Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urinary organs'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Urinary organs.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Urinary organs.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Gohel, Mayur Danny Indulal. "Urinary polyanions important in urinary calcium oxalate crystallization." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18736841.
Full text
2
Shum, Kwok-yan Daisy, and 岑國欣. "Structural studies on urinary glycosaminoglycans." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31230933.
Full text
3
Shum, Kwok-yan Daisy. "Structural studies on urinary glycosaminoglycans /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12333931.
Full text
4
Kristjánsson, Ársæll Axel. "Urinary diversion long-term renal function and morphology and consequences for metabolism /." Lund : Dept. of Urology, Lund University Hospital, 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39055928.html.
Full text
5
Contreras, Sanz Alberto. "P2 receptor signalling in bladder urothelium." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572454.
Full text
6
Martinez, Marila Gaste [UNESP]. "Avaliação dos diferentes métodos de análise do dismorfismo eritrocitário, assim como a quantificação da proteinúria e a albuminúria na determinação da origem de hematúria." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95178.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2013-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:36:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
000747190.pdf: 1418817 bytes, checksum: b247c3f9bf3c90821dabe9c5f9e0cf21 (MD5)Há discordância na literatura quanto à necessidade da realização da microscopia de fase para avaliação da origem da hematúria (glomerular ou não glomerular), isso mostra a necessidade de mais estudos para validar as modalidades de avaliação morfológica da hematúria. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar o melhor ponto de corte da porcentagem dos diferentes padrões de células dismórficas na detecção da hematúria glomerular pelo microscópio óptico convencional e contraste de fase, verificar se a presença de proteinúria ou albuminúria pode auxiliar no diagnóstico da origem da hematúria e determinar o melhor ponto de corte para este parâmetro. Foram avaliadas de maneira cega 131 amostras de urina sendo 66 amostras de portadores de glomerulopatias e 65 amostras dos portadores de litíase renal da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu. Utilizaram-se amostras isoladas com densidade >1007 e com mais de 5 hemácias por campo de grande aumento. Verificou-se a presença e a porcentagem de codócitos e acantócitos tanto em microscópio óptico convencional com sedimento fresco e fixado submetidos à coloração de Papanicolaou e Panótico rápido LB e sedimento urinário fresco avaliado em microscópio de contraste de fase, além de determinar o índice de proteinúria e o índice de albuminúria. Os resultados desses métodos foram comparados entre si. Realizou-se regressão linear e diagrama de Bland-Altman das hemácias dismórficas para comparar os diferentes métodos. Curvas ROC foram traçadas para determinar a área sob a curva (ASC) e o melhor ponto de corte (PC) foi determinado pela maior soma de sensibilidade e especificidade. Nesse ponto foram calculadas a sensibilidade (S) e especificidade (Es), Valor Preditivo Positivo (VPP) e Valor Preditivo Negativo (VPN). No microscópio óptico convencional com sedimento urinário fresco, a ASC do dismorfismo eritrocitário total foi a que apresentou...
There is disagreement over the literature regarding the performance of phase microscopy to assess the origin f hematuria (glomerular or nonglomerular). This shows the need for further investigation in order to validate the best form of morphological evaluation of hematuria. The aims of this study were to determine the optimal cutoff point percentage for different patterns of dysmorphic cells in the detection of glomerular hematuria by conventional optical microscopy and phase contrast microscopy, to verify whether the presence of proteinuria or albuminuria may assist in the diagnosis of hematuria and also to establish an optimal cutoff point for this parameter. One hundred thirty-one urine samples were blinded evaluated at the Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, 66 samples of patients with glomerulopathies and 65 samples of patients with nephrolithiasis. Isolated samples with density greater than 1007 and with more than 5 erythrocytes per high-power field were used. The presence and percentage of codocytes and acanthocytes were verified by conventional optical microscopy using fresh and fixed urinary sediment subjected to Papanicolaou and Panótico Rápido LB staining and fresh urinary sediment was evaluated by phase contrast microscopy. Proteinuria and albuminuria rates were determined. The results of these methods were compared using linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman diagram of dysmorphic red blood cells. ROC curve plots were generated to determine the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and also an optimal cutoff point with the highest sum of sensitivity and specificity. At this point, it was possible to calculate sensitivity (TPR) and specificity (ES), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). In conventional optical microscope with fresh urinary sediment, the AUC of total dysmorphic erythrocytes showed the best result for the diagnosis of hematuria with AUC (IC 95%) ...
