Journal articles: 'Utecom (Computer)'

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Hammond, Judy. "Perspectives: UTech." Interactions 8, no. 2 (March 2001): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/361897.361939.

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Mandelbrot, L., F. Daffos, F. Forestier, J. MacAleese, and D. Descombey. "Assessment of Fetal Blood Volume for Computer-Assisted Management of in utero Transfusion." Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 3, no. 1-2 (1988): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000263335.

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Saini, Arunima, Meenakshi Gothwal, Pratibha Singh, and Garima Yadav. "Utero-ovarian ligament fibroid-an unusual location of extrauterine fibroids." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 5187. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20205277.

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Utero-ovarian ligament fibroids are among the rarest sites for extrauterine leiomyomas. Broad ligament fibroids are relatively common. They can be either asymptomatic or present with chronic pelvic pain and pressure symptoms. They can be confused with an ovarian mass, broad ligament cyst or a pedunculated fibroid. There are high chances of missing it clinically. Ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography scan are the imaging techniques used to diagnose such conditions, MRI being the most accurate in ruling out other broad ligament masses with suspected ovarian, tubal or isolated broad ligament cyst. Here is a rare case report of a pedunculated extrauterine leiomyoma with its origin in the utero-ovarian ligament.

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Bech, Laura Fuglsang, Christoffer Polcwiartek, Kristian Kragholm, Mikkel Porsborg Andersen, Christopher Rohde, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Jimmi Nielsen, and Søren Hagstrøm. "In utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs is associated with learning disabilities among offspring." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 89, no. 12 (August 3, 2018): 1324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-318386.

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ObjectivesIn utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs has previously been associated with adverse outcome among offspring, but evidence on longer term milestone development remains limited. We investigated the association between in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs and learning disabilities in the first year of compulsory education among offspring and assessed which antiepileptic drugs carried the highest risk.MethodsThis population-based case–cohort study used Danish nationwide register data from 2005 to 2008. Cases were offspring exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero, and controls were unexposed offspring of mothers previously redeeming antiepileptic drug prescriptions. Offspring were followed from birth until the first year of compulsory education from 2011 to 2015. Learning disabilities were defined as mental retardation, specific developmental disorders, autism spectrum disorders, emotional/behavioural disorders or having special educational needs. Logistic regression was used to compute ORs with 95% CIs adjusted for potential confounding.ResultsOf 117 475 incident singleton births, 636 cases and 434 controls were included (median age: 6.1 years, males: 55.7%). Learning disabilities were identified among 7.1% cases compared with 3.7% for controls. During any trimester, the adjusted OR of the association between in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs and learning disabilities was 2.20 (95% CI 1.16 to 4.17). Among cases not exposed to polytherapy (n=556), in utero exposure to lamotrigine compared with another antiepileptic drug was associated with the lowest adjusted risk (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.92), and valproate carried a higher risk (OR 4.67, 95% CI 1.73 to 12.59).ConclusionIn utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs was significantly associated with learning disabilities among offspring. Lamotrigine should preferentially be considered over, for example, valproate if clinically feasible.

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Tiulienieva, O. A., I. S. Davydenko, A. V. Hoian, and V. O. Tiulienieva. "Histochemical Evaluation of the Processes of Protein Oxidative Modification in the Extravillous Cytotrophoblast of the Utero-Placental Bed during Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.01.046.

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Utero-placental bed is the cumulation of gestationally altered endometrium at the place of ovum attachment to the uterine wall. The key mechanism of this process is the cytotrophoblastic invasion. During iron deficiency anemia, an increase in the specific volume of the extravascular invasive trophoblast is taking place. Concern for the protein oxidative modification in iron deficiency anemia is due to the fact that in conditions of hypoxia, free radical processes in the blood and tissues are enhanced, and iron deficiency is additionally able to modify this problem. The purpose of the study was to establish the histochemical features of the processes of protein oxidative modification in the fractions of extravillous cytotrophoblast of the utero-placental bed depending on the degree of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women. Material and methods. Quantitative characteristics of protein oxidative modification in the extravillous trophoblast of the utero-placental bed of pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia by means of the histochemical method using reactions with Bromophenol Blue on “acidic” and “basic” proteins according to Mikel Calvo method and computer microdensitometry. We studied 74 biopsies of the utero-placental bed of pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia of I, II and III degrees. The term of gestation was 37-40 weeks. Results and discussion. During physiological pregnancy, the ratio between "acidic" and "basic" proteins in trophoblast cells, even normally, is characterized by a predominance of "acidic" proteins, and evenly in both intravascular and extravascular fractions of cytotrophoblast. Intensification of processes of protein oxidative modification in the cytotrophoblast of the utero-placental bed during iron deficiency anemia of I-II degrees can be assessed as moderate, with an increase in the cells of the endothelium-replacing fraction of cytotrophoblast compared with the interstitial. In conditions of anemia of III degree, a significant predominance of "acidic" proteins in the intravascular cytotrophoblast was noted. Conclusion. During the physiological pregnancy, the intensity of protein oxidative modification was equal in all fractions of the extravillous cytotrophoblast in the utero-placental bed. In the case of gestation with iron deficiency anemia, significant intensification of the protein oxidative modification in the extravillous cytotrophoblast correlated with the severity of anemia. Background iron deficiency anemia significantly affected the processes of protein oxidative modification in the endothelium-replacing cytotrophoblast

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Degiacomo, Jessica, and Sherry Luedtke. "Neonatal Toxicity From Escitalopram Use In Utero: A Case Report." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 21, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-21.6.522.

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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) exposure during pregnancy can result in symptoms of serotonin syndrome or serotonin withdrawal. In contrast to other SSRIs, reports of serotonin behavioral syndrome following in utero exposure to escitalopram and citalopram are limited. We describe a case of suspected toxicity following in utero exposure to 20 mg escitalopram throughout pregnancy. The infant was transferred to our neonatal intensive unit at 9 hours of life for further evaluation of lethargy, weak cry, bradycardia, and non-reactive pupils. Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy was suspected upon presentation, despite APGAR scores of 8 and 9. Upon admission, symptoms progressed to signs of hypertonia, irritability, high-pitched cry, and posturing. The patient was loaded with phenobarbital for empiric management of suspected seizures versus drug withdrawal. Both electroencephalogram and computed tomography scan results were normal; however, an electrocardiogram revealed a prolonged QTc interval of 531 milliseconds. Signs of irritability and QTc prolongation continued through day of life (DOL) 5. The infant was discharged on DOL 10 with no further symptoms. We hypothesize that this represented a case of serotonin toxicity due to in utero exposure to escitalopram and recommend close monitoring for neonatal behavioral syndrome symptoms and QTc prolongation in infants exposed to escitalopram during pregnancy.

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Tiulienieva, O. A. "Histochemical Study of the Processes of Protein Oxidative Modification and Limited Proteolysis in the Endothelium of Myometrial Vessels in the Projection of the Utero-Placental Bed during Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 4 (September 18, 2021): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.04.058.

