Relevant bibliographies by topics / Urine recycling

Academic literature on the topic 'Urine recycling'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Urine recycling"

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Gerding, Johannes, Claudia Peters, Wolfgang Wegscheider, Johanna Stranzinger, Frederik Lessmann, Katrin Pitzke, Volker Harth, Udo Eickmann, and Albert Nienhaus. "Metal exposure of workers during recycling of electronic waste: a cross-sectional study in sheltered workshops in Germany." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 94, no. 5 (January 24, 2021): 935–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01651-9.

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Abstract Objectives In Germany, the initial step of electronic waste (e-waste) recycling frequently takes place in sheltered workshops for physically and mentally handicapped workers (Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen (WfbM), in german language). E-waste recycling involves a potential risk of exposure to toxic metals. Therefore, we assessed the occupational exposure of recycling workers to toxic metals to identify potential health risks and insufficient protective measures. Methods We used a combined air- and bio-monitoring approach to determine exposure of recycling workers to toxic metals. Air and urine samples were collected in five sheltered workshops in Germany and were analysed for their content of aluminium, antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, mercury and nickel. Results were compared to German and international occupational limit values and to metal exposures of workers in conventional e-waste recycling firms. Results Exposure of recycling workers in five German sheltered workshops to the studied metals and their compounds was below German and international occupational limit values across all facilities studied considering both air and urine samples. Workers in the present study were not exposed to higher amounts of toxic metals than workers in conventional e-waste recycling firms. Conclusion This is the first study on toxic metal exposure of recycling workers in sheltered workshops. The results of this study revealed a low occupational exposure of e-waste recycling workers to toxic metals in this type of enterprises. Current work methods and safety measures provide the workers with adequate protection.
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Noe-Hays, Abraham, Kim Nace, Neil Patel, Rebecca Lahr, Heather Goetsch, Rachel Mullen, Nancy Love, et al. "Urine Diversion for Nutrient Recovery and Micropollutant Management: Results from a Regional Urine Recycling Program." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2015, no. 19 (January 1, 2015): 3993–4002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864715819538921.

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Zhang, Mian, Yonggang Liu, Huipan Yu, Xiaowei Meng, Pengpeng Liu, Honggui Zhang, and Jianwei Zhang. "A Potential Method for Recycling of Gastrodin Separated from Urine." Asian Journal of Chemistry 25, no. 8 (2013): 4603–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.14251.

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FENG, D., Z. WU, and S. XU. "Nitrification of human urine for its stabilization and nutrient recycling." Bioresource Technology 99, no. 14 (September 2008): 6299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.12.007.

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Moreira, Aline Paiva, Fernando Jorge Correa Magalhaes Filho, and Paula Loureiro Paulo. "Are human urine recycling technologies becoming a worldwide trend in Agri-Food sector? A review by bibliometric analysis from 1999 to 2020." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 17 (December 20, 2021): e41101724143. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i17.24143.

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The recovery of organic fertilizers from human urine as one of the solutions for the sustainable management of effluents and sanitation can be very promising, by the strategy of reuse urban wastewater, combined with the development of agricultural input. The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the publications available in the ScienceDirect and Wiley Online Library databases on the subject of human urine nutrient recovery for the period from 1999 to 2020 to respond whether human urine recycling can improve cities resilience, through urban water management has the potential to become a competitive solution in the Agri-Food global market based on scientific findings. The process of bibliometric analysis exploring databases were divided in 8 steps: 1) Key-word selection, 2) Period selection, 3) Database selection, 4) Scanning the publications, 5) Removal of duplicates, 6) Verification of publications, 7) Selection of the publications with the highest adherence, 8) Final classification. A total of 985 scientific publications were selected from the Wiley Online Library and 996 from Science Direct. Out of these, only 45 were selected for being potentially aligned with urine recycling technologies relate to water management in a worldwide perspective. Human urine as a bio-fertilizer has the potential to the Agribusiness market, based on statistical data analysis, however to become a marketable product, especially in low-middle income countries, sustainability assessment studies of urine technologies, integrating economic, social and environmental aspects are needed.
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Shkembi, Abas, Kowit Nambunmee, Siripond Jindaphong, Denisse Parra-Giordano, Karla Yohannessen, Pablo Ruiz-Rudolph, Richard L. Neitzel, and Aubrey Arain. "Work Task Association with Lead Urine and Blood Concentrations in Informal Electronic Waste Recyclers in Thailand and Chile." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 9, 2021): 10580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010580.

