Academic literature on the topic 'US domestic airline market'
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Journal articles on the topic "US domestic airline market"
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Fu, Xiaowen, Martin Dresner, and Tae H. Oum. "Effects of transport service differentiation in the US domestic airline market." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 47, no. 3 (May 2011): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2010.11.002.
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Zhang, Yunzhou, and Linda Nozick. "Investigating the Pricing Impacts of the American Airlines and US Airways Merger." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 23 (April 19, 2018): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118758682.
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In 2013, American Airlines merged with US Airways creating the largest airline in the world. This paper analyzes this merger’s effect on domestic airline ticket pricing using the Department of Transportation’s 10% ticket sample. This analysis confirmed insights that have been identified in prior analyses including in which there is heightened competition, prices are lower. It also demonstrates again that mergers can be correlated with rising prices. What is perhaps novel is that although legacy carriers generally increased prices post-merger, low-cost carriers did not appear to have that same freedom. Rather, they lowered prices, and those fare reductions were largest in markets for which American Airlines and US Airways played a larger role pre-merger.
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Crystal, Jonathan. "Globalization, International Corporate Alliances, and Political Conflict: The Experience of the US Airline and Telecommunication Industries." Business and Politics 1, no. 3 (November 1999): 343–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bap.1999.1.3.343.
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The globalization of production simultaneously opens up new opportunities for firms and threatens them with intensified foreign competition. Studies of the resulting producer demands for commercial policy have not yet incorporated two recent trends: the increasing significance of the trade in services and the proliferation of international corporate alliances. With two US industries (airlines and telecommunications) as illustrative case studies, it can be seen that, to a surprising extent, even competitive global industries will seek to block foreign competitors from entering local markets via alliances. The level of political conflict in response to these alliances is related to the issue of market access at home and abroad. Market barriers abroad provide global producers with the motive for seeking contingent restrictions. Restrictions at home give domestic firms the opportunity to oppose alliances without worrying that competitors could enter the market through foreign direct investment. The model suggests some important differences in the political reactions to globalization between service and manufacturing firms.
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Minja, Ellinami. "Precision Air Services Ltd – jostling for position in Tanzanian airspace." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621111110483.
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Subject area Finance, entrepreneurship, general management. Study level/applicability MBA/Postgraduate. Case overview This case is about Precision Air Services, a small profitable airline in Tanzania, which is in the middle of a changing airline industry. In less than ten years, Mr Michael Ngaleku Shirima, the founder and then holding two-thirds of the shares together with an option to buy the remaining one-third, had seen the airline grow to a major player in the domestic market. His plans to expand to regional routes were still on the drawing board when he received a US$2 million cash offer from Kenya Airways, a much larger airline, for a 49 percent equity stake. At the same time, South African Airways – another heavyweight in the African airline industry, was in the process of acquiring a controlling stake in the state-owned Air Tanzania Corporation. To Mr Shirima, giving up a significant stake in an airline he created from scratch was a dilemma. But if that was to be, he was also interested to see that he is getting the right price for his efforts. Expected learning outcomes This case can be used to teach elements of merger and acquisition, business valuation, negotiation, strategy (corporate, international, growth), strategic scoping and planning. Supplementary materials Teaching notes.
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Cabo, Manoela, Elton Fernandes, Paulo Alonso, Ricardo Rodrigues Pacheco, and Felipe Fagundes. "Energy Effectiveness of Jet Fuel Utilization in Brazilian Air Transport." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010303.
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Since World War I, the commercial aviation industry has seen many improvements that now allow people and goods to reach the other side of the world in a few hours, consuming much less fuel than in recent decades. Improvements in cargo capacity and energy efficiency were significant, and in this scenario, commercial airlines were able to thrive and bring great benefits to the world economy. However, this sector is facing environmental challenges due to the intensive use of jet fuel. Brazil is one of the largest domestic air passenger markets in the world and still has great growth potential, considering its economic potential and territorial dimensions, which are roughly the same size as the US and twice the size of the European Union. This paper discusses the partial productivity of jet fuel in Brazilian domestic aviation and proposes an econometric method to support public regulators and airline decisions. The proposed model uses variables, such as aircraft size, route characteristics, and idle flight capacity, in a panel data analysis. The results show that reducing idle capacity is one of the best ways to achieve better short-term fuel efficiency, and therefore will reduce the environmental impacts and have positive economic effects on commercial air transport activities. This paper brings a new approach to the discussion of airline performance, focusing on the use of jet fuel, with economic and environmental consequences.
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Baumgarten, Patrick, Robert Malina, and Anne Lange. "The impact of hubbing concentration on flight delays within airline networks: An empirical analysis of the US domestic market." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 66 (June 2014): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2014.03.007.
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Coy, Steven. "Management of airline arrival performance before and after September 11, 2001 in US domestic markets." Journal of Air Transport Management 11, no. 4 (July 2005): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2004.11.005.
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Menezes Bezerra Sampaio, Raquel, and Miguel Urdanoz. "Airlines' cooperation in the US domestic market: Measuring the evolution of price gaps." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 166 (December 2022): 424–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.11.007.
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Button, K. "A Book, the Application, and the Outcomes: How Right Was Alfred Kahn in The Economics of Regulation about the Effects of the Deregulation of the US Domestic Airline Market?" History of Political Economy 47, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-2847303.
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Borenstein, Severin. "Why Can't US Airlines Make Money?" American Economic Review 101, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.233.
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US airlines have lost nearly $60 billion ($2009) in domestic markets since the 1978 deregulation, most of it in the last decade. The dismal financial record challenges the economics of deregulation. I examine some of the common explanations among industry participants and researchers—including high taxes and fuel costs, weak demand, and competition from lower-cost airlines. Major drivers seem to be the demand downturn after 9/11—demand remains much weaker today than in 2000—and the large cost differential between legacy and low-cost carriers, which has persisted even as the price differential between them has greatly declined.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "US domestic airline market"
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Kundu, Chiranjit. "Essays in Empirical Industrial Organization of US Domestic Airline Industry." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408992598.
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Wang, Ran. "Market power, cost efficiency and pricing strategies of domestic airline industry." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53930.
