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Li, Junqi, Johannes Zillner, and Frank Balle. "In-Depth Evaluation of Ultrasonically Welded Al/Cu Joint: Plastic Deformation, Microstructural Evolution, and Correlation with Mechanical Properties." Materials 16, no. 8 (April 12, 2023): 3033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16083033.
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Ultrasonic metal welding (USMW) is widely used in assembling lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery packs due to its advantages in joining dissimilar and conductive materials in the solid state. However, the welding process and mechanisms are not yet clearly understood. In this study, dissimilar joints of aluminum alloy EN AW 1050 to copper alloy EN CW 008A were welded by USMW to simulate the tab-to-bus bar interconnects for Li-ion battery assembly. Qualitative and quantitative investigations were carried out on plastic deformation, microstructural evolution, and the correlated mechanical properties. During USMW, the plastic deformation concentrated on the Al side. The thickness of Al was reduced by more than 30%; complex dynamic recrystallization and grain growth occurred near the weld interface. The mechanical performance of the Al/Cu joint was evaluated with the tensile shear test. The failure load gradually increased until a welding duration of 400 ms, and then remained almost constant. The obtained results showed that the mechanical properties were greatly influenced by plastic deformation and microstructure evolution, which provides guidance for improving the weld quality and the process in general.
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Cheng, Xudong, Arindom Datta, Hongseok Choi, Xugang Zhang, and Xiaochun Li. "Study on Embedding and Integration of Microsensors Into Metal Structures for Manufacturing Applications." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 129, no. 2 (September 25, 2006): 416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2515456.
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Real time monitoring, diagnosis, and control of numerous manufacturing processes is of critical importance in reducing operation costs, improving product quality, and shortening response time. Current sensors used in manufacturing are normally unable to provide measurements with desired spatial and temporal resolution at critical locations in metal tooling structures that operate in hostile environments (e.g., elevated temperatures and severe strains). Microsensors are expected to offer tremendous benefits for real time sensing in manufacturing processes. Rapid tooling, a layered manufacturing process, could allow microsensors to be placed at any critical location in metal tooling structures. However, a viable approach is needed to effectively integrate microsensors into metal structures during the process. In this study, a novel batch production of metal embedded microsensor units was realized by transferring thin-film sensors from silicon wafers directly into nickel substrates through standard microfabrication and electroplating techniques. Ultrasonic metal welding (USMW) was studied to obtain optimized process parameters and then used to integrate nickel embedded thin-film thermocouple (TFTC) units into copper workpieces. The embedded TFTCs successfully survived the welding tests, validating that USMW is a viable method to integrate microsensors to metallic tool materials. Moreover, the embedded microsensors were also able to measure the transient temperature in situ at 50μm directly beneath the welding interface during welding. The transient temperatures measured by the metal embedded TFTCs provide strong evidence that the heat generation is not critical for weld formation during USMW. Metal embedded microsensors yield great potential to improve fundamental understanding of numerous manufacturing processes by providing in situ sensing data with high spatial and temporal resolution at critical locations.
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Ganesamoorthi, B., S. Kalaivanan, R. Dinesh, T. Naveen kumar, and K. Anand. "Optimization Technique using Response Surface Method for USMW process." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 189 (May 2015): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.211.
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Gester, Andreas, Guntram Wagner, Pascal Pöthig, Jean Pierre Bergmann, and Marco Fritzsche. "Analysis of the oscillation behavior during ultrasonic welding of EN AW-1070 wire strands and EN CW004A terminals." Welding in the World 66, no. 3 (November 28, 2021): 567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40194-021-01222-z.
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AbstractFor fulfilling the demand of durable yet lightweight electrical connections in transportation industries, ultrasonic metal welding (USMW) sees widespread use in these branches. As the ultrasound oscillations utilized in the welding procedure occur at a range of only a few micrometers at frequencies of 20–100 kHz for an overall duration of only 50–1500 ms, it is not possible to observe the compaction behavior with the bare eye. This paper focusses on investigating the oscillation behavior of the horn, the anvil, and the joining partners during the welding procedure by utilizing an array of synchronized laser vibrometers and performing welds with incrementing time stages. The oscillation data is correlated with temperature measurements in the welding zone as well as tensile testing results. Inter alia the formation of sidebands at the fundamental frequency as well as 2nd- and 3rd-order harmonics has been observed for the anvil, terminal, and wire front face when exceeding optimal weld time which would lead to maximum joint strength. Following the assumption of other research groups, the cause of these sidebands could be a change in relative motion of these components. As the terminal is slipping with increasing weld time, it could be assumed that the reason for the sidebands is low-frequency movement of the anvil, modulated onto the fundamental frequency, additionally indicating successful bonding of the stranded wire and the terminal. Furthermore, this slipping of the terminal on the anvil could lead to increased wear of the anvil knurls.
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Lin, Yi-Chun, Yuan-Yung Lin, Hsin-Chien Chen, Chao-Yin Kuo, Ai-Ho Liao, Ying-Liang Chou, Chia-Lien Hung, Cheng-Ping Shih, and Chih-Hung Wang. "Ultrasound Microbubbles Enhance the Efficacy of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Therapy for the Treatment of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss." Molecules 26, no. 12 (June 13, 2021): 3626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123626.
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The application of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) to the round window membrane (RWM) is an emerging treatment for inner ear diseases. RWM permeability is the key factor for efficient IGF-1 delivery. Ultrasound microbubbles (USMBs) can increase drug permeation through the RWM. In the present study, the enhancing effect of USMBs on the efficacy of IGF-1 application and the treatment effect of USMB-mediated IGF-1 delivery for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) were investigated. Forty-seven guinea pigs were assigned to three groups: the USM group, which received local application of recombinant human IGF-1 (rhIGF-1, 10 µg/µL) following application of USMBs to the RWM; the RWS group, which received IGF-1 application alone; and the saline-treated group. The perilymphatic concentration of rhIGF-1 in the USM group was 1.95- and 1.67- fold of that in the RWS group, 2 and 24 h after treatment, respectively. After 5 h of 118 dB SPL noise exposure, the USM group had the lowest threshold shift in auditory brainstem response, least loss of cochlear outer hair cells, and least reduction in the number of synaptic ribbons on postexposure day 28 among the three groups. The combination of USMB and IGF-1 led to a better therapeutic response to NIHL. Two hours after treatment, the USM group had significantly higher levels of Akt1 and Mapk3 gene expression than the other two groups. The most intense immunostaining for phosphor-AKT and phospho-ERK1/2 was detected in the cochlea in the USM group. These results suggested that USMB can be applied to enhance the efficacy of IGF-1 therapy in the treatment of inner ear diseases.
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Ding, Zhaochun, Wentao Wei, Keying Wang, and Yumeng Liu. "An Ultrasonic Motor Using a Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced/Poly-Phenylene-Sulfide-Based Vibrator with Bending/Longitudinal Modes." Micromachines 13, no. 4 (March 26, 2022): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13040517.
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In this study, a linear ultrasonic motor (USM) with carbon-fiber-reinforced/poly-phenylene-sulfide (PPS/CF) was developed and the feasibility of using PPS/CF to achieve a lightweight USM was tested. Here, anisotropic Young’s moduli of PPS/CF possibly enhance the driving force when the slider’s moving direction is orthogonal to the carbon-fibers’ filling direction. Further, PPS/CF’s low density may help avoid excessive enhancement in weight. Initially, we measured anisotropic Young’s moduli of PPS/CF, and determined the vibration modes, configuration, and dimensions of the PPS/CF vibrating body through finite element analysis. Subsequently, we fabricated a 45.7-mm-long 30-mm-diameter vibrator to form a linear motor. Finally, we evaluated the load characteristics of the PPS/CF-based motor and made comparisons with isotropic-material-based USMs. At 30.2 kHz frequency, the PPS/CF-based vibrator worked in the 2nd bending and 2nd longitudinal modes as predicted. The PPS/CF-based motor yielded the maximal thrust, no-load speed, and maximal output power of 392 mN, 1103 mm/s, and 62 mW, respectively. Moreover, the thrust force density and power density reached 20.3 N/kg and 3.2 W/kg, respectively, which were relatively high compared to those of the PPS- and aluminum-based USMs with the same vibration modes and similar structures. This preliminary study implies PPS/CF’s feasibility for achieving lightweight USMs, and provides a candidate material for designing micro/meso USMs.
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Imam Syofii, Dewi Puspita Sari, Dendy Adanta, Muhammad Amsal Ade Saputra, and Wadirin Wadirin. "Moving Mesh as Transient Approach for Pico Scale Undershot Waterwheel." CFD Letters 14, no. 8 (August 20, 2022): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.14.8.3342.