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Utero-placental bed is the cumulation of gestationally altered endometrium at the place of ovum attachment to the uterine wall. As far as the protein oxidative modification and limited proteolysis in iron deficiency anemia are due to the fact that in conditions of hypoxia, free radical processes in the blood and tissues are enhanced, and iron deficiency is additionally able to cause hemodynamic disorders because of endothelial dysfunction in the vessels of the utero-placental area. The purpose of the study was to establish histochemical features of protein oxidative modification and limited proteolysis in the endotheliocytes of myometrial vessels in the projection of the utero-placental area depending on the degree of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women. Materials and methods. By histochemical methods of Mikel Calvo, using reactions with bromophenol blue on "acidic" and "basic" proteins, and the method of A. Yasumа and T. Ichikawa, ninhydrin-Schiff reaction to free amino groups of proteins to assess the degree of limited proteolysis, in combination with computer microspectrophotometry and microdensitometry, quantitative characteristics of oxidative modification of proteins and limited proteolysis in endotheliocytes of myometrial segments of the utero-placental vessels in iron deficiency anemia of pregnant women were established. 74 biopsies of the observed uterine-placental area in physiological pregnancy and gestation based on iron deficiency anemia of I, II and III degrees of severity were investigated. Results and discussion. In physiological pregnancy, the intensity of oxidative modification of proteins and limited proteolysis is the lowest in endotheliocytes of myometrial segments of the spiral arteries and the highest one is in the endothelium of the vessels of the microcirculatory tract of the utero-placental area. In gestations based on iron deficiency anemia, intensification of proteins oxidative modification and limited proteolysis in the endothelium of all types of myometrial vessels of the projection of the utero-placental bed correlates with the severity of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia greatly affects the modification of proteins in the endothelial cells mostly of myometrial segments of spiral arteries of the placental bed. Conclusion. Intensification of protein oxidative modification and limited proteolysis in endotheliocytes of all type vessels of myometrium of the uterine-placental area formed by iron deficiency can be considered as a significant factor of endothelial dysfunction and a predictor of hemodynamic disorders of the placental bed

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Mazzarella, Francesca, Daniele Brunelli, Mirto Foletto, Franco Bassetto, and Vincenzo Vindigni. "Ovarian Leiomyosarcoma as Incidentaloma during Postbariatric Abdominoplasty Surgical Procedure." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 12, no. 1 (January 2024): e5536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000005536.

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Summary: This case report addresses the discovery, surgical management, histology, and postoperative outcomes of an incidentaloma during the preoperative evaluation of a 58-year-old woman planning to undergo abdominoplasty and hernia correction after bariatric surgery. The patient’s computed tomography scan revealed a large pelvic mass in addition to an enlarged uterus and an umbilical hernia. Subsequent surgical intervention included umbilical hernia repair, subtotal omental excision, and en-bloc removal of the uterine and ovarian structures. Histological analysis confirmed the mass as a high-grade utero-ovarian leiomyosarcoma. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and demonstrated a positive response in follow-up imaging at 6 months, with reduced mass size and no significant lymphadenopathy. Both aesthetic and morpho-functional outcomes were satisfactory. The report highlights the challenges of diagnosing and treating incidentalomas, emphasizing the need for individualized management. It discusses the rarity of primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma and the surgical approach used. The case ultimately emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary clinical evaluations in ensuring comprehensive care for patients with unexpected radiological findings, such as utero-ovarian leiomyosarcoma.

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Khan, Shadab, Lana Vasung, Bahram Marami, Caitlin K. Rollins, Onur Afacan, Cynthia M. Ortinau, Edward Yang, Simon K. Warfield, and Ali Gholipour. "Fetal brain growth portrayed by a spatiotemporal diffusion tensor MRI atlas computed from in utero images." NeuroImage 185 (January 2019): 593–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.030.

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Heim, Christian, Philipp P. Müller, Michael Weyand, and Frank Harig. "Acute Type A Dissection during Pregnancy with Marfan's Syndrome." Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon Reports 10, no. 01 (January 2021): e18-e21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722705.

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Abstract Background Marfan's syndrome (MFS) is a connective tissue disorder, caused by a mutation in the FBN-1 gene and affecting multiple organ systems including the vascular system. During pregnancy, women with MFS have an increased risk of aortic dissection due to changes in the cardiovascular system. Case Description We present a 39-year-old woman that suffered from an acute aortic dissection in week 33 of her third pregnancy who urgently required lifesaving surgery. Three-dimensional reconstruction of computed tomography scan was performed with unborn child in utero. Conclusion Monitoring of patients with suspected or confirmed MFS appears essential and interdisciplinary treatment and prevention strategies are required.

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Levine, S. Z., I. Levav, Y. Goldberg, I. Pugachova, Y. Becher, and R. Yoffe. "Exposure to genocide and the risk of schizophrenia: a population-based study." Psychological Medicine 46, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 855–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291715002354.

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BackgroundNo evidence exists on the association between genocide and the incidence of schizophrenia. This study aims to identify critical periods of exposure to genocide on the risk of schizophrenia.MethodThis population-based study comprised of all subjects born in European nations where the Holocaust occurred from 1928 to 1945, who immigrated to Israel by 1965 and were indexed in the Population Register (N = 113 932). Subjects were followed for schizophrenia disorder in the National Psychiatric Case Registry from 1950 to 2014. The population was disaggregated to compare groups that immigrated before (indirect exposure: n = 8886, 7.8%) or after (direct exposure: n = 105 046, 92.2%) the Nazi or fascist era of persecutions began. The latter group was further disaggregated to examine likely initial prenatal or postnatal genocide exposures. Cox regression modelling was computed to compare the risk of schizophrenia between the groups, adjusting for confounders.ResultsThe likely direct group was at a statistically (p < 0.05) greater risk of schizophrenia (hazard ratio = 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.06–1.51) than the indirect group. Also, the likely combined in utero and postnatal, and late postnatal (over age 2 years) exposure subgroups were statistically at greater risk of schizophrenia than the indirect group (p < 0.05). The likely in utero only and early postnatal (up to age 2 years) exposure subgroups compared with the indirect exposure group did not significantly differ. These results were replicated across three sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsThis study showed that genocide exposure elevated the risk of schizophrenia, and identified in utero and postnatal (combined) and late postnatal (age over 2 years) exposures as critical periods of risk.

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Mohd Aras, Mohd Shahrieel, Marizan Sulaiman, Md Hairul Nizam Talib, Alias Khamis, Mohd Arif Mohd Nor, and Mohd Khairi Mohd Zambri. "UTeM Renewable Energy Showcase (URE)." International Review on Computers and Software (IRECOS) 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/irecos.v17i2.22436.

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Grey, Callie A., Ajinkya Desai, Michael J. Nowicki, and Natalie Bhesania. "Agenesis of the Dorsal Pancreas: Case Report and Review of Age-Related Differences in Presentation." JPGN Reports 4, no. 3 (July 17, 2023): e337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pg9.0000000000000337.

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Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas (ADP) is a rare congenital anomaly that occurs when the body and tail of the pancreas fail to develop from the dorsal bud in utero. ADP may be discovered when evaluating conditions arising from the anomaly, such as diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, and pancreatic insufficiency, but is more commonly found as an incidental finding. To date, fewer than 120 cases have been reported in the literature. We report a 6-year-old male who was found to have ADP on computed tomography during the investigation of abdominal pain and vomiting. We review the variable presentation, genetic mutations, and age-related differences between children and adults with this rare condition.

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Deguchi, Mari, Shunichiro Tsuji, Daisuke Katsura, Kyoko Kasahara, Fuminori Kimura, and Takashi Murakami. "Current Overview of Osteogenesis Imperfecta." Medicina 57, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57050464.

