Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Utility theory Econometric models'
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Paraskevopoulos, Ioannis. "Econometric models applied to production theory." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392498.
Full textAdusumilli, Karun. "Essays on inference in econometric models." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3760/.
Full textMcGarry, Joanne S. "Seasonality in continuous time econometric models." Thesis, University of Essex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313064.
Full textForchini, Giovanni. "Exact distribution theory for some econometric problems." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242631.
Full textKapetanios, George. "Essays on the econometric analysis of threshold models." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286704.
Full textHall, Stephen George Frederick. "Solving and evaluating large non-linear econometric models." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261290.
Full textLu, Maozu. "The encompassing principle and evaluation of econometric models." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316084.
Full textSherrell, Neill. "The estimation and specification of spatial econometric models." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281861.
Full textChambers, Marcus James. "Durability and consumers' demand : Gaussian estimation and some continuous time models." Thesis, University of Essex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238563.
Full textMcCrorie, James Roderick. "Some topics in the estimation of continuous time econometric models." Thesis, University of Essex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388615.
Full textArellano, Gomez Manuel. "Estimation and testing of dynamic econometric models from panel data." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261293.
Full textPitrun, Ivet 1959. "A smoothing spline approach to nonlinear inference for time series." Monash University, Dept. of Econometrics and Business Statistics, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8367.
Full textChen, Donghui 1970. "Median-unbiased estimation in linear autoregressive time series models." Monash University, Dept. of Econometrics and Business Statistics, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9044.
Full textIndralingam, Maheswaran. "Sequential estimation, parameter variation and predictive power of econometric market response models." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.255352.
Full textJeon, Yongil. "Four essays on forecasting evaluation and econometric estimation /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9949690.
Full textOng, Alen Sen Kay. "Asset location decision models in life insurance." Thesis, City University London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336430.
Full textNowman, Khalid. "Gaussian estimation of open higher order continuous time dynamic models with mixed stock and flow and with an application to a United Kingdom macroeconomic model." Thesis, University of Essex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305955.
Full textSilvestrini, Andrea. "Essays on aggregation and cointegration of econometric models." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210304.
Full textChapter 1 surveys the econometric methodology of temporal aggregation for a wide range of univariate and multivariate time series models.
A unified overview of temporal aggregation techniques for this broad class of processes is presented in the first part of the chapter and the main results are summarized. In each case, assuming to know the underlying process at the disaggregate frequency, the aim is to find the appropriate model for the aggregated data. Additional topics concerning temporal aggregation of ARIMA-GARCH models (see Drost and Nijman, 1993) are discussed and several examples presented. Systematic sampling schemes are also reviewed.
Multivariate models, which show interesting features under temporal aggregation (Breitung and Swanson, 2002, Marcellino, 1999, Hafner, 2008), are examined in the second part of the chapter. In particular, the focus is on temporal aggregation of VARMA models and on the related concept of spurious instantaneous causality, which is not a time series property invariant to temporal aggregation. On the other hand, as pointed out by Marcellino (1999), other important time series features as cointegration and presence of unit roots are invariant to temporal aggregation and are not induced by it.
Some empirical applications based on macroeconomic and financial data illustrate all the techniques surveyed and the main results.
Chapter 2 is an attempt to monitor fiscal variables in the Euro area, building an early warning signal indicator for assessing the development of public finances in the short-run and exploiting the existence of monthly budgetary statistics from France, taken as "example country".
The application is conducted focusing on the cash State deficit, looking at components from the revenue and expenditure sides. For each component, monthly ARIMA models are estimated and then temporally aggregated to the annual frequency, as the policy makers are interested in yearly predictions.
The short-run forecasting exercises carried out for years 2002, 2003 and 2004 highlight the fact that the one-step-ahead predictions based on the temporally aggregated models generally outperform those delivered by standard monthly ARIMA modeling, as well as the official forecasts made available by the French government, for each of the eleven components and thus for the whole State deficit. More importantly, by the middle of the year, very accurate predictions for the current year are made available.
The proposed method could be extremely useful, providing policy makers with a valuable indicator when assessing the development of public finances in the short-run (one year horizon or even less).
Chapter 3 deals with the issue of forecasting contemporaneous time series aggregates. The performance of "aggregate" and "disaggregate" predictors in forecasting contemporaneously aggregated vector ARMA (VARMA) processes is compared. An aggregate predictor is built by forecasting directly the aggregate process, as it results from contemporaneous aggregation of the data generating vector process. A disaggregate predictor is a predictor obtained from aggregation of univariate forecasts for the individual components of the data generating vector process.