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The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is often used for undershot waterwheel (USWW) studies. The CFD method is a suitable solution for investigating physical flow phenomena on USWW so that its energy conversion process can be appropriately understood. The transient simulation is necessary to study the flow of physical phenomena. However, there is no recommendation for the transient approach for USWW. The boundary conditions for the transient approach often used for rotating case objects is a moving mesh. Therefore, this study investigates moving mesh as a USSW transient approach to predict its performance. Based on the results, the average deviation from simulation results to experimental data of torque is 22.1%, mechanical power is 5.75%, and efficiency is 5.75%. The average deviation reading of torque is 2.93 N·m (not a significant difference), mechanical power is 0.47 W, and efficiency is 1.19%. Further, the curve data simulation results to experimental data show a similar pattern, expressed by exponential for torque and polynomial for mechanical power and efficiency. Thus, a transient approach using the moving mesh feature is recommended for the USWW case; because the data pattern and reading deviation are reasonable.
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Gonçalves, Andriani Tavares Tenório, Flávia Tuane Ferreira Moraes, Guilherme Lima Marques, Josiane Palma Lima, and Renato Da Silva Lima. "Urban solid waste challenges in the BRICS countries: a systematic literature review." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 13, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2157.
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Urban Solid Waste Management (USWM) is a worldwide challenge. The problems faced are even greater due to the disproportional increase of Urban Solid Waste (USW) generation in volume, especially in a context of increased urbanization, population growth and economic globalization in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). In this context, the objective of this work is to analyze the status of MSW management in the BRICS countries, as well as to promote an exchange of experience and management strategies, pointing out possible ways to improve USWM systems that have to be adapted to each local reality. Focusing on this, a systematic literature revision was carried out through a bibliometric analysis. Results showed that the management system of these BRICS countries does not possess well-developed structures. The collection stage is quite often inefficient, the solid waste being stored in inappropriate ways and also disposed of in irregular locations. The participation of the informal sector is a trademark characteristic in USWM for BRICS countries, highlighting the need to integrate and formalize these activities for USW collection. Due to the high organic fraction, it is known that composting offers advantages as a way to promote a better use of organic waste and also as a means of reducing the amount of waste sent to sanitary landfills. Finally, with a better knowledge about solid waste generation and decentralization of the offered services, the decision makers will be able to successfully provide this essential public service.
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Büyükcivelek, A. Burak, Pinar Çobanyilmaz, and Ecem Kutlay. "Claiming Urban Form for Liveability: An Analysis of Urban Social Movements in Istanbul." Built Environment 48, no. 3 (October 1, 2022): 445–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.3.445.
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All dimensions of liveability, from economic to social, are directly related to urban space and its production process. However, the production of urban space, with its forms and functions, is always situated in the con flicting domain of (spatial) political economy. Conventional space production processes that favour dominant classes and produce space regarding exchange value are frequently contested with the social reaction of dominated classes defending use values and liveability. In this vein, Urban Social Movements (USMs) seem one of the key instruments for the social production of urban space with be er liveability conditions. From this perspective, the study aims to investigate USMs' space transforming capacity by focusing on the case of Istanbul. A five-step spatial analysis is conducted, assuming that USMs are closely related to the characteristics of urban development projects. In these steps (i) the location of the urban development projects and USMs; (ii) existing land use in the project areas; (iii) scale of the projects, (iv) organization level of USMs; and (v) relationships of four USM-related projects within the urban fabric are analysed. Findings of the study reveal that centrality plays a vital role in both development projects and related USMs and aff ects the programme, scale, and organization level. Considering liveability conditions, faced with aggressive capitalist behaviour supported by local and central state apparatus, USMs can realize their space transforming potential only by protecting existing programmes and urban fabric.
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Lan, Tao, Ji Ping Hao, and Hai Jun Xu. "Loading Analysis of Edge Members in SPSW with Opening." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 1384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1384.
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Taking a group of SPSW with openings with or without edge members as example, this paper states the importance of edge members in view of initial stiffness, ultimate bearing capacity and ductility. First, FEM analysis is carried out to study the reasonable stiffness-range and it is found out when the inertia moments ratio varies from 6 to 8, edge members not only provide adequate anchorage, but also resist loads directly with main frame. Then, an unified calculation model called USMO is proposed, whose key point is to add inversed compression bars with stiffness to tension zone to simulate the increase of ultimate bearing capacity, leaving shearing part same to USM.
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Mizuno, Ai, Hidekazu Kajiwara, Hideki Tamura, and Manabu Aoyagi. "Study on Multidegree-of-Freedom Ultrasonic Motor Using Vibration Mode Rotation of Metal Spherical Stator." Actuators 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11010027.
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Most of the multidegree-of-freedom ultrasonic motors (MDOF-USMs) use a spherical rotor, and the design of the stator is restricted due to the use of the resonance mode. (1) Therefore, there is almost impossible to freely design the overall shape, resulting in a complicated structure. (2) To solve such an inconvenience, an MDOF-USM using a metal spherical stator was proposed. The vibration mode rotation on the stator was designed by theoretical analysis of spherical vibration and finite element method analysis. Multilayer piezoelectric actuators (MPAs) were embedded in the sphere to excite the vibration mode. Cylindrical projections were attached to the surface of the stator to magnify the vibration displacement and worked as the driving part. Their effects were evaluated using an electronic circuit simulator method of performance analysis. (3) As a result, two types of vibration mode rotation methods for the 3-DOF rotation were confirmed. It was also confirmed that the rotor covering the outside stator rotates around three axes. However, tiny torque, low power factor, and slow speed were obtained. (4) An MDOF-USM using a spherical stator was realized according to the operating principle. However, since the cause of such a low performance is the excitation method of the sphere and the rotor structure, research for improvement is required in the future.
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Lee, Chao-Ping, Mi-Ching Tsai, and Yiin-Kuen Fuh. "Tiny Piezoelectric Multi-Layered Actuators with Application in a Compact Camera Module—Design, Fabrication, Assembling and Testing Issues." Micromachines 13, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 2126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122126.
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Piezoelectric actuators with multi-layer structures have largely gained attention from academic and industry experts. This is due to its distinctive advantages of fast response time, huge generative force and the inherent good planar electromechanical coupling factor, as well as other mechanical qualities. Typically, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is one of the most represented piezoelectric ceramic materials that have been used for multi-layer piezoelectric actuators. Piezoelectric multi-layered actuators (PMLAs) were developed vigorously in the past decades due to the emergence of portable devices, such as smartphones with a highly compact camera module (CCM) and an image stabilizer (IS). This study reviewed the progress made in the field of PMLA applications, with a particular focus on the miniaturized dimensions and associated generated output force, speed and maximum output power requirement for various loads. Several commercial attempts, such as Helimorph, Lobster and the two-degrees-of-freedom ultrasonic motor (USM), were investigated. The proposed simple bimorph and multi-layer bimorph USMs experimentally showed thrust as high as 3.08 N and 2.57 N with good free speed and structural thicknesses of 0.7 and 0.6 mm, respectively. When compared with the other 14 reported linear USMs, they ranked as the top 1 and 2 in terms of the thrust-to-volume ratio. The proposed design shows great potential for cellphone camera module application, especially in moving sensor image stabilization. This study also provided outlooks for future developments for piezoelectric materials, configurations, fabrication and applications.
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Applegate, Rory, Shelly Olin, and Bethany Sabatino. "Urethral Sphincter Mechanism Incompetence in Dogs: An Update." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6524.
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ABSTRACT Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is the most common cause of acquired urinary incontinence in dogs. The pathogenesis of USMI is multifactorial and complex. Studies have shown variable results regarding the effects and timing of sterilization on the incidence of USMI. Diagnosis of USMI is often based on history, physical examination, and elimination of other differentials. Treatment options for USMI include medications, such as α-adrenergic agents and estrogen products, minimally-invasive urethral bulking procedures, surgical procedures (e.g., indwelling urethral occluders), or combination therapy. The overall prognosis for USMI is typically fair to good with long-term therapy.
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Xu, Leilei, Qin Zhang, Changhua Li, Fu Hua, and Xiaoping Liu. "Ultrasound Microbubble-Mediated microRNA-505 Regulates Cervical Cancer Cell Growth via AKT2." Analytical Cellular Pathology 2020 (October 15, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3731953.