7
Martinez, Marila Gaste. "Avaliação dos diferentes métodos de análise do dismorfismo eritrocitário, assim como a quantificação da proteinúria e a albuminúria na determinação da origem de hematúria /." Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95178.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Luis Cuadrado MartinCoorientador: Vanessa dos Santos Silva
Banca: Adriana Polachino do Vale
Banca: Maria Almerinda Vieira Fernandes
Resumo: Há discordância na literatura quanto à necessidade da realização da microscopia de fase para avaliação da origem da hematúria (glomerular ou não glomerular), isso mostra a necessidade de mais estudos para validar as modalidades de avaliação morfológica da hematúria. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar o melhor ponto de corte da porcentagem dos diferentes padrões de células dismórficas na detecção da hematúria glomerular pelo microscópio óptico convencional e contraste de fase, verificar se a presença de proteinúria ou albuminúria pode auxiliar no diagnóstico da origem da hematúria e determinar o melhor ponto de corte para este parâmetro. Foram avaliadas de maneira cega 131 amostras de urina sendo 66 amostras de portadores de glomerulopatias e 65 amostras dos portadores de litíase renal da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu. Utilizaram-se amostras isoladas com densidade >1007 e com mais de 5 hemácias por campo de grande aumento. Verificou-se a presença e a porcentagem de codócitos e acantócitos tanto em microscópio óptico convencional com sedimento fresco e fixado submetidos à coloração de Papanicolaou e Panótico rápido LB e sedimento urinário fresco avaliado em microscópio de contraste de fase, além de determinar o índice de proteinúria e o índice de albuminúria. Os resultados desses métodos foram comparados entre si. Realizou-se regressão linear e diagrama de Bland-Altman das hemácias dismórficas para comparar os diferentes métodos. Curvas ROC foram traçadas para determinar a área sob a curva (ASC) e o melhor ponto de corte (PC) foi determinado pela maior soma de sensibilidade e especificidade. Nesse ponto foram calculadas a sensibilidade (S) e especificidade (Es), Valor Preditivo Positivo (VPP) e Valor Preditivo Negativo (VPN). No microscópio óptico convencional com sedimento urinário fresco, a ASC do dismorfismo eritrocitário total foi a que apresentou ...
Abstract: There is disagreement over the literature regarding the performance of phase microscopy to assess the origin f hematuria (glomerular or nonglomerular). This shows the need for further investigation in order to validate the best form of morphological evaluation of hematuria. The aims of this study were to determine the optimal cutoff point percentage for different patterns of dysmorphic cells in the detection of glomerular hematuria by conventional optical microscopy and phase contrast microscopy, to verify whether the presence of proteinuria or albuminuria may assist in the diagnosis of hematuria and also to establish an optimal cutoff point for this parameter. One hundred thirty-one urine samples were blinded evaluated at the Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, 66 samples of patients with glomerulopathies and 65 samples of patients with nephrolithiasis. Isolated samples with density greater than 1007 and with more than 5 erythrocytes per high-power field were used. The presence and percentage of codocytes and acanthocytes were verified by conventional optical microscopy using fresh and fixed urinary sediment subjected to Papanicolaou and Panótico Rápido LB staining and fresh urinary sediment was evaluated by phase contrast microscopy. Proteinuria and albuminuria rates were determined. The results of these methods were compared using linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman diagram of dysmorphic red blood cells. ROC curve plots were generated to determine the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and also an optimal cutoff point with the highest sum of sensitivity and specificity. At this point, it was possible to calculate sensitivity (TPR) and specificity (ES), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). In conventional optical microscope with fresh urinary sediment, the AUC of total dysmorphic erythrocytes showed the best result for the diagnosis of hematuria with AUC (IC 95%) ...
