Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Utilisation distribution'
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Donaghy, Brian George. "Object-oriented modelling for improved utilisation of electricity distribution networks." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388084.
Full textPigeon, Mathieu. "Utilisation d'avis d'experts en actuariat." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25548/25548.pdf.
Full textAndersson, Sebastian. "Centralised Distribution Grid Energy Storage Systems : Placement and Utilisation for Grid Expansion Deferment." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149074.
Full textTeller, David. "Ressources limitées pour la mobilité : utilisation, réutilisation, garanties." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011239.
Full textMouhamad, Malick. "Réduction des pertes à vide des transformateurs de distribution par utilisation de rubans amorphes." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719097.
Full textPonelis, S. R. (Shana Rachel). "Data marts as management information delivery mechanisms: utilisation in manufacturing organisations with third party distribution." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27061.
Full textThesis (MIS(Information Science))--University of Pretoria, 2002.
Information Science
MIS
unrestricted
Caumont, Olivier. "Détermination de l'état de charge dune batterie plomb acide en utilisation véhicule électrique." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10160.
Full textLes ampères-heures réellement échanges par la batterie sont pondérés de coefficients d'équivalence tires d'expériences a profils de courant dynamiques pour obtenir la quantité d'électricité virtuellement déchargée au courant de référence. L'effet des freinages récupératifs et des pauses y est soustrait et le résultat est rapporte aux ampères-heures initialement disponibles a ce même courant. L'évaluation de cet algorithme sur des décharges réelles reproduites en laboratoire l'a révèle meilleur que les méthodes classiques avec moins de cinq pour-cent d'erreur. Des essais en conditions réelles ont ensuite confirme cette imprécision maximale sur quelques décharges consécutives. Pour finir, une réflexion sur les facteurs susceptibles de faire diverger l'algorithme a long terme est proposée ainsi que les solutions ou études envisagées pour y remédier
Lissy, Alexandre. "Utilisation de méthodes formelles pour garantir des propriétés de logiciels au sein d'une distribution : exemple du noyau Linux." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4019/document.
Full textIn this thesis we are interested in integrating to the Linux distribution produced by Mandriva quality assurance level that allows ensuring user-Defined properties on the source code used. The core work of a distribution and its producer is to create a meaningful aggregate from software available. Those softwares are free and open source, hence it is possible to adapt it to improve end user’s experience. Hence, there is less control over the source code. Manual audit can of course be used to make sure it has good properties. Examples of such properties are often referring to security, but one could think of others. However, more and more software are getting integrated into distributions and each is showing an increase in source code volume: tools are needed to make quality assurance achievable. We start by providing a study of the distribution itself to document the current status. We use it to select some packages that we consider critical, and for which we can improve things with the condition that packages which are similar enough to the rest of the distribution will be considered first. This leads us to concentrating on the Linux kernel: we provide a state of the art overview of code verification applied to this piece of the distribution. We identify a need for a better understanding of the structure of the source code. To address those needs we propose to use a graph as a representation of the source code and use it to help document and understand its structure. Specifically we study applying some state of the art community detection algorithm to help handle the combinatory explosion. We also propose a distribution’s build system-Integrated architecture for executing, collecting and handling the analysis of data produced by verifications tools
Molaudzi, Azwindini Moses. "Predictors of resource provisioning in public schools." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76726.
Full textThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Education Management and Policy Studies
PhD
Unrestricted
Dutheil, Michaël. "Densité de charge : utilisation des détecteurs de type CCD : application en sciences des matériaux et pharmacologie." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0736.
Full textAudebert, Patrick. "Diagnostics spectroscopiques d'un plasma créé par laser : utilisation des raies satellites diélectroniques." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112176.
Full textThis thesis is a theoritical and experimental study of dielectronic satellites of the hydrogen-like lyman-α line in laser created plasmas. The use of performing experimental methods enabled the measurement of the localized X ray emission in the plasma conduction zone. We deduced the electronic density and temperature of the plasma along the laser axis from experimental spectra. The characteristics of the plasma being determined, we verified the validity of the predicted satellite line intensities by comparison to experimental results. The good agreement obtained confirmed the various theoretical models used and showed the importance of taking into account reabsorption effects
Lalander, Emilia, Mårten Grabbe, and Mats Leijon. "On the velocity distribution for hydro-kinetic energy conversion from tidal currents and rivers." Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-195499.
Full textFabulas-Da, Costa Anaëlle. "Utilisation de modèles in vitro de la barrière hémato-encéphalique dans les phases précoces du développement de médicaments." Thesis, Artois, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ARTO0410/document.
Full textThe blood-brain barrier (BBB), located at the level of brain capillaries, is responsible for brain homeostasis maintenance by tightly controlling blood-borne substances access to the brain. The presence of the BBB is an asset during peripheral drug development. Indeed, the BBB protects the central nervous system (CNS) against potential neurotoxic effects of compounds by strongly limiting their passage. However, exposure of brain capillaries endothelial cells to chemical agents is likely to cause a transient increase in BBB permeability. This increase can disrupt brain homeostasis and allow the massive entry of potentially neurotoxic molecules in the CNS. Hence, taking into account BBB toxicity in alternative neurotoxicity studies is important. In addition, the CNS side effects of several drugs used chronically could be at least partly attributed to their toxicity at the level of the BBB causing unwanted, indirect effect on brain cells. To address this issue, our in vitro BBB model, which consist of a co-culture of brain capillary endothelial cells and glial cells, has been adapted to the evaluation of repeated-dose toxicity at the BBB. The protective properties of the BBB become a major hurdle during CNS drug development. One way to reduce theimportant attrition rate, consists in predicting the CNS distribution of drug candidates early in CNS drug discovery programs. The use of unbound brain concentrations has been shown to provide the best correlations with pharmacological data. Hence, new approaches aim to predict the free brain concentration of compounds. However, the determination of free brain / free plasma ratios requires both in vitro and in vivo experiments that are both animal and time consuming. Consequently, we have explored the possibility to directly generate free brain / free plasma ratios under steady-state and non-steady state conditions in our in vitro BBB model, thereby greatly simplifying existing experimental procedures.. The work presented herein aimed to develop two in vitro methodologies. The first one allows the study of repeated-dose BBB toxicity. The second one allows free brain / free plasma ratios assessment using an in vitro model of the blood brain barrier, which can drive the selection of CNS drug candidates with the most favourable target engagement. The use of these two methodologies may help to reduce attrition rates in drug discovery and development by appreciating the eventual central toxicity of systemic drug associated with BBB dysfunction and by identifying centrally acting-compounds with a desirable in vivo response in the CNS early on in the drug discovery process
Kamal, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'étude de la distribution des états électroniques de NiO dans l'état fondamental : utilisation de l'approximation LSDA+U." Metz, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1995/Kamal.Mohamed.SMZ9504.pdf.