The econometric framework is broadly based on Lütkepohl (1987). The necessary and sufficient condition for the equality of mean squared errors associated with the two competing methods in the bivariate VMA(1) case is provided. It is argued that the condition of equality of predictors as stated in Lütkepohl (1987), although necessary and sufficient for the equality of the predictors, is sufficient (but not necessary) for the equality of mean squared errors.
Furthermore, it is shown that the same forecasting accuracy for the two predictors can be achieved using specific assumptions on the parameters of the VMA(1) structure.
Finally, an empirical application that involves the problem of forecasting the Italian monetary aggregate M1 on the basis of annual time series ranging from 1948 until 1998, prior to the creation of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), is presented to show the relevance of the topic. In the empirical application, the framework is further generalized to deal with heteroskedastic and cross-correlated innovations.
Chapter 4 deals with a cointegration analysis applied to the empirical investigation of fiscal sustainability. The focus is on a particular country: Poland. The choice of Poland is not random. First, the motivation stems from the fact that fiscal sustainability is a central topic for most of the economies of Eastern Europe. Second, this is one of the first countries to start the transition process to a market economy (since 1989), providing a relatively favorable institutional setting within which to study fiscal sustainability (see Green, Holmes and Kowalski, 2001). The emphasis is on the feasibility of a permanent deficit in the long-run, meaning whether a government can continue to operate under its current fiscal policy indefinitely.
The empirical analysis to examine debt stabilization is made up by two steps.
First, a Bayesian methodology is applied to conduct inference about the cointegrating relationship between budget revenues and (inclusive of interest) expenditures and to select the cointegrating rank. This task is complicated by the conceptual difficulty linked to the choice of the prior distributions for the parameters relevant to the economic problem under study (Villani, 2005).
Second, Bayesian inference is applied to the estimation of the normalized cointegrating vector between budget revenues and expenditures. With a single cointegrating equation, some known results concerning the posterior density of the cointegrating vector may be used (see Bauwens, Lubrano and Richard, 1999).
The priors used in the paper leads to straightforward posterior calculations which can be easily performed.
Moreover, the posterior analysis leads to a careful assessment of the magnitude of the cointegrating vector. Finally, it is shown to what extent the likelihood of the data is important in revising the available prior information, relying on numerical integration techniques based on deterministic methods.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Lee, Daesik. "Essays on coalition formation under asymmetric information." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53567.
Full textPh. D.
Alexandrova, Anna. "Connecting models to the real world game theory in action /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3205365.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file (viewed April 6, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-206).
Lipscomb, Clifford Allen. "Resolving the aggregation problem that plagues the hedonic pricing method." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082004-180317/unrestricted/lipscomb%5fclifford%5fa%5f200312%5fphd.pdf.
Full textLazim, Mohamad Alias. "Econometric forecasting models and model evaluation : a case study of air passenger traffic flow." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296880.
Full textShami, Roland G. (Roland George) 1960. "Bayesian analysis of a structural model with regime switching." Monash University, Dept. of Econometrics and Business Statistics, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9277.
Full textMukherji, Nivedita. "Essays on the optimum quantity of money." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39721.
Full textKemp, Gordon C. R. "Asymptotic expansion approximations and the distributions of various test statistics in dynamic econometric models." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1987. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/99431/.
Full textCollado-Vindel, Maria Dolores. "Dynamic econometric models for cohort and panel data : methods and applications to life-cycle consumption." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1994. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2829/.
Full text方柏榮 and Pak-wing Fong. "Topics in financial time series analysis: theory and applications." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31241669.
Full textBanerjee, Dyuti Sanker. "Essays on bids and offer matching in the labor market." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37259.
Full textPh. D.
McCloud, Nadine. "Model misspecification theory and applications /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
Find full textVashi, Vidyut H. "The effect of price, advertising, and income on consumer demand : an almost ideal demand system investigation /." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-165751/.
Full textStaudigel, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Obesity, food demand, and models of rational consumer behaviour : econometric analyses and challenges to theory / Matthias Staudigel." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1068591528/34.
Full textSriananthakumar, Sivagowry 1968. "Contributions to the theory and practice of hypothesis testing." Monash University, Dept. of Econometrics and Business Statistics, 2000. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8836.
Full textBrito, Hugo Miguel de Jesus. "Econometric study of alternative operators' investment decisions." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10796.