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This dissertation first develops a theoretical framework to enable the estimation of cost efficiency and conduct parameter without total cost data. By validating this framework using U.S. airline data, this dissertation shows the feasibility of the theoretical framework. Based on the estimates of marginal cost efficiency and conduct parameter, this dissertation also finds some support for the Quiet Life Hypothesis. In Chapter III, this dissertation analyzes the determinants for price dispersion, especially conduct parameter and cost efficiency. Generally speaking, we find negative relationship between conduct parameter and price dispersion and negative relationship between marginal cost efficiency and price dispersion. In Chapter IV, this thesis examines the dynamics that lead to high price dispersion. To be more specific, this thesis concentrates on advanced days purchased and load factor.
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Chen, Ruowei. "Airport Dominance and Airline Pricing Power: An Investigation of Hub Premiums in the Chinese Domestic Market." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8464.
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Concerns on market power conferred by airport dominance and the debates of
hub premiums have attracted longstanding attention from governments and
academics alike. Most previous studies mainly focus on the fully deregulated
markets such as the United States and Europe, what remains unknown is how
such effects change when a country evolves from a tightly controlled regime to
a deregulated market.
This research analyses the effects of airport dominance on airline pricing power
with the empirical study based on the Chinese domestic market using fixed-
effect panel data models. Results from the regression analysis indicate that
airport dominance is the most important source of pricing power in the gradually
deregulated Chinese domestic market. Hub carriers are able to charge higher
prices to premium class passengers and non-hub carriers can benefit from the
“umbrella effects” of hub premiums. However, hub carriers are not able to
translate their airport dominance to pricing power in the economy class market,
whereas non-hub carriers even have to reduce the prices as their market
shares at major airports increase. This study contributes to the literature by
explicitly segmenting the market into economy and premium classes. The
results have important policy implications.
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FIGER, VIVIAN. "THE IMPACT OF FREQUENT FLYER PROGRAMS ON MARKET COMPETITION IN THE AMERICAN DOMESTIC AIRLINE INDUSTRY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10566@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORFrequent flyer programs (FFPs) - programas de viajantes freqüentes, mais conhecidos como programas de milhagem - é um indutor de lealdade do consumidor. Ao premiar o cliente por acumular compras na companhia de forma não-linear, estes podem alterar a intensidade da competição no mercado. Estudos empíricos passados já tentaram estimar os efeitos dos FFPs nos preços. Entretando, a maioria focou em fazê-lo via dominância do aeroporto, aliança e outros. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o impacto da fatia de consumidores capturados nos preços correntes, causados pela introdução de custos artificiais de troca no mercado. A forma reduzida estimada sugere uma correlação de aproximadamente 13% entre preços correntes e a variável construída que representa um índice de fidelidade passado. O resultado é robusto a estimativas adicionais.
Frequent flyer program is a type of consumer loyalty program. By rewarding consumer in a non-linear way for accumulating purchases, it may alter the intensity of price competition. Empirical studies have measured the impact off FFP in prices. However, they focus on its impact through airport dominance, alliances and other features. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the share of locked in consumers on prices, caused by the introduction of artificial switching costs in the market. The reduced form estimates suggests a correlation of approximately 13% between current prices and the constructed variable fidelization index. The result is robust to additional estimates.
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Deniss, Dobrovolskis. "Curious case of Rotten Tomatoes : Effects of quality signalling in the US domestic motion picture market." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352040.
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Quality signalling in motion picture markets is hardly a new topic. It has been covered by many researchers over the years. However, most of the previous studies focused on quality signals in interactions between moviemakers and moviegoers. This study employs a more holistic approach as the author attempts to evaluate effects of quality signals throughout different stages of movies’ life cycle. The author has identified three audiences that movies are presented to; and, each group of audience generates a quality signal for the next audience. Based on the feedback from test audiences, moviemakers decide on when to show movies to professional critics and when to allow them to publish their reviews. Interpretation of these timelines become quality signals for the professional critics who interpret shorter time slot for review publication as a signal of the low quality of the movie and vice versa. Professional critics write their reviews which when published on review aggregators become quality signals for the moviegoers. Reviews generated by the initial moviegoers are interpreted by the moviegoers who intend to watch movies at a later stage. All three assumptions are operationalised and evaluated in a series of linear regression tests in this research on a sample containing 130 out of 134 widely released movies in the US and Canada domestic market in 2017. All of the abovementioned quality signals found to be significant as they could explain at least 40 % of the variance of respective response variables.
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Hammond, Rex. "Post-deregulation passenger selection of US airports." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/postderegulation-passenger-selection-of-us-airports(563a5b4e-6931-4288-8f2d-6ffab8c1736a).html.
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Airlines have endured a prolonged period of intense competition with the advent of deregulation in 1978. Market innovations and price-cutting dramatically expanded the number of travelers utilizing the national air transportation network. Bankruptcies and mergers reduced the number of contestants in the industry and eventually produced four national carriers controlling 80-85 percent of the passengers and routes. This new market power of the dominant airlines is resulting in industry changes designed to reduce operational uncertainty but is also having detrimental effects on many airports, particularly the smallest airports. This study employs qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the viability of the nationâs smallest primary commercial service airports. Three journal articles are fused in examining different aspects of the viability question. In Article 1, a longitudinal comparative analysis presents historic growth patterns for various sized airports during deregulation and reveals a distinctly lower growth rate for nonhub airports than their larger rivals. Even with a burgeoning market for travelers, growth for nonhub airports was anemic and the industry experienced massive passenger migration to the 60 largest airports. Article 2 addresses the topic of consumer switching, expands on extant literature with qualitative analyses, and proposes a theoretic, conceptual framework of four primary types of traveler purchasers. Each traveler type has its own distinct switching rationale and creates leakage patterns contoured to the features of their preferred airport. Building on the migration and switching findings of the first two articles, Article 3 explores converging market conditions and factors that are threatening future airline service for dozens of the smallest airports. By extracting findings from contemporary research, a comparative analysis of airports identifies 33 airports that face the highest risk of losing air service. The explanatory model places the airports in rank order by weighting various threat criteria. Qualitative interviews of air service professionals offer insider observations generally not known to the public, confirm observations found in existing research and verify that market forces are acting to reduce the number of airports in the network. The key contribution of the three articles of the thesis is its description of how key actors (firms, customers, agencies) interact and respond to policy decisions that have unintended consequences to small airports and their regional economies. There are predictable patterns in the relational linkages of these actors that contribute to our understanding of how a particular industry evolves under various pressures and how it interacts with factors outside the industry. The preponderance of the evidence from this study reveals that current market trends are generally caustic to the continued operation of small airports. Industry experts are reticent in acknowledging that the next phase of deregulation is underway with the consolidation of the nationâs nonhub airports.
