Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'URLs'
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Ortega, San Martin Luis. "Recommended URLs." Revista de Química, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99737.
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Aquí encontrará un grupo de páginas web que podrían ser de su interés. La primera es de utilidad en el área de materiales, ya sea en docencia o investigación. La segunda consiste en un blog de divulgación científica que seguro le descubrirá un lado de la química que desconoce. Finalmente, se muestra una página web que contiene vídeos que podríanserle útiles en el salón de su clase.Aquí encontrará un grupo de páginas web que podrían ser de su interés. La primera es de utilidad en el área de materiales, ya sea en docencia o investigación. La segunda consiste en un blog de divulgación científica que seguro le descubrirá un lado de la química que desconoce. Finalmente, se muestra una página web que contiene vídeos que podríanserle útiles en el salón de su clase.
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Zapata, Ramirez Victor. "Recommended URLs." Revista de Química, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99893.
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Periodic Table of Videos (http://www.periodicvideos.com)- MIT Open Courseware (http://www.ocw.mit.edu)- Cambridge Chemistry Challenge (www.c3l6.org)- Periodic Table of Videos (http://www.periodicvideos.com)- MIT Open Courseware (http://www.ocw.mit.edu)- Cambridge Chemistry Challenge (www.c3l6.org)
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Ma, Justin Tung. "Learning to detect malicious URLs." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3404292.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2010.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 10, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-124).
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Cheng, Aidan. "Using Machine Learning to Detect Malicious URLs." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1567.
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There is a need for better predictive model that reduces the number of malicious URLs being sent through emails. This system should learn from existing metadata about URLs. The ideal solution for this problem would be able to learn from its predictions. For example, if it predicts a URL to be malicious, and that URL is deemed safe by the sandboxing environment, the predictor should refine its model to account for this data. The problem, then, is to construct a model with these characteristics that can make these predictions for the vast number of URLs being processed. Given that the current system does not employ machine learning methods, we intend to investigate multiple such models and summarize which of those might be worth pursuing on a large scale.
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Silva, Eduina Da. "The influence of URLs on customer perception and reaction." Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636667.
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Bezerra, Maria Azevedo. "Uma investigação do uso de características na tetecção de URLs." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2015. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4740.
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Malicious URLs have become a channel for criminal activities on the Internet, such as spam and phishing. Current solutions for validation and verification of malicious URLs are considered or are believed to be accurate, with well-adjusted results. However, is it really possible or feasible to obtain 100% of accuracy in these solutions? This work describes a simple and direct investigation of features, bases and URL formats, aiming to show that the results of validation and verification URLs are highly dependent on certain aspects/factors. The idea is to extract URL features (lexical, DNS and others) for obtain the maximum information from the URLs and employ machine learning algorithms to question their influence throughout the process. In order to prove this idea, were created four hypotheses that showed that it is possible to disagree with the results of several studies from the literature.
URLs maliciosas tornaram-se um canal para atividades criminosas na Internet, como spam e phishing. As atuais soluções para validação e verificação de URLs maliciosas se consideram ou são consideradas precisas, com resultados bem ajustados. Contudo, será que realmente é possível ou factível se obter percentuais beirando 100% de precisão nessas soluções? Neste sentido, esta dissertação descreve uma simples e direta investigação de características, bases e formatos de URLs, visando mostrar que os resultados de validação e verificação de URLs são bastante dependentes de certos aspectos/fatores. A ideia é extrair características (léxicas, DNS e outras) que permitam obter o máximo de informação das URLs e empregar algoritmos de aprendizagem de máquina para questionar a influência dessas características em todo o processo. Como forma de provar essa ideia, foram elaboramos quatro hipóteses, que ao final no trabalho, mostraram que é possível discordar do resultado de vários trabalhos já existentes na literatura.
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Egan, Shaun Peter. "A framework for high speed lexical classification of malicious URLs." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011933.
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Phishing attacks employ social engineering to target end-users, with the goal of stealing identifying or sensitive information. This information is used in activities such as identity theft or financial fraud. During a phishing campaign, attackers distribute URLs which; along with false information, point to fraudulent resources in an attempt to deceive users into requesting the resource. These URLs are made obscure through the use of several techniques which make automated detection difficult. Current methods used to detect malicious URLs face multiple problems which attackers use to their advantage. These problems include: the time required to react to new attacks; shifts in trends in URL obfuscation and usability problems caused by the latency incurred by the lookups required by these approaches. A new method of identifying malicious URLs using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) has been shown to be effective by several authors. The simple method of classification performed by ANNs result in very high classification speeds with little impact on usability. Samples used for the training, validation and testing of these ANNs are gathered from Phishtank and Open Directory. Words selected from the different sections of the samples are used to create a `Bag-of-Words (BOW)' which is used as a binary input vector indicating the presence of a word for a given sample. Twenty additional features which measure lexical attributes of the sample are used to increase classification accuracy. A framework that is capable of generating these classifiers in an automated fashion is implemented. These classifiers are automatically stored on a remote update distribution service which has been built to supply updates to classifier implementations. An example browser plugin is created and uses ANNs provided by this service. It is both capable of classifying URLs requested by a user in real time and is able to block these requests. The framework is tested in terms of training time and classification accuracy. Classification speed and the effectiveness of compression algorithms on the data required to distribute updates is tested. It is concluded that it is possible to generate these ANNs in a frequent fashion, and in a method that is small enough to distribute easily. It is also shown that classifications are made at high-speed with high-accuracy, resulting in little impact on usability.
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Henrique, Wallace Favoreto. "Verificação de unicidade de URLs em coletores de páginas Web." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/SLSS-8GQJNA.
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One of the main difficulties in the development of a web crawler is in the component for verifying URL uniqueness, since complex data structures are required to ensure that the identification of URLs still not collected will be performed effectively and efficiently.If the component for verifying URL uniqueness is not effective and efficient, the performance of the other web crawler components will be affected.In this work we present a new algorithm for verifying URLs uniqueness, referred to as VEUNI (VErificador de UNIcidade de URLs).The algorithm VEUNI was compared with the best known algorithm in the literature, which was considered a baseline in the experiments.The comparative study between the algorithm VEUNI and the baseline was performed through a simulation of a collection of approximately 350 million pages, using a reference collection called ClueWeb09.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is an alternative that can be successfully used in web crawlers designed to be scalable to the entire Web.Uma das principais dificuldades existentes no desenvolvimento de um coletor de páginas web está no componente verificador de unicidade de URLs, pois estruturas de dados complexas são exigidas para garantir que a identificação das URLs ainda não coletadas seja feita de forma eficaz e eficiente. Caso o verificador de unicidade de URLs não ofereça eficácia e eficiência, os outros componentes do coletor serão prejudicados. Neste trabalho, apresentamos um novo algoritmo para verificar unicidade de URLs chamado VEUNI (VErificador de UNIcidade de URLs).O algoritmo VEUNI foi comparado com o melhor algoritmo conhecido na literatura, o qual foi considerado um baseline nos experimentos. O estudo comparativo entre o algoritmo VEUNI e o algoritmo baseline foi realizado por meio de uma simulação de uma coleta de aproximadamente 350 milhões de páginas, utilizando uma coleção de referência chamada ClueWeb09. Os resultados experimentais mostram que o algoritmo proposto é uma alternativa que pode ser utilizada com êxito em coletores de páginas que visam ser escaláveis para toda a Web.
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Li, Sirui. "A Study of Corrosion Monitoring Techniques Used in URLs for Metals." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6624.