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The application of ultrasound and microbubbles (USMB-) mediated microRNA (miR) is a promising approach of gene delivery for cancer treatment. We aimed to discuss the effects of USMB-miR-505 on cervical cancer (CC) development. miR-505 mediated by USMB was prepared. The effect of miR-505 on its transfection efficiency and the effect of miR-505 on HeLa cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were studied. The target gene of miR-505 was predicted, and its expression in CC was detected. The effect of the target gene on HeLa cells was further verified. USMB-miR-505 showed a higher transfection efficiency than miR-505 alone. The inhibitory effect of miR-505 mediated by USMB on HeLa cells was better than miR-505. miR-505 targeted AKT2, which was upregulated in CC. Overexpression of AKT2 reversed the inhibitory effect of USMB-miR-505 on HeLa cell malignant behaviors. Overall, we highlighted that USMB-miR-505 inhibited HeLa cell malignant behaviors by targeting AKT2.
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Li, Shengqing, Shi Yan, Jian Zheng, and Heng Zhang. "A New Type of Super-Sparse Matrix Converter with Γ Source and Its Characteristics Analysis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2136, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2136/1/012028.
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Abstract To solve the problem of low voltage transmission in ultra sparse matrix converter (USMC), a novel ultra sparse matrix converter (USMC) is proposed. The new USMC topology contains of a Γ source boost circuit in the DC link. By increasing the output voltage of DC link, the inverter stage can output higher voltage, thus widening the range of voltage transmission ratio. Furthermore, combined with the SVPWM modulation strategy, the voltage transfer ratio of the new USMC topology is derived, which lays a theoretical foundation for the application of USMC. Finally, Matlab / Simulink simulation results verify the correctness and feasibility of the topology.
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Willmann, Jürgen K., Lorenzo Bonomo, Antonia Carla Testa, Pierluigi Rinaldi, Guido Rindi, Keerthi S. Valluru, Gianluigi Petrone, Maurizio Martini, Amelie M. Lutz, and Sanjiv S. Gambhir. "Ultrasound Molecular Imaging With BR55 in Patients With Breast and Ovarian Lesions: First-in-Human Results." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 19 (July 1, 2017): 2133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.70.8594.
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Purpose We performed a first-in-human clinical trial on ultrasound molecular imaging (USMI) in patients with breast and ovarian lesions using a clinical-grade contrast agent (kinase insert domain receptor [KDR] –targeted contrast microbubble [MBKDR]) that is targeted at the KDR, one of the key regulators of neoangiogenesis in cancer. The aim of this study was to assess whether USMI using MBKDR is safe and allows assessment of KDR expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC) as the gold standard. Methods Twenty-four women (age 48 to 79 years) with focal ovarian lesions and 21 women (age 34 to 66 years) with focal breast lesions were injected intravenously with MBKDR (0.03 to 0.08 mL/kg of body weight), and USMI of the lesions was performed starting 5 minutes after injection up to 29 minutes. Blood pressure, ECG, oxygen levels, heart rate, CBC, and metabolic panel were obtained before and after MBKDR administration. Persistent focal MBKDR binding on USMI was assessed. Patients underwent surgical resection of the target lesions, and tissues were stained for CD31 and KDR by IHC. Results USMI with MBKDR was well tolerated by all patients without safety concerns. Among the 40 patients included in the analysis, KDR expression on IHC matched well with imaging signal on USMI in 93% of breast and 85% of ovarian malignant lesions. Strong KDR-targeted USMI signal was present in 77% of malignant ovarian lesions, with no targeted signal seen in 78% of benign ovarian lesions. Similarly, strong targeted signal was seen in 93% of malignant breast lesions with no targeted signal present in 67% of benign breast lesions. Conclusion USMI with MBKDR is clinically feasible and safe, and KDR-targeted USMI signal matches well with KDR expression on IHC. This study lays the foundation for a new field of clinical USMI in cancer.
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Fan, Yihong, Zach Cresswell, Silu Guo, Delin Zhang, Thomas J. Peterson, Jinming Liu, Yang Lv, K. Andre Mkhoyan, and Jian-Ping Wang. "Observation of unidirectional spin Hall magnetoresistance in amorphous PtSn4/CoFeB bilayers." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 9 (August 29, 2022): 092401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0097355.
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Unidirectional spin Hall magnetoresistance (USMR) is a magnetoresistance effect with potential applications to read two-terminal spin–orbit-torque (SOT) devices directly. In this work, we observed a large USMR value (up to 0.7 × 10−11 per A/cm2, 50% larger than reported values from heavy metals) in sputtered amorphous PtSn4/CoFeB bilayers. Ta/CoFeB bilayers with interfacial MgO insertion layers are deposited as control samples. The control experiments show that increasing the interfacial resistance can increase the USMR value, which is the case in PtSn4/CoFeB bilayers. The observation of a large USMR value in an amorphous spin–orbit-torque material has provided an alternative pathway for USMR application in two-terminal SOT devices.
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LEE, BUM-SUK, JUNG AH LEE, HYUN CHOI, HAN RAM PAK, EUN JOO KIM, JAE HYUK BAE, SUNG MOON YOO, and HYOSUN KWEON. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE USABILITY SCALE FOR POWER WHEELCHAIRS AND ITS APPLICATION IN POWER WHEELCHAIRS USERS IN KOREA." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 20, no. 10 (December 2020): 2040031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021951942040031x.
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More of power wheelchair users’ needs have to be met in the making of power wheelchairs. However, there has been no usability scale for the power wheelchair that is specifically focusing on the users’ needs. The purpose of this study was to test and validate a usability scale for power wheelchairs (USPW). The USPW has been developed through interviews with power wheelchair and consultations with a panel of experts. The USPW consists of four evaluation categories (safety, operation, efficiency, and satisfaction). In order to validate it, its usability and the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction Assistive Technology (QUEST) were also administered to 50 power wheelchair users. The USPW was extracted 12 items from safety, 7 from operation, 5 from efficiency, and 14 from satisfaction, with a total of 38 items. The content validity met the criteria. The total internal consistency (Cronbach’s [Formula: see text]) of the USPW was 0.75. Users of power wheelchair demanded that the safety of moving on the slopes, the satisfaction of storage space for power wheelchairs, and the repair service process would be improved. The correlation between the USPW and the QUEST was significant ([Formula: see text]). The USPW may be very useful to evaluate overall usability of power wheelchair including its safety, operability, efficiency, and satisfaction. The developed usability scale (USPW) may help wheelchair makers become aware of the problems of present power wheelchairs and the users’ needs, allowing them to make better ones.
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Sharma, Deepa, Kai Xuan Leong, and Gregory J. Czarnota. "Application of Ultrasound Combined with Microbubbles for Cancer Therapy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 8 (April 15, 2022): 4393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084393.
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At present, cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Treatment failure remains one of the prime hurdles in cancer treatment due to the metastatic nature of cancer. Techniques have been developed to hinder the growth of tumours or at least to stop the metastasis process. In recent years, ultrasound therapy combined with microbubbles has gained immense success in cancer treatment. Ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles (USMB) combined with other cancer treatments including radiation therapy, chemotherapy or immunotherapy has demonstrated potential improved outcomes in various in vitro and in vivo studies. Studies have shown that low dose radiation administered with USMB can have similar effects as high dose radiation therapy. In addition, the use of USMB in conjunction with radiotherapy or chemotherapy can minimize the toxicity of high dose radiation or chemotherapeutic drugs, respectively. In this review, we discuss the biophysical properties of USMB treatment and its applicability in cancer therapy. In particular, we highlight important preclinical and early clinical findings that demonstrate the antitumour effect combining USMB and other cancer treatment modalities (radiotherapy and chemotherapy). Our review mainly focuses on the tumour vascular effects mediated by USMB and these cancer therapies. We also discuss several current limitations, in addition to ongoing and future efforts for applying USMB in cancer treatment.
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Blair, J. "Walter Reed USMC." Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 150, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-150-03-12.
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Rousou, Charis, Josanne de Maar, Boning Qiu, Kim van der Wurff-Jacobs, Marika Ruponen, Arto Urtti, Sabrina Oliveira, et al. "The Effect of Microbubble-Assisted Ultrasound on Molecular Permeability across Cell Barriers." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 3 (February 24, 2022): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030494.
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The combination of ultrasound and microbubbles (USMB) has been applied to enhance drug permeability across tissue barriers. Most studies focused on only one physicochemical aspect (i.e., molecular weight of the delivered molecule). Using an in vitro epithelial (MDCK II) cell barrier, we examined the effects of USMB on the permeability of five molecules varying in molecular weight (182 Da to 20 kDa) and hydrophilicity (LogD at pH 7.4 from 1.5 to highly hydrophilic). Treatment of cells with USMB at increasing ultrasound pressures did not have a significant effect on the permeability of small molecules (molecular weight 259 to 376 Da), despite their differences in hydrophilicity (LogD at pH 7.4 from −3.2 to 1.5). The largest molecules (molecular weight 4 and 20 kDa) showed the highest increase in the epithelial permeability (3-7-fold). Simultaneously, USMB enhanced intracellular accumulation of the same molecules. In the case of the clinically relevant anti- C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 4 (CXCR4) nanobody (molecular weight 15 kDa), USMB enhanced paracellular permeability by two-fold and increased binding to retinoblastoma cells by five-fold. Consequently, USMB is a potential tool to improve the efficacy and safety of the delivery of drugs to organs protected by tissue barriers, such as the eye and the brain.
