Journal articles: 'Urinary organs'

1

Park, Ki Dong, Il Keon Kwon, and Young Ha Kim. "Tissue engineering of urinary organs." Yonsei Medical Journal 41, no. 6 (2000): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2000.41.6.780.

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KARAKUT, Şerivan, and Feray BUCAK. "ANOMALIES OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS." GOBEKLİTEPE Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi 5, no. 10 (December 30, 2022): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55433/gsbd-133.

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Anomalies of the genital tract, which is one of the most important problems of the reproductive system in women, is a condition that affects the whole life. It is examined in two ways as developmental anomalies of female reproductive organs and acquired disorders. Developmental disorders of female reproductive organs cause menstrual disorders, infertility and hereditary disorders that can continue throughout life, starting from adolescence and adolescence. Acquired disorders include pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Pelvic organ prolapse is defined as the downward displacement of the structures in the pelvis due to anatomical and functional disorders of the structures supporting the pelvic organs; Urinary incontinence is a common problem that is often underreported in women due to its embarrassing nature and added social stigma. In such situations that affect their quality of life, women need physical and psychological support. In order to evaluate the patients and to achieve success in the treatment, the doctor and the nurse should support the patient. In this review, developmental anomalies of genital organs, acquired disorders of reproductive organs and classification of reproductive health problems, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis and treatments are discussed among gynecological problems in women.

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Pishak, V. P., M. А. Ryznychuk, and T. V. Khmara. "Urinary organs: development and congenital defects." KIDNEYS 8, no. 2 (May 27, 2019): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2307-1257.8.2.2019.166665.

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Solodova, E. K., and A. F. Maximenko. "HISTOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM ORGANS." Health and Ecology Issues, no. 1 (March 28, 2013): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2013-10-1-6.

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The authors are presenting the lecture on the topic «Histophysiology of the urinary system organs» in English. The lecture was composed on the basis of foreign textbooks published in English for students of medical colleges and universities.

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Schreyer, H., M. Uggowitzer, and A. Ruppert-Kohlmayr. "Helical CT of the urinary organs." European Radiology 12, no. 3 (March 2002): 575–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300101023.

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Kodzo-Grey Venyo, Anthony. "Coronavirus Infection of the Urinary Bladder and Lower Urinary Tract: A Review and Update." Clinical Research and Clinical Trials 4, no. 2 (August 24, 2021): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-4779/056.

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COVID-19 infection does affect males and females. Even though the commonest manifestations of COVID-19 infection tend to be related to symptoms associated with the respiratory tract, many other organs of the body also tend to be affected and COVID-19 infection of these other organs could manifest contemporaneously with symptoms of the respiratory tract system in addition to symptoms of the affected organs. At times COVID-19 may initially manifest solely related to non-respiratory tract organs and because the symptoms are non-specific without a high index of suspicion, the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection may be missed initially or there may be delay in the diagnosis which would tend to lead to spreading of the disease. Some of the manifestations of COVID-19 infection of the urinary bladder may include: Lower urinary tract symptoms of urinary frequency, and or urinary urgency, and or nocturia, and or urinary incontinence, or on rare occasions non-visible or visible haematuria, or acute retention of urine. The aforementioned symptoms may occur as De novo (new-onset) symptoms alone or they may be associated with or without fever, with or without respiratory tract symptoms. Some individuals who already have lower urinary tract symptoms could experience worsening of their previous lower urinary tract symptoms and if the clinician does not have a high index of suspicion for the possible development of COVID-19 infection, and the clinician does blame the symptoms on benign prostatic hyperplasia then the diagnosis could be missed or delayed. If the COVID-19 cystitis is associated with COVID-19 infection of the male genital tract then some of the patients could experience scrotal discomfort, swelling of the scrotum, erythema of the scrotum, or low-flow priapism or clinical and radiology imaging features of acute orchitis, or acute epididymitis, or acute epididymo-orchitis. However, if the lower urinary tract symptoms are associated with respiratory tract symptoms all clinicians globally are aware of the fact that a high index of suspicion for COVID-19 infection should be exercised. What is important is that every clinician and every individual should be made aware of the fact that the development of De novo lower urinary tract symptoms or sudden onset of worsening lower urinary tract symptoms should be regarded as possibly due to COVID-19 infection and appropriate tests should be undertaken to confirm or negate the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection quickly. Diagnosis of COVID-19 infection of the urinary bladder can be confirmed the undertaking of various COVID-19 infection tests but COVID-19 PCR test has tended to be a common test that most people use globally.

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Mushonga, Borden, Sylvine Twiyizeyimna, Gervais Habarugira, Erick Kandiwa, Simbarashe Chinyoka, Alaster Samkange, and Alec Bishi. "Study of Incidence of Gross Urogenital Lesions and Abnormalities on Does Slaughtered at Nyagatare Slaughterhouse, Eastern Province, Rwanda." Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2017 (December 3, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7564019.

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Reproductive and urinary tract abnormalities are a cause of infertility, reproductive inefficiency, and economic losses in goats. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and nature of reproductive and urinary tract abnormalities encountered in female goats slaughtered at Nyagatare abattoir in the Eastern Province of Rwanda. Reproductive and urinary organs from 369 female goat carcasses were opened by incision and then given a thorough macroscopic examination by visually inspecting and palpating for evidence of abnormalities. The results showed that there was an overall occurrence of 7.8% reproductive organ/tract abnormalities and 10.6% urinary organ/tract abnormalities. Ovarian hypoplasia was the reproductive abnormality with the highest overall occurrence (32.3%) and renal calculi were the urinary organ abnormality with the highest occurrence (38.1%). 95.2% of the reproductive organ/tract abnormalities observed usually result in infertility and 91.3% of the urinary organ/tract abnormalities observed result in economic losses through condemnation of kidneys at slaughter. The high incidence of the observed urinary organ/tract abnormalities represents a potential public health challenge. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of reproductive organ/tract abnormalities according to breed (p>0.05, n=31). There was also no significant difference in the occurrence of urinary organ abnormalities according to breed (p>0.05, n=42).

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Aydın, Solmaz. "To what extent do Turkish high school students know about their body organs and organ systems?" International Journal of Human Sciences 13, no. 1 (February 24, 2016): 1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3498.

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This study aimed to determine high school students' familiarity with body organs and knowledge about the systems to which organs belong. It also identifies their misconceptions and deficiencies and discusses their causes. The sample of the study consisted of 244 secondary students. The study used the descriptive survey method. The findings show that the heart, lungs, kidneys and stomach are the best known organs by the students, and that they most often identified organs in the circulatory, respiratory, urinary and digestive systems rather than other systems. In addition, there are no considerable differences between the ninth, tenth, eleventh grade classes and the twelfth grade students’ knowledge and misconceptions about organs and organ systems. The most basic misconceptions identified in this study is that a majority of the students who identified the small intestine, liver, pancreas, anus and intestine thought that these organs were parts of the excretory system. In Turkey's educational system, students are taught the urinary system as the excretory system. This leads students to think that these organs are not elements of the digestive system, but those of the excretory system, which is used to defecate the excretions. For this reason, this study will also discuss this situation.

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Chemidronov, S. N., A. V. Kolsanov, and G. N. Suvorova. "A new concept of pelvic floor support function: Striated–smooth muscle complex." Pacific Medical Journal, no. 3 (September 21, 2023): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2023-3-32-38.