Mestre
8
Persson, Katarina. "The L-arginine/nitric oxide system in the lower urinary tract functional and morphological aspects /." Lund : Dept. of Clinical Pharmacology, Lund University Hospital, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39781712.html.
Full text
9
Chen, Hong-I. "Physiological and pharmacological studies of lower urinary tract smooth muscles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e73d80a0-9cfd-4959-bfc7-cd2576fcc1dc.
Full text
10
Robichaud, Vernice Y. "The urinary excretion of sulfoconjugates in an adult male population." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91147.
Full textAbstract:
The amount of sulfoconjugates excreted by 135 free-living men and the effect of certain factors, i.e. familial cancer incidence, alcohol intake, tobacco smoking, marijuana smoking, medication and specifically analgesic use, exercise, protein intake and the number of meat and vegetable servings consumed daily, were investigated. One day of urine was analyzed for each subject and three days of urine were analyzed for a randomly selected sub-group of 40 subjects.
For the one-day sample, the average amount of bound sulfate excreted was 7.45 mmole/24 hr. (0. 49 mole/mole creatinine). Total sulfate was 28.53 mmole/24 hr. (1.81 mole/mole creatinine). The values for the three-day sample were 7.65 mmole/24 hr. (0.49 mole/mole creatinine) and 28.92 mmole/24 hr (1.81 mole/mole creatinine) for bound sulfate and total sulfate, respectively.
Of the environmental factors under consideration, a significant difference was observed only for sulfate excretion in relation to beer consumption. Beer consumers excreted more total sulfate in both one-day and three-day samples, and more bound sulfate in the three-day sample than non-beer consumers.
Analysis of the three-day data revealed intra- (within subject) and inter-individual (between subject) coefficients of variation of 57.42% and 90.03% for bound sulfate (mmole/24 hr). For total sulfate, intra- and inter-individual coefficients of variation were 22.76% and 67.35%, respectively.
The need to consider variation in experimental designs is discussed, and the necessity for further research regarding sulfoconjugate excretion and genetic and environmental influences is documented.M.S.
11
Kim, Yunhee. "The urinary excretion of amino acid conjugates in free living adult males." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80047.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this research was to quantitatively assess the urinary excretion of glutamine and glycine conjugates in a free living population of young male adults, in order to establish a profile of detoxification via amino acid conjugation. Also, the effect of certain factors (vegetable, fruit, meat, and charbroiled food intake; tobacco, alcohol, caffeine, and marijuana use; exposure to chemicals and familial cancer incidence) on the urinary excretion of the amino acid conjugates were investigated. Three consecutive 24 hour urines were collected from 40 subjects who complied with a specific collection protocol. The urine samples were analyzed using a HPLC amino acid analyzer. The mean conjugated glutamine excreted was 1.30 mmole/24 hr or 8.74 x 10⁻² mmole/mmole creatinine/24 hr. The mean value for urinary conjugated glycine was 3.91 mmole/24 hr or 26.38 x 10⁻² mmole/mmole creatinine/24 hr. For glutamine conjugate excretion, vegetable, fruit, alcohol, chemical exposure and marijuana use showed marginally significant differences among their subgroups. For glycine conjugate excretion, meat, caffeine, chemical exposure, cancer and marijuana use showed marginally significant differences among their subgroups. An analysis of variance revealed a large degree of between-subject(inter) and within-subject(intra) variability. The coefficients of variation for glutamine and glycine for intervariabili ty were 51.1 and 53.4%, respectively, whereas the coefficients of variation for intra variability were 37.3 and 31.4%, respectively. Probably, the large variability masked any effects of diet, environment or genetics on the observed urinary conjugated amino acid excretion.Master of Science
12
Cruickshank, Moira A. "Using psychological theory to explore thoughts, feelings and behaviour in the context of urological cancer." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=185651.
