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1
von Moos, Peter. "The use ofexemplain thePolicraticusof John of Salisbury." Studies in Church History. Subsidia 3 (1994): 207–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014304590000332x.
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In 1165 the deanery of Salisbury was the object of royal jobbery. A long dispute followed in which John tried to mediate by means of several letters. In one of them he wrote: ‘If my advice is asked… I reply that in all cases of stubborn doubt one should act as follows: First let us enquire and follow the prescriptions of Divine Law on the matter; if this gives no certain solution, one should go back to the canons and (then) to the examples of the saints; if nothing certain is to be found there, one should finally investigate the mind and counsel of men wise in the fear of the Lord …’. In this enumeration of means to enlighten problems of practical life, theexempla sanctorumare placed along with the authorities of the Bible and of Canon Law, although ranking lower than these precepts. They complement the abstract rules by concrete comparison, like legal precedents they were meant to explain special cases or fill gaps in the law.
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Lack, Alastair, Rhiannon Tudor Edwards, and Angela Boland. "Weights for Waits: Lessons from Salisbury." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 5, no. 2 (April 2000): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135581960000500205.
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Objectives: This paper describes a waiting list patients' points scheme under development in Salisbury, UK, for the fair management of elective inpatient and day case waiting lists. The paper illustrates how points can be assigned to patients on a waiting list to indicate their relative unmet need, and illustrates the impact on case mix and resource use of the implementations of the points system versus ‘first come, first served’. The paper explores a range of philosophical and technical questions raised by the points system. Methods: The Salisbury Priority Scoring System enables surgeons to assign relative priority to patients at the time they are placed on a waiting list for elective health care. Points are assigned to patients to reflect the rate of progress of their disease, pain or distress, disability or dependence on others, loss of usual occupation and time already waited. In recognition of the need for resource planning alongside the prioritisation of elective inpatients and day case waiting lists, a range of iso-resource groups has been developed for all procedures on these lists. These categorise procedures in terms of their resource use (i.e. bed days and theatre time required). Results: In a modelling exercise, application of the Salisbury Points Scheme to a ‘first come, first served' orthopaedic waiting list produced considerable changes in the order of patients to be treated. Only seven patients appeared in the first 20 patients to be treated under both regimes. The Salisbury Scheme required fewer resources to treat its first 20 patients than ‘first come, first served' and met more Salisbury-defined ‘need’;, but eliminated fewer days of waiting from the list. Conclusions: Development of a points scheme and iso-resource groupings opens up opportunities for more sophisticated purchasing, based on treating patients in order of unmet need rather than according to arbitrary maximum waiting time guarantees, as has been the dominant policy on waiting lists pursued in the UK, Australia, and Sweden, to date. However, such schemes raise three issues: first, the necessity of defining need as a composite of clinical and social factors; second the necessity to determine the acceptability of explicit prioritisation to both health care professionals and patients; third, the thorny issue of whether such prioritisation schemes will lead to ‘gaming’ by well-meaning general practitioners and specialists, aiming to secure the priority of their own patients and clinical specialty. Rigorous piloting of schemes, such as that developed at Salisbury, will be required to identify their dynamic effect over time on case mix, waiting time and resource use.
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Woods, Isobel. "‘Our Awin Scottis Use’: Chant Usage in Medieval Scotland." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 112, no. 1 (1987): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrma/112.1.21.
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In September 1507, James IV of Scotland issued a licence to the Edinburgh printers Chepman and Millar to produce, among other books, mass books, manuals, matin books and breviaries ‘efter our awin Scottis use’. This same licence (see Appendix 1) prescribes that these new books be used throughout Scotland and that all imports according to Salisbury use be banned. This Scottish use, therefore, was considered to be a separate entity – but what was it?
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Lewis, Stephen. "Salisbury, Novichok and International Law on the Use of Force." RUSI Journal 163, no. 4 (July 4, 2018): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2018.1529889.
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Tatton-Brown, Tim. "Building the tower and spire of Salisbury Cathedral." Antiquity 65, no. 246 (March 1991): 74–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0007931x.
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Although - or because - the 19th century saw great archaeological interest in the standing buildings of medieval England, the early legislation to protect British ancient monuments expressly excluded church buildings that were still in use. A new measure, just come into force, gives cathedral archaeology a formal place, and makes this a timely moment to see what kind of work which the archaeology of a standing cathedral can now amount to.
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Beach, Stephen, Bob Clarke, and Lorraine A. Mepham. "A Multi-Phase 20th-Century Military Landscape Near Shipton Bellinger, Salisbury Plain." Hampshire Studies 75, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 140–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24202/hs2020009.
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The investigation of a World War I (WWI) practice trench system on Salisbury Plain has revealed a wealth of detail about the construction and use of this military landscape. The archaeological works has also led to the recognition of at least three later periods of activity on the site, all connected with aspects of conflict, including World War II (WWII) and the Korean War. Finds comprising a mixture of issued equipment and personal objects from the excavations provide evidence of the conditions experienced by personnel while in training on Salisbury Plain. A particularly interesting find is a copper alloy cane finial marked O. T. C. (Officer Training Corps) and embellished with the coat of arms of William of Wykeham, the founder of Winchester College. The examination of aerial photographs further complements the excavation results available, allowing for the construction of a complex narrative for this corner of Hampshire.
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ERST, ANDREY S., EUGENY V. BOLTENKOV, and WEI WANG. "Typification of the name Eranthis sibirica (Ranunculaceae)." Phytotaxa 437, no. 3 (March 26, 2020): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.437.3.5.
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A revision of Eranthis Salisbury (1807: 303) in Siberia as part of the preliminary study revealed that the name E. sibirica Candolle (1817: 315) had not yet been typified. The present lectotypification is made with the explicit purpose to stabilize the use of the name in the sense it has been used before and is being used now.
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Vanderzalm, Joanne, Bruce Naumann, Simon Higginson, Declan Page, Andrew Jones, Vanessa Moscovis, Stacey Hamilton, et al. "Australian exemplars of sustainable and economic managed aquifer recharge." Water e-Journal 5, no. 4 (2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21139/wej.2020.024.
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Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) can improve water security by using aquifers to store water when it is abundant until required for future use and can increase the use of urban stormwater and treated wastewater to reduce the demand on traditional surface water and groundwater supplies. Recently, two Australian examples were showcased internationally as sustainable and economic MAR: Perth’s groundwater replenishment scheme (GWRS) with recycled water to increase security of urban water supply and a multi-site urban stormwater MAR scheme for suburban non-potable water supply in Salisbury, Adelaide. This paper provides a synopsis of these Australian exemplars of sustainable and economic MAR.
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Orzolek, Michael D., and Robert A. Scott. "USE OF FOAM IN STAND ESTABLISHMENT." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1098e—1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1098e.
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The concept of using Foam in agriculture is not new. Researchcrs at LSU in 1972 recommended Foam be used for; a carrier for insecticides and pesticides, frost protection agent, short-life mulch, evaporation suppressant and soil cover for fumigation. In 1974, Johnson Manufacturing Co., Pendleton, ND tested a light weight, low solids Foam as a frost protectant material on strawberries at the University of Maryland Research Farm, Salisbury, MD. Unfortunately, the Foam dissipated within 8 hours and was difficult to apply when winds were greater than 5 mph. In addition, equipment had not been developed to utilize the Foam technology in a field situation. In 1986, anew generation of Foam technology had been developed by Aqualon, Inc. and was initially tested in the spring of 1987 on several vegetable crops at the Horticulture Research Farm, Rock Springs, PA. The Foam was applied with a modified high pressure sprayer and banded over the seeded rows at a width of 10 cm and height of either 5 or 10 cm. Compared to bare-ground checks, there was no soil capping when the Foam was applied to carrots, beets, snap bean, broccoli, cucumber, lettuce and spinach. Generally, seeds emerged earlier and more uniform with the Foam treatments than the bare-ground checks. In addition, higher soil temperatures and moisture levels were observed under the Foam treatment. In the last 2 years, a prototype Foam Applicator was developed by Smucker Manufacturing, Harrisburg, Oregon.
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Payne, Ian. "The Will and Probate Inventory of John Holmes (d 1629): Instrumental Music at Salisbury and Winchester Cathedrals Revisited." Antiquaries Journal 83 (September 2003): 369–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500077738.