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Pelvic floor and perineum muscles play an important role in the formation of an apparatus supporting pelvic organs. The functional insufficiency of myofascial structures frequently leads to the development of urinary and fecal incontinence, erectile dysfunction, prolapse of internal organs, and perineal hernias formation. Back in the 20th century, morphologists focused on the skeletal muscles in pelvic floor and perineum, highlighting their leading role in supporting organs and creating intraabdominal pressure. However, in the past two decades, particular attention has been paid to the smooth muscle structures and their relationship with the musculoskeletal system in the pelvic outlet area. The new concept of the striated–smooth muscle complex provides the basis for revising various aspects of pelvic organ prolapse and urinary and fecal incontinence pathophysiology. We believe that this may lead to improved early diagnosis and prevention of diseases of the pelvic floor and perineum.

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Stepchenkov, Roman Petrovich. "Indications and Contraindications for Cystography, Diagnostic Value of the Method." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 10 (September 27, 2020): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2010-08.

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Diseases of the urinary system are quite common, both among adults and among children. If, in case of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urinary organs, an assessment of the clinical picture and general analysis of the urine is sufficient to make a diagnosis, in a number of other situations — trauma and rupture of the bladder, abnormalities of its development, malignant neoplasms — visualization of the organ is needed. One of these diagnostic methods is cystography.

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11

Afanasyev, Sergey, Igor Khadagaev, Sergey Fursov, Evgeniy Usynin, Aleksey Gorbunov, Umidzhon Urmonov, Anna Usova, Aleksandra Avgustinovich, and Anna Tarasova. "EXPERIENCE OF MULTIVISCERAL RESECTIONS IN LOCALLY ADVANCED AND PRIMARY-MULTIPLE RECTAL CANCER." Avicenna Bulletin 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25005/2074-0581-2020-22-1-82-90.

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Objective: Assessing short-term and long-term results of multivisceral resections (MVR) performed for rectal cancer (RC) with invasion into adjacent pelvic organs, as well as the effectiveness of bladder reconstruction with the formation of a urinary reservoir of «low» pressure. Methods: The work was based on the results of surgical treatment of 37 patients with locally advanced or primary multiple RC underwent MVR. Invasion of adjacent small organs was observed in 89.2%, primary multiple malignant tumors (PMMT) – in 10.8% of patients included in the study. Results: According to the preoperative examination of tumor infiltration of one adjacent organ was diagnosed in 20 (54.1%), two or more organs – in 17 (45.9%) observations; more often affected the bladder – in 18 (48.6%) cases. Volumes of performed operations: in 6 (16.2%) cases of complete pelvic organs evisceration, in 10 (27%) cases of MVR with rectal extirpation, in 21 (56.8%) cases of MVR with resection of the rectum and adjacent organs. More often in 27 (72.9%) patients, there was urinary tract resection, of which 11 (29.7%) patients underwent primary bladder repair with the formation of ortho- (n=3) or heterotopic (n=6) urinary reservoir of «low» pressure. Postoperative complications developed in 14 (37.8%) patients, what required re-surgery in 8 (21.6%) observed, of which urological complications occurred in 4 (10.8%) patients. Complications were not observed during the formation of the artificial bladder according to the presented method. Long-term results: RC – overall and disease-free 2-year survival – 78.1% and 65.6% respectively, PMMT – all patients are alive without signs of relapse, the timeline of observation is 24 months. Conclusions: The immediate results of MVR on locally advanced RC can be considered as satisfactory. The level of postoperative complications is primarily due to the prevalence of primary tumors. In case of urinary tract resection, primary plastic surgery is preferred. Long-term results allows to examine such operations as a method of choice in the treatment of RC with invasion in adjacent organs. Keywords: Rectal cancer, surgical treatment, multivisceral resection, bladder reconstruction, postoperative complications, disease-free survival.

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Leanza, F., G. Bianca, G. Cinquerrui, and S. Caschetto. "Lesions of the urinary organs during abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy." Urogynaecologia 15, no. 2 (July 1, 2010): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/uij.2000.19.

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the lesions of the urinary organs of a iatrogenic origin correlated to hysterectomy surgery almost exclusively concern the ureter and the bladder. Lesions of the urinary organs caused during abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy for benign pathology were studied at the 1st Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Catania between 1st January 1989 and 31st December 2000. During this period 3,138 hysterectomies were performed, of which 2,765 (88.11%) abdominally and 373 (11.89%) vaginally. Altogether there were 11 (0.35%) iatrogenic lesions of the urinary excretory organs and these included 5 (0.15%) ureteral lesions and 6 (0.19%) bladder lesions. There were no lesions of the urethra. In 2,765 abdominal hysterectomies 4 (0.14%) ureteral lesions and 4 (0.14%) bladder lesions occurred, and in 373 vaginal hysterectomies one (0.27%) ureteral lesion and 2 (0.54%) bladder lesions occurred. In all cases, after adequate treatment the urinary organs healed completely.

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Ballantyne, Frances M. "Male Genito-urinary Organs of Ceratodus forsteri." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 98, no. 3 (May 7, 2010): 697–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1928.tb07164.x.

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Rhaleb, Nour-Eddine, Noureddine Rouissi, Guy Drapeau, Daniela Jukic, and Domenico Regoli. "Characterization of bradykinin receptors in peripheral organs." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 7 (July 1, 1991): 938–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-142.

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Bradykinin (BK) and related kinins are potent stimulants of the rabbit jugular vein, the hamster urinary bladder, and the guinea pig trachea. The characterization of kinin receptors in these tissues was made with agonists and antagonists. Results obtained with agonists indicate that bradykinin and kallidin are much more active than des-Arg9-BK and suggest the presence of B2 receptors in the three organs. Some new agonists were also tested and the BK analogue, [Hyp3,Tyr(Me)8]BK, was found to be a potent and selective stimulant of the three preparations, with pD2 values of 8.56, 8.00, and 8.39, respectively, but inactive on the rabbit aorta (a B1-receptor system). Contractile effects of kinins in the rabbit jugular vein and hamster urinary bladder were reduced or eliminated by B2-receptor antagonists but at different concentration levels; e.g., acetyl-D-Arg[Hyp3,D-Phe7]BK showed pA2 values of 7.78 on the rabbit jugular vein but only 5.72 on hamster urinary bladder. This compound contracted the guinea-pig trachea and was found to be inactive as an antagonist on this preparation. Contractions of the hamster urinary bladder and the guinea-pig trachea in response to bradykinin were markedly reduced or eliminated by indomethacin and by BW 755C, while those of the rabbit jugular vein were not modified. The present findings indicate that the myotropic effect of kinins on the rabbit jugular vein depends on the activation of B2 receptors and suggest that B2 receptors are largely responsible also for the response of the hamster urinary bladder. B2 receptors and (or) a nonreceptor mechanism appear to be involved in the stimulant effects of the kinin agonists and some antagonists in the guinea-pig trachea.Key words: bradykinin, B2 receptors, agonists, antagonists, smooth muscles, arachidonic acid cascade, indomethacin, BW 755C.

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Qi, Jing, Yang Zhou, Jiao Hua, Liying Zhang, Jialin Bian, Beibei Liu, Zicen Zhao, and Shuilin Jin. "The scRNA-seq Expression Profiling of the Receptor ACE2 and the Cellular Protease TMPRSS2 Reveals Human Organs Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010284.