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With the increasing use of fission-type nuclear power generation, particularly high-levels radioactive nuclear waste are generated, so the safe use of nuclear energy requires proper disposal of high-level radioactive nuclear waste. The selected treatment method is deep geological disposal. Therefore, underground research laboratory (URL) to prepare for deep geological disposal will also be carried out. Corrosion of metallic materials, which are closely related to the safety of URL, is the focus of this research project. This study selected monitoring techniques for URL and developed a rough monitoring scheme for temperature and resistivity in URL. In this study, corrosion-temperature and corrosion-resistivity monitoring experiments were carried out in different bentonite samples to simulate the experiments in URL. The results show that the self-compensating high-precision inductance corrosion monitoring system and multifunction soil corrosion rate measurer proved to be a good system for monitoring the corrosion-temperature and corrosion-resistivity of metals. However, the life span limitation makes them unable to meet the requirements of URL. The results also show that the corrosion rate of metal in bentonite is positively correlated with temperature. The existing electrochemical probes are suitable for monitoring the corrosion rate, but not suitable for soil corrosion rate monitoring.
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Al-Janabi, Mohammed Fadhil Zamil. "Detection of suspicious URLs in online social networks using supervised machine learning algorithms." Thesis, Keele University, 2018. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/5581/.
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This thesis proposes the use of several supervised machine learning classification models that were built to detect the distribution of malicious content in OSNs. The main focus was on ensemble learning algorithms such as Random Forest, gradient boosting trees, extra trees, and XGBoost. Features were used to identify social network posts that contain malicious URLs derived from several sources, such as domain WHOIS record, web page content, URL lexical and redirection data, and Twitter metadata. The thesis describes a systematic analysis of the hyper-parameters of tree-based models. The impact of key parameters, such as the number of trees, depth of trees and minimum size of leaf nodes on classification performance, was assessed. The results show that controlling the complexity of Random Forest classifiers applied to social media spam is essential to avoid overfitting and optimise performance. The model complexity could be reduced by removing uninformative features, as the complexity they add to the model is greater than the advantages they give to the model to make decisions. Moreover, model-combining methods were tested, which are the voting and stacking methods. Both show advantages and disadvantages; however, in general, they appear to provide a statistically significant improvement in comparison to the highest singular model. The critical benefit of applying the stacking method to automate the model selection process is that it is effective in giving more weight to more topperforming models and less affected by weak ones. Finally, 'SuspectRate', an online malicious URL detection system, was built to offer a service to give a suspicious probability of tweets with attached URLs. A key feature of this system is that it can dynamically retrain and expand current models.
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JOSHI, ABHIJIT PURSHOTTAM. "CONTEXTUAL DECOMPOSITION OF WEB RESOURCES: APPLYING SEMANTIC GRAPH ANALYSIS TO PERSONAL URL SETS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1070633035.
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Gonçalves, Luciana Helena. "O direito ao esquecimento na era digital: desafios da regulação da desvinculação de urls prejudiciais a pessoas naturais nos índices de pesquisa dos buscadores horizontais." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/16525.
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In the 'Recurso Especial' regarding to the petition filed with the court by the broadcasting presenter, Xuxa Meneghel, in order to compel Google Search to delist the results related to the expression 'Xuxa pedophile' or to any other term which would link her name to this criminal act from its search engine index, the Reporting Judge of this decision, Nancy Andrighi, has defined accurately the controversy of this dissertation: the daily life of thousands of people depends nowadays on the information which is on the web, and that would be not easily found without the use of the database provided by search engines. On the other hand, these search engines can be used to locate web pages with information, URLs which are results of the search under people’s names. In this way, what can be done? A right to be forgotten, in other words, the possibility of requiring the delisting of an URL from the search engine’s index which is a result of a search using the name of a person could really exist? There are people who affirm that the most appropriate measure to deal with this problem would be to reach out to the person who uploaded the content on the web. There are also people who defend that a right to be forgotten protection would represent a big threat to the freedom of expression. Before this context, this dissertation aims at establishing which could be the characteristics and limits of the right to be forgotten in the digital era, by taking into account the current condition of the Brazilian legal system in respect of this topic. In this way, this right will be confronted with other rights and public and private interests (specially the right to freedom of expression and the right to information) and also consider the characteristics of the operation of the global computer network. By remembering of the importance of the electronic search engines in the exercise of the access to information and, moreover, the difficulties which are related to the delisting of the information from all the sites in which it had been published, our dissertation will focus on the potential – and on the difficulties – of using the regulation of these mechanisms of search for the effective protection of the right to be forgotten in the digital era.
No julgamento do recurso especial referente à ação ajuizada pela apresentadora Xuxa Meneghel para compelir o Google Search a desvincular dos seus índices de busca os resultados relativos à pesquisa sobre a expressão 'Xuxa pedófila' ou qualquer outra que associasse o nome da autora a esta prática criminosa, a relatora da decisão, a Ministra Nancy Andrighi, definiu de maneira clara a controvérsia de que cuida este trabalho: o cotidiano de milhares de pessoas depende atualmente de informações que estão na web, e que dificilmente seriam encontradas sem a utilização das ferramentas de pesquisas oferecidas pelos sites de busca. Por outro lado, esses mesmos buscadores horizontais podem ser usados para a localização de páginas com informações, URLs prejudiciais resultantes da busca com o nome das pessoas. Diante disso, o que fazer? Existiria realmente um direito de ser esquecido, isto é, de ter uma URL resultante de uma pesquisa sobre o nome de uma pessoa desvinculado do índice de pesquisa do buscador horizontal? Há quem afirme que a medida mais apropriada para lidar com esse problema seria ir atrás do terceiro que publicou essa informação originariamente na web. Há também quem defenda que a proteção de um direito de ser esquecido representaria uma ameaça grande demais para a liberdade de expressão e de informação. Diante deste quadro, esta dissertação visa a estabelecer quais podem ser as características e os limites do direito ao esquecimento na era digital, de acordo com o estado atual da legislação brasileira a respeito, confrontando-se tal direito com outros direitos e interesses públicos e privados (especialmente o direito à liberdade de expressão e à informação) e levando em conta as características de funcionamento da própria rede mundial de computadores, em especial das ferramentas de buscas. Tendo em vista a importância dos buscadores horizontais no exercício do acesso à informação e, além disso, as dificuldades relacionadas à retirada de URLs de todos os sítios em que tenham sido publicadas, nossa pesquisa focará no potencial – e nas dificuldades – de se empregar a regulação de tais ferramentas de busca para a proteção eficaz do direito ao esquecimento na era digital.
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Farag, Mohamed Magdy Gharib. "Intelligent Event Focused Crawling." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73035.
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There is need for an integrated event focused crawling system to collect Web data about key events. When an event occurs, many users try to locate the most up-to-date information about that event. Yet, there is little systematic collecting and archiving anywhere of information about events. We propose intelligent event focused crawling for automatic event tracking and archiving, as well as effective access. We extend the traditional focused (topical) crawling techniques in two directions, modeling and representing: events and webpage source importance.
We developed an event model that can capture key event information (topical, spatial, and temporal). We incorporated that model into the focused crawler algorithm. For the focused crawler to leverage the event model in predicting a webpage's relevance, we developed a function that measures the similarity between two event representations, based on textual content.
Although the textual content provides a rich set of features, we proposed an additional source of evidence that allows the focused crawler to better estimate the importance of a webpage by considering its website. We estimated webpage source importance by the ratio of number of relevant webpages to non-relevant webpages found during crawling a website. We combined the textual content information and source importance into a single relevance score.
For the focused crawler to work well, it needs a diverse set of high quality seed URLs (URLs of relevant webpages that link to other relevant webpages). Although manual curation of seed URLs guarantees quality, it requires exhaustive manual labor. We proposed an automated approach for curating seed URLs using social media content. We leveraged the richness of social media content about events to extract URLs that can be used as seed URLs for further focused crawling.