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de Maar, Josanne S., Maurice M. J. M. Zandvliet, Stefanie Veraa, Mauricio Tobón Restrepo, Chrit T. W. Moonen, and Roel Deckers. "Ultrasound and Microbubbles Mediated Bleomycin Delivery in Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma—An In Vivo Veterinary Study." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 4 (April 6, 2023): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041166.
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To investigate the feasibility and tolerability of ultrasound and microbubbles (USMB)-enhanced chemotherapy delivery for head and neck cancer, we performed a veterinary trial in feline companion animals with oral squamous cell carcinomas. Six cats were treated with a combination of bleomycin and USMB therapy three times, using the Pulse Wave Doppler mode on a clinical ultrasound system and EMA/FDA approved microbubbles. They were evaluated for adverse events, quality of life, tumour response and survival. Furthermore, tumour perfusion was monitored before and after USMB therapy using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). USMB treatments were feasible and well tolerated. Among 5 cats treated with optimized US settings, 3 had stable disease at first, but showed disease progression 5 or 11 weeks after first treatment. One cat had progressive disease one week after the first treatment session, maintaining a stable disease thereafter. Eventually, all cats except one showed progressive disease, but each survived longer than the median overall survival time of 44 days reported in literature. CEUS performed immediately before and after USMB therapy suggested an increase in tumour perfusion based on an increase in median area under the curve (AUC) in 6 out of 12 evaluated treatment sessions. In this small hypothesis-generating study, USMB plus chemotherapy was feasible and well-tolerated in a feline companion animal model and showed potential for enhancing tumour perfusion in order to increase drug delivery. This could be a forward step toward clinical translation of USMB therapy to human patients with a clinical need for locally enhanced treatment.
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Almasri, Firas, Emmanuel H. Sakarya, and Raffi Karshafian. "Radioenhancement with the Combination of Docetaxel and Ultrasound Microbubbles: In Vivo Prostate Cancer." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 5 (May 11, 2023): 1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15051468.
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Using an in vitro prostate cancer model, we previously demonstrated the significant enhancement of radiotherapy (XRT) with the combined treatment of docetaxel (Taxotere; TXT) and ultrasound-microbubbles (USMB). Here, we extend these findings to an in vivo cancer model. Severe combined immune-deficient male mice were xenografted with the PC-3 prostate cancer cell line in the hind leg and treated with USMB, TXT, radiotherapy (XRT), and their combinations. The tumors were imaged with ultrasound pre-treatment and 24 h post-treatment, following which they were extracted for the histological analysis of the tumor-cell death (DN; H&E) and apoptosis (DA; TUNEL). The tumors’ growths were assessed for up to ~6 weeks and analysed using the exponential Malthusian tumor-growth model. The tumors’ doubling time (VT) was characterized as growth (positive) or shrinkage (negative). The cellular death and apoptosis increased ~5-fold with the TXT + USMB + XRT (Dn = 83% and Da = 71%) compared to the XRT alone (Dn = 16% and Da = 14%), and by ~2–3-fold with the TXT + XRT (Dn = 50% and Da = 38%) and USMB + XRT (Dn = 45% and Da = 27%) compared to the XRT. The USMB enhanced the cellular bioeffects of the TXT by ~2–5-fold with the TXT + USMB (Dn = 42% and Da = 50%), compared with the TXT alone (Dn = 19% and Da = 9%). The USMB alone caused cell death (Dn = 17% and Da = 10%) compared to the untreated control (Dn = 0.4% and Da = 0%). The histological cellular bioeffects were correlated with the changes in the ultrasound RF mid-band-fit data, which were associated with the cellular morphology. The linear regression analysis displayed a positive linear correlation between the mid-band fit and the overall cell death (R2 = 0.9164), as well as a positive linear correlation between the mid-band fit and the apoptosis (R2 = 0.8530). These results demonstrate a correlation between the histological and spectral measurements of the tissue microstructure and that cellular morphological changes can be detected by ultrasound scattering analysis. In addition, the tumor volumes from the triple-combination treatment were significantly smaller than those from the control, XRT, USMB + XRT, and TXT + XRT, from day 2 onward. The TXT + USMB + XRT-treated tumors shrank from day 2 and at each subsequent time-point measured (VT ~−6 days). The growth of the XRT-treated tumors was inhibited during the first 16 days, following which the tumors grew (VT ~9 days). The TXT + XRT and USMB + XRT groups displayed an initial decrease in tumor size (day 1–14; TXT + XRT VT ~−12 days; USMB + XRT VT ~−33 days), followed by a growth phase (day 15–37; TXT + XRT VT ~11 days; USMB + XRT VT ~22 days). The triple-combination therapy induced tumor shrinkage to a greater extent than any of the other treatments. This study demonstrates the in vivo radioenhancement potential of chemotherapy combined with therapeutic ultrasound-microbubble treatment in inducing cell death and apoptosis, as well as long-term tumor shrinkage.
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Hu, Yuqi, Ripeng Jiang, Xiaoqian Li, Anqing Li, and Ziming Xie. "Effects of High-Intensity Ultrasound on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2195 Aluminum Ingots." Metals 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11071050.
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The microstructural refinement of 2195 aluminum alloy ingots is particularly important for improving their industrial applications and mechanical properties. Combined with vacuum casting and inert gas protection, scalable high-strength ultrasonic melt processing (USMT) technology was used to manufacture 2195 aluminum alloy cylindrical ingots. Then, the influence of USMT on the main microstructural components (primary α-Al grains, secondary phase network, and precipitated particles) was studied. Our experiments show that the main microstructure of the ingot was improved after the introduction of ultrasound. Compared to the ingot formed without USMT, the size and morphology of the primary α-Al phase were optimized. The agglomeration of coarsening secondary phases can be alleviated, and the large layered secondary phase network becomes discontinuous throughout the ingot under USMT. At the same time, the mechanical properties of the solidified aluminum alloy ingots were also tested, and comparisons were made between samples formed with and without USMT. The results show that the stress concentration caused by the large area of coarse secondary phase in the ingot leads to the decrease of mechanical properties.
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Rousou, Charis, Nicky van Kronenburg, Andreas F. P. Sonnen, Marijke van Dijk, Chrit Moonen, Gert Storm, Enrico Mastrobattista, and Roel Deckers. "Microbubble-Assisted Ultrasound for Drug Delivery to the Retina in an Ex Vivo Eye Model." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 4 (April 11, 2023): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041220.
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Drug delivery to the retina is one of the major challenges in ophthalmology due to the biological barriers that protect it from harmful substances in the body. Despite the advancement in ocular therapeutics, there are many unmet needs for the treatment of retinal diseases. Ultrasound combined with microbubbles (USMB) was proposed as a minimally invasive method for improving delivery of drugs in the retina from the blood circulation. This study aimed to investigate the applicability of USMB for the delivery of model drugs (molecular weight varying from 600 Da to 20 kDa) in the retina of ex vivo porcine eyes. A clinical ultrasound system, in combination with microbubbles approved for clinical ultrasound imaging, was used for the treatment. Intracellular accumulation of model drugs was observed in the cells lining blood vessels in the retina and choroid of eyes treated with USMB but not in eyes that received ultrasound only. Specifically, 25.6 ± 2.9% of cells had intracellular uptake at mechanical index (MI) 0.2 and 34.5 ± 6.0% at MI 0.4. Histological examination of retinal and choroid tissues revealed that at these USMB conditions, no irreversible alterations were induced at the USMB conditions used. These results indicate that USMB can be used as a minimally invasive targeted means to induce intracellular accumulation of drugs for the treatment of retinal diseases.
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Rembetski, Benjamin E., Kenton M. Sanders, and Bernard T. Drumm. "Contribution of Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels and store-operated Ca2+ entry to pig urethral smooth muscle contraction." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 318, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): F496—F505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00514.2019.