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The recent discovery of probate material relating to John Holmes (d 1629), a provincial Jacobean cathedral organist and composer, provides three valuable references to the use of musical instruments at Salisbury Cathedral before the Civil War. These prove that the Choristers' House, where Holmes lived, contained in 1629 a consort of viols, with other (unspecified) instruments, four virginals and an organ. This evidence, though fragmentary and circumstantial, may be read in the context of what is known about the practice of instrumental music in other English cathedrals. The references can then be used to support three generally accepted theses: first, that viols were used for teaching purposes (and possibly also in a flourishing adult musical circle centred on Salisbury Cathedral, for which there is strong circumstantial evidence), rather than in liturgical contexts; second, that sackbutts and cornetts most probably doubled the voices in the choir; and third, that the organ remained the principal instrument of choral accompaniment even in the first decade of the Restoration period. Holmes had previously served as organist and master of the choristers at Winchester Cathedral, where there is also circumstantial evidence of viol-teaching activity since 1618, where wind instruments were employed (probably liturgically) in the sixteenth century, and where Holmes may have composed at least one piece of instrumental consort music, most probably for teaching purposes.
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Floyd, Malcolm. "Processional chants in English monastic sources." Journal of the Plainsong and Mediaeval Music Society 13 (November 1990): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143491800001318.
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Although the loss of manuscript liturgical sources from medieval English monastic houses has no doubt been very great, a relatively large number of processionals has survived, more than monastic antiphoners, for example. The purpose of this inventory is to help make the contents of these important sources better known. Their secular counterparts, especially the processionals of Sarum, or Salisbury use, have so far been more familiar, through the work of Terence Bailey, various text editions, and the recently published facsimile of the printed Sarum processional of 1502. By contrast, it is not very easy even to draw up a reliably complete list of monastic processionals.
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O’Daly, Irene A. "An Assessment of the Political Symbolism of the City of Rome in the Writings of John of Salisbury." Medieval Encounters 17, no. 4-5 (2011): 512–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006711x598839.
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AbstractThis article focuses on John of Salisbury’s analysis of contemporary Rome (its citizenry, its revived “republican” institutions, its ecclesiastical role, and its ancient symbolism), examining the extent to which John’s study and use of classical Roman political ideas was interwoven with his perceptions of the contemporary city. It argues that John’s use of Rome as a metaphor, specifically the trope of the avaricious Roman, had a significant impact on John’s critique and presentation of contemporary political events such as the re-establishment of the Senate, the difficulties experienced by the papacy in their efforts to control Rome, and the controversial activities of Arnold of Brescia.
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Wurtele, Douglas. "Reflections of the Book of Job and Gregory’s Moralia in Chaucer’s “Monk’s Tale”." Florilegium 21, no. 1 (January 2004): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.21.008.
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In one of the crucial scenes in James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man an appalled Stephen Dedalus is listening to the Lenten homily on the pains of hell that await unrepentant sinners. The Jesuit preacher is implicitly echoing the same despairing outcries from Righteous Job about the darkness of hell that Chaucer’s Pilgrim-Parson explicitly recalled on the road to Canterbury some five centuries before. The two preachers have the same purpose: to arouse so overwhelming a sense of contrition in the sinner that heartfelt repentance and unrestrained confession will pour out. Both are also well aware of the central place occupied in the Office of the Dead by lectiones from the Book of Job. As Lawrence Besserman explains, Job became "the principal biblical figure in the fully developed Office of the Dead of the High Middle Ages," and the text of the office in use at Salisbury Cathedral, the so-called Sarum Use, well known of course to Chaucer, "had gained wide acceptance and had what amounted to official recognition from Rome.".
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Gazal, André A. "’According to Right Law’: John Jewel’s Use of the Ius Antiqua in His Defense of the Elizabethan Church." Perichoresis 20, no. 2 (May 9, 2022): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/perc-2022-0012.
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Abstract In his Apology of the Church of England as well as many of his other works, John Jewel defended the orthodoxy of the Elizabethan Church on the basis of the following criteria: Scripture, the first four general councils, the writings of the Church Fathers, and the example of the primitive church.1 By emphasizing these authorities, the bishop of Salisbury also sought to impeach the Roman Church’s claim to orthodoxy by arguing that doctrines and practices which developed subsequently to the early church as defined by these criteria contradict them, thereby nullifying its charge of heresy against Protestants while simultaneously indicting the papacy itself as heretical. A question that emerges from studying Jewel’s prodigious polemical works concerns the source of this means of determining orthodoxy. Answering this question requires a close analysis of the apologist’s use of sources. This article will attempt to answer this question by arguing that this criteria for defining orthodoxy derived mainly from canon law tradition that is confirmed specifically by Gratian’s Decretum. This thesis maintains that Jewel’s criteria constituted a form of the ius antiqua with which he attacked the ius novum that provided the authoritative basis for papal supremacy, and in so doing, sought to vindicate the Elizabethan Church’s place in ancient catholic tradition.
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Perkins, Christel. "Rewriting the Narrative: An Anti-Deficit Perspective on Study Abroad Participation Among Students of Color." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 32, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 148–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v32i1.438.
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Higher education literature has often documented the barriers to participation in study abroad for students of color. However, the majority of study abroad research to date employs a deficit frame; focusing on why students of color do not participate, rather than what enables students of color to rise above barriers. Using an anti-deficit orientation, this study analyzed survey responses of a sample of students of color who studied abroad, in order to highlight the self-reported motivational and influential factors present in their decision-making process. Building on previous applications of the integrated college choice model (Salisbury et al., 2011), and informed by Yosso’s (2005) community cultural wealth model, this article presents a new conceptual framework for understanding how students of color use forms of capital to enable them to study abroad. Implications and practical suggestions for future research and study abroad administration are described in light of the study’s findings.
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Golubeva, Tatyana. "Hyperbole as a Persuasion Tool in Political Discourse (The Case of British Politicians’ Speech)." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 3 (November 2019): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2019.3.16.
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The article investigates hyperboles as a persuasion tool in British political discourse. The corpus under analysis comprises scripts of speeches by UK Permanent Representative to the UN Karen Pierce, Prime Minister Theresa May and Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson which are devoted to the incident in Salisbury. The research has shown that to describe the event under study the politicians use rhetoric devices that exaggerate its social and political importance. In political discourse hyperboles have an impact on three modes of persuasion – logos, pathos and ethos, but in political communication the effectiveness of a hyperbole as a persuasion tool mainly depends on ethos, i.e. conditions of a speech act which determine the relevance of this rhetorical device and a speaker's personality. In some statements hyperboles are so efficiently embedded the communicative context that they are interpreted literally. In political discourse persuasion is often implemented through the use of hyperboles and other rhetorical devices (analogy, alliteration, anaphora, climax). The evocative character of hyperbole is key to the implementation of its persuasive function in political discourse. Under the influence of the representations evoked by hyperbole, the object of exaggerated description acquires characteristics which quantitatively and, in some cases, qualitatively differ from its real properties.
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Elias, Gracieli Prado, Cristina Antoniali, and Ronaldo Célio Mariano. "Comparative study of rules employed for calculation of pediatric drug dosage." Journal of Applied Oral Science 13, no. 2 (June 2005): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572005000200004.
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The present study was conducted to evaluate the utilization of Clark's, Salisbury and Penna's rules and the Body Surface Area (BSA) formula for calculation of pediatric drug dosage, as well as their reliability and viability in the clinical use. These rules are frequently cited in the literature, but much controversy still exists with regards to their use. The pediatric drug dosage was calculated by utilization of the aforementioned rules and using the drugs Paracetamol, Dipyrone, Diclofenac Potassium, Nimesulide, Amoxicillin and Erythromycin, widely employed in Pediatric Dentistry. Weight and body surface areas were considered of children with ages between 1 and 12 years old as well as the dosage for the adult. The pediatric dosages achieved were compared to the predetermined dosages in mg kg-1 herein-named standard dosages. The results were submitted to the parametric test ANOVA and to the Tukey test (p<0,05). The antibiotics and Diclofenac provides acceptable utilization of the rules in pediatric dentistry, however for the Dipyrone, the dosages obtained by the rules suggest their clinical ineffectiveness. For the Paracetamol, the Penna's rule and the BSA formula should not be clinically employed, especially for children between 1 and 5 years old, once such dosages were much close to the hepatotoxic dosage of the drug. It can be concluded that the use of the rules for safe calculation of the pediatric drug dosage is possible and it depends on the used drug and age group.