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Pan, Julian Chaochuan Pan, and 潘兆娟. "Performance of Strategic Alliance in Domestic Airline Market." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82601184534203907301.
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Wu, Sung-Chuan, and 吳菘權. "Will Airline Safety Ranking Affect to Equilibrium Load Factor and Equilibrium Price of U.S Domestic Airline Market？." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u43j3k.
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碩士國立中山大學
企業管理學系研究所
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Recently, JACDEC listed the airline safety rankings, suddenly, there was a trend of airlines that explored safety and danger around the world. With the increasing demand for air transportation, many people, in addition to pursuing low ticket prices, are also paying more and more attention to the issue of flight safety, hoping to get cheap and safe airlines. Studies in the past, there have been many demand models for air passengers in the hub-and-spoken networks. A few are about safety information on how passengers make flight choices. In addition, early scholars have conducted research on service quality and safety in the U.S. domestic airline industry, then, triggering this study to explore how safety ranking affects U.S. domestic equilibrium passenger load factor and the equilibrium price. Therefore, this thesis is aimed at the U.S. domestic airline market and aims to explore how the airline safety ranking affects the equilibrium passenger load factor of the U.S. domestic airline market and its equilibrium price. After empirical analysis, it is found that people pay more attention to perceived safety than actual safety. In other words, safety ranking has a real impact on equilibrium passenger load and equilibrium price.
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Teng, Fei-Yang, and 鄧飛陽. "How to make QFD work in the strategy of Domestic airline market in Taiwan." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37984862797831529876.
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Nkululeko, Fuyane. "The influence of consumer personal values on airline choice within the South African domestic market." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27363.
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Airline choice is of interest to both airline product development and marketing personnel and academics. While most of the studies airline choice/service quality only identify airlines service attributes essential to customers, this study employed personal values to extend and provide the reasons why airline service attributes are not or essential to passengers. Personal values are presented in the literature as the ultimate life goals individuals seek to attain in all aspects of their lives; hence, guide their behaviour. Based on this, the main objective of this study was to examine and identify the consumer (passenger) personal values that underpin the evaluation of airline service attributes used to choose an airline within the South African domestic passenger market. To achieve this objective, together with the secondary objectives, a quantitative descripto-explanatory research design was employed to guide data collection and analysis. A sample of 324 respondents was selected using a hybrid technique of convenience, and snowball sampling techniques and data were collected using both an online and hardcopy questionnaire. Data obtained were sorted and cleaned for analysis using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS 26) and the Analysis of a Moment Structures (AMOS Version 26) software. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to assess factor structures of observed variables and identify latent constructs. The factorability of portrait value questionnaire (PVQ) items was determined using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Hypotheses were tested using the backward multiple regression analysis, Whitney-Mann test, Spearman correlation and hierarchical regression with Hayes’ Process Macro. The study identified five of Schwartz’s 19 refined values as significantly influencing the evaluation and prioritisation of airline service attributes. A state of indifference among customers was found when the impact of airline service attributes was tested, with only onboard services found to significantly influence post-purchase outcomes such as satisfaction, loyalty and repeat purchase behaviour. It was also found that passengers did not distinguish between low-cost and full-service carriers. Income only moderated the influence of stimulation and self-direction thought values on airline service attributes while marketing communications effort was found to have a direct than a moderating role. In the main, these findings bring a novel and rich way of explaining
airline choice through personal values. The results are essential for airline market segmentation, positioning and the development of airline products or features that match passenger desired life goals (personal values) which are touted as a guide to their choice behaviour.Ukuqoka inkampani yezindiza ozoyisebenzisa kumayelana nokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo nabasebenzi bokumaketha kanye nabacwaningi. Phezu kokuba ukucwaninga ngezindiza nokuqokwa kwazo/ ikhwalithi yesevisi kukhomba kuphela izimfanelo zesevisi ezibalulekile kumakhasimende, lolu cwaningo lumbandakanye okungamagugu abantu ukunweba nokuletha izizathu zokuthi kungani izimfanelo zesevisi zenkampani yezindiza zingabalulekile noma zibalulekile kubagibeli. Okungamagugu abantu kwethulwe ngemibhalo kwaba ngamaphupho ekusasa ahlonzwayo ezimpilweni, ngakho,ebe eqondisa indlela yokuziphatha kwabo. Kuncike kulokhu, eyona nhlosongqangi yalolu cwaningo kwaku wukuhlola nokuhlonza okungamagugu omuntu ongumthengi (umgibeli) ukusekela ukuhlolwa kwezimfanelo zesevisi ezisetshenziswa ukukhetha inkampani yezindiza azoyisebenzisa ezimakethe zalezi ezihambela ngaphakathi eNingizimu Afrika. Ukufezekisa le nhlosongqangi kanye nezinye izizathu zocwaningo, idizayini yokucwaningo ye’quantitative descripto-explanatory’ isetshenziswe ukuqokelela idatha nokuhlaziya ulwazi. Isampula yababambe iqhaza abangama-324 ikhethiwe kusetshenziswa i hybrid technique of convenience, kanye nendlela yesampula yemihlathi eyazanayo (snowball sampling), kanti idatha iqoqwe ngakho kokubili, ‘online’ namaphepha anemibuzo ebuzelwa ukuthola okuthile. Idatha etholakele ihlukanisiwe yenzelwa ukuhlaziyeka kahle kusetshenziswa iStatistical Product neService Solutions (SPSS 26) kanye ne-Analysis of a Moment Structures (AMOS Version 26) software. I-Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) yenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi izakhiwo eziyizimiso ukuqaphela okuguqukayo kwabuye kwaqashelwa ne-identify latent constructs. I- factorability yeportrait value questionnaire (PVQ) izinto zanqunywa kusetshenziswa iconfirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Umbono ube usuhlolwa kusetshenziswa ibackward multiple regression analysis, Whitney-Mann test, Spearman correlation ne hierarchical regression ene Hayes’ Process Macro. Lolu cwaningo lube nezinkomba ezinhlanu zika’Schwartz’s 19’ ezingamagugu acwengisisiwe abe nomthelela wazo ethonyeni lokuhlola nokubeka phambili kwezinkampani zezindiza izimfanelo zesevisi. Kutholwe isimo sokunganaki kubagibeli uma kuhlolwa izimfanelo zesevisi yenkampani yezindiza, kuphela nje isevisi yangaphakathi endizeni ithathwa njengebaluleke kakhulu enomthelela emiphumeleni yokuthenga kamuva okubalwa kukho ukwaneliseka kwabagibeli, ukwethembeka nokuphinda kuthengwe amanye ngokuzayo. Kutholakele ukuthi abagibeli abakwazanga ukwahlukanisa phakathi kosizo olusezingeni eliphansi nalolo olusezingeni eliphezulu. Inzuzo ibe nomthelela kuphela ekukhuthazeni isiqondiso ngasinye ngokwamagugu okuziphatha ezinsizeni zesevisi yenkampani yezindiza ngakolunye uhlangothi ezokuxhumana kwezezimakethe kuyimizamo etholakele kube neqondile kuneqhaza elisezingeni elilinganayo. Ngokwesidingo, lokhu okutholakele kwethula indlela entsha ecebileyokuchaza ukuqokwa kwezinkampani zezindiza ezisethenziswa abantu abawuhlobo oluthile. Imiphumela ibalulekile emakethe yezinkampani zezindiza ukuze kwahlukaniswe, kubekwe endaweni, kuthuthukiswe imikhiqizo yezinkampani zezindiza noma izinto ezithandwa abagibeli nezidingo zabo zempilo okuyizona eziwumhlahlandlela wokuqoka inkampani abazoyisebenzisa
Business Management
D. Com. (Business Management)
Books on the topic "US domestic airline market"
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Crocioni, Pietro. Defining the market in the airline industry: Comparing the US and EU experiences. [s.l.]: typescript, 1997.