Full textA relação entre a intervenção regulatória, as decisões de investimento dos operadores alternativos e o grau de concorrência nos mercados de comunicações eletrónicas tem sido intensamente discutida. O debate centra-se na possibilidade de obter um compromisso entre concorrência baseada em serviços e concorrência baseada em infraestruturas. A teoria da escada do investimento defende a conciliação destes dois objetivos pela intervenção adequada do regulador. Usando uma base de dados bastante completa e atendendo às fragilidades apontadas a outros estudos conclui-se que a informação sobre o mercado português comprova alguns pressupostos teóricos associados à teoria da escada do investimento: (i) a criação de condições para que os operadores alternativos entrem no mercado é um passo importante para que invistam em infraestrutura, e (ii) o regulador possui instrumentos para neutralizar o custo de oportunidade criado ao investimento em infraestruturas pelos lucros da concorrência baseada em serviços. O investimento em redes de fibra ótica pelos operadores alternativos é também considerado, avaliando os determinantes deste investimento e o respetivo efeito no nível de cobertura de uma área geográfica. É dada particular atenção à obtenção de uma especificação adequada para o modelo. Conclui-se que é preferível utilizar um modelo a duas partes em detrimento de um modelo a uma parte, pois os conjuntos de determinantes da decisão de investir numa área geográfica e da decisão relativa ao nível de cobertura a atingir nessa área não são idênticos. As características demográficas, económicas e sociais intrínsecas às áreas geográficas influenciam significativamente as decisões de investimento dos operadores alternativos.
The relation between regulation, the alternative operators' investment decisions and the degree of competition in the markets, has been an important policy issue over time. The discussions on this matter are mostly related with the possibility to achieve service-based competition in the short run, without compromising infrastructure-based competition in the long run. The investment ladder theory argues that both goals are achievable by appropriate regulatory intervention. By using a rich dataset and taking into account flaws pointed out in other studies, the present study finds reasonable evidence that the Portuguese market's data supports theoretical assumptions of the investment ladder theory: (i) creating conditions for alternative operators entering the market is an step in creating conditions for investment in infrastructure; (ii) the regulator has the tools to neutralise the opportunity cost for infrastructure investment created by service-based competition profits. The investment in fibre networks by alternative operators is also taken into consideration, with an evaluation of the investment determinants and their effect on coverage level of alternative operator's fibre networks. Particular attention is given to achieve an appropriate model specification. It is concluded that it is preferable to use a two-part model over a one part-model, which provides evidence that the determinants of the decision to invest in a geographical area are not entirely similar to the determinants of the decision on the coverage level in that area. The present study found that the intrinsic demographic, economic and social characteristics of a given geographical area influence investment decisions of alternative operators.
Hwang, Jungbin. "Fixed smoothing asymptotic theory in over-identified econometric models in the presence of time-series and clustered dependence." Thesis, University of California, San Diego, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10128431.
Full textIn the widely used over-identified econometric model, the two-step Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) estimator and inference, first suggested by Hansen (1982), require the estimation of optimal weighting matrix at the initial stages. For time series data and clustered dependent data, which is our focus here, the optimal weighting matrix is usually referred to as the long run variance (LRV) of the (scaled) sample moment conditions. To maintain generality and avoid misspecification, nowadays we do not model serial dependence and within-cluster dependence parametrically but use the heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation robust (HAR) variance estimator in standard practice. These estimators are nonparametric in nature with high variation in finite samples, but the conventional increasing smoothing asymptotics, so called small-bandwidth asymptotics, completely ignores the finite sample variation of the estimated GMM weighting matrix. As a consequence, empirical researchers are often in danger of making unreliable inferences and false assessments of the (efficient) two-step GMM methods. Motivated by this issue, my dissertation consists of three papers which explore the efficiency and approximation issues in the two-step GMM methods by developing new, more accurate, and easy-to-use approximations to the GMM weighting matrix.
The first chapter, "Simple and Trustworthy Cluster-Robust GMM Inference" explores new asymptotic theory for two-step GMM estimation and inference in the presence of clustered dependence. Clustering is a common phenomenon for many cross-sectional and panel data sets in applied economics, where individuals in the same cluster will be interdependent while those from different clusters are more likely to be independent. The core of new approximation scheme here is that we treat the number of clusters G fixed as the sample size increases. Under the new fixed-G asymptotics, the centered two-step GMM estimator and two continuously-updating estimators have the same asymptotic mixed normal distribution. Also, the t statistic, J statistic, as well as the trinity of two-step GMM statistics (QLR, LM and Wald) are all asymptotically pivotal, and each can be modified to have an asymptotic standard F distribution or t distribution. We also suggest a finite sample variance correction further to improve the accuracy of the F or t approximation. Our proposed asymptotic F and t tests are very appealing to practitioners, as test statistics are simple modifications of the usual test statistics, and the F or t critical values are readily available from standard statistical tables. We also apply our methods to an empirical study on the causal effect of access to domestic and international markets on household consumption in rural China.
