Academic literature on the topic 'Usine urbaine'
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Journal articles on the topic "Usine urbaine":
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Le Bihan, Yann, Paul Lessard, and Marc C. Lavoie. "Étude préliminaire sur l’utilisation d’essais biochimiques pour le suivi opérationnel d’une unité de biofiltration." Water Quality Research Journal 31, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 241–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1996.015.
Abstract:
Abstract L’applicabilité de tests biochimiques a été évaluée pour une éventuelle utilisation dans le cadre du suivi d’un procédé par biofiltration. Les eaux de lavage, issues de biofiltres d’une usine de la Communauté urbaine de Québec, ont été échantillonnées puis analysées pour certains tests biochimiques (déshydrogé-nase, adénosine triphosphate et hydrolases) et caractétistiques physico-chimiques. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les déshydrogénases et hydrolases pourraient servir comme outil de suivi et d’opération d’un biofiltre; ce qui ne semble pas le cas pour l’adénosine triphosphate. Une relation entre l’activité déshydrogénase et la performance du procédé, évaluée par le pourcentage d’enlèvement de la demande biochimique en oxygène a pu être établie. Différents types d’hydrolases, dont la présence semble reliée à la détérioration des performances du procédé, ont également été identifiés soit les (β-Glucosidase, (β-Glucuronidase, α-Galactosidase et une Estérase (pour les composés à 4 carbones). De plus, les résultats obtenus indiquent qu’il serait possible d’établir une prédiction de la performance variant entre 2 et 4 jours suivant l’essai biochimique.
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Kowasch, Matthias. "Le développement de l'industrie du nickel et la transformation de la valeur environnementale en NouvelleCalédonie." Journal of Political Ecology 19, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v19i1.21727.
Abstract:
Abstract:New Caledonia is characterized by cultural diversity, and human occupation of the territory is divided. A Melanesian, Kanak agrarian society (about 40% of the total population), and a largely urban society, of European and other origins (about 60%), co-inhabit a territory of approximately 19,000 km2. The duality of occupation is also shown in the juxtaposition of common and customary land laws. These are the result of a painful history of land dispossession during colonial times and restitution of some land to the Kanak from 1970. Kanak identity is built on the clan's history inscribed in a natural milieu where the environment, and land, has customary value, more than use value. New Caledonia has considerable mineral resources, especially nickel. Mining often creates conflict, as it raises the use value of land. Therefore, the establishment of a mine, refinery or industrial zone can often initiate assertions of clan ownership and land claims. Land rights are constantly updated, and can be renegotiated. The remodeling of the territory under mining pressures and new land allocations is a means for upward social mobility and prestige in Kanak society. These issues are demonstrated for the Federation "Djelawe" and two tribes (Oundjo and Baco) near the site of the future nickel ore processing plant and port (the Koniambo project) in the north of Grande Terre built by the local SMSP company and the Swiss Xstrata group. A discourse of environmental protection was used to restrain industrial activity but also to assert rights to clan land. But development pressures have also been used to achieve political control over land, and thus to increase clan recognition, and possible royalty payments. Thus, land claims are part of a game of prestige and power between clans and families. Socio-economic access to land, it emerges, is clearly more important in these cases than the protection of its bio-physical assets. Key words: New Caledonia, Kanak, land conflicts, nickel mining, regional development.Résumé:La Nouvelle-Calédonie se caractérise par une grande diversité culturelle, mais également par une dualité des espaces de vie. Une société agraire multiséculaire, d'origine kanak (environ 40% de la population totale), et une société majoritairement urbaine, d'origine européenne, mais largement métissée (environ 60% de la population totale), co-habitent sur un territoire d'environ 19,000 km2 qui possèdent des ressources minérales considérables, surtout en nickel. La dualité des espaces de vie se montre également dans la juxtaposition de terres soumises au droit commun et de terres soumises au droit coutumier. Ces dernières sont le fruit d'une histoire douloureuse de spoliations foncières lors de l'époque coloniale et de rétrocessions à partir des terres 1970. La perception territoriale de la population kanak s'oriente vers un modèle où la valeur patrimoniale prime sur la valeur d'usage, car l'identité kanak se construit sur l'histoire du groupe inscrit dans un environnement où tous les objets environnementaux possèdent une certaine valeur. La co-existence des lieux à forte valeur patrimoniale, les lieux sacrés, et une activité minière ou économique au sens large peut entraîner une transformation de la valeur et suscite souvent des conflits, car une légitimité foncière signifie un plus de prestige. De ce fait, la mise en place d'un projet économique – c'est-à-dire une mine, une usine métallurgique ou une zone industrielle – réveille souvent des revendications foncières. Ces revendications démontrent que les légitimités foncières sont en perpétuelle réactualisation et peuvent être renégociées. Le remodelage du territoire représente un moyen pour une ascension sociale au sein de la société kanak. Ces enjeux fonciers sont démontrés à l'exemple de la fédération « Djelawe » et de deux tribus (Oundjo et Baco) en proximité du site industriel de la future « usine du Nord », construite par un consortium de la SMSP locale et du groupe suisse Xstrata (projet Koniambo). Depuis un certain temps, la protection de l'environnement devient une préoccupation de plus en plus importante des acteurs locaux. Ce discours environnementaliste est cependant souvent instrumentalisé pour atteindre des objectifs « politico-fonciers »: une reconnaissance foncière et des royalties. Ainsi, les revendications foncières s'inscrivent dans un jeu de prestige et de pouvoir entre clans et familles. L'aspect socio-économique de l'environnement semble être clairement plus important que l'aspect bio-physique. Mots clés: Nouvelle-Calédonie, Kanak, les conflits fonciers, l'exploitation minière du nickel, du développement régional.
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Andrés López, Gonzalo. "Las ciudades medias industriales en España. Evolución histórica, proceso de urbanización y estructura urbana / The industrial medium size cities in Spain. Historical evolution, urbanization process and urban structure." Ería 1, no. 1 (May 13, 2019): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/er.1.2019.25-49.
Abstract:
La industria ha explicado en gran medida el desarrollo contemporáneo de las ciudades como agente económico impulsor del empleo y responsable de los grandes cambios sociales en la historia urbana. De acuerdo con esta función, las empresas y las fábricas han desarrollado una influencia decisiva en la configuración de la mayor parte de los espacios urbanos. Esta actividad ha sido también esencial en la evolución de las ciudades medias, con un proceso industrializador más tardío. Laevolución de la industria en la ciudad ha definido en gran medida la forma urbana de las actuales estructuras o, dicho de otro modo, el plano urbano de las ciudades medias españolas tiene una intensa relación con el proceso industrial contemporáneo. Esta contribución plantea una reflexión acerca de cómo se ha producido este proceso en las ciudades medias españolas, analizando la presencia de la industria en cada unade las etapas del proceso urbanizador contemporáneo.L’industrie a largement expliqué le développement contemporain des villes en tant qu’agent économique moteur de l’emploi et responsable des grands changements sociaux survenus dans l’histoire urbaine. Selon cette fonction, les entreprises et les usines ont développé une influence déterminante sur la configuration de la plupart des espaces urbains. Cette activité aégalement joué un rôle essentiel dans l’évolution des villes de taille moyenne, avec un processus d’industrialisation plus tardif. L’évolution de l’industrie de la ville a largement défini la forme urbaine des structures actuelles ou, en d’autres termes, le plan d’urbanisme des villes de taille moyenne en Espagne entretient une relation intense avec le processus industriel contemporain. Cette contribution soulève une réflexion sur la manière dont ce processus s’est déroulé dans les villes moyennes espagnoles, ainsi que sur la présence de l’industrie à chacune des étapes du processus d’urbanisation contemporain.The role of the industry has largely explained the contemporary development of cities as an economic agent for employment and being responsible for the great social changes in urban history. According to this function, companies and factories have developed a decisive influence on the configuration of most urban spaces. This activity has also been essential in the evolution of medium-sized cities, with a later industrialization process. The evolution of the industry in the city has largely defined the urban form of the current structures or, in other words, the urban plan of the Spanish medium cities has an intense relationship with the contemporary industrial process. This contribution raises a reflection about how this process has taken place in the Spanish middle cities, reflecting on the presence of industry in each of the stages of the contemporary urbanization process.