We evaluated our system through four series of experiments, using recent events: Orlando shooting, Ecuador earthquake, Panama papers, California shooting, Brussels attack, Paris attack, and Oregon shooting. In the first experiment series our proposed event model representation, used to predict webpage relevance, outperformed the topic-only approach, showing better results in precision, recall, and F1-score. In the second series, using harvest ratio to measure ability to collect relevant webpages, our event model-based focused crawler outperformed the state-of-the-art focused crawler (best-first search). The third series evaluated the effectiveness of our proposed webpage source importance for collecting more relevant webpages. The focused crawler with webpage source importance managed to collect roughly the same number of relevant webpages as the focused crawler without webpage source importance, but from a smaller set of sources. The fourth series provides guidance to archivists regarding the effectiveness of curating seed URLs from social media content (tweets) using different methods of selection.Ph. D.
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Rodrigues, Kaio Wagner Lima, and 92991221146. "Removing DUST using multiple alignment of sequences." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2016. https://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/6557.
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FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
A large number of URLs collected by web crawlers correspond to pages with duplicate or near-duplicate contents. These duplicate URLs, generically known as DUST (Different URLs with Similar Text), adversely impact search engines since crawling, storing and using such data imply waste of resources, the building of low quality rankings and poor user experiences. To deal with this problem, several studies have been proposed to detect and remove duplicate documents without fetching their contents. To accomplish this, the proposed methods learn normalization rules to transform all duplicate URLs into the same canonical form. This information can be used by crawlers to avoid fetching DUST. A challenging aspect of this strategy is to efficiently derive the minimum set of rules that achieve larger reductions with the smallest false positive rate. As most methods are based on pairwise analysis, the quality of the rules is affected by the criterion used to select the examples and the availability of representative examples in the training sets. To avoid processing large numbers of URLs, they employ techniques such as random sampling or by looking for DUST only within sites, preventing the generation of rules involving multiple DNS names. As a consequence of these issues, current methods are very susceptible to noise and, in many cases, derive rules that are very specific. In this thesis, we present a new approach to derive quality rules that take advantage of a multi-sequence alignment strategy. We demonstrate that a full multi-sequence alignment of URLs with duplicated content, before the generation of the rules, can lead to the deployment of very effective rules. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach achieved larger reductions in the number of duplicate URLs than our best baseline in two different web collections, in spite of being much faster. We also present a distributed version of our method, using the MapReduce framework, and demonstrate its scalability by evaluating it using a set of 7.37 million URLs.
Um grande número de URLs obtidas por coletores corresponde a páginas com conteúdo duplicado ou quase duplicado, conhecidas em Inglês pelo acrônimo DUST, que pode ser traduzido como Diferentes URLs com Texto Similar. DUST são prejudiciais para sistemas de busca porque ao serem coletadas, armazenadas e utilizadas, contribuem para o desperdício de recursos, a criação de rankings de baixa qualidade e, consequentemente, uma experiência pior para o usuário. Para lidar com este problema, muita pesquisa tem sido realizada com intuito de detectar e remover DUST antes mesmo de coletar as URLs. Para isso, esses métodos se baseiam no aprendizado de regras de normalização que transformam todas as URLs com conteúdo duplicado para uma mesma forma canônica. Tais regras podem ser então usadas por coletores com o intuito de reconhecer e ignorar DUST. Para isto, é necessário derivar, de forma eficiente, um conjunto mínimo de regras que alcance uma grande taxa de redução com baixa incidência de falsos-positivos. Como a maioria dos métodos propostos na literatura é baseada na análise de pares, a qualidade das regras é afetada pelo critério usado para selecionar os exemplos de pares e a disponibilidade de exemplos representativos no treino. Para evitar processar um número muito alto de exemplos, em geral, são aplicadas técnicas de amostragem ou a busca por DUST é limitada apenas a sites, o que impede a geração de regras que envolvam diferentes nomes de DNS. Como consequência, métodos atuais são muito suscetíveis a ruído e, em muitos casos, derivam regras muito específicas. Nesta tese, é proposta uma nova técnica para derivar regras, baseada em uma estratégia de alinhamento múltiplo de sequências. Em particular, mostramos que um alinhamento prévio das URLs com conteúdo duplicado contribui para uma melhor generalização, o que resulta na geração de regras mais efetivas. Através de experimentos em duas diferentes coleções extraídas da Web, observa-se que a técnica proposta, além de ser mais rápida, filtra um número maior de URLs duplicadas. Uma versão distribuída do método, baseada na arquitetura MapReduce, proporciona a possibilidade de escalabilidade para coleções com dimensões compatíveis com a Web.
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Radvanyi, Jean. "Régions et pouvoirs en URSS : contraintes spatiales et politique régionale en URSS." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA070108.
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Furler, Bernhard. "Augen-Schein : deutschsprachige Reportagen über Sowjetrussland 1917-1939 /." Frankfurt am Main : Athenäum, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb349892314.
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Landa, Fitzgerald Victoria. "Recommended URL." Revista de Química, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101347.
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Wehner, Markus. "Bauernpolitik im proletarischen Staat : die Bauernfrage als zentrales Problem der sowjetischen Innenpolitik, 1921-1928 /." Köln ; Weimar ; Wien : Böhlau, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371015155.
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Melot-Henry, Annette. "La photographie soviétique de 1917 à 1945." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081706.
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La photographie sovietique est ici etudiee sous des aspects multiples : les conditions materielles de son essor, son statut dans la societe, la position des hommes politiques a son egard, ses applications diverses, ainsi que le discours des photographes eux-memes a travers l'analyse de leurs debats. La periode choisie, qui englobe les grands moments de l'histoire de ce pays, a permis de saisir les evolutions et de mettre les evenements en perspective. La premiere partie traite de la mise en place des structures qui ont favorise l'expansion rapide de la photographie. L'industrie et le commerce photographiques sont etudies en detail, ainsi que les questions juridiques et les differentes associations de photographes. La deuxieme partie concerne la representation photographique des grands moments, des grands projets, et des grands hommes. L'interrogation parallele des images et des textes a permis d'avancer des hypotheses sur le mecanisme du culte de la personnalite. La derniere partie est consacree a la question de l'art. En evitant d'adherer d'emblee a l'affirmation communement admise que seule l'avant-garde representee par rodtchenko serait digne d'interet, nous avons interroge tous les autres courants, afin de saisir les enjeux des uns et des autres. Cette recherche doit se comprendre comme une utilisation du champ de la photographie pour une meilleure apprehension de la civilisation sovietique.
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Silva, Catia da Silva e. Baptista da. "As causas da queda da URSS." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/1015.
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Sueur, Alain. "URSS et mythologie avant la perestroi͏̈ka." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010295.