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MANNION, ANNE. "Liturgy and chant in a twelfth-century Exeter missal." Plainsong and Medieval Music 28, no. 02 (October 2019): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137119000044.
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AbstractExeter Cathedral Library and Archives MS 3515 (hereafter EXcl 3515), a notated missal located in Exeter Cathedral, has to date received very little scholarly attention. This neglect may be due to the absence of a liturgical kalendar and evidence of local saints in the Sanctorale. Its assignment to the thirteenth century with a generic English origin suggests that critical questions concerning provenance and dating have been overlooked. The source itself comprises four disparate sections assembled so as to create a complete liturgical cycle. Yet the parts are not as separate as hitherto believed. A comparative investigation reveals not only an Exeter provenance and a twelfth-century dating, but also a new witness to the St Denis/Corbie tradition. Research also reveals unexpected threads of liturgical continuity with the Anglo-Saxon past. As a complete pre-Sarum source of Mass prayers, chants and readings, EXcl 3515 offers a useful lens with which to view a transitional period in the development of a medieval secular liturgy in England. (By contrast, the three dominant cathedrals – Salisbury, York and Hereford – all lack notated chant sources from this period.) EXcl 3515 adds not only significant new data to the current information on secular liturgies, but also challenges accepted theories on the shaping of a distinctive English Use in southwest England.
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Harbor, Catherine. "Nick Sandon, ed. The Use of Salisbury III: The Proper of the Mass from Septuagesima to Palm Sunday. Newton Abbot: Antico Edition, 1991. Vi + 168 pp." Plainsong and Medieval Music 2, no. 2 (October 1993): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137100000565.
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Hiley, David. "Nick Sandon: The Use of Salisbury, 2: The Proper of the Mass in Advent. Antico Church Music LCM2. Antico Edition, Lustleigh, 1986. x + 110 pp. £9.50." Journal of the Plainsong and Mediaeval Music Society 11 (January 1988): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143491800001227.
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Sinder, Rike. "Urbane (Un–)Ordnung." Die Verwaltung 54, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 157–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/verw.54.2.157.
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Historically, the European city was mixed (in terms of its use) and dense (in terms of its building structure). With the rising popularity of the body metaphor, the idea of a spatial separation of uses spread. John of Salisbury famously postulated that, just like the body, the city should be separated according to its different functions. The different body parts were connected through veins and arteries, in which traffic, air and water circulated. This corporeal ideal of city planning through separation and circulation reached its zenith in the 1933 Athens Charter that was heavily influenced by Le Corbusier. According to his blueprint, living should be desuburbanised so as to enable a strict separation of living, working and leisure. The German Federal Land Utilisation Ordinance (Baunutzungsverordnung – BauNVO) from 1962 was based on this ideal of the separation of uses. As a second pillar, it aimed at the reduction of density. The specific land-use areas defined in the BauNVO established city spaces reserved to functionally defined uses such as living and working. This spatial model came under pressure almost with its implementation. From the very first amendment in 1968 onwards, the separation of uses was softened in favour of mixed-use areas. At the same time, density was increased. In four substantial amendments (1968, 1977, 1990 and 2017), the ideal of a functionally structured city was slowly abandoned; not by name (the BauNVO still distinguishes functionally specific land-use areas), but in fact, because the functional description of the areas was successively extended to comprehend ever more (different) uses. In 2017, a new mixed-use area was introduced into the BauNVO (the so-called urban area) and in 2021 another mixed-use area (the so-called rural living area) is projected to follow. This development has consequences, most notably regarding the system of legal protection. With the decreasing relevance of specific and specifiable land-use areas, the individual and the disturbances it is subjected to become the main focus of legal protection. Thus, the right to mutual consideration slowly replaces the right of the inhabitant of a functionally separated area that the area’s character be maintained.
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Sawyer, Adam R., Stephen Robinson, and Michael Cadier. "Prospective Patient-Related Outcome Evaluation of Secondary Cleft Rhinoplasty Using a Validated Questionnaire." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 54, no. 4 (July 2017): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/14-168.
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Objective To evaluate patient satisfaction and quality of life following secondary cleft rhinoplasty. Design Prospective consecutive patient, single unit, single surgeon study. Setting Spires Cleft Centre, Salisbury, Wilshire, United Kingdom, and private practice. Patients, Participants 56 (27 secondary cleft rhinoplasty) patients completed evaluation forms preoperatively and 3 to 6 months postoperatively. Interventions Subjective assessment was performed using a validated Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire. This instrument comprises six questions that capture three quality-of-life domains: physical, mental/emotional, and social. Main Outcome Rhinoplasty outcomes evaluation scores were calculated (range = 0 to 100) to indication satisfaction with rhinoplasty outcomes. Results Average age was 28 years (range = 18 to 59 years). There was a significant subjective improvement in the total ROE evaluation scores from 28 ± 10 to 80 ± 11 ( P < .01) in secondary cleft rhinoplasty. Similar results were achieved in noncleft rhinoplasty 34 ± 9 to 84 ± 9 ( P < .01). Specific scores for nasal aesthetic appearance improved from 0.3 ± 0.2 to 3.2 ± 0.3 ( P < .01) in secondary cleft rhinoplasty. No significant change was seen in breathing capacity in secondary cleft rhinoplasty (from 2.7 ± 0.3 to 3.2 ± 0.2; P = .29). All patients said they would undergo the procedure again. Conclusion Our results demonstrate high patient satisfaction after cleft rhinoplasty with particular regard to cosmetic appearance. These results are similar to those for noncleft rhinoplasty. We would recommend the use of this simple and quick validated outcome tool with all rhinoplasty patients.
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Osborne, Patrick E. "Key issues in assessing the feasibility of reintroducing the great bustard Otis tarda to Britain." Oryx 39, no. 1 (January 2005): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605305000050.
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The great bustard is a globally-threatened species needing conservation action across Europe. This paper discusses key issues in the case for reintroducing the bird to Britain. Great bustards became extinct as a breeding species in Britain in 1832 probably as a result of hunting, agricultural change and inclement weather. The factors that caused the loss are no longer thought to operate. Suitable habitat exists in pockets across England and especially on Salisbury Plain where a large area is protected for military training and conservation purposes. The Plain combines short grass areas for lekking, long grassland for feeding and adjacent arable land for nesting. Pilot studies on arthropods in long grassland suggest that their density is sufficient for chick-rearing but the precautionary creation of additional food-rich areas among arable crops is recommended. Genetic studies indicate that Britain's bustards probably belonged to the central European group and that restocking should not use birds from Iberia. Only Russia has sufficient birds to supply a reintroduction project and losses there through nest destruction are high. By rescuing eggs, artificially incubating them and transporting chicks to Britain, the project should have zero detriment to the donor population. Modelling indicates that 40 chicks will need to be brought to Britain for 5–10 years to build a founder population of 100 birds. Although focused on direct action in Britain, the project will promote grassland conservation across Europe and serve as a model for translocating bustards elsewhere.
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Drexler, MS, LRT/CTRS, Karen. "Case history: Use of the Nintendo Wii to increase fine motor dexterity post cerebral vascular accident." American Journal of Recreation Therapy 8, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajrt.2009.0020.