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Ali Ryanga, Sheila, and Rachel Wangari Maina. "La fiction urbaine contemporaine swahilie : quelques pistes." Études littéraires africaines, no. 31 (October 7, 2013): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1018745ar.
Abstract:
Kenyan literary writers in Swahili soon after independence dwelt mostly with rural setting. Most of the works dwelt on African social values and philosophy within work ethics and relationships. However, with the growth of industries in urban centers, the issue of rural urban migration arose. Many educated Kenyans moved to urban centers in search of jobs. To mirror this change in society, literary writers enriched their works by using both the rural and urban settings. This became a constant feature in the works of literary writers in Swahili. Some of these features include street life, life in the slums and pollution. This paper attempts to study how the urban setting is depicted in modern Kenyan Swahili literary texts. Realism theory as propagated by both Georg Lukács and Bertolt Brecht will be invoked during the analysis of the texts, specifically, how the urban genre developed, images used to depict urban life and centers, and establish the influence of this genre on Swahili literary writing as a whole.
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Acton, Karen S. "The Tale of Two Urban School Principals: Barriers, Supports, and Rewards." Alberta Journal of Educational Research 64, no. 3 (October 24, 2018): 304–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55016/ojs/ajer.v64i3.56464.
Abstract:
Urban schools in high-poverty communities face unique challenges. It is often the school principal who is tasked with addressing achievement gaps, low scores and students with high needs. Despite the importance and the difficulties of their role, the voices of many of these dedicated leaders are not often heard. This narrative inquiry shares the insights of two elementary principals in urban schools who recount the barriers, supports and rewards of their role. Using moral leadership as a theoretical framework, the findings of this study include a call for school boards to consider carefully the qualities and passions of their leaders when assigning principals to urban schools. Keywords: principal, moral leadership, high-poverty, urban schools, narrative inquiry Les écoles en milieux urbains avec des taux élevés de pauvreté font face à des défis uniques. Il revient souvent aux directeurs d’école de répondre aux écarts en matière de rendement, aux faibles résultats et aux élèves ayant des besoins élevés. Malgré l’importance et les difficultés de leur rôle, les voix de plusieurs de ces leaders dévoués ne se font pas souvent entendre. Cette enquête narrative présente les perspectives de deux directeurs d’écoles primaires urbaines qui racontent les obstacles, les supports et les récompenses qui les accompagnent dans leur rôle. Reposant sur le leadership moral comme cadre théorique, les résultats évoquent, entre autres, le besoin pour les conseils scolaires d’examiner soigneusement les qualités et les passions de leurs leaders lors de l’affectation des directeurs dans les écoles urbaines. Mots clés : directeur, leadership moral, taux élevé de pauvreté, écoles urbaines, enquête narrative
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Bernèche, Francine. "Immigration et espace urbain." Cahiers québécois de démographie 12, no. 2 (October 27, 2008): 295–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/600512ar.
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Résumé La population haïtienne compte parmi les groupes immigrés les plus récents de la région métropolitaine de Montréal. Dix fois plus nombreuse en 1981 qu’en 1971, cette population d’environ 30 000 personnes réside en majorité (80%) dans trois des quinze municipalités de la région montréalaise : Montréal-Nord, St-Léonard et Montréal. Afin d’identifier les causes et les mécanismes des regroupements de population haïtienne à l’intérieur de ces municipalités, une enquête a été menée au cours de l’été 1982 auprès de 152 ménages haïtiens résidant dans des zones de concentration. Les besoins de ces ménages en matière de logement diffèrent de ceux de l’ensemble des ménages vivant dans les mêmes zones : les ménages haïtiens se caractérisent par un nombre plus élevé de membres et par l’importance accrue des familles comptant des enfants à la maison, enfants qui sont aussi plus jeunes. Les logements qu’ils occupent se situent pour la plupart dans des immeubles à appartements, le plus souvent au sous-sol ou au second étage des bâtiments résidentiels; ce sont surtout des logements de taille moyenne (quatre ou cinq pièces), ce qui donne une densité d’occupation plus forte pour les ménages haïtiens que pour l’ensemble des ménages. La situation socio-économique de ces ménages leur impose également des contraintes particulières, puisque leurs membres actifs sont davantage concentrés dans un même secteur du marché du travail que ne l’est la population active des mêmes zones : les deux tiers sont ouvriers et ouvrières en usine. Ces caractéristiques situent donc la population haïtienne des zones d’enquête parmi les groupes sociaux désavantagés sur le marché du logement et les plus susceptibles d’être touchés par la crise actuelle.
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Frey, Jean-Pierre. "La domestication urbaine des commodités : Les modèles d'habitat des usines Schneider au Creusot." Les Annales de la recherche urbaine 53, no. 1 (1991): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/aru.1991.1638.
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Kenniff, Patrick. "Approche réglementaire de l'aménagement urbain." Les Cahiers de droit 18, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 797–832. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042194ar.
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This article is a modified version of a paper delivered at a Conference on the methodology of planning and development held at Trois-Rivières on May 19-20, 1977. Much of municipal control of urban development in Canada today is carried out through the regulatory process. Master plans, zoning, subdivision control and building by-laws are the mainstays of this system. In recent years, the legislatures of most Canadian provinces have incorporated in their respective Planning Acts certain mechanisms designed to improve the municipal regulatory response to the challenge of urban change. These mechanisms often appear to be needlessly complicated, whereas they are in fact designed to circumvent certain difficulties which are inherent in the classical regulatory system. The main objectives which these new mechanisms seek to attain are greater flexibility in the decision-making process, better phasing of development and increased public participation at all levels of planning and decision-making. This article concentrates on the law of the province of Québec, but reference is frequently made to the legislation of other Canadian jurisdictions in order to indicate which avenues might be followed in Québec in order to reform the law governing municipal planning by-laws. After a brief introduction, the second Part of this article is devoted to canvassing the principal legal rules governing municipal planning bylaws: first, with respect to by-laws in general; second, with respect to the extent of the limited powers delegated to municipalities; third, with respect to the adoption and amendment procedure for planning by-laws. The third Part is devoted to a comparative analysis of certain legal mechanisms some of which have become commonplace in other Canadian provinces but which remain largely untried in Quebec. These include minor variances, conditional uses, bonus zoning, site plan by-laws, contract zoning and development control. All of these techniques tend to favour greater flexibility in the administration of land-use planning. Other devices are more useful in seeking to achieve phased development. These include holding by-laws and the requirement that land be serviced before a building permit will issue (the latter technique has been in use in Quebec for many years and is authorized to a limited extent by statute). The article concludes by pointing out that some of the mechanisms canvassed would be of considerable use to town planners in Quebec and should be recognized by statute, preferably in the forthcoming Planning Bill which the present government has promised to introduce in the near future. Town planners should be wary of using them without such legislative sanction, however, because the Canadian courts, with limited exceptions such as in the case of holding by-laws, have struck down attempts by municipalities to step outside the limited statutory authority vested in them.
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Duboz, Marie-Line, and Julie Le Gallo. "Politique urbaine et politique de cohésion de l’UE : un lien à explorer." Économie appliquée 66, no. 2 (2013): 133–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecoap.2013.3637.
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The European budget for 2014-2020 grants a significant place to cities. In this context, the purpose of this paper aims at characterizing them in the light of the role they have been given by the cohesion policy in order to better understand what is at stake when reinforcing this policy in their favor. Based on a statistical study using data collected in the Urban Audit on European cities, we show that they do not present an homogeneous pattern of development and that East and West still differ when it comes to urbanization.
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Djiondo Ngongang, Rinelle, Lucie Angennes Djiotang Tchotchou, Boniface Elvis Ossombo, Brice Baudouin Sandjeu Wandjie, and André Lenouo. "Analyse météorologique de l'évolution temporelle du risque d'inondation à Douala (Cameroun)." La Météorologie, no. 113 (2021): 047. http://dx.doi.org/10.37053/lameteorologie-2021-0044.