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Urethral smooth muscle (USM) generates tone to prevent urine leakage from the bladder during filling. USM tone has been thought to be a voltage-dependent process, relying on Ca2+ influx via voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in USM cells, modulated by the activation of Ca2+-activated Cl− channels encoded by Ano1. However, recent findings in the mouse have suggested that USM tone is voltage independent, relying on Ca2+ influx through Orai channels via store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). We explored if this pathway also occurred in the pig using isometric tension recordings of USM tone. Pig USM strips generated myogenic tone, which was nearly abolished by the Cav1.2 channel antagonist nifedipine and the ATP-dependent K+ channel agonist pinacidil. Pig USM tone was reduced by the Orai channel blocker GSK-7975A. Electrical field stimulation (EFS) led to phentolamine-sensitive contractions of USM strips. Contractions of pig USM were also induced by phenylephrine. Phenylephrine-evoked and EFS-evoked contractions of pig USM were reduced by ~50–75% by nifedipine and ~30% by GSK-7975A. Inhibition of Ano1 channels had no effect on tone or EFS-evoked contractions of pig USM. In conclusion, unlike the mouse, pig USM exhibited voltage-dependent tone and agonist/EFS-evoked contractions. Whereas SOCE plays a role in generating tone and agonist/neural-evoked contractions in both species, this dominates in the mouse. Tone and agonist/EFS-evoked contractions of pig USM are the result of Ca2+ influx primarily through Cav1.2 channels, and no evidence was found supporting a role of Ano1 channels in modulating these mechanisms.
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Quispe, José Dolores Esquerre, and Milagros Cecilia Huamán Castro. "Aplicación de videotutoriales para la mejora de las competencias matemáticas en los estudiantes de pregrado de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres." South Florida Journal of Development 2, no. 2 (May 17, 2021): 1161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv2n2-002.
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La investigación tuvo como objetivo principal determinar de qué manera influye el uso de video tutoriales en la mejora de las competencias educativas de los estudiantes de Matemática de pregrado en las aulas virtuales de la USMP el año 2018. El tipo de investigación fue con enfoque tecnológico y de corte transversal, cuyo método de investigación fue cuasi-experimental. La población estuvo formada por los estudiantes de pregrado de la asignatura de Matemática I 2018 de la USMP Virtual (USMP) quienes llevaron la asignatura en el aula virtual. Los estudiantes fueron un total de 60 integrantes. Ellos fueron matriculados según estricto orden de llegada, hasta acabarse las vacantes. El instrumento que se utilizó en la investigación relacionada a las competencias matemáticas, fue una rúbrica que cuenta con un total de 15 preguntas. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron concluir que el uso del video tutoriales ayuda a la mejora de las competencias matemáticas de los estudiantes de Matemática de pregrado en las aulas virtuales de la USMP Virtual 2018.
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Palerme, Jean-Sébastien, Allison Mazepa, Rae G. Hutchins, Vincent Ziglioli, and Shelly L. Vaden. "Clinical Response and Side Effects Associated with Testosterone Cypionate for Urinary Incontinence in Male Dogs." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 53, no. 5 (September 1, 2017): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6588.
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ABSTRACT Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is reported much more seldom in male dogs than in female dogs. The few existing reports evaluating the efficacy of medical therapy in controlling USMI in males have demonstrated limited success. In this case series, we report the effect of testosterone cypionate, given at a median dose of 1.5 mg/kg intramuscularly every 4 wk, in eight male dogs with USMI. Response was evaluated through the review of medical records and telephone interviews with the clients. Based on owners’ assessments, a good to excellent response was reported in three of eight dogs (38%), a slight response was reported in one of eight dogs (12%), and a poor response was reported in four of eight dogs (50%). Adverse effects were not reported, and benefit was judged sufficient to continue therapy in two cases. The results reported in this case series suggest that testosterone cypionate might be an effective and safe treatment option for male dogs with USMI.
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Sharma, Deepa, Christine M. Tarapacki, Harini Kandavel, Mailoan Panchalingam, Hyunjung Christina Kim, Holliday Cartar, Ahmed El Kaffas, and Gregory J. Czarnota. "Evaluating the effects of radiation and acoustically-stimulated microbubble therapy in an in vivo breast cancer model." PLOS ONE 18, no. 5 (May 2, 2023): e0277759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277759.
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Ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles (USMB) cause localized vascular effects and sensitize tumors to radiation therapy (XRT). We investigated acoustic parameter optimization for combining USMB and XRT. We treated breast cancer xenograft tumors with 500 kHz pulsed ultrasound at varying pressures (570 or 740 kPa), durations (1 to 10 minutes), and microbubble concentrations (0.01 to 1% (v/v)). Radiation therapy (2 Gy) was administered immediately or after a 6-hour delay. Histological staining of tumors 24 hours after treatment detected changes in cell morphology, cell death, and microvascular density. Significant cell death resulted at 570 kPa after a 1-minute exposure with 1% (v/v) microbubbles with or without XRT. However, significant microvascular disruption required higher ultrasound pressure and exposure duration greater than 5 minutes. Introducing a 6-hour delay between treatments (USMB and XRT) showed a similar tumor effect with no further improvement in response as compared to when XRT was delivered immediately after USMB.
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Shen, Zhiyong, Jingjing Shao, Jianquan Zhang, and Weixing Qu. "Ultrasound cavitation enhanced chemotherapy: In vivo research and clinical application." Experimental Biology and Medicine 245, no. 14 (June 20, 2020): 1200–1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370220936150.
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Ultrasound and microbubbles can induce apoptosis of tumor cells. However, the effects of ultrasound and microbubbles (USMB) combined with chemotherapy on in vivo tumors have rarely been studied. This research is to evaluate the efficacy of targeted USMB and chemotherapeutic drugs on apoptosis and inhibition of hepatic carcinoma cells in nude mice. We also summarize case reports of its clinical application. It was divided into three parts: First, the subcutaneous hepatic tumors of nude mice were irradiated with ultrasound (20 kHz, 2 W/cm2, 40% duty cycle) and SonoVue microbubbles injected to the tail vein of the mice followed by chemotherapy comprising cisplatin, mitomycin, and 5-fluorouracil. The apoptosis of hepatoma cells was examined by TUNEL staining, and the expression of the Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in the tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The microvasculature of the tumor tissues was observed by transmission electron microscope. Second, orthotopic hepatic tumors in nude mice were irradiated by USMB and chemotherapy. The therapeutic effects were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Third, the malignant tumors in three patients were treated with USMB and chemotherapy. Our results showed that microbubbles focused by low-frequency US ruptured microvessel walls, through which more chemotherapy drugs entered into the carcinoma cells, thus enhancing cell apoptosis, increasing Bax protein expression, and decreasing Bcl-2 expression. The survival period of the nude mice in the USMB and chemotherapy group was the longest, compared with the control, USMB, and chemotherapy (χ2=29.37, P < 0.0001). Magnetic resonance imaging examinations revealed the tumor volumes in nude mice decreased after USMB and chemotherapy (t = 3.91, P = 0.0173). In clinical cases, after USMB and chemotherapy, the diameters of tumors decreased and the symptoms of the patients were relieved. Targeted low-frequency ultrasound combined with chemotherapy can promote tumor cell apoptosis, inhibit tumor growth, and relieve clinical symptoms of patients. Impact statement The novelty of this research is that we used ultrasound cavitation to enhance the effects of chemotherapy in the subcutaneous and orthotopic hepatic carcinomas in nude mice. Case reports of the effects of the targeting ultrasound cavitation and chemotherapy on malignant tumors in clinical patients were also examined. We found that low-frequency ultrasound cavitation combined with chemotherapy is effective in the inhibition of tumor growth to some extent.
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Franceschi, Paulina. "Lección inaugural USMA 2014." Investigación y Pensamiento Crítico 2, no. 4 (May 2, 2014): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37387/ipc.v2i4.31.
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El inicio de un nuevo periodo académico siempre trae consigo motivaciones y se renuevan las inten-ciones y el propósito de esta universidad católica. Es el momento obligado para reconectarnos con nuestra esencia, y nuestra identidad, y por ello la lección inaugural se ha convertido en un ejercicio académico donde abordamos un tema que nos ayude a repensarnos en el presente y redefinirnos hacia el futuro.Para abordar esta lección inaugural, de la cual me siento honrada, ciertamente repase varios temas sobre los cuales podría hacer un aporte. Para algunos de ustedes es conocido que me apasiona hablar sobre el desarrollo de nuestro país, y en particular sobre el desarrollo humano, y los retos que desde ese prisma tenemos en el país.No obstante, reflexionando sobre temas que a menudo nos preocupan, iré seleccionado algunos men-sajes que quiero compartir con ustedes hoy día, para provocar una reflexión y conversación. Me parece importante reflexionar sobre el por qué la educación resurge como una esperanza ante un mundo materializado que ha perdido la visión de un bienestar social y más humano, y cuáles son los escenarios de futuro y sobre los cuales converge la opinión de varios autores.¿Y por qué los escenarios de futuro? Porque no cabe duda que la educación, una actividad profunda-mente sensible por ser la base del desarrollo de cualquier sociedad que se proyecte hacia adelante, no puede soslayar la necesidad de pensarse hacia el futuro. Por el contrario, la exige encarecida y cons-tantemente.En ese contexto es fundamental preguntarnos, por ejemplo, ¿cómo se enseñará y aprenderá dentro de diez o quince años? ¿Qué temas de enseñanza serán los más pertinentes? ¿Qué medios didácticos se emplearán? ¿Cómo serán nuestros estudiantes? ¿Cómo serán los docentes de entonces? ¿Cómo será la infraestructura de las escuelas y la universidad del futuro?¡Prepararnos hacia el futuro es esto! Es conocer los escenarios de futuro, es manejar la incertidumbre y es concretar en planes estratégicos que nos permitan seguir siendo una universidad de vanguardia, creativa e innovadora pero por sobre todo, diría extremadamente consciente, del gran papel que le toca jugar, por su identidad católica y frente al noble propósito de formar integralmente a las personas para el mundo que le toca vivir.
