Academic literature on the topic 'Uruguay of the XX century'

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Journal articles on the topic "Uruguay of the XX century"

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Rocha, Carolina. "Ibermedia y el cine uruguayo contemporáneo." Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 2, no. 2 (2020): 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2020.220003.

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Since the last decade of the twentieth century, there has been greater audiovisual collaboration between Latin American and Spanish filmmakers and producers. The year 1998 saw the creation of Ibermedia, a program that brings together Spain and Latin American countries to collectively encourage coproductions. While it is true that the participation of Spain, a country in which Ibermedia has headquarters, and the stipulation that Spanish actors be used in the group's productions gave the impression that it was a neocolonial project, in its twenty years of existence, Ibermedia has led to continuous production of Latin American films. This essay is the first of its kind, tracing the influence of Ibermedia in the development of Uruguayan cinema in the period 1998–2018. Using data from Ibermedia and the Uruguayan Cinema and Audiovisual Institute (ICAU 2008), it is clear that Ibermedia's contributions have not only encouraged sustained film production in Uruguay and boosted the cinematographic careers of two generations of directors, but they also contributed to the passing of the 2008 film law and the creation of the ICAU. However, this study also shows that the Uruguayan coproductions financed by Ibermedia take a long time to be released and, with some exceptions, perform poorly at the box office, although they earn important awards and nominations. Desde la última década del siglo XX, existe una mayor colaboración audiovisual entre cineastas y productores latinoamericanos y españoles. En 1998, surgió Ibermedia, un programa que nuclea a países latinoamericanos y España que participan de un fondo común que fomenta coproducciones. Si bien es cierto que la participación de España, país en el cual Ibermedia tiene domicilio legal, y la condición de utilizar actores españoles dieron la impresión de que se trataba de un programa neocolonial, en sus veinte años de existencia, Ibermedia ha propiciado una producción continua de películas latinoamericanas. Este ensayo es el primero de su clase, que traza la influencia de Ibermedia en el desarrollo del cine uruguayo en el período 1998–2018. Utilizando datos de Ibermedia y del Instituto de Cine y Audiovisual del Uruguay (ICAU 2008), es posible ver cómo los aportes de Ibermedia no solo alentaron una producción uruguaya sostenida que ha impulsado las carreras cinematográficas de dos generaciones de directores, sino que también contribuyeron a la aprobación de la ley de cine del 2008 y la creación del ICAU. Sin embargo, este estudio también pone en evidencia que las coproducciones uruguayas financiadas por Ibermedia se demoran en ser estrenadas y, con algunas excepciones, tienen un débil desempeño en las taquillas, aunque consiguen premios y nominaciones de importancia. Desde a última década do século XX, ocorre maior colaboração entre cineastas e produtores latino-americanos e espanhóis. O ano de 1998 testemunhou a criação do Ibermedia, programa que reúne a Espanha e países da América Latina para incentivar coletivamente coproduções. Enquanto é verdade que a participação da Espanha, país onde o Ibermedia possui residência legal, e a estipulação que atores espanhóis possam ser usados em produções do grupo dão a impressão de que o projeto seja necolonial, em seus vinte anos de existência o Ibermedia levou à produção contínua de filmes latino-americanos. Este ensaio é o primeiro de seu gênero, traçando a influência do Ibermedia no desenvolvimento do cinema uruguaio no período de 1998 a 2018. Usando dados do Ibermedia e do Instituto Uruguaio de Cinema e Audiovisual (ICAU 2008), fica claro que as contribuições do Ibermedia não apenas incentivaram a produção sustentada de filmes no Uruguai, como também impulsionaram as carreiras cinematográficas de duas gerações de diretores. Eles também contribuíram para a aprovação da lei cinematográfica de 2008 e a criação do ICAU. No entanto, este estudo também mostra que as coproduções uruguaias financiadas pela Ibermedia demoram muito tempo para serem divulgadas e, com algumas exceções, apresentam um desempenho ruim nas bilheterias, embora recebam importantes prêmios e indicações.
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González, Víctor Hugo, and Pablo Hein Picó. "EL SUICIDIO EN EL URUGUAY DEL SIGLO XXI <br/><br/> SUICIDE IN XXI CENTURY URUGUAY." Revista Pós Ciências Sociais 18, no. 3 (November 25, 2021): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2236-9473.v18n3p511-540.

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Este artículo se realiza con una impronta fuertemente descriptiva tratando de evidenciar la complejidad y singularidad del suicidio en el Uruguay en el contexto regional y nacional. Primero se aborda el suicidio en el contexto de América del Sur; en segundo lugar, una descripción histórica del fenómeno en el Uruguay (como el país con mayores registros en la región) desde comienzos del siglo XX hasta la actualidad. Por otro lado, se presenta una mirada topográfica de algunos indicadores entre los años 2012 y 2018, y por último se presentan unas breves conclusiones, en donde se esbozan los procesos sociales y culturales que determinan al país en este fenómeno, que se presenta evidentemente complejo y multifacético que reclama una mirada o abordajes complejos e interdisciplinarios para futuras aproximaciones.
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Palermo, Eduardo. "PRENSA Y POLÍTICA AFRO URUGUAYA: NUESTRA RAZA Y EL PARTIDO AUTÓCTONO NEGRO - PRIMERA MITAD DEL SIGLO XX." Revista Prâksis 1 (February 15, 2019): 07. http://dx.doi.org/10.25112/rpr.v1i0.1740.

