of structure of an exchange they operate at . Three primary classes are identified: those operating at the head of an Initiating Move are Initiating Acts, those operating at the head of a Responding Move are Responding Acts and those operating at the head o:f a Follow-up Move are Follow-up Acts. For each primary class, subclasses are identified according to their predictive assessment of what follows. The choices of subclasses which are available at each element of structure are presented in the form of a system. Chapters Three to Six discuss the four subclasses of Initiating Act, Elicitations, Requestives, Directives and Informatives respectively. Chapter Seven discusses Responding Act and its subclasses; and Chapter Eight discusses Follow-up Act and its subclasses. In Chapter Nine, the entire descriptive framework is applied to a piece of conversation. Its merits and limitations are discussed.
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Peacock, Diane. "Telling utterances : education, creativity & everyday lives." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/52611/.

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Education policy, in practice so singularly an experienced phenomenon, may be irreconcilable to single forms of academic interpretation. The questions and possibilities raised by this proposition animate the core of this study. Why, given the volume of noise generated by the multiplicity of agents and agencies with critical interests in education policy and practice, do some voices dominate while others are unheard or silent? What might this mean for those being educated and for art and design education? Responses, rather than being articulated as a series of arguments in a traditional research format, are presented as a series of imagined texts comprising dialogues and monologues. The texts fuse a wide range of sources into a series of performed analyses of education policy and creative practice. Primary, secondary and archival sources bring together the voices of: artists; designers; other creative practitioners; educators; researchers; politicians; policy makers; national agencies; social theorists; and art and design undergraduates who were part of a three-year longitudinal field study. The theoretical and methodological formations underpinning the analysis are woven into the content and form of the texts themselves. Normal citation conventions are suspended until after a performance or reading, in order to aid unfettered interpretation. This study, undertaken over six years, draws on creative arts practice and dramaturgy to formulate alternative platforms for the articulation of critical discourses on education policy and creative development. Volume One contains a series of re-constructed monologues and imagined dialogues created to be intelligible to those inside and outside academia. Collectively they represent a series of enactments of the impact of policy on the everyday lives and creative development of individual art and design students. Readers are politely invited to read all of Volume One before reading Volume Two. The temporal separation of text from source provides a space for those who are willing to reflect on the forces that might be at play when reading (or writing) texts such as these.
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Crew, Christopher M. "The time course for structuring complex utterances." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24783.

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Schoener, Robin S. "Nonnative Prosody and the Intelligibility of Ambiguous Utterances." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:24078370.

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This study examines nonnative prosody and intelligibility. Past research has suggested that prosody that is unfamiliar or inappropriate in some way can adversely affect the intelligibility of speech (e.g., Hahn, 2004; Tajima, Port & Dalby, 1997; Grover, Jamieson & Dobrovlosky, 1987; Field, 2005). In this study, the effect of overall prosody rather than the effects of particular prosodic features is analyzed. Fifteen native and 15 nonnative speakers were recorded reading identical sets of ambiguous sentences while viewing cartoon drawings. Cartoons viewed by 8 members of each speaker group portrayed one of the two possible interpretations (“Version A”) for each sentence. Cartoons seen by the remaining 7 speakers of each group showed the alternative (“Version B”) interpretations. Recordings were divided and rearranged into new soundtracks containing a different speaker for every sentence. Fifteen native listeners viewed documents showing the Version A and Version B cartoons of each sentence side by side while listening to the new soundtracks, indicating which of the two cartoon versions they believed each speaker had viewed when recording. Listeners identified the cartoon seen by the speaker significantly less often when the speaker was a nonnative, suggesting a relationship between speaker type and intelligibility. Results were further subdivided into 4 categories of structural ambiguity. Of those, compound noun vs. adjective + noun ambiguities (e.g. White House vs. white house) accounted for most of listeners’ errors in disambiguation.
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Books on the topic "Utterances"

1

Understanding utterances. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1992.

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Carston, Robyn, ed. Thoughts and Utterances. Malden, MA, USA: Blackwell Publishing, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470754603.

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Włodarczyk, André, and Hélène Włodarczyk, eds. Meta-informative Centering in Utterances. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.143.

