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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'User Equity'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Söderberg, Evelina, and Amanda Wissinger. "How a fashion company can create higher brand equity - the importance of using social media." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25907.

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Purpose - With the social media's emergence in recent times, the main purpose of this study is to generate knowledge about social media communication’s impact on consumer-based brand equity, in terms of firm-created and user-generated social media communication. In order to make this possible, knowledge about customer’s perception about a specific brand is required. Furthermore, we are interested in explaining issues concerning how fashion companies can efficiently use social media, and the study’s intention is also to present recommendations of how companies can use social media as a marketing communication tool. Theory and hypothesis – This chapter deals with theory about consumer-based brand equity, where the different components of the model are presented. Also theory about social media, different social media applications and a social media strategy are described. Finally, firm- created and user-generated social media communications impact on brand equity are discussed, which leads to the study’s hypotheses. Methodology – The study has a triangulation consisting of both a qualitative and a quantitative part and has essentially a deductive approach. The study interviewed one expert in the fashion industry and one expert in the area of social media. An interview with the analysed company’s marketing manager was also made. The quantitative study was made on 624 respondents, which were all members of the company’s customer club. 97 of these 624 respondents were investigated in order to observe the impact of firm-created and user- generated social media communication on brand equity. Empirical findings and results – The findings in the study indicate that firm-created social media communication positively impact brand equity, while user-generated did not show to be significant. In this study it was shown that the majority of the respondents use social media, especially Facebook, and the content that most valuable was access to discounts and promotions as well as information about the brand and its products. Conclusion - Our study confirms the importance for companies to use social media as a marketing tool and it should be in all managers’ interest to make use of this channel. Also the importance of having high brand equity is highlighted and how the customer’s perceptions about a brand can be used as guidelines in order to increase brand equity.
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2

Honda, Ayako. "User fee policy and equity funds in Madagascar : an analysis of the design and implementation process from an agency-incentive perspective." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536943.

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3

Hallgren, Joseph, Kristján Sigurbjörnsson, and Jr Twan Black. "The Relationship Between Brand Related UGC and CBBE : An Internet Meme Experiment." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76001.

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Background: The modern day era of the Internet gave birth to the growing phenomenon of Internet memes (IM), a type of online user generated content (UGC) (Gangadharbatla, 2008). Now marketers have begun researching the relationship between UGC and consumer based brand equity (CBBE) (Christodoulides et.al, 2012; Rachna and Khajuria, 2017). The problem discussion presents the issue of the diminishing control of brand equity due to the rise of UGC and lack of research on how to manage its influence (Morrison et al., 2013). Leading to the purpose of this thesis, which is to determine the impact Internet memes have on consumer based brand equity. Literature: The review presents two leading contributors to the field, Aaker’s (1991) framework on the different dimensions of CBBE and Keller’s (1993) definition of the concept. In addition recent studies on UGC and brand equity provided the basis for hypothesis development. Method: This thesis assumed a deductive research approach, developing the hypothesis from current literature in the field. A quantitative study, that utilized an explanatory research approach, because it best suited the experimental design. As for the data collection method, surveys were considered (Saunders et al., 2016), which the authors designed as a self-completion questionnaire and pre-tested (Bryman and Bell, 2015). Convenience sampling was chosen to select participants (Hernon, 2004). Construct and content validity was used along with homogeneity and stability to control reliability and measure the quality of research instruments (Bryman and Bell, 2015). SPSS version 25 was used to conduct all statistical analyses. Results: Four hypotheses were developed, to measure the effect of the independent variable IM on each of the four CBBE dimensions. To summarize, three of the hypothesis (H1, H3 and H4) were rejected as the difference in the means are not significant enough and can be explained by chance. The effect on brand association (H2) was however found to be significant therefore H2 was accepted.
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Wouters, Claire. "The effect of negative user-generated content on consumer-based brand equity : comparing brand loyal versus non-loyal customers in the luxury wine market." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20999.

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With the rise of user-generated content (UGC), negative UGC could have disastrous consequences for brands: One single post could easily spread like a virus, might even go viral and brand managers have no power in limiting the damage. Negative UGC contributes towards an overall negative brand perception, which harms the process of building long-term consumer-based brand equity (CBBE). CBBE is especially relevant for luxury brands, where decisions are heavily reliant on brand perceptions, and perceptions contrary to or different from exclusivity could be established. Luxury wines, in particular, are complex products in the mind of the consumer: wine customers are overwhelmed by too many choices in wine brands with very few objectives decision cues. While CBBE is critical in an extremely competitive wine market, little research has been done on CBBE of luxury wines. This study therefore questions whether CBBE is affected through negative UGC, and if that effect is different for brand loyal versus non-loyal customers. The "love becomes hate" argument proposes that loyal consumers are more impacted by extreme negative UGC, because betrayal in brand trust leads to strong CBBE damage. The "love is blind" argument, on the other hand, proposes that loyal customers are more forgiving towards negative UGC because of their relationship with the brand. Moreover, non-loyal consumers are more influenced by negative UGC, since they exclude brands more easily in a decision-making process after consuming negative UGC. Previous researches regarding CBBE have not found evidence yet of how negative UGC impacts the perception of brand loyal and non-loyal wine consumers. This study therefore attempted to better understand this phenomenon in the luxury wine context. In order to truly understand the impact of negative UGC on CBBE, use is made of Aaker's four-asset CBBE model. This model proposes that CBBE consists of brand awareness, brand associations, perceived quality and brand loyalty. This study used an experimental research design and 154 respondents participated in a quasi-experimental design that tested the effect of fictitious negative UGC, that appeared on Facebook, on CBBE. This study found that negative UGC reduces CBBE and customers' perception of the luxury brand is damaged after exposure to negative UGC. Brand loyal customers' CBBE had the greatest decrease, which supports the 'love becomes hate' argument. Marketing managers therefore need to understand the risks of UGC on CBBE and set up an online brand strategy in order to know how to act and react on negative UGC to prevent CBBE from being damaged. They also need to pay particular care in managing loyal customers' exposure to negative UGC.
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Manimont, Guljira. "Culinary destination consumer-based brand equity: Exploring the influence of tourist gaze in relation to FoodPorn on social media." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/197857/1/Guljira_Manimont_Thesis.pdf.

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The role of FoodPorn, or food photographs, may aid in forming an image of a culinary destination. Due to the intangible nature of travel experiences, Foodporn can give consumers a pre-taste of a destination. Focusing on the increasing influence of user-generated content on social media, this research advances our understanding of how gazing upon FoodPorn enhances culinary destination consumer-based brand equity. This study developed an extension of a model that measures culinary precinct destination attractiveness, and the role of FoodPorn in influencing perceptions held by Brisbane consumers of South Bank, Sunnybank and Broadbeach as culinary precincts.
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Hayman, Bernard Akeem. "Community, Identity, and Agency in the Age of Big Social Data: A Place-based Study on Literacies, Perceptions, and Responses of Digital Engagement." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586602013429227.

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7

Rubalcava, Raymond. "Gender equity and computer use." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2134.

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The literature review shows that gender inequality in computer use exists today. The inequality begins at birth with society giving boys and girl's roles that they have to play. One possible solution to gender inequality in computer use is to put a gender equity program in place at public schools. Such a program would have to be woven into teaching practices and school activities to strengthen girls' confidence and their ability to achieve in computers.
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8

Guedes, Tomás Maria Mira da Silva Sousa. "Equity research - Spotify." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19558.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Uma Equity Reasearch consiste em determinar o preço alvo da ação de uma empresa no final de 2020 e, comparando com o preço atual, determinar se o seu valor está sobreavaliado ou subavaliado. Desta forma, é possível fazer uma recomendação aos investidores relativamente à compra ou venda da ação. Para calcular o preço alvo do Spotify, iniciámos o relatório com uma análise do modelo de negócio e das estratégias da empresa, de forma a determinar as principais fontes de valor do negócio. Além disso, é fundamental efetuar uma análise macroeconómica e da indústria onde a empresa tem atividade, com vista a avaliar o seu posicionamento competitivo. Com base nas análises enumeradas e nos dados recolhidos, o passo seguinte foi determinar os pressupostos para efetuar a previsão das contas da empresa para os próximos 6 anos. Após as previsões, aplicamos dois modelos de avaliação de empresas com o objetivo de obter o preço alvo: o modelo Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) e o modelo Subscription Based Companies (SBC). O preço alvo obtido pelo primeiro modelo foi 178,52USD com um potencial de crescimento de 34,2%, enquanto que o segundo modelo obteve um preço alvo de 174,43USD com um potencial de crescimento de 31,2%. Por fim, foi efetuada uma avaliação de risco de forma a identificar os principais riscos que poderão impactar o preço calculado.
An equity research report consists in forecast a stock's price target for the year end of 2020, and comparing it with the current price in order to conclude if the stock is over valuated or undervalued. To provide a price target for Spotify, we started to analyse the business model and the company's strategy and to identify its key drivers of profitability. Additionally, is key to study the macroeconomic framework and the industry where the company acts in order to evaluate its competitive positioning. Based on the analysis performed and the data gathered, the following step is to determine the assumptions to forecast the company's accounts for the next 6 years. Once the forecasts are performed, we applied two valuations models in order to obtain the price target: the Discounted Cash Flow method (DCF) and the Subscription Based Companies (SBC) valuation model. The price target obtained by the DCF was USD178.52, with an upside potential of 34.2%, and USD174.43 for the SBC model, with an upside potential of 31.2%. Finally, a risk assessment was performed in order to identify the main risks that impact the valuation and the company's business.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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9

Skipton, Susan Margaret. "Collective bargaining and pay equity : a study of pay equity bargaining in two Canadian provinces." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4190/.