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Use of the low cost commercially available gaming console (Nintendo Wii) is a current trend in the rehabilitation environment. Released in 2006 by Nintendo, Veterans Affairs Medical Centers across the country are just setting one, Wii is being used as a physical, social, and cognitive tool. This case report seeks to provide evidence of its use as a rehabilitation tool for individuals who have experienced a recent stroke. By using whole body movements, the Wii sports games help in both gross motor and fine motor skills as well as in hand–eye coordination. This case study involves an older adult who is recovering from a cerebral vascular accident (CVA) and how using the Wii bowling game assisted to increase his fine motor strength and dexterity. CVA or stroke also called a “brain attack” can affect various parts of the brain. There are various signs and symptoms of CVA and these vary in each individual. Some of the signs that an individual having CVA shows are: sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg (especially on one side of the body), sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or understanding speech, sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes, sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination, sudden severe headache with no known cause. This case study involved an older adult who experienced a CVA involving hemorrhage in the right cerebellum as revealed in a CT scan. This CVA affected the right hand of this individual. Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures. This lets blood to spill into nearby brain tissue, which damages the cells. Some brain cells die because their normal blood supply is cut off. Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialist and Author of this case article utilized the Salisbury Veterans Affairs Medical Center Recreational Therapy initial intake assessment and discovered per patient’s report that he had decreased strength and fine motor dexterity in the fingers of his right hand status post CVA. This patient reported that after his stroke, he was not able to hold a utensil in his right hand. This case study speaks the use of the Nintendo Wii in assisting patient to regain use of the fingers of the hand that was affected by the CVA. This article can provide information for other Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialists as to the use of the Nintendo Wii™ as a treatment modality. This device can demonstrate outcomes of improving fine motor dexterity for those who are recovering from a CVA.
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Dudley, Martin. "Unity, Uniformity and Diversity: the Anglican Liturgy in England and the United States, 1900-1940." Studies in Church History 32 (1996): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400015576.
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‘Uniformity’, declared Sir John Nicholl, one of the greatest of Anglican ecclesiastical lawyers, ‘is one of the leading and distinguishing principles of the Church of England - nothing is left to the discretion and fancy of the individual.’ At the Reformation the English Church was distinguished not by the decisions of councils, confessional statements, or the writings of particular leaders, but by one uniform liturgy. This liturgy, ‘containing nothing contrary to the Word of God, or to sound Doctrine’ and consonant with the practice of the early Church, was intended to ‘preserve Peace and Unity in the Church’ and to edify the people. It was also opposed to the ‘great diversity in saying and singing in Churches within this Realm’ and, abolishing the liturgical uses of Salisbury, Hereford, Bangor, York, and Lincoln, it established that ‘now from henceforth all the whole Realm shall have but one Use’. This principle of liturgical uniformity was enshrined in the several Acts of Uniformity from that of the second year of King Edward VI to that of the fourteenth year of Charles II, amended, but not abolished, in the reign of Queen Victoria. It was a principle conveyed to the churches in the colonies so that, even if they revised or abandoned the Book of Common Prayer in use in England, as the Americans did in 1789, what was substituted was called ‘The Book of Common Prayer and declared to be ‘the Liturgy of this Church’ to be ‘received as such by all members of the same’. The principle of uniformity was modified during the Anglican Communion’s missionary expansion. The Lambeth Conference of 1920 considered that liturgical uniformity throughout the Churches of the Anglican Communion was not a necessity, but the 1930 Conference held that the Book of Common Prayer, as authorized in the several Churches of the Communion, was the place where faith and order were set forth, and so implied a degree of uniformity maintained by the use of a single book.
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Ramsay, William Everett. "Against Stanley Fish on Ben Jonson and the Community of the Same." Ben Jonson Journal 24, no. 1 (May 2017): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/bjj.2017.0182.
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In his classic essay “Authors-Readers: Ben Jonson and the Community of the Same,” Stanley Fish argues, primarily on the basis of a series of close readings, that (1) Jonson's poetry of praise hints at a community in which everyone is the same; (2) Jonson's poetry of praise is nonrepresentational, while his poetry of blame is representational; (3) Jonson's poems of praise and the members of the community mentioned in them are largely interchangeable; and (4) Jonson writes nonrepresentational poetry of praise in which everyone is the same in order to maintain his independence in a patronage society. I argue that these four theses are false. Part I argues that Fish's equivocation on the crucial word identity and his misreading of “In Authorem” undermine his claim that there is a Jonson community in which everyone is the same. Part II argues that Fish's reading of Epigrams 63, “To Robert, Earl of Salisbury,” on which reading rests his claim that Jonson's poetry of praise is nonrepresentational, introduces several textual errors, and that, once these errors are corrected, the poem no longer supports that claim. Part III argues that an awareness of Jonson's poetic art, especially his use of puns, shows that his poems of praise are not interchangeable, while an attentiveness to the “signs of specificity” (38) in the poems of praise shows that the people discussed in them are not the same. Since the truth of the fourth thesis depends on the truth of the others, it is largely ignored.
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Hayward, L., RS Oeppen, AV Grima, GT Royle, CM Rubin, and RI Cutress. "The influence of clinicopathological features on the predictive accuracy of conventional breast imaging in determining the extent of screen-detected high-grade pure ductal carcinoma in situ." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 93, no. 5 (July 2011): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588411x579829.
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INTRODUCTION The extent of calcified ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) detected by screening mammography is a determinant for treatment with breast conserving surgery (BCS). However, DCIS may be uncalcified and almost a quarter of patients with DCIS treated initially by BCS either require a second operation or are found to have unexpected invasive disease following surgery. Identification of these cases might guide selective implementation of additional diagnostic procedures. METHODS A retrospective review of patients with a preoperative diagnosis of pure high-grade DCIS at the Southampton and Salisbury Breast Screening Unit over a ten-year period was carried out. Mammograms were reviewed independently by a consultant radiologist and additional factors including the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS®) breast density score, DCIS extent and disease location within the breast recorded. RESULTS Unexpected invasive disease was found in 35 of 144 patients (24%). Within our unit the re-excision rate for all screen-detected DCIS is currently 23% but for patients included in this study with high-grade DCIS the re-excision rate was 39% (34/87). The extent of DCIS (p=0.008) and lack of expression of the oestrogen receptor (ER) predicted the requirement for re-excision in both univariate (p=0.004) and multivariate analysis (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS High-grade DCIS may be focally uncalcified, leading to underestimation of disease extent, which might be related to ER status. Invasive foci associated with high-grade DCIS are often mammographically occult. Exploration of additional biomarkers and targeted use of further diagnostic techniques may improve the preoperative staging of DCIS.
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Cheung Salisbury, Matthew. "Sarum Use. The ancient customs of Salisbury. By Philip Baxter. Pp. 118 incl. 17 black-and-white and 15 colour plates. Reading: Spire Books, 2008. £12.95 (paper). 978 1 904965 18 3." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 60, no. 03 (July 2009): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046908007069.
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Faloppi, Luca, Massimo Nabissi, Matteo Santoni, Federica Maggi, Eva Galizia, Francesca Miccini, Maristella Bianconi, et al. "RISE-HEP project part 1: Treatment sequences evaluation in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e15663-e15663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e15663.
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e15663 Background: For over ten years the most stimulating results in systemic therapy for advanced HCC derived from the use of sorafenib (S). But in the last two years several drugs, in particular other multikinase inhibitors like lenvatinib (L), regorafenib (R), cabozantinib (C), proved to be effective both as an alternative or a sequential therapy to sorafenib. In this widened and rapidly increased scenario, without any head-to-head trial, clinicians struggle to define the best drug and the best treatment sequence. Aim of the first part of this project is to evaluate the activity of different treatment sequences in HCC cell lines to pave the way to a future clinical trial investigating their efficacy. Methods: Compounds of S, R, L and C were dissolved in DMSO and aliquoted. HepG2 cell line, obtained from ECACC (Salisbury, UK), was seeded at the density of 3 x 104 cells/ml. After 24 h of incubation, compounds or vehicle (DMSO) were added. Treatments were performed in single administration and six replicates were carried out for each dose. At 48h post-treatment, cells were fixed and stained with acid solution. The absorbance was measured at 520 nm using an ELISA reader (BioTek Instruments, USA). The assay was also performed with the sequences of: S-R, S-C, L-R, L-C (first line treatments for 48h followed by the second compound for 48h). Higher doses than the minimum inhibiting one were tested. Results: S showed superior activity than L as first line compound. In the sequence assay S-C and S-R seems to have the best results in terms of cell viability. After L the best compound appears to be R. See table. Conclusions: Our results showed relevant variations in cell viability with different drug sequences. Already planned analyses in the RISE-HEP project in vivo and in humans are mandatory to confirm which sequence would have the highest efficacy.[Table: see text]
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Kaneko, Makoto. "Robot Hands and Sensing." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 5, no. 1 (February 20, 1993): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1993.p0001.