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Tabacco, Giovanni Alberto. Airline Economics: An Empirical Analysis of Market Structure and Competition in the US Airline Industry. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.
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Tabacco, Giovanni Alberto. Airline Economics: An Empirical Analysis of Market Structure and Competition in the US Airline Industry. Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.
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Giorgio, Sacerdoti. Has China Become ‘Legally’ a Market-economy Country on 11 December 2016 under the WTO Antidumping Agreement? Analysing an Open Question. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law-iic/9780198809722.016.0010.
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The rules applicable to the antidumping investigation on China’s exports after the expiration of subparagraph (a)(ii) of Section 15 of China's Accession Protocol on 11 December 2016 are contentious. China immediately challenged both the EU and US regimes at the WTO claiming that the general WTO rules on price comparability must now be applied to its exports. The chapter concludes that Section 15(a)(i) of China’s Accession Protocol, as subsisting, still allows importing countries to treat China as a non-market economy in certain conditions. As a consequence, there is recourse to constructed value based on the prices and costs of an analogue third country instead of the domestic ones in China, if the latter are being distorted by state intervention. However, recourse to this alternative methodology cannot be ‘automatic’ anymore and the issue of which party has to prove that the imports at issue are distorted by state intervention becomes crucial.
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Jin, Dal Yong. Cultural Globalization in Korean Cinema. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039973.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the swift change experienced by the Korean film industry in conjunction with the Korean Wave. It investigates the primary causes of the roller coaster-like shifts within Korean cinema, including government cultural policies due to the significant role of the government in the midst of neoliberal globalization. It then maps out the nature of cultural hybridity in domestic films by comparing hybridized films between the Hallyu 1.0 era and the Hallyu 2.0 era. By textually analyzing film genres and themes of 240 films produced domestically between 1989 and 2012, the chapter explores not only the ways in which Korean cinema develops hybridity in domestic films, but also whether hybridity has generated new possible cultures that are free from Western influence. This eventually leads us to determine the major characteristics of hybrid Korean cinema in the Hallyu 2.0 era and its future direction in the global film market.
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Li, Yu-wai Vic. Power Plays from the Fringe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864576.003.0005.
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Implementation of global derivatives reforms and the extraterritorial application of US and EU regulations in East Asia have generated political interplays unfolded at inter-state and domestic levels. Leading jurisdictions such as Japan, Singapore, and Hong Kong have exercised “power-as-autonomy” in an attempt to push back and delay the reform agendas spearheaded by global standard-setting bodies and the leading powers. Through leveraging the influence of Asian-based foreign dealers and exploiting the transatlantic disagreements, the Asian authorities have gained some rule-making autonomy in introducing derivatives reforms in local markets. This, however, was also driven by a competitive dynamic between individual Asian jurisdictions to promote the growth of domestic derivatives markets, which experienced dramatic growth in the post-crisis years. This resulted in market rules that do not reconcile and are somewhat inconsistent with each other, making the Asian regulatory landscape more uneven and fragmented along jurisdictional lines.
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Hawthorne, Lesleyanne. Attracting and Retaining International Students as Skilled Migrants. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815273.003.0010.
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OECD countries compete to attract and retain international students as skilled migrants. By definition former international students are of prime workforce age, face no regulatory barriers, and have self-funded to meet domestic employer demand. Within the global ‘race for talent’ they have emerged as a priority human capital resource. This chapter examines the study-migration pathways that have evolved in the past decade within skilled migration policy frameworks. Three case studies are provided, assessing select challenges in the context of national debate. The first examines the UK’s attempt to reduce net migration flows and the impact of this on student migration. The second explores the retention of international doctoral students in the US amid concerns for labour market substitution rather than complementarity. The third defines the extent to which Australian employers value former international students compared to domestic graduates, including the impact of demand and demographic variables on early employment outcomes.
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Fernandes, Sujatha. Curated Stories. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190618049.001.0001.
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In the contemporary era we have seen a proliferation of storytelling activities, from the phenomenon of TED talks and Humans of New York to a plethora of story-coaching agencies and consultants. Curated Stories seeks to understand the rise of this storytelling culture alongside a broader shift to neoliberal free market economies. The book shows how in the turn to free market orders, stories have been reconfigured to promote liberal and neoliberal self-making and are restructured as easily digestible soundbites mobilized toward utilitarian ends. The reader is taken to several sites around the world where we can hear stories and observe varied contemporary modes of storytelling: the online Afghan Women’s Writing Project, the domestic workers movement and the undocumented student Dreamer movement in the United States, and the Misión Cultura storytelling project in Venezuela. Curated stories are often heartbreaking accounts of poverty and mistreatment that may move us deeply. But what do they move us to? What are the stakes, and for whom, in the crafting and mobilization of storytelling? A careful analysis of the conditions under which the stories are told, the tropes through which they are narrated, and the ways in which they are responded to shows how stories may actually work to disguise the deeper contexts of global inequality in which these marginal lives are situated. The book is also concerned with how we might reclaim storytelling as a craft that allows for the fullness and complexity of experience to be expressed in pursuit of transformative social change.
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Scott, Peter. Failure to Accelerate. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783817.003.0011.