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The informal recycling of electronic waste (“e-waste”) is a lucrative business for workers in low- and middle-income countries across the globe. Workers dismantle e-waste to recover valuable materials that can be sold for income. However, workers expose themselves and the surrounding environment to hazardous agents during the process, including toxic metals like lead (Pb). To assess which tools, tasks, and job characteristics result in higher concentrations of urine and blood lead levels among workers, ten random samples of 2 min video clips were analyzed per participant from video recordings of workers at e-waste recycling sites in Thailand and Chile to enumerate potential predictors of lead burden. Blood and urine samples were collected from participants to measure lead concentration. Boosted regression trees (BRTs) were run to determine the relative importance of video-derived work variables and demographics, and their relationship with the urine and blood concentrations. Of 45 variables considered, five job characteristics consisting of close-toed shoes (relative importance of 43.9%), the use of blunt striking instruments (14%), bending the back (5.7%), dismantling random parts (4.4%), and bending the neck (3.5%) were observed to be the most important predictors of urinary Pb levels. A further five job characteristics, including lifting objects <20 lbs. (6.2%), the use of screwdrivers (4.2%), the use of pliers/scissors (4.2%), repetitive arm motion (3.3%), and lifting objects >20 pounds (3.2%) were observed to be among the most important factors of blood Pb levels. Overall, our findings indicate ten job characteristics that may strongly influence Pb levels in e-waste recycling workers’ urine and blood.
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Dox, Kris, Renz Pareijn, Maarten Everaert, and Erik Smolders. "Phosphorus recycling from urine using layered double hydroxides: A kinetic study." Applied Clay Science 182 (December 2019): 105255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2019.105255.

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Wuang, Ren, Jin Pengkang, Liang Chenggang, Wang Xiaochang, and Zhang Lei. "A study on the migration and transformation law of nitrogen in urine in municipal wastewater transportation and treatment." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 5 (September 1, 2013): 1072–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.336.

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Many studies suggest that the total nitrogen (TN) in urine is around 9,000 mg/L and about 80% of nitrogen in municipal wastewater comes from urine, because nitrogen mainly occurs in the form of urea in fresh human urine. Based on this fact, the study on the migration and transformation law of nitrogen in urine and its influencing factors was carried out. It can be seen from the experimental results that the transformation rate of urea in urine into ammonia nitrogen after standing for 20 days is only about 18.2%, but the urea in urine can be hydrolyzed into ammonia nitrogen rapidly after it is catalyzed directly with free urease or indirectly with microorganism. Adding respectively a certain amount of urease, activated sludge and septic-tank sludge to urine samples can make the maximum transformation rate achieve 85% after 1 day, 2 days and 6 days, respectively. In combination with some corresponding treatment methods, recycling of nitrogen in urine can be achieved. The results are of great significance in guiding denitrification in municipal wastewater treatment.
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Fittschen, Imke, and Hermann H. Hahn. "Characterization of the municipal wastewaterpart human urine and a preliminary comparison with liquid cattle excretion." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 6 (September 1, 1998): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0231.