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Blakemore, Diane. Understanding utterances: [an introduction to pragmatics]. Oxford: Blackwell, 1992.

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Dufva, Hannele. Slipshod utterances: A study of mislanguage. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 1992.

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The utterances of Amos: Arranged strophically. S.l: s.n., 1986.

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ʻAbduʼl-Bahá. Writings and utterances of ʻAbduʼl-Bahá. New Delhi, India: Bahá'í Pub. Trust, 2000.

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Tsui, Bik-May Amy. A linguistic description of utterances in conversation. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1986.

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Situated utterances: Texts, bodies, and cultural representations. New York: Fordham University Press, 2005.

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Situation-bound utterances in L1 and L2. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Utterances"

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Timko, Michael. "Prophetic Utterances." In Carlyle and Tennyson, 171–84. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09307-6_19.

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Bazerman, Charles. "Singular Utterances." In Analysing Professional Genres, 25. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.74.05baz.

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McCullagh, Mark. "Distributed Utterances." In Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy, 113–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34485-6_7.

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Schegloff, Emanuel A. "Overwrought utterances." In Complex Sentences in Grammar and Discourse, 321–36. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.110.14sch.

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Charman, Tony, Susan Hepburn, Moira Lewis, Moira Lewis, Amanda Steiner, Sally J. Rogers, Annemarie Elburg, et al. "Early Multiword Utterances." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1033. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_100499.

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Sherstinova, Tatjana. "Russian everyday utterances." In Approaches to Slavic Interaction, 105–16. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ds.20.08she.

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Grundy, Peter. "Utterances and intentions." In Doing Pragmatics, 28–64. Fourth edition. | New York, NY : Taylor and Franics, 2020: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429300301-2.

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Grundy, Peter. "Inference and utterances." In Doing Pragmatics, 65–137. Fourth edition. | New York, NY : Taylor and Franics, 2020: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429300301-3.

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Harnish, Robert M. "Are Performative Utterances Declarations?" In Speech Acts, Mind, and Social Reality, 41–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0589-0_4.

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Lehman, Jill Fain. "Understanding Non-Deviant Utterances." In The Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, 67–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3622-2_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Utterances"

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Li, Jiangnan, Fandong Meng, Zheng Lin, Rui Liu, Peng Fu, Yanan Cao, Weiping Wang, and Jie Zhou. "Neutral Utterances are Also Causes: Enhancing Conversational Causal Emotion Entailment with Social Commonsense Knowledge." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/584.

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Conversational Causal Emotion Entailment aims to detect causal utterances for a non-neutral targeted utterance from a conversation. In this work, we build conversations as graphs to overcome implicit contextual modelling of the original entailment style. Following the previous work, we further introduce the emotion information into graphs. Emotion information can markedly promote the detection of causal utterances whose emotion is the same as the targeted utterance. However, it is still hard to detect causal utterances with different emotions, especially neutral ones. The reason is that models are limited in reasoning causal clues and passing them between utterances. To alleviate this problem, we introduce social commonsense knowledge (CSK) and propose a Knowledge Enhanced Conversation graph (KEC). KEC propagates the CSK between two utterances. As not all CSK is emotionally suitable for utterances, we therefore propose a sentiment-realized knowledge selecting strategy to filter CSK. To process KEC, we further construct the Knowledge Enhanced Directed Acyclic Graph networks. Experimental results show that our method outperforms baselines and infers more causes with different emotions from the targeted utterance.
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Jiang, Ziyou, Lin Shi, Celia Chen, Fangwen Mu, Yumin Zhang, and Qing Wang. "MuiDial: Improving Dialogue Disentanglement with Intent-Based Mutual Learning." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/578.

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The main goal of dialogue disentanglement is to separate the mixed utterances from a chat slice into independent dialogues. Existing models often utilize either an utterance-to-utterance (U2U) prediction to determine whether two utterances that have the “reply-to” relationship belong to one dialogue, or an utterance-to-thread (U2T) prediction to determine which dialogue-thread a given utterance should belong to. Inspired by mutual leaning, we propose MuiDial, a novel dialogue disentanglement model, to exploit the intent of each utterance and feed the intent to a mutual learning U2U-U2T disentanglement model. Experimental results and in-depth analysis on several benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and generalizability of our approach.
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Simboteanu, Tatiana. "Structure and Meaning in Case of Sentences Used as Indirect Speech Acts." In Conferință științifică internațională "Filologia modernă: realizări şi perspective în context european". “Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu” Institute of Romanian Philology, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/filomod.2022.16.20.