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Le corpus est compose des textes relatifs à l’URSS publies dans sept quotidiens français d'audience nationale, de décembre 1981 à février 1982, et des éditoriaux consacrés à la mort de Leonid Brejnev fin 1982. L'analyse s'effectue en deux étapes : 1 par une lecture attentive et critique de l'ensemble de ces textes et de leur contexte (dessins, photos), repérage et inventaire des stéréotypes sur l’URSS, et proposition d'une typologie. 2 Par une analyse approfondie des éditoriaux sur les évènements de Pologne et sur la mort de l. Brejnev, montrer les stéréotypes en action dans le discours et, par l'approche sémiotique, l'émergence des quêtes au sens de A. J. Greimas, en utilisant la méthode initiée par Y. Delahaye sur les textes de politique internationale. Une troisième partie rattache la constellation des stéréotypes aux grands mythes de l'humanité : héroïsme, protection, ordre, barbare, bon sauvage, ogre, dragon, cité idéale, âge d'or, savant fou, le mal, poison, babel, David, l'apocalypse. Cette constellation mythique, reflet des angoisses et des espoirs de l'opinion française, est examinée à la lumière des travaux de Gilbert Durand (structures de l'imaginaire : héroïque, synthétique, mystique), Georges Dumézil (trois fonctions : rois prêtres, guerriers, producteurs), et A. J. Greimas (analyse des quêtes). L'opinion française, dont la presse se fait échos et qu'elle traduit dans son discours, a une vision triple de l’URSS au début des années 1980 : 1 dialectique, "l'URSS encerclée" (sacrilège), recherchant sa protection pour construire la cité idéale ; 2 d'exclusion, "la Russie arriérée" (lâcheté), cultivant leur héroïsme inutile dans une Babel ingouvernable ; 3 analogique, "l'empire éclaté" (laisser-aller), désirant l'ordre pour arriver à l’âge d'orThe data consists of every item speaking about ussr written in the seven main french daily newspapers, during the period between december 1981 and february 1982, plus editorials on the death of Leonid Brejnev at the end of 1982. The analysis is double : 1 first a plain and critical lecture of all the data with their surroundings (photos, drawings) to find and to list the stereotypes on URSS, and suggesting a typology. 2 By a deep analysis of editorials on events in poland and on the death of l. Brejnev, to see the stereotypes in action and, by a semiotical approach, to find the quests (A. J. Greimas meaning), using the method of Y. Delahaye on foreign affairs texts. A third part connects those stereotypes to the well known myths of humanity : heroism, need of protection, order, barbarianism, "bon sauvage", ogre, dragon, ideal city, golden age, mad sciencist, the evil, poison, babel, david, apocalypsis. This mythical galaxy, reflect of hopes and distresses of the french opinion, is analysed with the help of the works of gilbert durand (imaginary structures : heroical, synthetical, mystical), Georges Dumézil (three offices : king priests, warriors, producers), and A. J. Greimas (quest analysis). The french opinion, traduced by the press, has a triple vision of ussr at the beginning of the '80s : 1 dialectical, "cricled ussr" (sacrilege) in search of protection to build the idal city ; 2 expulsion, "retarded Russia" (cowardliness) with an unsuseful heroism in a babel ; 3 analogical, "the spotted empire" (slovenliness) wishing order to get to the golden age
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Smith, Jeremy. "The Bolsheviks and the national question, 1917-23 /." London : Macmillan : School of Slavonic and East European studies, University of London, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37105898g.
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Sapir, Jacques. "Rythmes d'accumulation et modes de régulation de l'économie soviétique : essai d'interprétation des cycles d'investissement et de main d'oeuvre en URSS de 1941 à nos jours." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100169.
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Ce travail a un double objectif: démontrer que l'on peut analyser l'économie soviétique à l'aide d'instruments forges sur les économies réputées capitalistes et étudier les fluctuations cycliques de l’URSS de 1941 à 1983. À partir d'une réflexion sur la signification du capitalisme, et à l'aide des exemples des économies de guerre et du Japon, on définit la notion d'économie mobilisée. Elle permet de décrire la forme spécifique prise par le développement du capitalisme dans la Russie et l’URSS. Il est alors montré que des procédures telles que la garantie de vente, la centralisation du crédit et du système monétaire, conduisent à des comportements des agents locaux qui induisent une collection de formes structurelles de médiation des conflits économiques et sociaux. Ces formes se sont organisées historiquement en deux modes de régulation: la régulation volontariste et la gestion consensuelle. Parmi les comportements clefs, trois, la concurrence-amont, une organisation du travail particulière et la forte mobilité de la main-d’œuvre agricole, génèrent un cycle liant l'investissement, la consommation, la productivité et l'emploi. Les récurrences successives de ce cycle sont étudiées de 1941 à 1983. L’évolution progressive de l'économie soviétique hors du mode volontariste a provoqué des affaiblissements momentanés de ce mécanisme. Il reste cependant vivace et a entrainé une crise à partir de 1976 dont les effets se font toujours sentirThere is two targets in this work. First an attempt to use on the Soviet Union some of the concepts originating from the capitalist ones. Second, a study of investment related cycles from 1941 to 1983. With a thought on the dynamics of capitalism and the role of the state as exemplified by war economies and japan, we are describing the specific path of development of Russia and Soviet Union as a mobilized economy. Some mechanisms like a seller's market, the centralization of both financial and monetary systems are leading to specific behaviors. Then we have a good number of intermediate forms by the way of which the society is able to cope with conflicts behaviorally induced. We could find, in the development history of the USSR, two global regulative processes, the "regulation volontariste" and the "gestion consensuelle". Among key behaviors, the quantity drive, a special kind of shop management and the high mobility of the rural work force are inducing a cyclical movement bending investment, consumption, productivity and employment. The study of soviet economy from 1941 to 1983 is showing a recurrent pattern for this cycle. Even if the transformation of the society after 1953 56 could slightly damp the movement, until 1976 there is no proof of this cycle fading away. But for the second half of the seventies and the beginning of the eighties we could find some new mechanisms which are leading to a long lasting crisis
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Adamets, Sergueï. "Les Catastrophes démographiques en Russie soviétique en 1918-1923 : (crises alimentaire, épidémique et de mortalité)." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0053.
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Le travail constitute une etude d'un moment majeur de l'histoire russe et societique : les grandes catastrophes demographiques des annees 1918 a 1923. Le but de cette recherche etait de developper un panorama de catastrophes, comprises comme un tout complexe dans ce but, les recensements des entreprises, de menages et de population, les enquetes de consommation et la statistique epidemiologique de l'epoque sont mis au examen critique approfondi. Les donnees epidemiques ont ete prises avec prudence et de nombreuses corrections y sont apportees. Les documents inedits, issus des archives exsovietiques, sont largement exploites a travers les sujets abordes. La these est centree sur l'etude des facteurs destructifs en traitant les crises economiques, alimentaires et epidemiques survenues pendant la periode 1918-1923. La specificite des crises des annees 1918-23 ne tient pas prioritairement au politique, mais plus a des logiques sociales et historiques. Finalement, l'auteur a procede a la modelisation de la crise de mortalite. Celle-ci a ete faite via la synthese des trois crises et au moyen de la reconstruction des perturbations de la mortalite par analogie avec les crises du xixieme siecle et la famine de 1933. Quelques-unes des strategies que la population et la societe ont developpees pour echapper a la mort sont egalement examinees, donc le commerce illegal, la politique du rationnement, l'aide aux affames, les migrations internesThe present work is a study of a critical period in russian and soviet history : the major demographic catastrophes of the years 1918 to 1923. The aim of this research was to develop a panoramic view of the catastrophes, seen as a complex whole. With this aim in mind, the business, household and population censuses, consumer surveys and epidemiological statistics of that time are subject to an in-depth critical analysis. The epidemiological data were treated with great caution and numerous corrections were made to them. Unpublished documents, taken from ex-soviet archives, are widely used through the subjects dealt with. The thesis is based around the study of destructive determinants by dealing with the economic, food and epidemic crises which occurred during the period 1918-1923. The specific nature of the crises in these years resuylted not only from politics, but also from social and historical logics. Finally, the author has attempted to model the mortality crisis. This was done by means of a synthesis of the three crises and using a reconstruction of the perturbations in mortality by analogy with the 19th century crises and the 1933 famine, some of the strategies which the population and society have developed in order to escape death are also studied : illegal trading, rationing policy, aid to the starving and internal migration
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Shim, Kyong-Wook. "Les forces armées soviétiques face à la diversité des nationalités : situation et perspectives : un mécanisme d'intégration ?" Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990IEPP0023.