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In separation toilets, human urine and faeces are separated at source in order to keep them away from the aquatic environment and to enable recycling. 24-hour urine samples of 19 individuals were analysed for several wastewater parameters. The daily loads and their mean variation are presented, and the contribution of human urine to the total daily load in municipal wastewater is calculated. The concentration of plant nutrients in human urine was compared with those of liquid cattle excretion as traditional organic fertilizer. Nearly all investigated chemical parameters showed great differences. Cations and anions could not be balanced. During storage, the urea in both human urine and cattle urine was quickly converted to ammonium. During 41 days, storage of human urine with passive gas transfer did not lead to significantly higher nitrogen losses than closed storage. Cattle urine reached highly significantly better results than human urine in a germination test with summer barley and in most of the cases highly significantly or significantly worse results in a germination test with cress. The results indicate that the effects of liquid cattle excretion on plant growth are not the same as those of human urine.
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Udert, K. M., T. A. Larsen, and W. Gujer. "Fate of major compounds in source-separated urine." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2006): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.921.

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Urine separation is a promising alternative to present-day waste water management. It can help to manage our nutrient flows in a sustainable way. Currently, techniques are being developed to recycle and treat source-separated urine. These techniques, however, must consider the spontaneous processes that change the separated urine. The initial cause of changes is the contamination with microorganisms, which can hardly be avoided in urine-collecting systems. The most important transformation processes are microbial urea hydrolysis, mineral precipitation and ammonia volatilisation. Additionally, a variety of microorganisms may grow in source-separated urine, because the content of biodegradable organic compounds is very high. These microorganisms may also include pathogens. In this paper we give an overview of the effects that the spontaneous transformation processes may have. We focus on nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, potassium, sulphur, organic substances, pathogens and the buffering capacity. The discussion is based on own experiences and literature reviews. This overview will help to develop appropriate technologies for urine recycling.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urine recycling"

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De, Paepe Jolien. "Urine recycling technologies for a circular future within and beyond terrestrial boundaries." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672515.