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One of the biggest difficulties related to the treatment of indirect speech acts, along with the overlap of illocutionary values and the discrepancy between the meaning actualized by the structure of the utterance and the value it can acquire in a certain context, is the absence of specific linguistic marks. Communication has as its object of research the utterances used to make indirect speech acts. By approaching this problem, the aim was to establish possible regularities between certain utterances and certain indirect speech acts. Thus, the central objective of the research is to examine the utterances used as means of indirect realization of speech acts in terms of their syntactic structure and the lexical-grammatical means that could serve as a basis for decoding this type of speech acts.
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Paul, Rohan, Andrei Barbu, Sue Felshin, Boris Katz, and Nicholas Roy. "Temporal Grounding Graphs for Language Understanding with Accrued Visual-Linguistic Context." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/629.

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A robot’s ability to understand or ground natural language instructions is fundamentally tied to its knowledge about the surrounding world. We present an approach to grounding natural language utterances in the context of factual information gathered through natural-language interactions and past visual observations. A probabilistic model estimates, from a natural language utterance, the objects, relations, and actions that the utterance refers to, the objectives for future robotic actions it implies, and generates a plan to execute those actions while updating a state representation to include newly acquired knowledge from the visual-linguistic context. Grounding a command necessitates a representation for past observations and interactions; however, maintaining the full context consisting of all possible observed objects, attributes, spatial relations, actions, etc., over time is intractable. Instead, our model, Temporal Grounding Graphs, maintains a learned state representation for a belief over factual groundings, those derived from natural-language interactions, and lazily infers new groundings from visual observations using the context implied by the utterance. This work significantly expands the range of language that a robot can understand by incorporating factual knowledge and observations of its workspace into its inference about the meaning and grounding of natural-language utterances.
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Shestera, Elena, Nikolay Urtegeshev, Iraida Selutina,, and Anton Shamrin. "Prosody of focus in statements of the Altai language." In 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0046/000461.

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The prosody of verbal word forms in the narrative utterances of the Altai language is under consideration in the article. In this work, in addition to the acoustic analysis in the Praat program, we took into account the subjective perception of native speakers. In the simple statements the intonation declines on the predicate when realizing the topic of the utterance. The focus of the utterance may be expressed by pitch and intensity peak.
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Feng, Xiachong, Xiaocheng Feng, Bing Qin, and Xinwei Geng. "Dialogue Discourse-Aware Graph Model and Data Augmentation for Meeting Summarization." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/524.

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Meeting summarization is a challenging task due to its dynamic interaction nature among multiple speakers and lack of sufficient training data. Existing methods view the meeting as a linear sequence of utterances while ignoring the diverse relations between each utterance. Besides, the limited labeled data further hinders the ability of data-hungry neural models. In this paper, we try to mitigate the above challenges by introducing dialogue-discourse relations. First, we present a Dialogue Discourse-Dware Meeting Summarizer (DDAMS) to explicitly model the interaction between utterances in a meeting by modeling different discourse relations. The core module is a relational graph encoder, where the utterances and discourse relations are modeled in a graph interaction manner. Moreover, we devise a Dialogue Discourse-Aware Data Augmentation (DDADA) strategy to construct a pseudo-summarization corpus from existing input meetings, which is 20 times larger than the original dataset and can be used to pretrain DDAMS. Experimental results on AMI and ICSI meeting datasets show that our full system can achieve SOTA performance. Our codes and outputs are available at https://github.com/xcfcode/DDAMS/.
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Zhang, Yazhou, Qiuchi Li, Dawei Song, Peng Zhang, and Panpan Wang. "Quantum-Inspired Interactive Networks for Conversational Sentiment Analysis." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/755.