Full textThe electronic state distribution of the NiO antiferromagnetic ground state has been studied within the local spin density approximation. All electrons, including the localized 3D electrons, are described by means of itinerant states according to the translational symmetry. The wave functions and energies are obtained self-consistently through a spin polarized linear combination of atomic orbitals method. Unlike a classical calculation, the charge fluctuations have been taken into account and related to a potential acting specifically on the 3D electrons. The main term in that potential is the on-site electrostatic interaction U between two electrons. The presence of U alters the repartition of the allowed and forbidden electronic states as well as the degree of hybridyzation of the eigenfunctions. The results show that the occupied 3D bands are narrow and nearly separated. The calculated gap value is in agreement with the experimental value when U is adjusted to 5. 4 eV. The occupied and empty 3D functions are those predicted by the ligand field applied to an atom in a cubic surrounding. The oxygen 2p bands reside below the small dispersive metallic 3D bands and confer a Mott insulating character to NiO. Nevertheless the full bands are not entirely pure because U enhances the ratio of the oxygen 2p functions within these bands. The theoretical electronic state diagram allows the interpretation of the whole experimental results particulary the optical absorption and the photoemission. Finally the satisfactory agreement with the angular photoemission spectra shows the ability of our approch to describe the ground state of NiO
KAMAL, MOHAMED HUGEL J. "CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DE LA DISTRIBUTION DES ETATS ELECTRONIQUES DE NIO DANS L'ETAT FONDAMENTAL. UTILISATION DE L'APPROXIMATION LSDA+U /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1995. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1995/Kamal.Mohamed.SMZ9504.pdf.
Full textJakubsson, Filip. "Utvärdering av ett simuleringsverktyg för analys av resursbehov." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1128.
Full textGreen Cargo är den största aktören för godstransporter på järnväg i Sverige. Dotterbolaget Road&Logistics erbjuder kombinerade transporter bestående av järnväg och lastbil. Järnvägen utnyttjas för de långväga transporterna och lastbilarna för slingtrafiken. Med hjälp av crossdockingterminaler samlastas även gods från olika lastbärare till en enhet. Detta för att optimera kapacitetsutnyttjandet, vilket ger synergieffekter i form av miljövinster och sänkta kostnader.
På senare år har olika verktyg utvecklats för att underlätta distributionsplaneringen. Simulering är ett exempel på ett modernt verktyg för att analysera befintliga eller tänkta system.
Jag har utvärderat en befintlig simuleringsmodell och tagit reda på om den på kort sikt kunnat analysera behovet av resursanvändningen alternativt den optimala användningen av dessa i ett distributionsnät bestående av konfektion. Studien är geografiskt avgränsad till att enbart omfatta Stockholmsregionen, vilket innebär att lastbil är det enda transportmedlet som behandlas. I arbetet ingår butikskedjorna H&M, KappAhl, Dressmann, Lindex och Fashionet. Fashionet är en portal med alla mindre konfektionsbutiker, som ingår i Green Cargo Road&Logistics kundkrets.
Efter genomförda simuleringar är slutsatsen att ett antal tekniska modifikationer måste göras för att modellen ska kunna bli användbar. Modellen är i grunden avsedd för operativ planering, samtidigt som det operativa användandet både är omständigt och tidskrävande. Därför skulle alternativ lösning kunna vara att utveckla olika scenarion som representerar typveckor. Transportplanerarens uppgift blir då att identifiera distributionen för närmaste timmen, dagen eller veckan och sedan jämföra detta med de på förhand skapade scenarion. På så sätt undviks själva simuleringsprocessen, inklusive inmatning av data. Tillämpningen av lämpligt optimeringsverktyg parallellt med simuleringen skulle vara ytterligare ett sätt att effektivisera planeringsarbetet.
En oväntad positiv bieffekt var att ett antal svårupptäckta kodfel kunde identifieras och korrigeras, tack vare den noggranna verifikationen. I simuleringsprojektär tidspressen ofta så hög att detaljerade verifieringar inte kan göras.
François, Olivier. "Préparation et utilisation de carburants à base de charbon : Les ultracarbofluides, expérimentations et modélisations." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPE094.
Full textMalamidou, Dimitra. "La céramique à décor peint "noir sur rouge" du néolithique récent II en Grèce du nord : production, distribution et utilisation." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010510.
Full textAinser, Auder. "Etude des écoulements et réactions chimiques en extrudeuse bi-vis : approche expérimentale : utilisation de la distribution des temps de séjour." Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STET4014.
Full textChen, Yu-Sen. "Utilisation conjointe d'un modèle de génération-distribution et des comptages de circulation pour la reconstitution d'une matrice de trafic routier origine-destination." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529502.