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Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), or brittle bone disease, is a heterogeneous disorder characterised by bone fragility, multiple fractures, bone deformity, and short stature. OI is a heterogeneous disorder primarily caused by mutations in the genes involved in the production of type 1 collagen. Severe OI is perinatally lethal, while mild OI can sometimes not be recognised until adulthood. Severe or lethal OI can usually be diagnosed using antenatal ultrasound and confirmed by various imaging modalities and genetic testing. The combination of imaging parameters obtained by ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resource imaging (MRI) can not only detect OI accurately but also predict lethality before birth. Moreover, genetic testing, either noninvasive or invasive, can further confirm the diagnosis prenatally. Early and precise diagnoses provide parents with more time to decide on reproductive options. The currently available postnatal treatments for OI are not curative, and individuals with severe OI suffer multiple fractures and bone deformities throughout their lives. In utero mesenchymal stem cell transplantation has been drawing attention as a promising therapy for severe OI, and a clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of cell therapy is currently ongoing. In the future, early diagnosis followed by in utero stem cell transplantation should be adopted as a new therapeutic option for severe OI.

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Mareckova, Klara, Radek Marecek, Lenka Andryskova, Milan Brazdil, and Yuliya S. Nikolova. "Maternal Depressive Symptoms During Pregnancy and Brain Age in Young Adult Offspring: Findings from a Prenatal Birth Cohort." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 7 (February 28, 2020): 3991–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa014.

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Abstract Maternal depression during pregnancy is associated with elevated risk of anxiety and depression in offspring, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we conducted a neuroimaging follow-up of a prenatal birth cohort from the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (n = 131; 53% women, age 23–24) to test whether deviations from age-normative structural brain development in young adulthood may partially underlie this link. Structural brain age was calculated based on previously published neuroanatomical age prediction models using cortical thickness maps from healthy controls aged 6–89. Brain age gap was computed as the difference between chronological and structural brain age. Participants also completed self-report measures of anxiety and mood dysregulation. Further, mothers of a subset of participants (n = 103, 54% women) answered a self-report questionnaire in 1990–1992 about depressive symptoms during pregnancy. Higher exposure to maternal depressive symptoms in utero showed a linear relationship with elevated brain age gap, which showed a quadratic relationship with anxiety and mood dysregulation in the young adult offspring. Our findings suggest that exposure to maternal depressive symptoms in utero may be associated with accelerated brain maturation and that deviations from age-normative structural brain development in either direction predict more anxiety and dysregulated mood in young adulthood.

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Rosenthal, Ken S., and Jordan B. Baker. "The immune system through the ages." AIMS Allergy and Immunology 6, no. 3 (2022): 170–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/allergy.2022013.

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<abstract> <p>The components of the immune system develop in utero and like a computer, some components are immediately functional (the innate components) but other components must learn the programs and details necessary to function (antigen adaptive components). Like other systems, including military and municipal, the innate and antigen specific components develop into an immune system that helps maintain and surveil the other body processes and systems for aberrations, provide surveillance and protection of the mucoepithelial borders and protection from microbial invasion. Inability, excesses, or errors in these processes cause disease. Aging of the immune system brings immunosenescence, inflammaging, more errors, and decreased surveillance which increases risk for new infections (e.g. COVID-19, influenza), recurrence of latent infections, cancer and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. With greater understanding of the surveillance, effector and regulatory deficits upon aging, better therapies can be developed.</p> </abstract>

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Auyeung, K. M., S. Laughlin, and K. G. terBrugge. "Prenatal Diagnosis of Unusual Fetal Pial Arteriovenous Malformation." Interventional Neuroradiology 9, no. 2 (June 2003): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/159101990300900205.

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Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (CAVMs) are rarely diagnosed in utero. Most prenatal imaging of intracranial vascular malformations relates to Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAMs) or Dural Arteriovenous Malformations (D-AVMs). We report a case of a fetal pial AVF with multiple fistulae and venous pouches, which appeared as an anechoic lesion on the prenatal ultrasound scan. The patient was asymptomatic with normal postnatal growth. No haemodynmaic disturbance was evident. Postnatal Computed tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and catheter Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) confirmed the presence of a pial AVF. The angiographic findings and family history of nose bleeds suggests the diagnosis of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. The largest AVF was embolized with tissue adhesive; the residual AVF subsequently removed by surgical excision.

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CAL VANO, CHRISTOPHER J., MICHAEL E. MORAN, LESLIE D. TACKETT, PRAMOD P. REDDY, KAREN E. BOYLE, and MICHAIL M. PANKRATOV. "New Visualization Techniques for in Utero Surgery: Amnioscopy with a Three-Dimensional Head-Mounted Display and a Computer-Controlled Endoscope." Journal of Endourology 12, no. 5 (October 1998): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/end.1998.12.407.

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Kaar, J. L., J. T. Brinton, T. Crume, R. F. Hamman, D. H. Glueck, and D. Dabelea. "Leptin levels at birth and infant growth: the EPOCH study." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 5, no. 3 (March 26, 2014): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s204017441400021x.

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Objective: To examine the association of cord blood leptin with body mass index (BMI) growth velocity from birth to 12 months of age among infants exposed and not exposed to over-nutrition in utero (defined as maternal overweight/obesity or presence of gestational diabetes). Methods: 185 infants enrolled in the Exploring Perinatal Outcomes among Children study (76 exposed and 109 not exposed) had leptin and insulin measured in cord blood. Longitudinal weight and length measures in the first 12 months of life (average 4 per participant) obtained from medical records were used to compute BMI growth rates. Mixed models were used to examine associations of cord blood leptin with growth. Results: Compared with unexposed infants, those exposed had significantly higher cord blood insulin (8.64 v. 6.97 uU/ml, P<0.01) and leptin levels (8.89 v. 5.92 ng/ml, P=0.05) as well as increased birth weights (3438.04 v. 3306.89 g, P=0.04). There was an inverse relationship between cord leptin levels and BMI growth from birth to 12 months of age (P=0.005); however, exposure to over-nutrition in utero did not significantly modify this association (P=0.59). Conclusion: We provide support of a possible operational feedback mechanism by which lower cord blood leptin levels are associated with faster infant growth in the first year of life. Our data do not tend to support the hypothesis that this mechanism is altered in infants exposed to over-nutrition in utero; however our sample is too small to provide sufficient evidence. Larger epidemiological studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for increased propensity for obesity in exposed offspring.

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Zhu, Mengni, and Liping Liu. "Fetal Heart Rate Extraction Based on Wavelet Transform to Prevent Fetal Distress In Utero." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (September 29, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7608785.

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In order to improve the effective extraction of fetal heart rate and prevent fetal distress in utero, a study of fetal heart rate feature extraction based on wavelet transform to prevent fetal distress in utero was proposed. This paper adopts a fetal heart rate detection method based on the maximum value of the binary wavelet transform modulus. The method is simulated by the Doppler fetal heart signal obtained from the clinic. Compared with the original curve, the transformed curve can roughly see the change rule of the original signal and identify the peak point of the signal, but due to the large disturbance of the peak point, the influence on the computer processing is also great. The periodicity of the transformed signal is greatly enhanced, making it easier to deal with the computation. A total of 300 pregnant women with full-term fetal heart monitoring from January 2018 to January 2020 were selected as the research subjects and divided into the observation group and the control group. The observation group consisted of 100 patients with abnormal fetal heart monitoring, and the control group consisted of 200 patients with normal fetal heart monitoring. The uterine contractions and fetal heart rate were recorded, and the incidence of fetal distress, cesarean section, neonatal asphyxia, and amniotic fluid and fecal contamination were observed. The incidence of fetal distress, cesarean section, neonatal asphyxia, and amniotic fluid fecal stain in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Fetal heart monitoring can accurately judge the situation of the fetus in pregnant women and timely diagnose the abnormal fetal heart rate, which has a better effect on the prognosis of perinatal infants and can reduce their mortality. It can effectively solve the problems existing in the autocorrelation algorithm and extract the fetal heart rate more accurately. It is an effective improved scheme of fetal heart rate extraction. It is very helpful in preventing fetal distress in utero.