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Cet article analyse l'évolution des inondations dans la ville de Douala à partir des méthodes permettant de calculer une valeur de débit maximum à l'aide des données météorologiques sur une période de 35 ans (1985-2019). Une base de données sur les inondations créée à l'aide d'informations issues de la presse montre que Douala est fréquemment inondée durant la saison des pluies par des systèmes précipitants en V associés à la mousson. On observe ainsi une augmentation du nombre d'inondations rapportées depuis les années 2010, qui semble corrélée avec l'évolution de l'emprise urbaine de la ville. Les zones urbaines inondées de façon récurrente sont le plus souvent les quartiers « informels » construits directement en zones inondables et dont l'accroissement est important depuis les années 1990. L'étude des inondations du 2 et 3 août 2000 à Douala indique qu'on avait une situation synoptique propice à de fortes précipitations. On peut par l'exemple noter que l'humidité relative était presque de 99 %, ce qui implique que l'air est saturé en eau avec une chute de température. L'intérêt de cette étude est de réduire la vulnérabilité en intégrant les populations et les décideurs au coeur des stratégies de développement et de gestion urbaine des risques liés aux aléas climatiques. This article analyzes the temporal evolution of flooding in the urban area of Douala using methods allowing to compute a maximum flow value using meteorological data over a period of 35 years (1985-2019). A flood database is created using information from the press showing that Douala is frequently flooded during the rainy season by V-shaped precipitating systems associated to the monsoon. We can thus observe an increase in the number of floods reported since the 2010s, which seems to be correlated with the evolution of the city's urban footprint. The recurrently flooded urban areas are most often informal neighbourhoods built directly in flood-prone areas and whose increase has been significant since the 1990s. The case study of the floods of August 2 and 3, 2000 in Douala indicates that there was a synoptic situation conducive to heavy rainfall. On the other hand, relative humidity is almost 99 % which requires the air to be saturated with water with a drop in temperature, which will cause a change of state. The purpose of this study is to reduce vulnerability by integrating populations and decision-makers at the heart of development strategies and urban risk management related to climatic hazards.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Usine urbaine":
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Lefort, Anne-Cécile. "L' usine en périphérie urbaine 1860-1920 : Histoire des établissements classés en proche banlieue parisienne." Paris, CNAM, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CNAM0416.
Abstract:
Dans la seconde moitié du XIXè siècle, la banlieue parisienne a été touchée par un brutal développement de l'industrie. Sous une forte pression démographique, le proche quart Nord-Est s'est urbanisé, hors des structures d'aménagement ou d'organisation du territoire. Nombre d'industries pratiquaient des activités dites classées, relevant de la réglementation instituée le 15 octobre 1810. Ce régime légal, en vigueur pendant plus de 150 ans, a été mis en oeuvre d'une manière très spécifique dans le département de la Seine. L'Etat et les autorités préfectorales l'utilisèrent afin dé́vacuer fonctions insalubres ou encombrantes de la capitale. Les ambitions de la ville se réalisèrent au détriment de sa périphérie, notamment de Saint-Denis, Aubervilliers, Saint-Ouen et Pantin. L'arrivée massive d'usines insalubres a bouleversé les espaces du quart Nord-Est. A partir de 1880, la banlieue a protesté contre cette situation. Sa détermination s'accompgna de la prise de conscience de son identitéIn the second half of the 19th century, the inner parisian suburb has been touched by a brutal development of industry. Under the weight of a strong demographic pressure, the inner north-east outskirt got violently urbanized, without physical planing or territorial organization. A large part of suburbanite industries produced classified goods coming under regulation established by the 15th october 1810 decree. This regulation has been enforcing for more than hundred fifty years. This regulation has been implemented in a specific way in the department of Seine. State and departmental authorities used it in order to discharge insalubrius activities and undesirable productions out of the capital. Prestigious parisian ambitions came true to the detriment of inner suburb. The north-east quarter received all kinds of productions needed by Paris and saw it landscape changing gradually. The inner suburb has been reacting to the situation little by little and denouncing it since 1880
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Ijassi, Walid. "Usines urbaines - caractérisation et circularité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALI014.
Abstract:
La demande de biens manufacturés ne cesse de croitre en zones urbaines, en particulier en raison de l'évolution rapide et continue de la population urbaine. Mais aujourd’hui, la plupart des usines se situent hors des zones urbaines, voire hors de nos frontières, entrainant des problématiques de transport et limitant la circularité des biens. Dans ce contexte, le concept d'usines urbaines a été introduit en 2016. Il propose un modèle d'usine située à l'intérieur des zones urbaines qui exploite les ressources et les parties prenantes locales pour créer de la valeur de manière soutenable.Cette thèse vise à proposer une méthode pour améliorer la soutenabilité des usines urbaines.Pour cela, nous avons tout d’abord proposé une méthode de caractérisation des usines urbaine au travers d’une revue systématique de la littérature et d’études de cas, que nous avons confronté à un modèle de chaîne de valeur. Des variables clés ont été identifiées et utilisées pour caractériser les modèles d’usines urbaines soutenables. La méthode de caractérisation a été testée dans la zone urbaine de Grenoble en considérant 46 usines urbaines. Une analyse en composantes principales des variables a ainsi permis de dégager 16 profils d’usines urbaines à Grenoble.Nous avons ensuite proposé une base de données de bonnes pratiques, afin d’amener à des solutions d’usines urbaines qui pourront mieux valoriser les déchets urbains au travers de stratégies circulaires. Nous avons ainsi proposé une méthode de conception pour la circularité basée sur les principes de la conception systémique, et couvrant diverses stratégies circulaires. Des ateliers ont été mis en place pour tester la méthode de conception. Un cas d’étude sur une usine urbaine à Grenoble a été présentée dans cette thèse pour illustrer la contribution de la méthode à améliorer sa soutenabilité.Afin de valoriser cette démarche et de diffuser le concept d’usine urbaine soutenable, nous avons mis en place un jeu de rôle que nous avons testé avec des élèves ingénieursThe demand for manufactured goods continues to grow in urban areas, particularly due to the rapid and continuous evolution of the urban population. However, today, most factories are located outside urban areas, and sometimes even beyond national borders, leading to transportation issues and limiting the circularity of goods. In this context, the concept of urban factories was introduced in 2016. It proposes a model of factories located inside urban areas that leverage local resources and stakeholders to create value in a sustainable way.This thesis aims to propose a method to improve the sustainability of urban factories.To achieve this, we first proposed a characterization method for urban factories through a systematic literature review and case studies, which we confronted with a value chain model. Key variables were identified and used to characterize sustainable urban factory models. The characterization method was tested in the urban area of Grenoble, with the participation of 46 urban factories. Principal component analysis of the variables revealed 16 profiles of urban factories in Grenoble.We then proposed a database of best practices to lead to solutions for urban factories that can better valorize urban waste through circular strategies. We introduced a circularity design method based on the principles of systemic design, that covers various circular strategies. Workshops were conducted to test the design method. A case study on an urban factory in Grenoble was presented in this thesis to illustrate the contribution of the method to improving its sustainability.To promote this approach and disseminate the concept of sustainable urban factories, we implemented a roleplay approach that was tested with engineering students
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Terral, Roméo. "La rénovation urbaine de Pointe-à-Pitre du départ de Félix Eboué (1938) à la fermeture de l'usine Darboussier (1981)." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0615/document.
Abstract:
La rénovation urbaine de Pointe-à-Pitre (1961-1981) fut l'une des plus vastes jamais menée en France entre 1961 et 1981 et la première programmée en outre-mer. Elle avait pour but de répondre à la crise du logement et de réhabiliter des quartiers de cases insalubres qui s'étaient étendus de façon non maîtrisée sur des marécages situés autour de la ville. Cette rénovation urbaine ne fut pas simplement une opération d'aménagement car elle servit de front pionnier et de laboratoire aux acteurs de la composition urbaine en outre-mer par la mise en place d'organismes publics à qui l'État confia une compétence fonctionnelle pour aménager le territoire. A cette occasion furent introduits en Guadeloupe, une nouvelle architecture et un nouvel urbanisme retlet de la modernitéUrban renewal of Pointe-à-Pitre (1961-1981) was one of the 1argcstever conducted in France during the years (1961- . 1981) and the fust programmed overseas territories. 1'0 respond to the housing crisis and renovate parts of unhealthy ceUsthat had spread in an uncontroUed manner on wetlands located around the city it was intended to. Urban renewal was not simply a development operations because it served as a frontier laboratory and the actors of the urban composition overseas by sctting up public bodies to which the State gave a functional competence develop the territory. On this occasion were introduced in Guadeloupe, a new architecture and new urbanism reflection of modernity
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Wilkinson, David M. "Modelling light attenuation by urban trees." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316648.