Full textPalancher, Hervé. "Caractérisation in situ par diffraction anomale de la distribution cationique de zéolithes X bicationiques dans des conditions proches de leur utilisation industrielle." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10187.
Full textThe search for optimized zeolitic agents for separation by adsorption requires an understanding of cation distribution behavior in these materials. To undertake this analysis, a method based on in situ AWAXS méasurements has been developed. A reaction cell enabling in situ analysis at high temperature and under dynamic adsorption conditions has been built. This miniaturized set-up, designed for convenient use, includes a fumace for accurate temperature monitoring, and enables precise positioning and oscillation of the sample in the beam. Two tools have been developed for AWAXS data treatment: anomalous difference maps used to locate resonant cations and anomalous differential diffraction patterns to constrain the structural model. The efficiency of this approach has been demonstrated in the study of hydrated SrRbX zeolite, which is particularly difficult by diffraction. Based on these two methodological and technical advances, a comparative study of cation distribution in monocationic (caX and SrX) and bicationic (SrRbX, srCaX, CaRbX and RbNaX) X zeolites, with the same SVAI ratio, has been performed at two hydration levels (higt hydration and dehydration) and under operando conditions (para-xytene saturation at 448 K). The key influence of the type and amount 0' adsorbed molecules has been demonstrated. Although cation distributions in bicationic zeolites can be predicted qualitatively from those of X zeolites with closely related chemical composition, AW AXS measurements are in ail cases necessary for a precise quantitative determination
Tala-Ighil, Boubekeur. "Utilisation des éléments parasites des transformateurs haute et très haute tension dans les convertisseurs statiques à résonance fonctionnant à fréquence variable." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20269.
Full textArsenault, Richard. "Utilisation des données du MRCC15 pour la détermination de la distribution spatiale optimale du réseau d’observations météorologiques en modélisation hydrologique distribuée et globale." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1006/1/ARSENAULT_Richard.pdf.
Full textWoolston, C. P. "A method of increasing capacity of an electricity distribution network through predictive modelling and intelligent protection." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36121/1/36121_Woolston_2000.pdf.
Full textTitz, Adam. "Optimalizace rozvozových linek sběrné služby u vybrané společnosti v regionu Morava." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382238.
Full textEmam, Mohammed. "Prédiction des facteurs de risque conduisant à l’emphysème chez l’homme par utilisation de techniques diagnostiques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112081/document.
Full textChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) refers to a group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it increasingly difficult for you to breathe. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the two main conditions that make up COPD, but COPD can also refer to damage caused by chronic asthmatic bronchitis. Pulmonary emphysema is defined as a lung disease characterized by “abnormal enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal, non-respiratory bronchiole, accompanied by destructive changes of the alveolar walls”. These lung parenchymal changes are pathognomonic for emphysema. Chronic bronchitis is a form of bronchitis characterized by excess production of sputum leading to a chronic cough and obstruction of air flow. In all cases, damage to your airways eventually interferes with the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your lungs. Habitual techniques of emphysema’s diagnosis are based on indirect features, such as clinical examination; Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) and subjective visual evaluation of CT scans. These tests are of limited value in assessing mild to moderate emphysema. The presented work discusses the possibility of applying a nonlinear analysis approach on air density distribution within lung airways tree at any level of branching. Computed Tomography (CT) source images of the lung are subjected to two phases of treatment in order to produce a fractal coefficient of the air density distribution. In the first phase, raw pixel values from source images, corresponding to all possible air densities, are processed by a software tool, developed in order to, construct a product image. This is done through Cascading Elimination of Unwanted Elements (CEUE): a preprocessing analysis step of the source image. It identifies values of air density within the airways tree, while eliminating all non-air-density values. Then, during the second phase, in an iterative manner, a process of Resolution Diminution Iterations (RDI) takes place. Every resolution reduction produces a new resultant histogram. A resultant histogram is composed of a number of peaks, each of which corresponding to a cluster of air densities. A curve is plotted for each resolution reduction versus the number of peaks counted at this particular resolution. It permits the calculation of the fractal dimension from the regression slope of log-log power law plot
Haikola, Matilda, and Malin Söderberg. "Grid Tariff Design for Efficient Utilisation of the Distributor Grid : A qualitative study with actors on the Swedish electricity market." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279515.
Full textDet svenska elsystemet genomgår en förändring till följd av införandet av klimatmål och trender relaterade till teknik och demografi. Denna förändring har resulterat i ett ökat effektbehov. Ett ökat effektbehov i kombination med bristande prognostisering, planering och samordning mellan aktörer inom elsektorn har lett till uppkomsten av kapacitetsbrist. Att bygga ut elnätet är tar tid och kräver större investeringar. Ett alternativ är att istället utnyttja det befintliga elnätet mer effektivt genom att implementera flexibilitetslösningar. Flexibilitet kan uppnås genom att införa incitament i form av elnätstariffer. Denna lösning har nyligen fått mycket uppmärksamhet i Sverige, men det är inte klart inte hur dessa elnätstariffer ska utformas. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka hur distributionsnätets tariffer kan utformas för att stimulera olika aktörer att bidra med flexibilitet på ett sätt som resulterar i en effektiv användning av det befintliga elnätet. En kvalitativ studie genomfördes där empiriska data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med aktörer på den svenska elmarknaden. Syftet är att resultaten från detta arbete ska fungera som ett underlag för nätägare som planerar att utforma elnätstariffer med syftet att utnyttja nätet mer effektivt. Resultaten visar att en ToU-effektavgift med gratis off-peak perioder bör vara den huvudsakliga prissignalen i en elnätstariff som ämnar att utnyttja det befintliga nätet mer effektivt. Det visar även att andra strukturella element kan komplettera ToU-effektavgiften. En mindre fast avgift kan adderas i syfte att göra elnätstariffen mer kostnadsriktig. En mindre energiavgift kan införas för att ge kunder incitament att vara flexibla även under den nuvarande uppmätta maximala effekten och stärka signalen från ToU-effektavgiften. Vidare kan energiavgiften säkerställa tillräckliga intäkter för nätägaren om kunderna svarar bra på en ToU-effektavgift och för att kompensera kunder med solceller. Ytterligare rekommendationer för att möjliggöra prissignaler genom elnätstariffer inkluderar att skifta fokus på intäktsramen från CapEx till OpEx och utforska de hämmande prissignalerna från energiskatten och de motstridiga prissignalerna från elhandelspriset.