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COVID-19 patients always develop multiple organ dysfunction syndromes other than lungs, suggesting the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 also invades other organs. Therefore, studying the viral susceptibility of other organs is important for a deeper understanding of viral pathogenesis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) is the receptor protein of SARS-CoV-2, and TMPRSS2 promotes virus proliferation and transmission. We investigated the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression levels of cell types from 31 organs to evaluate the risk of viral infection using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. For the first time, we found that the gall bladder and fallopian tube are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Besides, the nose, heart, small intestine, large intestine, esophagus, brain, testis, and kidney are also identified to be high-risk organs with high expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Moreover, the susceptible organs are grouped into three risk levels based on the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression. As a result, the respiratory system, digestive system, and urinary system are at the top-risk level for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study provides evidence for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human nervous system, digestive system, reproductive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, and urinary system using scRNA-seq data, which helps in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients.

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Gandhi, Kushal, John Garza, Asley Sanchez, Asher George, Sanjana Rao, and Gary Ventolini. "Complete vaginal eversion, uterine prolapse, and stress urinary incontinence: A rare case report." Journal of Case Reports and Images in Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 2 (October 19, 2022): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5348/100130z08kg2022cr.

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Introduction: Pelvic organ prolapse is a multifactorial gynecological condition, caused by a disruption of muscles of the pelvic organs. Case Report: A 63-year-old female presented with a history of stress urinary incontinence, dyschezia, and sexual dysfunction. A complete clinical and urogynecological evaluation was performed and diagnoses of uterine and vaginal prolapse and urinary incontinence were made. The patient underwent a vaginal hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament suspension and a vaginal wall repair. The patient’s symptoms resolved following pelvic floor physical therapy. Conclusion: The patient benefited from a vaginal hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament suspension and a vaginal wall repair with subsequent pelvic floor physical therapy treatments.

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Lulko, A. O. "The main criteria for conducting surgical treatment of prolapse of pelvic organs and associated with it stress urinary incontinence." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 8(124) (October 30, 2017): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2017.124.40.

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The objective: is to determine the main criteria for the conduct of surgical treatment of prolapse of pelvic organs (POP) and associated with it stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Patients and methods. 85 women were examined with with prolapse of pelvic organs (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). They were divided into the following groups: 2nd group – 32 patients with prolapse of pelvic organs 1–2 degrees of severity and incontinence 2a, 2b types, mild and moderate severity; 3rd group (primary) – 53 patients with prolapse of pelvic organs of 3–4 degrees of severity and SUI of type 3, moderate and severe severity. The main group included: 3a group – 28 women with prolapse of pelvic organs 3–4 degrees of severity and with SUI 3 type, moderate and severe severity, without delay with urination; 3b group – 25 women with prolapse of pelvic organs 3–4 degrees of severity and with SUI 3 type, moderate and severe severity, with urinary retention (chronic or acute). The control group (group 1) consisted of 15 women without urologic and gynecological pathology. Methods: clinical-anamnestic, instrumental, radiographic, statistical. Results. It was determined that in patients with SUI there are changes in the posterior urethro-vesic angle (PUVU), bladder vesication, signs of connective tissue dysplasia (CTD), and obesity. Conclusions. The combination of such criteria as an increase in the PUVU greater than 114° and the vesiculation of bladder type 2a and above is the main criterion for conducting an operative intervention. Key words: prolapse of pelvic organs, stress urinary incontinence, diagnostics.

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Winnard, Kenneth P., Natalia Dmitrieva, and Karen J. Berkley. "Cross-organ interactions between reproductive, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts: modulation by estrous stage and involvement of the hypogastric nerve." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 291, no. 6 (December 2006): R1592—R1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00455.2006.

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Central nervous system neurons process information converging from the uterus, colon, and bladder, partly via the hypogastric nerve. This processing is influenced by the estrous cycle, suggesting the existence of an estrous-modifiable central nervous system substrate by which input from one pelvic organ can influence functioning of other pelvic organs. Here, we tested predictions from this hypothesis that acute inflammation of colon, uterine horn, or bladder would produce signs of inflammation in the other uninflamed organs (increase vascular permeability) and that cross-organ effects would vary with estrous and be eliminated by hypogastric neurectomy (HYPX). Under urethane anesthesia, the colon, uterine horn, or bladder of rats in proestrus or metestrus, with or without prior HYPX, was treated with mustard oil or saline. Two hours later, Evans Blue dye extravasation was measured to assess vascular permeability. Extravasation was increased in all inflamed organs, regardless of estrous stage. For rats in proestrus, but not metestrus, either colon or uterine horn inflammation significantly increased extravasation in the uninflamed bladder. Much smaller cross-organ effects were seen in colon and uterine horn. HYPX reduced extravasation in the inflamed colon and inflamed uterine horn, but not the inflamed bladder. HYPX eliminated the colon-to-bladder and uterine horn-to-bladder effects. These results demonstrate that inflaming one pelvic organ can produce estrous-modifiable signs of inflammation in other pelvic organs, particularly bladder, and suggest that the cross-organ effects involve the hypogastric nerve and are at least partly centrally mediated. Such effects could contribute to cooccurrence and cyclicity of distressing pelvic disorders in women.

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Varygin, Vitalij, Šarūnas Bernotas, Pranas Gurskas, Valerijus Karmanovas, Sigitas Strupas, Olga Zimanaitė, and Gilvydas Verkauskas. "Cloacal Exstrophy: A Case Report and Literature Review." Medicina 47, no. 12 (January 3, 2012): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina47120100.

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Cloacal exstrophy is an extremely rare congenital malformation resulting in an exstrophy of the urinary, intestinal, and genital organs and associated with anomalies of other organ systems. We present a complicated case of cloacal exstrophy and the recent progress in the management of this probably most complicated anomaly in pediatric urology and surgery.

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Veeranki, Omkara L., Arup Bhattacharya, James R. Marshall, and Yuesheng Zhang. "Organ-specific exposure and response to sulforaphane, a key chemopreventive ingredient in broccoli: implications for cancer prevention." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 1 (April 2, 2012): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512000657.

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Naturally occurring sulforaphane (SF) has been extensively studied for cancer prevention. However, little is known as to which organs may be most affected by this agent, which impedes its further development. In the present study, SF was administered to rats orally either in a single dose or once daily for 7 d. Tissue distribution of SF was measured by a HPLC-based method. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), two well-known cytoprotective phase 2 enzymes, were measured using biochemical assays to assess tissue response to SF. SF was delivered to different organs in vastly different concentrations. Tissue uptake of SF was the greatest in the stomach, declining rapidly in the descending gastro-intestinal tract. SF was rapidly eliminated through urinary excretion, and urinary concentrations of SF equivalents were 2–4 orders of magnitude higher than those of plasma. Indeed, tissue uptake level of SF in the bladder was second only to that in the stomach. Tissue levels of SF in the colon, prostate and several other organs were very low, compared to those in the bladder and stomach. Moreover, induction levels of GST and NQO1 varied by 3- to 6-fold among the organs of SF-treated rats, though not strictly correlated with tissue exposure to SF. Thus, there is profound organ specificity in tissue exposure and response to dietary SF, suggesting that the potential chemopreventive benefit of dietary SF may differ significantly among organs. These findings may provide a basis for prioritising organs for further chemopreventive study of SF.