The second paper "Should we go one step further? An Accurate Comparison of One-step and Two-step procedures in a Generalized Method of Moments Framework” (coauthored with Yixiao Sun) focuses on GMM procedure in time-series setting and provides an accurate comparison of one-step and two-step GMM procedures in a fixed-smoothing asymptotics framework. The theory developed in this paper shows that the two-step procedure outperforms the one-step method only when the benefit of using the optimal weighting matrix outweighs the cost of estimating it. We also provide clear guidance on how to choose a more efficient (or powerful) GMM estimator (or test) in practice.
While our fixed smoothing asymptotic theory accurately describes sampling distribution of two-step GMM test statistic, the limiting distribution of conventional GMM statistics is non-standard, and its critical values need to be simulated or approximated by standard distributions in practice. In the last chapter, "Asymptotic F and t Tests in an Efficient GMM Setting" (coauthored with Yixiao Sun), we propose a simple and easy-to-implement modification to the trinity (QLM, LM, and Wald) of two-step GMM statistics and show that the modified test statistics are all asymptotically F distributed under the fixed-smoothing asymptotics. The modification is multiplicative and only involves the J statistic for testing over-identifying restrictions. In fact, what we propose can be regarded as the multiplicative variance correction for two-step GMM statistics that takes into account the additional asymptotic variance term under the fixed-smoothing asymptotics. The results in this paper can be immediately generalized to the GMM setting in the presence of clustered dependence.
Raychaudhuri, Subhashis. "Essays on game theory and its application to social discrimination and segregation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37258.
Full textPh. D.
Nyika, Farai. "An empirical analysis of the Austrian business cycle theory with respect to South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020867.
Full textCook, Victoria Tracy 1960. "The effects of temporal uncertainty resolution on the overall utility and suspense of risky monetary and survival gambles /." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75966.
Full textWeng, Weiwei, and 翁韡韡. "Two essays on matching and centralized admissions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46419974.
Full textVickers, John. "Patent races and market structure." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9e3df3d2-b58a-48cc-b639-78c7c48bd3cd.
Full textJablonský, Petr. "Performance downside risk models of the post-modern portfolio theory." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-161865.
Full textHowell, John R. "Choice Models with Nonlinear Pricing." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1370020683.
Full textLu, Lei 1975. "Essays on asset pricing with heterogeneous beliefs and bounded rational investor." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103267.
Full textIwasawa, Masamune. "Specification Tests in Econometrics and Their Application." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215270.
Full textDevaraj, Srikant. "Specification and estimation of the price responsiveness of alcohol demand| A policy analytic perspective." Thesis, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10032406.
Full textAccurate estimation of alcohol price elasticity is important for policy analysis – e.g.., determining optimal taxes and projecting revenues generated from proposed tax changes. Several approaches to specifying and estimating the price elasticity of demand for alcohol can be found in the literature. There are two keys to policy-relevant specification and estimation of alcohol price elasticity. First, the underlying demand model should take account of alcohol consumption decisions at the extensive margin – i.e., individuals’ decisions to drink or not – because the price of alcohol may impact the drinking initiation decision and one’s decision to drink is likely to be structurally different from how much they drink if they decide to do so (the intensive margin). Secondly, the modeling of alcohol demand elasticity should yield both theoretical and empirical results that are causally interpretable. The elasticity estimates obtained from the existing two-part model takes into account the extensive margin, but are not causally interpretable.
The elasticity estimates obtained using aggregate-level models, however, are causally interpretable, but do not explicitly take into account the extensive margin. There currently exists no specification and estimation method for alcohol price elasticity that both accommodates the extensive margin and is causally interpretable. I explore additional sources of bias in the extant approaches to elasticity specification and estimation: 1) the use of logged (vs. nominal) alcohol prices; and 2) implementation of unnecessarily restrictive assumptions underlying the conventional two-part model. I propose a new approach to elasticity specification and estimation that covers the two key requirements for policy relevance and remedies all such biases. I find evidence of substantial divergence between the new and extant methods using both simulated and the real data. Such differences are profound when placed in the context of alcohol tax revenue generation.