Bitome, Essono Paul Yannick. "Identification, écologie et utilisation des diptères hématophages (glossine, stomoxe et tabanide) comme moyen d'échantillonnage non-invasif de la faune sauvage dans quatre parcs du Gabon." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS048/document.
Full textThe contact between human and wild fauna has considerably increased during these last decades due to the increase of human population size but also to conservation policies. As a consequence, the number of zoonotic diseases soared with a mean of six new infectious diseases per year, 75% of whom being vectorially transmitted. The way to avoid the human contamination by these emergent diseases is based on the efficient vector control resulting from a deep knowledge of the ecology and the feeding behavior of the different vector species. During our work, we have identified and characterized the ecology of 6 tsetse species (Glossina palpalis palpalis, G. fuscipes fuscipes, G. fusca congolense, G. pallicera newsteadi, G. caliginea and G. tabaniformis) that live in forests and 6 stomoxe species (Stomoxys calcitrans, S. inornatus, S. niger niger, S. niger bilineatus, S. omega omega and S. transvittatus) that live in and around (anthropized places) conservation areas. We have also identified 6 tabanid species (Ancala sp., Atylotus sp., Chrysops sp., Haematopota sp., Tabanus par and T. taeniola). The feeding ecology of the tsetse species have been studied through the determination of host extracted from blood meals in the insect caught with molecular techniques. These hematophagous insects had a diversified diet that was constituted of diverse mammal species but also reptiles and birds. The food intake results mostly from wild fauna (86%) and more rarely from humans (14%). However, in anthropised habitats (villages and research’s camps within the parks), the blood intakes from human origin were important, in particular in the villages (100%), suggesting that without wild fauna the flies shift on human host. In the last part of our work, we tried to identify pathogens in the blood samples extracted from the tsetse species in order to test whether these species could be used as living sampling syringe of the wild fauna. This new proposed non-invasive sampling techniques allowed to detect the DNA of various infectious agents (plasmodiums and trypanosomes), but failed to detect the RNA of viruses (arbovirus) suggesting that this approach could be useful but need to be improved
Bergeron, Myriam. "Utilisation du nitrate, de l'acide silicique et du phosphate pour l'estimation de la production primaire nette et la contribution des diatomées dans l'Arctique canadien (1997-2011)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29900/29900.pdf.
Full textSuleman, Taghreed. "Analysis of the water consumption of the Scientific Campus : to step for the construction of a pilot of a Smart Water system." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10076/document.
Full textThis work is a part of a large project for the implementation of a smart water system in the Scientific Campus, which is equivalent to a small city with about 25 000 inhabitants. The smart water technology includes (i) the implementation of a real-time monitoring and control of the water distribution system and (ii) the development of an expert system based on the experience developed by the water industry as well as basic and applied researches for the optimal management of complex systems. One of the major issues in this system concerns the water demand management. This work concerned this issue. It included a literature survey and analysis of the water consumption in the Scientific Campus. The work includes three parts. The first part presents a literature analysis of researches ion the water demand, leakage localization and water smart grid. Case studies are presented for the illustration of the implementation of the latest technology and innovations in real projects. The second part concerns the presentation of the site of the Scientific Campus, which is used in this research work. This site presents several advantages for the analysis of the water demand. The buildings have varied usages: students’ residence, restaurant, sport, administration, research, teaching and teaching/research. The site is also equipped by an automatic metering reading (AMR). The consumption data is available for the main buildings at different time scales. The last part presents analysis of the water consumption of the main sectors of the Scientific Campus, which cover different buildings uses: research, teaching, administration, residence and catering. Analysis is conducted at different times scales: monthly, weekly, daily and hourly. It results in establishing consumption profile of the main buildings, which will then be integrated in the smart water system of the Campus
Moutier, William. "Utilisation de la cytométrie en flux pour une meilleure connaissance de la diffusion individuelle des particules : Application au phytoplancton." Thesis, Littoral, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DUNK0439/document.
Full textThe objective was to use the flow cytometer (Cytosense, CityBuoy B.V., NL) to understand the influence of structural and morphological parameters of phytoplankton cells on the backscattering. We have analyzed the optical properties of the cells over different growth phases. A microcosm experiment was performed on two species (Thalassiosira pseudonana and Chlamydomonas Concordia) during 20 days. The forward and sideward efficiencies of Thalassiosira pseudonana were, respectively, 2.2 and 1.6 times higher than the efficiencies Chlamydomonas Concordia. The inter- and intra-species variations were explained by theoretical simulations and in situ measurements (biogeochemical and observations from scanning electron microscope). In situ measurements were used to obtain informations about the cell structure (e.g. thickness of the frustule). The forward efficiency was impacted by the aggregation and the cell size. The real refractive index of the chloroplast is a key parameter that could explain variations of the sideward efficiency. In the future, we recommend to use a two-layered sphere model (cytoplasm-chloroplast) to simulate the optical properties of phytoplankton cells. An analysis of the relationship between the particulate organic carbon concentration (POC) and the backscattering coefficient was performed. Strong linear relationships were observed only during the exponential phase. A reconstruction of the backscattering coefficient permitted to highlight that the POC was from phytoplankton cells origin for a species and bacterial origin for the other one
Persson, Urban. "Realise the Potential! : Cost Effective and Energy Efficient District Heating in European Urban Areas." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Energiteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-17281.