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Chung, Woosuk, and Chaeseong Lim. "Intraoperative management for ex-utero intrapartum treatment: focusing on the fetus." Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 16, no. 4 (October 30, 2021): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17085/apm.21097.

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Ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) is a method of securing the airway of a fetus while maintaining umbilical circulation for newborns who are experiencing life-threatening airway obstruction. Cesarean section is completed only after ensuring the neonate’s safety. However, managing the airway of a neonate while maintaining umbilical circulation is a major challenge for anesthesiologists. Anesthesiologists must understand the physiology of both the mother and fetus, and extensive discussions with obstetricians, pediatricians, otolaryngologists, and nursing staff prior to the procedure are essential. This review provides an overview of the EXIT and details of airway management for neonates.

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Fleuren, Mike, Johan L. van Leeuwen, and Bart J. A. Pollux. "Superfetation reduces the negative effects of pregnancy on the fast-start escape performance in live-bearing fish." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1916 (November 27, 2019): 20192245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2245.

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Superfetation, the ability to simultaneously carry multiple litters of different developmental stages in utero , is a reproductive strategy that evolved repeatedly in viviparous animal lineages. The evolution of superfetation is hypothesized to reduce the reproductive burden and, consequently, improve the locomotor performance of the female during pregnancy. Here, we apply new computer-vision-based techniques to study changes in body shape and three-dimensional fast-start escape performance during pregnancy in three live-bearing fishes (family Poeciliidae) that exhibit different levels of superfetation. We found that superfetation correlates with a reduced abdominal distension and a more slender female body shape just before parturition. We further found that body slenderness positively correlates with maximal speeds, curvature amplitude and curvature rate, implying that superfetation improves the fast-start escape performance. Collectively, our study suggests that superfetation may have evolved in performance-demanding (e.g. high flow or high predation) environments to reduce the locomotor cost of pregnancy.

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Reis, Joaquim L., Jorge Correia-Pinto, Mariana P. Monteiro, Madalena Costa, and Grover M. Hutchins. "Vascular and apoptotic changes in the placode of myelomeningocele mice during the final stages of in utero development." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 2, no. 2 (August 2008): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/ped/2008/2/8/150.

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Object Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a primary neurulation defect that is associated with devastating neurological disabilities in affected newborns. To better characterize the in utero neurodegenerative process of MMC, the authors investigated the changes in vascular organization, apoptosis, and the presence of inflammatory cells during gestation by using a mutant mouse model of MMC. Methods The curly tail/loop tail (ct/lp) mutant mouse model of MMC was chosen to obtain fetuses at different stages of gestation. Mouse fetuses harboring MMC were harvested by caesarean section at embryonic Days 14.5, 16.5, and 18.5 (complete mouse gestation at 19 days, 6 mice/group); littermate fetuses with the same gestational age but without an MMC were used as controls. Samples of the MMC placode or normal spinal cord were stained for immunocytochemical labeling with caveolin antibody (endothelium marker) and activated caspase-3 antibody (apoptosis marker). Samples were morphometrically analyzed with a computer-assisted image analyzer. Results The MMC mice presented with an increase in vascular density from embryonic Days 16.5–18.5 and an enhanced number of apoptotic cells at embryonic Day 18.5, compared with controls. There were scarce signals of an inflammatory reaction in the MMC placode, as a few infiltrating neutrophils were seen only at embryonic Day 18.5. Conclusions Fetal placodes in MMC mice showed evidence of increased vascular density since embryonic Day 16.5 and increased apoptosis at embryonic Day 18.5. These new data support the view that in utero changes of the MMC placode, occurring during the last stages of gestation, contribute to the neuropathological manifestations in full-term newborns with MMC.

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Ma, Zhikun, Amanda B. Parris, Erin W. Howard, Meghan Davis, Xia Cao, Courtney Woods, and Xiaohe Yang. "In Utero Exposure to Bisphenol a Promotes Mammary Tumor Risk in MMTV-Erbb2 Transgenic Mice Through the Induction of ER-erbB2 Crosstalk." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 9 (April 28, 2020): 3095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093095.

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most common environmental endocrine disrupting chemical. Studies suggest a link between perinatal BPA exposure and increased breast cancer risk, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of in utero BPA exposure on mammary tumorigenesis in MMTV-erbB2 transgenic mice. Pregnant mice were subcutaneously injected with BPA (0, 50, 500 ng/kg and 250 µg/kg BW) daily between gestational days 11–19. Female offspring were examined for mammary tumorigenesis, puberty onset, mammary morphogenesis, and signaling in ER and erbB2 pathways. In utero exposure to low dose BPA (500 ng/kg) induced mammary tumorigenesis, earlier puberty onset, increased terminal end buds, and prolonged estrus phase, which was accompanied by proliferative mammary morphogenesis. CD24/49f-based FACS analysis showed that in utero exposure to 500 ng/kg BPA induced expansion of luminal and basal/myoepithelial cell subpopulations at PND 35. Molecular analysis of mammary tissues at PND 70 showed that in utero exposure to low doses of BPA induced upregulation of ERα, p-ERα, cyclin D1, and c-myc, concurrent activation of erbB2, EGFR, erbB-3, Erk1/2, and Akt, and upregulation of growth factors/ligands. Our results demonstrate that in utero exposure to low dose BPA promotes mammary tumorigenesis in MMTV-erbB2 mice through induction of ER-erbB2 crosstalk and mammary epithelial reprogramming, which advance our understanding of the mechanism associated with in utero exposure to BPA-induced breast cancer risk. The studies also support using MMTV-erbB2 mouse model for relevant studies.

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Zhang, Xinyuan, Gang Wang, Michele Forman, Qingjiang Fu, Connie Rogers, Shouling Wu, and Xiang Gao. "In Utero and Childhood Exposure to the Great Chinese Famine and Cancer in Midlife." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab053_101.

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Abstract Objectives This study compared the risk of cancer morbidity and mortality in midlife between Chinese adults who were exposed or were not exposed to the Great Chinese Famine (1959–1961) in utero or during early childhood. Methods The Kailuan Study Participants (n = 101,125) were classified into 5 famine exposure groups by category of the year of birth: after 1961 (unexposed, reference), 1959–1961 (in utero exposed), 1956–1958 (childhood exposed, aged 0.1–2.9 y), 1953–1955 (childhood exposed, aged 3.0–5.9 y), and before 1953 (exposed, aged 6 + y). The exposed groups were further classified by the severity of famine into less-severe or severe groups. Cancer and cancer mortality cases were confirmed by reviewing medical records from hospitals. Cox proportional hazard models were computed to examine the association between famine exposure and composite cancer events of incident cancer and cancer mortality (2006–2016), adjusting for sex, socioeconomic status, cancer-related lifestyle factors, blood C-reactive protein, and lipid profiles. Results During a median of 10.0 years of follow-up, we identified 3,589 incident cancer cases and 1,940 cancer deaths. After adjustment for covariates (eg, sex, socioeconomic status, and cancer-related lifestyle factors), compared to the unexposed group, the hazard ratios (HRs) of the composite cancer events ranged 2.24–2.72 for the in utero exposed and early childhood exposed groups (P < 0.001 for all). When famine severity and cancer risk were examined, stratified by the famine exposure group, severe exposure to famine in early childhood, but not other birth groups was significantly associated with a higher risk of composite cancer events (adjusted HR = 1.96 for 0.1–2.9 years and HR = 1.60 for 3.0–5.9 years; P < 0.001 for both), relative to the less-severe group. When cancer morbidity and mortality were studied separately, similar patterns were observed. Conclusions In utero and early childhood exposures to famine, especially severe famine, were associated with a higher risk of cancer morbidity and mortality later in life. Awareness should be raised regarding the long-term effects of early life nutritional status. Funding Sources This work was supported by the start-up grant from the College of Health and Human Development and the Department of Nutritional Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University.