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Haendeler, Matthias, Ambreen Khawar, Hojjat Ahmadzadehfar, Stefan Kürpig, Michael Meisenheimer, Markus Essler, Florian C. Gaertner, and Ralph A. Bundschuh. "Biodistribution and Radiation Dosimetric Analysis of [68Ga]Ga-RM2: A Potent GRPR Antagonist in Prostate Carcinoma Patients." Radiation 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/radiation1010004.

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[68Ga]Ga-RM2 is a promising innovative positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for patients with primary or metastatic prostate carcinoma. This study aims to analyze the biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of [68Ga]Ga-RM2 in five prostate cancer patients. The percentages of injected activity in the source organs and blood samples were determined. Bone marrow residence time was calculated using an indirect blood-based method. OLINDA/EXM version 2.0 (Hermes Medical Solutions, Stockholm, Sweden) was used to determine residence times, organ absorbed and effective doses. Physiological uptake was seen in kidneys, urinary bladder, pancreas, stomach, spleen and liver. Blood clearance was fast and followed by rapid clearance of activity from kidneys resulting in high activity concentrations in the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder wall was the most irradiated organ with highest mean organ absorbed dose (0.470 mSv/MBq) followed by pancreas (0.124 mSv/MBq), stomach wall (0.063 mSv/MBq), kidneys (0.049 mSv/MBq) and red marrow (0.010 mSv/MBq). The effective dose was found to be 0.038 mSv/MBq. Organ absorbed doses were found to be comparable to other gallium-68 labelled GRPR antagonists and lower than [68Ga]Ga-PSMA with the exception of the urinary bladder, pancreas and stomach wall. Remarkable interindividual differences were observed for the organ absorbed doses. Therefore, [68Ga]Ga-RM2 is a safe diagnostic agent with a significantly lower kidney dose but higher pancreas and urinary bladder doses as compared to [68Ga]Ga-PSMA.

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CARDENIO, Paul, Jezie ACORDA, and Emilia LASTICA-TERNURA. "Ultrasonographic features of liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidneys, and urinary bladder of rescued long-tailed macaques, Macacafascicularis." TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 44, no. 5 (October 27, 2020): 1063–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/vet-2003-87.

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This study was conducted to determine the ultrasonographic features of the liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidneys, and urinary bladder of 24 apparently healthy male and female long-tailed macaques (LTM) and the correlations of organ measurements with body weight and crown–rump length. The animals were grouped into 12 males and 12 females. Examination was performed in sedated LTM using an ultrasound machine with 6.0 MHz microconvex scanner. Ultrasound appearance, dimensions, and echotexture of the liver, gallbladder, kidneys, spleen, and urinary bladder were evaluated. The results showed that there were no sex-related differences in echo mean values, thickness, and length of the selected abdominal organs. The liver was hypoechoic to isoechoic with the right renal cortex, while spleen was isoechoic to hyperechoic to left renal cortex. Spleen was hypoechoic to isoechoic to the liver. Gallbladder and urinary bladder had hypoechoic to hyperechoic thin wall with anechoic lumen. There was a statistically significant and moderate positive correlation between the volume of the left kidney and body weight. The right kidney volume was greater than the left kidney and the total renal volume had a statistically significant and moderate positive correlation with body weight. This study established the reference values for ultrasonographic features of selected abdominal organs of rescued LTM.

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Chemidronov, S. N., A. V. Kolsanov, and G. N. Suvorova. "Human’s levator ani muscle & rectum syntopic relations in the light of classic and digital morphologic methods’ data." Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH) 13, no. 4 (August 11, 2023): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20340/vmi-rvz.2023.4.morph.1.

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Recently, one of the most pressing issues of modern medicine is pelvic floor dysfunction, which includes pelvic organ prolapse, urinary and fecal incontinence []. The leading role in maintaining the pelvic organs is assigned to levator ani muscle. The study of attachment features of muscle to pelvis, rectum will clarify the pathogenesis of pelvic floor insufficiency and development of incontinence symptoms and pelvic organs prolapse. The use of classical morphological and innovation technologies of «Autoplan» hardware and software complex using MRI data made it possible to identify morphologically denser and sparse zones of the wall of the distal rectum, directly related to the attachment of levator ani muscle fibers to it.

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M, Dr Natraj,, Dr Vignesh, S, Dr Nisha Parveen, and Dr Bushra Khan. "Urinary Bladder Tuberculosis – A Case Report." Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports 11, no. 02 (February 19, 2023): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2023.v11i02.024.

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Introduction: Genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) has varied presentation and affects many organs including urinary bladder. Urinary bladder involvement without the involvement of kidneys is considered rare. Delayed diagnosis causes severe complication including thimble bladder. Here we present case report of 45 year old female patient diagnosed with tuberculous cystitis.

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Zadvornov, A. A., and E. V. Grigoriev. "Extracerebral manifestations of acute cerebral insufficiency in patients in critical condition." Fundamental and Clinical Medicine 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-3-64-73.

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Acute cerebral insufficiency is a life-threatening condition defined by a loss of basic and higher nervous activity, as well as neuronal regulation of vital organs. Along with the signs and symptoms of brain damage, acute cerebral insufficiency is often accompanied by manifestations from other vital organs (i.e., respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urinary and immune systems as well as haemostasis), significantly complicating the disease course. Among the critical consequences following acute cerebral insufficiency are: 1) neurogenic endocrine disorders including hypopituitarism and impaired secretion of antidiuretic hormone which are notable for electrolyte imbalance; 2) healthcare-associated infections such as congestive pneumonia, ventriculitis, and pressure ulcers. In the worst-case scenario, acute cerebral insufficiency results in a multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Here we describe epidemiology, pathophysiology, signs, symptoms, prevention, and treatment of vital organs in patients with acute cerebral insufficiency.

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Solichov, Dilshod N., and Islom G. Umanov. "Disorders of the urinary organs in patients with polytrauma." Urologicheskie vedomosti 6, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/uroved6326-29.

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Borovik, T. E., S. N. Zorkin, A. I. Akopyan, M. I. Bakanov, E. K. Kutafina, and N. N. Semenova. "NUTRITION OPTIMIZATION OF INFANT WITH CONGENITAL URINARY ORGANS DEFECTS." Current pediatrics 11, no. 1 (January 15, 2012): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v11i1.143.

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Arkhipov, Evgenii V., Railya V. Garipova, and Leonid A. Strizhakov. "Occupational malignant neoplasms of the kidney and urinary tract." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 63, no. 12 (December 29, 2023): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2023-63-12-835-840.

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The epidemiological characteristics of many occupational lesions of the urinary tract organs remain poorly understood and unspecified, since they are described only as sporadic individual or group cases. Diseases arising from exposure to industrial carcinogens remain an urgent problem in occupational health. Unfortunately, today there is a low detection rate of occupational malignancies of any localization. Occupational oncological diseases with damage to the kidneys and urinary tract develop as a result of direct contact with a production factor with a carcinogenic effect. The analysis of the conducted studies devoted to the problem of occupational oncological lesions of the kidneys and urinary tract, the frequency of which remains underestimated due to their latent clinical course and the influence of environmental factors, which requires further study of this issue. For timely diagnosis of malignant neoplasms of the urinary system organs after reaching the length of service of five years, it is recommended to conduct an ultrasound examination of the kidneys and urinary tract and cystoscopy once every five years at the center of occupational pathology for persons working in contact with carcinogens.