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L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi és el desenvolupament de tecnologies per al reciclat d’orina que siguin eficients en la utilització de recursos i que i) es puguin implementar en sistemes de suport de vida, com el Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative de l’Agència Europea de l’Espai o ii) que puguin ser emprats a la Terra com a sistemes de tractament d’ orina locals/distribuïts. Com que els recursos són limitats a l’Espai, l’objectiu ha sigut assolir la màxima recuperació de nutrients amb el mínim cost energètic i l’ús dels materials per reduir les càrregues màssiques i minimitzar la necessitat de re-abastiment. Per això s’ han investigat i posat a punt diverses alternatives de procés combinant etapes biològiques i fisicoquímiques.
El objetivo de esta tesis es el desarrollo de tecnologías para el reciclado de orina que sean eficientes en el uso de recursos y que i) se puedan implementar en sistemas de soporte de vida, como el Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative de la Agencia Europea del Espacio o ii) que puedan ser utilizados en la Tierra como sistemas de tratamiento de orina locales/distribuidos. Como los recursos son limitados en el Espacio, el objetivo ha sido alcanzar la máxima recuperación de nutrientes con el mínimo coste energético y la utilización de los materiales para reducir las cargas másicas y minimizar la necesidad de reabastecimiento. Para ello se han investigado y puesto a punto distintas alternativas de proceso combinando etapas biológicas y físico-químicas.
Human presence in outer space is currently supported by regular resupply of life support consumables from Earth. However, deep-space exploration or space habitation will depend on regenerative life support systems (RLSS) for in-situ oxygen, water and food production and waste management as resupply becomes practically impossible due to the long distance and transit time. Urine recycling is of key interest in RLSS to recover water and nutrients, which can serve as a fertiliser for plants and microalgae. Urine source separation and recycling also gains attention on Earth to shorten terrestrial nutrient cycles, which play a pivotal role in our food supply, but are currently pushed to their planetary boundaries by extensive synthetic fertiliser production and use. Nutrient recovery from waste streams could reduce the need for energy intensive ammonia production and mining of non-renewable phosphorus and potassium, and obviate the need for advanced nutrient removal to protect the environment. Amongst other streams, urine is targeted, as it presents the major nutrient source in domestic wastewater and has good fertilising properties. Other benefits stemming from urine source separation include the reduced water consumption for flushing and the decreased nutrient load and better effluent quality of wastewater treatment plants. The goal of this PhD thesis was to develop resource-efficient urine recycling technologies that i) can be implemented in RLSS, such as the Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative from the European Space Agency or, ii) used for on-site/decentralised urine treatment on Earth. As resources are scarce in space, the goal was to achieve maximum nutrient recovery with minimum energy expenditure and use of consumables in order to reduce payloads and to minimise the need for resupply. Different urine treatment trains combining biological and physico-chemical processes were investigated. Urine contains many valuable compounds, but the compositional complexity and instability present challenges for urine collection and treatment. Urea, the main nitrogen compound in urine, quickly hydrolyses into ammonia and (bi)carbonate, causing nutrient losses, odour nuisance, scaling and clogging by uncontrolled precipitation, and ammonia volatilisation. Therefore, an alkalinisation step was included to prevent ureolysis and to remove calcium and magnesium by controlled precipitation, thereby minimising the risk for scaling in the following treatment steps. In Chapter 2 and 3, NaOH was used to increase the pH of fresh urine, whereas Chapter 4 investigated the use of an electrochemical cell to avoid base consumption, the logistics associated with base storage and dosing, and the associated increase in salinity. Nitrification was applied to convert instable urea and/or volatile and toxic TAN into non-volatile nitrate in Chapter 2, 3 and 5. Three different reactors were employed: a pilot scale MBBR, a bench scale MABR and a bench scale MBBR. The MABR was preceded by a microbial electrolysis cell to remove the COD prior to nitrification. Full urine nitrification is preferred over partial nitrification because of the higher process stability and safety, but requires additional alkalinity to compensate for the proton release by nitrification. In Chapter 5, the nitrification reactor was coupled to a dynamically controlled electrochemical cell for in-situ OH- production as an alternative to base addition, enabling full nitrification. Nitrified urine can be applied as a fertiliser, but the nutrient concentrations are low compared to synthetic fertilisers. Hence, for terrestrial applications, a concentration step is preferred. Chapter 2 explored the feasibility of ED to concentrate nutrients, whereas, in Chapter 5, the electrochemical cell for pH control also functioned as concentration technology. Alternatively, nitrified urine can be valorised as culture medium for microalgae, which was investigated in Chapter 6.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Biotecnologia
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Niwagaba, Charles. "Treatment technologies for human faeces and urine /." Uppsala : Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/200970.pdf.

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Adolfsson, David. "Diverting human urine from outhouses into agriculture in Nicaragua : for sanitation, fertilizer and recycling purposes." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-33221.