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The aim of this study was to explore the interrelationship between collective bargaining and pay equity. A qualitative case study methodology was used. Eighty-six interviews were conducted with union and management pay equity negotiators, labour lawyers, Pay Equity Commission Review Officers, and other informants. A collection of documentary evidence supplemented these interviews. The empirical work focused on explaining issues of structure, style and power in pay equity bargaining and the complex intertwinings of the structural properties of gender and class were considered crucial to an explanation of these. The key structural dynamic in the negotiation of pay equity was found to be the degree and effectiveness of a labour-feminist politic combined with employer/state commitment, which are themselves interconnected and represent the transformative face of gender and class power relations. The thesis, in providing a theoretically informed discussion of detailed case study material, contributes towards the debate on the effectiveness of collective bargaining as a vehicle for implementing equal pay policy. It also informs the debate on labour-management cooperation in labour relations, especially in public sector collective bargaining. Because legislated pay equity is bargained within a new set of legal parameters, the study may also aid our understanding of the relationship between collective bargaining and the law. Finally, the thesis attempts to unravel the interwoven complexities of gender and class power relations in the collective bargaining process.
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Johnsson, Östergren Amanda, and Linnea Alldrin. "Student Perspectives of Social Media Brands: Facebook and Instagram : Factors Influencing Brand Success." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-88877.

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Branding is an influential aspect a company can have to gain the attention of their customers. It is often said that, “Your brand is your promise to your customer”, because the brand is a confirmation that the product or service you are selling matches the expectations of the customer and their wants or needs (Grosdidier, 2012). From a consumer perspective, branding helps direct customers in choosing what they want to buy (Tarnovskaya and Bertilsson, 2017). This way, they spend less time focusing on the type of product and its qualities, because they can instead look at the products they are already familiar with instantly and purchase with little processing time (ibid). Not all companies are successful with branding and even successful companies run into issues. Customers usually determine if they like or dislike a brand, which means a brands main purpose should be to make their customers happy. It is important for businesses to give their customers a promising message and stay consistent to their brand.  Facebook and Instagram are both influential brand names to the face of consumers in the area of social networking. Both companies have over a billion site visits per day and their consumer usage has rapidly grown since Facebook’s first opening in 2004 and the grand opening of Instagram in 2010. In 2012, Kevin Systrom sold Instagram to Facebook for $1 billion dollars. Since the sales, both companies now average around the same market share and took place for the largest social media sites with the highest number of users, now above competitors Snapchat and Twitter (Barr, 2018). The purpose of this research is to identify and describe key factors that has made Facebook and Instagram successful in the perspective of university students. In addition, the findings will aim to discover key factors of success in branding that continually influence them to use social media sites such as Facebook and Instagram daily.  Conclusions of the study were that Facebook and Instagram both have success factors that are the same and some factors that are different. Facebook and Instagram’s success factors based on the research include an easy to use platform and the ability to connect with friends and family. Instagram had a few other strong success factors including its visual display of pictures instead of word content and their smoothly designed mobile app. Facebook lacked in both of these areas that Instagram excelled in. This made Facebook the weaker social media site when compared with Instagram.
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11

Vieira, Carla Sofia Dias. "A performance e o desempenho financeiro das PPP's : o caso das SCUT's para o período de 2003 a 2009." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10944.

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Mestrado em Finanças
A ausência de estudos de performance às Parcerias Público-Privadas, releva só por si motivo para a elaboração deste estudo. Ainda mais, porque é um tema onde a informação existente é relativamente recente e comporta por isso bastantes dúvidas sobre quais os melhores modelos a aplicar. A questão de investigação abordada é a performance contabilística das Parcerias Público Privadas, especificamente as concessões sem custos para os utilizadores?. Os métodos utilizados para responder à questão são os métodos tradicionais e os métodos de criação de valor. Os resultados obtidos em ambos os métodos evidenciam uma melhoria significativa, em particular nos últimos três anos analisados. Período em que o Estado iniciou os pagamentos às concessionárias. Conclui-se que neste tipo de parcerias, os intervenientes por vezes não partilham os riscos, como seria de esperar. Visto que, nem sempre o desenvolvimento alcança os objetivos pretendidos, esquecendo-se que uma Parceria Público-Privada envolve uma relação de troca entre o setor público e privado, onde os benefícios e responsabilidades de cada interveniente deveriam ser partilhados.
The absence of performance studies for Public-Private Partnerships reveals itself the reason to write this study. Moreover, because this is a subject of complex analysis, where the existing information is relatively recent and still holds many doubts about the best model to apply. The question made is whether the use of Public-Private Partnerships really presents a good performance for the public sector? That is, if the relationship between the state and the private sector represents or not a gain in creating value (Value for Money). The approach taken to assess the performance of concessions under ?no costs to the users?, was conducted thought the traditional methods as well as thought methods of creating value. The results obtained with both methods show an improved performance, especially in the last three years. The justification has to do with the fact that, since then, the state has begun payments to concessionaries. It is concluded that in this type of partnerships, the participants sometimes do not share the risks, as would be expected. This is because its development not always reaches the intended objectives, forgetting that a Public-Private Partnerships involves an exchange between the public and the private sector, where the benefits and responsibilities of each participant are shared.
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12

LEE, JANG WOOK. "THREE STUDIES ON THE USE OF CEO EQUITY COMPENSATION." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/577721.

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Business Administration/Accounting
Ph.D.
This dissertation contains three studies relating to executive equity compensation. In the first study (Chapter 2), I investigate whether firms adjust CEO’s equity incentives in response to the firms’ prior earnings management. I find that the risk-taking incentives from new equity grants are lower for firms with higher prior real earnings management (REM), but not for firms with higher accruals-based earnings management (AEM). My finding suggests that boards perceive the consequences of REM are more value-reducing than AEM and that they take stronger actions against REM by reducing the CEO’s risk-taking incentives arising from equity incentives. In addition, I this result is driven by firms with higher institutional ownership, suggesting that institutional investors play an important monitoring role in structuring executive compensation contracts to limit the CEOs’ value-reducing behaviors. In the second study (Chapter 3), I investigate how the firm’s downside risk and upside potential differentially affect the choice between cash and equity compensation and the choice between stock options and restricted stock compensation. First, I find that, as downside risk (upside potential) increases, boards grant more cash compensation (more equity compensation) and less equity compensation (less cash compensation). This is consistent with the idea that, when downside risk increases, a CEO requires a higher risk premium for equity compensation and, thus, the board shifts compensation away from equity compensation to cash compensation. The reverse is true for the increased upside potential. When upside potential increases, the observed compensation contract will contain less cash and more equity compensation. Second, I find that the proportion of CEO option compensation increases with downside risk and decreases with upside potential. This is because, when downside risk increases, the probability of a stock option finishing out of the money (i.e., zero intrinsic value) increases but restricted stock has positive value as long as the stock price is positive. In contrast, when upside potential increases, because of stock options’ leverage effect, a CEO will prefer stock options to restricted stock. In the third study (Chapter 4), I study how executive stock options differentially affect the firm’s systematic and idiosyncratic risk by exploiting the passage of Financial Accounting Standard (FAS) 123R as an exogenous shock to CEO option compensation. I find that option-based compensation and the proportion of idiosyncratic risk in total risk is negatively associated. This is consistent with the idea that since, unlike risk-neutral investors, risk-averse CEOs have limited ability to eliminate firm specific idiosyncratic, idiosyncratic risk is unwanted by under-diversified CEOs. Thus, CEO option compensation creates incentives to increase the firm’s systematic risk relative to the firm’s idiosyncratic risk.
Temple University--Theses
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13

Bailey, Rob. "UK hotel industry brand equity : its meaning and uses for brand management." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2007. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19302/.