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It is not an overstatement that the history of robot hands is equal to that of 40-year-old manipulators. Initial hands were based on the simple ON/OFF switching system, with pneumatic or hydraulic power used as a source. The hands could realize their primary purpose of firmly grasping an object, however, it was impossible to achieve the dexterous manipulating motion which was another important function. Since the latter half of 1970's, the dexterous functions have been in demand for robot hands such as the functions of an inspection robot for the power plant. This caused research institutes in many countries to start development projects on multi-fingered hands. The Okada-Hand, Salisbury-Hand, and Utah/MIT-Hand are particularly well-known among multi-fingered hands developed through such projects. In parallel with this research and development, theoretical research activities progressed for stable grasping, fingertip force analysis, and grasping force control. Theoretical studies of hands reached a peak in both quality and quantity in the latter of 1980's. However, the experimental studies using actual multifingered hands were far behind the theoretical studies. Based on the reconsideration of the importance of experimental validation, experimental works have been done to verify the theory of stable grasping or manipulation with actual hands. From another perspective, researches have recently been started in an attempt to use fingers not only as actuator for grasping, but also as an active sensor for recognizing the external world with tactile motion. This causes the research field of hand to spread. Based on the current status of hands researches, this special issue will compile conventional works and provide an outlook for future hands. The editor of this issue will be very pleased if this material can provide with any useful information to hand researchers. Finally, the editor wishes to express his sincere thanks to the contributors.
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Wells, M. Scott, Carrie M. Brinton, and S. Chris Reberg-Horton. "Weed suppression and soybean yield in a no-till cover-crop mulched system as influenced by six rye cultivars." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 31, no. 5 (September 30, 2015): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170515000344.
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AbstractCover crop mulches have been successful in reducing weed severity in organic soybeans. This study examined six rye cultivars (SRCs) used as cover crops to determine which were most adapted for use with a roller–crimper in the southeastern U.S. To be an effective mulch, a rye cultivar must produce high biomass and reach reproductive growth stage to facilitate mechanical termination via the roller–crimper prior to soybean planting. Rye cultivars were planted at three locations in North Carolina over the 2009 and 2010 growing seasons. Each rye cultivar was mechanically terminated via a roller–crimper implement. Rye cover crops were terminated on two dates and soybeans were immediately no-till planted into the mulch. In 2009, all rye cultivars produced greater than 9000 kg ha−1 rye biomass dry matter (DM) with the exception of Rymin at Plymouth (2009), but in 2010 only the early flowering cultivars produced in excess of 9000 kg ha−1 DM. There were no detectable soybean yield differences between the SRCs and the weed-free checks, and weed control was excellent across all SRCs at both Plymouth and Salisbury (2009). After an unseasonably cold and wet winter in 2010, the late flowering rye cultivars were not fully controlled by the early termination date due to delayed maturation (less than 65% control at 2 WAP) whereas the early flowering cultivars were fully controlled (100% control at 2 WAP). Rye biomass production was below 9000 kg ha−1 DM for the late flowering and dough development rye cultivars. The early-terminated rye plots had greater weed coverage across all SRCs than those from the late termination date (P < 0.01). However, weeds did not impact soybean yield for either of the termination dates. Soybean yield in 2010 was modeled with rye biomass and soybean population used as covariates, and for both termination dates, soybean yield was proportional to rye biomass production. Early flowering rye cultivars offer producers the widest range of termination opportunities that best coincide with their cash crop planting dates.
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Foster, Paul. "Goring Revisited: George Bell, The Artist Hans Feibusch, and Art in Church." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 6, no. 28 (January 2001): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00004257.
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There is adventure about—both at home and abroad. More especially, events are taking place in respect to the place of visual art in the witness of the Church that a generation ago, or even less, would have been laughed out of court: for the counsel of this committee or that, whether at parish vestry or cathedral chapter, would have looked askance at what, today, seems to be accepted almost on the nod. Examples of what is occurring, and especially in cathedrals up and down the country, are easy to cite. One need think only of recent exhibitions at Salisbury; the use of video (Bill Viola'sThe Messenger)at Durham; the appointment of an artist in residence at Gloucester;Sculpture for Winchester, the 1998 exhibition arranged in part across the Inner Close of the cathedral; an exhibition in November 1999 of Sussex artists in the North Transept at Chichester, conducted with a view to raising funds for the continuing restoration of the cathedral; Anthony Green'sResurrection, An Act of Faithat Christ Church, Oxford; or the planned (at the moment of writing) millennial exhibition,Stations, the New Sacred Art, to be held in 2000 both at the cathedral in Bury St Edmunds and at twelve associated parishes. Varied as these examples are, they all share a very distinct characteristic—the temporary nature of the arrangements, for which no formal permission or approval was legally required from any supererogatory body or bodies. Reasons for this development are complex, and the outcomes— which frequently create controversy—are often fiercely debated. What has received less attention, however, is the foundation of the present relationship between art and the Church, a relationship that can be seen to stretch back to a judgment made by George Bell, then Bishop of Chichester, in his own consistory court in 1954, concerning a design for a mural by Hans Feibusch in the parish church at Goring-by-Sea.
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MAHRT, WILLIAM P. "Mass of the Blessed Virgin Mary According to the Use of Salisbury, I: Introduction and Choir Book; II: Priest's Book, Directory and Ordinal, ed. John Harper with Sally Harper and Matthew Cheung Salisbury, Early English Church Music 59–60. London: Stainer & Bell for the British Academy, 2019. lxxxvi + 392 pp. £165. ISMN 979 0 2202 2556 7, ISBN 978 0 85249 937 3, ISSN 0424 0359." Plainsong and Medieval Music 30, no. 1 (April 2021): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137121000036.
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Gupta, N., K. Polkoff, L. Qiao, K. Cheng, and J. Piedrahita. "200 Developing exosomes as a mediator for CRISPR/Cas-9 delivery." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 1 (2019): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv31n1ab200.
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CRISPR/Cas systems present a powerful gene-editing tool with the potential for widespread therapeutic use; however, current methods of in vivo delivery such as adeno-associated viruses (AAV) may stimulate an immune response, creating the need for an alternative for delivery of CRISPR/Cas9. Exosomes are small vesicles that are released by cells and serve as a delivery system for RNA, proteins, and various molecules to other cells. The focus of this project was to use exosomes as a delivery system for Cas9, exploiting their high uptake by target cells and their ability to avoid the immune system in vivo. Porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFF) were grown to 80% confluency; after 48h, exosomes were isolated and concentrated from conditioned media by filtration with a 0.22-μm filter followed by 100-kDa molecular weight cutoff filter. Transmission electron microscopy, Western blotting for presence of CD81, and an uptake assay for exosomes stained with the lipophilic dye DiI (Invitrogen/Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) were used to characterise isolated exosomes, and average particle size was evaluated by NanoSight (Salisbury, United Kingdom). After characterisation, exosomes were loaded with Cas9 (PNA Bio, Newbury Park, CA, USA) using sonication, incubation with saponin, or extrusion. For each method of loading, 1.0×1011 exosomes and 500ng of Cas9 were used. For sonication, exosomes and Cas9 were sonicated 4 times: 4s on/2s off, left on ice for 2min, and then repeated for 4 more cycles. Loaded exosomes were then incubated at 37°C for 20min. For incubation with saponin, 100μL of 0.6% saponin solution was made in PBS, mixed with exosomes and Cas9, and then incubated on a shaker at 800 rpm for 20min. For extrusion, exosomes and Cas9 were extruded (Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL, USA) 10, 15, or 20 times through a 0.22-μm filter. To evaluate efficiency of Cas9 loading into exosomes, loaded exosome samples were split in half, with one-half receiving a proteinase K digest (100μg mL−1) to remove free Cas9 and the other receiving no treatment. Proteinase K-treated and untreated samples were then compared side by side on Western blot staining for Cas9. ImageJ software (National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) was used to quantify band intensity and loading efficiency. With optimal conditions, our preliminary results show loading efficiency for sonication and saponin to be 16.7 and 19.2%, respectively, whereas loading by extrusion was undetectable. For CRISPR/Cas targeting, transgenic PFF carrying one copy of H2B-GFP were used to test delivery of ribonucleotide protein complex (RNP). To verify efficiency of the guide (g)RNA targeting green fluorescent protein (GFP), cells were nucleofected with Cas9 and gRNA. The DNA was extracted, PCR amplified, and sequenced (Eton Bioscience, San Diego, CA, USA) and then evaluated for indels with TIDE, resulting in a 53.2% cleavage efficiency. Next, exosomes will be loaded with RNP to knockout GFP in H2B-GFP cells, and targeting efficiency will be evaluated by flow cytometry and TIDE. We hypothesise that based on loading efficiency and target cell uptake, exosomes will present a safe and efficient method for in vitro and in vivo delivery of Cas9. The financial support of the Comparative Medicine Institute is gratefully acknowledged.