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Dans le cas d'armée multinationale, comme celle de l'Union soviétique, l'intégration ethnique apparait comme un des éléments déterminants de sa combativité opérationnelle. Cette nécessité toute militaire d'intégrer les hommes correspond également à la fonction politique des forces armées soviétiques en tant qu'école de la nation". Or, chaque appelé arrive à l'armée à l'issue d'une vingtaine d'années d'imprégnation dans un environnement national, bourre de préjugés vis-à-vis des autres nationalités. Peut-on alors tenir les forces armées soviétiques pour un instrument efficace d'intégration nationale? On ne peut manquer d'être frappe, à l'analyse des mesures prises, par l'étonnante continuité des principes et des procédés appliques depuis sept décennies par les dirigeants soviétiques pour intégrer sous les drapeaux les jeunes de différentes nationalités, et notamment de la route choisie, la russification dans le même contexte, si l'on s'en tient au système militaire, on peut sans doute parler de réussite de cette tentative. En revanche, la russification des esprits n'a pas, et de loin, atteint des objectifs souhaites. De plus, la glasnost révèle de nombreux faits précédemment cachés : la réticence dans l'assimilation des valeurs officielles, une solidarité nationale spécifique, et le refus, chez les futurs appelés, de servir dans une armée tenue pour "étrangère". Le déséquilibre de l'évolution démographique en faveur des nations périphériques, et la résurgence de leurs nationalismes ne peuvent qu'exacerber cette tendance. En tous les cas, c'est bien la fin du mythe de l'"armée de l'amitié et de la fraternité entre les peuples soviétiques"As for the Soviet army, a multinational community, national intergration may be cone of the major factors to determine its combat effectiveness. The necessity to integrate the young soldiers with different national background coincides with the political function of the Soviet armed forced as a "national school". The young Soviets join the military after living around twenty years in different national societies and thus are filled with ethnic prejudice vis-a-vis the other Soviet nations. Then, could the Soviet army be regarded as an efficient instrument for the national integration ? If one analyses the mesures taken by the central government to integrate into the armed forces the youths with different nationalities since seven decades ago, he cannot but be surprised by the persistent effort to russify the servicemen. In this regard, those who closely examine the Soviet military system could be assured of a great success in the soviets' russiffication effort. However, it does not necessarily mean that the effort has met its eventual goal, an "attitudinal russification". Moreover, Gorbachev's glasnost has revealed a number of facts formerly hidden behind of the Soviet military forces - relectance at the identity of their official values, specific national solidarity among draftees, rejection of serving in a "foreign army". The disparity in the demographic progress in favor of non-slavic nations and the resurrection of their nationalism also have marred this russification effort. All those above-mentioned hint that the Soviet armed forces are marching towards the end of…
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Ekstrom, Joseph Clark. "Local URL Resolution Protocol." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1436.pdf.
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Bellat, Fabien. "France-URSS : regards sur l'architecture (1931-1958)." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100034.
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L’architecture soviétique suscita l’intérêt des architectes français, même pendant la période stalinienne. Malgré le discrédit du constructivisme dès 1931 et l’apparition de l’esthétique néo-académique, dans un contexte polémique, les architectes français n’ont pas cessé d’observer les édifices produits par l’URSS – inversement la propagande soviétique voulut conserver les liens avec les français, dont Auguste Perret, André Lurçat… Trois parties structurent cette thèse. Une première partie étudie les années 1930, évoquant les témoignages d’écrivains tels Gide, Duhamel, sur l’architecture soviétique. Le concours du Palais des Soviets eut un écho considérable en France, au-delà de la seule figure corbuséenne. Les voyages d’architectes français en URSS sont analysés à partir de témoignages inédits conservés au RGALI à Moscou, et sont évoqués pour la première fois les voyages d’architectes soviétiques en France, dont celui de 1935 organisé par Emile Maigrot. La seconde partie, de 1940 à 1950 étudie l’écho des Reconstructions soviétiques dans la presse architecturale française, les contacts personnels ou formels entre la France et l’URSS, autour de Perret, de ses élèves, de Jacques Carlu… Ainsi la guerre froide ne stoppa pas les contacts entre les deux mondes. La troisième partie, de 1950 à 1958, traite la mise en question du néo-académisme, qui fut particulièrement critiqué par les architectes français au Congrès de Moscou 1958. L’architecture soviétique fut en fait toujours connue par les créateurs français, qui la regardèrent avec fascination et troubleThe soviet architecture had aroused the interest of French architects, even during the Stalinist era. Despite the discredit of constructivism in 1931 and the appearance of neo-academism, in a polemic context, the French architects never ceased to look on buildings of SSSR – meanwhile the soviet propaganda try to continue the bonds with the French like Auguste Perret, André Lurçat… Tree parts structured that thesis. A first part study the 1930’s, with the testimony of writers as Gide, Duhamel. The competition of the Palace of Soviets had a large echo in France, not only with Le Corbusier. The travels of French architects in SSSR are based on unpublished materials of the RGALI of Moscow. The travels of soviet architects in France are also evocated, like the one organised by Emile Maigrot in 1935. The second part, the 1940’s study the echo of the soviet Reconstruction in the French architectural press, the contacts between France and SSSR, around Perret, his pupils, Jacques Carlu… So the cold war haven’t stop the touchs connecting the two worlds. The third part, the 1950’s, treats on the blame of neo-academism, particularly criticized by the French architects during Moscow Congress of 1958. In fact, the soviet architecture has always been seen by the French architects, that looked on it with fascination and confusion
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Konzem, Scott R. "Tenability and Computability of Generalized Polya Urns." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10263413.
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Urn models have a storied part in the history of probability and have been studied extensively over the past century for their wide range of applications. We analyze a generalized class of urn models introduced in the past decade, the so-called "multiset" class, in which more than one ball is sampled at a time. We investigate sufficient conditions for a multiset urn process to be tenable, meaning the process can continue indefinitely without getting stuck. We fully characterize the "strongly tenable" class of Pólya urn schemes, which is tenable under any starting conditions that allow the process to begin. We find several "weakly tenable" classes of Pólya urn schemes that are tenable only under restricted starting conditions. We enumerate the size of some of these tenable classes using combinatorics, probabilistically analyze them, and provide an algorithm to assess the tenability of an arbitrary urn scheme using breadth-first search. We further analyze the computational complexity of the tenability problem itself. By showing how to encode the Boolean satisfiability problem within a Pólya urn scheme, we find that the problem of determining whether a multiset urn scheme is untenable is in the complexity class NP-hard, and this places constraints on the kinds of tenability theorems we can hope to find. Finally, we analyze a generalized “fault tolerant” urn model that can take action to avoid getting stuck, and by showing that this model is Turing-equivalent, we show that the tenability problem for this model is undecidable.
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Logé, Yves. "Technologie et société en économie planifiée : l'informatique et les mutations socio-politiques en URSS." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990IEPP0017.
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Le monde est confronté à une nouvelle révolution industrielle et d'importantes mutations socio-économiques sont initiées par les nouvelles technologies de l'information. Ces changements sont diversement assumés suivant que le site concerné se recommande d'une économie de marché ou d'une économie planifiée. En Union soviétique, le concept de planification centralisée, les interdits dogmatiques et le bureaucratisme (piliers du marxisme-léninisme pratique) apparaissent comme autant de facteurs d'inhibition de l'innovation technologique, de sa diffusion et de son assimilation. Le poids du "système" est tel, que malgré la volonté affichée de promouvoir sciences et techniques, les implications industrielles, économiques et sociales de celles-ci demeurent très en-deçà de la potentialité de progrès qui s'est, à contrario, fortement manifestée en Occident. Nous constatons alors un important décalage technologique entre l'Est et l'Ouest. Telle une chape de plomb, un retard s'est installé, préjudiciable au bon fonctionnement de l'économie. S'en dégager exige une remise en cause du système même : dans son dogme et dans son idéologieThe world is confronted with a new industrial revolution, and extensive socio-economic changes are being initiated by the new data-processing technologies. The changes are applied in a variety of ways depending whether the country concerned is economically centered on a planned or a market economy. In the Soviet Union, the concept of central planning, the dogmatic restrictions and the bureaucracy (pillars of marxism-leninism in practice) are factors that inhibit the distribution and assimilation of technological innovations. The "system" weighs so heavily on the economy that its industrial and social development remains far behind the potentiality for progress that is so visible in the West. We consequently see a considerable discrepency between the East and the West. There is a time-lag between the two that has fallen between them, like a lead screen, and prevents the economy operating freely, from which there is no release without compromising the very system - in its dogma and its ideology
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Ivanoff, Guennady. "Les conséquences écologiques de la gestion économique soviétique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX10034.