Full textAbstract:
Psychology uses theory supported by empirical evidence to accumulate generalisable knowledge and learn from various contexts. Two commonly used theories are the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Common-Sense Self Regulation Model (CS-SRM). Possible limitations in previous studies using these theories have been identified: (1) TPB studies focus upon one specified behaviour and ignore behavioural alternatives; (2) the CS-SRM is routinely not fully operationalised. This research aimed to develop an ‘extended TPB’ assessing ‘intention choice’ (where participants report their intended course of action regarding one or more specified behavioural alternatives) and to operationalise the CS-SRM more fully than is usually reported. The context was people with urological cancer. Methods: Three studies were conducted: (1) CS-SRM-based longitudinal study of people with urological cancer (n=172) to predict anxiety and depression; (2) Extended-TPB-based prospective study of men with localised prostate cancer (n=35) using both between- and within-person approaches to explore intention choice with respect to treatment; (3) Extended-TPB-based before-after study of medical students (n=93) to evaluate the effects of teaching on simulated communication behaviour. Results: (1) Anxiety and depression at Time 2 were predicted by number of information sources reported at Time 1 after controlling for baseline anxiety and depression; (2) TPB constructs were consistent with intention choice and intention choice was consistent with actual treatment. Within-persons, the model could not identify men who later reported poor outcomes; (3) All TPB-related cognitions changed between Time 1 and Time 2 but simulated behaviour scores did not change. Discussion: Relationships between the TPB constructs both between- and within-persons were consistent with actual treatment. The extended TPB measures were sensitive to change when behavioural alternatives were assessed. The CS-SRM was operationalised beyond illness representations. Conclusions: It was feasible to apply both the extended TPB (between- and within-persons) and CS-SRM in this context.
13
Roy, L. Paul. "Studies related to diseases affecting the kidney and urinary tract in children and their management." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1819.
Full textAbstract:
Publications 1-49 represent studies that I have undertaken myself or conjointly over a 34 year period to investigate a variety of issues relating to diseases of the kidney and urinary tract in children. The studies were carried out at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Camperdown when I was Clinical Superintendent from 1968 - 1970; The Department of Paediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA when I was Overseas Research Fellow of the Post Graduate Foundation in Medicine, University of Sydney, 1970 - 1972, then as Staff Physician in Nephrology at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Camperdown, 1972 - 1977, and then Head of that Department at the Hospital until 1995 and then as an Honorary Staff Specialist at that hospital. Some of the studies were done conjointly with members of the Renal Unit of Royal Prince Alfred Hospital where I hold an Honorary appointment and others conjointly with members of the Renal Unit of Prince Henry Hospital, Little Bay. I was appointed Clinical Associate Professor to the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney in 1993. In 1966 paediatric nephrology was in the early phase of development as a medical subspecialty. There was no definitive textbook, the first was published in 1975 (Pediatric Nephrology, Ed. Mitchell I. Rubin. Williams and Wilkins.). In the preface to the 2nd edition of Renal Disease (Blackwell) in 1967 the editor D.A.K. Black noted that he had included a chapter on paediatric aspects which had been planned for the 1st edition in 1962 but ”it could not be arranged”. In the chapter on Renal Disease in Children the author, D.Macauly, comments that the mortality rate of acute renal failure in children was 50%. When I joined the resident staff of the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children in 1966, children with renal disease were managed by general paediatricians. There was no active program for the treatment of children with acute or chronic renal failure. A small number of kidney biopsies had been performed by Dr Trefor Morgan who, together with Dr Denis Wade, had taught me the technique while I was a resident medical officer at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in the preceding year. With the guidance and support of Dr S.E.J. Robertson and Dr C. Lee, Honorary Medical Officers, and Dr R.D.K. Reye, Head of the Department of Pathology, I began performing kidney biopsies on children at the request of the paediatrician in charge. In the same year, encouraged again by Doctors Robertson and Lee, and by J.C.M. Friend and J. Brown, I introduced peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of children with acute renal failure, a technique which I had also been taught by Dr Trefor Morgan whilst I was a resident at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. Dr