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Defrocourt, Stéphane. "Automatisation d'un poste de pontier dans une usine d'incinération d'ordures ménagères." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMP783S.
Abstract:
L’incinération des ordures ménagères est un problème d'actualité. Elle s'effectue dans des usines spécialisées (UIOM) capables de réceptionner de nombreux camions qui déversent des déchets dans une fosse avant leur incinération dans des fours. Le pontier est l'ouvrier chargé d'organiser l'accueil des camions ainsi que l'alimentation des fours. Le but de cette thèse est l'étude de l'automatisation d'un tel poste. Nous nous sommes intéressés aux différents problèmes scientifiques que pose une telle réalisation, notamment le système de perception d'un tel automate. Dans ce mémoire, nous abordons trois points importants et innovants qui ont en commun d'avoir trait à la vision par ordinateur. La cartographie d'une fosse UIOM avec des contraintes de volume et de temps d'obtention, la surveillance des trémies de fours via un écran relié à une camera de surveillance, l'estimation du pouvoir calorifique des déchets présents dans la fosse par analyse de texture
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BARBOSA, Gustavo de Souza. "A Usina Central Barreiros e as implicações socioeconômicas no espaço urbano de Barreiros, Pernambuco." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/11013.
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license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-06T12:10:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Gustavo de Souza Barbosa.pdf: 2669298 bytes, checksum: e777516c93926ae903907beda421ae36 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-26
O trabalho aborda as implicações socioeconômicas no espaço urbano do município de Barreiros, Pernambuco, a partir da atividade sucroalcooleira desenvolvida pela sua principal indústria, a Usina Central Barreiros, considerando tanto seu período de funcionamento quanto os anos posteriores ao seu fechamento. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como um estudo de caso baseado no método materialista dialético sendo realizada a partir da análise de dados obtidos por meio de documentação indireta através de pesquisa documental em leis e da pesquisa bibliográfica em livros, artigos, periódicos, monografias, dissertações, teses, documentos e sites oficiais de órgãos governamentais, assim como a partir da análise baseada em documentação direta obtida em visita ao município e por meio da realização de entrevistas com os moradores da zona urbana. Como resultado constata-se que a atividade açucareira durante grande parte do século XX mostrou-se de extrema importância para o ritmo econômico e social de Barreiros sendo responsável, contraditoriamente, pelas mais importantes transformações e permanências observadas no espaço urbano e na vida de seus habitantes. Conclui-se que a atividade imprimiu significativas mudanças no espaço urbano municipal, sobretudo no âmbito das edificações e no cotidiano de seus habitantes influenciando diretamente tanto a qualidade quanto o ritmo de vida destes. Com o encerramento das atividades da indústria sucroalcooleira associada a demais alterações relacionadas ao contexto estadual e mesmo nacional o município vem apresentando no espaço urbano importante modificação em sua estrutura socioeconômica.
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Thaumaturgo, Leila Regina Youssef [UNESP]. "A expansão urbana e o crescimento populaconal em áreas do entorno de grandes reservatórios: o caso de Foz do Iguaçu." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106437.
Abstract:
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thaumaturgo_lry_dr_guara.pdf: 2435356 bytes, checksum: dc4ce1e0ab1f00d01b6b1386cf1d733f (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Para atender a demanda energética de um país em desenvolvimento como o Brasil, considerando a sua diversidade regional, uma das alternativas é implantar várias usinas hidrelétricas de médio e grande porte para a produção de energia limpa e renovável. A implantação da usina de Itaipu foi necessária para cobrir o déficit de produção de energia no país. Porém a implantação e a operação da usina causam significativos impactos de natureza socioambiental. Na década de 70, o município de Foz do Iguaçu não estava preparado para receber a massa trabalhadora para a construção da usina. Sem infraestrutura e planejamento urbano, Foz do Iguaçu foi extremamente impactada com o elevado crescimento demográfico e alto índice de urbanização. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivos realizar levantamento histórico da implantação da usina hidrelétrica de Itaipu, avaliar a formação da cidade com base na dinâmica populacional e avaliar a expansão da malha urbana, considerando o período de 1960 a 2007. Durante o período de 1960 a 2007, o município de Foz do Iguaçu passou por grandes transformações tais como: redução da área territorial em 14,91 %, crescimento populacional na ordem de 920,12 % e crescimento da malha urbana 10.520,00 %. Por outro lado o município recebeu da Itaipu compensações financeiras na ordem de US$ 190,54 milhões Em face dos atuais problemas que o município vem enfrentando na área social, como favelização crescente, elevados índices de violência e déficit de moradia e alto índice de desemprego. Impactos socioambientais podem ser minimizados se aplicado ferramentas adequadas de gestão publica nos municípios situados na área do entorno do reservatório
To reach the energy demands of a developing country, an alternative is to implant several large production hydroelectric plants for the production of clean and renewable energy, such as Itaipu hydroelectric plant. The construction of this plant caused significant environmental and social impacts in the Western region of Paraná State, mainly in the Foz do Iguazu County. In the 1970’s, the city was not prepared to receive the large numbers of workers for the plant’s construction, which arrive in Foz do Iguazu from different regions of Brazil. Without infrastructure and urban planning, the town of Foz do Iguazu was highly impacted due to the elevated population growth and the high rate of urbanization. Therefore, this thesis has as main goals to undertake a historical survey of implementation of the Itaipu hydroelectric plant, to analyze the population growth and the expansion of the urban area of the Foz do Iguazu town considering the period between 1960 and 2007. During this period, Foz do Iguazu County has suffered several changes such as: reduction of its surface area of 14,91%, population growth of 920,12% and growth of urban area of 10.520,00 %. On the other hand, the county has received financial compensation in the order of US$ 263 million. Despite receiving these funds, the county has been facing problems in the social area, such as growing slums, high levels of violence, large housing deficit and high unemployment rate. Social impacts can be minimized if applied appropriate tools for managing public administration in the counties situated around the reservoir
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Thaumaturgo, Leila Regina Youssef. "A expansão urbana e o crescimento populaconal em áreas do entorno de grandes reservatórios : o caso de Foz do Iguaçu." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106437.
Abstract:
Orientador: Silvio Jorge Coelho SimõesCoorientador: Isabel Cristina de Barros Trannin
Banca: Pedro Magalhães Sobrinho
Banca: Luiz Roberto Carrocci
Banca: Sueli Yoshinaga Pereira
Banca: Marcelo dos Santos Targa
Resumo: Para atender a demanda energética de um país em desenvolvimento como o Brasil, considerando a sua diversidade regional, uma das alternativas é implantar várias usinas hidrelétricas de médio e grande porte para a produção de energia limpa e renovável. A implantação da usina de Itaipu foi necessária para cobrir o déficit de produção de energia no país. Porém a implantação e a operação da usina causam significativos impactos de natureza socioambiental. Na década de 70, o município de Foz do Iguaçu não estava preparado para receber a massa trabalhadora para a construção da usina. Sem infraestrutura e planejamento urbano, Foz do Iguaçu foi extremamente impactada com o elevado crescimento demográfico e alto índice de urbanização. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivos realizar levantamento histórico da implantação da usina hidrelétrica de Itaipu, avaliar a formação da cidade com base na dinâmica populacional e avaliar a expansão da malha urbana, considerando o período de 1960 a 2007. Durante o período de 1960 a 2007, o município de Foz do Iguaçu passou por grandes transformações tais como: redução da área territorial em 14,91 %, crescimento populacional na ordem de 920,12 % e crescimento da malha urbana 10.520,00 %. Por outro lado o município recebeu da Itaipu compensações financeiras na ordem de US$ 190,54 milhões Em face dos atuais problemas que o município vem enfrentando na área social, como favelização crescente, elevados índices de violência e déficit de moradia e alto índice de desemprego. Impactos socioambientais podem ser minimizados se aplicado ferramentas adequadas de gestão publica nos municípios situados na área do entorno do reservatório
Abstract: To reach the energy demands of a developing country, an alternative is to implant several large production hydroelectric plants for the production of clean and renewable energy, such as Itaipu hydroelectric plant. The construction of this plant caused significant environmental and social impacts in the Western region of Paraná State, mainly in the Foz do Iguazu County. In the 1970's, the city was not prepared to receive the large numbers of workers for the plant's construction, which arrive in Foz do Iguazu from different regions of Brazil. Without infrastructure and urban planning, the town of Foz do Iguazu was highly impacted due to the elevated population growth and the high rate of urbanization. Therefore, this thesis has as main goals to undertake a historical survey of implementation of the Itaipu hydroelectric plant, to analyze the population growth and the expansion of the urban area of the Foz do Iguazu town considering the period between 1960 and 2007. During this period, Foz do Iguazu County has suffered several changes such as: reduction of its surface area of 14,91%, population growth of 920,12% and growth of urban area of 10.520,00 %. On the other hand, the county has received financial compensation in the order of US$ 263 million. Despite receiving these funds, the county has been facing problems in the social area, such as growing slums, high levels of violence, large housing deficit and high unemployment rate. Social impacts can be minimized if applied appropriate tools for managing public administration in the counties situated around the reservoir
Doutor
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Tian, Geng. "Analysis of the unsteady boundary-layer flow over urban-like canopy using large eddy simulation." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0062/document.