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En 1933 se fundó la Revista Nuestra Raza, órgano de prensa afro uruguayo que denunció la situación social de los mismos, marcada hasta mediados del siglo 20 por el analfabetismo, dificultades de acceso laboral, la prostitución de la mujer “negra”, la falta de acceso a los trabajos públicos, bajas remuneraciones, negación de los derechos jubilatorios, la vida en zonas suburbanas y muy pobres, la discriminación y el racismo. Fue un portavoz en el combate al fascismo internacional, a las dictaduras, al racismo y aportó a la unidad cultural afro uruguaya, fundando la Casa de la Raza. Entre las acciones más importantes aporto a la creación, en 1936, del Partido Autóctono Negro con el objetivo de obtener un diputado que los representara. En todos los aspectos la revista fue pionera en las acciones de resistencia y acción militante de los afro- uruguayos.Palabras-clave: Prensa afro uruguaya. Nuestra Raza. Partido Autóctono Negro.AbstractIn 1933, the magazine Nuestra Raza, an Afro-Uruguayan press body, was denounced, denouncing the social situation of the same, marked until the middle of the 20th century by illiteracy, labor access difficulties, the prostitution of "black" women, the lack of access to public works, low wages, denial of pension rights, life in suburban and very poor areas, discrimination and racism. He was a spokesman in the fight against international fascism, dictatorships, racism and contributed to the Afro-Uruguayan cultural unity, founding the Casa de la Raza. Among the most important actions contributed to the creation, in 1936, of the Partido Autoctono Negro (Black Autochthonous Party) with the aim of obtaining a deputy to represent them. In all aspects, the magazine pioneered the actions of resistance and militant action of Afro-Uruguayans.Keywords: Uruguayan afro press. Our Race. Black Autochthonous Party.
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Obolenskiy, V. "Protectionism and Free Trade in Modern World." World Economy and International Relations, no. 12 (2013): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2013-12-14-23.

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In the second part of XX century the world saw a steady strengthening and consolidation of liberalization trend in trade policies of many nations. This helped to establish the GATT in 1947 and, later on as a result of Uruguay round of multilateral trade negotiations (1986-1994), the new international economic institution - the WTO. However, the pace and scale of multilateral liberalization do not satisfy the participants of international trade. This triggers a widespread drive for concluding bilateral, regional and then transcontinental agreements on economic cooperation. The article is devoted to an in-depths analysis of the contradictions that arise between the WTO and regional trade agreements, as well as to the available ways of their reconciliation.
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González Laurino, Carolina, and Sandra Leopold Costábile. "Transformaciones en la Matriz de Protección Uruguaya a Inicios del Siglo XXI / Transformations in the Uruguayan Protection Matrix at the Beginning of the 21st Century." Textos & Contextos (Porto Alegre) 17, no. 1 (August 22, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1677-9509.2018.1.29077.

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La matriz de protección social uruguaya implementada a inicios del siglo XX ha sido descripta como un sistema de políticas sociales fuertemente institucionalizado, estructurado sobre una base de prestaciones de carácter universal en educación y estratificada en materia sanitaria y de seguridad social, que tiende a cubrir a la mayoría de los sectores asalariados formales urbanos, con una incorporación tardía de los trabajadores rurales. Esta estructura de protección social ha sufrido un proceso de transformación que combina la intervención estatal con servicios semi-privatizados, focalizados y transitorios, así como otros que apelan a la configuración público-privada en su proceso de implementación. Para ello, entre otras acciones, se han diseñado y puesto en práctica, las propuestas programáticas caracterizadas por su intervención en «proximidad», sobre las que este estudio centra su análisis.
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Georg Uebel, Roberto Rodolfo, and Rita Inês Paetzhold Pauli. "A IMIGRAÇÃO COMO UMA POLÍTICA DE DEFESA NACIONAL: É POSSÍVEL? O CASO DA IMIGRAÇÃO ESPANHOLA PARA A OCUPAÇÃO DA FRONTEIRA SUL DO BRASIL / Immigration as a National Defence Policy: is it Possible? The Case of the Spanish Immigration to the Occupation of Brazilian Southern Borderland." Geographia Meridionalis 1, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/gm.v1i2.6015.

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O processo colonial do Brasil trouxe muitas questões sobre a ocupação do seu espaço territorial por colonos e imigrantes como uma forma de apropriação das territorialidades fronteiriças do país visando à conservação e defesa do jovem Estado. Todavia, o povoamento específico do estado do Rio Grande do Sul por imigrantes europeus observou um caráter não só econômico, mas também estratégico, de defesa das fronteiras. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho aborda o caso da imigração espanhola para a fronteira sul do Brasil com o Uruguai e Argentina e também, por meio do Acordo de Migração entre Brasil e Espanha, as especificidades e pontualidades que essa distinta imigração trouxe à luz de uma possível e subjetiva política de defesa nacional, em prol do estabelecimento e consolidação das fronteiras brasileiras no território do Rio Grande do Sul. Este estudo é resultado de pesquisas documentais e in loco acerca da imigração espanhola e seus aportes econômicos, sociolaborais e territoriais no Rio Grande do Sul durante o século XX, que dentre suas potencialidades verificou a possibilidade político-militar de defesa nacional por meio de um acordo de migração, fato inédito até então na historiografia do país.ABSTRACTThe colonization process of Brazil brought many questions about the occupation of its territorial space by settlers and immigrants as a way of appropriation of the border territorialities of the country aiming at the conservation and protection of the young State. However, the specific settlement of the state of Rio Grande do Sul by European immigrants noticed not only an economic, but also a strategic, of borderlands defence features. In this sense, the present work deals with the case of Spanish immigration to the southern border of Brazil with Uruguay and Argentina and also, through the Migration Agreement between Brazil and Spain, the specificities of this distinct immigration that brought to light a possible and subjective policy of national defence, towards the establishment and consolidation of Brazilian borders on the territory of Rio Grande do Sul. This study is result of documentary and literature review researches about the Spanish immigration and its economic, socio-occupational and territorial contributions in Rio Grande do Sul during the twentieth century, which, among its potentialities verified the political and military possibility of national defence through an immigration agreement, an unprecedented fact until then in the country's historiography.Keywords: Immigration, Spaniards, Brazil, Border, Defence.
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Veselskyi, M. F., and P. B. Khoyetskyy. "Behaviour and breeding peculiarities of the Snowy Sheathbill (Chionis alba Gmelin, 1789) in the water area of the Argentine Islands archipelago and adjacent territories (Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula)." “Branta”: Transactions of the Azov-Black Sea Ornithological Station 2020, no. 23 (December 17, 2020): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/branta2020.23.026.