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Miao, Haichao, Gabriel Mistelbauer, Alexey Karimov, Amir Alansary, Alice Davidson, David F. A. Lloyd, Mellisa Damodaram, et al. "Placenta Maps: In Utero Placental Health Assessment of the Human Fetus." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 23, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): 1612–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2017.2674938.

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Nuber, Maximilian, Fernando Gonzalez-Uarquin, Meik Neufurth, Marc A. Brockmann, Jan Baumgart, and Nadine Baumgart. "Development of a 3D simulator for training the mouse in utero electroporation." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): e0279004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279004.

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In utero electroporation (IUE) requires high-level training in microinjection through the mouse uterine wall into the lateral ventricle of the mouse brain. Training for IUE is currently being performed in live mice as no artificial models allow simulations yet. This study aimed to develop an anatomically realistic 3D printed simulator to train IUE in mice. To this end, we created embryo models containing lateral ventricles. We coupled them to uterus models in six steps: (1) computed tomography imaging, (2) 3D model segmentation, (3) 3D model refinement, (4) mold creation to cast the actual model, (5) 3D mold printing, and (6) mold casting the molds with a mix of soft silicones to ensure the hardness and consistency of the uterus and embryo. The results showed that the simulator assembly successfully recreated the IUE. The compression test did not differ in the mechanical properties of the real embryo or in the required load for uterus displacement. Furthermore, more than 90% of the users approved the simulator as an introduction to IUE and considered that the simulator could help reduce the number of animals for training. Despite current limitations, our 3D simulator enabled a realistic experience for initial approximations to the IUE and is a real alternative for implementing the 3Rs. We are currently working on refining the model.

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Louwagie, Erin Marie, Lindsey Carlson, Veronica Over, Lu Mao, Shuyang Fang, Andrea Westervelt, Joy Vink, Timothy Hall, Helen Feltovich, and Kristin Myers. "Longitudinal ultrasonic dimensions and parametric solid models of the gravid uterus and cervix." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): e0242118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242118.

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Tissue mechanics is central to pregnancy, during which maternal anatomic structures undergo continuous remodeling to serve a dual function to first protect the fetus in utero while it develops and then facilitate its passage out. In this study of normal pregnancy using biomechanical solid modeling, we used standard clinical ultrasound images to obtain measurements of structural dimensions of the gravid uterus and cervix throughout gestation. 2-dimensional ultrasound images were acquired from the uterus and cervix in 30 pregnant subjects in supine and standing positions at four time points during pregnancy (8-14, 14-16, 22-24, and 32-34 weeks). Offline, three observers independently measured from the images of multiple anatomic regions. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate inter-observer variance, as well as effect of gestational age, gravity, and parity on maternal geometry. A parametric solid model developed in the Solidworks computer aided design (CAD) software was used to convert ultrasonic measurements to a 3-dimensional solid computer model, from which estimates of uterine and cervical volumes were made. This parametric model was compared against previous 3-dimensional solid models derived from magnetic resonance frequency images in pregnancy. In brief, we found several anatomic measurements easily derived from standard clinical imaging are reproducible and reliable, and provide sufficient information to allow biomechanical solid modeling. This structural dataset is the first, to our knowledge, to provide key variables to enable future computational calculations of tissue stress and stretch in pregnancy, making it possible to characterize the biomechanical milieu of normal pregnancy. This vital dataset will be the foundation to understand how the uterus and cervix malfunction in pregnancy leading to adverse perinatal outcomes.

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Bothard, Helena Victorine Botokoto, Clément Havyarimana, Jean Claude Manirakiza, Nassima Hissein Abdel Aziz, G. Medkouri, S. El Khayat, N. Mtioui, M. Zamd, and M. Benghanem. "Renal Cortical Necrosis Complicating Postpartum Hemorrhage. Use of Tranexamic Acid: Solution or Problem? Case Report." SAS Journal of Medicine 10, no. 01 (January 8, 2024): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sasjm.2024.v10i01.006.

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Renal cortical necrosis associated with postpartum hemorrhage is a rare obstetric complication that can lead to end-stage renal disease. We report a case of a 37-year-old woman, admitted for preeclampsia complicated by in utero fetal death, having presented postpartum hemorrhage complicated by a retroplacental hematoma (RPH). She was treated with tranexamic acid to control bleeding. She subsequently presented a severe acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring hemodialysis with, on computed tomography (CT), the presence of bilateral renal cortical necrosis. A renal biopsy showed cortical necrosis lesions associated with glomerular and vascular thrombotic microangiopathy. There was no recovery of renal function, requiring long-term hemodialysis. Renal cortical necrosis, although rare, can occur in some cases of postpartum hemorrhage. Tranexamic acid would be involved and its use should be done with suspicion. The CT scan is an important diagnostic tool. Renal prognosis is poor.

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Enache, Alexandra, Veronica Ciocan, Camelia Oana Muresan, Talida Georgiana Cut, Dorin Novacescu, Corina Paul, Nicoleta Andreescu, Alexandra Mihailescu, Marius Raica, and Raluca Dumache. "Postmortem Documentation of SARS-CoV-2 in Utero and Postpartum Transmission, through Amniotic Fluid, Placental, and Pulmonary Tissue RT-PCR." Applied Sciences 11, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 9505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11209505.

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The physiopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, during pregnancy and in early childhood, is poorly understood. Unfavorable maternal outcomes, the risk of vertical/postpartum transmission, and severe, multisystem involvement in infants and children highlight the importance of developing a cohesive treatment and nuanced prophylaxis strategy. In this study, we evaluate autopsy reports, pathological findings, and SARS-CoV-2 genome expression in three distinct clinical scenarios: maternal death due to severe COVID-19 with in utero fetal demise (27 weeks); mother with moderate COVID-19 and in utero fetal demise (29 weeks); and 2-month-old infant death with confirmed COVID-19 caregivers. We report the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 genome in amniotic fluid and placental tissue in the context of in utero transmission of SARS-CoV-2, but also in postmortem infant pulmonary tissue samples in a case of late postpartum SARS-CoV-2 transmission with asymptomatic, rapidly progressive disease, resulting in infant death. Key pathological findings offer a descriptive portrayal of maternal, in utero, and infantile COVID-19 pathogenesis. Further investigations are necessary to fully comprehend the clinical implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, a prerequisite for adequate therapeutic management and harm reduction.

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CHE KU MOHD, CHE KU NURAINI, and Faaizah Shahbodin. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Self and Peer Assessment using PBL on Student Performance and Preference: Malaysians Experience." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 4, no. 2 (April 24, 2013): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v4i2a2.3180.

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This paper reports on the effectiveness of students performances between self and peer assessment based on students preferences. A total of 56 respondents from the second year of study at UTeM who enrolled for the Human Computer Interaction course took part in this study. Three research instruments were developed for the purpose of evaluating students performance and preferences which include a set of questionnaires, interview questions and prototype development. A t-test was conducted to analyze independent variables by self and peer assessment while students preferences and performances are dependent variables. Findings of this study revealed that students prefer peer assessment rather than self assessment. The use of courseware namely PBLAssess can increase students understanding towards the topic that has been taught. Results showed that assessment in PBL is significantly related to students performances and preferences.

