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Academic literature on the topic 'Utilisation des terres et stocks de carbone'
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Journal articles on the topic "Utilisation des terres et stocks de carbone"
Jadán, Oswaldo, Miguel Cifuentes, Bolier Torres, Daniela Selesi, Dario Veintimilla, and Sven Günter. "INFLUENCE OF TREE COVER ON DIVERSITY, CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF COCOA SYSTEMS IN THE ECUADORIAN AMAZON." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 325, no. 325 (July 17, 2015): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2015.325.a31271.
Full textRazakamanarivo, Ramarson Herintsitohaina, Marie-Antoinette Razafindrakoto, and Alain Albrecht. "Fonction puits de carbone des taillis d'eucalyptus à Madagascar." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 305, no. 305 (September 1, 2010): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2010.305.a20438.
Full textJonas, KOALA, KAGAMBEGA O. Raymond, and SANOU Lassina. "Distribution des stocks de carbone du sol et de la biomasse racinaire dans un parc agroforestier à Prosopis africana (Guill., et Rich.) Taub au Burkina Faso, Afrique de l’Ouest." Journal of Applied Biosciences 160 (April 30, 2021): 16482–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.160.5.
Full textGond, Valery, Emilien Dubiez, Marine Boulogne, Morgan Gigaud, Adrien Péroches, Alexandre Pennec, Nicolas Fauvet, and Régis Peltier. "DYNAMICS OF FOREST COVER AND CARBON STOCK CHANGE IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: CASE OF WOOD-FUEL SUPPLY BASIN FOR KINSHASA." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 327, no. 327 (December 19, 2015): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2016.327.a31293.
Full textHessa, Célestin Cokou, Yaya Idrissou, Alassan Seidou Assani, Hilaire Sorébou Sanni Worogo, Brice Gérard Comlan Assogba, and Ibrahim Alkoiret Traore. "Quantification des stocks de carbone dans des systèmes agro-sylvopastoraux et sylvopastoraux de deux zones agroécologiques du Bénin." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 17, no. 6 (January 18, 2024): 2225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v17i6.8.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Utilisation des terres et stocks de carbone"
Kanari, Eva. "Understand and use the estimation of soil organic carbon persistence by Rock-Eval® thermal analysis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS037.
Full textSoils store twice the amount of carbon that is found in atmosphere and vegetation combined. They act as a buffer between solid earth and atmosphere and exercise a major control on the atmospheric concentration of CO2 through the release or sink of greenhouse gases. Organic carbon in soils in the form of organic matter is essential to soil health and fertility, to nutrient availability and water quality. The performance of the most valuable tool at our disposal for understanding and predicting the evolution of this reservoir, soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics models, is currently limited by a missing key: the ability to estimate the proportion of SOC that will remain unchanged over projection-relevant timescales. This important amount of carbon present in soils for centuries or millennia, and therefore considered “stable”, can vary greatly from one location to another. The goal of my thesis was to explore a new approach based on thermal analysis and machine learning, to characterise SOC, estimate the proportion of “stable” carbon in soil samples, and use this information to improve the accuracy of SOC dynamics models. In a second step, I focused on the thermal analysis technique in the heart of this approach to understand better the important information it offers, based on model laboratory experiments. Finally, the main results of my thesis consist of a complete and validated operational approach improving the accuracy of SOC models with a clear and significant value for “climate-smart” soil management, while the experimental part offers new insights into the working principle, limitations and possibilities of the thermal analysis technique at the heart of this approach
Fujisaki, Kenji. "Devenir des stocks de carbone organique des sols après déforestation et mise en culture : une analyse diachronique en contexte amazonien." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0036/document.
Full textSoil organic carbon is a key component of soil quality, and represents a large part of the terrestrial carbon stock, sensitive to human perturbations including land-use change. In Amazonia, deforestation induces greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions due to vegetation burning, but SOC stocks also change, which can induce GHG emissions. We show that these changes are misunderstood at the biome scale, because of the chronosequence approach that induces uncertainties, and because of the lack of management data of the agrosystems established after deforestation. We studied here an agronomic trial with a diachronic approach in French Guiana, deforested with a fire-free method that returned large amount of forest organic matter. Three agrosystems were set up: a grassland and two annual crop systems (maize/soybean) with and without soil tillage. We aimed to measure the fate of forest carbon and of SOC in the agrosystems. SOC stocks fluctuations were assessed up to 5 years after deforestation in the layer 0-30 cm, and a comparison forest-agroecosystems in the layer 0-100 cm was done at 5 years. Decomposition of woody debris buried in the soil after deforestation was assessed by mass loss approach and Rock-Eval pyrolysis. SOC distribution in granulometric fractions was measured 4 years after deforestation. δ13C methods were used in the grassland soil to distinguish the carbon derived from forest or grassland. We found that carbon inputs from deforestation increased SOC stocks, but only at short-term because woody debris decomposition was fast and did not induce a mid-term SOC storage. Five years after deforestation SOC stocks in grassland are similar to the forest, thanks to carbon inputs from root activity. In the annual crops SOC stocks decrease of about 18 %, and no difference is found according to the soil tillage. The decay of forest soil carbon, which affected the whole granulometric fractions of SOC, is thus offset in grassland but not in annual crops. RothC model could be validated in our study, but slightly overestimated SOC stocks in annual crops. Replaced in the Amazonian context, our results showed that the SOC decrease here was lower than other studies across humid tropics. This can probably be explained by the optimal management of the agrosystems, and the short time lapse studied
Grinand, Clovis. "Suivi et modélisation des changements d’usage des terres et stocks de carbone dans les sols et les arbres dans le cadre de la REDD+ à Madagascar. : vers des mesures pertinentes localement et cohérentes à large échelle." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSAM0030.