Abstract:
L’urbanisation croissante fait émerger des enjeux sociétaux et environnementaux relatifs à la pollution atmosphérique et au microclimat urbain. La compréhension des phénomènes physiques de transport de quantité de mouvement, de chaleur et de masse entre la canopée urbaine et la couche limite atmosphérique est primordiale pour évaluer et anticiper les impacts négatifs de l’urbanisation. Les processus turbulents spécifiques à la couche limite urbaine sont étudiés par une approche de simulation des grandes échelles, dans une configuration urbaine représentée par un arrangement de cubes en quinconce. Le modèle de sous-maille de type Smagorinsky dynamique est implémenté pour mieux prendre en compte l’hétérogénéité de l’écoulement et les retours d’énergie des petites vers les grandes structures. Le nombre de Reynolds basé sur la hauteur du domaine et la vitesse de l’écoulement libre est de 50000. L’écoulement est résolu dans les sous-couches visqueuses et le maillage est raffiné dans la canopée. Le domaine est composé de 28 millions de cellules. Les résultats sont comparés à la littérature et aux données récentes obtenues dans la soufflerie du LHEEA. Chaque contribution au bilan d’énergie cinétique turbulente est calculée directement en tout point. Cette information, rare dans la littérature, permet d’étudier les processus dans la sous couche rugueuse. Grâce à ces résultats 3D, l’organisation complexe de l’écoulement moyen (recirculations, vorticité, points singuliers) est analysée en relation avec la production de turbulence. Enfin, une simulation où les obstacles sont remplacés par une force de traînée équivalente est réalisée à des fins d’évaluation de cette approcheThe rapid development of urbanization raises social and environmental challenges related to air pollution and urban climate. Understanding the physical processes of momentum, heat, and mass exchanges between the urban canopy and the atmospheric boundary-layer is a key to assess,predict and prevent negative impacts of urbanization. The turbulent processes occurring in the urban boundary-layer are investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The unsteady flow over an urban-like canopy modelled by a staggered arrangement of cubes is simulated using large eddy simulation (LES). Considering the highspatial and temporal in homogeneity of the flow, a dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model is implemented in the code to allow energyback scatter from small to large scales. The Reynolds number based on the domain height and free-stream velocity is 50000. The near-wall viscous sub-layers are resolved and the grid is refined in the canopy resulting in about 28 million grid cells. LES results are assessed by comparison with literature and data recently acquired in the wind tunnel of the LHEEA. The turbulent kinetic energy budget in which all contributions are independently computed is investigated. These rarely available data are used to analyse the turbulent processes in the urban canopy. By taking advantage of the three-dimensionality of the simulated flow, the complex 3D time-averaged organization of the flow (recirculation, vorticesor singular points) is analyzed in relation with production of turbulence. Finally a drag approach where obstacles are replaced by an equivalent drag force is implemented in the same domain and results are compared to obstacle-resolved data
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Gamez, serna Citlalli. "Towards visual urban scene understanding for autonomous vehicle path tracking using GPS positioning data." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCA004/document.
Abstract:
Cette thèse de doctorat s’intéresse au suivi de trajectoire basé sur la perception visuelle et la localisation en milieu urbain. L'approche proposée comprend deux systèmes. Le premier concerne la perception de l'environnement. Cette tâche est effectuée en utilisant des techniques d'apprentissage profond pour extraire automatiquement les caractéristiques visuelles 2D et utiliser ces derniers pour apprendre à distinguer les différents objets dans les scénarios de conduite. Trois techniques d'apprentissage approfondi sont adoptées : la segmentation sémantique pour assigner chaque pixel d’une image à une classe, la segmentation d'instance pour identifier les instances séparées de la même classe et la classification d'image pour reconnaître davantage les étiquettes spécifiques des instances. Ici, notre système considère 15 classes d'objets et reconnaît les panneaux de signalisation. Le deuxième système fait référence au suivi de chemin numérisé. Dans un premier temps, le véhicule équipé enregistre d'abord l'itinéraire avec un système de vision stéréo et un récepteur GPS (étape d'apprentissage ou numérisation du chemin). Ensuite, le système proposé analyse hors ligne la trajectoire GPS et identifie exactement les emplacements des courbes dangereuses (brusques) et les limitation de vitesse via les données visuelles. Enfin, une fois que le véhicule est capable de se localiser lui-même durant la phase de suivi de chemin, le module de contrôle du véhicule piloté avec notre algorithme de négociation de vitesse, prend en compte les informations extraites et calcule la vitesse idéale à exécuter. Grâce aux résultats expérimentaux des deux systèmes, nous prouvons que le premier est capable de détecter et de reconnaître précisément les objets d'intérêt dans les scénarios urbains, tandis que le suivi de trajectoire réduit significativement les erreurs latérales entre le trajet appris et le trajet parcouru. Nous soutenons que la fusion des deux systèmes améliorera le suivi de chemin pour prévenir les accidents ou assurer la conduite autonomeThis PhD thesis focuses on developing a path tracking approach based on visual perception and localization in urban environments. The proposed approach comprises two systems. The first one concerns environment perception. This task is carried out using deep learning techniques to automatically extract 2D visual features and use them to learn in order to distinguish the different objects in the driving scenarios. Three deep learning techniques are adopted: semantic segmentation to assign each image pixel to a class, instance segmentation to identify separated instances of the same class and, image classification to further recognize the specific labels of the instances. Here our system segments 15 object classes and performs traffic sign recognition. The second system refers to path tracking. In order to follow a path, the equipped vehicle first travels and records the route with a stereo vision system and a GPS receiver (learning step). The proposed system analyses off-line the GPS path and identifies exactly the locations of dangerous (sharp) curves and speed limits. Later after the vehicle is able to localize itself, the vehicle control module together with our speed negotiation algorithm, takes into account the information extracted and computes the ideal speed to execute. Through experimental results of both systems, we prove that, the first one is capable to detect and recognize precisely objects of interest in urban scenarios, while the path tracking one reduces significantly the lateral errors between the learned and traveled path. We argue that the fusion of both systems will ameliorate the tracking approach for preventing accidents or implementing autonomous driving
Books on the topic "Usine urbaine":
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Carley, Michael. Using information for sustainable urban regeneration. Edinburgh: Scottish Homes, Research and Innovation Services, 1995.
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Geological Survey (U.S.). National Mapping Division, ed. Creating urban data using AVHRR thermal-infrared data. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, National Mapping Division, 1994.
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Ticehurst, Catherine. Development of models for monitoring the urban environment using radar remote sensing. Sydney, NSW, Australia: School of Geomatic Engineering, University of New South Wales, 1998.
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Conchas, Gilberto Q. Small schools and urban youth: Using the power of school culture to engage students. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, 2008.
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White, Margaret. Using the SBA 504 program as a local economic development tool. Washington, D.C. (1730 K St., N.W., Suite 915, Washington 20006): National Council for Urban Economic Development, 1995.