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Gómez Avellaneda, Andrés Leonardo, Yolanda Teresa Hernández Peña, and Carlos Zafra Mejía. "Minería en Usme, Bogotá." Equidad y Desarrollo 1, no. 35 (February 21, 2020): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/eq.vol1.iss35.6.
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La minería se ha convertido en uno de los temas más sensibles y polémicos en nuestro país y en América Latina, no solo por sus efectos ambientales sobre los ecosistemas, sino también por los impactos sociales que genera, principalmente relacionados con el avance de explotaciones en sectores poblados, procesos urbanizadores ilegales y generación de zonas de riesgo. Frente a este fenómeno, la justicia espacial se configura en una categoría crítica que permite interpretar los procesos de desigualdad generados a partir de este tipo de explotaciones. El objetivo del artículo es analizar las percepciones sociales sobre la minería a partir de la justicia espacial. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se utilizó el estudio de caso, así como herramientas para la recolección de información como encuestas, entrevistas, observación participante y cartografía social. Se destaca el sentimiento de injusticia espacial, cuando las personas manifiestan su inconformismo ante la concentración de las explotaciones mineras en zonas deprimidas, económica, política y socialmente
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Liu, Xiaoliang, Jinhao Qiu, and Gai Zhao. "Improved energy conversion efficiency of the ultrasonic motor with surface texture." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 9 (November 19, 2018): 1729–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-02-2018-0053.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of frictional materials and surface texture on the energy conversion efficiency and the mechanical output performance of the ultrasonic motor (USM). Design/methodology/approach A newly designed testing system was set up to measure the mechanical output performance of the USM. The influence of different frictional materials on the output performance of the USM was studied under the same assembly process and parameters. The surface texture was fabricated by laser ablation processing. The effects of surface texture and input parameters on the energy conversion efficiency and mechanical output performance of the USM were studied. Findings The results show that polyimide (PI) composites as frictional material can significantly improve the output performance of the USM compared to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites. When the pre-load is 240 N, the energy conversion efficiency of the USM using textured PI composites as frictional material can reach 41.93 per cent, increased by 29.21 per cent compared to PTFE composites, and the effective output range of the USM is increased to 0.7-1.1 N m. Besides, the pre-load and surface texture have a great influence on the output performance of the USM. Originality/value PI composites can improve the mechanical output performance of the USM. Surface texture can also improve the interface tribological properties and the energy conversion efficiency based on the advanced frictional materials, which will contribute to the increment of the output performance of the USM under the same input conditions.
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Lee, Hana, Jeehye Sung, Younghwa Kim, Heon Sang Jeong, and Junsoo Lee. "Protective Effects of Unsaponifiable Matter from Perilla Seed Meal on UVB-induced Damages and the Underlying Mechanisms in Human Skin Fibroblasts." Antioxidants 8, no. 12 (December 13, 2019): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8120644.
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Unsaponifiable matter (USM) from perilla seed meal contains numerous phytochemicals, including tocopherols, phytosterols, squalene, and policosanols, that exhibit antioxidant and health-promoting properties. In this study, the protective effects of USM on UVB-induced skin aging were investigated in Hs68 cells. UVB irradiation decreased cell viability by 26% compared to the control. However, USM blocked UVB-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, USM treatment significantly decreased the UVB-induced production of reactive oxygen species and attenuated the UVB-induced production and mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by inhibiting the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and activator protein 1 (AP-1). Furthermore, UVB exposure led to a 49.4% reduction in collagen synthesis. However, USM treatment restored collagen synthesis through upregulation of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/Smad2/3 pathways. These data indicate that USM regulates the production of MMPs and collagen by modulation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway and AP-1 activity, suggesting that USM may be a useful anti-photoaging ingredient.
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WANG, YANG-XIN, ZHOU YANG, JIAN-WEI DAI, XIU-MING ZHAO, and XIANG-YANG MAO. "RESEARCH ON SURFACE STRENGTHENING INDUCED BY ULTRASONIC PUNCHING TO IMPROVE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND CORROSION RESISTANCE FOR SHAFT PARTS." Surface Review and Letters 27, no. 01 (April 4, 2019): 1950086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x19500860.
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The shaft parts surface was treated by ultrasonic surface machining (USM) technology after surface induction hardening and tempering. In order to study the surface strengthening mechanism of ultrasonic punching on the surface of induction quenching and tempering, nano-intendation, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy were utilized to evaluate the mechanical and corrosion properties of untreated and USM-treated surface. The results indicated that the surface treated by USM had an obviously gradient plastic deformation layer and the grain of lath martensite was refined by this deformation. The surface mircohardness of USM-treated sample had a gradient trend, and the surface highest hardness was increased. Surface residual stress of USM-treated specimen was higher than untreated surface. The surface of USM-treated specimen also exhibited a lower friction coefficient, and a smaller wear scar. In addition, the surface of USM-treated sample had better corrosion resistance than untreated surface.
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Yuana, Yuana, Banuja Balachandran, Kim M. G. van der Wurff-Jacobs, Raymond M. Schiffelers, and Chrit T. Moonen. "Potential Use of Extracellular Vesicles Generated by Microbubble-Assisted Ultrasound as Drug Nanocarriers for Cancer Treatment." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 3024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21083024.
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs)-carrying biomolecules derived from parental cells have achieved substantial scientific interest for their potential use as drug nanocarriers. Ultrasound (US) in combination with microbubbles (MB) have been shown to trigger the release of EVs from cancer cells. In the current study, the use of microbubbles-assisted ultrasound (USMB) to generate EVs containing drug cargo was investigated. The model drug, CellTracker™ green fluorescent dye (CTG) or bovine serum albumin conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (BSA FITC) was loaded into primary human endothelial cells in vitro using USMB. We found that USMB loaded CTG and BSA FITC into human endothelial cells (HUVECs) and triggered the release of EVs containing these compounds in the cell supernatant within 2 h after treatment. The amount of EV released seemed to be correlated with the increase of US acoustic pressure. Co-culturing these EVs resulted in uptake by the recipient tumour cells within 4 h. In conclusion, USMB was able to load the model drugs into endothelial cells and simultaneously trigger the release of EVs-carrying model drugs, highlighting the potential of EVs as drug nanocarriers for future drug delivery in cancer.
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Moya, Borja G. "Un sabueso mecánico de servicio." UMH Sapiens Divulgación científica 2013, no. 3 (March 2013): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/22553568.2013.3.usms.
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Sadygova, Arzu, Lyalya Yusupova, and Mushfig Agababaev. "Development of creative intercultural and communicative competence of USMU international students at the lessons of Russian as a Foreign Language." SHS Web of Conferences 99 (2021): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219901013.
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This article deals with the topical issues related to the development of creative intercultural and communicative competence of international students of the Ural State Mining University (USMU) in the process of their learning Russian as a Foreign Language. The article suggests the possibility to use various methods and techniques for the presentation of educational material in order to increase the level of formation and development of speaking skills, creative intercultural and communicative competence of the USMU international students at the lessons of Russian as a Foreign Language. The necessity to improve teaching methods for the development of grammar skills alongside with the formation and development of the communicative skills of the USMU foreign students is viewed as the key thing. Special attention is given to the importance of the methodology used to provide the pedagogical conditions necessary for a creative approach to the educational process, which, in its turn, results in the development of creative intercultural and communicative competence of the international students acquiring knowledge and skills in the field of both speech and intercultural communication at the lessons of Russian as a Foreign Language. Particular emphasis is made on the development of oral and written communication skills of the USMU international students at the Russian lessons under paradigm of the development of creative intercultural and communicative competence. Finally, the formation and development of the speech activity of the USMU international students at the lessons of Russian as a Foreign Language is considered to be an integral part of the overall educational process.