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Brand equity has been put forward as an important concept in contemporary brand management. However, it suffers from a lack of agreement over its meaning and uses. A particular lack of clarity exists within the context of the hotel industry. Against this backdrop, the research presented in this thesis sought to explore and evaluate critically the meaning and uses of the brand equity concept in UK hotel industry brand management. The literature review identified a variety of different definitions and operationalisations of brand equity. Even though there are multiple definitions of brand equity (which has led to much confusion), an overriding principle appears to be that brands, through the benefits they offer, can provide value to consumers. If brands provide value to consumers, loyalty will be created and consumers may be willing to pay a price premium for the brand. Brand equity has been viewed from both the consumer perspective (e.g., perceptions that consumers have of brands, and how this influences behaviour), and from the company viewpoint (e.g., the financial value created by the brand). Whilst the hotel industry branding and brand equity literature is limited to a small number of empirical research studies, the available evidence suggests a relationship between consumer-based brand equity and a brand's financial performance. During the literature review, a conceptual framework was developed to illustrate proposed concepts and potential relationships between the stages integral to strategic brand management in the hotel industry. The framework also provided the direction and structure for the empirical research stages of the study. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the meanings and uses of hotel industry brand equity, two stages of empirical research were completed. The purpose of the empirical research was to investigate the interpretations which senior UK hotel industry practitioners gave in relation to different aspects of branding and brand equity management and measurement. The research focused on meanings attributed to the concepts, potential uses and operational challenges. The first stage of empirical research involved an open-ended questionnaire completed by a sample of 11 senior hotel industry management consultants. The second stage involved a qualitative case study which was used to explore, in some depth, the hotel industry brand equity concept. The subject of the case study was Thistle Hotels; one of the UK's largest brand-owning hotel companies. Multiple methods were utilised during the case study, including in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 12 of Thistle's senior managers, and reviews of relevant corporate documents. This study's findings indicate that brand equity can be a useful concept for UK hotel industry brand management, although there is evidence to suggest that the concept has yet to be commonly-accepted in the UK hotel industry. This study forged a new multi-faceted definition and operationalisation of brand equity that can be used by hotel companies to build and manage the performance of their brands. The study posits that hotel brand value can be measured using a range of attitudinal and behavioural measures that seek to investigate consumer perceptions and behaviour towards hotel brands, and measures intended to capture operational and financial performance. This study makes an original contribution to knowledge in a number of areas including the following: it has created new definitions of the hotel brand equity concept and the core hotel brand concept; and a Hotel Industry Brand Equity Management Framework has been developed to assist hotel companies better manage the equity of their brands. This framework also provides an agenda for necessary future research that will further develop the findings and conclusions from this study and enhance the development of hotel brand equity theory.
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Hung, Hae. "Equity and zoning in land use planning : the case of Taiwan." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260869.

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15

Ballas, Apostolos A. "The use of accounting information in the valuation of equity securities." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261684.

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16

McKendry, Ian Michael. "The use of equity finance by development finance institutions in Malawi." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320220.

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The main purpose of the thesis is to investigate one possible reason for the poor performance of Development Finance Institutions, and consequently to identify one possible way in which future performance might be improved. Financial Institutions can choose from two main investment instruments: loan and equity. Most DFIs have chosen to use loans almost exclusively. However, equity funding has a number of potential advantages over loans. One such advantage is equity's ability to compensate for risk, thus allowing a DFI to invest in higher risk projects which have the potential for higher returns. The research considers two DFIs in Malawi, both of which invest loan and equity finance. Five hypotheses are used to test whether equity's potential advantages have been of practical benefit. Each of these hypotheses is summarised below, followed by the result of the research. i Equity financed projects are more fully funded than are loan financed projects: not supported. ii The servicing cost of equity finance is more flexible, but the overall returns to equity are higher for the DFI: only the second part supported. iii Further funding is more likely to be provided in equity cases: only weakly supported. iv Some investments can only be financially justified by using equity: not supported. v More management help is given by the DFI in the case of equity investments: supported. A sixth hypothesis considers whether other factors, such as project appraisal methodology, external political pressure and internal operating procedures may have outweighed financial considerations such as the choice between equity and loan finance. (If so, then the potential advantages of equity would not have resulted in much practical benefit. ) There is evidence, although it is not conclusive, to support this hypothesis. The thesis concludes that the DFIs examined have hardly used the potential advantages of equity. The likeliest explanation for this appears to be that decisions on whether or not to use equity finance were dominated by the other factors identified in the sixth hypothesis.
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Sykes, David J. "Equity's roving commission in administrative law : an analysis of the present and potential role of equity in the relationship between local authorities and their service users." Thesis, University of Essex, 2017. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/19881/.

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This thesis explores the use of equity and its principles in the field of public law. It asks whether the relationship between local authorities and their service users can properly be understood as being a fiduciary relationship. In considering this question the thesis examines the extent to which the relationship is analogous to trusteeship or whether it is some other sui generis category. This requires exploration of core elements of trust and loyalty and analysis, within a local government context of the debate as to whether fiduciary duties are confined to having a proscriptive role or whether, as some advocate they have a wider prescriptive function. The relationship between local authorities and their service users is not considered to be a fiduciary relationship within the traditional class of relationships so classified. Notwithstanding, there are instances within that relationship where the characteristics resemble in part application of a sui generis label. For example, in the realm of local authorities and their interaction with the elderly, child care and youth counselling services it is possible to apply a quasi - trusteeship role. This categorisation cannot however be extended to the majority of interactions between local authorities and their service users which usually fall within a contract or tortious setting. The main reason in not being able to identify the relationship between local authorities and their service users as fully fiduciary is the inability to point to a central core of loyalty between the parties which is so necessary for a finding of the existence of a fiduciary relationship. The loyalty inhibitor is the polycentric essence of much of local authority decision making, which is made in a very diverse community group often with different complex needs and aspirations all clambering for attention. Further, as local authorities are public bodies they must accommodate the ‘public interest’ in any decision making process and outcome. These factors combine to make a very different decision making environment than the way fiduciary obligations can be exercised in private law and makes the hurdles higher for an exercise of translation to the public law sphere. The purpose of this analysis is to explore whether the roving commission of equity has any application to the public law field. Has equity died and shrivelled, or does equity still have the ability to flourish and accommodate new situations and changes in social morals and norms, ‘yet maintain its core values and norms, without which no society can survive, let alone flourish.’? Notwithstanding, these hurdles this author considers that equity still has a role to play in public law, none more so than in the day to day decision making of local authorities as well as in judicial review proceedings. Equity can bring a contextual approach so necessary when substantive review is applied. Equity has proved to be a robust flexible adaptable tool, even in a complex modern environment. For example, the remedies it has fashioned of injunctions, declaratory relief and freezing orders to mention a few , as well as aiding the common law in its application of trust principles to a deserted wife’s equity, where the title was in one party’s sole name. This author espouses a principle of stewardship which can be applied as an additional substantive review tool in the judicial tool box, along with Wednesbury and proportionality. Structuring substantive review is a major current debate in public law both judicially and academically: there is no valid reason why ethical principles such as stewardship-of person, place, property and purpose should not be a valid contributory player.
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Miller, Lloyd. "Private equity buyouts and firm efficiency : evidence from UK public to private transactions." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2014. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/14274/.

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This study investigates the impact of 293 public to private buyouts in the UK manufacturing industry during the period 1997-2007 on firms’ technical efficiency using a probabilistically matched buyout dataset. I use data envelopment and stochastic frontier analysis techniques to empirically measure production efficiency, which differs from most previous studies where the impact of financial performance or the movement in a company’s share price is tested. For the sample used and period investigated, no evidence is found that companies involved in public to private buyout ownership changes operate more efficiently than a control sample of PLCs not involved in buyouts. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that managers of PLCs have learned how to operate their companies in a similar way to those owned by private equity.
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Babac, Rana. "IMPACT OF SOCIAL-MEDIA USE ON BRAND EQUITY OF MAGAZINE BRANDS : A Qualitative Study of Vogue Turkey." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15817.