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Muntean, Carmen, Camelia Chirtes, Balazs Baczoni, and Claudia Banescu. "PAX2 Gene Mutation in Pediatric Renal Disorders—A Narrative Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 16 (August 13, 2023): 12737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612737.

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The PAX2 gene is a transcription factor that is essential for the development of the urinary system among other transcription factors. The role of PAX2 is highlighted from the seventh week of gestation, when it is involved in development processes and the emergence of nephrons and collecting tubes. Being an important factor in renal development, mutations of this gene can produce severe alterations in the development of the urinary tract, namely congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract. The first reported cases described with the PAX2 mutation included both renal anomalies and the involvement of other organs, such as the eyes, producing renal coloboma syndrome. Over the years, numerous cases have been reported, including those with only renal and urinary tract anomalies. The aim of this review is to present a summary of pediatric patients described to have mutations in the PAX2 gene to contribute to a better understanding of the genetic mechanism causing anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract. In this review, we have included only pediatric cases with renal and urinary tract disorders, without the involvement of other organs. From what we know so far from the literature, this is the first review gathering pediatric patients presenting the PAX2 mutation who have been diagnosed exclusively with renal and urinary tract disorders.

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Nzingoula, C. M., B. Odoulou, M. Diakite, C. M. Kyabambu, Y. Bouktib, A. El Hajjami, B. Boutakioute, M. Ouali Idrissi, and N. Cherif Idrissi El Ganouni. "Malakoplakia of the Urinary Tract: A Case Report." SAS Journal of Medicine 10, no. 06 (June 27, 2024): 580–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sasjm.2024.v10i06.022.

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Malakoplakia is a rare granulomatous disease that mainly affects the urinary tract but can also affect other organs. This case report describes a patient with chronic urinary symptoms and a diagnosis of malakoplakia confirmed by imaging and histology. We discuss the radiological features, differential diagnosis and treatment.

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Lara-Prado, Jesús Iván, Fabiola Pazos-Pérez, Carlos Enrique Méndez-Landa, Dulce Paola Grajales-García, José Alfredo Feria-Ramírez, Juan José Salazar-González, Mario Cruz-Romero, and Alejandro Treviño-Becerra. "Acute Kidney Injury and Organ Dysfunction: What Is the Role of Uremic Toxins?" Toxins 13, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13080551.

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Acute kidney injury (AKI), defined as an abrupt increase in serum creatinine, a reduced urinary output, or both, is experiencing considerable evolution in terms of our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and its impact on other organs. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are main contributors to organ dysfunction in AKI, but they are not alone. The precise mechanisms behind multi-organ dysfunction are not yet fully accounted for. The building up of uremic toxins specific to AKI might be a plausible explanation for these disturbances. However, controversies have arisen around their effects in organs other than the kidney, because animal models usually depict AKI as a kidney-specific injury. Meanwhile, humans present AKI frequently in association with multi-organ failure (MOF). Until now, medium-molecular-weight molecules, such as inflammatory cytokines, have been proven to play a role in endothelial and epithelial injury, leading to increased permeability and capillary leakage, mainly in pulmonary and intestinal tissues.

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Kuprienko, N. B., and N. N. Smirnova. "Bacteria and viruses in urine in normal and pathology (urobiome and urovirome)." Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 26, no. 3 (September 10, 2022): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2022-26-3-52-58.

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The term "microbiota" refers to a group of bacteria, as well as viruses, protozoa, fungi, and archaea associated with a specific niche of macroorganism. In recent years, interest in the viral component of the microbiota, virome, has increased. The gut microbiome is best studied. The study of the microbiome and urine virome and urinary organs has just begun. The review presents data on eukaryotic viruses and bacteriophages in the urinary system organs under physiological and pathological conditions. In the future, the study of urobiome and urovirome will allow revising approaches to therapy of nephro-urological pathology.

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Khomenko, Z. V., I. M. Sokulskyi, and S. S. Zaika. "Morphological characteristics of the kidneys of mature dogs (Canis Lupus Familiaris L., 1758)." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 26, no. 113 (February 24, 2024): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet11309.

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Each biological species of animals is unique in its structure, which is due to the uniqueness of ecological habitats and the peculiarities of adaptation of homeostasis mechanisms to the influence of environmental factors. Subtle differences in the structural and functional components of organs found in different species of animals create a clear architecture for understanding the depth of biological processes. Research of species, breed and age macro- and microanatomical structures and their morphometric indicators of organs and systems should be considered as urgent tasks of modern morphology. The new data on the morphological indicators of organs discovered at the macro- and micro-levels make a certain contribution to the age-related, breed-related, comparative, experimental and clinical morphology of mammals. Urinary organs in the body of mammals play one of the leading roles in maintaining the physiological and biochemical status of the organism and homeostasis as a whole, which largely depends directly on the morphological and functional state of these organs. Increasingly, there is a need for comprehensive scientific studies of various departments of the urinary organs. The scientific article uses material that is a fragment of the planned research work of the department of normal and pathological morphology, hygiene and expertise “Development, morphology and histochemistry of animal organs in normal and pathological conditions”, state registration number 0120U100796. The article contains the results of the morphometric characteristics of the kidneys of sexually mature dogs – Canis lupus familiaris L., 1758. During the implementation of this work, complex research methods were applied: anatomical, histological, morphometric and statistical. For histological examination, a fragment of kidneys was selected, they were fixed in 10 % neutral formalin solution, Carnois and Buena fluid. In the future, dehydration was carried out in alcohols of increasing concentration and the procedure for sealing the organ was carried out according to generally accepted methods. Using a sled microtome, histological sections with a thickness of 7–10 μm were obtained. Processing of the results of histological sections was examined under a “Micros” light microscope with a digital camera at a magnification of × 100–400. The morphological study of the structural organs of the urinary system was studied on histological sections by the method of light microscopy in accordance with the requirements of the international principles of the “European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used in Experiments and Other Scientific Purposes” (Strasbourg, 1986), by the decision of the First National Congress on Bioethics (M. Kyiv, 2001), Law of Ukraine No. 692 “On the Protection of Animals from Cruel Treatment” (3447-IV) dated February 21, 2006. According to the histological structure, the kidneys of dogs are represented by renal corpuscles and renal tubules, which are made of epithelial cells. Organometric studies indicate that the absolute mass of kidneys in sexually mature dogs is 119.8 ± 6.48 g, relative – 0.74 ± 0.04 %. Morphometric studies of the kidney parenchyma in dogs have established that the average area of renal corpuscles is 4.89 ± 0.24 thousand μm², the area of the vascular glomerulus is 3.79 ± 0.18 thousand μm², the area of the Shumlyansky-Bowman capsule lumen is 1.12 ± 0.27 thousand μm². The average volume of renal bodies of the cortical substance is 1265.69 ± 239.34 thousand μm³. The number of renal corpuscles per conventional unit of area (5 mm²) is 20.8 ± 0.6 units. The aim of the work was to investigate the peculiarities of the morphogistological structure of the kidneys of sexually mature dogs. The research results will expand information about the morphological structure, and will serve for the development of issues of physiology, pathology and treatment of diseases of the urinary organs.