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Chang, Zhilu, Zhen Du, Fan Zhang, Faming Huang, Jiawu Chen, Wenbin Li, and Zizheng Guo. "Landslide Susceptibility Prediction Based on Remote Sensing Images and GIS: Comparisons of Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning Models." Remote Sensing 12, no. 3 (February 4, 2020): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12030502.
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Landslide susceptibility prediction (LSP) has been widely and effectively implemented by machine learning (ML) models based on remote sensing (RS) images and Geographic Information System (GIS). However, comparisons of the applications of ML models for LSP from the perspectives of supervised machine learning (SML) and unsupervised machine learning (USML) have not been explored. Hence, this study aims to compare the LSP performance of these SML and USML models, thus further to explore the advantages and disadvantages of these ML models and to realize a more accurate and reliable LSP result. Two representative SML models (support vector machine (SVM) and CHi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID)) and two representative USML models (K-means and Kohonen models) are respectively used to scientifically predict the landslide susceptibility indexes, and then these prediction results are discussed. Ningdu County with 446 recorded landslides obtained through field investigations is introduced as case study. A total of 12 conditioning factors are obtained through procession of Landsat TM 8 images and high-resolution aerial images, topographical and hydrological spatial analysis of Digital Elevation Modeling in GIS software, and government reports. The area value under the curve of receiver operating features (AUC) is applied for evaluating the prediction accuracy of SML models, and the frequency ratio (FR) accuracy is then introduced to compare the remarkable prediction performance differences between SML and USML models. Overall, the receiver operation curve (ROC) results show that the AUC of the SVM is 0.892 and is slightly greater than the AUC of the CHAID model (0.872). The FR accuracy results show that the SVM model has the highest accuracy for LSP (77.80%), followed by the CHAID model (74.50%), the Kohonen model (72.8%) and the K-means model (69.7%), which indicates that the SML models can reach considerably better prediction capability than the USML models. It can be concluded that selecting recorded landslides as prior knowledge to train and test the LSP models is the key reason for the higher prediction accuracy of the SML models, while the lack of a priori knowledge and target guidance is an important reason for the low LSP accuracy of the USML models. Nevertheless, the USML models can also be used to implement LSP due to their advantages of efficient modeling processes, dimensionality reduction and strong scalability.
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Mancheño-Barba, Juan José, Sergio Navas-León, María-Luisa Gutiérrez-Lopez, Ana De la Rosa-Cáceres, Pilar Cáceres-Pachón, and Oscar Martin Lozano. "Perfiles de pacientes con patología dual: ¿qué diferencias existen entre los que acuden a las unidades de salud mental comunitaria y a los centros de tratamiento de drogodependencias?" Anales de Psicología 35, no. 2 (April 7, 2019): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.35.2.345721.
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La atención médica y psicológica de pacientes con patología dual es realizada por servicios de salud mental, adicciones, o coordinada. No obstante, es elección de los pacientes acudir a uno u otro servicio. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las semejanzas y diferencias de pacientes con patología dual que acuden a estos centros. El estudio se ha realizado con170 pacientes diagnosticados de patología dual atendidos en el Servicio Provincial de Drogodependencias de Huelva (SPDH) y Unidades de Salud Mental Comunitaria (USMC) de la provincia de Huelva. En el SPDH la prevalencia de pacientes con dependencia a heroína y cocaína es mayor (35.9% vs 2% en USMC y 16.4% en coordinado). En las USMC se observa una mayor prevalencia de pacientes con dependencia a cannabis (41.2% vs 9.4% en el CTA y 16.4% en coordinado). La odds ratio para pacientes con episodios hipomaníacos fue de 2.879 (p<0.05) en el SPDH, y de 0.483 (p<0.05) para episodios maníacos. Hay una mayor prevalencia de pacientes con trastornos psicóticos en las USMC en comparación con el SPDH (66% vs 37.5%). Las diferencias detectadas en los perfiles deben ser consideradas en la planificación asistencial de los centros que atienden a estos pacientes. Dual patients are usually treated in drug users services, mental health units, or both. However, each patient can choose the service to receive the health care. The aim of this study is to analyze the similarities and differences of the patient profiles that are treated in each one of these centers. The sample consists of 170 patients diagnosed with dual pathology treated at Servicio Provincial de Drogodependencias de Huelva (SPDH) and Unidades de Salud Mental Comunitaria (USMC) in the province of Huelva. In SPDH, higher prevalence of patients with cocaine and heroin dependence profile was observed (35.9% vs 2% in MH and 16.4% in coordinated). In USMC there is higher prevalence of patients with cannabis dependence profile (41.2% vs 9.4% in the DU and 16.4% in the coordinated service). The odds ratio for patients with hypomanic episodes was 2,879 (p <0.05) in SPDH compared to other services. Odds ratio observed for manic episodes was 0.483 (p <0.05) in SPDH. Patients with comorbid psychotic disorders are more prevalent in USMC compared to SPDH services (66% vs 37.5%). The differences observed in the profiles should be considered in the care planning of these centers.
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Cohen, Juliana F. W., Michele Polacsek, Christina E. Hecht, Ken Hecht, Margaret Read, Deborah A. Olarte, Anisha I. Patel, et al. "Implementation of Universal School Meals during COVID-19 and beyond: Challenges and Benefits for School Meals Programs in Maine." Nutrients 14, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 4031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14194031.
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School meals play a major role in supporting children’s diets and food security, and policies for universal school meals (USM) have the potential to contribute to positive child health outcomes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, schools provided free school meals to all students in the United States, but this national USM policy ended in school year (SY) 2022–2023; however, a few states have adopted policies to continue USM statewide for SY 2022–2023. Research examining the challenges and strategies for successful continuation of USM is essential, along with studying pandemic-related challenges that are likely to persist in schools. Therefore, we conducted a study in Maine (with a USM policy) to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 and the concurrent implementation of USM, as well as examine differences in implementation by school characteristics, throughout the state. A total of n = 43 school food authorities (SFAs) throughout Maine completed surveys. SFAs reported multiple benefits of USM including increased school meal participation; reductions in the perceived stigma for students from lower-income households and their families; and no longer experiencing unpaid meal charges and debt. SFAs also experienced challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly regarding costs. When considering future challenges, most respondents were concerned with obtaining income information from families, product and ingredient availability, and the costs/financial sustainability of the school meal programs. Overall, USM may have multiple important benefits for students and schools, and other states should consider implementation of a USM policy.
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Zhang, Changxin, Huan Li, Qianxi Liu, Chaowang Huang, and Kang Zhou. "Ultrasonic Welding of Aluminum to Steel: A Review." Metals 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13010029.
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As a solid-state bonding technology, ultrasonic welding (USW) has the characteristics of green energy saving and environmental friendliness. It is more suitable for joining dissimilar metals than other welding technologies. The aluminum-to-steel USWed joint has been widely used in the automotive and aviation industries. Currently, there is no review literature report on aluminum-to-steel USW. The main physical phenomena of the USW process include interface temperature increase, ultrasonic softening, plastic deformation, formation and growth of the IMCs, and dynamic recrystallization. Hence, the microstructures and mechanical properties of aluminum-alloy-to-low-carbon-steel, aluminum-alloy-to-stainless steel, and aluminum-alloy-to-galvanized-steel-joints by USW are reviewed. Moreover, the effect of interface temperature, interface plastic deformation, and interface macrostructure and microstructure is explored. Lastly, tensile-shear and fatigue strength of joints and numerical simulation of the USW process are also discussed. In addition, some new application types of aluminum-to-steel USW are introduced. Finally, the future trends of aluminum-to-steel USW with guidance are provided.
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VIROSZTEK, ATTILA, KAZUMI MAKI, and BALÁZS DÓRA. "MICROMAGNETISM IN URu2Si2 AND HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 11n12 (May 20, 2002): 1667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202011135.
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It has been proposed, that unconventional density waves (UDW) are possible candidates for systems with hidden order parameter. Unlike in conventional density waves, no periodic modulation of either the charge-, or the spin-density is present in UDW, in spite of a clear thermodynamic signal. Although the unconventional spin density wave (USDW) has been suggested for the "antiferromagnetic" phase of URu2Si2 , the micromagnetism seen by neutron scattering has not been understood. We present here the calculation of the local spin density due to impurities in USDW, which describes quantitatively the neutron scattering data by Amitsuka et al. Further, we propose that the pseudogap phase in high temperature superconductors (HTSC) should also be USDW. Strong evidence for this are the micromagnetism seen by Sidis et al., and the optical dichroism seen by Campuzano et al.