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United States. National Credit Union Administration. Office of Community Development Credit Unions., ed. "Using the Internet to serve the underserved.". Alexandria, Va. (1775 Duke Street, Alexandria 22314): National Credit Union Administration, Office of Community Development Credit Unions, 2000.
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Kaplan, Sandra N. Using the parallel curriculum model in urban settings, grades K-8. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Corwin Press, 2009.
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Niesenson, Lisa. Using smart growth techniques as stormwater best management practices. Washington, D.C: United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2005.
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Franklin, Joel P. The prioritization of mobility improvements using a multicriteria prioritization algorithm: Final report. Salem, OR: Oregon Dept. of Transportation, Research Unit, 1998.
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Company, Practitioners Publishing. Performing HUD audits using the PPC guide. Forth Worth, Tex: PPC, 2002.
Book chapters on the topic "Usine urbaine":
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Kumar, Narendar. "Urban Flood Management." In Urban Flood Mitigation Strategies Using Geo Spatial Tools, 72–86. London: Routledge India, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003428855-5.
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Weissenrieder, Daniel. "Impact of platforms on urban space." In Exploring Platform Urbanism Using Counter-Mapping, 39–55. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-40648-6_4.
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Xiang, Chaocan, Panlong Yang, Fu Xiao, and Xiaochen Fan. "Environmental Protection Application: Urban Pollution Monitoring." In Multi-dimensional Urban Sensing Using Crowdsensing Data, 95–111. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9006-9_4.
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Xiang, Chaocan, Panlong Yang, Fu Xiao, and Xiaochen Fan. "Urban Traffic Application: Traffic Volume Prediction." In Multi-dimensional Urban Sensing Using Crowdsensing Data, 113–50. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9006-9_5.
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Despommier, Dickson. "Vertical Farming Using Hydroponics and Aeroponics." In Urban Soils, 313–28. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2017. | Series: Advances in soil science: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315154251-15.
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Phithakkitnukoon, Santi. "Inferring and Modeling Migration Flows Using Mobile Phone CDR Data." In Urban Informatics Using Mobile Network Data, 75–101. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6714-6_4.
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Phithakkitnukoon, Santi. "Analysis of Weather Effects on People’s Daily Activity Patterns Using Mobile Phone GPS Data." In Urban Informatics Using Mobile Network Data, 161–81. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6714-6_7.
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Phithakkitnukoon, Santi. "Inferring Passenger Travel Demand Using Mobile Phone CDR Data." In Urban Informatics Using Mobile Network Data, 17–43. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6714-6_2.
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Phithakkitnukoon, Santi. "The Overview of Mobile Network Data-Driven Urban Informatics." In Urban Informatics Using Mobile Network Data, 1–15. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6714-6_1.
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Phithakkitnukoon, Santi. "Modeling Trip Distribution Using Mobile Phone CDR Data." In Urban Informatics Using Mobile Network Data, 45–73. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6714-6_3.
Conference papers on the topic "Usine urbaine":
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Prudente, Letícia Thurmann. "Interface rural-urbana no planejamento territorial: caso do Assentamento Rural Marapicú na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6229.
Abstract:
O território contemporâneo é complexo e repleto de conflitos entre diferentes agentes produtores de espaço, principalmente em espaços de interface rural-urbana. Os conceitos de rural e urbano foram historicamente construídos a través de definições que priorizaram o urbano e desconsideraram o rural, promovendo uma visão urbano-centrada no planejamento territorial no Brasil. Oartigo objetiva analisar o papel de um assentamento rural como um espaço de interface rural-urbana dentro de uma região metropolitana brasileira, usando como estudo de caso o Assentamento Marapicú, localizado no periurbano da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. São apresentadas algumas questões conceituais e descrito o processo de ocupação e de planejamento desse território.São múltiplas as facetas do rural, do urbano e suas interfaces, contudo ainda há uma visão homogeneizada de território no Brasil. A proposta é ampliar este debate, explicitando os conflitos de uso e ocupação do solo na produção do espaço. The contemporary territory is complex and full of conflicts between different agents producing space, mainly in areas of rural-urban interface. The rural and urban concepts were historically constructed through settings that prioritized the urban space and disregarded rural space, promoting an urban-centric view in territorial planning in Brazil. This study analyzes the role of a rural settlement as a rural-urban interface space within a Brazilian metropolitan region, using as a case study the settlement Marapicú, located in the peri-urbans paces of the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro. Some conceptual issues are presented and described the process of occupation and planning that territory. There are multiple facets of rural, urban and their interfaces, however there is still a homogenized view of territory in Brazil. The proposal is to extend this debate, explaining conflicts of use and occupation in the production of space.
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Talenti, Simona. "Visions “humaines” ou “infernales”: les moyens de transport et la perception de la ville chez Le Corbusier." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.821.
Abstract:
Résumé: Les représentations des villes depuis la mer ont eu, à partir du XVe siècle, un grand succès dans l’iconographie urbaine des voyageurs. Depuis 1911, Le Corbusier a pris l’habitude d’esquisser dans ses carnets de croquis les paysages urbains découverts au cours de son voyage en Orient. Villes, remparts ou monuments significatifs sont souvent représentés depuis la mer ou les fleuves, car l'arrivée en bateau autorise une perception progressive et globale du site. Suite à son séjour en Amérique du sud en 1929, l'architecte exprime ouvertement son appréciation pour la perspective obtenue depuis le bateau au milieu des baies, car ce point de vue lui permet de contextualiser immédiatement ses propositions d’aménagement urbain. De simple connaissance des villes, cette pratique iconographique devient, chez Le Corbusier, un instrument d’élaboration du projet. Mais la vue horizontale est bientôt accompagnée du procédé de survol des centres urbains pour appréhender la grandeur du paysage naturel et construit. À travers l’analyse des nombreuses images – dessins, croquis, photos – élaborées par Le Corbusier à partir des différents moyens de transport, ainsi que des commentaires accompagnant ces documents iconographiques et de quelques textes publiés, on essayera de mieux comprendre le rapport entre l’échelle de ces visions panoramiques et la nouvelle approche territoriale mise au point par Le Corbusier à partir des années Trente. Abstract: The representations of cities viewed from the sea have had, since the fifteenth century, a great success in urban iconography. From 1911, Le Corbusier began drawing urban landscapes in his sketchbooks, which he discovered during his trip to the Orient. Cities, fortifications or significant monuments are often depicted from the sea or rivers, because the arrival by boat allows a gradual and overall perception of the site. After his stay in South America in 1929, the architect openly expressed his appreciation for the panoramic view obtained from the boat in the middle of the bay. This point of view allows him to contextualize his urban development proposals immediately. This iconographic practice is no longer a simple function of knowledge, but it has become an instrument for realising the project. However, the horizontal view was soon accompanied by the process of flying over urban centres to understand the magnitude of the man-made and natural landscape. Through the analysis of the many images – drawings, sketches, photos – developed by Le Corbusier using different means of transport, of comments accompanying these iconographic documents and of some published texts, the paper aims to better understand the relationship between the scale of these panoramic visions and the new territorial approach developed by Le Corbusier from the Thirties onwards. Mots clés: moyens de transport; avion; bateau. Keywords: means of transport; airplane; boat DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.821
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Leković, Milica. "Urbanismo del miedo y representacion distópica de las ciudades." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6143.
Abstract:
El presente artículo explora como se reflejaba el miedo en la cultura popular y como influía en el planeamiento urbano a lo largo de la historia contemporánea. Mediante el análisis de los imaginarios urbanos a lo largo de los siglos XX y XXI, intentaremos averiguar cómo el planteamiento urbano se ha visto afectado por los miedos sobre un futuro incierto y apocalíptico. A través de un acercamiento teórico-conceptual e histórico-formal, abarcaremos algunos sujetos que comparten el planeamiento urbanístico y las representaciones cinematográficas de la ciudad: el modernismo, el paradigma campo-ciudad, antiurbanismo, la fragmentación y segregación espacial, la remodelación urbana y, por último, resiliencia y smart cities. This article explores how fear is reflected in popular culture and the ways it influenced urban planning throughout modern history. By analysing the urban imaginary throughout the XX and XXI centuries, we will try to find out how has urban planning been affected by fears of uncertain and apocalyptic future. Using theoretical-conceptual and historical-formal approaches, we will cover some topics that urban planning and cinematic representations of the city have in common, such as modernism, urban-rural paradigm, anti-urbanism, fragmentation and spatial segregation, urban renewal and finally, resilient and smart cities.