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Systematic studies of the ornithofauna of the Argentine Islands archipelago by Ukrainian polar explorers began in the second half of the 90s. At the beginning of the XXI-st century, the southernmost breeding site of the Snowy Sheathbill (Chionis alba), Petermann Island, was discovered by Ukrainian ornithologists; later, nesting within the Argentine Islands archipelago was recorded. Breeding and behavioural peculiarities of the Snowy Sheathbill were studied during the XX-th (April 2015 - March 2016) and the XXIII-rd (April 2018 – March 2019) Ukrainian Antarctic expeditions, in accordance with the objectives of the State Target Scientific and Technical Research Program of Ukraine in Antarctica for 2010-2020. The distribution, abundance and detection of the Snowy Sheathbill nesting sites were investigated according to generally accepted methods, by means of surveys on permanent routes, and also by the method of point counting at Cape Marina Point on Galindez Island. During the reporting period, more than 400 hours were spent on conducting morning surveys and recording. The Snowy Sheathbill nests were examined on Galindez and Petermann Islands, the sites of probable breeding were investigated on Uruguay Island and Cape Tuxen (Antarctic Peninsula). In the spring of 2015, at Cape Marina Point on Galindez Island, breeding of one pair of the Snowy Sheathbill was recorded, and in the spring of 2018 – breeding of two pairs. In the spring of 2018, clutches on Galindez Island were registered: in the first clutch - three eggs, in the other – four ones. The average egg weight was 41.0 ± 0.8 (standard deviation – 1.9 g). Under favourable nesting conditions, the hatching of the first chicks is possible in late December. The average weight of newly hatched chicks was 33.3 ± 3.6 g. From January 19 to February 28, 2018, three chicks were weighed: the average increase in the weight of the first chick was 17.9 ± 1.3 g (standard deviation 7.6 g); the increase in the weight of the second one was 17.4 ± 1.3 g (standard deviation 7.7 g); the average increase in the weight of the third chick was smaller than in previous ones and amounted to 13.8 ± 1.5 g. The days without increase in weight were recorded: for the first chick such days were on February 19, 25, 28, for the second one only two days – on February 24 and 28; for the third chick - five days (on February 4, 13, 15, 27, 28). On the 41st day, the weight of the first chick was 680 g, the second one weighed 670 g, and the weight of the third chick was about 480 g. on the 40th day.
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Oddone París, Gabriel, and Ivanna Lia Cal de Lima. "El largo declive de Uruguay durante el siglo XX." América Latina en la Historia Económica 15, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18232/alhe.v15i2.393.

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Durante el siglo XX Uruguay asiste a un sostenido declive económico. Tres hechos estilizados caracterizan el proceso: 1) el crecimiento comparado resulta pobre; 2) las fluctuaciones económicas son comparativamente profundas y 3) al menos durante la segunda mitad del siglo, el crecimiento de la economía se debe más a una intensificación en el uso de los factores de producción que a una mayor eficiencia en la forma en que estos fueron empleados. A raíz de ello, al finalizar el siglo los habitantes de Uruguay eran relativamente menos ricos de lo que lo eran 100 años antes. El artículo incluye un ejercicio de convergencia que muestra que durante el siglo XX la trayectoria económica de Uruguay no converge con su mundo relevante; una comparación de las fluctuaciones económicas cíclicas de la economía uruguaya, y un ejercicio de contabilidad del crecimiento que identifica la contribución de los factores al crecimiento de Uruguay.
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Álvarez-Dorado, Manuel, Daniel Fernández-Vega, and Carlos Morón-Fernández. "Estudio comparativo de estructuras Ligeras en la arquitectura moderna: Eladio Dieste vs Félix Candela = Comparative study of lightweight structures in modern architecture: Eladio Dieste vs. Félix Candela." Anales de Edificación 8, no. 1 (February 21, 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/ade.2022.5015.

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El siguiente texto presenta el análisis comparativo de las estructuras ligeras del ingeniero uruguayo Eladio Dieste y el Arquitecto español Félix Candela. A través de 4 obras relevantes, como son el restaurante Los Manantiales, la Iglesia Ntra Sra de Guadalupe, La iglesia de San Juan de Ávila y el pabellón del colegio Don Bosco, se comparan aspectos clave en el desarrollo de la arquitectura de ambos y su funcionamiento. A través de las luces, como objetivo principal de las arquitecturas singulares, los soportes y el proceso de ejecución, se pretende extraer las ventajas e inconvenientes de las técnicas constructivas singulares de estos dos genios de la ingeniería del siglo XX, la cerámica estructural y las cáscaras de hormigón. Como principales resultados podemos obtener que el uso de soportes estructurales (pilares) hace que se puedan conseguir alturas mayores que con el uso de las cáscaras de hormigón. En cuanto a los procesos de ejecución, no hay una clara ventaja de uno con respecto a otro, ya que cada uno tiene sus particularidades a la hora de llevarlos a cabo. Las luces conseguidas con las cáscaras de hormigón llegan a ser de casi el doble que, con la cerámica armada, lo cual lo hace adecuado para aquellas edificaciones singulares con necesidad de espacialidad diáfana.AbstractThe following text presents a comparative analysis of the light structures of the Uruguayan engineer Eladio Dieste and the Spanish architect Félix Candela. Through 4 relevant works, such as the restaurant Los Manantiales, the Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe, the church of San Juan de Ávila and the pavilion of the Don Bosco school, key aspects in the development of the architecture of both and their functioning are compared. By means of the spans, as the main objective of the singular architectures, the supports and the execution process, the aim is to extract the advantages and disadvantages of the singular construction techniques of these two geniuses of 20th century engineering, structural ceramics and concrete shells. The main results are that the use of structural supports (pillars) makes it possible to achieve greater heights than with the use of concrete shells. As for the execution processes, there is no clear advantage of one over the other, as each one has its own particularities when it comes to carrying them out. The spans achieved with concrete shells are almost twice as large as with reinforced ceramics, which makes it suitable for unique buildings with a need for diaphanous spatiality.
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Pérez Pucci, Clara, and Magdalena Coll. "producción lexicográfica de fines del siglo XX en Uruguay." RILEX. Revista sobre investigaciones léxicas 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 69–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17561/rilex.4.1.6136.