Fratus, Brian J. "Rational asset pricing : book-to-market equity as a proxy for risk in utility stocks /." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11242009-020322/.
Full textThompson, Stephanie C. "Rational design theory: a decision-based foundation for studying design methods." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39490.
Full textKotelba, A. (Adrian). "Theory of rational decision-making and its applications to adaptive transmission." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2013. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526202044.
Full textTiivistelmä Tässä väitöskirjassa tutkitaan ja kehitetään edelleen adaptiivisia lähettimen tehonsäätöalgoritmeja luotettavaan tietoliikenteeseen kanavissa, joilla on tila. Tällaisissa kanavissa Shannonin määrittelemän kapasiteetin tiukka noudattaminen saattaa johtaa konservatiivisiin järjestelmiin. Monissa käytännön järjestelmissä virheetöntä tiedonsiirtoa ei vaadita, koska niissä voidaan helposti selviytyä dekoodausvirheistä. Nämä pohdinnat johtavat toisenlaisiin informaatioteoreettisiin näkökulmiin, joissa luotettavan tietoliikenteen nopeutta pidetään satunnaismuuttujana, joka ei riipu ainoastaan kanavan tilastollisista ominaisuuksista vaan myös adaptiivisesta lähetysstrategiasta. Adaptiivisesta siirrosta kanavissa, joilla on tila, on jo tehty lukuisia tutkimuksia käyttäen tietoliikennenopeuden odotusarvoa tai informaation katkostodennäköisyyttä asiaankuuluvina suorituskykymittareina. Näitä mittareita on käytetty tavallisesti ilman tarkkaa perustelua, vaikka ne ovat intuitiivisesti houkuttelevia. Tämä väitöskirja tuottaa uusia tuloksia alan kehityksen nykytasoon monella tavalla. Näihin kuuluvat uudet käsitteelliset näkökulmat adaptiivisten tietoliikennejärjestelmien suorituskyvyn arviointiin kanavissa, joilla on tila, sekä uusi joukko adaptiivisia tehonsäätöalgoritmeja. Erityisesti rationaalisen päätöksenteon malleja ja menetelmiä on otettu käyttöön systemaattisesti kehitettäessä yhtenäistä puitetta adaptiivisen siirron analyysiin ja optimointiin kanavissa, joilla on tila. Ehdotettu puite arvioi asianmukaisesti äärellisen koodauspituuden rajoitusta, ottaa huomioon päätöksentekijän mieltymykset, tarkastelee määrättyyn päätökseen liittyviä oleellisia epävarmuuksia ja määrittää optimaalisen päätöksen maksimoimalla jonkin numeerisen päätösmuuttujan. Keskeinen löytö on se, että monet aikaisemmin ehdotetut suorituskykymittarit voidaan perustella tarkasti uuden, tässä ehdotetun puitteen sisällä. Lisäksi tarkastellaan adaptiivista lähettimen tehonsäätöä rinnakkaisissa Gaussin jakaumaa noudattavissa kanavissa. Tavoitteena on saada aikaan uusia lähettimen tehonsäätöalgoritmien luokkia. Turvallisuus ensin -lähestymistapaa, riskiteoriaa ja odotetun hyödyn teoriaa sovelletaan uusien lähettimen tehonsäätöalgoritmien johtamiseen. Ehdotettujen tehonsäätöalgoritmien suorituskykyä on mitattu tietokonesimuloinneilla ja verrattu joidenkin muiden hyvin tunnettujen algoritmien suorituskykyyn
Heller, Collin M. "A computational model of engineering decision making." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50272.
Full textBart-Williams, Claudius Pythias. "On asset pricing and the equity premium puzzle." Thesis, Brunel University, 2000. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6371.