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Merkley, Cari. "First Year University Students Arrive with Some Search Skills, But Struggle with Scholarly Sources." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 9, no. 2 (June 23, 2014): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b88c9f.
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A Review of:
Salisbury, F., & Karasmanis, S. (2011). Are they ready? Exploring student information literacy skills in the transition from secondary to tertiary education. Australian Academic & Research Libraries, 42(1), 43-58.
Objective – To determine what existing information literacy skills first year students possess upon entering university.
Design – Quantitative survey questionnaire.
Setting – A research university in Australia.
Subjects – 1,029 first year students in the health sciences.
Methods – First year students enrolled in the health sciences were asked to complete a paper questionnaire in their first week of classes in 2009. The 20 question survey was distributed in student tutorial groups. The first 10 questions collected information on student demographics, expected library use, and existing information seeking behaviour. The remaining 10 questions tested students’ understanding of information literacy concepts. Data collected from the survey were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS.
Main Results – Most of the students who responded to the questionnaire were between the ages of 16 and 21 (84.3%) with only 2.2% over the age of 40. Approximately 15% of respondents had completed some postsecondary university or vocational education prior to enrolling in their current program.
The students ranked Google, a friend, and a book as the top three places they would go to find information on something they knew little about. Google was also the most popular choice for finding a scholarly article (35% of respondents), followed by the library catalogue (21%).
A large proportion of students correctly answered questions relating to identifying appropriate search terms. For example, one third of the students selected the correct combination of search concepts for a provided topic, and 77% identified that the choice of search phrase could negatively impact search results. Students also demonstrated prior knowledge of the Boolean operator AND, with 38% correctly identifying its use in the related question. Most students were also able to identify key markers of a website’s credibility.
Questions relating to ethical information use and scholarly literature proved more challenging. Almost half (45%) of the students said that they did not know the characteristics of a peer reviewed journal article. Twenty five percent of respondents indicated that citing an information source was only necessary in the case of direct quotes, with only 28% correctly identifying the need for citing both quotes and paraphrasing. Only 23% were able to select the example of a journal citation from the list presented.
Conclusion – Students enter university with existing strengths in concept identification and basic search formulation, but require the most assistance with locating and identifying scholarly literature and how to cite it appropriately in their work. The findings will inform the development of an online information literacy assessment tool to assist incoming students in identifying areas where they may require additional support as they transition to university.
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Riché, Pierre. "Jean de Salisbury et le monde scolaire du xiiè siècle." Studies in Church History. Subsidia 3 (1994): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900003227.
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Dans son Essor de la littérature latine au XIIè siècle, le père de Ghellinck écrivait: ‘sans avoir jamais professé dans une école, Jean de Salisbury est une des figures les plus représentatives du monde apparenté aux écoles dans la première moitié du XIIè siècle … C’est un agent de liaison entre l’école et le monde extra-scolaire’.
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Jeauneau, Edouard. "Jean de Salisbury et la lecture des philosophes." Studies in Church History. Subsidia 3 (1994): 77–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900003240.
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Lecture dcs philosophes, lectio philosophorum: la formule, comme telle, ne semble pas se trouver chezjean de Salisbury. En revanche, on rencontre chez lui une allusion à la lecture des lois: lectio legum aut etiam canonum. Cependant, la lecture glosée et commentée des textes philosophiques était une pièce importante dans I’enseignement de son maître Guillaume de Conches.
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Pérez, Cristina, Julia Gonzalez-Rincon, Carmen Almaraz, Soraya Curiel, Nuria Garcia, Helena Pisonero, Sagrario Gomez, et al. "A Role of JAK/STAT Pathway in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas: Exploring Its Effects for Targeted Therapy." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 4498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4498.4498.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION Development of targeted therapy in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL) patients still requires actionable mutated genes and deregulated pathways to be identified. We have recently published the mutational status of a number of human CTCL lesions, and found JAK/STAT signaling pathway to frequently harbor somatic mutations (Vaqué et al 2014). In this line of evidence, activating mutations in JAK kinases have been reported in human hematological malignancies (Kameda T1 2010) and may serve as indicators for targeted therapy. Therefore, we decided to analyze the mutational status of JAK/STAT pathway in a greater cohort of human CTCL patient samples and cell lines, by using massive parallel sequencing techniques, to shed light on its possible role in the pathogenesis and to uncover its potential as a new therapeutic target for this disease. To this end, we have studied the biological and molecular effects that targeted inhibition of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, exerts in human CTCL cells, and explore its potential use as a targeted therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS NGS: We searched for mutations in the catalytic domain of JAK and STAT genes in 39 CTCL patients using targeted NGS techniques: HaloPlex (Agilent) and sequencing in IonTorrent (LifeTech) and Illumina sequencers. Proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and DNA synthesis assays: CTCL cell lines were: My-La (MF), HH (MF) and HUT-78 (SS) (ECACC,Salisbury, UK). Effects in proliferation was assessed using CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay (Promega, USA). To analyze the effects on cell survival, we evaluated early and delayed cell death provoked by FACS using FlowCellect Annexin Red Kit (EMD Millipore Corporation, USA). The distribution of cells among different phases of the cell cycle was evaluated by FACS using propidium iodide (PI, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and Click-iT® EdU Alexa Fluor® 488 Flow Cytometry Assay Kit (Technologies-Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) according to manufacturer’s instruction. Gene expression (GEP) studies: mRNA was extracted with Trizol and mRNA Array-based expression analysis was perfomed using a Whole Human Genome Agilent 4 × 44K v1 Oligonucleotide Microarray. RESULTS: Using our approach we found JAK/STAT pathway mutated in up to 24% of the CTCL samples. 3 mutations were found in JAK1, 5 in JAK3 and 1 in STAT5A genes. Interestingly, most of these mutations affected the tyrosine kinase domain of JAK kinases, a hotspot for activating mutations described in multiple types of human cancer. Thereafter, we decided to explore the biological effects of targeted JAK/STAT inhibition, using specific JAK inhibitors (JAKi) in preclinical CTCL models. To this end, CTCL cell lines were incubated at different time points with increasing concentrations of JAKi. These treatments inhibited JAK/STAT signaling in CTCL cells, as assessed by western-blot using P-STAT-1,-3 and -5 antibodies. Biologically, JAKi provoked a marked inhibition of cell proliferation by a mechanism impinging the control of DNA replication. This was accompanied with a modest increase in cell death. To better understand the molecular mechanisms controlled by aberrant JAK/STAT signaling, we also performed an array-based mRNA expression analysis (GEP) in HUT78 cell line (JAK1Y654F) treated at different time points (0, 0.5 and 3h) with JAKi (at a concentration of IC50). Our results showed a number of genes regulated by JAK/STAT signaling which activity has been described as T-cell activation, differentiation and proliferation (i.e. PAG1,TNF or EGR1).These genes may serve as potential indicators for therapy using JAK/STAT inhibitors or as surrogate markers for drug response. CONCLUSIONS Our results show frequent mutations affecting JAK/STAT downstream signaling in samples from patients with CTCL. Targeted inhibition of this pathway reveals an aberrant CTCL growing controlled by this signaling. Thus, these results provide evidence for the use of JAK/STAT inhibitors on the basis of a targeted massive sequencing analysis in specific cases of CTCL. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Dines, Ilya. "The Earliest Use of John of Salisbury’s Policraticus: Third Family Bestiaries." Viator 44, no. 1 (January 2013): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.viator.1.103144.