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En la segunda mitad del siglo XX se dio en Uruguay una producción lexicográfica vinculada, en distinta medida, con la actividad de la Academia Nacional de Letras del Uruguay (ANL). Se trata de seis obras contrastivas con respecto al diccionario de la Real Academia Española (RAE), que, en su mayoría, han recibido escasa o nula atención por parte de la comunidad académica. De la descripción y análisis de estas obras trata, precisamente, este artículo que busca visualizar tendencias de la lexicografía uruguaya de fines del siglo XX. Se ha estudiado cuál fue el origen de estas obras (muchas de ellas promovidas por concursos de la ANL o de la RAE), cuál era la formación de sus autores y autoras, cuál era su vínculo formal con la ANL y cuál fue la participación de las mujeres en esta etapa de la lexicografía uruguaya. También se ha tenido en cuenta si se trata de trabajos inéditos o de obras que lograron ser publicadas en Uruguay o en el exterior al tiempo que se analizó si tuvieron o no repercusión en el diccionario de la rae. Además, se prestó particular atención a las diferentes maneras en que se plasmó la voluntad contrastiva en estas obras. De la investigación realizada se destaca, entre otras cosas, que, aunque estas obras tienen originariamente una finalidad contrastiva, pasan a ser valiosas en sí mismas porque, en su afán contrastivo, aportan a la descripción léxica del español del Uruguay de una época.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Uruguay of the XX century"

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Biondo, Luana Cristina. "A excêntrica literatura de Felisberto Hernández: memória e mistério como agentes de um estilo raro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8145/tde-25102016-140340/.

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Esta pesquisa analisa algumas das características temáticas e formais que compõem a obra do autor uruguaio Felisberto Hernández (1902-1964). Pelo fato de resistir a diferentes classificações genéricas, esta obra apresenta muitas divergências entre consagradas vozes críticas como: Echavarren (1981), Ángel Rama (1968, 1985), Jorge Bernardo Rivera (1996), José Pedro Díaz (1991, 2000), Davi Arrigucci Jr. (2006). A partir disso, este estudo pretende discutir os pontos que evidenciam sua excentricidade em seu contexto de produção (no que diz respeito à literatura uruguaia da primeira metade do século XX) e também analisar certos procedimentos narrativos que, em um permanente fluir de memórias, revelam um estilo bastante peculiar (raro) como se verifica na animização dos objetos, nos múltiplos processos de fragmentação (da consciência e do corpo) e na atmosfera onírica.
This research examines some of the thematic and formal aspects that constitute the work of Uruguayan writer Felisberto Hernández (1902-1964). For its resistance to any formal classification, this narrative world has challenged divergent and renowned critical voices such as Roberto Echavarren´s (1981), Ángel Rama´s (1968, 1985), Jorge Bernardo Rivera´s (1996), José Pedro Díaz´s (1991, 2000) and Davi Arrigucci Jr.´s (2006). From this point on, the present study aims to discuss some of the points that demonstrate its eccentricity inside its production context (that of the first half of 20th century Uruguayan Literature) and to analyze some of the narrative procedures which, in a permanent flow of memories, reveal a quirky (rare) style verified in the use of animated objects, multiple fragmentation processes (of consciousness and body) and its oneiric atmosphere.
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Sáez, Rosenkranz Isidora. "La patrona de la tradición: la décima en Uruguay y Chile durante el siglo XX." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/108727.

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Churevych, Nadiia. "Forms and elements of the costume 50s of XX century." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13183.

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Araya, Ibacache Claudia. "Pensamiento feminista en la primera mitad del siglo XX en Paraguay, Uruguay y Chile: Serafina Dávalos, María Abella de Ramírez y Amanda Labarca." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/108897.

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Montan~ez, Morillo Mari´a Soledad. "Creation and marginalisation in women’s writing in mid-twentieth-century Uruguay : the case of Concepción Silva Bélinzon’s poetry." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3098.

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This thesis explores how women's writing in mid-twentieth century Uruguay enables a reconsideration of the intertwined hegemonic practices of literary canon formation and national identity in this seminal period. Within a national history and a cultural tradition conceived of as patriarchal, progressive and homogeneous, in correspondence to a European/Eurocentric concept of time and historicism, women writers struggled to find a recognised position from which to speak. Nevertheless, like other marginal groups, women writers have challenged the hegemonic discourses of modernity in Uruguay, as elsewhere in Latin America, producing what can be described, following Elaine Showalter, as a double-voiced textual strategy that replicates as well as subverts the dominant order. In this respect, Concepción Silva Bélinzon (Montevideo, 1900-1987) offers a remarkable case study to show how women's poetry destabilises and renegotiates the great discourses of modernity. Socially and culturally marginalised, Silva Bélinzon's life demonstrates the failures and limitations of a patriarchal/paternalistic society, while her poetry problematises the homogeneous national discourses of modern Uruguay, exposing the discontinuity inherent to a national history conceived of as masculine, linear and teleological. Silva Bélinzon's poetry has been defined as a synthesis of Modernismo and Surrealism, and described as a combination of free associations, biblical references and metaphysical concerns, all expressed within conventional metric forms, notably, the sonnet. Her poetry has been considered incoherent and bizarre, and has thus received little critical attention. However, one of the most interesting characteristics of her poetry has been overlooked. That is, the juxtaposition of different artistic trends and the dialectical tension that exists between the use of random, discontinuous and disconnected images within strict traditional poetic forms. The theoretical approach of this thesis is predominantly framed by postcolonial, feminist and gender theories, including those of Homi K. Bhabha and Judith Butler. In addition, drawing on Henri Bergson's work, Matière et mémoire (1896) and Marcel Proust's well-known idea of mémoire involontaire, I interpret Silva Bélinzon's elliptical poetry as a virtual journey through layers of the personal and national pasts that thereby deterritorialises the national, hegemonic discourses of the modern nation. Thus, using Silva Bélinzon's poetry as a case study, the thesis aims to demonstrate how women writers ‘overlap in the act of writing the nation' (Bhabha 2003: 292).
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Alarcón, Reynaldo. "The Latín American psychology in the XX century: An analysis of its characteristics." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101128.