Full textProbst, Jeanne. "Les crues rapides en terres de grandes cultures (nord-ouest du bassin parisien)." Thesis, Normandie, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NORMC008.
Full textIn the north west of the Paris basin (Eure, Seine-Maritime, Somme, Oise, Aisne, Nord, Pas-de-Calais), some regions, such as the Pays de Caux, are frequently affected by sudden flows with increasing material and financial consequences, which opens right to “natural disaster” classification. In this area of farmed lands, other activities are unevenly distributed and different places are not concerned in the same way. Various studies have gradually enabled to have knowledge about those sudden flows which are a complex phenomenon because various causes must be considered : triggering, predisposing and aggravating factors, modifiable or not. The occurrence of those disasters depends on geography (rainfall, morphology, soil nature) and human occupation (land use and agricultural practices, growing urbanisation and artificialisation). The aim of this study is to know flows, their causes and evolution over a recent period of thirty years (1983 – 2012), in relation to precedent studies and to make a synthesis about the question. The official list of “natural disasters”, restricted to rapid flows, is the entry. Those disasters are studied in two specific seasons : from April to September and from October to March. Different data bases are used in order to compare the evolution and the repartition of flows with some of the following factors : rainfalls, land practices and occupation and urban sprawl. Risks are gradually better known and laws take them into account (hazard facing defence, reduction of vulnerability) with different measures regarding insurance, land practices, urbanisation, risk prevention
Goranova, D. "The impact of public funding on Olympic performance and mass participation in Great Britain." Thesis, Coventry University, 2014. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/04ee3427-db50-45a2-944a-891c7e837842/1.
Full textBonato, Simon. "Étude de la variabilité spatiale et temporelle des communautés phytoplanctoniques en Manche Orientale - Utilisation de la cytométrie en flux de scanning." Thesis, Littoral, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DUNK0379/document.
Full textPhytoplankton micro-organisms play a key role in marine ecosystems as main primary producers, being responsible for most of carbon uptake, but also due to their fast division rates which allow them to effectively react to environmental changes and which make them potentially good bio-indicators. Most previous studies have based their observations on low frequency sampling, only considering one fraction of phytoplankton communities, resulting in a significant loss of information on the dynamics of phytoplankton abundance and diversity. This thesis was carried out in the frame of the European cross-border DYMAPHY project, which main objective was to improve the understanding and the evaluation of the quality of marine waters in the English Channel and the North Sea, through the study of the whole phytoplankton compartment and related environmental parameters. A high frequency and/or high resolution approach, through the use of semi-automated flow cytometry, allowed us to reduce this loss of information and to better characterize the phytoplankton spatial and temporal variability in coastal water of the eastern English Channel.Three approaches were applied, leading to the ollowing results : (i) A high frequency study, performing one analysis every 10 minutes, which revealed a strong phytoplankton variability at the regional scale, with community assemblages that were not governed by hydrology ; (ii) A seasonal monitoring of the whole phytoplankton size-spectrum, which revealed the seasonal successions and the main factors governing them : nutrient concentrations and the daily light level which structured the transition of most phytoplankton groups ; (iii) A three-year follow-up at a coastal station, which made it possible to relate the traits-based characterization of each functional phytoplankton group to the environmental conditions, in order to better understand phytoplankton community assembly in response to environmental variability. The results have revealed a functional differentiation mainly due to the use of resources and the growth strategies, both of them driven by a resource gradient. This study confirms the importance of the "mass ration hypothesis", which predicts that the dominant life traits of the most abundant species, would be the main driver of the key ecosystem processes
Nadaud, Franck. "Hétérogénéité spatiale d'un service de réseau, équité et efficacité collective : la distribution rurale d'électricité et la maîtrise de la demande." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00334731.
Full textNotre question de départ porte donc sur la rationalité de l'élargissement de la démarche de l'optimisation sectorielle sous contrainte d'équité à la rationalisation des usages de l'électricité dans l'espace hétérogène de la fourniture d'électricité en zones rurales. La dérive des besoins de renforcement de réseaux ruraux a conduit ainsi à partir de 1995 le régulateur à encourager les collectivités qui sont les propriétaires et investisseurs en réseaux ruraux à rechercher des alternatives moins coûteuses du côté de la demande pour deux raisons économiques. D'abord les réseaux basse tension ruraux sont généralement très longs et comptent peu de clients desservis, par conséquent, l'optimisation des usages chez les clients peut s'avérer beaucoup moins coûteuse que le simple renforcement du réseau. Ensuite cette optimisation permet de rétablir l'équité de la qualité de fourniture entre les clients par le biais de la baisse des besoins d'investissement mais aussi par la réduction du temps d'attente pour les plus défavorisés, autrement dit, les clients situés sur les réseaux les plus coûteux à renforcer.
Cette question conduit à analyser d'abord historiquement les institutions de l'électrification rurale dans le contexte évolutif de consolidation de l'industrie électrique en régime de monopole public pour repérer les structures d'intérêts inhérentes à cette organisation qui conduisent à une inefficience sociale à la fois en termes d'efficacité économique et en termes d'équité. Ce qui mène à un double questionnement :
- comment compléter les institutions de l'électrification rurale pour modifier les incitations des propriétaires de réseaux ruraux à investir au-delà du compteur chez l'usager ?
- comment, dans une situation de forte hétérogénéité spatiale des fonctions locales d'offre et de demande d'électricité dans l'espace rural, repérer les points de réseaux en sous-optimalité économique ?