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This dissertation examines the impact of social media use on the brand equity of magazine brands. Building on an integrative model, which brings together classical theories of brand management and the frontiers of research in social media, this study examines one of the first magazines to incorporate social media in its marketing strategy. In addition to four interviews conducted with social media strategists and field experts, this study has used observation data and an online self-completion questionnaire in the analysis of its case. As a result, this study concludes that social media use impacts brand equity of magazine brands in four major ways: (1) Social media opens a new direct communication channel between the magazine brand and its audience; (2) Social media increases magazine brand’s presence and therefore the influence in the daily lives of its audience; (3) Social media facilitates magazine audience’s involvement in promoting the brand indirectly with its numerous content sharing functionalities, and in a very natural manner; and finally (4) Social media helps the magazine brand form and manage concrete relationships with its audience.
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Zias-Roe, Shellie. "Equity and Inclusion in Planning| Engaging a Uniquely Abled Vulnerable Population in the Participatory Process." Thesis, Prescott College, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10784346.

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This exploratory and descriptive research intended to examine ways to engage a vulnerable young adult population in environmental and ecological education and in community planning and public participation processes. A goal was to understand how to be more inclusive in the decision-making process at the community level based on ethical principles prescribed within the practice of equity planning and environmental and social justice. Merging the methodologies of applied action learning and action research, nested case studies were developed. Three cases within environmental and ecological education encompassed community gardening, horticultural therapy, and community mapping. The three cases within community planning and participatory processes included participating in a general plan or comprehensive plan update, a federal public hearing, and applying to sit on a federal agency working group. This research found ways to invite uniquely abled people into public participation processes through adaptive surveys, novel meeting places, and engagement opportunities. A nexus exists between environmental education and understanding community such that vulnerable participants are able to become involved in public processes and participate at a level that demonstrates their ability to understand their community as well as their needs. Participating in experiential and informal learning, practicing and integrating skills, and demonstrating knowledge and abilities, uniquely abled participants were empowered toward building confidence in public speaking, sharing knowledge about themselves and their community, developing skills in self-reliance, and building social capital. Because of this vulnerable population’s needs, they brought up problems and solutions that prompted other participants to realize they could also benefit from this population’s input. Using GIS tools, limitations of public transportation were identified and now can be resolved through the planning process. As the participants became more involved at the community level, their interest in and knowledge of the environment increased. The systems of community participation and environmental immersion reinforced on the other much like a feedback loop, stabilizing an otherwise disconnected community, bringing about an equilibrium that provides an enriching and diverse environment where all its citizens are better connected and more equipped to live well in their environment.

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Flöstrand, Per. "Valuation Relevance : The use of Information and Choice of Method in Equity Valuation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7156.

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This thesis is concerned with exploring the equity market price discovery process, the translation and incorporation of new information into stock prices, by studying both what information is included in this process and which valuation methods are used to translate that information into a value.

The overarching research question posed in this thesis is: How is equity valued? The overarching question is broad and has been divided into the following sub questions:

What valuation methods do companies use when valuing takeover targets?

What valuation methods do sell-side analysts use when valuing equity?

What factors explain the variation in the use of valuation methods by sell-side analysts?

To what extent do sell-side analysts utilize non-financial information in their reports?

These questions are addressed in four separate essays. Findings of the thesis emphasized that valuation behavior is contextual to several specific circumstances. Findings showed that companies valuing takeover targets used sophisticated valuation methods to a higher extent than did sell-side analysts. Findings also showed systematic differences in the choice of valuation methods among sell-side analysts.

With regards to the use of non-financial information and information on Intellectual Capital this thesis showed that the context of the target firm dictates which information is relevant for predicting future performance, and hence is used by analysts. Additionally, the accessibility of information is an important factor affecting what information is used in the valuation process.

Understanding the valuation behavior of the different actors on the capital market is to understand the pricing process of the market, and as such the contribution of this thesis has been to shed more light on the cornerstone of market efficiency- the ability of market actors to identify and buy (sell) under priced (over priced) stocks.

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Thomson, Dean Banking &amp Finance Australian School of Business UNSW. "Private equity and venture capital instruments, a study into their use and intention." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Banking and Finance, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/31100.

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Moral Hazard and the Agency Costs thereof have long been accepted arguments in venture finance theory and have therefore long been accepted shortcomings in the venture capitalist / entrepreneur relationship. In psychological experiments ??? including economic ??? it has been shown that human beings prefer to act in a reciprocal manner that reduces any inequity in a relationship. Humans who expect to receive an unfair and inequitable position in a relationship, will take steps to rectify that position. Specifically, if a venture capitalist expects the entrepreneur to unfairly extract private benefits from the investee company post investment by the venture capitalist, then he or she will impose costly controls and monitoring mechanisms in place to prevent that. All relationships that impose controls and monitoring mechanisms are inefficient, as opposed to Advising the investee which draws upon the skills of the venture capitalist and is generally efficient. The venture capital industry is comprised of intelligent and professional people who can recognise inefficiency easily. Indeed, this is how they make poorly managed companies into profitable trade sales or IPO???s. The online survey completed for this thesis poses questions that attempt to show that venture capitalists and entrepreneurs are not locked in an antagonistic relationship where each merely acts in a self interested way. This thesis concludes that venture capitalists and entrepreneurs do work in a reciprocal relationship recognising the substantial efficiency gains to be made by doing so.
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Flöstrand, Per. "Valuation relevance : the use of information and choice of method in equity valuation /." Uppsala : Företagsekonomiska institutionen, Uppsala universitet, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7156.

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Jaqueth, Aubrey Lowrey. "Novel Uses of Turfgrasses for Equine Operations." Thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10825868.

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Dry lots, or small paddocks bare of vegetation, are commonly used to manage over- conditioned equids in order to restrict the diet by offering hay lower in digestible energy and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) compared to unrestricted pasture access. However, the lack of vegetation in dry lots often caused by overgrazing and heavy traffic has been associated with negative environmental impacts such as soil erosion. Turfgrasses may be suitable as ground cover in dry lots because they are tolerant of traffic and close mowing (e.g. grazing) and may be low to moderate in both yield and NSC. The objective of this body of work was to 1) characterize the prevalence of over-conditioned equids in MD and whether dry lots were being used for their management, and 2) to assess the relative traffic tolerance, nutritional composition, and palatability of commercially available seeded cultivars of cool- season (CS) and warm-season (WS) turfgrasses for their potential use on horse farms. An online survey of licensed stable operators revealed that ~ 40% of horses in MD were over-conditioned and feeding hay in dry lots was a preferred practice despite requiring more maintenance and management time. Two additional studies evaluating wear tolerance of 8 CS and 6 WS cultivars exposed to either no, low, or high simulated horse traffic found that soil compaction increased as treatment level increased in CS and WS traffic trials (P <0.0001). Persistence was reduced in response to traffic in CS cultivars (P = 0.0003), but not in WS cultivars. Overall, tall fescue and zoysiagrass cultivars were most traffic tolerant, but only zoysiagrass had a more ideal NSC concentration. In the final study, horses exhibited no grazing preference among CS cultivars, whereas among WS cultivars they prefered common bermudagrass and crabgrass (P < 0.02). Several cultivars, including Maestro and Regenerate tall fescue, Zenith zoysiagrass, and Riviera bermudagrass cultivars were closest to meeting desired goals of being traffic tolerant, moderate in yield, and relatively low in NSC, and are thus recommended to be evaluated in future studies for on-farm persistence in dry lots and heavy use areas and for long-term effects of grazing by equids.

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Zhang, Hongyuan. "Analysis of the legal and regulatory problems in the development of foreign private equity in China in a comparative view to the private equity industry in the UK and the U.S." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/376150/.

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Private equity has been developing as an industry in the UK and the U.S. for decades and at present it is the focal point of regulation for said to be partly responsible causing the 2007 to 2008 financial crisis. However, the situation of private equity in China differs tremendously to that in the UK and the U.S. in terms of every aspect such as investment routes, system of regulation and divestment considering that private equity has only been growing fast in China for merely a decade. The laws and regulations governing each of the aspects in the three countries are on different levels in terms of maturity not to mention the fact that foreign private equity under Chinese law is only a relatively new area. Foreign private equity laws and regulations are gaining attention and need attention as foreign private equity has been developing fast with an enormous amount of capital involved and there is not a well-established system of laws and regulations governing important issues such as its investment and divestment in China. The thesis will look into the legal and regulatory problems encountered in the course of development of foreign private equity in China and it will try to solve such problems by studying the private equity industry in the UK and the U.S. Each chapter of the thesis will land on one problem and all the chapters together will try to solve one question: how to improve the legal and regulatory system of foreign private equity in China? Based on the legal and regulatory advice given in each chapter, the thesis will argue that the most important aspect missing in the current system, compared to its counterpart in the UK and the U.S., is the absolute authority of basic legal principles such as rule of law and freedom of contract.
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Dam, Lien P. "Destination consumer-based brand equity: The effects of social media on travel planning." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/119223/1/Lien_Dam_Thesis.pdf.