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In arder ro identifY rhe most important characrerisrics rhat describe rhe Latín American Psychology ar rhe end of rhe century, six main issues áre discussed: rhe scientific orienration, the dependency characteristic, the lack of an original arproach, the social meaning, the politic permeabiliry, rhe emphasis on applied research, and the interest in the person as the central object of study. The fact that these observations are based on the more active nations in rhe generation of psychological knowledge could be a limitation in rhe generalization of rhe findings.
Con el propósito de identificar las características más relevantes que tipifican a la psicología latinoamericana hacia fines del siglo XX, se señalan y discuten seis notas dominantes: su orientación científica, el carácter dependiente, la escasa originalidad, la relevancia social y su permeabilidad política, la preferencia por la investigación aplicada y su interés por el hombre como objeto central de sus trabajos. Se señala como limitación para establecer generalizaciones, el que las observaciones se basan solamente en las naciones latinoamericanas más activas en la generación de conocimientos psicológicos.
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Bishaj, Arbora. "La dimensione internazionale del nazionalismo: le istituzioni internazionali nella formazione dello Stato albanese (1908-1918)." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/86061.

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Prieto, Millán María Soledad. "Los rostros de la locura: la producción discursiva e iconográfica de la locura en la mujer en Uruguay a comienzos del siglo XX." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/147172.

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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Estudios de Género y Cultura en América Latina mención Humanidades
La investigación tiene por objeto analizar desde una perspectiva de género la construcción discursivo-iconográfica de la locura en la mujer por el saber psiquiátrico uruguayo a principios de siglo XX. Para ello se realizará un análisis discursivo de los casos psiquiátricos publicados por los psiquiatras que ejercían la enseñanza en la Universidad de Montevideo y que atendían a las mujeres encerradas en el Manicomio Nacional de Montevideo, para posteriormente realizar un análisis de los retratos fotográficos de aquellas mujeres captados por los mismos psiquiatras. A su vez, se hará una revisión del rol que tuvo la fotografía para el saber científico uruguayo para la construcción de aquellos diagnósticos, así como para el control y disciplinamiento de los cuerpos y psiquis de las mujeres. Se propondrá que la locura en la mujer, más específicamente la histeria, habría sido un diagnóstico construido por la psiquiatría, con el objetivo de patologizar a las mujeres que se alejaban del ideal de mujer esperado por la sociedad de aquella época; así también, se planteará que las escrituras de casos clínicos junto con la realización de retratos fotográficos de las mujeres encerradas en el Manicomio Nacional de Montevideo constituyeron un medio para construir aquella imagen de la locura y validarla. Creemos que este estudio sería relevante al considerar al saber médico uruguayo como un símil a la realidad chilena, dado el constante contacto que mantenían los psiquiatras y médicos del Cono Sur por medio de los congresos médicos y científicos, compartiendo conocimientos y paradigmas.
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Bartkienė, Kristina. "Memoirs of lithuanian exile writers of the second half of XX century: genre development." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20101216_110310-68507.

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The aim of the research is to ground the statement that exile memoirs changed from documentary and political works to subjective ones, analyzing personal problems. The object of the work is the memoirs by exile writers. Analytical, descriptive and hermeneutical methods are used. The theory of autobiography by French theoretician Philippe Lejeune (1989) and the theoretical insights while analyzing autobiographical texts by Vytautas Kavolis (1998) were chosen as the theoretical background. In the research, the memoir books were divided into memoirs and genre transformations. Memoirs are subdivided into documentary and literary. The documentary memoirs start dominating around 1940, when Lithuanian was occupied by soviets. This fact is commented by the writers-politicians V. Krėvė, L. Dovydėnas and I. Šeinius, who closely observed the situation. Their memoirs are distinct because of relevant topics for the time, i.e. the abundance of facts, historical events and political details. Around 1950-1965, politics in the memoirs is changed by the problem of the relationship between the person and time or history. A distinctive feature of these texts is the abundance of tropes, figurative details, fictional elements and they are quite subjective (M. Vaitkus, J. Aistis, St. Yla, etc). The research emphasizes that at the end of the XX century (1965-2000) subjectivity becomes the main feature in order to describe memoirs. In the memory books, the focus is on the person and other people; the... [to full text]
Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizavus išeivijos rašytojų atsiminimus pagrįsti teiginį, kad išeivijos memuaristika kito nuo dokumentinių, politinę tematiką perteikiančių ligi subjektyvių, asmenines problemas analizuojančių kūrinių. Darbo objektu pasirinkti išeivijos rašytojų memuarai. Darbe naudojamasi analitiniu, aprašomuoju ir hermeneutiniu metodais. Ieškant tinkamo teorinio pagrindo, buvo pasirinktos prancūzų teoretiko Philippe`o Lejeune`o (1989) autobiografijos teorija ir kultūrologo Vytauto Kavolio (1998) teorinės įžvalgos analizuojant autobiografinius tekstus. Tyrime atsiminimų knygos buvo suskirstytos į memuarus ir žanro transformacijas. Memuarai dalijami į dokumentinius bei literatūrinius. Rašytojų dokumentiniai memuarai ima vyrauti apie 1940 – uosius metus, kai Lietuvą okupuoja sovietai. Šį faktą komentuoja rašytojai-politikai V. Krėvė, L. Dovydėnas, I. Šeinius, iš arti stebėję situaciją. Jų memuarai išsiskiria aktualiomis to laiko temomis – faktų, istorinių įvykių, politinių detalių gausa. Asmens ir laiko santykio problema, istorinių įvykių sukūryje atsidūrusio žmogaus išgyvenimai politiką iš memuarų išstumia apie 1950-1965 metus. Šių atsiminimų tekstas pasižymi meninių priemonių, vaizdingų detalių, beletrizuotų elementų gausa, yra ganėtinai subjektyvus (M. Vaitkus, J. Aistis, St. Yla ir kt.). Tyrime pabrėžiama, kad XX amžiaus pabaigoje (1965 – 2000) subjektyvumas tampa pagrindine memuarus apibūdinančia savybe. Atsiminimų knygose kalbama apie save ir kitą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Andreatta, Filippo. "Collective security : theory and practice of an institution for peace in the XX century." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1434/.