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Bleeser, T., S. Devroe, N. Lucas, T. Debels, M. Van de Velde, J. Lemiere, J. Deprest, and S. Rex. "Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Prenatal Exposure to Anesthesia for Maternal Surgery: A Propensity-score Weighted Bidirectional Cohort Study." Obstetric Anesthesia Digest 43, no. 4 (November 20, 2023): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aoa.0000990284.42390.6c.

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(Anaesthesia. 2023;78:159–169) One percent or less of women undergo nonobstetric surgery during pregnancy and require anesthesia. While a recent animal study showed general anesthesia (GA) during pregnancy can increase the risk of fetal neuronal injury, it is uncertain whether the same outcomes are seen in the clinical setting. This study investigated whether exposure to GA in-utero increases the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment outcomes in children, comparing exposed and unexposed children.

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Tanaka, Katsunori, Yasuki Motozawa, Kentaro Takahashi, Tetsuo Maki, and Masahito Hitosugi. "Factors Affecting the Severity of Placental Abruption in Pregnant Vehicle Drivers: Analysis with a Novel Finite Element Model." Healthcare 10, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010027.

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We clarified factors affecting the severity of placental abruption in motor vehicle collisions by quantitively analyzing the area of placental abruption in a numerical simulation of an unrestrained pregnant vehicle driver at collision velocities of 3 and 6 m/s. For the simulation, we constructed a novel finite element model of a small 30-week pregnant woman, which was validated anthropometrically using computed tomography data and biomechanically using previous examinations of post-mortem human subjects. In the simulation, stress in the elements of the utero–placental interface was computed, and those elements exceeding a failure criterion were considered to be abrupted. It was found that a doubling of the collision velocity increased the area of placental abruption 10-fold, and the abruption area was approximately 20% for a collision velocity of 6 m/s, which is lower than the speed limit for general roads. This result implies that even low-speed vehicle collisions have negative maternal and fetal outcomes owing to placental abruption without a seatbelt restraint. Additionally, contact to the abdomen, 30 mm below the umbilicus, led to a larger placental abruption area than contact at the umbilicus level when the placenta was located at the uterus fundus. The results support that a reduction in the collision speed and seatbelt restraint at a suitable position are important to decrease the placental abruption area and therefore protect a pregnant woman and her fetus in a motor vehicle collision.

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Dickey, Richard P., and Raymond F. Gasser. "Computer analysis of the human embryo growth curve: Differences between published ultrasound findings on living embryos in utero and data on fixed specimens." Anatomical Record 237, no. 3 (November 1993): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092370313.

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Gudigar, Anjan, Raghavendra U., Jyothi Samanth, Akhila Vasudeva, Ashwal A. A. J., Krishnananda Nayak, Ru-San Tan, et al. "Role of Four-Chamber Heart Ultrasound Images in Automatic Assessment of Fetal Heart: A Systematic Understanding." Informatics 9, no. 2 (April 18, 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics9020034.

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The fetal echocardiogram is useful for monitoring and diagnosing cardiovascular diseases in the fetus in utero. Importantly, it can be used for assessing prenatal congenital heart disease, for which timely intervention can improve the unborn child’s outcomes. In this regard, artificial intelligence (AI) can be used for the automatic analysis of fetal heart ultrasound images. This study reviews nondeep and deep learning approaches for assessing the fetal heart using standard four-chamber ultrasound images. The state-of-the-art techniques in the field are described and discussed. The compendium demonstrates the capability of automatic assessment of the fetal heart using AI technology. This work can serve as a resource for research in the field.

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Ora, Manish, VivekKumar Saini, AlenElias Mammoottil, AftabHassan Nazar, Punita Pavecha, and Sanjay Gambhir. "Utero-Ovarian involvement in non-hodgkin's lymphoma on 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography: A case series and literature review." Indian Journal of Nuclear Medicine 37, no. 1 (2022): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_88_21.

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Tarr, Susan J., and Jean L. Pyfer. "Physical and Motor Development of Neonates/Infants Prenatally Exposed to Drugs in Utero: A Meta-Analysis." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 13, no. 3 (July 1996): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.13.3.269.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of prenatal drug exposure on birth weight, birth length, head circumference, Apgar scores, length of gestation, and motor development (Psychomotor Development Index, PDI) scores. A meta-analytic review was conducted on 56 studies published between 1979 and June 25, 1993. There were 294 effect sizes computed using the means and standard deviations reported in each study. The composite effect sizes calculated for the growth and motor development variables were (a) –.55, p <.01, birth weight; (b) –.74, p < .01, birth length; (c) –.79, p < .01, head circumference; (d) –.45, p < .01, 1-min Apgar score; (e) –.62, p <.01, 5-min Apgar score; (f) –.36, p < .01, length of gestation; (g) –.07, p = .55, PDI score (3 months); (h) –.35, p <.01, PDI score (6 months); (i) –.74, p < .01, PDI score (12 months); (j) –.44, p <.01, PDI score (18 months); and (k) –.23, p <.01, PDI score (24 months). The results of this investigation demonstrated that the use/abuse of illicit substances, alcohol, or both by the mother does significantly affect the physical and motor development of neonates/infants exposed in utero.

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Tossetta, Giovanni. "Special Issue “Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Placenta”." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 7 (March 22, 2024): 3594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073594.

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Kearns, R. J., M. Shaw, and S. M. Nelson. "Nonobstetric Surgery and Later Childhood Development: Optimal Anesthesia for the Mother-infant Dyad." Obstetric Anesthesia Digest 43, no. 4 (November 20, 2023): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aoa.0000990288.88411.79.

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(Anaesthesia. 2023;78:143–146) While nonobstetric surgery during pregnancy is uncommon (<1%), it can be a serious cause for concern for mother and baby. In 2016, the American Food and Drug Administration cautioned that general anesthesia (GA) use during the third trimester of pregnancy may increase the risk of impaired neurodevelopment in children of mothers exposed. A later randomized trial found no association between short-duration general anesthesia and increased risk of childhood neurodevelopment issues. Given the vulnerable nature of fetuses in utero, the topic of anesthesia use during pregnancy and its impact on children remains a topic of interest and importance.

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Abbasi, Hamid, Laura Bennet, Alistair J. Gunn, and Charles P. Unsworth. "Latent Phase Detection of Hypoxic-Ischemic Spike Transients in the EEG of Preterm Fetal Sheep Using Reverse Biorthogonal Wavelets & Fuzzy Classifier." International Journal of Neural Systems 29, no. 10 (December 2019): 1950013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065719500138.

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Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) studies in preterms lack reliable prognostic biomarkers for diagnostic tests of HI encephalopathy (HIE). Our group’s observations from in utero fetal sheep models suggest that potential biomarkers of HIE in the form of developing HI micro-scale epileptiform transients emerge along suppressed EEG/ECoG background during a latent phase of 6–7[Formula: see text]h post-insult. However, having to observe for the whole of the latent phase disqualifies any chance of clinical intervention. A precise automatic identification of these transients can help for a well-timed diagnosis of the HIE and to stop the spread of the injury before it becomes irreversible. This paper reports fusion of Reverse-Biorthogonal Wavelets with Type-1 Fuzzy classifiers, for the accurate real-time automatic identification and quantification of high-frequency HI spike transients in the latent phase, tested over seven in utero preterm sheep. Considerable high performance of 99.78 ± 0.10% was obtained from the Rbio-Wavelet Type-1 Fuzzy classifier for automatic identification of HI spikes tested over 42[Formula: see text]h of high-resolution recordings (sampling-freq:1024[Formula: see text]Hz). Data from post-insult automatic time-localization of high-frequency HI spikes reveals a promising trend in the average rate of the HI spikes, even in the animals with shorter occlusion periods, which highlights considerable higher number of transients within the first 2[Formula: see text]h post-insult.