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Nadifah, Fitri, Wayan Tunas Artama, Budi Setiadi Daryono, and Endah Retnaningrum. "Lactobacillus Composed Urinary Microbiome of Healthy People and Urinary Tract Infection Patients." Sang Pencerah: Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton 8, no. 4 (November 28, 2022): 1126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35326/pencerah.v8i4.2196.

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Lactobacillus has long been known to reconstruct the microbiome of the urogenital organs of healthy people. However, changes in lactobacillus abundance are known occurring in urogenital tract infections (UTI) patients. It is also known that there are Lactobacillus species that have specific genomic characteristics and nutritional requirements that cause them to turn into pathogens. Understanding population characteristics and taxa composition that reconstruct urine microbiome is very important for the diagnosis and treatment of urogenital infections. This review provides an update information of metagenomic sequencing to identify the urinary microbiome profile and the role of lactobacilli in healthy and UTI patients.

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Simanullang, Argorby, Naomi Dwany, Ruth Y. Purba, Melany Djami, and Wahyu Irawati. "Peranan Intervensi Fisioterapi Metode Senam Kegel Untuk Mengatasi Kegagalan Kerja Sel Otot Polos Pada Kelainan Kandung Kemih Inkontinensia Urin." JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA 13, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jbp.1501.

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Urinary incotinensia is a disease that causes sufferers to experience urine without realizing it or is often referred to as bed-wetting. Urinary incotinence causes sufferers to experience difficulty or sleep disturbances, depression, isolation, lack of confidence, irritability, limiting social activities, and spending a lot of money on medication so that they really need a treatment solution. Urinary incontinence results from weakening of the smooth muscle in the bladder organs. One of the treatments that can be done to overcome urinary incontinence is using physiotherapy, namely by doing Kegel exercises. The purpose of this paper is to determine the role of physiotherapy interventions using Kegel exercises to overcome the failure of smooth muscle cells in urinary incontinence bladder disorders. This literature review will discuss four focus studies, namely: 1) the structure and function of the renal organ system, 2) the structure and working mechanism of smooth muscle cells, 3) cellular studies of urinary incontinence, and 4) treatment of urinary incontinence using physiotherapy interventions. Physiotherapy with Kegel exercises has the benefit of strengthening the work of the bladder sphincter and pelvic floor muscles. The mechanism is by increasing smooth muscle cell metabolism. The metabolic rate of the muscles will increase the strength of the smooth muscle and the nervous system to contract, so that the smooth muscle will get stronger. However, Kegel exercises do not completely cure urinary incontinence and only relieve the symptoms it causes.Key words: Physiotherapy; Urinary incontinence; Smooth muscles; Cells; Kegel exercises.

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Baldisserotto, Bernardo, Roni João Rakoski, Ciro Luiz da Silva Fernandes, and Olga Martins Mimura. "Effect of urotensin II on water and ion fluxes in the intestine, Gallbladder and urinary bladder of the freshwater teleost, Hoplias malabaricus." Ciência e Natura 18, no. 18 (December 9, 1996): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x26606.

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The effect of urotensis II (UII) on the flow of water and ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) in the medium intestine, rectum, gallbladder and urinary bladder of the freshwater teleost Hoplias malabaricus was investigated. The flow of water of all the studied organs of H. malabaricus is from mucosa to serosa (absorption). UII increased the flow of water in the medium intestine, gallbladder and urinary bladder. The medium intestine, gallbladder and urinary bladder also absorb Na+. K+ is absorbed in the rectum and secreted in the urinary bladder. UII did not affect the flow of Na+ and K+ in the studied portions. All studied portions secreted Ca2+, and UII reduced the fow of this ion in the medium intestine and urinary bladder. The flow of Ca2+ in the rectum and gallbladder was not altered by UII. There is no significant flow of Mg2+ in the studied portions, and UII stimulated the absorption of this ion in the medium intestine and urinary bladder. This study indicates that UII participates in the controlo f osmoregulatory organs of H. malabaricus. This study also raises the possibility that UII may be involved in the regulation of the composition of the bile fishesm, since it alters water and Ca2+ fluxes in the gallbladder of H. malabaricus.

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Sprong, R. Corinne, Marco F. E. Hulstein, and Roelof van der Meer. "Quantifying Translocation of Listeria monocytogenes in Rats by Using Urinary Nitric Oxide-Derived Metabolites." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 5301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.12.5301-5305.2000.

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ABSTRACT The urinary nitric oxide metabolites NO2 −and NO3 − (summed as NOx) are a noninvasive, quantitative biomarker of translocation of salmonella from the intestinal lumen to systemic organs. Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne gram-positive pathogen that can also cross the intestinal epithelium. In this study, we tested the efficacy of urinary NOx as a marker of listeria translocation. Rats (eight per group) were orally infected with increasing doses of L. monocytogenes; control rats received heat-killed listeria. The kinetics of urinary NOx and population levels of listeria in feces were determined for 7 days. Another group of rats was killed 1 day after infection to verify translocation by culturing viable listeria from systemic organs. Oral administration of increasing doses of L. monocytogenesresulted in a time- and dose-dependent increase in urinary NOx excretion. Translocation was a prerequisite for inducing a NOx response, since heat-killed L. monocytogenes did not elevate NOx excretion in urine. Fecal counts of listeria also showed dose and time dependency. Moreover, the number of viable L. monocytogenes cells in mesenteric lymph nodes also increased in a dose-dependent manner and correlated with urinary NOx. In conclusion, urinary NOx is a quantitative, noninvasive biomarker of listeria translocation.

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Zakharova, I. N., I. M. Osmanov, E. B. Machneva, E. B. Mumladze, O. V. Brazhnikova, A. N. Gavelya, A. N. Kasyanova, and I. N. Lupan. "Urinary cylinders: what pediatrician and nephrologist need to know." Medical Council, no. 11 (July 18, 2019): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2019-11-118-125.

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Clinical urine test with the correct interpretation can help the clinician in the diagnosis of the urinary system diseases, as well as other organs and systems. Most laboratories in medical institutions are currently switching to an automated urinary sediment test, but microscopy appears relevant. Unfortunately, clinicians often interpret only three or four (most often proteinuria, leukocyturia and erythrocyturia) of all the numerous indicators of urine test, unfairly ignoring the others. The urinary cylinders are one of these important elements of the urinary sediment. The article presents the characteristics of the main types of urinary cylinders, their origin, composition, morphology and clinical significance.

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Damaser, M. S., C. Whitbeck, P. Chichester, and R. M. Levin. "Effect of vaginal distension on blood flow and hypoxia of urogenital organs of the female rat." Journal of Applied Physiology 98, no. 5 (May 2005): 1884–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01071.2004.