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From an international perspective, the inter-war car industry was a British success story. Britain ranked only second to the United States as the world’s leading producer of, and market for, automobiles, owing to a relatively strong domestic market by European standards. However, while consumers’ expenditure was high, it was not deep—car ownership per capita in 1938 being around a third of US levels. This chapter examines why the British automobile sector failed to take off into mass market diffusion. A number of important factors are highlighted, including lower British wages relative to the United States; punitive vehicle and petrol taxation; and the high unit production costs incurred in serving a market too small to justify Fordist mass production. However, a more fundamental reason was the low priority given to car ownership in a relatively small, densely populated, and highly urbanized island nation with well-developed public transport networks.
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Grieve, Victoria M. “Your Grandchildren Will Grow Up Under Communism!”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190675684.003.0005.
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A potent weapon in the Cold War, advertising relied on the notion of childhood innocence to promote Cold War containment at home and to advance a crucial pillar of US Cold War ideology abroad—the superiority of free market capitalism over communism. This chapter analyzes how images of children and ideas about childhood informed several major Advertising Council public service campaigns as well as consumer advertising during the 1950s. The distinction between domestic advertising and foreign propaganda during the Cold War was often a fine one, as both routinely used images of children to represent the nation to Americans and to potential allies around the world. In the hands of government propagandists and corporate advertisers, children simultaneously functioned as symbols of the happiness and security that could be achieved through a commitment to democratic capitalism and as symbols illustrating the nation’s vulnerability to the spread of Soviet communism.
Book chapters on the topic "US domestic airline market"
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Keeler, Theodore E. "Airline Deregulation and Market Performance: The Economic Basis for Regulatory Reform and Lessons from the US Experience." In Transport in a Free Market Economy, 121–70. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11439-9_8.
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Marchetti, Sabrina. "Care and Domestic Work." In IMISCOE Research Series, 13–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11466-3_2.
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AbstractThe transnational migration of women (and some men) as domestic and care workers is based on the increasing expansion of a private market which is recruiting workers, mainly in the Global South, to perform tasks relating to reproductive labour in wealthier countries. To understand the experience of these workers, it is important to consider how this labour market differs from others. It cannot be reduced to payment for the performance of tasks. It is also undoubtedly affected by the private realm in which it takes place. Some scholars have argued that the uniqueness of this labour market lies in the intimacy that it is charged with, as a consequence of the physicality of care work, the privacy of the domestic setting in which it takes place, and the relevance of the interpersonal dimension it entails (Parreñas & Boris, 2010). Let us look more closely at these different elements.
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Martins, Joaquim Oliveira. "Export behaviour with differentiated products: exports of Korea, Taiwan and Japan to the US domestic market." In International Trade Modelling, 37–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2150-8_3.
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Zhang, Cheryl Qianru, Amy Yamei Wang, and Eko Yi Liao. "If Winter Comes, Can Spring Be Far Behind?" In Cases on Emerging Market Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic, 90–109. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3504-5.ch005.
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This chapter discusses the impact of COVID-19 on the Chinese aviation industry. Specifically, China Southern Airlines (CSAIR) was chosen as a focal airline company, from which its approach and strategies in dealing with various challenges and difficulties brought by COVID-19 was investigated and analyzed. Challenges that airline companies faced during pandemic include a decline in traffic volume, operation funds shortage, and uncertain situations and difficulties in making predictions. The case starts with introducing general impact of COVID-19 on airline industry, followed by delineating regulations from the industry as prevention and control of the pandemic situation. It identifies several pathways to civil aviation industry recovery, namely group standard measures, fleet storage, domestic passengers flight operation, and transition to cargo flight.
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Krampen, Bernd. "Europe and Germany: The Domestic Market Remains Relevant for Us!" In Using Economic Indicators in Analysing Financial Markets, 137–59. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80455-324-420231005.
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Drobak, John N. "Lack of Competition in U.S. Markets." In Rethinking Market Regulation, 23–42. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197578957.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 shows that many product markets in the United States are not competitive, resulting in the firms’ ability to earn excess profits by charging higher prices to consumers. It analyzes the competitiveness of U.S. markets in four different ways. First, it examines the profitability of business firms to determine if their profits are so high that we can conclude that they operate in markets lacking competition. It uses the profits of the iPhone and the airline companies to illustrate this. Second, it looks at the increasing consensus by many economists that markets are becoming less competitive. These commentators include President Barack Obama’s Council of Economic Advisers, Joseph Stiglitz, and Paul Krugman. Third, it shows how an examination of the conduct of the firms in an industry can help us assess the competitiveness of that industry. Finally, it analyzes the concentration of the firms in a market as a way to determine competitiveness, examining the many studies over the past few years that show greatly increased concentration in many markets. Based on these four perspectives, the chapter argues that there is strong evidence of a lack of competition in many markets, which shifts the burden to those who oppose government regulation to demonstrate that there actually is viable competition that sufficiently constraints the firms.
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Heinemann, Kieran. "The Profit Motive." In Playing the Market, 162–89. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864257.003.0006.
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Throughout the twentieth century, Britain was haunted by debates over its allegedly poor relationship between domestic industry and the financial sector. This controversy reached a climax in 1976 with the Committee to Review the Functioning of Financial Institutions chaired by the former Labour Prime Minister Harold Wilson. Tasked to investigate the claim that British finance was starving out domestic industry, the Wilson Committee gathered evidence from the financial sector, businesses, and organized labour. What has been overlooked is that the committee also invited members of the public to provide testimony of their experiences with financial institutions and between 1976 and 1980 the committee received letters from 258 small savers and retail investors. These personal testimonies allow us to gain a rare insight into the ways in which ordinary savers and investors navigated through a decade of economic turmoil. Making sense of these everyday experiences with the financial markets allows us to better understand the appeal of Margaret Thatcher’s market populism that eventually offered a more optimistic future to an electorate weary of inflation. It also adds colour to our notion of the 1970s as a traumatic period for British savers and investors, at the end of which a more welcoming appraisal of the profit motive emerged in public discourse. But at the same time, with many investors feeling compelled by inflation rates to take higher risks, the decade heralded the acquisitive, short-term, and speculative approach to finance that came to dominate the 1980s.
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Keo, Caitlyn, Caroline Krafft, and Luca Fedi. "Rural Women in Egypt." In The Egyptian Labor Market, 225–56. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847911.003.0009.