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Human urine is a   valuable resource which has good potential to be used as a fertilizer all   over the world. In the developing countries sanitation and food security are   both issues that need urgent attention.    A urine separation toilet can be constructed with minimal investment   in the Nicaraguan context, and the usage of the urine as a fertilizer can   help establish higher yields and is a good alternative to chemical   fertilizers. This field experiment is trying this in practice in the context   of rural Nicaragua, to determine the effect of urine on two plants on. For   this study, the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and the Chaya (Cnidoscolus   aconitifolius) was selected and the results confirm that urine has potential   as a fertilizer in the Nicaragua context. The common bean yield was twice as   large after urine fertilization and the Chaya reacted positively to urine   fertilization. For urine separation purposes, two different separators were   constructed on the site to showcase the benefits with separating the urine   from the faeces, creating lower latrine volume and better sanitation in the   outhouse. The risks associated with human urine are low if the urine is   separated securely to avoid crosscontamination from faeces. If a   safety-barrier system is adopted, the overall risks with using urine as a   fertilizer are negligible. The spreading potential of urine separation and   fertilization in rural Nicaragua is high, but more experiments and   demonstrations are needed to reach adopters of the technology.
La orina humana es un recurso valioso que tiene un   buen potencial para ser utilizado como fertilizante en el mundo entero. En   los países en vías de desarrollo, el saneamiento y la seguridad alimentaria   son dos temas que necesitan atención urgente. Un inodoro de separación de   orina puede ser construido con una inversión mínima en el contexto   Nicaragüense, y el uso de la orina como fertilizante puede ayudar a   establecer mayores rendimientos y es una buena alternativa a los   fertilizantes químicos. Este experimento de campo está probando esto en la   práctica en el contexto de Nicaragua rural, para determinar  la diferencia en  crecimiento entre dos cultivos con y sin   fertilización de orina. Para este estudio se seleccionó el frijol común   (Phaseolus vulgaris) y la Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) El rendimiento de   frijol fue dos veces mayor después de la fertilización de la orina y el Chaya   reaccionó positivamente a la fertilización de la orina. Para fines de   separación de orina, se construyeron dos separadores diferentes en el sitio   para mostrar los beneficios con la separación de la orina de las heces,   creando un menor volumen de letrina y un mejor saneamiento. Los riesgos asociados con la orina humana son bajos   si la orina se separa con seguridad para evitar la contaminación cruzada de   las heces. Si se adopta un sistema de barrera de seguridad, los riesgos   generales con el uso de orina como fertilizante son insignificantes. El   potencial de propagación de la separación de orina y la fertilización en   Nicaragua rural es alto, pero se necesitan más experimentos y demostraciones   para llegar a los usuarios de la tecnología.

2017-06-02

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Höglund, Caroline. "Evaluation of microbial health risks associated with the reuse of source-separated humna urine." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Biotechnology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3090.

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Human excreta contain plant nutrients and have the potentialto be used as a fertiliser in agriculture. Urine contributesthe major proportion of the nutrients (N, P and K) in domesticwastewater whereas faeces contribute a smaller amount andinvolves greater health risks if reused due to the possiblepresence of enteric pathogens. Human urine does not generallycontain pathogens that can be transmitted through theenvironment.

Source-separation of urine and faeces is possible by usingurine-separating (or urine-diverting) toilets, available assimple dry toilets or porcelain flush toilets with dividedbowls. The risk for transmission of disease when handling andreusing the urine is largely dependent on thecross-contamination by faeces. In this research, the presenceof human faeces in urine samples was successfully determined byanalysing for faecal sterols. Cross-contamination was evidentin 22% of the samples from urine collection tanks, and in thesequantified to an average (± SD) of 9.1 ± 5.6 mgfaeces per litre urine. Testing for indicator bacteria wasshown to be an unsuitable method for determining faecalcontamination in human urine sinceE. colihad a rapid inactivation in the urine and faecalstreptococci were found to grow within the system.

The fate of any enteric pathogens present in urine iscrucial for the risk for transmission of infectious diseases.Gram-negative bacteria (e.g.SalmonellaandE. coli) were rapidly inactivated (time for 90%reduction, T90<5 days) in source-separated urine at itsnatural pH-value of 9. Gram-positive faecal streptococci weremore persistent with a T90of approximately 30 days. Clostridia sporenumbers were not reduced at all during 80 days. Similarly,rhesusrotavirus andSalmonella typhimuriumphage 28B were not inactivated inurine at low temperature (5°C), whereas at 20°C theirT90-values were 35 and 71 days, respectively.Cryptosporidiumoocysts were less persistent with a T90of 29 days at 4°C. Factors that affect thepersistence of microorganisms in source-separated human urineinclude temperature, pH, dilution and presence of ammonia.