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La formation de l'econoliesovietique est une tentative de concretisation de l' utopie communiste sur les ruines de l'economie traditionnelle. Les moyens de production (terre, ressources naturelles, usines, transports etc. . . . ) sont la propriete de l'etat. Dans ce contexte, l'irresponsabilite et la gabegie regnent en maitres. Les plans organisent toute la vie economique, mais ils ne sont le plus souvent que des fictions politiques. En l'absence de concurrence, la planification centralisee autoritaire ne permet d'obtenir qu'une augmentation quantitative de la production. Or, les prix trop bas des matieres premieres font que les entreprises n'ont aucun interet a produire beaucoup, voire,pour survivre, elle doivent produire le moins possible, en consommant un maximum de rssources. Ainsi, pertes et depenses inutiles s'accumulent a tous les stades de la production. Cette dilapidation des ressources materielles et energetiques aggrave l'etat de l'environnement. Aujourd'hui, la situation ecologique de l'urss est catastrophique.
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Mick, Christoph. "Sowjetische Propaganda, Fünfjahrplan und deutsche Russlandpolitik 1928-1932 /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35763428q.
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Whitefield, Stephen. "Industrial power and the Soviet State /." Oxford : Clarendon press, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35626720h.
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Ennker, Benno. "Die Anfänge des Leninkults in der Sowjetunion /." Köln ; Weimar ; Wien : Böhlau, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370990758.
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Texte remanié de: Diss.--Tübingen--Geschichtswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 1994. Titre de soutenance : Die Anfänge des Leninkults : Ursachen und Entwicklung in der Sowjetunion der zwanziger Jahre.Bibliogr. p. 351-379.
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Stolberg, Eva-Maria. "Stalin und die chinesischen Kommunisten 1945-1953 : eine Studie zur Entstehungsgeschichte der sowjetisch-chinesischen Allianz vor dem Hintergrund des kalten Krieges /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb369819333.
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Vassilev, Vassil Atanasov. "Le modèle soviétique." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100298.
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Lévy, Luc. "Histoire politique et mémoires clandestines : le discours historiographique sous Khrouchtchev et la littérature." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988IEPP0019.
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Le pouvoir soviétique a utilisé l'historiographie pour organiser son "auto célébration". Si le fait n'est pas nouveau dans l'histoire, la dimension qu'a prise la réécriture de l'histoire depuis la Révolution d'octobre est spectaculaire. Pourtant, le rapport secret du XXème congrès, dénonçant les crimes de Staline, conduisit à reconnaitre que certains éléments de l'historiographie soviétique avaient falsifié la réalité. Cette révision a vite rencontré des limites et c'est la littérature, fidèle à la mission qu'elle s'était fixée en Russie au XIXème, qui allait témoigner des souffrances que les cataclysmes de l'histoire ont fait éprouver au peuple russe. Emprisonnée par l'idéologie, l'histoire est menacée de mort et c'est la littérature, manifestant sa révolte contre les mensonges du système qui fut la seule capable de répondre aux questions les plus brulantes du passé récentThe Soviet authorities used historiography as a means of celebration its power. This relationship between power and history is not new. However, the appropriation of history by the authorities gained a dimension without precedent after the October Revolution. Wen the secret speech of the XXth congress, denounced crimes committed by Stalin, the authorities recognised that some parts of official history with the reality of the past was quickly restructed. In line with its traditional role in Russia, literature became the only source, during these years, to provide evidence of the suffering of the Russian people. Stifled by ideology, history took shelter in literature in order to survive
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O'Sullivan, Donal. "Furcht und Faszination : deutsche und britische Russlandbilder 1921-1933 /." Köln ; Weimar ; Wien : Böhlau, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37120539b.
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Belova, Olga. "Transformation des élites politiques en Europe post-communiste : le cas de la Russie, de l'Ukraine et de la Biélorussie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003IEPP0034.
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L'étude comparée des acteurs politiques er de leurs stratégies en Russie, Ukraine et Biélorussie entre 1989 et 1997 permet de comprendre comment les nouveaux régimes politiques se sont construits dans une double logique de récupération de certaines institutions et de pratiques propres à l'ancien régime soviétique, et d'adaptation aux nouvelles procédures démocratiques. Les relations informelles jouent un rôle clef dans la formation des nouvelles élites politiques, ce qui conduit à la mise en place de réseaux de patronage au sein des nouvelles institutions. La compétition pour le pouvoir entre les différents groupes d'acteurs et le processus de prise des décisions importantes se déroulent essentiellement à l'intérieur de ces réseaux clientélistes s'inspirant de la tradition soviétique, et cela en dépit d'un changement important de personnel politique. Cependant, le principe de la compétition électorale libre, introduit en 1990, remet en cause la domination de ces réseaux dont le coeur se trouve dans les institutions de l'exécutif. Si le rejet de ce principe conduit à la consolidation d'un régime ouvertement autoritaire en Biélorussie, les dirigeants russes et ukrainiens cherchent des moyens leur permettant de maîtriser le processus électoral. Ainsi, la création du "parti de l'exécutif" constitue un outil efficace qui permet de réduire le risque d'une alternance incontrôlée sans remettre en cause l'existence officielle des partis d'opposition et l'organisation régulière des élections parlementaires et présidentielles dans le respect des strandards minimaux démocratiques.
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Uslubas, Fevzi. "L'intervention soviétique en Afghanistan et l'Islam en URSS." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213230.
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Rodrigues, Roberio Paulino. "O colapso da URSS: um estudo das causas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8137/tde-11072007-112541/.