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This chapter investigates the lives and livelihoods of rural women in Egypt. Rural women have lower economic participation, by standard measures, than urban women or men. This chapter introduced additional measures of economic participation and found that standard measures vastly underestimated the economic engagement of rural women. These additional measures also allowed us to better delineate the nature of women’s contributions to the economy and society. Rural women were frequently engaged in tending livestock, in household non-farm enterprises, and domestic work. Rural women had distinct patterns of family formation, with higher rates of early marriage than urban women and higher fertility rates. Although gender role attitudes were equitable in some respects, such as gender equality in education, other aspects, such as attitudes towards work and domestic violence, showed rural women were particularly vulnerable.
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Hassan, Said Ali, and Miral Hossam Khodeir. "A Model for Reducing the Cost of Refueling in a Flight Route Problem With Discounted Fuel Prices." In Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science, 1–27. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8040-0.ch001.
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Acquiring and purchasing fuel represents a significant part of operating and managing expenses for an airline, so commercial airline companies are implementing strategies for minimizing costs of fuel for their flight routes. A nonlinear mathematical model for the airline refueling problem is presented to minimize the total cost in a flight route problem. The model is enhanced to include possible discounts in fuel prices, which are performed by adding dummy variables and some restrictive constraints, or by fitting a suitable function that relates prices to the purchased amounts. The obtained fuel plan explains exactly the amounts of fuel to be purchased from each airport in the route. A case study is introduced for a certain flight rotation in a domestic US air aviation company. The mathematical model including stepped discounted fuel prices is formulated, and the results show that introducing the discounted fuel prices dramatically change the strategy of fuel purchase amounts in the aircraft flight problem.
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Godwin, T. "An Empirical Analysis of Delhi - Mumbai Sector Flight Fares." In Research Anthology on Reliability and Safety in Aviation Systems, Spacecraft, and Air Transport, 1477–95. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5357-2.ch062.
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Revenue management is the art and science of making the right product or service available to the right customer at the right time through the right channel at right price. Dynamic pricing plays a crucial role in the implementation of revenue management in passenger airline reservation system. The liberalization of domestic aviation sector in countries such as India has seen many new market entrants resulting in higher competition while setting the flight fares. The variation in flight fares of Delhi – Mumbai passenger airline sector is studied for a departure date based on the number of days in advance the booking is made. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses of the fares reveal the impact of airlines, booking channels and departure time windows on the pricing decisions of flight fares. The analysis framework of this study could be used as a basis for a continuous tracking study of flight fares by airline revenue managers to help them arrive at the right fare for each fare class of a flight.
Conference papers on the topic "US domestic airline market"
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Zhao, Xiaoshuo. "Research on the Development Strategy of Domestic Airline Market under "The Belt and Road"." In Proceedings of the 2017 5th International Education, Economics, Social Science, Arts, Sports and Management Engineering Conference (IEESASM 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ieesasm-17.2018.110.
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Zheng, Yi, Jianan Xie, Hanfei Yu, and Nuan Song. "Covid-19's Impact On The Airline Industry In The US Stock Market Based on the Regression Model." In 2021 3rd International Conference on Machine Learning, Big Data and Business Intelligence (MLBDBI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mlbdbi54094.2021.00057.
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Sakız, Burcu. "Risk Management and Airline Sector by Using Financial Ratios - An Application." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01825.
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The growing airline transportation in the world and Turkey in recent years has increased the importance of airline passenger and cargo transportation operations and has brought intense competition in the domestic and international airlines market. Under intense competition, it is of utmost importance to capture the sustainable success of an ever-evolving and growing market by accurately assessing the financial performance and risks of businesses. In addition to the financial ratios generally used in all sectors, a number of indicators specific to the airline industry are used to assess the financial status of companies operating in the airline industry. These ratios and indicators will be calculated to compare for past periods and years, to assess risks for the future, to make forecasts, to report, to be able to see the financial status of the business concerned and to plan and make decisions in a more healthy and accurately. In this paper, after literature review, one of the most important financial risk evaluation model Altman Z’’ score is examined and an application with Turkish Airlines’ quarterly last 3 years financial data is evaluated.
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Wang, Ruohan, and Xiangyu Shi. "Assessing the Impact of the Covid-19 on the US Airline Market Using an Instrumental Variable and a DID Empirical Strategy." In ICIBE 2022: 2022 The 8th International Conference on Industrial and Business Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3568834.3569519.
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Crawford, David, and Harrison Akins. "Promoting US Readiness for Developing the SMR Supply Chain." In ASME 2011 Small Modular Reactors Symposium. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smr2011-6579.
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The U.S. Nuclear Infrastructure Council (NIC) is undertaking various initiatives to develop strategies and facilitate U.S. manufacturing readiness in the near-term to meet U.S. and global demands for new nuclear builds. Job creation and clean energy benefits arise from new nuclear builds, and the development of the Small Modular Reactor (SMR) supply chain is critical to realizing these positive attributes of nuclear energy. Opportunities exist for the U.S. nuclear industry to build its SMR supply chain capabilities in order to take advantage of expanded nuclear energy utilization. This presentation will provide, first, a brief overview of the challenges which exist for the development of the domestic SMR supply chain, such as expanding industrial capacity, promoting workforce development, ensuring American competitiveness in the global energy market, resolving licensing issues, and securing financing. Secondly, the presentation will discuss why the United States and, in particular, the nuclear industry should respond to these challenges. This is important in helping to shape the future political debates and form recommendations that will help promote the SMR supply chain industry and its role in expanding the demand and infrastructure for nuclear energy. Finally, the presentation will look at NIC recommendations in the supply chain area to support SMRs and other nuclear power plant deployments.
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Rad, Nataliya. "Ukraine Pension System and Financial Markets: Conceptualization Problems." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00233.
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The paper analyzes some aspects of Ukrainian pension system formation. All its three levels taken as a whole are a real source for the formation of domestic investment resources and implementation of their potential through financial market instruments. At the present stage relationship of these two institutes is pronounced in the frameworks of non-state pension funds. Implementation of the accumulative level of pension system has only to accelerate processes at work. Investigation is focused on the problems of integrating pension system investment resource into financial market infrastructure. It is noted that in the current conditions infrastructure of domestic financial market is being formed. Its instruments are developed and are functioning irregularly. However, there exist general problems that require their solution. They are related to insufficient operational capacity and efficiency of financial market regulating mechanism and other factors. Analysis of the quality of implementation of financial market basic macroeconomic function associated with redistribution of pension savings allowed us to make conclusion on the incompatibility of the achieved level of its development with the current needs adjusted for pension reform. Proposals for improvement of the concept of pension system and financial market along the lines of their harmonization and enhancement of the functioning efficiency in the context of social-economic development of Ukraine are worked out.