By using Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA), therisks for bacterial and protozoan infections related tohandling and reuse of urine were calculated to be<10-3for all exposure routes independent of the urinestorage time and temperature evaluated. The risk for viralinfection was higher, calculated at 0.56 for accidentalingestion of 1 ml of unstored urine. If the urine was stored at20°C for 6 months the risk for viral infection was reducedto 5.4 × 10-4.

By following recommendations for storage and reuse, whichare dependent on the type of crop to be fertilised, it ispossible to significantly decrease the risk for infections. Sofar, the level of risk that is acceptable is unknown. Theacceptable risk will be one of the main factors determining thefuture utilisation of source-separated human urine inagriculture.

Keywords:urine-separation, urine, wastewater systems,wastewater reuse, recycling, enteric pathogens, faecal sterols,indicator bacteria, hygiene risks, microbial persistence,microbial risk assessment, QMRA, fertiliser, crop.

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Nordin, Annika. "Ammonia based sanitation technology : safe plant nutrient recovery from source separated human excreta /." Uppsala : Department of Biometry and Engineering, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/10626290.pdf.

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Borgestedt, Helena, and Ingela Svanäng. "Towards Sustainable Phosphorus Management : Material Flow Analysis of phosphorus in Gothenburg and ways to establish nutrient recycling by improving urban wastewater systems." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-159721.

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All life forms require the nutrient phosphorus and it cannot be substituted by any other element. The global cycle of phosphorus is special among the major biogeochemical cycles, since it has no significant gaseous compounds and only closes every 10-100 million years. However, human activities, as application of mineral fertilizers, conversion of natural ecosystems to arable land and releases of untreated waste, intensify remarkably thephosphorus flows. The problems with linear flows of a limited resource leading to eutrophication of aquaticenvironments, for instance, have generated national environmental quality objectives for phosphorus in Sweden. The main objective of this master thesis is to get a holistic overview of how phosphorus is moving through Gothenburg today, using Material Flow Analysis as method. The spatial system boundary is the municipality of Gothenburg and the temporal system boundary is the year of 2009. One way of dealing with the linear flows ofphosphorus might be to develop the wastewater systems used in Gothenburg today. Possible changes in phosphorus flows, if kitchen grinders or urine-diverting toilets were installed in Gothenburg, are evaluated. In order to make the phosphorus management more sustainable, the linear flows have to be closed to a larger extent than today. One way towards this ambition is to emphasize other fertilizers than the mineral ones, like urine and low-contaminated sludge. The MFA shows that the absolutely largest input of phosphorus to Gothenburg is via the food. The two large outputs of the same magnitude are the digested sludge from the wastewater treatment plant of Rya and the ashes from the waste-fuelled district heating power plant of Sävenäs. About 7% of the phosphorus input to Gothenburg continues into the aquatic environment. According to this study, urine diversion and separate collection of food seem prospective in order to decrease the phosphorus flows in digested sludge from the wastewater treatment plant, ashes and aquatic deposition. An additional advantage would be generation of recycled fertilizing products with good quality.
Näringsämnet fosfor är nödvändigt för alla levande organismer och kan inte ersättas av något annat grundämne. Den globala fosforcykeln är speciell då den inte innehåller några gasformiga föreningar och sluts var 10-100 miljonte år. Användning av konstgödsel, omvandling av tidigare orörda ekosystem till odlingsmark och utsläppav förorenat avfall är exempel på mänskliga aktiviteter som intensifierar fosforflöden. Problemet med att linjäraflöden av denna begränsade resurs leder till övergödning av vattenmiljöer har genererat nationella miljömål i Sverige för fosfor. Det huvudsakliga målet med detta examensarbete är att få en översikt av hur fosfor rör sig genom Göteborg idag med hjälp av substansflödesanalys. Den rumsliga systemgränsen är kommungränsen för Göteborg och den tidsmässiga avgränsningen är året 2009. Ett sätt att förbättra de linjära fosforflödena kan vara att utveckla deavloppssystem som idag används i Göteborg. Förändringarna som uppstår i fosforflödena vid installation av urinsorterande toaletter alternativt köksavfallskvarnar undersöks. Linjära flöden måste bli återcirkulerade i en högre utsträckning än idag ifall fosforhushållningen ska gå mot hållbarhet. Ett sätt att nå denna ambition är att lyfta fram andra gödselprodukter än konstgödsel, exempelvis urin och renare slam. Flödesanalysen visar att det definitivt största inflödet av fosfor till Göteborg är via livsmedel. De två största fosforutflödena, båda i samma storleksordning, är rötat slam från Ryaverket och aska från sopförbränningsanläggningen Sävenäs. Cirka 7% av den fosfor som flödar in i Göteborg fortsätter vidare ut i vattenmiljön. Enligt denna studie verkar urinsortering och separat insamling av matavfall vara goda lösningar för en framtid med mindre fosfor i slammet från Rya och i aska samt till vattenmiljön. En ytterligare fördel skulle vara erhållandet av hållbara gödselprodukter med god kvalitet.