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Technological innovation with the advances in new media has increasingly become a focus as a strategy to gain competitive advantages for a holiday destination. Yet, there is a lack of understanding about to what extent new media such as social media effects a destination branding from the consumers' perspective. By utilising a mixed method approach and testing the proposed model with multiple destinations, this study provides a more complete and comprehensive understanding of the consumers' engagement with social media in the context of travel planning and its subsequent impacts on the destination brand performance. This study is part of a growing body of research on new media's effects in marketing area and thus will contribute to future research on similar topic.
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Sinyard, David B. "The Investment Process Used By Private Equity Firms: Does The Affect Heuristic Impact Decision-Making?" Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/bus_admin_diss/25.

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Individuals utilize heuristics in order to simplify problems, which may lead to biases in decision-making. The research question of this study is: “How does the affect heuristic impact the investment process of private equity decision-makers reviewing proposals?” Through an exploratory multi-case analysis, insight is provided into complex private equity decisions by studying biases in the investment process. This is a study of private equity groups’ (PEG) decision-making process when they consider businesses for investment. Qualitative data was generated from semi-structured interviews with twenty private equity decision-makers. The deliberative heuristics applied in the teaser review are learned from process experience and guide the deliberation on whether to proceed. Simplifying heuristics are applied in the more informal review process. Organizational learning was exhibited as the PEGs have modified their investment structures based on previous experiences. The study indicates that experience and learning lead to the construction of an affect heuristic that subsequently impacts investments. It also confirms the need for strategic decision-makers to recognize their own biases and adjust their processes accordingly. A significant practical implication of this study is the insight provided into the views of the PEG decision-makers as they anticipate the need to supplement the management team is helpful to business owners and their advisors. The study highlights the opportunities for biases in PEG decision-making processes. Accessing decision-makers at larger PEGs and approaching more middle market firms would broaden the results.
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LAMPROPOULOU, ALEXIA, and DIMITRIOS IOSIFIDIS. "End of use programs and their effect on brand equity of fashion companies in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18003.

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This paper shows the way end of use programs affect brand equity since they can become a brand’s asset and create competitive advantage under specific circumstances. It is also suggested that through marketing strategies, long term business strategies and transparency it is possible for fashion companies to enhance brand equity and acquire all the positive effects from end of use programs.
Program: Textile Management, Fashion Management
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Kim, Kyung Ho. "Equity in the provision and use of institutional care for older people in Korea." Thesis, Online version, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.251875.

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30

Machala, Laura Beth. "There's no justice in transit! : transit equity, land use, and air quality in Boston." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39942.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-111).
As a result of air pollution created by the Central Artery/Tunnel Project (CA/T), aka "the Big Dig," transit and other air quality mitigation projects were incorporated into the State Implementation Plan (SIP). The SIP is mandated by the Clean Air Act (CAA) for areas that do not attain or need to maintain air quality above federally mandated levels. Originally, the transit commitments that were made to mitigate the effects of the Big Dig were located :in urban and suburban areas. However, while an urban/suburban balance was arguably intended in the SIP, over the years, the urban SIP commitments have been largely neglected. As a result, transit justice in Greater Boston has been negatively effected. If the SIP is truly meant to improve air quality, its focus should be on making cities more viable and healthy places to live and on curtailing sprawling suburban land use. Furthermore, SIP requirements should change to influence a more equitable distribution of transit investment in Boston and other metropolitan areas.
by Laura Beth Machala.
M.C.P.
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31

Michalová, Tereza. "Ocenění podniku společnosti OSRAM Česká republika s.r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205756.

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Diploma thesis is formed as an expert opinion and the goal of this opinion is to find value in use of the company OSRAM Česká republika s. r. o., to the date 1. 10. 2014. The aim of the valuation is to estimate the Value in Use of the company while using the methods of DCF Equity and Branch Multipliers. The parts of the thesis are strategic and financial analysis, opertional asset allocation, value drivers and the estimated financial plan.
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Khetarpal, S. K. "Use of benefit cost analysis with equity considerations to evaluate social forestry projects in India." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27498.

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Benefit cost analysis (BCA) has been found to be an inadequate tool for evaluating social forestry projects because of its indifference, to income distribution and inability to evaluate some environmental benefits (Sirivastava and Pant, 1979). Application of BCA, with consideration of income distribution, to the evaluation of social forestry projects in India is the subject of this thesis. A social forestry project has been implemented since 1982 in Maharashtra State (India) with the help of the Government of the U.S.A. to meet increasing requirements for fuelwood, fodder and small timber, to save existing forests, and to improve income distribution. Most of the village (common) lands included in the project for establishing fuelwood and fodder plantations are degraded and severely overgrazed. More productive but distant public forest lands are also available for establishing plantations. Whether or not the use of public forest lands for establishing fuelwood plantations is socially more efficient than planting on village (common) lands, is investigated and answered. The various approaches to incorporating equity in economic benefits are reviewed and the Squire and Van der Tak (1975) method is used. Five alternative plantation programs are considered in this thesis. Three of the plantation programs have been implemented since 1982 under the Maharashtra State social forestry project. The other two plantation' programs; are plantation programs on the public forest lands proposed to meet social forestry objectives. Costs other than the labour employed during the off-agriculture season have been valued at market prices. The labour cost during the off-agriculture season is valued at the shadow price of labour. A methodology is established for valuation of indirect benefits from saving the forests from deforestation. Social benefits are valued by attaching equity weights. From the results of the economic and social benefit cost analysis it is concluded that the program of distributing free seedlings to the farmers for planting on the field boundaries is economically and socially far more efficient than any other plantation program considered in this thesis. Establishing of fuelwood and fodder plantations on public forest lands is economically and socially more efficient than establishing plantations on degraded and severely overgrazed village (common) lands.
Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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33

Fincher, Derrel. "Bring your own device (BYOD) programs in the classroom| Teacher use, equity, and learning tools." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10141725.

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This study explores teacher perceptions of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) programs in the classroom, with a focus on teacher use, student equity of access, and student ability to use their devices as learning tools. While one-to-one laptop programs (students assigned identical school-owned laptop or tablet) has an extensive body of literature behind it, BYOD has relatively little peer-reviewed research.

A framework was developed to guide this research that related teacher technology use, equity of student access, and student ability to learn to use the devices they brought. Two instruments were created to collect data: (a) an anonymous online survey to collect information from 108 teachers already incorporating BYOD into their classes, (b) a semi-structured interview with eleven teachers who volunteered after completing the first instrument.

Findings suggested that teachers with constructivist compatible beliefs were likely to have more positive perceptions of BYOD, as were those who worked in schools with a more positive atmosphere. Very few teachers (12%) thought that BYOD programs were inherently inequitable, although 25% thought the programs in their own school was inequitable. Teachers were concerned that all students have access to an effective device when the student did not bring one and they primarily looked to school-owned technology to be available. Teachers also reported that students could learn to use their individual devices by working with other students and through working on assignments, while teachers had specific techniques they used to support this learning. Teachers overall did not view themselves as being responsible for providing technology support to students, and instead expected students to resolve their own technology problems. Many teachers (42%) liked that students had different types of devices.

A key advantage of BYOD is the knowledge the students bring when they bring their own device. These results provide tentative support for Bring Your Own Device programs as a viable, cost- effective way for students to use their own technology for learning.

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Donini, Rodrigo Gandara. "State equity ownership and the use of R&D resources: a dynamic panel analysis." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18503.