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Vaginal delivery of children causes traumatic injury to tissues of the pelvic floor and is correlated with stress urinary incontinence; however, the exact mechanism of organ and tissue injury leading to incontinence development is unknown. The purpose of this project was to test the hypothesis that vaginal distension results in decreased blood flow to, and hypoxia of, the urogenital organs responsible for continence, which would suggest an ischemic and/or reperfusion mechanism of injury. Thirteen female rats underwent vaginal distension for 1 h. Thirteen age-matched rats were sham-distended controls. Blood flow to the bladder, urethra, and vagina were determined using a microsphere technique. Hypoxia of these organs was determined by immunohistochemistry. Blood flow to all three organs was significantly decreased just before release of vaginal distension. Bladder blood flow decreased further immediately after release of vaginal distension and continued to be significantly decreased 15 min after the release. Blood flow to both the urethra and vagina tripled immediately after release, inducing a rapid return to normal values. Vaginal distension resulted in extensive smooth muscle hypoxia of the bladder, as well as extensive hypoxia of the vaginal epithelium and urethral hypoxia. Bladders from sham-distended rats demonstrated urothelial hypoxia as well as focal hypoxic areas of the detrusor muscle. We have clearly demonstrated that vaginal distension results in decreased blood flow to, and hypoxia of, the bladder, urethra, and vagina, supportive of hypoxic injury as a possible mechanism of injury leading to stress urinary incontinence.

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Santos, Amilton C., Antônio F. S. Lisboa-Neto, Ingrid K. L. Silva, Helton C. S. Pereira, Júlia M. Silveira, Erick E. Silveira, Bruno G. Vasconcelos, and Antônio C. Assis-Neto. "Development of the urinary system in guinea pig females (Cavia porcellus)." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39, no. 7 (July 2019): 549–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-6160-pvb-6160.

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ABSTRACT: Guinea pigs are animal models widely used in research related to developmental biology. The objective of this work was to demonstrate the process of formation and differentiation of urinary organs in females of the species in the prenatal period. Four females were used at 25, 30, 45 and >65 DG (days of gestation). The animals were dissected, and then macroscopic and microscopic descriptions of the urinary organs were performed. At 25 DG metanephros were present in the urogenital crest into the abdominal cavity. Collecting ducts and glomerular precursor cells could be visualized. After this period, metanephros underwent microstructural modifications to form the kidneys at the end of the prenatal period. After 30 DG, the renal parenchyma already had a cortex, where the glomerulus and proximal convoluted tubules were present; and the medulla, where distal convoluted tubules, collecting ducts, and pelvis were present. The pelvis of each kidney was drained by the ureters. The ureters also underwent tissue differentiation to be differentiated (mucosa with transitional epithelium and lamina propria of connective tissue, muscular, and adventitia) at the end of the prenatal period. The urinary vesicle also underwent tissue changes to form the tunics similar to those found in the ureters, with emphasis on the greater volume of the muscular tunica and the lamina propria that constituted the submucosa in this organ. The pelvic urethra was evidenced by a mucosa lined by transitional epithelium, submucosa, muscular and adventitia. Finally, a partial clitoral urethra and a urethral meatus in the prepuce of the clitoris were also evidenced. The urethral channel began to form with the emergence of the urethral plate and the urethral groove at 30 DG and thereafter with the fusion of the urethral folds to form a partially channeled urethra in the clitoris. A urethral meatus was observed in the most distal portion of the clitoral tissue, formed by the fusion of the prepuce. It is concluded that the urinary organs of guinea pig have similar development to that described in domestic animals, except for the partial clitoral urethra and evident urethral meatus.

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Dalghi, Marianela G., Dennis R. Clayton, Wily G. Ruiz, Mohammad M. Al-bataineh, Lisa M. Satlin, Thomas R. Kleyman, William A. Ricke, Marcelo D. Carattino, and Gerard Apodaca. "Expression and distribution of PIEZO1 in the mouse urinary tract." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 317, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): F303—F321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00214.2019.

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The proper function of the organs that make up the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra) depends on their ability to sense and respond to mechanical forces, including shear stress and wall tension. However, we have limited understanding of the mechanosensors that function in these organs and the tissue sites in which these molecules are expressed. Possible candidates include stretch-activated PIEZO channels (PIEZO1 and PIEZO2), which have been implicated in mechanically regulated body functions including touch sensation, proprioception, lung inflation, and blood pressure regulation. Using reporter mice expressing a COOH-terminal fusion of Piezo1 with the sequence for the tandem-dimer Tomato gene, we found that PIEZO1 is expressed in the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra as well as organs in close proximity, including the prostate, seminal vesicles and ducts, ejaculatory ducts, and the vagina. We further found that PIEZO1 expression is not limited to one cell type; it is observed in the endothelial and parietal cells of the renal corpuscle, the basolateral surfaces of many of the epithelial cells that line the urinary tract, the interstitial cells of the bladder and ureters, and populations of smooth and striated muscle cells. We propose that in the urinary tract, PIEZO1 likely functions as a mechanosensor that triggers responses to wall tension.

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Bulyk, R. Ye, O. M. V. Popeliuk, V. V. Melnyk, and D. V. Proniaiev. "Modern view on the germ and embryogenesis of the urinary organs." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 26, no. 2 (June 14, 2022): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2022-26(2)-27.

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Annotation. The literature is devoted to the analysis of scientific literature for the last 10 years from the electronic databases "PubMed" and "National Library of Ukraine named after V. I. Vernadsky", which are devoted to the study of the formation and development of organs and structures of the urinary system. The consequences of perinatal morphogenesis play the most essential role in the causes and contribution to many congenital malformations (CM), stillbirths, and infant morbidity. According to the Medical and Genetic Service of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, up to 3,000 cases of CM of various organs and systems are recorded annually among newborns in Ukraine. CM of the genitourinary system ranks 3rd in frequency, among which CM of the female genitalia is up to 6 %. These figures are somewhat subjective, as a certain percentage of pathology of the female reproductive system is detected only when a girl reaches childbearing age, which greatly complicates the choice of methods and effectiveness of treatment. The rapid development of the genitourinary system of the fetus requires morphologists to comprehensively study the patterns of morphogenesis and the development of topographic and anatomical relationships of the reproductive system and urinary tract in the early period of human ontogenesis. The problem of combining information about the structural organization of the urinary tract and genital system into a consolidated morphofunctional unit is one of the cardinal problems of perinatal urology. The final formation of the urogenital organs is as follows. The initial kidneys' replacement with the permanent ones, metanephros, begins to form, from the same nephrogenic cord that gave rise to the primary kidney. The proper permanent renal parenchyma develops from the nephrogenic cord (renal tubuli). From the 3rd month, the permanent kidneys replace the mesonephros as the excretory organs already function. Thus, the embryonic development of the genitals is closely related to the development of the urinary tract and kidneys. Therefore, the CM of these two systems often occurs together. Active introduction of perinatal prophylaxis of urogenital organs requires modern approaches and methods of examination of intrauterine life. Therefore, the complex of embryotopographic studies attains special significance, having combined the consideration of organically critical periods of development with the understanding of the peculiarities of the spatial relationships of organs and structures of the genitourinary system.

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Miyamoto, Tsutomu, Keiko Ishii, Ryouichi Asaka, Akihisa Suzuki, Akiko Takatsu, Hiroyasu Kashima, and Tanri Shiozawa. "Immunohistochemical expression of keratan sulfate: a possible diagnostic marker for carcinomas of the female genital tract." Journal of Clinical Pathology 64, no. 12 (August 11, 2011): 1058–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2011-200231.