Full textLand use change due to agriculture and forestry, generates a significant loss of biodiversity and is an important part of our greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions causing climate change. The Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, conservation, sustainable management and restoration of carbon stocks (REDD+) mechanism initiated ten years ago is struggling to establish because of many political and scientific constraints. Despite the existence of guidelines developed by the international scientific community, tools and data necessary to provide accurate, cost and usable at different scales. The objective of this thesis is to develop innovative methods to reduce uncertainties in the estimates of CO2 emissions and sequestrations from deforestation, degradation and land regeneration. Madagascar, a country committed in REDD+ for eight years and subjected to significant losses of biodiversity and forest cover, is taken as an example. Three complementary studies were carried out: i) monitoring of deforestation in tropical humid and dry regions, ii) estimates of carbon stocks in soils and forests and iii) land use change model. We have developed a new methodology for monitoring deforestation in Madagascar considering the national definition of forests and accounted for small plots of slash and burn practices. The figures of deforestation vary from one region to another, and have been updated to 2013. An innovative methodology for soil organic carbon stock mapping at fine resolution and regional scale has been developed by coupling many environmental factors and a field inventory using a machine learning model. This spatial carbon model was applied on satellite images acquired twenty year ago to assess the degradation of soil carbon stocks and potential regeneration. Loss and gain factors due to various land use change were estimated. Finally, the land use change framework developed allowed us to understand the biophysical and socio-economic factors related to deforestation, land degradation and regeneration, and provide spatially scenarios to assist policy makers. The results obtained in this thesis and the methodologies developed allow to feed the discussions and documents relating to the REDD + strategy in Madagascar. It contributes and is aimed at a better management of agro-ecosystems by providing accurate spatial information, locally relevant and globally consistent
Noirot-Cosson, Paul-Emile. "Optimisation de l'insertion des Produits Résiduaires Organiques dans les systèmes de cultures d'un territoire francilien : évolution des stocks de carbone organique et substitution des engrais minéraux." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AGPT0011/document.
Full textThe use of Exogenous Organic Matter (EOM) in agriculture could be an efficient way to substitute mineral fertilisation and increase soil organic matter (SOM) enhancing soil fertility and storing carbon (C). It could also cause nitrogen (N) pollutions such as nitrate leaching and gas emissions. Better understanding of C and N fate after EOM applications on cropped soils would allow improving these benefits while limiting environmental impacts. This thesis aims at: (i) predicting EOM impacts when applied on cropped soils, (ii) studying the effects of various scenarios of EOM applications in terms of C storage, synthetic N saving and N pollutions in the context of the Plain of Versailles region (221 km²) and taking into account soil diversity, crop successions and soil organic C contents, (ii) studying the potential for improving these benefits at the regional scale with an optimal distribution of EOM. The CERES-EGC crop model was used to simulate the effects of repeated applications of EOM over 13 years on both soil C and N dynamics in the soil-crop-water-air system of the long-term field experiment QualiAgro located within the region. The sub-model NCSOIL was parameterised from C and N mineralisation kinetics of EOM measured in laboratory conditions. When transposing the parameters into the CERES-EGC model, C storage at the field scale was well simulated, together with crop N uptake and yields, as well as soil mineral N contents. The kinetics of C and N mineralisation of the 18 EOM available in the region were used along with EOM biochemical fractionations for parameterising the NCSOIL model. The soil type did not significantly change EOM parameters. Four groups of EOM were distinguished based on their C and N dynamics: (i) stable composts, (2) more reactive and less mature composts and stable manures, (3) manures with reactive OM corresponding to horse manures and (4) very reactive EOM as sludges, litters that should be used as fertilisers. Numerous scenarios of EOM applications, constrained on the phosphorus and N quantities they bring (and limiting the input in trace elements), were simulated for 20 years in all regional contexts of soil, crop successions and soil organic C contents. The soil type was the main factor controlling C storage and N leaching while it was crop successions for N saving. Some composts allowed C storage up to 1.1 t C ha-1 yr -1 reaching 63% of C applied. N saving of 74 kg N ha-1 yr -1 were possible with a dried sewage sludge and a compost. N substitution could reach more than 90% of N applied with EOM, these high percentages being related with the indirect effect of EOM on soil OM and the hypothesis made for N substitution An optimisation model was developed to select EOM application scenario for each crop plot (soil x crop succession x initial soil OC content x area) accounting for EOM availability in the region with the objectives of maximising C storage or synthetic N saving or minimising N leaching at the regional scale. Applying preferentially the most stable EOM on soils with the highest potential for C storage i.e. with the highest calcareous and clay contents, up to 0.47 t C ha-1 yr-1 could be stored. Applying preferentially fertilising EOM on crop succession with maize and amending EOM on succession with rapeseed, up to 53 kg N ha-1 yr -1 could be saved