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Building on previous research that discuss the role of the government in innovation (Mahmood & Rufin, 2005), and previous empirical research about the firm-level implications of having the state as a shareholder (Inoue, Lazzarini & Musacchio, 2013; Xu & Zhang, 2008; Zhou, Gao & Zhao, 2016), this study sheds light on the relationship between state equity ownership and the R&D expenses of the firms. Results of dynamic panel data models using a database of 5,042 firms from 63 countries and 67 industries, for the years 2010 to 2016, indicate that state equity ownership is positively associated with the R&D expenses of the firms. A 1% increase in state equity ownership is associated with a US$0.814 million increase in R&D expenses. The main contributions are empirical, given the cross-country and cross-industry nature of the database, and the novel measure for state equity ownership which is a sum of the participation of any type of state-run institution, instead of just the participation of the local government or the host government. The findings have implications for state-run institutions, for instance, in the sense that they give more resources for policy makers to decide how to foster innovation more efficiently, and also implications for firms since it gives more resources for managers to decide the most efficient way to execute innovative projects.
Com base em pesquisa que discute o papel do governo na inovação (Mahmood & Rufin, 2005) e pesquisas empíricas sobre implicações de ter o Estado como acionista nas empresas (Inoue, Lazzarini & Musacchio, 2013; Xu & Zhang, 2008; Zhou, Gao & Zhao, 2016), este estudo lança luz sobre a relação entre a participação societária estatal e os gastos em P&D das empresas. Resultados de modelos de painel dinâmico usando uma base de dados de 5.042 empresas de 63 países e de 67 setores, para os anos de 2010 a 2016, indicam que a participação societária estatal está positivamente associada com os gastos em P&D das empresas. Um aumento de 1% na participação societária estatal está associado a um aumento de US$0,814 milhão nos gastos em P&D. As principais contribuições são empíricas, dada a abrangência internacional e intersetorial da base de dados, além da nova medida de participação societária estatal, que é a soma da participação de qualquer tipo de instituição estatal, e não apenas a participação do governo local ou do governo anfitrião nas empresas. Os resultados têm implicações para instituições estatais, por exemplo, no sentido de prover mais informações para que os gestores públicos possam formular políticas de fomento à inovação mais eficientes, e também implicações para as empresas, uma vez que também disponibiliza mais informações para que os gestores possam decidir a maneira mais eficiente de implementar projetos inovadores.
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Edwards, Mickey. "Ridehail Use by the Disadvantaged: Evidence from Austin, Texas." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1595847920884272.

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36

Poznanski, Alex Joshua. "Analyzing demographic and geographic characteristics of "Cycle Atlanta" smartphone application users." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47701.

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The objective of this research is to analyze how the demographic characteristics and reported home locations of Cycle Atlanta smartphone app users compare to those of cyclists reflected by other datasets. The findings of this research show that the majority of Cycle Atlanta users are young, white males belonging to either a very high annual income group or a low annual income group, with fewer users belonging to middle-income groups. Most of the app's users live in east-side, ``intown' Atlanta neighborhoods. Other cyclist data for the Atlanta area show similar trends, although less pronounced than the trends exhibited by Cycle Atlanta users. Because smartphone apps such as Cycle Atlanta are a fairly recent innovation, there is still a great deal of uncertainty as to how equitably they can gather bicycle data. The research presented in this thesis has the potential to empower transportation planners to plan bicycle facilities that will benefit many different facets of the cycling community in Atlanta. This has the potential to increase the mode share of cycling in cities, which will reduce congestion and promote healthier lifestyles.
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Cortez, Filipa Graça Pait. "The use of gastroscopy in the evaluation of treatment response of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18270.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Despite the existence of effective treatment (Omeprazole) for EGUS, given the high cost and recurrence rate, it is essential to take preventive management and dietetic measures. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the treatment response with omeprazole using gastroscopy, identify risk factors associated with the appearance of gastric lesions and evaluate the effect of management changes in the prevention of recurrence, between the years of 2010 and 2015. 69 horses with suspected EGUS were evaluated by physical examination, gastroscopic examination and measurement of gastric fluid pH values. The final sample group were the 22 horses with confirmed lesion grade≥1 in the first gastroscopy, then treated with omeprazole 4mg/kg bwt, PO, SID, for 28 days, followed by 2mg/kg bwt, SID, PO, for another 28 days, and recommended management and nutritional measures. After this period, all horses were re-evaluated. Information was gathered from the horse’s owners using two questionnaires regarding clinical complaints at both examinations and regarding treatment follow-up. The occurrence of EGUS was confirmed in 100% (n=69). Clinically relevant symptomatology was identified, were signs of colic in the last year was the most frequent clinical complaint (59,10%) and was significantly associated with higher numeric scores (p=0,029) whereas the coat condition was significantly associated with severity score (p=0,038). After treatment, there was a general improvement of the lesions and clinical signs, with total remission of the lesions in 4,5% (n=2/22). Owner’s responses on signs of colic (p=0,031) and body weight (p=0,008) and body weight registered at physical examination (p=0,011) were statistically different, along with an increase in mean pH values show evidence of a certain level of efficacy of treatment with omeprazole. None of the presumable risk factors were found significantly associated with the presence or degree of gastric ulceration (p>0,05). Still, exercise and administration of NSAIDs may have determined a lower treatment response. No significant changes in ulcer scores were identified for any levels of implementation of management measures. Nevertheless, decreased ulcer scores were identified in 45,5% (n=10/22) in those who implemented the management changes in some way.
RESUMO - Utilização de gastroscopia na avaliação da evolução do tratamento de Síndrome de Úlcera Gástrica Equina (SUGE) - Apesar da existência de tratamento eficaz (Omeprazol) para SUGE, dado o elevado custo e taxa de recorrência, é essencial tomar medidas preventivas de maneio ambiental e dietética. O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi avaliar a resposta ao tratamento com Omeprazol utilizando gastroscopia, identificar fatores de risco associados ao aparecimento de lesões gástricas e avaliar o efeito das alterações de maneio na prevenção de recorrência, entre os anos de 2010 e 2015. Foram avaliados 69 equinos com suspeita de SUGE por exame físico, exame gastroscópico e medição dos valores de pH gástrico. A amostra final foi de 22 equinos com lesões grau≥1 confirmados na primeira gastroscopia, tratados com Omeprazol 4 mg/kg PV, PO, SID, por 28 dias, seguido de 2mg/kg BWT, SID, PO, por mais 28 dias, e recomendado alterações de maneio ambiental e dietético. Após esse período, todos os equinos foram reavaliados. Informação a respeito das queixas clínicas em ambos os exames e do seguimento do tratamento foi recolhida dos proprietários dos cavalos usando dois questionários. A ocorrência de EGUS foi confirmada em 100% (n=69). Foi identificado sintomatologia clinicamente relevante, tendo sido a queixa clínica mais frequente sinais de cólica no último ano (59,10%, n=13/22) estando associada significativamente com o grau numérico (p=0029), enquanto a condição de pelagem foi significativamente associada ao grau de gravidade (p=0038). Após o tratamento, verificou-se uma melhoria geral das lesões e dos sinais clínicos, com remissão total das lesões em 4,5% (n=2/22). As respostas dos proprietários sobre sinais de cólica (p=0,031) e peso corporal (p=0,008) e peso corporal registados no exame físico (p=0,011) foram estatisticamente diferentes, juntamente com um aumento nos valores médios de pH mostram evidências de um certo nível de eficácia do tratamento com Omeprazol. Nenhum dos fatores de risco foram encontrados significativamente associados à presença ou grau de ulceração gástrica (p > 0,05). No entanto, o exercício e a administração de AINEs podem ter determinado uma resposta de tratamento mais baixa. Não foram identificadas alterações significativas nos graus de úlcera tendo em conta níveis de implementação das medidas de maneio diferentes. No entanto, foi identificada a diminuição do grau de ulceração em 45,5% (n=10/22) naqueles que implementaram as mudanças de maneio de alguma forma.
N/A
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38

Rosén, Sara. "Tool unit designed for equine dentistry." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Industridesign, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45232.

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Most people have experienced toothache and know how much it effects the health. It hurts to eat, it ́s hard to sleep and sometimes a small gesture as a smile is avoided because it pains to much. Of course animals have the same issue and feel pain but they can’t tell us how they feel, instead we have to look for signs from their behavior. The recommendation to regularly check the horse’s teeth does minimize the risk of pain. The knowledge within the field of equine dentistry is on the rise and educations and regulations is developing to give the best dental care possible. This has created a need of the right tools adopted to this specific field and this is where a company like Accesia has a chance to be at the forefront of this development. Accesia is a company that have developed tools and educations about the animal dental profession since 2009. Until now the focus has been on smaller animals like cats, dogs and rodents but now they are widening their customer field and develops for this new market, equine dentistry. To get a understanding of this new customers some field studies has been performed and needs that are separate from the previous customer needs has been identified. It ́s not only the size that differs from the dentist working with cats and dogs, it ́s also the working environment and the anatomic conditions that looks completely different. For this thesis the main goal has been to identify how a unit for the tools used by equine dentists should be structured and what parts that should be included to endure the transportation and environment where it will be used. To gain this information, several interviews were conducted with the main users and the experts working on Accesia. The gathered information where later analyzed, concretized and explored in a product concept. This report will go through the different stages in the design process that led to a final design concept which were presented with a prototype and posters at a thesis fair organized by Jönköping University.
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Moyer, Christine T. "The Use of Amnion in Equine Wound Healing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83766.