Dans un chapitre liminaire nous définirons précisément l'objet de la thèse à partir du repérage des difficultés d'application de l'innovation réglementaire que constitue la MDE dans la distribution d'électricité en zones rurales. Ce repérage s'effectue par l'analyse de l'organisation de la distribution rurale et de la place du régime d'électrification dont on peut déduire les intérêts des agents économique et des acteurs politiques qui constituent les barrières à cette innovation réglementaire.
Dans la première partie on caractérise dans le premier chapitre la trajectoire institutionnelle de l'électrification rurale à partir du projet initial de solidarité nationale sous l'effet de la dynamique des consommations rurales puis de la diffusion des usages thermiques de l'électricité sur les réseaux ruraux induit par des stratégies de développement commercial totalement extérieures au dispositif de solidarité nationale. L'introduction de la MDE s'inscrit dans une mouvement de correction et d'adaptation de ce régime.
Dans la seconde partie d'analyse économique normative, le constat précédent conduit à identifier les défauts d'incitation à la MDE qui sont sous-jacents aux institutions de l'électrification rurale et à la structuration de ses acteurs pour repérer comment contourner cet obstacle. Ce constat conduit aussi à imaginer une méthode de calcul économique permettant de prendre en compte les paramètres d'hétérogénéité spatiale de la demande et des coûts de réseau en développement pour répondre à l'évolution de la fonction de demande spatialisée.
Au premier niveau d'analyse, on procède dans le quatrième chapitre à une analyse microéconomique du comportement des différents types d'acteurs de l'électrification rurale en partant de leur fonction : régulateur, propriétaire-investisseur ou exploitant, du type de choix qui relève de leurs fonctions et de leurs contraintes pour analyser la structure d'incitations à l'investissement en réseau et à la MDE. On insiste plus particulièrement sur la nature d'acteur politique de l'agent investisseur que sont les collectivités locales, nature qui éloigne du comportement de l'agent économique rationnel. On examine en particulier la relation d'asymétrie d'information entre propriétaires-investisseurs et le régulateur qui répartit les aides à l'investissement. Cette asymétrie porte sur les coûts ex-ante et ex-post des projets. Dans la relation principal-agent, la structure informationnelle est compliquée dans le cas réel par l'imperfection même de l'information que détiennent les agents sur leurs projets. Ces défauts de la structure informationnelle expliquent la dérive du régime d'électrification rurale et les défauts d'allocation des ressources.
A ce même niveau d'analyse, on propose dans le cinquième chapitre des correctifs afin d'améliorer l'allocation des ressources du régime d'électrification rurale. On identifie des règles visant à inciter à la MDE les propriétaires investisseurs en recherche récurrente de subventions. Nous utilisons une méthode de calcul du surplus social des actions de MDE et d'identification de sa répartition en termes d'avantages-coûts entre les différents agents parties prenantes : les consommateurs, les propriétaires investisseurs et l'exploitant vendeur d'électricité (ici EDF). L'idée est de sortir du seul mode d'évaluation en cours qui ne regarde que l'avantage net pour les collectivités qui investissent alors que les autres agents bénéficient des actions de MDE. Ceci conduit à définir un mode de réallocation d'une partie des externalités positives des actions de MDE sur l'agent investisseur. On teste ainsi le principe de versements incitatifs à la MDE sous la forme de dotations supplémentaires sous réserve de certification des gains en investissement dégagés par les collectivités.
Au second niveau d'analyse normative, dans le sixième chapitre, on se confronte à l'obstacle de l'hétérogénéité des actions de MDE dans le but d'éviter le coût administratif très élevé d'une multitude d'actions dispersées spatialement pour définir une méthode d'évaluation des potentiels de MDE par repérage des configurations les plus intéressantes. Le fondement de cette approche propose de dépasser le caractère aspatial de l'analyse économique (Ponsard, 1986, 1988) par le biais d'une articulation entre deux catégories d'hétérogénéités spatiales : d'une part celle du réseau électrique (Juricic, 1975) et d'autre part celle des déterminants de la demande. Nous supposons que les lieux sont porteurs de sens sur le plan économique, au travers des caractéristiques du réseau et de la demande, ce qui nous conduit à construire un zonage géographique comme moyen de faire apparaître simultanément les attributs économiques pertinents associés aux lieux (Beguin et Thisse, 1979).
L'objectif de cette méthode est de permettre de concevoir des projets de MDE d'ampleur significative à l'échelle d'un département. Il s'agit donc d'une méthodologie de recherche des potentiels économiques de MDE qui repose sur une approche d'analyse statistique spatialisée dont le but est de produire un zonage de l'espace pertinent sur le plan des projets de MDE. Le zonage est ensuite mobilisé pour proposer des paniers d'actions et sélectionner des zones d'intervention de MDE dont le montant des économies d'investissement en renforcement de réseaux est calculé.
Jarrige, Pierre-Antoine. "Commande optimale de reseaux de chauffage geothermique." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0053.
Full textLeroy, Céline. "Rôle de l'architecture dans l'interception lumineuse des couronnes de "Tectona grandis" et "Acacia mangium" : utilisation pour la simulation des bilans radiatifs dans les systèmes agroforestiers." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012166.
Full textRahman, Dede Aulia. "New insights into ecology and conservation status of Bawean deer (Axis kuhlii) and red muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) in Indonesian tropical rainforest." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30136.