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The dissertation is divided into two parts. Part I will concentrate on the theoretical debate and will put forward hypotheses on the functioning of security institutions. This section updates the classical literature on collective security with contemporary contributions and original insights and it attempts to shed light on the limits of the current debate between paradigms on the question of international institutions. Chapter 2 will summarize the arguments of the main paradigms. The two main positions - the neorealist/pessimistic one and the liberal/optimistic one - will be analyzed and a new concept of the conditional utility of institutions in international relations will be proposed, attempting to overcome the "all or nothing" deadlock of the current debate. The other three chapters of Part I will concentrate on the central concept of the work. Chapter 3 will introduce the various definitions of collective security and their position within the wider contest of the theory of international relations. In particular, it will be argued that there are two different conceptions of collective security. A maximalist one defines the concept as a security system replacing all other mechanisms. A minimalist one sees collective security as an international regime which can operate alongside other mechanisms. Chapter 4 will analyze the limits and the shortcomings of the maximalist conception, which is both unrealistic and even counterproductive. Chapter 5 will look at the positive effects of collective security either as an instrument for dealing with specific contingencies or as a general framework for facilitating cooperation and improving international standards of behaviour. Part II applies the findings of the first section to the historical record and to three case studies: the Abyssinian crisis, the Korean War and the Gulf Conflict The cases were selected because they are the only uncontroversial instances in which collective security has been applied and because they are conveniently placed in three different international systems: the multipolar inter-war period, the bipolar Cold War and the post-Cold War period. Finally, in the conclusion, crucial issues for practitioners will be highlighted with special reference to the prospects for a more stable system in the future.
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Books on the topic "Uruguay of the XX century"

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Traversoni, Alfredo. Historia del Uruguay siglo XX. [Montevideo, Uruguay]: Ediciones de la Plaza, 1993.

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1937-, Nahum Benjamín, and Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Instituto de Economía., eds. El Uruguay del siglo XX. Montevideo, Uruguay: Ediciones de la Banda Oriental, 2001.

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Galeano, Eduardo H. Días y noches de amor y de guerra. Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1986.

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T︠S︡ėrėnpiliĭn, Balkhaazhav. XX vek: Analiticheskii vzgli︠a︡d = XX century. Ulaanbaatar: Sodpress, 2009.

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Bruschera, Oscar H. Evolución institucional del Uruguay en el siglo XX. Montevideo, Uruguay: Ediciones del Nuevo Mundo, 1988.

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Loustau, César J. La arquitectura del siglo XX en el Uruguay. Montevideo]: Abitab, 2010.

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Historias del Uruguay marítimo en el siglo XX. Montevideo, Uruguay: Rumbo Editorial, 2006.

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A, Väliyev, and Azärbaycan Respublikası Dövlät Statistika Komitäsi., eds. Azärbaycan XX äsrdä =: Azerbaijan in XX century. Bakı: "Säda" Näşriyyatı, 2001.

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Hamed, Amir. Orientales: Uruguay a través de su poesía : siglo XX. Montevideo, Uruguay: Editorial Graffiti, 1996.

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Finch, M. H. J. Economía y sociedad en el Uruguay del siglo XX. [Montevideo, Uruguay]: Universidad de la República, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Departamento de Publicaciones, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Uruguay of the XX century"

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Calderón, Fernando Herrera. "Uruguay." In Twentieth Century Guerrilla Movements in Latin America, 179–86. New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315849584-13.

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Cimino, G., and L. S. Jacyna. "Nineteenth-century foundations of neurosciences (SM33)." In AIHS, XX INTERN. CONGRESS, SYMPOSIA, 391–400. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.dda-eb.4.2017125.

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Bertolotti, Virginia, and Magdalena Coll. "Attitudes toward Portuguese in Uruguay in the nineteenth century." In New Approaches to Language Attitudes in the Hispanic and Lusophone World, 112–36. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ihll.25.05ber.

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Oviedo, Eduardo Daniel. "China and Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay: Similarities and Differences." In China–Latin America Relations in the 21st Century, 193–224. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35614-9_8.

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Napolitani, P. D., and P. Souffrin. "Medieval and classical traditions and the renaissance of physico-mathematical sciences in the XVIth century (SM40)." In AIHS, XX INTERN. CONGRESS, SYMPOSIA, 505–21. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.dda-eb.4.2017132.

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Moreira, Constanza. "Uruguay—The Military and Politics in the Twenty-First Century." In Latin American Military and Politics in the Twenty-First Century, 50–63. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003164784-5.

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Dirksen, Dieter, and Gert von Bally. "Visual Stimulation Techniques at the End of XX Century." In Optical Technologies in the Humanities, 187–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60872-8_27.

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Dolidze, Mamuka. "Phenomenological Thinking in the Georgian Philosophy of XX Century." In Phenomenology World-Wide, 307–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0473-2_30.

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Whitehead, Laurence. "Argentina–Chile–Uruguay: Comparing Trajectories of Democratisation in Latin America’s Southern Cone." In Challenges to Democracy in the 21st Century, 211–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09123-0_8.

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Hoppe, B., J. Janko, and P. G. Abiram. "Adaptation and variation of chemistry and physics by the life sciences from the XVIIIth to the XXth century (SM32)." In AIHS, XX INTERN. CONGRESS, SYMPOSIA, 377–87. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.dda-eb.4.2017124.

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Conference papers on the topic "Uruguay of the XX century"

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Fratila, Mariana. "XX-TH CENTURY ROMANIAN MUSIC: STYLISTIC ORIENTATIONS." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on ARTS, PERFORMING ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b41/s13.019.

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Шарипов, Марат. "MODERNISM IN NATIONAL CULTURE EARLY XX CENTURY." In Slavic ethnic groups, languages and cultures in the modern world. Baskir State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/seyaikvsm-2021-09-23.48.