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Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of lyophilized milled human amnion as a wound dressing of experimentally created equine distal limb wounds. Animals: Four clinically normal adult horses (3 Thoroughbred and 1 Paint, median age 11 years) obtained via donation. Procedures: One forelimb of each horse was randomly assigned to the treatment group, and the contralateral limb was assigned as the control. Full-thickness skin wounds were created on each metacarpus. Treatment limb wounds were dressed with lyophilized, milled, human-derived amnion material delivered under triple antibiotic ointment. Control wounds were dressed with triple antibiotic ointment. All wounds were covered in non-adherent dressings and distal limb bandages were applied. Digital photographs were taken of the wounds at each bandage change, performed every 2-4 days throughout a 98-day study period. Biopsies were collected at days 7, 21, 35, and 84. Results: One horse developed unilateral cellulitis that resolved with additional treatment. All treatment limbs exhibited an inflammatory response characterized by focal edema and discharge from the wounds. Wounds were completely epithelialized in control limbs sooner than treatment limbs in all horses, although there was no statistical difference between control (mean 46.8 days) and treatment (mean 51.8 days) wounds. Histologic scores were better in control wounds than in amnion-treated wounds at all time points. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Because wounds treated with amnion material in this study exhibited an inappropriate inflammatory response that resulted in delayed time to wound closure, human lyophilized milled amnion is not recommended for use in equine wound management.
Master of Science
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40

Cheng, Mei Ling. "Firm equity decision, disclosure rule and corporate transparency, a revisit of market's use of earnings information." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/895.

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This paper extends the scope of Earnings per share ("EPS") studies by incorporating Bushman et al. (2004)'s conceptual framework of corporate transparency to illustrate how the disclosure requirement of an accounting rule governing EPS could have far-reaching effects on the information environment in US. Informed participants are having a keener edger over average investors in using EPS as a guide to investment value. EPS signals a summary measure of firm performance to market participants. The market reactions to EPS and change in per share earnings provide a distinct opportunity to gauge the informativeness of earnings. The information role will nevertheless derail whenever there is an equity change. The accounting rule stipulates the use of a theoretical construct, the weighted average number of shares, in the denominator for EPS, which the average investor is unable to interpret as the number of shares at the reporting date is the actual, not average number of shares. Relative to the actual-share EPS, the average-share EPS will either inflate or deflate the per share earnings. The informed investors, who can substitute actual number of shares for the theoretical construct, are hence bestowed by the accounting rule an information advantage over the average investors. Earnings response coefficient is significant with denominator of EPS substituted while the explanatory power of theoretical-denominator EPS abates when it is contemporary with the denominator substituted EPS. Financial analysts' expertise in the provision of idiosyncratic information to the market has been compromised by the average-share EPS, which is reflected heretofore in proforma earnings forecasts errors. Proforma earnings use a numerator different from accounting rules and to further temper the denominator with the actual number of shares will make pro-forma EPS forecast unintelligible to users. The unintended consequence of inflating or deflating the per share earnings misleads average investors in their decision-making process. Analysts should not issue proforma earnings forecast while researchers should abstain from using theoretical-denominator EPS for sample firms with equity change as their policy prescriptions may further aggravate the problem. A simple remedy to change the accounting rule, SFAS No. 128 is eminently anticipated, if not warranted.
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41

Noschka, Erik. "Can isoprostanes be used to predict survival in horses with colic?" Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44193.

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Approximately 4% of horses suffer from one colic episode per year. The outcome is fatal in 11% of cases. F2-isoprostanes are the "gold standard" for assessment of oxidative stress in vivo and have been used extensively to quantify lipid peroxidation in association with risk factors in various diseases in humans. Because horses with colic may have intestinal ischemia and/or inflammation characterized by oxidative stress and increased production of isoprostanes, measurement of isoprostane concentrations in colicky horses may be of clinical value. The purpose of this study was to gather preliminary data on the feasibility of using urine isoprostane concentrations as an early screening tool for the severity of colic and to determine the need for surgery. The long term goal of this investigation is to reduce the number of deaths due to colic by developing a stall-side test capable of identifying horses needing surgery as early as possible and expediting their timely referral. We hypothesized that urine isoprostanes and isoprostane metabolites would be significantly higher in horses with colic compared to normal horses and that they can be used an indicator for the need for surgical intervention. Urine samples were collected from 42 normal horses and 38 horses with colic (21 medical and 22 surgical). Urine isoprostane and isoprostane metabolite concentrations were measured by mass spectrometry and normalized by urine creatinine (Cr) concentrations. Statistical analysis was performed using a one way ANOVA (Tukeyâ s post-hoc comparison) and a 2 sample t-test. Significance was set at P<0.05. Mean (± SD) concentrations of isoprostanes and isoprostane metabolites were significantly higher in urine samples of horses with colic (2.94 ± 1.69 ng/mg Cr and 0.31 ± 0.22 ng/mg Cr, respectively) compared to healthy horses (1.89 ± 1.39 ng/mg Cr and 0.22 ± 0.08 ng/mg Cr, respectively). Urine isoprostane metabolite concentrations were significantly higher in horses undergoing surgery (0.38 ± 0.28 ng/mg Cr) compared to healthy control horses and medically treated colic horses (0.26 ± 0.11 ng/mg Cr). Non-survivors had significantly higher mean urine isoprostane metabolite concentrations (0.47 ± 0.39 ng/mg Cr) compared to healthy control horses and surviving colic horses (0.29 ± 0.24 ng/mg Cr). Since urinary concentrations of isoprostane metabolites are increased in horses suffering from colic and in non-survivor colic horses, the measurement of urine concentrations of isoprostane metabolites may be an important prognostic indicator in equine colic.
Master of Science
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42

Deutsch, David A. (David Ancel). "On the use of equity REIT returns for deriving a discout rate for unsecuritized commercial real estate." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65686.

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43

Guselin, Mathias, Sebastian Johansson, and Joakim Jörgensen. "Brand Equity for E-recruitment companies : A quantitative research on individuals´ intention to use e-recruitment websites." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-55586.

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Background: Internet has brought radical changes in the recruitment industry where individuals are increasingly turning to the Internet when seeking jobs. The increased use of e-recruitment is partly because it is considered to be the most effective way to reach the target group of applicants, and partly because of the cost savings and competitive pressure in the market. Therefore, is the brand a crucial factor for online companies such as e-recruitment websites thus having a strong brand can lead to competitive advantage in the market. The role of branding in e-marketing is increasingly getting more important. Previous research has used intention to purchase as an outcome of brand equity. However, this research studies brand equity towards intention to use as most e-recruitment websites offer free services. Purpose: To describe the determinants of brand equity of e-recruitment websites and how they affect individuals’ intention to use such websites. Methodology: A quantitative research was chosen to collect the data using an online questionnaire to be able to describe the variables relationship in this research. Conclusion: The findings of this research suggests that brand equity as a whole increases individuals’ intention to use an e-recruitment website. The determinant of brand equity; brand awareness, perceived quality and brand loyalty gave a positive and significant relationship towards individuals’ intention to use. The findings involving the moderator were found to be significant when using brand equity as whole, while being rejected when involving the determinants of brand equity.
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44

Williams, J. M. "The use of surface electromyography within equine performance analysis." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2015. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/25786/.