This master thesis has also been published as a technical report at Chalmers with Report No. 2011:124.

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Steinig, Wenzel. "Shit and piss : An environmental history of the meaning and management of human excrement in densely populated areas and urban regions, with a focus on agriculture and public health issues." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302730.

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This thesis analyses individual and societal relations to human excrement by looking at historical and contemporary examples of symbolics and management systems of human shit and piss. It furthermore connects urban culture to a particular type of perception of the meaning of human waste. End-of-pipe, large scale sewerage solutions for densely populated areas and cities are analysed for their historical origins and contemporary ramifications, and contrasted with examples of classical, mediaeval, early modern and contemporary times in different regions of Europe and India. The cases were presented in a non-chronological order to avoid simple narratives of progress. The focus is on questions of agricultural recycling of excrement and the relevance of human waste for public health issues. Analytical tools during the cross-temporal and cross-cultural case comparison are the categorisations of human excrement as e.g. waste, threat or resource, the technique of dualism-deterritorialisation and occasionally the Entanglement approach. Main results are that the large-scale introduction of sewerage systems in European cities around the world coincides with urbanisation and industrialisation, that pre-industrial dense settlement faced essentially the same excrement management challenges as modern cities do and that the stability of certain management systems has been severely influenced by factors such as power structures, paradigms of purity and piety as well as economic developments. The future relevance of this topic is seen in the predicted rise of urban regions worldwide, but especially in the developing world, a development which is expected to complicate human excrement management issues considerably.
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Tidåker, Pernilla. "Integrating farming and wastewater management : a system perspective /." Uppsala : Dept. of Biometry and Engineering, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200785.pdf.

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Hou, Yi-Chen, and 侯怡辰. "Human Urine Water Recycling Cyanobacteria Bio-Reactor." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w457q8.

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碩士
國立臺東大學
生命科學系碩士班
100
Pilot series small size cyanobacteria bio-reactors were tested to treat human urine successfully. This system immobilized cyanobacteria on pieces of gauze mesh. Meshes inserted in transparent plastic tanks. Tanks filled with water. Between each tank, there were two connecting plastic tubes; one tube used to deliver water into the bottom of the adjacent tank from the previous tank, another tube used to deliver water out from the adjacent tank top to the next tank. The system was set on a gentle slope land; hence the water might deliver by gravity. After six times immobilized cyanobacteria meshes bio-adsorption, the urine became re-useable water with a lower quality than drinking water. This easy operation, cost effective urine water recycling system may be used in spaceship long time travel biological life support system or under developed rural areas. The produced edible cyanobacteria may be used as animal feed.
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10

Wieslaw, Jan Zielinski. "Evaluation of Wastewaters to Provide Optimum Water and Nutrient Products for Growing Turf and Native Plants." Thesis, 2015. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/29727/.