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George M Chescheir, R Wayne Skaggs, and Devendra M Amatya. "Hydrologic impacts of converting grassland to managed forestland in Uruguay." In 21st Century Watershed Technology: Improving Water Quality and Environment Conference Proceedings, 29 March - 3 April 2008, Concepcion, Chile. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.24323.

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М. Л., Лепнева. "ЛЕНИНГРАДСКАЯ ШКОЛА КИТАЕВЕДЧЕСКОЙ БУДДОЛОГИИ ВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ XX ВЕКА." In Chinese Studies in the 21st Century. Buryat State University Publishing Department, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18101/978-5-9793-1802-8-2022-83-88.

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Объектом рассмотрения в данной статье является история изучения китайского буддизма ленинградскими учеными во второй половине XX в. Основная цель исследования состоит в систематизации библиографии и составлении удобного справочного аппарата для знакомства с отечественной традицией китаеведческой буддологии. Развитие синобуддологии в Ленинграде было связано с обработкой дуньхуанского фонда, переводом письменных памятников и, наконец, подготовкой ряда обобщающих работ в 1980-х — начале 2000-х гг.
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Smith, D, I, James, and Robert IWalker. "WSC-3(V)XX - UHF for the 21st century." In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3550.

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UTKIN, VADIM. "VSS PREMISE IN XX CENTURY: EVIDENCES OF A WITNESS." In Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Workshop on Variable Structure Systems. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812792082_0001.

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Makhaev, М. R. "Genesis Of Metaphor Issue In Analytical Philosophy Of XX Century." In SCTCGM 2018 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.03.02.154.

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AMOGOLONOVA, A. A. "BUDDHISM IN RUSSIAN POLITICAL PRACTICES (LATE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY)." In Scientific conference, devoted to the 95th anniversary of the Republic of Buryatia. Publishing House of the Buryat Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30792/978-5-7925-0521-6-2018-290-292.

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Полякова, Екатерина. "LINGUOCULTURAL REALITIES IN NEWSPAPER PUBLICISTICS OF THE EARLY XX CENTURY." In Slavic ethnic groups, languages and cultures in the modern world. Baskir State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/seyaikvsm-2021-09-23.25.

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Shagaev, Viktor, and Lyudmila Alyaeva. "MILITARY CONTINGENTS OF BRITISH INDIA IN THE LATE XIX — EARLY XX CENTURY — RECRUITMENT ISSUESH INDIA IN THE LATE XIX — EARLY XX CENTURY — RECRUITMENT ISSUES." In Development of legal systems in Russia and foreign countries: problems of theory and practices. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02090-6-0-173-181.

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The article examines the issues of composition, organization and recruitment of various military contingents, with the help of which the British colonial authorities maintained their dominance in India itself and beyond after the Sepoy uprising of the late 60s of the XIX century. The general principles and methods of recruiting these contingents, as well as the features inherent in their various types, the requirements for candidates when entering the service and the procedure for its passage are disclosed. The article also outlines the problems that existed at the same time and how they were overcome.
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Reports on the topic "Uruguay of the XX century"

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Misas A., Martha, and María Teresa Ramírez-Giraldo. Depressions in the colombian economic growth during the XX century: a Markov switching regime model. Bogotá, Colombia: Banco de la República, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.340.

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Pulaev, A. V. Formation of militaristic foreign policy in Japan, as the convergence condition with Nazi Germany in the 30s. XX century. Гуманитарные научные исследования, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/a-2018-33.

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Pulaev, A. V. Japan and Germany in the way of formation of a military-political alliance in the 30-ies. XX century. Гуманитарные научные исследования, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/a-2018-34.

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BALYSH, A. N., and O. B. CHIRICOVA. SOME ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROCKET WEAPONS IN THE USSR IN THE 20-40S OF THE XX CENTURY. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-14-1-2-91-102.

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The aim of the article. Establishment and development of the USSR rocket weapons for the period of the New Economic Policy and industrialization is one of the most interesting and poorly researched problem of the USSR military industry. The USSR first researches in the field of rocket weapons and ammunition creation, their features and results are poorly investigated by national historical science and just they are observed in the paper. Methodology. General principles of historism and objectivity are the theoretical-methodological base of this work. Author also use special historical methods: logic, systematic, chronological, actualisation and periodizing. Results. The paper is written by using the declassified documents for Official Use Only, by military technical documents, stored in the Russian National Library, little known memories of direct participants and some published researches. By considering these documents and materials it become clear that in the USSR before the Great Patriotic War a complex of problems on rocket weapon implementation were conditioned by objective and subjective reasons. The consequence of this was the adoption of some unfounded species of reactive weapons before the Great Patriotic War, who received an overestimated assessment and not justified all expectations and hopes assigned to them during the fighting. As a result, only by the end of the war these systems began to be used for their true purpose. Practical application. Practical significance of this work is as follows: facts shown in the article and conclusions drawn on them can be used for further research of USSR rocket weapon establishment and development in 20-40th years of XX century and also for Soviet history in general.
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PARSHUTKINA, T., O. BERKU, and T. KALENTSOVA. FORMATION OF THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE CONTEXTUAL APPROACH IN HIGHER DOMESTIC FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCATION IN THE 1970-1980S OF THE XX CENTURY. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2021-12-4-2-59-66.

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The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of the foundations of the contextual approach in foreign language education as the most important scientific foundation of modern pedagogy. In the historical path of development of this approach, the authors distinguish the 1970-1980s of the XX century, since its main structural characteristics were formed during this period. The article concludes that the structuring of the contextual approach in teaching foreign languages in higher education was caused by the need to create a professional context in the conditions of educational activity. To this end, researchers and methodologists used the pedagogical and methodological tools of the contextual approach.
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Холошин, Ігор Віталійович, Тетяна Геннадіївна Назаренко, Ольга Володимирівна Бондаренко, Олена Вікторівна Ганчук, and Ірина Миколаївна Варфоломєєва. The Application of Geographic Information Systems in Schools around the World: a Retrospective Analysis. КДПУ, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3924.