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Equine athletes participate in a wide range of equestrian disciplines. Performance analysis in sport is the collection and subsequent analysis of data, or key information sets, related to facets of training and / or competition, to accelerate and improve athletic performance. Equine performance analysis research aims to optimise the potential competition success of the horse whilst concurrently promoting health and welfare and increasing career longevity. Despite the benefits associated with performance analysis, its application is limited in equine sport. Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a non-invasive technique which illustrates recruitment patterns of superficial skeletal muscle and can provide quantitative data on the activity within muscle during dynamic motion. sEMG has the potential to contribute to equine performance analysis particularly via assessment of muscle recruitment, activity and adaptation within training regimens and during competition. The critical commentary demonstrates the potential of surface electromyography (sEMG) as an effective performance analysis tool that could be used to assess the physiological response of muscle during field-based exercise in the horse and provides examples of how sEMG data obtained could guide improvements in the efficacy of training regimens for the equine athlete. Critical reflection on four peer-reviewed evidence sources was conducted to establish their contribution to equine performance research and to facilitate debate of future research directions for equine sEMG. The research demonstrates the validity of telemetric sEMG as an emerging technology that could be used to analyse muscle performance in the equine athlete for defined events, for example jumping a fence, and to assess performance over time, for example monitoring muscle activity during interval training. Opportunities also exist to determine the efficacy of muscle-related clinical and therapeutic interventions such as prophylactic dentistry or physiotherapy. The preliminary research presented suggests the use of equine sEMG as a performance analysis tool has most value to assess and compare muscle performance during exercise within individual horses. However further research is required to substantiate this. Future studies integrating larger sample sizes, horses selected from specific equestrian disciplines and breeds, and further exploration of the impact of coat length and sEMG sensor placement on data obtained would be worthwhile to standardise and validate the protocols employed here. Equine performance is a complex area; future work needs to focus on the individual characteristics that contribute to desired performance goals, but should also evaluate performance as a holistic entity. It is essential for progression in the performance field that research undertaken is shared with the equine industry to enable practical implementation. The use of sEMG in the equine athlete has the potential to increase understanding of how muscle responds to exercise and could help create an evidence-base to inform individual and discipline-specific training regimens. Increased efficacy in training should promote success, enhancing performance and extending career longevity for the equine athlete, whilst indirectly benefiting the horse’s health and welfare through improved management practices and injury reduction.
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45

Arkoulis, Angelos George. "Important factors for shipping companies in raising funds in the equity and high yield bond public capital markets." Thesis, City, University of London, 2001. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/18588/.

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This thesis attempts to identify factors that are important for shipping companies in tapping the capital markets for finance, either to raise equity or to issue debt in the high yield bond market. The analysis is carried out through the presentation of three research papers. The first paper presents evidence for the first time on the aftermarket perfomance of 27 initial public offerings (IPOs) of common stock in the shipping industry worldwide, for the period 1987-1995. The portfolio of shipping IPOs in the sample underperforms the local stock market indices by as much as 36.79% by the end of their second anniversary of trading, but there is no evidence of underperformance in relation to the Morgan Stanley Capital International Shipping Index. Moreover, univariate regression analysis shows that two year holding period returns are positively related to the initial level of gearing and negatively related to the fleet age of the companies at the time of the offering. The second paper examines for the first time the relationships between a prespecified set of global macroeconomic risk variables and shipping stock returns internationally. The sample consists of 36 companies that are listed in 10 stock exchanges around the world and the analysis concentrates in the period December 1989 - March 1998. The macroeconomic factors included in the analysis are the returns on the world equity market portfolio, and innovations in a prespecified set of global macro variables, namely, industrial production, inflation, oil prices, US dollar exchange rates, and laid up tonnage. Oil prices and laid up tonnage are found to have a negative effect on shipping stocks, whereas the exchange rate variable has a positive effect. In addition, it is found that, in general, the effects of macroeconomic factors exhibit a consistent pattern in the way in which they affect the shipping industry, across countries. The third paper examines for the first time the primary pricing of shipping high yield bonds. This is performed by testing for the relationships between the following factors and the new issue spread of 30 high yield bond offerings issued by shipping companies in the US market, during the period 1993-1998: rating, callability, term, float, default rate, security status, 144A status, gearing, laid up tonnage and fleet age. Findings of the paper are that shipping high yield bonds carry wider spreads, the lower the rating of their issue, the higher their gearing levels, and the higher the laid up tonnage for the two months preceding the issue. Moreover, here is a statistically significant increase in explanatory power arising from the inclusion of gearing and laid up tonnage in the estimation, suggesting that rating agencies have not fully incorporated the potential effects of these variables, as credit risk factors.
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46

Magnusson, Charlie, Apelqvist Emelie Carlsson, and Theodor Göthberg. "The use of branding Strategies within Swedish Craft Brewing." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48886.

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Branding strategies is an important theme in business research. The purpose of the study was to explore how the growing industry of craft brewing are using branding strategies in order to strengthen their brand. The study was based on the theory of Kapferer’s brand identity prism and Keller’s Brand Equity model. The method used to gather data was interviews with several breweries spread across Sweden that were then analyzed using thematic data analysis. The findings show that craft brewer are using branding strategies to a large extent, however, not all the elements of the models are included in their strategy. The findings suggest that the reason for this is that the craft brewing industry is unique due to co-opetition and the nation’s strict regulations on marketing of alcohol. Organizations can use these findings to strengthen their brand as well as get a general understanding of how the industry is using branding strategies. This can be beneficial for newly established craft breweries or breweries that desire a stronger brand.
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47

Fox, James, Michael LaPaglia, Neal Miller, and Joseph Wehby. "Debate: the Use of Rewards or Incentives." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4178.

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Two educational consultants are tasked with helping a classroom with students of varying abilities and skills. One is a behavior analyst; the other is not. The classroom is currently using a standard 'behavior system,' i.e., response cost and inconsistent delivery of praise. The behavior analyst recommends a dynamic reinforcement system, wherein student behavior is reinforced for meeting behavioral expectations as defined and taught in accordance with the school rules. The other educational consultant objects to this approach on the grounds that it manipulates students, makes them overly dependent on tangible/social reinforcement, erodes intrinsic motivation, and diminishes a child's overall pleasure. Which consultant is right? Should we use incentives and rewards to change people's behavior? Two teams will face off in a structured debate on this issue.
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48

Tom, Boyce. "Reviewing farm worker equity schemes: a case study of Saamwerk wine farm in the Overberg region, Western Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7758_1183464518.

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This research investigated experiences of the Saamwerk equity scheme as a framework to analyze the ways in which the scheme has achieved the objectives of land reform. It reviewed the role of this scheme in relation to the experiences and perceptions of beneficiaries about the extent to which this scheme has or has not improved their living conditions.

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49

Noh, Shi Hak. "Efficiency and equity implications of private automobile use in an urban area : a case study of Metro-Atlanta." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21670.

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50

Bowe, Melissa. "The Use of the Performance Diagnostic Checklist for Human Services to Increase Paraeducators’ Effective Implementation of Error-Correction Procedures During Discrete Trial Training." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5781.

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Employees in the field of human services can influence the health and rate of progress of the clients they serve. A human service supervisor’s responsibilities include identifying why an employee may be performing poorly and provide an effective intervention to ensure improved performance. The Performance Diagnostic Checklist for Human Services (PDC-HS) has been used in treatment clinics to identify the variables that can contribute to poor employee performance, and subsequently recommend an intervention to improve performance. The special education classroom is a human service setting in which special education teachers supervise paraeducator’s skills and performance. A paraeducator’s role includes providing instruction to students. Discrete trial instruction is an effective method for students requiring specialized instruction to acquire new skills and concepts. Poor instruction can have an adverse impact on a student’s performance resulting in a slow rate of progress or regression. Special education teachers are trained in specialized instruction, behavior management and classroom organization, but are rarely prepared to supervise and train other adults. Additional challenges are time to provide professional development and training preparation, given the background and experience of paraeducators. Research has demonstrated that a systematic approach for training and performance evaluation is required in order to provide quality instruction. This research evaluated the effectiveness of the PDC-HS, as completed by classroom teachers, in a public school special education setting to improve the performance of paraeducators for discrete trial instruction. Three teachers first identified which paraeducators were not correctly implementing the steps for discrete trial instruction. They then used the PDC-HS to determine why their paraeducators were performing poorly and which interventions could improve their performance. The results indicated that a lack of training was contributing to poor performance and a Behavior Skills Training (BST) package would most likely increase their performance. The BST package began with defining the steps for discrete trial instruction, modeling the steps, practicing the steps and providing feedback on progress. Once the paraeducator was able to correctly demonstrate the steps with an adult, they were able to continue instruction with their students. The data demonstrated that their performance significantly increased after they were provided BST. The social validity results indicated that the teachers had a positive experience using the PDC-HS. All teachers reported that this was the first time they had consistently taken data on a paraeducator’s performance and were appreciative of the training and pleased with the results. The results also indicated that all were unaware of their paraeducator’s skill in discrete trial instruction and saw the value and outcomes of using data analysis for both the paraeducators and the students they were working with.
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