Full textBauknecht, Klaus Dieter. "A macroeconometric policy model of the South African economy based on weak rational expectations with an application to monetary policy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51575.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Lucas critique states that if expectations are not explicitly dealt with, conventional econometric models are inappropriate for policy analyses, as their coefficients are not policy invariant. The inclusion of rational expectations in ·conventional model building has been the most common response to this critique. The concept of rational expectations has received several interpretations. In numerous studies, these expectations are associated with model consistent expectations in the sense that expectations and model solutions are identical. To derive a solution, these models require unique algorithms and assumptions regarding their terminal state, in particular when forward-looking expectations are present. An alternative that avoids these issues is the concept of weak rational expectations, which emphasises that expectation errors should not be systematic. Expectations are therefore formed on the basis of an underlying structure, but full knowledge of the model is not essential. The accommodation of this type of rational expectations is accomplished by means of an explicit specification of an expectations equation consistent with the macro econometric model's broad structure. The estimation of coefficients relating to expectations is achieved through an Instrumental Variable approach. In South Africa, monetary policy has been consistent and transparent in line with the recommendations of the De Kock Commission. This allows the modelling of the policy instrument of the South African Reserve Bank, i.e. the Bank rate, by means of a policy reaction function. Given this transparency in monetary policy, the accommodation of expectations of the Bank rate is essential in modelling the full impact of monetary policy and in avoiding the Lucas critique. This is accomplished through weak rational expectations, based on the reaction function of the Reserve Bank. The accommodation of expectations of a policy instrument also allows the modelling of anticipated and unanticipated policies as alternative assumptions regarding the expectations process can be made during simulations. Conventional econometric models emphasise the demand side of the economy, with equations focusing on private consumption, investment, exports and imports and possibly changes in inventories. In this study, particular emphasis in the model specification is also placed on the impact of monetary policy on government debt and debt servicing costs. Other dimensions of the model include the modelling of the money supply and balance of payments, short- and long-term interest rates, domestic prices, the exchange rate, the wage rate and employment as well as weakly rational expectations of inflation and the Bank rate. The model has been specified and estimated by usmg concepts such as cointegration and Error Correction modelling. Numerous tests, including the assessment of the Root Mean Square Percentage Error, have been employed to test the adequacy of the model. Similarly, tests are carried out to ensure weak rational expectations. Numerous simulations are carried out with the model and the results are compared to relevant alternative studies. The simulation results show that the reduction of inflation by means of only monetary policy could impose severe costs on the economy in terms of real sector volatility.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Lucas-kritiek beweer dat konvensionele ekonometriese modelle nie gebruik kan word vir beleidsontleding nie, aangesien dit nie voorsiening maak vir die verandering in verwagtings wanneer beleidsaanpassings gemaak word nie. Die insluiting van rasionele verwagtinge in konvensionele ekonometriese modelle is die mees algemene reaksie op die Lukas-kritiek. Ten einde die praktiese insluiting van rasionele verwagtings III ekonometriese modelbou te vergemaklik, word in hierdie studie gebruik gemaak van sogenaamde "swak rasionele verwagtings", wat slegs vereis dat verwagtingsfoute me sistematies moet wees nie. Die beraming van die koëffisiënte van die verwagtingsveranderlikes word gedoen met behulp van die Instrumentele Veranderlikes-benadering. Monetêre beleid in Suid-Afrika was histories konsekwent en deursigtig in ooreenstemming met die aanbevelings van die De Kock Kommissie. Die beleidsinstrument van die Suid-Afrikaanse Reserwebank, naamlik die Bankkoers, kan gevolglik gemodelleer word met behulp van 'n beleidsreaksie-funksie. Ten einde die Lukas-kritiek te akkommodeer, moet verwagtings oor die Bankkoers egter ingesluit word wanneer die volle impak van monetêre beleid gemodelleer word. Dit word vermag met die insluiting van swak rasionele verwagtings, gebaseer op die reaksie-funksie van die Reserwebank. Sodoende kan die impak van verwagte en onverwagte beleidsaanpassings gesimuleer word. Konvensionele ekonometriese modelle beklemtoon die vraagkant van die ekonomie, met vergelykings vir verbruik, investering, invoere, uitvoere en moontlik die verandering in voorrade. In hierdie studie word daar ook klem geplaas op die impak van monetêre beleid op staatskuld en die koste van staatsskuld. Ander aspekte wat gemodelleer word, is die geldvoorraad en betalingsbalans, korttermyn- en langtermynrentekoerse, binnelandse pryse, die wisselkoers, loonkoerse en indiensneming, asook swak rasionele verwagtings van inflasie en die Bankkkoers. Die model is gespesifiseer en beraam met behulp van ko-integrasie en die gebruik van lang-en korttermynvergelykings. Die gebruiklike toetse is uitgevoer om die toereikendheid van die model te toets. Verskeie simulasies is uitgevoer met die model en die resultate is vergelyk met ander relevante studies. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat die verlaging van inflasie deur alleenlik gebruik te maak van monetêre beleid 'n swaar las op die ekonomie kan lê in terme van volatiliteit in die reële sektor.