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Conversational sentiment analysis is an emerging, yet challenging Artificial Intelligence (AI) subtask. It aims to discover the affective state of each participant in a conversation. There exists a wealth of interaction information that affects the sentiment of speakers. However, the existing sentiment analysis approaches are insufficient in dealing with this task due to ignoring the interactions and dependency relationships between utterances. In this paper, we aim to address this issue by modeling intrautterance and inter-utterance interaction dynamics. We propose an approach called quantum-inspired interactive networks (QIN), which leverages the mathematical formalism of quantum theory (QT) and the long short term memory (LSTM) network, to learn such interaction dynamics. Specifically, a density matrix based convolutional neural network (DM-CNN) is proposed to capture the interactions within each utterance (i.e., the correlations between words), and a strong-weak influence model inspired by quantum measurement theory is developed to learn the interactions between adjacent utterances (i.e., how one speaker influences another). Extensive experiments are conducted on the MELD and IEMOCAP datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the QIN model.
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Le Minh, Thao, Nobuyuki Shimizu, Takashi Miyazaki, and Koichi Shinoda. "Deep Learning Based Multi-modal Addressee Recognition in Visual Scenes with Utterances." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/214.

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With the widespread use of intelligent systems, such as smart speakers, addressee recognition has become a concern in human-computer interaction, as more and more people expect such systems to understand complicated social scenes, including those outdoors, in cafeterias, and hospitals. Because previous studies typically focused only on pre-specified tasks with limited conversational situations such as controlling smart homes, we created a mock dataset called Addressee Recognition in Visual Scenes with Utterances (ARVSU) that contains a vast body of image variations in visual scenes with an annotated utterance and a corresponding addressee for each scenario. We also propose a multi-modal deep-learning-based model that takes different human cues, specifically eye gazes and transcripts of an utterance corpus, into account to predict the conversational addressee from a specific speaker's view in various real-life conversational scenarios. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to introduce an end-to-end deep learning model that combines vision and transcripts of utterance for addressee recognition. As a result, our study suggests that future addressee recognition can reach the ability to understand human intention in many social situations previously unexplored, and our modality dataset is a first step in promoting research in this field.
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Fernández, Raquel, and Jonathan Ginzburg. "Non-sentential utterances." In the 19th international conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1072228.1072363.

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Namura, Saki, Taro Kanno, Kazuo Furuta, Yingting Chen, and Daichi Mitsuhashi. "Exploring quantitative indicators for monitoring resilient team cognition." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002052.

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Many human factors researchers have explored the cognitive and behavioral factors that affect team performance through behavioral and verbal protocol analyses. These studies primarily used qualitative analyses of observable behaviors and utterances, which makes it difficult to capture the dynamic and resilient team cooperation process directly. Therefore, it is necessary to develop quantitative indicators or measures to assess dynamic processes in team behavior and communication. Once such appropriate indicators or measures are developed, we can compare the performance of different teams quantitatively and find the features of team cognition that support good performance. In the study of complex problem solving, several studies calculated the entropies of utterances from the results of a qualitative analysis of team communication to detect phase changes in complex problem solving (Wiltshire and Butner, 2017). In addition to entropy, this study calculates the Kullback–Leibler divergence (KL) of utterances in segments for the entire team process to identify dynamic features and irregular segments in team communication. We applied the information theory to quantify the features of utterances in segments for the entire team process to find dynamic features and irregular segments in team communication. We analyzed the utterance data of a three-person team working on a task that required dynamic role assignment and collaboration. We first analyzed the turn-taking and communication contents and then visualized them using recurrence plots to visually find sequential patterns. We then calculated the Kullback–Leibler divergence (KL) and plotted it with sliding windows to analyze the dynamic features in team communication. The results showed that the bias of the content increased with disturbances, which suggests that the proposed indices can be used to capture speech distortions caused by external disturbances.
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Reports on the topic "Utterances"

1

Kirsch, Dixon. Temporal Characteristics of Fluent Speech in the Stuttered Utterances of Children. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7197.

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Inoue, Chikako, Yoshimi Hurukawa, and Kakuichi Shiomi. Research to Determine the Index of Activity Within a Brain Through Chaotic Utterance While Driving. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0619.

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Bohus, Dan, and Alex Rudnicky. Integrating Multiple Knowledge Sources for Utterance-Level Confidence Annotation in the CMU Communicator Spoken Dialog System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada461099.

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