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Saliba, S., J. C. Kirkman-Brown, and L. E. J. Thomas-Seale. "Temporal design for additive manufacturing." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 106, no. 9-10 (January 9, 2020): 3849–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-04835-3.

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AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) is expected to generate huge economic revenue by 2025; however, this will only be realised by overcoming the barriers that are preventing its increased adoption to end-use parts. Design for AM (DfAM) is recognised as a multi-faceted problem, exasperated by constraints to creativity, knowledge propagation, insufficiencies in education and a fragmented software pipeline. This study proposes a novel approach to increase the creativity in DfAM. Through comparison between DfAM and in utero human development, the unutilised potential of design through the time domain was identified. Therefore, the aim of the research is to develop a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) programme to demonstrate design through the time domain, known as Temporal DfAM (TDfAM). This was achieved through a bespoke MATLAB code which applies a linear function to a process parameter, discretised across the additive build. TDfAM was demonstrated through the variation of extrusion speed combined with the infill angle, through the axial and in-plane directions. It is widely accepted in the literature that AM processing parameters change the properties of AM materials. Thus, the application of the TDfAM approach offers the engineer increased creative scope and control, whilst inherently upskilling knowledge, in the design of AM materials.

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Meakin, Ashley S., James S. M. Cuffe, Jack R. T. Darby, Janna L. Morrison, and Vicki L. Clifton. "Let’s Talk about Placental Sex, Baby: Understanding Mechanisms That Drive Female- and Male-Specific Fetal Growth and Developmental Outcomes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 6386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126386.

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It is well understood that sex differences exist between females and males even before they are born. These sex-dependent differences may contribute to altered growth and developmental outcomes for the fetus. Based on our initial observations in the human placenta, we hypothesised that the male prioritises growth pathways in order to maximise growth through to adulthood, thereby ensuring the greatest chance of reproductive success. However, this male-specific “evolutionary advantage” likely contributes to males being less adaptable to shifts in the in-utero environment, which then places them at a greater risk for intrauterine morbidities or mortality. Comparatively, females are more adaptable to changes in the in-utero environment at the cost of growth, which may reduce their risk of poor perinatal outcomes. The mechanisms that drive these sex-specific adaptations to a change in the in-utero environment remain unclear, but an increasing body of evidence within the field of developmental biology would suggest that alterations to placental function, as well as the feto-placental hormonal milieu, is an important contributing factor. Herein, we have addressed the current knowledge regarding sex-specific intrauterine growth differences and have examined how certain pregnancy complications may alter these female- and male-specific adaptations.

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Shankar, Kartik, Meghan Ruebel, Jennifer Kemp, Jamie Westcott, Puujee Jambal, Sarah Borengasser, Brian Piccolo, et al. "Heat Stress-Associated Growth Retardation in the First 1000 Days Is Mitigated by Preconception Nutritional Supplementation." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab060_006.

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Abstract Objectives Understanding the interactions between nutrition and climate-driven health outcomes is increasingly necessary. Employing data from the Women First trial conducted in Thatta, Pakistan, we examined the interactions between maternal nutritional deficits and heat stress (HS) on birth outcomes. Methods Women of child-bearing age either consumed a small quantity lipid-based nutrition supplement (sqLNS) prior to conception (Arm 1), from 12 wk of gestation until delivery (Arm 2); or were not supplemented with sqLNS (Arm 3). At the Pakistan site, samples sizes with birth outcomes obtained within 48 h of delivery for Arms 1, 2 and 3 were 157,150 and 138, respectively. Daily maximal air temperatures were used to were compute the average daily maximal temperatures (Tmax) for each infant over four 90-day windows representing each trimester of gestation and 3 mo preconception. The number of days in each period when the Tmax was > 39°C was computed to assess ‘heat stress days’. Results Linear regression models assessing the associations between heat exposure and outcome variables (gestational age adjusted Z-scores of birth length (LGAZ), birth weight (WGAZ) and head circumference (HCGAZ) revealed a striking negative association of both ambient temperature and HS days in the first trimester on birth length (LGAZ) and head circumference (HCGAZ) (p < 0.005). For each 5°C increase in the Tmax in the first trimester, LGAZ decreased by 0.15 z-scores and HCGAZ decreased by 0.11 z-scores. Heat exposure (Tmax) in the second trimester also associated with HCGAZ (p = 0.02 and z-score of −0.11 for every 5°C) but not with birth length or birth weight. RNA-sequencing of placenta indicated a robust association of 1st trimester HS with genes involved in protein targeting to ER, protein biosynthesis, and cytoplasmic translation. Finally, while non-intervention groups (Arms 2 and 3) showed a robust negative association of excessive HS with LGAZ (p < 0.05), preconception intervention with sqLNS (Arm 1) significantly mitigated heat-associated decreases in birth length. Conclusions These findings indicate that excessive HS in the first trimester is associated with decreased linear growth in utero. Importantly, sqLNS mitigated growth restriction in newborns implicating nutritional status as a driving force in resilience to HS. Funding Sources Supported by The BMGF and NICHD.

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Sengupta, A., P. Biswas, G. Jayaraman, and S. K. Guha. "Understanding utero-placental blood flow in normal and hypertensive pregnancy through a mathematical model." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 35, no. 3 (May 1997): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02530042.

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Giambrone, Ashtin B., Omar C. Logue, Qingmei Shao, Gene L. Bidwell, and Junie P. Warrington. "Perinatal Micro-Bleeds and Neuroinflammation in E19 Rat Fetuses Exposed to Utero-Placental Ischemia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 16 (August 20, 2019): 4051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20164051.

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Offspring of preeclampsia patients have an increased risk of developing neurological deficits and cognitive impairment. While low placental perfusion, common in preeclampsia and growth restriction, has been linked to neurological deficits, a causative link is not fully established. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that placental ischemia induces neuroinflammation and micro-hemorrhages in utero. Timed-pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were weight-matched for sham surgery (abdominal incision only) or induced placental ischemia (surgical reduction of utero-placental perfusion (RUPP)); n = 5/group on gestational day 14. Fetal brains (n = 1–2/dam/endpoint) were collected at embryonic day (E19). Placental ischemia resulted in fewer live fetuses, increased fetal demise, increased hematocrit, and no difference in brain water content in exposed fetuses. Additionally, increased cerebral micro-bleeds (identified with H&E staining), pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18, eotaxin (CCL11), LIX (CXCL5), and MIP-2 (CXCL2) were observed in RUPP-exposed fetuses. Microglial density in the sub-ventricular zone decreased in RUPP-exposed fetuses, with no change in cortical thickness. Our findings support the hypothesis that exposure to placental ischemia contributes to microvascular dysfunction (increased micro-bleeds), fetal brain inflammation, and reduced microglial density in proliferative brain areas. Future studies will determine whether in utero abnormalities contribute to long-term behavioral deficits in preeclampsia offspring through impaired neurogenesis regulation.

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Cristancho, Ana G., Natalia Tulina, Amy G. Brown, Lauren Anton, Guillermo Barila, and Michal A. Elovitz. "Intrauterine Inflammation Leads to Select Sex- and Age-Specific Behavior and Molecular Differences in Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010032.