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AimsThe authors previously reported the expression of keratan sulfate (KS), a glycosaminoglycan, in the epithelium of normal and neoplastic endometria. The aim of this study was to evaluate its potential use as a diagnostic marker, and the expression of KS was investigated in other human epithelial tissues.MethodsExpression was examined immunohistochemically using 102 samples of normal epithelia and 110 samples of carcinomas from the female genital tract (FGT; cervix, endometrium, ovary, fallopian tube), digestive organs (gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver), urinary tract, lung, mammary gland, thyroid and mesothelium.ResultsIn normal tissues, KS was consistently detected in the FGT and ectopic endometrium (25/26), but was not found in the digestive organs (1/42) and urinary tract (0/6), and was only partly detected in the lung (7/10), mammary gland (3/9) and thyroid (4/4). In malignant tissues, KS was consistently observed in carcinomas of the endometrium, ovary and fallopian tube (29/32), and was partly detected in carcinomas of the lung, mammary gland, thyroid, pancreas and mesothelium, but was absent in carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract (0/17), liver (0/5) and urinary tract (0/11). Among carcinomas of the FGT, digestive organs and urinary tract, KS positivity suggested the possibility of FGT carcinomas, with 79.5% (31/39) sensitivity and 92.9% (39/42) specificity.ConclusionsKS is a potentially useful marker for the supportive diagnosis of the primary site of metastatic carcinomas or unknown primary carcinomas, especially in the abdominal cavity.

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Morichetti, Doriana, Roberta Mazzucchelli, Antonio Lopez-Beltran, Liang Cheng, Marina Scarpelli, Ziya Kirkali, Francesco Montorsi, and Rodolfo Montironi. "Secondary neoplasms of the urinary system and male genital organs." BJU International 104, no. 6 (September 2009): 770–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08746.x.

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Mikuz, G. "Ectopias of the kidney, urinary tract organs, and male genitalia." Der Pathologe 40, S1 (November 16, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00292-018-0505-z.

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Du, Wenling, Zhihu Liu, and Daya Wang. "Clinical Efficacy of LSC and TVT-O for Stress Urinary Incontinence Complicated with Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Factors Influencing Postoperative Urinary Function Recovery." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022 (March 7, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1557256.

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Pelvic organ prolapse is caused by various causes, which leads to the weakness of the tissue supporting the pelvic floor and then causes the downward displacement of female reproductive organs and adjacent organs. Clinical studies have shown that pop is often associated with stress urinary incontinence. This research project aimed to clarify the clinical effect of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC) and tension-free vaginal tape obturator (TVT-O) for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) complicated with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and the influencing factors of postoperative urinary function (UF) recovery. The clinical data of 125 patients with SUI complicated with POP treated in Wenzhou Central Hospital and Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital between March 2018 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were assigned to the following two arms based on different treatment methods: the combination group (n = 65, treated with LSC plus TVT-O) and the control group (n = 60, treated with LSC). The alterations of perioperative clinical and urodynamic indexes were analyzed. The objective and subjective response rates were observed and compared. The degree of POP before and after surgery was evaluated. According to the urinary function recovery time, the patients were divided into the fast and non-fast recovery groups, and then, the factors influencing postoperative UF recovery were analyzed between groups. The combination group showed statistically longer operation time (OT) and postoperative indwelling catheter and higher intraoperative blood loss (IBL) than the control group (all P < 0.05 ), but the anal exhaust time and postoperative length of stay (LOS) differed insignificantly between the two arms. The combination group outperformed the control group in the objective response rate, as well as the scores of illness, quality of life (QOL), and sexual life (all P < 0.05 ). Menopause, maximum flow rate (MFR), and preoperative residual urine volume were identified as the influencing factors for normal urination. For patients with SUI complicated with POP, the efficacy of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy was limited, while combining with TVT-O would obtain more significant short-term and long-term efficacy, which can significantly improve patients’ urination and long-term quality of life, with higher safety and clinical promotion value.

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Simon, Vasile, Sorin Marian Dudea, Nicolae Crisan, Vasile Dan Stanca, Marina Dudea-Simon, Iulia Andras, Zoltan Attila Mihaly, and Ioan Coman. "Elastography in the Urological Practice: Urinary and Male Genital Tract, Prostate Excluded—Review." Diagnostics 12, no. 7 (July 16, 2022): 1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071727.

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The aim of this article is to review the utility of elastography in the day-to-day clinical practice of the urologist. An electronic database search was performed on PubMed and Cochrane Library with a date range between January 2000 and December 2021. The search yielded 94 articles that passed the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles were reviewed and discussed by organ, pathology and according to the physical principle underlying the elastographic method. Elastography was used in the study of normal organs, tumoral masses, chronic upper and lower urinary tract obstructive diseases, dysfunctions of the lower urinary tract and the male reproductive system, and as a pre- and post-treatment monitoring tool. Elastography has numerous applications in urology, but due to a lack of standardization in the methodology and equipment, further studies are required.

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Eberman, A. L. "ABOUT FEMALE URETRIT." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 5, no. 5 (August 7, 2020): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd55435-444.

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I hope that my comrades will not condemn me for such an apparently insignificant topic, which I have chosen for today's report; I chose her because they paid and pay little attention to the urethritis of women and, in general, to the diseases of their urinary canal, - and very little about the diseases of this canal comes across in the manuals; a more extensive treatise we find in the surgery of Pitha-Billroth T. XI, processed by Winckel. In gynecology of various authors about diseases of urinary organs, it is said in passing and, in general, very little. And it is very understandable that gynecologists, busy with a more important organ - the organ of support of the human race, pay little or no attention to this small vessel - the urethra; but this short water supply of the female body does not easily cause not a little suffering, which is often attributed to uterine suffering, between which he is the cause of all suffering.

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Tsivian, А. "Management of urologic trauma after gynecologic and obstetric procedures." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 54, no. 5S (November 15, 2005): 67a. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd87231.

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Lyulko, A. A. "Complex evaluation of diagnostic criteria in women with cystocele and stress urinary incontinence." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 7(123) (September 30, 2017): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2017.123.110.

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The purpose of the study: clarification of absolute and relative criteria for the operative treatment of prolapse of the pelvic organs (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Patients and methods. 85 patients with POP and SUI were observed. These women were divided into groups according to the stage of POP and SUI: group 2 – 32 patients with I and II stages of POP and SUI 2a, 2b types of light and moderate severity; group 3 (main) – 53 patients with III and IV stages of POP and SUI type 3 moderate and severe severity. This group of patients subsequently undergone operative treatment according to the patent for utility model No. 109201. The main group (3rd group) included: 3a group – 28 women with III and IV stages of POP and SUI type 3 moderate and severe severity without delay in urination; 3b group – 25 women with III and IV stages of POP and SUI type 3 moderate and severe severity with delay of urination (chronic or acute). 15 women were examined without complaints, who entered the control group (1st group). Results. According to the results of the study, it was recorded that, regardless of the stage of the POP and SUI, even it’s minimal manifestation significantly reduces the quality of life of patients (by 64%) due to the impact on the physical, but greater, on the psychological components of health. Conclusion. The absolute criterion for operative treatment is a set of prolapse of the pelvic organs (POP), urinary incontinence, vesicularization of the bladder type 2a and above, an increase of the posterior urethro-vascular angle of more than 114°. Treatment of stress urinary incontinence on the background of POP should necessarily include fixation of the uterine ligaments and the Berch surgery because of significant deformation of the bladder neck. Key words: pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence, methods of diagnostics.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Urinary organs'

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