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Investiga as causas históricas, políticas, sociais e econômicas que mais contribuíram para o colapso e desaparecimento da União Soviética em 1991. Como um esforço de reinterpretação do fenômeno, desde a gênese até o esgotamento da URSS, apóia-se em análises e dados de alguns dos mais conhecidos especialistas no assunto. Considera que um conjunto de elementos se combinou para tal desfecho. Aponta como causas principais: a) o atraso material e cultural da velha Rússia para iniciar a construção do socialismo; b) o isolamento da Revolução Russa, fruto, entre outros fatores, do reformismo político que paralisou a classe operária no Ocidente; c) as agressões militares que a URSS sofreu, com suas imensas perdas humanas e os custos insuportáveis de defesa, derivados da ameaça permanente que vinha do exterior, que contribuíram para exauri-la economicamente; d) a natureza ditatorial do sistema político, como elemento central, que se pôde acelerar a industrialização e a modernização em uma primeira fase, trouxe imensos prejuízos humanos por outro e funcionou a partir de certo ponto no tempo como uma trava à continuidade do desenvolvimento da economia e da sociedade; e) o esgotamento do modelo extensivo de crescimento na virada para os anos 70, a desaceleração econômica que chega à estagnação no início dos anos 80 e o acentuado atraso tecnológico em relação ao mundo capitalista, verificado já na década de 70; f) As grandes transformações sociais, culturais e comportamentais ocorridas no mundo e na URSS, a Revolução da Informação e as mobilizações democráticas em todo Leste Europeu, que erodiram as fundações do sistema soviético; g) A Perestroika, que como programa de reformas acelerou a democratização do regime político, levando à desagregação do velho mecanismo burocrático de planejamento e gestão estatais da economia, o que por sua vez gerou caos; h) As mobilizações nacionalistas e a ofensiva restauracionista selaram a desagregação do sistema soviético. O processo final que levou ao colapso da URSS parece mais uma combinação de progressivas revoluções ou mobilizações democráticas - que em muito se assemelham às revoluções burguesas, já que suas bandeiras e demandas não diferem muito daquelas levantadas nas revoluções de 1789 e 1848 - com a implosão de um sistema político debilitado e ultrapassado, onde já não cabiam as forças produtivas e sociais que dentro dele se desenvolviamThe major historical, political, social and economic reasons contributing to the collapse as well as the disintegration of the USSR in 1991 are the core aspects scrutinized in this study. In an effort to make sense of the phenomenon from a different perspective, departing from the genesis to the collapse of the USSR, data analyzed by some of the most renowned researchers has been used as a theoretical basis. In this sense, such an outcome is attributed to a series of combined factors. Not only the material and cultural backwardness of slow-tochange Russia in order to set up socialism, but also the consequent isolation of the Russian Revolution, a result - amongst other factors - of the political conventionalism that paralyzed the Western working class, are two of the main explanations pointed out. A third aspect equally relevant refers to the military attacks that Russia had to cope with, not to mention its huge human losses and the unbearable defense costs - a consequence of permanent external threats -, thus impoverishing the country. On top of that, there is - as a crucial component - the double-edged essence of the dictatorial political system for, if on one hand, it speeds up both industrialization and modernization, on the other hand, it also accounts for huge human losses, thus representing - from a given moment - an obstacle to the continuing economic and social development. A fifth chain of events worth highlighting is the failure of the extensive economic development pattern at the turn of the seventies, followed by the economic deceleration, almost on the verge of stagnation in the eighties, not to mention the conspicuous technological delay when compared to the capitalist world, where it had been in evidence since the seventies. In addition to this, the huge social, cultural and behavioral changes - which took place in the world as well as in the USSR, followed by both the Information Revolution and democratic mobilizations throughout Eastern Europe - undermined the foundations of the Soviet system. Furthermore, while the Perestroika - as a restructuring program - became the catalyst for dismantling the conservative bureaucratic structures of government led planning and management, on the other hand, it also accelerated the democratization of the political government, which produced chaos. Last but by no means least, the nationalist mobilizations allied to the restoration offensive determined the downfall of the Soviet system. By and large, the final process responsible for the collapse of the USSR resembles more a combination of consecutive revolutions or a series of democratic mobilization - very similar to the bourgeois revolutions in many aspects given that its causes and demands do not differ substantially from the ones arisen in the 1789 and 1848 revolutions, - with the dismantling of a debilitated and outdated political system, since productive and social forces in full development in its interior could not fit into such a structure anylonger
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Vaagland, Emil Lindgjerdet. "URL Crawling & classification system." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for telematikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18764.
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Today, malware is often found on legitimate web sites that have been hacked. The aim of this thesis was to create a system to crawl potential malicious web sites and rate them as malicious or not. Through research into current malware trends and mechanisms to detect malware on the web, we analyzed and discussed the problem space, before we began design the system architecture. After we had implemented our suggested architecture, we ran the system through tests. These test shed some light on the challenges we had discussed. We found that our hybrid honey-client approach was of benefit to detect malicious sites, as some malicious sites were only found when both honey-clients cooperated. In addition, we got insight into how a LIHC can be useful as a queue pre-processor tool for a HIHC. On top of that, we learned the consequence of operating a system like this without a well built proxy server network: false-negatives.
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Segla, Messam Daniel. "La loi sur la presse de 1990 et ses conséquences dans l'Ex-URSS." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081720.
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L'histoire de la presse russe et sovietique depuis le lancement du premier periodique les nouvelles (vedomosti) en 1702 suscite beaucoup d'interets. Les differents tsars qui se sont succedes de nicolas 1er a alexandre ii ont eu des politiques variees a l'egard des journaux. Cette situation a dure jusqu'au triomphe de la revolution d'octobre 1917, apres laquelle lenine v. I. Et ses compagnons bolcheviks creerent un premier cadre juridique a la presse (le decret bolchevique d'octobre-novembre 1917 sur la presse). En juillet 1936 fut mise sur pied une institution d'etat : le glavlit, dont le role consistait a controler 1 a production et la parution des ouvrages de presse en russie. Durant pres de 70 ans, malgre la gamme variee des techniques perfectionnees, l'ex-urss etait en proie a un sous-developpement informationnel. Cela resultait de l'emprise de la censure sur les activites des medias dont le parti communiste et d'autres institutions avaient le monopole. Les medias remplirent des fonctions d'un veritable service public jusqu'en 1986, annee au cours de laquelle mikhail gorbatchev a initie sa politique de glasnost. Desormais les medias sont appeles a garantir la transparence dans la societe sovietique dans le cadre des lois en vigueur, a refleter la plurialite d'opinions le plus completement possible. Malgre la "volonte" des dignitaires au pouvoir a restituer la liberte d'expression, il n'existait aucun texte juridique servant de plate-forme aux activites des medias qui ont toujours fonctionne sur la base de decrets et d'ordonnances. Pour combler ce vide juridique, une legislation sur la presse a ete votee par le parlement de l'ex-urss en juin 1990. Celle-ci entra en vigueur a partir du 1er aout de la meme annee. Cette loi, la premiere de toute l'histoire legislative russo-sovietique reste une veritable charte de reference d'une profession - le journalisme. Elle a mis fin au regne du "tout-puissant" glavlit et a apporte certaines garanties politiques. Toutefois, elle n'a pas pu regler les details economiques et financiers pour accompagner la liberte nouvellement acquise. C'est dans ce contexte particulierement difficile qu'interviennent les evenements politiques d'aout 1991, qui ont engendre la retraite politique forcee de mikhail gorbatchev et l'eclatement de l'urss. Ils inaugurent le debut d'une ere nouvelle pour les medias dans un environnement ou regne l
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Grimberg, Isabelle. "Destin d'une doctrine de construction identitaire sous un régime communiste : chronique de l'échec de la mise sous tutelle du slavophilisme en URSS (1917-1988)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003IEPP0002.
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Adam, Yvon. "La culture physique et le sport comme forme du développement d'une société : le cas de l'U.R.S.S." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H045.
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Rousselet, Kathy. "Secte et Eglise : essai sur la religion non institutionnalisée en Union soviétique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990IEPP0026.
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Si les mouvements religieux en marge ou hors des institutions ont eu au cours de l'histoire de la Russie une large place dans le paysage religieux, les nouvelles conditions socio-politiques issues de la Révolution de 1917 et la législation sur les cultes de 1929 ont provoqué une recrudescence de la dissidence et en ont modifié les formes. L'objet de cette étude est de comprendre l'émergence de ces mouvements religieux, de saisir leur dynamique, de voir les carences socio-politiques ou religieuses qu'ils révèlent et d'observer dans le paysage religieux soviétique les diverses formes de protestation socio-religieuse, dont la secte est le stage ultime. Plus qu'une description historique, ce travail opère une classification au sein de la religion non institutionnalisée soviétique. On y étudie successivement les relations entre protestation socio-religieuse et révolution politique, l'influence du contexte politique sur les pratiques religieuses et sur les croyances - l'institutionnalisation de certains groupes et, par réaction, l'émergence de mouvements radicaux-, et le rôle du contexte social dans l'apparition d'un certain type de religion hors des institutionsThe religious movements on the fringe of or even beside the institutions have taken up quite a large part of the religious landscape throughout the history of Russia. But the new sociopolitical conditions which stemmed from the 1917 Revolution and the 1929 legislation on the cults caused the upsurge of the dissent and the modification of the forms. The subject of this study is to understand the emergence of these religious movements, to seie their dynamics, to grasp the sociopolitical and religious deficiencies they reveal and to observe the various forms of socioreligious protest - of which the sect is the ultimate stage - in the soviet religious landscape. Rather than a historical description, this work builds a classification within the non institutionalized religion in the Soviet Union. The realtionships between socioreligious protest and political revolution, the influence of the political context on religious practices and beliefs - the institutionalization of some groups, and in reaction, the emergence of radical movements - and the role of the social context in the appearing of a certain type of religion outside the institutions, such are the topics which are dealt with in this study
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Zalambani, Maria. "L'Art dans la production : le débat sur le "productivisme" en Russie soviétique des années 1920." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0015.