Full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the ecology of two medium-sized tropical deer, the Bawean deer Axis kuhlii and the red muntjac Muntiacus muntjac in Bawean Island Nature Reserve and Wildlife Sanctuary and Ujung Kulon National Park respectively, and to update their conservation status. We used for the first time a new monitoring technique, camera trapping, together with classical ecological field methods for estimating population size, investigating habitat use, predicting range, and identifying activity pattern. Results show that camera traps were initially expensive but they lightened the field work and provided much information for further analyses. Moreover, camera trapping provided a higher number of records and accurate species identification than other methods. For estimating population size we used a random encounter model (REM), a technique accurate for estimating density of elusive, rare and unmarked species contrary to photographic capture-recapture techniques which require both unique mark and good photographs for individual recognition, and compared the results with those obtained by faecal pellet group count. Both methods provided similar population density estimates, higher in the dry than in the wet season, and a population size of ca. 227-416 deer. The range of Bawean deer established dramatically narrower than previously reported, faecal pellet group count bringing additional data to camera trapping. Both deer species were mainly recorded in secondary forests; Analysis with Maximum entropy model (Maxent) showed that anthropogenic (for both species) and climatic (for red muntjac only) variables were the main predictors of habitat use. Finally, using time data recorded by camera traps, we investigated the activity pattern related to sex and environmental conditions. The believed nocturnal Bawean deer was predominantly photographed during the day, and its nocturnal activity was linked to luminosity. Red muntjac also showed some diurnal activity with higher peaks after sunrise and before sunset, and a nocturnal activity which was not influenced by luminosity. No difference was observed between males and females for both species. Whereas red muntjac is listed "Least concern" by IUCN even if local conservation measures should be undertaken in our study area, Bawean deer should remain "Critically endangered" as the population is still small and the main threats, habitat loss due to illegal logging and human disturbance by dogs and hunters, are ongoing
Gicquel, Inès. "Relations entre le système de consommation et les comportements en magasin : une approche par la valeur : application au vêtement." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704521.
Full textLi, Zhichao. "Modélisation des relations entre occupation - usage du sol et distribution spatiale du paludisme par télédétection optique et radar : application à un environnement en évolution : région transfrontalière Guyane Française – Brésil." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT144/document.
Full textMalaria remains one of the most common vector-borne diseases what is predominantly located in the tropics. The study area is the cross-border area between French Guiana and Brazil where the level and intra-annuel dynamic of malaria transmission are variable, with the incidence rates which are relatively high in South America. The environmental risk factors, in particular, land use and land cover, significantly influence the presence, density and spatial distribution of disease vectors, Anopheles mosquitoes. Environmental information, population data and health systems database are rarely comparable on both sides of the Guyana-Brazil border which exclude the homogeneous and bilateral vision. Remote sensing permits to spatially characterize the environment on both sides of the border in an almost continuous and complete manner. The objective of this study is to characterize the favorable environment for the development of vectors and the vector-human interaction in the cross-border area between French Guiana and Brazil using remote sensing. A spatial landscape-based hazard index of malaria transmission was developed at the local scale. Such index allows spatializing the contribution of interaction between forest and non-forest areas on malaria transmission which was then implemented in the entire Amazon region. It quantifies and explains the influence of landscape on the interaction between human population and adult vectors. The identification of potential breeding sites of vectors was tested on a regional scale using the optical and SAR fusion for highlighting the spatial distribution of perennial and large wetlands (lakes, rivers, ponds etc.) and the interfaces with urban and forest environments. The distribution of vectors’ density is affected by physical and chemical properties of potential breeding sites which are related to soil typology. A conceptual model of soil evolution adapted to the Amazon region presents that geomorphological characteristics (altitude, curvature, etc.) are indicators of soil evolution. A soil classification was realized at the regional scale using altimetry data and the conceptual model. The methods, land use and land cover and malaria hazard maps established in this thesis will be integrated in the Observatory Sentinel of cross-border which is being built. This study also contributes to the exploitation of new knowledge about malaria transmission mechanism which can be used to define novel prevention strategies at the local and regional scales
Landès, Matthieu. "Utilisation des corrélations du bruit en sismologie : tomographie passive et étude de distributions de sources de bruit." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GLOB0012.
Full textRecent studies show the possibility to extract the Green’s function between two locations by correlating a random wavefield recorded by receivers located at these points. Applied to seismology, the feasibility of this approach is illustrated by the study of ambient seismic noise correlations during long periods that results in reconstructing the “surface wave” part of Green’s functions. This provides us with a new way of passive imaging of the Earth structure by measuring and inverting velocities of seismic waves propagating between pairs of stations of a seismic network. However, applicability of this approach result is closely related to the properties of seismic noise that may be different in different regions. The research that I present consists of four separate studies. The first study aims to apply the technique of passive tomography in an oceanic environment to infer the structure of the lower crust and upper mantle below Iceland. The second study is based on observations of noise correlations containing signals that are not parts of the Green’s function but results from ballistic teleseismic body waves generated by distant oceanic storms. By applying a network analysis to these signals, we can locate their sources distribution and to determine unambiguously that they are preferentially generated in deep oceans. The third study examines the feasibility of using the seismic noise correlation at the seafloor to infer to the shear velocity distribution of the top 30 m. Finally, in addition to this seismic noise problem, I will present a final original study that shows the use of dispersion curves and Time-Frequency diagram to estimate the speed of earthquake rupture Koxokili of November 2001
Revenu, Marine. "Ressources et utilisations de la pierre dans le Bassin parisien à l'époque romaine." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100043/document.