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Harefa, Hilda Syaf'aini. "PENGADAAN BAHAN PUSTAKA DI PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS SARI MUTIARA INDONESIA." Jurnal Pustaka Ilmiah 3, no. 2 (August 14, 2019): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jpi.v3i2.33746.
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<p>The papers aims to determine how the process of procurement of library materials in the library of the University of Sari Mutiara Indonesia. The method used is descriptive qualitative approach. Data was collected through interviews. The results showed as follows: (1) The procurement of library materials in the library-Indonesian USM adapted to the needs of the academic community. (2) System procurement of library materials used by USM library-Indonesia is the purchase, gift or donation and its own publications. (3) System procurement of library materials that are often used by the USM-Indonesian library is oriented to the needs of purchase for USM-Indonesian academicians. Recommendations USM-Indonesian library should make a written procurement policy of library materials as a basis for procurement of library materials in the library USM-Indonesia.</p><p>Keywords: collection development, acquissition</p>
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Eslinger, Melissa, Michael A. Washington, Carissa Pekny, Natalie Nepa, J. Kenneth Wickiser, Ryan A. Limbocker, and G. Dennis Shanks. "Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions and Military Hygiene at the United States Military Academy between 1890 and 1910." Military Medicine 185, no. 11-12 (November 1, 2020): e2104-e2109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa226.
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Abstract Introduction Military installations are at increased risk for the transmission of infectious disease. Personnel who live and train on military installations live and train near one another facilitating disease transmission. An understanding of historical sanitation and hygiene can inform modern practices. This is especially pertinent considering the continuing rise of variants of infectious diseases, such as the recent pandemic of the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. In this article, we review the rise and decline of infectious disease at the United States Military Academy (USMA) during the period spanning 1890 through 1910, and the public health interventions used to combat disease spread. Materials and Methods Primary data regarding cadet illness were acquired from the historical archives of the USMA. These included annual reports, clinical admission records, casualty ledgers, and sanitation reports. Unpublished documents from the medical history of USMA provide periodic trends of health among cadets because of infectious disease. Results Between 1890 and 1910, the USMA at West Point was confronted with cases of influenza, measles, mumps, scarlet fever, smallpox, typhus, and malaria. In response, a series of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were instituted to curb the spread of infectious disease. These interventions most likely proved effective in suppressing the transmission of communicable diseases. The most common and arguably the most effective NPI was the physical separation of the sick from the well. Conclusions The USMA experience mirrored what was occurring in the larger U.S. Army in the early 20th century and may serve as a model for the application of NPIs in response to modern infectious diseases resulting from novel or unknown etiologies.
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Gani, Mohammed Osman, Ramesh Kumar Ayyasamy, Anbuselvan Sangodiah, and Yong Tien Fui. "USTW Vs. STW: A Comparative Analysis for Exam Question Classification based on Bloom’s Taxonomy." MENDEL 28, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.13164/mendel.2022.2.025.
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Bloom’s Taxonomy (BT) is widely used in educational institutions to produce high-quality exam papers to evaluate students’ knowledge at different cognitive levels. However, manual question labeling takes a long time, and not all evaluators are familiar with BT. The researchers worked to automate the exam question classification process based on BT as a solution. Enhancement in term weighting is one of the ways to increase classification accuracy while working with text data. However, all the past work on the term weighting in exam question classification focused on unsupervised term weighting (USTW) schemes. The supervised term weighting (STW) schemes showed effectiveness in text classification but were not addressed in past studies of exam question classification. As a result, this study focused on the effectiveness of STW in classifying exam questions using BT. Hence, this research performed a comparative analysis between the USTW schemes and STW for exam question classification. The STW schemes used in this study are TF-ICF, TF-IDF-ICF, and TF-IDF-ICSDF, whereas the USTW schemes used for comparison are TF-IDF, ETF-IDF, and TFPOS-IDF. This study used Support Vector Machines (SVM), Na¨ıve Bayes (NB), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) to train the model. Accuracy and F1 score were used in this study to evaluate the classification result. The experiment result showed that overall, the STW scheme TF-ICF outperformed all the other schemes, followed by the USTW scheme ETF-IDF. Both the ETF-IDF and TFPOS-IDF outperformed standard TFIDF. The outcome of this study indicates the future research direction where the combination of STW and USTW schemes may increase the Accuracy of BT-based exam question classification.
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Wang, Yi, Bo Qin, Mao Chang Wu, Jian Song, Ping Zou, and Ming Hu. "A New Type of Cylindrical Travelling Wave USM." Advanced Materials Research 338 (September 2011): 656–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.338.656.
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In this paper, a new type of cylindral USM with two stators is researched. There is a brief analysis of the USM design including mechanical structure and driving circuits. Meanwhile the paper also introduces some of the experiment results of the USM tests.
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Sanwal, Rajiv, Kushal Joshi, Mihails Ditmans, Scott S. H. Tsai, and Warren L. Lee. "Ultrasound and Microbubbles for Targeted Drug Delivery to the Lung Endothelium in ARDS: Cellular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities." Biomedicines 9, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070803.
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by increased permeability of the alveolar–capillary membrane, a thin barrier composed of adjacent monolayers of alveolar epithelial and lung microvascular endothelial cells. This results in pulmonary edema and severe hypoxemia and is a common cause of death after both viral (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) and bacterial pneumonia. The involvement of the lung in ARDS is notoriously heterogeneous, with consolidated and edematous lung abutting aerated, less injured regions. This makes treatment difficult, as most therapeutic approaches preferentially affect the normal lung regions or are distributed indiscriminately to other organs. In this review, we describe the use of thoracic ultrasound and microbubbles (USMB) to deliver therapeutic cargo (drugs, genes) preferentially to severely injured areas of the lung and in particular to the lung endothelium. While USMB has been explored in other organs, it has been under-appreciated in the treatment of lung injury since ultrasound energy is scattered by air. However, this limitation can be harnessed to direct therapy specifically to severely injured lungs. We explore the cellular mechanisms governing USMB and describe various permutations of cargo administration. Lastly, we discuss both the challenges and potential opportunities presented by USMB in the lung as a tool for both therapy and research.
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Nakade, Makiko, Naomi Aiba, Akemi Morita, Motohiko Miyachi, Satoshi Sasaki, and Shaw Watanabe. "What Behaviors Are Important for Successful Weight Maintenance?" Journal of Obesity 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/202037.
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Purpose. To examine behavioral factors related to successful weight maintenance.Methods. Subjects were 90 middle-aged participants who attended a weight loss program and were followed for one year. The subjects were classified into either successful weight maintainers (maintained a weight loss of 5% or more from their initial weight for one year) (SWM) or unsuccessful weight maintainers (USWM), and weight control practice, stress, obstacles, support, and self-efficacy during the program and follow-up period were compared.Results. SWM had mean loss of 12% from their initial weight during the program. They showed a greater improvement in their regularity of eating, walked more, and felt less stress regarding their increased physical activity than the USWM. During the follow-up period, significantly more SWM participants had self-efficacy (for measuring weight, practicing dietary objective, and assessing the practice and keeping records), actually kept records and measured weight more than the USWM participants. In contrast, more USWM participants felt stress about measuring weight.Conclusion. In addition to a substantial initial weight loss due to an increased amount of physical activity, having a higher self-efficacy and consistently keeping records of one's activities, as well as regularly weighing themselves, may be important for successful weight maintenance.
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Joshi, Kushal, Rajiv Sanwal, Kelsie L. Thu, Scott S. H. Tsai, and Warren L. Lee. "Plug and Pop: A 3D-Printed, Modular Platform for Drug Delivery Using Clinical Ultrasound and Microbubbles." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 11 (November 19, 2022): 2516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112516.
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Targeted drug and gene delivery using ultrasound and microbubbles (USMB) has the potential to treat several diseases. In vitro investigation of USMB-mediated delivery is of prime importance prior to in vivo studies because it is cost-efficient and allows for the rapid optimization of experimental parameters. Most in vitro USMB studies are carried out with non-clinical, research-grade ultrasound systems, which are not approved for clinical use and are difficult to replicate by other labs. A standardized, low-cost, and easy-to-use in vitro experimental setup using a clinical ultrasound system would facilitate the eventual translation of the technology to the bedside. In this paper, we report a modular 3D-printed experimental setup using a clinical ultrasound transducer that can be used to study USMB-mediated drug delivery. We demonstrate its utility for optimizing various cargo delivery parameters in the HEK293 cell line, as well as for the CMT167 lung carcinoma cell line, using dextran as a model drug. We found that the proportion of dextran-positive cells increases with increasing mechanical index and ultrasound treatment time and decreases with increasing pulse interval (PI). We also observed that dextran delivery is most efficient for a narrow range of microbubble concentrations.