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L'objet de la recherche est le processus de formation et l'evolution de la theorie de l'art productiviste en russie sovietique dans les annees 1920. Le mouvement productiviste surgit en russie au lendemain de la revolution d'octobre pour repondre a une demande de rationalisation de la societe dans son ensemble, rationalisation qui a pour but d'elever la production, d'en ameliorer la qualite, mais surtout de creer une mentalite et une conscience ouvrieres qui permettront la consolidation du socialisme. Pour les productivistes il s'agit de concevoir un art qui, en fusionnant avec la production, soit a meme de reorganiser la societe dans sa globalite. La relation entre l'art et la production concerne directement toutes les spheres du social : elle part de l'usine, se repand dans la vie quotidienne et organise meme les loisirs. Production, art et vie quotidienne doivent se fondre en un seul plan de rationalisation qui obeisse aux regles de l'organisation scientifique du travail (not). C'est la proclamation d'un art qui n'embellit pas la vie, mais qui l'organise et la creeThe subject of this research is the process of formation and the evolution of the theory of art in production in the 20th. The productivist mouvement was born in russia immediately after the october revolution to respond to the necessity of rationalization of the society in its globality. This, in order to raise the production and to improve its quality but, above all, to create a working class mentality and conscience. The productivists want to realize an art which, melting with production, can reorganize the socialist society. The relationship between art and production concerns all the social spheres : it departs from the factory, spreads through society and organizes leisure time. It is the proclamation of an art which does not adorn life, but creates it
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Marand, Christine. "Relations culturelles franco-soviétiques : 1966-1986." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990IEPP0022.
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La thèse sur les relations culturelles franco-soviétiques, 1966-1986, se propose d'évaluer la place des relations culturelles dans les relations qu'entretiennent deux pays à systèmes sociaux et politiques différents. Elle se situe à l'intersection de l'étude des relations internationales et de celle du système politique soviétique. Dans la perspective de permettre l'analyse du lien culture politique et compte tenu de l'organisation des échanges franco-soviétiques au cours de la période, sont privilégiés les échanges officiels, y compris dans les articulations avec secteurs privé et associatif. Les sources disponibles sont hétérogènes mais abondantes. Il est à souligner que les archives du ministère de la culture de l'URSS ont été dépouillées. Elles font apparaitre trois phases successives. Dans les années soixante, un réel essor des échanges ne peut occulter la dissymétrie des organisations. Cette dissymétrie entraine, dans les années soixante-dix des déséquilibres et une nette tendance à la stagnation. De fait, dissymétrie et déséquilibre relèvent de la divergence des buts, mise en évidence lors de la dernière période. Cette divergence explique le bilan de ces politiques de relations culturelles internationales, lisible dans les études d'opinion publiqueThe aim of this dissertation on cultural relations between France and the Soviet Union from 1966 is to estimate the part played by cultural relations in the relations between two countries with different sociopolitical systems. It is at the intersection of the study of international relations and the study of the political system of the Soviet Union. In order to examine the link between culture and politics and given the organization of exchanges between France and the USSR, official exchanges and their links with the private sector has been given particular prominence. The sources available are numerous and heterogeneous. It should be stressed that the author has had open access to the archives of the USSR ministry of culture. Three successive stages have been identified. In the sixties the relations developed rapidly in spite of the dissymetry of the French and of the soviet systems. This led, in the seventies, to a situation of imbalance and to a certain stagnacy. Dissymetry and imbalance ean indeed be explained by differences in purpose. The latter, which emerges from a study of the third stage, leads to a final assessment of these politicses of international cultural relations, of their impact on public opinion
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Blum, Alain. "Systèmes démographiques soviétiques." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0002.
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Cette these aborde la demographie sovietique entre 1917 et 1991 sous deux angles. D'une part l'analyse des sources, dont nombreuses sont celles qui viennent d'etre accessibles, permet de comprendre comment la statistique administrative sovietique a fonctionne, comment les sources ont pu servir a deformer l'image qui voulait etre donnee du pays, mais comment, aussi, cete statistique a continue a faire son travail par dela toutes les ruptures. D'autre part, une etude des diverses composantes des evolutions demographiques et des contrastes demographiques regionaux permet d'aborder l'analyse des societes qui coexisterent sur le sol de l'urss, en mettant l'accent sur l'independance entre des evolutions culturelles qui prefigurent l'eclatement de l'urss. Une analyse de long terme permet enfin de faire le point sur les mouvements demographiques souvent dramatiques des annees 1920 et 1930 qui furent longtemps ignores et caches, les sources demographiques etant jusqu'a il y a peu enfermees dans les archivesThis work deals with the demographic trends in the ussr betwenn 1917 and 1991, in two main aspects. On one hand the analysis of the sources, and especially new discovered sources, after the opening of the archives, helps to understand how official soviet statistics have been worked, how the sources have lead to modify the description of the country, but also how this statistics have continued to work, even in the time of demographic disasters. In another hand, a study of the components of demographic trends and of regional demographic disparities help us to examine societies which have been developped in a same country, the ussr, but with a great independance. This independance was a good prefiguration of the bursting of the ussr. An analysis of long term demographic trends leads to precise demographic break-up of the 20ies and the 30ies, which where for a long time unknown and concealed, the demographic sources having been until the last year closed in the archives
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Cerovic, Masha. "Les Enfants de Joseph : les partisans soviétiques : révolution, guerre civile et résistance armée à l'occupation allemande en URSS (1941-1944)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010669.
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Les partisans soviétiques ont formé pendant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale un des principaux mouvements de résistance armée à l'occupation allemande en Europe, implanté dans les vastes forêts de Biélorussie, du nord de l'Ukraine et de Russie occidentale. En croisant les archives allemandes et soviétiques, les sources institutionnelles, celles des unités de partisans elles-mêmes et des ego-documents, ce travail explore l'expérience et la culture de guerre des partisans soviétiques, en centrant l'analyse autour de la nature, des racines et des effets de la violence politique telle que subie et exercée par les partisans. Il analyse l'impact de la violence d'occupation allemande, l'émergence et la structuration du mouvement partisan, les relations complexes des partisans avec l'Etat-Parti soviétique, leurs conceptions de la patrie soviétique, les relations entre civils et combattants et les dynamiques de radicalisation de la violence en territoire occupé. Il montre que les partisans soviétiques étaient le produit à la fois d'une culture politique spécifique héritée de la Révolution et de la violence d'occupation allemande: ils comprenaient leur action comme un moment essentiel d'une apocalypse révolutionnaire ouverte en 1917, sans que leur mouvement s'inscrive dans la simple continuité des conflits qui avaient marqué l'URSS jusqu'à la guerre.
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Yaneff, Stefan. "La Constitution de l'Union des Républiques Socialistes-Soviétiques." Lyon : Université Lyon3, 2006. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/1990/yaneff_s.
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