Full textThe stone, omnipresent in Roman Gaul, has paradoxically been little studied. When considered, researches have most of the time been limited to the architectural and ornamental functions of the stone. A socio-economic analysis of its implementation is generally lacking. During the course of this doctoral research, set within a limited time-frame, two oft-disregarded themes of study have been privileged: the resources and distribution of productions. This study will not tackle the extraction, the quarries’ functional organisation or the transformation of raw materials but will focus on three elements of the production chain: the use, the distribution and the trading of the stone in the Paris Basin in the Roman period. One has chosen to centre one’s attention on the Construction Stone exclusively, not considering the already well-studied ornamental rocks. This approach has been based on the principle of the complementary features of archaeology and geology. This study shows that monuments were built with stones from the Paris Basin. The use of these stones was judicious, carefully thought-out and was at the level of their capacity. This selection reveals the existence of specific markets. The traffic of stones highlights privileged distribution areas. It testifies to the presence of an extensive supply network for the conveyance of distant rocks and to the existence of a well-developed and well-organised commerce of the Construction Stone across numerous cities in the Lyonnaise, Belgium and Britannia during the High Empire
Theophilo, Folhes Ricardo. "O Lago Grande do Curuai : história fundiária, usos da terra e relações de poder numa área de transição várzea-terra firme na Amazônia." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA125/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to understand the role of the social and environmental order influenced the peopling, land appropriation and the seasonal use of natural resources between floodplains (várzea) and firm land (terra firme) ecosystems in the Brazilian Amazon. I follow an historical and ethnographical approach to examine how social practices and the local power relations influenced the interrelated dynamic between social life and water movements (floods and droughts). The study area is Lago Grande, located in the city of Santarem, Pará State bordering the towns of Óbidos and Juruti. The main question is to investigate if power relations among social groups established and inherited during the colonial living in Lago Grande region are still operating in current times, and how this situation affects the control of transhumance between várzea and terra firme ecosystems. I conclude that the Amazon floodplains are still controlled by local elites, represented by land and livestock owners. The local elite established their socio-political power during colonial times, dominating an increasing process of entering from várzea to terra firme areas (i.e. deforestation). Since 1950, the main economical activity responsible for the expansion of land use from várzea to terra firme was cattle raising through transhumance between both ecosystems. Transumance has received a specific attention in this study, for it is among the main factors encouraging the circulation of local population between várzea and terra firme environments. From 1970’s, large farmers started the transhumance which was later followed by smaller farmers, and intensified through the 1990’s. Cattle ranching builds on three local practices which promote transhumance: “societies”, “permissions” and land rentals (arrendamentos). A joint analysis allowed me to demonstrate that “societies” between large and small farmers sustain the cattle ranching growth. This activity is lucrative and bestows prestige and opportunities to access the floodplains more regularly. In 2005, an Agro-extractivist Settlement was created (PAE Lago Grande) to favor land distribution and better economical opportunities among local populations. Though, the territorial unit included terra firme but not the areas of the várzea ecosystem, vital for the local economy part of the year. Additionally, the PAE also did not alter the land tenure, keeping the same historically constructed power structures it aimed to deconstruct
O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi compreender como fatores de ordem social e ambientalinfluenciaram o povoamento, a apropriação e o uso conjugado dos recursos naturais em umaregião de transição entre os ecossistemas de várzea e de terra firme na Amazônia brasileira.Adotei uma abordagem histórica e etnográfica para examinar como relações de poder e práticassociais mediaram a articulação da vida social ao regime de cheias e vazantes. A área eleita paraa realização da pesquisa foi a região do Lago Grande, localizada no município de Santarém-PA, na confluência com os municípios de Óbidos e Juruti. Questionei se seria possível, naatualidade, enxergar nas relações entre os segmentos sociais que coabitam a região do LagoGrande continuidades e rupturas com as relações de poder herdadas do período colonial e comotais relações poderiam estar intervindo na circulação humana entre os dois ecossistemas.Conclui-se que as várzeas ainda são controladas por segmentos das elites locais, formadas porproprietários de terras e gado. Estes fundaram seu poder no período colonial e lentamentecomandaram o processo de ampliação dos sistemas de uso da terra para os interiores da terrafirme. Desde 1950, a principal atividade econômica a impulsionar esta expansão tem sido apecuária, por meio da prática da transumância. Entre os diversos fatores que sustentam acirculação sazonal entre a várzea e a terra firme pela população local, a transumância recebeuatenção especial da pesquisa. Iniciada pelos grandes fazendeiros, a transumância se popularizouentre os diversos perfis de criadores a partir das décadas de 1970 e foi intensificada na décadade 1990. Três instituições comandam a atividade pecuária e logo sustentam a transumância: as“sociedades”, as permissões e os arrendamentos. Analisados em conjunto estes institutospermitiram que a pesquisa chegasse à conclusão de que as “sociedades” entre grandes epequenos criadores sustentam o crescimento da pecuária, atividade que muito mais do que umasimples poupança é sinônimo de prestígio e oportunidade de acesso regular a várzea. A criaçãode um projeto de assentamento agroextrativista em 2005, o PAE Lago Grande, anexou apenasa faixa de terra firme da região do Lago Grande, deixando as várzeas de fora. O PAE não anexouas várzeas e não alterou a estrutura fundiária em terra firme. Desta forma, pouco alterou asrelações de poder historicamente construídas. Por fim, considera-se que a circulação realizadaentre as populações regionais entre os dois ecossistemas, de maneira geral, e a transumância,em particular, não vem sendo levada em consideração nas políticas de ordenamento territorialna Amazônia
Bodin, Jeanne. "Observed changes in mountain vegetation of the Alps during the XXth century - Role of climate and land-use changes." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00592144.
Full textCorhodzic, Selver. "A New Approach to Assessment and Utilisation of Distribution Power Transformers." Thesis, 2006. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/475/.
Full textCorhodzic, Selver. "A New Approach to Assessment and Utilisation of Distribution Power Transformers." 2006. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/475/1/Corhodzic.pdf.
Full textWardhaugh, Carl William. "Microhabitat utilisation and the spatial distribution of rainforest canopy invertebrate communities." Thesis, 2011. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/32002/1/32002_Wardhaugh_2011_thesis.pdf.
Full textPonelis, Shana Rachel. "Data marts as management information delivery mechanisms utilisation in manufacturing organisations with third party distribution /." 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08062003-153122.
Full textFrydman, S. "Analytical techniques for the interpretation of satellite derived marine animal locations." Thesis, 2011. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/12442/1/Thesis_Sascha_Frydman.pdf.
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