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Polidori, Maurício, Otávio Peres, and Fernanda Tomiello. "Simulação de crescimento urbano, ambiente natural, fragmentação e futuro das cidades." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6271.
Abstract:
O trabalho propõe a geração de cenários de futuro para a cidade, através do modelo dinâmico de
simulação de crescimento urbano denominado CityCell – Urban Growth Simulator, o qual é dedicado a
simular crescimento urbano considerando integradamente fatores urbanos, naturais e institucionais,
representados e modelados utilizando integradamente grafos, autômato celular e geotecnologias. O
modelo permite livre entrada de dados descritivos do ambiente e diversas possibilidades de regulagem
e parametrização. Simulações em Pelotas, RS, Brasil, mediante a comparação de um tipo de crescimento
denominado “tradicional” e outro “sustentável”, permitem indicar que formas de crescimento urbano
mais fragmentadas podem consumir seletivamente o espaço não urbanizado, facilitando a presença
simultânea de zonas urbanizadas com zonas onde aparecem atributos naturais, chegando ao
final da simulação com maior potencial de crescimento, isto é, com maiores chances de continuar crescendo,
o que pode estar associado à sustentabilidade urbana. The paper proposes the generation of future scenarios for the city, through the dynamic model of urban
growth simulation called CityCell - Urban Growth Simulator, which is dedicated to simulate urban growth
considering an integrated urban factors, natural and institutional represented and modeled using an
integrated graphs, cellular automata and geotechnology. The model allows free entry of descriptive environmental
data and various possibilities for adjustment and parameter setting. Simulations Pelotas,
Brazil, by comparing one type of growth called "traditional" and other "sustainable", allow to indicate
what forms of fragmented urban growth can selectively consume space undeveloped, facilitating the
simultaneous presence of urbanized areas and areas with natural attributes, coming to the end of the
simulation with greater growth potential, that is most likely to continue to grow, which may be related to
urban sustainability.
5
Furlan, Katuana Varela, Carolina Rocha Carvalho, and Rafael Prado Cartana. "Avaliação da insolação e distribuição da radiação solar no ambiente urbano de Balneário Camboriú." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6279.
Abstract:
Apesar das prementes demandas ambientais contemporâneas, o planejamento urbano vigente das áreas centrais de grande parte das cidades brasileiras apresenta insuficientes considerações relativas ao conforto ambiental, principalmente no que se refere à ocupação do solo, gabaritos e afastamentos. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a insolação e o sombreamento gerado pelas edificações no ambiente urbano de Balneário Camboriú através do uso de Máscaras de Sombra e análises de radiação solar incidente nas fachadas. Como metodologia: utilizando o aplicativo Autodesk Ecotect Analysis, foram geradas Máscaras de Sombras de uma região urbana representativa da morfologia da área central da cidade, complementarmente, foram simulados valores de radiação incidente nas fachadas de edificações desta região. Como principal resultado, pode-se observar que a morfologia urbana resultante da aplicação da legislação na área central da cidade resulta em situações prejudiciais à adequada insolação e iluminação natural das edificações e espaços urbanos. Despite the pressing contemporary environmental demands, the current urban planning of the central areas of most Brazilian cities, make insufficient considerations relating to environmental comfort, especially regarding to land use, spacing and height of the buildings. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the insolation and shading generated by buildings in the urban environment of Balneário Camboriú through the use of shading masks and solar radiation analysis on the facades. The methodology: using the software Autodesk Ecotect Analysis, shading masks were generated representing the urban morphology of the downtown city areas, in addition, were simulated incident solar radiation values on the facades in buildings locates in this areas. The main result is that the application of the existing legislation in the central area of the city results in harmful situations to insolation and daylight of buildings and urban spaces.
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Rodríguez Cárdenas, Juan Camilo. "Composición de la forma urbana a partir del espacio público: caso de estudio: Centro Histórico Tradicional de Bogotá y Avenida de los Comuneros." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Maestría en Planeación Urbana y Regional. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5995.
Abstract:
Se evaluará un proceso de re-composición de la forma urbana del Centro Histórico Tradicional de la ciudad de Bogotá, usando el espacio público como elemento y estructura de sutura urbana, sutura de la forma y sutura social, de los microterritorio urbanos.
Los nodos de articulación de la forma urbana serán los elementos constitutivos del espacio público, asociados a los espacios arquitectónicos, urbanos y naturales que por su uso y/o afectación, puedan ser vinculados como elementos constitutivos de la categoría del espacio público efectivo.
El eje de la Avenida de los Comuneros se establece como una oportunidad urbanística, debido a que la intervención para la ampliación de la sección vial, produjo un detrimento urbano-arquitectónico en ambos lados de la vía, que está sujeto a la destrucción de las morfologías regulares por la segmentación de las manzanas, resultando un perfil “configurado” por culatas, sin relación edificio-calle, contribuyendo a la perdida de la vitalidad y el carácter del territorio específico. A process of re-composition the urban form of Historic Traditional Center of Bogotá will be evaluated using the public space as an element and structure of urban suture, form suture and socially suture, of the urban micro territories.
The form articulating nodes will be determinates as the components of the public space, associated with possible architectural spaces, urban and natural sites that because of its use and/or commitment could be linked as constituent elements of the effective public space category.
The axis of the “Avenida de los Comuneros” is set as an urban planning opportunity, because the intervention to expand the avenue section was an urban-architectural detriment on both sides of the road, which are subject of destruction of the regular morphologies by block segmentation, ending up in a profile “set” by stocks, with no building-street relationship, contributing to the vitality`s loss and identity of the specific territory.
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Gonçalves, Mônica Aparecida, and Adriana Kunen. "Análise de indicadores de sustentabilidade no espaço urbano: aplicação em loteamentos da cidade de Francisco Beltrão-PR." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6321.
Abstract:
Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a presença de aspectos de sustentabilidade em dois loteamentos da
cidade de Francisco Beltrão-PR, utilizando-se das categorias de sustentabilidade urbana trazidas pelo
Estatuto da Cidade ou Lei Federal nº 10.257/2001. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi atentar para a
importância da aplicação de diretrizes sustentáveis nas cidades atuais, principalmente nas áreas de
expansão do espaço urbano, como é o caso dos dois loteamentos em estudo. O método utilizado para aferir
os indicadores, foi a análise de mapas e documentos e sua confrontação, em pesquisa de campo, com a
caracterização dos loteamentos implantados. Os resultados demonstram que o os loteamentos, embora
executados recentemente, possuem carências em diversas categorias de sustentabilidade urbana, o que
poderia ser resolvido com a incorporação de novos parâmetros de urbanização sustentável às políticas
públicas locais, na tentativa também de controlar a ação do mercado imobiliário na expansão do espaço
urbano local. This article aims to analyze the presence of sustainability aspects in two subdivisions of the city of Francisco
Beltrao - PR, using the categories of urban sustainability brought by the City Statute or Federal Law No.
10,257 / 2001. The main objective of this research was to pay attention to the importance of applying
sustainable guidelines in the current cities, mainly in the expansion of urban areas, as is the case of the two
allotments in the study. The method used to measure the indicators was the analysis of maps and
documents and their confrontation in the field of research, with the characterization of the implanted
allotments. The results show that the allotments, although recently executed, have deficiencies in various
categories of urban sustainability, which could be solved with the incorporation of new parameters of
sustainable urbanization to local public policies, also attempt to control the action of the real estate market
the expansion of local urban space.
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Martins, Pedro. "A persistência das formas urbanas: construção de uma hipótese para a forma urbana da cidade de Coimbra até à Idade Média." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Maestría en Planeación Urbana y Regional. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6014.
Abstract:
A cidade é constituída por uma multiplicidade de elementos urbanos, criados e sucessivamente
reinterpretados em diferentes épocas. Estes elementos sobrepõem-se uns aos outros no espaço e no
tempo, em continuidade ou em ruptura, originando um complexo processo evolutivo que condiciona a forma
da cidade, preservando através da sedimentação urbana, as marcas e os vestígios de estruturas passadas
até à actualidade. Pressupondo a construção urbana no tempo longo como um acto contínuo de produção
de tecido sobre pré-existências, é assim possível conhecer a evolução morfológica da cidade a partir da
leitura dos vários vestígios preservados no tecido urbano.