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Varner, Hannah M., Sahil R. Shah, and Amos G. Winter. "The Determination of a Cost Optimal Design for a Multiple Stage Continuous Electrodialysis Desalination Device for Use in Domestic Point of Use Water Purification." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22670.
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Abstract There is a large and growing demand for point of use (POU) water desalination in emerging economies, such as India, where there is a large reliance on brackish (saline) groundwater reservoirs to meet drinking needs. In this work we propose a design for a two-stage continuous ED system that addresses the requirements of the Indian market while providing a higher water recovery than existing POU reverse osmosis products. Optimization was applied to minimize capital cost while ensuring 90% recovery of the feed, 90% salt reduction, and 15 L/hr of desalinated water production. The optimized design had a capital cost of approximately US$ 106, which is below the retail price of current RO purifiers on the market. Therefore, two-stage continuous ED shows promise for being a cost-competitive but water-efficient alternative to POU RO in India.
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Wang, Jianran, Xiaofang Liu, Haifeng Zhang, Qi Luo, Shihong Jiang, and Haifeng Hong. "Study of Carbody Structure Design Under Different Standards." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-67822.
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Abstract Under the background of economic globalization, more and more car-builders not only supply railway vehicles to domestic market, but also actively bidding international projects and deliver products all over the world. The railway vehicle design standards are significantly different throughout the world. Using carbody system as example, the popular standards include European standard system (EN), British standard GM/RT 2100, International Union of Railways (UIC) standard system, US standard system (AAR/APTA/ASME) and Japanese standard system (JIS). In addition, some country’s standard might have special requirement based on local conditions and culture. These various standards will inevitably present different carbody design requirements. Among the above standards, EN and US standards are applicable to Europe, China, and America, which are largest railway vehicle markets in the world. This paper will introduce the history and characteristics of the mainstream rail vehicle standards worldwide and analyze the relationship between standard and vehicle design. Light Rail Vehicle (LRV), subway and commuter rail vehicle (multi-level vehicle) are selected as typical examples for the interpretation and application of US standard and EN standard separately. The 3 major requirements of carbody design, including static strength, fatigue strength and crashworthiness, are compared between US and EN standards to specify the general difference as well as the influence on the carbody design, such as material distribution, structure development, which could provide valuable reference for researchers and engineers in the rail vehicle industry to define and design new products more efficiently across different country’s rail standards.
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Sánchez, Carola, José Macías, Jonathan León, Geancarlos Zamora, and Guillermo Soriano. "Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Thermal Performance of a Thermosiphon Flat-Plate Solar Collector for Water Heating in Ecuadorian Coastal Region." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71944.
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Passive solar water heating (SWH) is a convenient method to meet domestic hot water requirements in rural areas, where electricity may not be available or fuel supply might be limited due to difficult access. In this work, a low-cost thermosiphon flat-plate solar collector alternative is presented. The design was purposely limited to materials and recyclable products widely available in the local market, such as Tetra Pak, plastic bottles, and polypropylene (PP) fittings and pipes. Since PP is a thermoplastic polymer, a poor heat conductor, it was necessary to ensure a suitable system isolation to obtain an optimum thermal performance, comparable to commercial solar collectors. The design was built and tested in Guayaquil, Ecuadorian coastal city. Six inexpensive temperature sensors were placed at the entrance and exit of the collector, on the flat-plate and inside the hot water storage tank. Data was recorded using an Arduino single-board computer and later analyzed with the data gathered via weather station. The implementation costs of the system are approximately US$300, the overall performance during January 2017 fluctuated between 54% and 23%, and the storage tank temperature range varied from to 46°C to 33°C. Due to its reliability and affordable cost, the SWH system is an attractive alternative to an Ecuadorian commercial solar flat plate collector, which price is set between US$600 and US$700, it has an efficiency around 60%, and the average annual storage tank temperature is 62°C.
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Galvan, Irma Irais, Genesis Lo Mallanao-Aquino, Garry McClelland, James Heath Myatt, and Ross Howell. "A Multidisciplinary Method for Tackling CT Ops in Well Laterals Exceeding 15,000 ft in the US." In SPE/ICoTA Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209021-ms.
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Abstract With the goal of providing predictable and repeatable performance in extended laterals exceeding 15,000-ft, customized coiled tubing (CT) solutions that minimize risk and improve overall field economics are driving the industry in unconventional shale resources. This paper documents the multidisciplinary approach taken to improve operational key performance indicators (KPIs) in extended reach operations, which contributed to the engineering of the largest CT ever manufactured to service super laterals well in North America. The newest well trajectories involve extensive planning for post-frac plug mill-out and clean-out operations which demand bigger CT sizes and greater pumping pressures to efficiently accomplish the work. Ahead of these interventions, careful job planning involves thorough tubing forces, hydraulics analysis, exact location and number of plugs, fluid selection, and scheduling, in addition to an optimized CT string profile and grade. Upon execution of the operations, results of the post-job analysis of metrics and tubing forces collected from multiple wells were used to feed the analysis of subsequent operations to further improve performance and resolve any previous issues. Field collected data along with surveys for projected well drillouts fed into the iterative string design methodology that produced a record-breaking string profile of 2.625-in outer diameter with over 30,000-ft in length, using custom-fit wall thickness configurations that featured up to 0.276-in thickness and quench-and-temper 130,000-psi grade materials. This CT engineered solution surpassed 187,000-lbs of combined weight, becoming an important milestone for domestic CT interventions logistics. Analyses have also shown the need for vibration tools and chemical additives to further extend lateral reach. Operational changes to accommodate this record-setting CT string included the use of the largest capacity CT units in the market and high-powered injector equipment. Additionally, tailored operating techniques helped reduce the average rate of penetration through plugs and stall times, consequently, reducing overall job completion times. As this paper documents the speed at which the demand for larger and longer CT is growing, continuous innovation is needed in the CT industry. Capabilities of surface equipment, downhole tools, CT materials, and highly engineered string configurations, must be pushed ahead of their current specifications to set CT accessibility records in super lateral wells (Galvan, et.al., 2017).
Reports on the topic "US domestic airline market"
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López-Piñeros, Martha Rosalba, Norberto Rodríguez-Niño, and Miguel Sarmiento. Política monetaria y flujos de portafolio en una economía de mercado emergente. Banco de la República de Colombia, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1200.