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Pérez, Cristina, Nuria Garcia, David San Segundo, Marcos Lopez Hoyos, Margarita Sanchez Beato, Nerea Martinez, Jose Pedro Vaqué, and Miguel Angel A. Piris. "Novel Approaches For Targeted Therapy In Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 3834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3834.3834.
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Abstract Introduction Development of targeted therapy for Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL) patients still requires actionable mutated genes and deregulated pathways to be identified and explored. Although it has been proposed that neoplastic CTCL cells feature increased TCR downstream signaling and also a degree of phenotypic plasticity, the mechanistic nature of the pathogenesis of this disease remains essentially unveiled. Our laboratory has recently studied the mutational status of a number of human CTCL lesions, and detected TCR/PLCG1 and JAK/STAT signaling pathways frequently mutated. Taking advantage of these findings, we have explored the biological effects that targeted inhibition, using specific inhibitors of the two afore mentioned signaling pathways, exerts in proliferation, survival and phenotype in a panel of human CTCL cell lines. Our results suggest that TCR/PLCG1 and JAK/STAT pathways can control proliferation, survival and phenotype of CTCL cells and hence can serve as potential targets for mono or combinatorial therapy in CTCL patients. Material and Methods Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cell lines used were HH (MF) and MJ (MF) obtained from ATCC (Rockville, MD, US ) and My-La (MF) and HUT-78 (SS) obtained from ECACC (Salisbury, UK).Cell proliferation analyses were performed using CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay kit (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) with the appropriate amount of inhibitor. Apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry using FlowCellect Annexin Red Kit (EMD Millipore Corporation, Billerica, USA). All data were detected on a FACS Calibur flow cytometer (BD) and analyzed using CellQuest Pro software (BD). Treg/Th17 phenotype was determined by flow cytometry. Cells were stained with monoclonal antibodies: anti-CD4-allophycocyanin (APC)-Cy7 (clone SK3, Becton Dickinson, San Diego, CA). Monoclonal antibodies to detect intracellular antigens were: anti-Foxp3-PE (clone PCH101, eBiosciences, San Diego, CA), anti-RORgt-APC (clone AFKJS-9, eBioscience, San Diego, CA), and IgG2a isotype controls conjugated with PE and APC. The cells were acquired by flow cytometer (FACS Canto-II, Becton Dickinson). Results To test both the effect that inhibition of PLCG1 downstream signaling and the effect that inhibition of JAK downstream signaling provokes in CTCL cell lines, they were incubated with increasing concentrations of specific CaN and JAK inhibitors like FK506 and INCB018424 respectively or DMSO (vehicle) for 0, 24 and 48 h. The results show that increasing concentrations of FK506 affected the proliferation and survival of CTCL cells in a concentration dependent manner. But in the case of INCB018424 inhibitor mainly affects CTCL cell proliferation versus survival. The combined use of FK506 and INCB018424 produced a significant greater inhibition of CTCL cell proliferation than each inhibitor alone except of HUT-78, where the combined treatment was not significant (Figure 1). Because of neoplastic T-cells can acquire Treg and/or Th17 phenotypes at different stages of the disease (Tiemessen, M.M. et al. 2006) and that there is a CTCL phenotypic plasticity(Abraham, Zhang et al. 2011) (Eisenstein and Williams 2009) (Hoechst, Gamrekelashvili et al. 2011), we have decided to study these phenotypes in the four CTCL cell lines. Strikingly we found that most cells in all CTCL cell lines were double positive for the expression of Treg and Th17 markers (Figure 2). The expression of the Treg and Th17 lineage markers (FoxP3 and RORγt respectively) after treatment with FK506 and INCB018424 were tested. FK506 provoked an unbalance in the expression of the Treg and Th17 markers in all CTCL cell lines. (Figure 3). Conclusions These results are the first evidences for the use of a combinatorial targeted therapy developed on the basis of a mutational analysis in CTCL, which in the future may serve as a lead to explore into detail about a potential utilization of this therapeutical approach in the clinic. Surprisingly, our results evidence a novel hybrid Treg/Th17 phenotype in our panel of CTCL cell lines, that we could alter by interfering specifically with TCR/PLCG1 and/or JAK/STAT downstream signaling using FK506 and/or INCB018424 respectively. Although these are still primary results, it will be important to explore how to take clinical advantage of these phenotypic characteristics in patients. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Self-Trail, Jean M., Marci M. Robinson, Timothy J. Bralower, Jocelyn A. Sessa, Elizabeth A. Hajek, Lee R. Kump, Sheila M. Trampush, et al. "Shallow marine response to global climate change during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, Salisbury Embayment, USA." Paleoceanography 32, no. 7 (July 2017): 710–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017pa003096.
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Schwenoha, Simon. "Peter Salisbury: Risk Perception and Appetite in UAE Foreign and National Security Policy. London: Chatham House, Juli 2020." SIRIUS – Zeitschrift für Strategische Analysen 4, no. 4 (November 25, 2020): 499–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sirius-2020-4015.
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De Araujo, Nicolas. "Une traduction oubliée du Policraticus de Jean de Salisbury par François Eudes de Mézeray (1639), par Nicolas de Araujo." Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes 164, no. 2 (2006): 581–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bec.2006.463713.
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Michel, Alain. "À propos de l’Édit de Nantes : la tradition latine et la tolérance." Études littéraires 32, no. 1-2 (April 12, 2005): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/501253ar.
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Si le mot n'est pas fréquent dans les textes de l'Antiquité, l'esprit de la tolérance y préside par la culture humaniste du doute critique qui diffère sans cesse la certitude et partant l'intolérance intellectuelle. Avec Cicéron, la tolérance apparaît au principe d'une pensée dialectique et au centre de la réflexion morale. Et cette pensée de la tolérance jette déjà les bases du conflit perdurant qu'instaure la notion de tolérance, clivée entre liberté individuelle et exigences d'un droit collectif pour tous. Les débats religieux dans l'empire romain, divisé entre paganisme et christianisme, en seront la preuve. Le triomphe de l'Église au Moyen Âge aurait pu signifier sans exception une ère de dogmatisme ; il n'en reste que s'y font entendre la voix de Jean de Salisbury, ensuite celle deThomas d'Aquin.À la Renaissance, la notion resurgit en deux thèses opposées, celle d'un exercice privé chez Juste Lipse et celle d'un exercice collectif de la liberté de conscience que prône Jean Bodin : l'Édit de Nantes réalisera un compromis, il sera aussi le produit d'une histoire ancienne qui recouvre les raisons plus présentes de sa promulgation.
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Forbes, Allan. "A Historical Perspective on WRESAT, the First Satellite Launched from Australian Soil." Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 118–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v6n1.144.
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Just over fifty years ago, on 29 November 1967 at 2:19 pm (local time), a small scientific satellite named the Weapons Research Establishment SATellite (WRESAT) was launched from Woomera, South Australia. It had been designed and constructed by engineers, scientists and technicians from the Weapons Research Establishment, Salisbury, South Australia; it had a payload of scientific instruments put together by the Physics Department at Adelaide University; and it was sent into orbit at the sharp end of a modified Redstone rocket, a gift from the United States. All of this was achieved in less than 12 months; and it made Australia the third country in the world to launch a satellite into space from its own territory, after the USSR and the USA. This paper is the author's personal account of his part in the project, where he was involved first with the satellite's telemetry system and then with a temporary extension to Oodnadatta of Woomera's flight safety system. The paper goes on to describe events following the successful launch, and the celebration of the 50th anniversary in 2017. Finally, there is a discussion of the politics and technologies behind WRESAT.
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Forbes, Allan. "A Historical Perspective on WRESAT, the First Satellite Launched from Australian Soil." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 118–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v6n1.144.
Full textAbstract:
Just over fifty years ago, on 29 November 1967 at 2:19 pm (local time), a small scientific satellite named the Weapons Research Establishment SATellite (WRESAT) was launched from Woomera, South Australia. It had been designed and constructed by engineers, scientists and technicians from the Weapons Research Establishment, Salisbury, South Australia; it had a payload of scientific instruments put together by the Physics Department at Adelaide University; and it was sent into orbit at the sharp end of a modified Redstone rocket, a gift from the United States. All of this was achieved in less than 12 months; and it made Australia the third country in the world to launch a satellite into space from its own territory, after the USSR and the USA. This paper is the author's personal account of his part in the project, where he was involved first with the satellite's telemetry system and then with a temporary extension to Oodnadatta of Woomera's flight safety system. The paper goes on to describe events following the successful launch, and the celebration of the 50th anniversary in 2017. Finally, there is a discussion of the politics and technologies behind WRESAT.