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Sex-specific differences in behavior have been observed in anxiety and learning in children exposed to prenatal inflammation; however, whether these behaviors manifest differently by age is unknown. This study assesses possible behavioral changes due to in utero inflammation as a function of age in neonatal, juvenile, and adult animals and presents potential molecular targets for observed differences. CD-1 timed pregnant dams were injected in utero with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 μg/animal) or saline at embryonic day 15. No differences in stress responses were measured by neonatal ultrasonic vocalizations between LPS- and saline-exposed groups of either sex. By contrast, prenatal inflammation caused a male-specific increase in anxiety in mature but not juvenile animals. Juvenile LPS-exposed females had decreased movement in open field testing that was not present in adult animals. We additionally observed improved memory retrieval after in utero LPS in the juvenile animals of both sexes, which in males may be related to a perseverative phenotype. However, there was an impairment of long-term memory in only adult LPS-exposed females. Finally, gene expression analyses revealed that LPS induced sex-specific changes in genes involved in hippocampal neurogenesis. In conclusion, intrauterine inflammation has age- and sex-specific effects on anxiety and learning that may correlate to sex-specific disruption of gene expression associated with neurogenesis in the hippocampus.

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Avci, Recep, Julie R. Whittington, Sarah J. Blossom, Diana Escalona-Vargas, Eric R. Siegel, Hubert T. Preissl, and Hari Eswaran. "Studying the Effect of Maternal Pregestational Diabetes on Fetal Neurodevelopment Using Magnetoencephalography." Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 51, no. 5 (March 11, 2020): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550059420909658.

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Background. Developmental origin of health and disease states that an adverse intrauterine environment can lead to different diseases in later life. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of maternal pregestational diabetes on the fetal brain activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Methods. Forty participants were included in an observational study with 9 type 1 and 19 type 2 diabetic pregnant women compared with data from 12 nondiabetic participants. Spontaneous fetal MEG signals were recorded and power spectral density was computed in 4 standard frequency bands. Group differences were investigated using analysis of covariance. Results. Our results showed that type 1 group was significantly different ( P < .05) from the reference group for 3 of the 4 brain activity frequency bands, while in type 2 group, 2 bands exhibited this trend. When dichotomized based on the maternal glycemic control, significant differences in all bands were observed between the poor-control and reference groups. Conclusion. The fetal background brain activity parameters appear to be altered in diabetic pregnancy in comparison with the reference low-risk group. The study showed that maternal pregestational diabetes could potentially influence in utero neurodevelopment.

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Katsura, Daisuke, Kaori Hayashi, Shunichiro Tsuji, Tetsuo Ono, Akiko Ishiko, Kentaro Takahashi, and Takashi Murakami. "Fetal Right Ventricular Diverticulum Detected by Prenatal Ultrasound Screening." Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6382920.

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Prenatal ultrasound screening has allowed for the detection of in utero cardiac abnormalities. Specifically, distinction is possible between ventricular diverticula and aneurysms, which is important because each condition has a different clinical outcome. We report the case of a 35-year-old, gravida 1, para 1 woman, with no significant past medical history, who underwent routine prenatal ultrasound screening at 32 weeks’ gestation. A four-chamber ultrasound of the fetal heart combined with M-mode echocardiography showed abnormal dilatation of the right ventricular chamber measuring 2.2 cm × 1.0 cm but with normal contractility. Delivery was performed at full term by cesarean section, and a right ventricular diverticulum was confirmed by postnatal cardiac computed tomography. The baby developed normally with no cardiac sequelae during followup. This case demonstrates the importance of making a correct diagnosis of ventricular diverticula by prenatal ultrasound when abnormal dilatation of the fetal ventricle is identified during routine screening. Because evaluating the wall contractility by M-mode ultrasound leads to evaluating whether it has the myocardium, we conclude that M-mode echocardiography is effective for the purpose of prenatal cardiac diagnosis and can distinguish between ventricular aneurysms and functioning ventricular diverticula.

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Ataei Nakhaei, Saeideh, Ramin Sadeghi, Sayyed Mostafa Mostafavi, Giorgio Treglia, Malihe Hassanzadeh, Maryam Esmaeilpour, Negar Sadat Taheri, and Marjaneh Farazestanian. "Sentinel Node Mapping in Ovarian Tumors: A Study Using Lymphoscintigraphy and SPECT/CT." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2024 (February 23, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/5453692.

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Purpose. Ovarian cancer in the early stage requires a complete surgical staging, including radical lymphadenectomy, implying subsequent risk of morbidity and complications. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping is a procedure that attempts to reduce radical lymphadenectomy-related complications and morbidities. Our study evaluates the feasibility of SLN mapping in patients with ovarian tumors by the use of intraoperative Technetium-99m-Phytate (Tc-99m-Phytate) and postoperative lymphoscintigraphy using tomographic (single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT)) acquisition. Materials and Methods. Thirty-two patients with ovarian mass participated in this study. Intraoperative injection of the radiopharmaceutical was performed just after laparotomy and before the removal of tumor in utero-ovarian and suspensory ligaments of the ovary just beneath the peritoneum. Subsequently, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy was performed for malignant masses, and the presence of tumor in the lymph nodes was assessed through histopathological examination. Conversely, lymphadenectomy was not performed in patients with benign lesions or borderline ovarian tumors. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed within 24 hr using tomographic acquisition (SPECT/CT) of the abdomen and pelvis. Results. Final pathological examination showed 19 patients with benign pathology, 5 with borderline tumors, and 6 with malignant ovarian tumors. SPECT/CT identified SLNs in para-aortic-only areas in 6 (20%), pelvic/para-aortic areas in 14 (47%), and pelvic-only areas in 7 (23%) cases. Notably, additional unusual SLN locations were revealed in perirenal, intergluteal, and posterior to psoas muscle regions in three patients. We were not able to calculate the false negative rate due to the absence of patients with involved lymph nodes. Conclusion. SLN mapping using intraoperative injection of radiotracers is safe and feasible. Larger studies with more malignant cases are needed to better evaluate the sensitivity of this method for lymphatic staging of ovarian malignancies.

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Chowdhury, Nazura Kabir, and Md Abu Bakkar Siddik. "A Review of the Association of Cardiovascular Diseases and Maternal & Offspring Health Risk Factors." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_034.

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Abstract Objectives Since cardiovascular disease (CVD) is considered to be one of the most expanding collections of health disorders in terms of severity and progression, the relationship of maternal and offspring health risk factors with CVD needs study. The objective of this review was to identify how developmental origin and maternal health are related to disease progression in both mothers and their offspring, apart from general risk factors such as lifestyle, eating behavior and genetic factors. Methods A computer based literature search through PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar and Google Search was carried out. The keywords for searching included maternal health, cardiovascular diseases, maternal and offspring cardiovascular health and developmental origin. Results Increasing evidence demonstrates that women with pregnancy-related complications, such as preeclampsia, preterm birth and maternal hypertension, are at risk for CVD in any phase of their life. Further, maternal malnutrition plays an influential role in the progression of CVD in the adulthood of their offspring. Also, in-utero exposure to high cholesterol or maternal hypercholesterolemia can demonstrate early lesion of atherosclerosis in children. Conclusions A clearer perception on how different domains of maternal health complications independently or synergistically lead to CVD or vice-versa, as well as their impact on offspring's wellbeing, is required. This will assist in developing new preventive techniques and therapeutic treatments for CVD. Funding Sources Texas Tech University.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Utecom (Computer)'

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