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Portfolio flows are an important source of funding for both private and public agents in emerging market economies. In this paper, we study the influence of changes in domestic and US monetary policy rates on portfolio inflows in an emerging market economy and discriminate among fixed income instruments (government securities and other corporate bonds) and variable income instruments (shares). We employ monthly data on portfolio inflows of non-residents in Colombia during the period 2011-2020 and identify the monetary policy shocks using a SVAR model with long-run restrictions. We find a positive and statistically significant response of portfolio inflows in government securities and corporate bonds to changes in both domestic and US monetary policy rates. Portfolio inflows in the stock market react more to changes in the inflation rate and do not react to changes in monetary policy rates. Our findings are consistent with the predictions of the interest rate channel and reestablish the predominant role of inflation rate in driving portfolio inflows. The results suggest that domestic and US monetary policy actions have an important effect on the behavior of portfolio inflows in emerging economies.
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Plant Protection and Quarantine: Helping U.S. Agriculture Thrive--Across the Country and Around the World, 2016 Annual Report. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7207241.aphis.
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For Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) and our partners, 2016 was a year of remarkable successes. Not only did we eradicate 10 fruit fly outbreaks, but we also achieved 4 years with zero detections of pink bollworm, moving us one step closer to eradicating this pest from all commercial cotton-growing areas of the continental United States. And when the U.S. corn industry faced the first-ever detection of bacterial leaf streak (Xanthomonas vasicular pv vasculorum), we devised a practical and scientific approach to manage the disease and protect valuable export markets. Our most significant domestic accomplishment this year, however, was achieving one of our agency’s top 10 goals: eliminating the European grapevine moth (EGVM) from the United States. On the world stage, PPQ helped U.S. agriculture thrive in the global market-place. We worked closely with our international trading partners to develop and promote science-based standards, helping to create a safe, fair, and predictable agricultural trade system that minimizes the spread of invasive plant pests and diseases. We reached critical plant health agreements and resolved plant health barriers to trade, which sustained and expanded U.S. export markets valued at more than $4 billion. And, we helped U.S. producers meet foreign market access requirements and certified the health of more than 650,000 exports, securing economic opportunities for U.S. products abroad. These successes underscore how PPQ is working every day to keep U.S. agriculture healthy and profitable.
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Financial Stability Report - September 2015. Banco de la República, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2015.
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From this edition, the Financial Stability Report will have fewer pages with some changes in its structure. The purpose of this change is to present the most relevant facts of the financial system and their implications on the financial stability. This allows displaying the analysis more concisely and clearly, as it will focus on describing the evolution of the variables that have the greatest impact on the performance of the financial system, for estimating then the effect of a possible materialization of these risks on the financial health of the institutions. The changing dynamics of the risks faced by the financial system implies that the content of the Report adopts this new structure; therefore, some analyses and series that were regularly included will not necessarily be in each issue. However, the statistical annex that accompanies the publication of the Report will continue to present the series that were traditionally included, regardless of whether or not they are part of the content of the Report. In this way we expect to contribute in a more comprehensive way to the study and analysis of the stability of the Colombian financial system. Executive Summary During the first half of 2015, the main advanced economies showed a slow recovery on their growth, while emerging economies continued with their slowdown trend. Domestic demand in the United States allowed for stabilization on its average growth for the first half of the year, while other developed economies such as the United Kingdom, the euro zone, and Japan showed a more gradual recovery. On the other hand, the Chinese economy exhibited the lowest growth rate in five years, which has resulted in lower global dynamism. This has led to a fall in prices of the main export goods of some Latin American economies, especially oil, whose price has also responded to a larger global supply. The decrease in the terms of trade of the Latin American economies has had an impact on national income, domestic demand, and growth. This scenario has been reflected in increases in sovereign risk spreads, devaluations of stock indices, and depreciation of the exchange rates of most countries in the region. For Colombia, the fall in oil prices has also led to a decline in the terms of trade, resulting in pressure on the dynamics of national income. Additionally, the lower demand for exports helped to widen the current account deficit. This affected the prospects and economic growth of the country during the first half of 2015. This economic context could have an impact on the payment capacity of debtors and on the valuation of investments, affecting the soundness of the financial system. However, the results of the analysis featured in this edition of the Report show that, facing an adverse scenario, the vulnerability of the financial system in terms of solvency and liquidity is low. The analysis of the current situation of credit institutions (CI) shows that growth of the gross loan portfolio remained relatively stable, as well as the loan portfolio quality indicators, except for microcredit, which showed a decrease in these indicators. Regarding liabilities, traditional sources of funding have lost market share versus non-traditional ones (bonds, money market operations and in the interbank market), but still represent more than 70%. Moreover, the solvency indicator remained relatively stable. As for non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the slowdown observed during the first six months of 2015 in the real annual growth of the assets total, both in the proprietary and third party position, stands out. The analysis of the main debtors of the financial system shows that indebtedness of the private corporate sector has increased in the last year, mostly driven by an increase in the debt balance with domestic and foreign financial institutions. However, the increase in this latter source of funding has been influenced by the depreciation of the Colombian peso vis-à-vis the US dollar since mid-2014. The financial indicators reflected a favorable behavior with respect to the historical average, except for the profitability indicators; although they were below the average, they have shown improvement in the last year. By economic sector, it is noted that the firms focused on farming, mining and transportation activities recorded the highest levels of risk perception by credit institutions, and the largest increases in default levels with respect to those observed in December 2014. Meanwhile, households have shown an increase in the financial burden, mainly due to growth in the consumer loan portfolio, in which the modalities of credit card, payroll deductible loan, revolving and vehicle loan are those that have reported greater increases in risk indicators. On the side of investments that could be affected by the devaluation in the portfolio of credit institutions and non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the largest share of public debt securities, variable-yield securities and domestic private debt securities is highlighted. The value of these portfolios fell between February and August 2015, driven by the devaluation in the market of these investments throughout the year. Furthermore, the analysis of the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) shows that all intermediaries showed adequate levels and exhibit a stable behavior. Likewise, the fragility analysis of the financial system associated with the increase in the use of non-traditional funding sources does not evidence a greater exposure to liquidity risk. Stress tests assess the impact of the possible joint materialization of credit and market risks, and reveal that neither the aggregate solvency indicator, nor the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) of the system would be below the established legal limits. The entities that result more individually affected have a low share in the total assets of the credit institutions; therefore, a risk to the financial system as a whole is not observed. José Darío Uribe Governor