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Shehzad, Sofia. "ROLE OF JOURNALS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES." Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.1-1.233.
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Medical science has progressed leaps and bounds over the past century or so. New concepts and understandings have developed overtime broadening the scope of scientific knowledge in terms of diagnosis and management of various diseases. Surgical procedures have become highly technical with surgeons world over, keen to try and adapt to the changing trends and requirements from time to time.
The medical field is one which has always relied on sharing of knowledge amongst the stake holders especially the doctors and paramedical staff in an effort to learn from each other’s experience. The need for this co-operation and co-ordination in this day and age is beyond the iota of any doubt.
One way for a constructive exchange of ideas and knowledge amongst the medical personnel is to rely on details of one’s experiences and views to be published in peer review journals accessible to others for enhancing the horizon of their professional practice The importance and impact of Medical journals was best described by a Chicago Physician Salisbury JH in 1906 as follows; “Medical school is attended, as a rule, but once in a lifetime; the meetings of the medical society are usually infrequent, but the medical journal, like the newspaper, is an ever-present friend whose influence and advice are potent for good or evil. 1”
To derive maximum benefit from published work it is important to ensure global review of research work and have a constant exchange of ideas2 by way of constructive criticism.
To ensure the credibility of their published journals, most of the editorial boards strive to attain high standards of published material. Research work in the form of original articles are favored by most medical journals supplemented by book reviews, reviews of clinical practice, case reports, readers' letters, and their own editorials.3 Their significance is described as under;
Original articles give information about objectives, methods, results, discussion and conclusions of a new research.
Reviews are an overview of one particular topic of clinical Also included under this umbrella are systematic reviewsand meta-analysis.
Reports of clinical cases of special interest or a short series of case reports are now sparingly published in journals.
Readers letters and the editors own views on varied subjects adds to the amplitude of a journal.
In spite of their importance in disseminating key health information, medical journals have often have had a tenuous existence with a constantly changing spectrum and many journals struggling to define their role.
A lot depends on the quality of printed material and readiness of the reading physician to accept the findings printed.Various modalities are used to rate journals for the benefit of their readers.
Peer reviewed journals are now accepted as a norm for any publication to be deemed credible. With growing awareness other portals such as impact factor devised by’ Eugene Garfield’ are now frequently quoted to define the quality of a journal. Impact factor is a measure of average number of citations to recent published articles in an academic journal. It is calculated by taking into account the number of times that all items published in a journal over the period of 2 consecutive years are cited by indexed publications in the following e.g. year and dividing it by the total number of citable items published by that journal over the period of the 2 years in question. However it will be inappropriate to use it as a mean of comparison between different journals because it cannot be consistently reproduced in an independent audit4 , the speed of publication varies amongst disciplines and the nature of published articles (e.g. review articles which are cited more often).Way back in 1884, President Leartus Connor of America gave his vision for the medical journal as one which ought to be a medical school, a residency program, a clinical preceptor, a set of textbooks, and a medical society unto itself. He concluded, “it is the great unifier of the past and present, the diffuser of all new facts, new thoughts, all new and better appliances for the study of the human body and for the relief of its derangements5” Almost a century and three decades later his words have been imbibed in history as a guiding principle to define the role of journals in medical science.
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Fawcett, H. "RCRA corrective action manual in two volumes, by Marc N. Sperber, Contributing Editor: D.P. Flynn, published in approx. 800 pages in two loose-leaf binders, by Thompson Pub. Group, 747 Third Ave., New York, NY 10017, USA, 1994, price US$ 420.60 (includes postage, handling, and monthly supplements), order from Thompson Publishing Group, 1725 N. Salisbury Blvd., Salisbury, MD 21801-3351, USA, tel. 1-800-925-1878 or fax 1-410-543-2921." Journal of Hazardous Materials 38, no. 2 (August 1994): 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(94)80061-8.
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Kozachuk, Oleh, and Grigore Vasilescu. "The Problem of Ethnopolitical Stability in Central and Eastern Europe and Theoretical Framework for the New Institutionalism." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 37-38 (December 18, 2018): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2018.37-38.249-255.
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Modern Europe suffers from political instability which is caused by Russian foreign policy above all. The complex nature of the Russian Federation's efforts in order to instrumentalize the divide etimperaprinciple is becoming increasingly apparent. Killing the wedge between the European powers is a guarantee of the lack of consensus in the decision making in response to the aggressive and dangerous behavior of Moscow in the global dimension (Crimea annexation, aggression in the East of Ukraine, support of B. Assad in Syria and the formation of uncontrolled waves of migration, interference with the electoral process in the USA, chemical attack in Salisbury, UK, a permanent blockage of the work of the UN Security Council etc.). Unfortunately, at the level of bilateral relations, there are also attempts to disperse neighboring states, in particular on ethnonational grounds (frequent provocations involving Russian special services in the border towns of Ukraine, Poland, and Hungary). In this regard, the problem of ensuring ethnopolitical stability in the region becomes extremely relevant, and even more vital.
It is worth noting that Ukraine not only offers the study of its own experience for the development of a common policy in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe; Ukrainian scientists carry out comprehensive conceptual studies on ethnopolitical stability and the ways to ensure it, making their work useful for the European community.
The problem of ethnopolitical stability is of great practical importance not only for Ukraine but also for Moldova. The neighbouring state has been suffering from the targeted actions of the Russian Federation since 1992, which uses the peculiarities of the ethnic composition of Moldova, its history and the language issue for producing an ethnopolitical destabilization’s zone on the border with Ukraine. Obviously, Moldova (as well as Ukraine) faces (and will face) a lot of difficulties, including ethnopolitical in its path towards EU. However, the clear crystallization of national interests, the understanding of these national interests by the general public will be a reliable fence in the inspiration of ethnopolitical instability, both in Moldova and in Ukraine.
Keywords: ethnicity, ethnopolitical stability, new institutionalism, instrumentalization, Central and Eastern Europe
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Soreghan, Gerilyn S., Laurent Beccaletto, Kathleen C. Benison, Sylvie Bourquin, Georg Feulner, Natsuko Hamamura, Michael Hamilton, et al. "Report on ICDP Deep Dust workshops: probing continental climate of the late Paleozoic icehouse–greenhouse transition and beyond." Scientific Drilling 28 (December 1, 2020): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sd-28-93-2020.
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Abstract. Chamberlin and Salisbury's assessment of the Permian a century ago captured the essence of the period: it is an interval of extremes yet one sufficiently recent to have affected a biosphere with near-modern complexity. The events of the Permian – the orogenic episodes, massive biospheric turnovers, both icehouse and greenhouse antitheses, and Mars-analog lithofacies – boggle the imagination and present us with great opportunities to explore Earth system behavior. The ICDP-funded workshops dubbed “Deep Dust,” held in Oklahoma (USA) in March 2019 (67 participants from nine countries) and Paris (France) in January 2020 (33 participants from eight countries), focused on clarifying the scientific drivers and key sites for coring continuous sections of Permian continental (loess, lacustrine, and associated) strata that preserve high-resolution records. Combined, the two workshops hosted a total of 91 participants representing 14 countries, with broad expertise. Discussions at Deep Dust 1.0 (USA) focused on the primary research questions of paleoclimate, paleoenvironments, and paleoecology of icehouse collapse and the run-up to the Great Dying and both the modern and Permian deep microbial biosphere. Auxiliary science topics included tectonics, induced seismicity, geothermal energy, and planetary science. Deep Dust 1.0 also addressed site selection as well as scientific approaches, logistical challenges, and broader impacts and included a mid-workshop field trip to view the Permian of Oklahoma. Deep Dust 2.0 focused specifically on honing the European target. The Anadarko Basin (Oklahoma) and Paris Basin (France) represent the most promising initial targets to capture complete or near-complete stratigraphic coverage through continental successions that serve as reference points for western and eastern equatorial Pangaea.