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The article is devoted to the problem of incorporation geographic information systems (GIS) in world school practice. The authors single out the stages of GIS application in school geographical education based on the retrospective analysis of the scientific literature. The first stage (late 70s – early 90s of the XX century) is the beginning of the first educational GIS programs and partnership agreements between schools and universities. The second stage (mid-90s of the XX century – the beginning of the XXI century) comprises the distribution of GIS-educational programs in European and Australian schools with the involvement of leading developers of GIS-packages (ESRI, Intergraph, MapInfo Corp., etc.). The third stage (2005–2012) marks the spread of the GIS school education in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America; on the fourth stage (from 2012 to the present) geographic information systems emerge in school curricula in most countries. The characteristics of the GIS-technologies development stages are given considering the GIS didactic possibilities for the study of school geography, as well as highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.
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Холошин, Ігор Віталійович, Тетяна Геннадіївна Назаренко, Ольга Володимирівна Бондаренко, Олена Вікторівна Ганчук, and Ірина Миколаївна Варфоломєєва. The Application of Geographic Information Systems in Schools around the World: a Retrospective Analysis. КДПУ, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3924.

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The article is devoted to the problem of incorporation geographic information systems (GIS) in world school practice. The authors single out the stages of GIS application in school geographical education based on the retrospective analysis of the scientific literature. The first stage (late 70s – early 90s of the XX century) is the beginning of the first educational GIS programs and partnership agreements between schools and universities. The second stage (mid-90s of the XX century – the beginning of the XXI century) comprises the distribution of GIS-educational programs in European and Australian schools with the involvement of leading developers of GIS-packages (ESRI, Intergraph, MapInfo Corp., etc.). The third stage (2005–2012) marks the spread of the GIS school education in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America; on the fourth stage (from 2012 to the present) geographic information systems emerge in school curricula in most countries. The characteristics of the GIS-technologies development stages are given considering the GIS didactic possibilities for the study of school geography, as well as highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.
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Reina Estévez, Jesús. Las revistas de empresa en España: algunos ejemplos de house organ desde principios del siglo XX / House Organ in Spain: some examples from the early twentieth century. Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas, December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5783/rirp-10-2015-06-85-104.

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BALYSH, A., and O. CHIRICOVA. PROBLEMS OF PRODUCTION AND USE OF SHEALING SLEEVES IN THE USSR BEFORE AND DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-4-2-24-33.

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The aim of the article. One of the most interesting and topical problems in the USSR military industry development is the establishment and development of the USSR ammunition industry. The article is devoted to the study of one of the reasons for the poor supply of the Red Army by ammunition in the initial period of the war of 1941 - a lack of sleeves, which limited the production of artillery shells. The author sets the purpose of revealing the reasons for the unsatisfactory state of affairs in the field of manufacture by the industrial enterprises of the USSR industrial enterprises before the war, as well as the influence of this factor on the production and use of the sleeves during the war years. Methodology. General principles of historism and objectivity are the theoretical-methodological base of this work. Author also uses special historical methods: logic, systematic, chronological, actualisation and periodizing. Results. This article is based on documents storing in the Russian State Archive and Russian State Economical Archive. With the help of this documents and materials the author make the following decision: in 30th years of XX century in the USSR under forcing of industrial development the governmental bodies were not able to perform the efficient planning policy in the field of enterprises control especially in the defense branches. High-level personnel purposively disturbed technological process. It spoiled enterprises operation and it was the reason of defect production manufacturing. Practical application. Practical significance of this work is as follows: the archive data, which are for the first time used for scientific investigation and also the conclusions formulated in this article can be used for further scientific research of the USSR military industry in the industrialization period and on military production lend-lease during the Great Patriotic War and also in Soviet history in general.
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Halych, Valentyna. SERHII YEFREMOV’S COOPERATION WITH THE WESTERN UKRAINIAN PRESS: MEMORIAL RECEPTION. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11055.

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The subject of the study is the cooperation of S. Efremov with Western Ukrainian periodicals as a page in the history of Ukrainian journalism which covers the relationship of journalists and scientists of Eastern and Western Ukraine at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. Research methods (biographical, historical, comparative, axiological, statistical, discursive) develop the comprehensive disclosure of the article. As a result of scientific research, the origins of Ukrainocentrism in the personality of S. Efremov were clarified; his person as a public figure, journalist, publisher, literary critic is multifaceted; taking into account the specifics of the memoir genre and with the involvement of the historical context, the turning points in the destiny of the author of memoirs are interpreted, revealing cooperation with Western Ukrainian magazines and newspapers. The publications ‘Zoria’, ‘Narod’, ‘Pravda’, ‘Bukovyna’, ‘Dzvinok’, are secretly got into sub-Russian Ukraine, became for S. Efremov a spiritual basis in understanding the specifics of the national (Ukrainian) mass media, ideas of education in culture of Ukraine at the end of XIX century, its territorial integrity, and state independence. Memoirs of S. Efremov on cooperation with the iconic Galician journals ‘Notes of the Scientific Society after the name Shevchenko’ and ‘Literary-Scientific Bulletin’, testify to an important stage in the formation of the author’s worldview, the expansion of the genre boundaries of his journalism, active development as a literary critic. S. Yefremov collaborated most fruitfully and for a long time with the Literary-Scientific Bulletin, and he was impressed by the democratic position of this publication. The author’s comments reveal a long-running controversy over the publication of a review of the new edition of Kobzar and thematically related discussions around his other literary criticism, in which the talent of the demanding critic was forged. S. Efremov steadfastly defended the main principles of literary criticism: objectivity and freedom of author’s thought. The names of the allies of the Ukrainian idea L. Skochkovskyi, O. Lototskyi, O. Konyskyi, P. Zhytskyi, M. Hrushevskyi in S. Efremov’s memoirs unfold in multifaceted portrait descriptions and function as historical and cultural facts that document the pages of the author’s biography, record his activities in space and time. The results of the study give grounds to characterize S. Efremov as the first professional Ukrainian-speaking journalist.
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