Assim, o artigo visa descrever de que modo, através de uma metodologia que compreende a articulação de
diferentes tipos de fontes, é possível gradualmente reconstruir a evolução morfológica da cidade,
percebendo e evidenciando o valor de elementos urbanos pré-existentes, através da sua utilização
contínua, na produção da forma urbana, utilizando-se como exemplos o Cardo Máximo e a Mesquita de
Coimbra The city consists of a multiplicity of urban elements, created and subsequently reinterpreted at different
times. These elements overlap each other in space and time, in continuity or rupture, creating a complex
evolutionary process that determines the shape of the city, preserving through processes of urban
sedimentation, the marks and the remains of past structures up to the present. Assuming the urban
construction in long time as a continuous act of fabric production over pre-existing structures, it is thus
possible to know the morphological evolution of the city by reading the various remains preserved in the
urban fabric.
Thus this paper aims to describe how, through a methodology that includes the articulation of different types
of sources, it is possible to gradually reconstruct the morphological evolution of the city, realizing and
demonstrating the value of pre-existing urban elements, through their continuous use in the production of the
urban form, using as examples the Cardus Maximus and the Mosque of Coimbra.
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Doraiswamy, Harish, Eleni Tzirita Zacharatou, Fabio Miranda, Marcos Lage, Anastasia Ailamaki, Cláudio T. Silva, and Juliana Freire. "Interactive Visual Exploration of Spatio-Temporal Urban Data Sets using Urbane." In SIGMOD/PODS '18: International Conference on Management of Data. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3183713.3193559.
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Barbosa, Eliana Rosa de Queiroz. "Territórios em transformação: uma leitura da paisagem urbana da várzea do Rio Tietê na zona oeste de São Paulo." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Maestría en Planeación Urbana y Regional. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6050.
Abstract:
O presente artigo aborda a área da Várzea do Tietê em São Paulo e o projeto de revisão da Operação
Urbana Água Branca, com foco no que se refere à proposta de transformação da paisagem urbana.
Pretende-se revelar a paisagem urbana do Várzea do Tietê em São Paulo e seu processo contemporâneo
de transformação. Assim, pretende-se explorar em que medida o projeto proposto considera as
preexistências do Vale do Tietê -se é que o fazem- e refletir sobre suas propostas de alteração e definição
da paisagem urbana. A partir da metodologia consolidada por Carl Steinitz em "Framework for Geodesign",
realizou-se a descrição sistemática da paisagem urbana do Vale do Tietê e se avaliou a Operação Urbana
Água Branca, levantando questionamentos acerca do futuro desse território e revelando novas dinâmicas
possíveis. The paper deals with the Tietê River floodplain in Sao Paulo and the Urban Operation Água Branca,
focusing on the urban landscape transformation. It intends to reveal the urban landscape of the floodplain
and its contemporary process of transformation. This way, the project of Água Branca Urban Operation will
be explored on whether it considers the site preexistences and reflect on its proposals regarding the
alteration and redefinitions of urban forma and urban landscape, using the methodology proposed by Carl
Steinitz (2013), by which a systematic description of the Tietê Valey and an evaluation of The Urban
Operation was done.
Reports on the topic "Usine urbaine":
1
de Bellefon, Marie-Pierre, Pierre-Philippe Combes, Gilles Duranton, Laurent Gobillon, and Clément Gorin. Delineating Urban Areas Using Building Density. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26482.
2
Brown, Alison K., and Paul Olson. Urban/Indoor Navigation Using Network Assisted GPS. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada444157.
3
Gao, Kai, Lianjie Huang, Carly Donahue, and Jonathan Ajo-Franklin. Monitoring urban hydrological environment monitoring using fiber optical sensing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1673329.
4
Brown, M. J., C. Mueller, B. Bush, and P. Stretz. Exposure estimates using urban plume dispersion and traffic microsimulation models. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/564119.
5
Surie, Aditi, Amlanjyoti Goswami, Amogh Arakali, Aromar Revi, Divya Ravindranath, Gautam Bhan, Geetika Anand Anand, et al. Towards a New Urban Practice: The Urban Fellows Programme 2016-2022. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/9788195847303.
Abstract:
In 2022, the Urban Fellows Programme at the Indian Institute for Human Settlements, Bengaluru, completed six years with 227 graduates. Collectively written by Faculty and sta at IIHS, Towards a New Urban Practice marks this moment as a point of Reflection. Using the programme as an archive, the book reflects on questions of contemporary urban knowledge, interdisciplinary and southern urban pedagogy, what it means to teach about and from practice, and how our thinking on pedagogy needs to be equally rooted in questions of institutional design, operations, admissions, and the political economy of employment for new urban practitioners.
6
Fisker, Peter. Locating Extreme Poverty in Urban East Africa. Data and Evidence to End Extreme Poverty, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55158/deepwp10.
7
Chan, Wanyu R., and Michael D. Sohn. Computing Toxic Load for Shelter-in-Place Analysis Using Joint Urban 2003. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1196773.
8
Al Hosain, Nourah, and Alma Alhussaini. Evaluating Access to Riyadh’s Planned Public Transport System Using Geospatial Analysis. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-dp10.
Abstract:
The King Abdulaziz Project for Public Transport in Riyadh city is one of the world’s largest urban transit systems being developed. The project aims to meet the demands of the city’s growing urban population while reducing traffic congestion, heavy private car dependence and air pollution. The performance of any public transport system largely depends on its accessibility. Therefore, this study evaluates the populations’ access to Riyadh’s public transport stations using network analysis tools based on geographic information systems.
9
Gillen, Emily, Nicole M. Coomer, Christopher Beadles, and Amy Mills. Constructing a Measure of Anesthesia Intensity Using Cross-Sectional Claims Data. RTI Press, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.mr.0040.1910.
Abstract:
With intensifying emphasis on episodes of care and bundled payments for surgical admissions, anesthesia expenditures are increasingly important in assessing variation in expenditures for surgical episodes. When comparing anesthesia expenditures across surgical settings, adjustment for anesthesia case complexity and duration of anesthesia services, also known as anesthesia service intensity, is desirable. A single anesthesia intensity measure allows researchers to make more direct comparisons between anesthesia outcomes across settings and services. We describe a process for creating a claims-based anesthesia intensity measure using Medicare claims. We create the measure using two fields: base units associated with American Medical Association Current Procedural Terminology codes on the anesthesia claim and time units associated with the service. We rescaled the time component of the anesthesia intensity measure to equally represent base units and time units. For illustration, we applied the measure to Medicare anesthesia expenditures stratified by rural/urban location. We found that adjustments for intensity were greater in urban settings because the level of intensity is greater. Compared with rural settings, unadjusted expenditures in urban settings are roughly 26 percent higher, whereas adjusted expenditures in urban settings are only 20 percent higher. Even absent longitudinal data, researchers can adjust anesthesia outcomes for intensity using our cross-sectional claims-based intensity method.
10
Tran, My-Thu, and Bo Yang. Using Thermal Remote Sensing to Quantify Impact of Traffic on Urban Heat Islands during COVID. Mineta Transportation Institute, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2207.
Abstract:
A three-month lockdown in the U.S. at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 greatly reduced the traffic volume in many cities, especially large metropolitan areas such as the San Francisco Bay Area. This research explores the impact of transportation on climate change by using remote sensing technology and statistical analysis during the COVID-19 lockdown. Using thermal satellite data, this research measures the intensity of the urban heat island, the main driver for climate change during the urbanization process. The research team acquired morning and afternoon MODIS data in the same periods in 2019 before the pandemic and 2020 during the pandemic. MODIS imagery provides a wall-to-wall land surface temperature map to precisely measure the dynamics of the urban heat effect. In situ meteorological data were also acquired to build an urban surface energy budget and construct statistical models between solar radiation and the intensity of heat dynamics. The team implemented this urban heat budget in six counties in Northern California. This research quantifies the impact of lockdown policies on heat intensity in urban areas and human mobility in the context of COVID-19 and future pandemics. The quantitative results obtained in this study provide critical information for analyses of climate change impact on an urban scale.