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The recent drought in South Eastern Australia and associated water restrictions led to a significant increase in the use of greywater for the watering of lawn and garden areas. There was also an emerging trend for sustainable drought resistant landscaping for which some Australian native plants were suitable. There however was an uncertainty about whether greywater was a useful source of water for plants or whether it could be harmful. This study investigated how two varieties of turf Kikuyu (Pennisetum Clandestinum) and Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea), and two varieties of Australian native flowers Scaly Buttons (Leptorhynchos squamatus) and Small Vanilla Lilies (Arthropodium minus) grew when watered with several different types of greywaters sourced from a bathroom shower and a laundry.
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Books on the topic "Urine recycling"

1

Chiras, Dan. Scoop on Poop: Safely Capturing and Recycling the Nutrients in Greywater, Humanure, and Urine. New Society Publishers, Limited, 2016.

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Chiras, Dan. Scoop on Poop: Safely Capturing and Recycling the Nutrients in Greywater, Humanure, and Urine. New Society Publishers, Limited, 2016.

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Chiras, Dan. The Scoop on Poop: Safely Capturing and Recycling the Nutrients in Greywater, Humanure, and Urine. New Society Publishers, 2016.

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1923-, Bockris J. O'M, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Modern biofuel cells for waste recycling in life support systems: Annual report, September 1989. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Urine recycling"

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Krause, Ariane. "Valuing Waste – A Multi-method Analysis of the Use of Household Refuse from Cooking and Sanitation for Soil Fertility Management in Tanzanian Smallholdings." In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking, 91–122. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_5.

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AbstractThe starting point of this work is the intention of two farmers’ initiatives to disseminate locally developed and adapted cooking and sanitation technologies to smallholder households in Karagwe District, in northwest Tanzania. These technologies include improved cooking stoves (ICSs), such as microgasifiers, and a system combining biogas digesters and burners for cooking, as well as urine-diverting dry toilets, and thermal sterilisation/pasteurisation for ecological sanitation (EcoSan). Switching to the new alternatives could lead to a higher availability of domestic residues for soil fertility management. These residues include biogas slurry from anaerobic digestion, powdery biochar from microgasifiers and sanitised human excreta from EcoSan facilities. Such recycling-driven approaches address an existing problem for many smallholders in sub-Saharan Africa, namely, the lack of soil amenders to sufficiently replenish soil nutrients and soil organic matter (SOM) in soils used for agricultural activity. This example from Tanzania systematically examines the nexus of ‘energy-sanitation-agriculture’ in smallholder farming systems. The short-term experiments demonstrated that all soil amenders that were analysed could significantly enhance crop productivity. CaSa-compost – the product of co-composting biochar with sanitised human excreta – quadrupled grain yields. The observed stimulation of crop yield and also plant nutrition is attributed to improved nutrient availability caused by a direct increase of soil pH and of plant-available phosphorus (P) in the soil. The assessment of the lasting soil implications revealed that CaSa-compost and biogas slurry both show the long-term potential to roughly double yields of maize. Corresponding nutrient requirements can be adequately compensated through residue capturing and subsistence production of soil amenders. The potential of CaSa-compost for sustainable soil fertility management is superior to that of standard compost, especially with respect to liming, replenishing soil P and restoring SOM. Biogas slurry, however, yields inferior results in all aspects when compared to compost amendments.
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Conference papers on the topic "Urine recycling"

1

Reh, C., and D. Kang. "402. Mercury Exposures and Urine Mercury Concentrations Among Workers in a Household Battery Recycling Facility." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765083.

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Lee, Woo Hyoung, Jae-Hoon Hwang, Saisaban Fahad, Hodon Ryu, Kelsey L. Rodriguez, Jorge Santo Domingo, and Akihiro Kushima. "Recycling Urine for Hydrogen Production in a Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) System Using a Novel Mos2 Nano Carbon Coated Electrode s." In The 7th World Congress on New Technologies. Avestia Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icepr21.002.

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