Robertson encouraged me to present my experience in percutaneous renal biopsy in children at the Annual Meeting of the Australian Paediatric Association in 1968 and this study became the first paper I published in relation to disease of the urinary tract in children (1). In 1970 I was granted an Overseas Research Fellowship by the Post Graduate Foundation in Medicine, University of Sydney, to enable me to undertake a fellowship in the Department of Paediatrics at the University of Minnesota. I had the great fortune in undertaking studies in the new discipline of paediatric nephrology and related research under the guidance of Dr A. F. Michael, Dr R.L.Vernier and Dr A. Fish. I acquired the techniques of immunopathology and electron microscopy. On my return to Australia I established a Department of Nephrology at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children. I introduced immunofluorescent and electron microscopic studies for the kidney biopsies that I continued to perform and, with the support of Dr R.D.K. Reye, I provided the official reports of these studies until 1990. As a result these studies became part of the histopathologic service provided by the hospital. I continue to be consulted concerning the interpretation of some electron microscopic findings in renal tissue. With the assistance of Dr J.D. Harley I set up a laboratory in the Children’s Medical Research Foundation to continue and expand the studies I had commenced during my Fellowship. Establishing a dialysis and transplant program for children with end stage renal disease (ESRD) was extremely time consuming. At that time most children with ESRD died. The program was initially established jointly with the Renal Unit at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in 1972 and eventually dialysis facilities were established at the Children’s Hospital using predominantly peritoneal dialysis. By 1978 the existence of the Unit was well known in the general community and articles appeared in the press. One prompted the late Sir Lorimer Dods, the first Professor of Paediatrics in Australia to write to me congratulating me on what I had achieved. He remarked “I have just read with special interest Shaun’s review in the SMH of some of your recent achievements in the field of renal failure in infancy and childhood and want to offer you my personal congratulations on all that you have achieved and are achieving in this area of paediatrics which, in my little world of yesterday, meant nothing more than progressive and unrelenting fatal illness”. Taking part in the development of a relatively new discipline led me to study a number of areas. I encouraged trainees to write reports concerning clinical observations and eventually I was joined by Fellows whom I encouraged and supported to study a number of different areas to ensure that children were being cared for in an environment of strong and open enquiry. This led to studies on investigations of chronic renal failure which Dr Elisabeth Hodson pursued and studies on urinary tract infection in small children for which Dr Jonathon Craig was awarded a PhD. As I had been a contributor and co-author in a number of these studies they have been included in my list of publications. As a result of this diversity I have listed the publications in 9 sections. The overall theme is to study diseases of the renal tract in children and treatments used to understand the processes and ensure the most effective treatment. Some published abstracts of papers presented at scientific meetings have been included to clarify invitations I received to prepare reviews and chapters on various subjects and my involvement in some conjoint studies. I was author or coauthor of several book chapters, reviews, editorials and certain published studies to which I was invited to contribute as a result of my primary studies and these I have included as “Derivative References”numbered 50-76.
14
Roy, L. Paul. "Studies related to diseases affecting the kidney and urinary tract in children and their management." University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1819.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of MedicinePublications 1-49 represent studies that I have undertaken myself or conjointly over a 34 year period to investigate a variety of issues relating to diseases of the kidney and urinary tract in children. The studies were carried out at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Camperdown when I was Clinical Superintendent from 1968 - 1970; The Department of Paediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA when I was Overseas Research Fellow of the Post Graduate Foundation in Medicine, University of Sydney, 1970 - 1972, then as Staff Physician in Nephrology at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Camperdown, 1972 - 1977, and then Head of that Department at the Hospital until 1995 and then as an Honorary Staff Specialist at that hospital. Some of the studies were done conjointly with members of the Renal Unit of Royal Prince Alfred Hospital where I hold an Honorary appointment and others conjointly with members of the Renal Unit of Prince Henry Hospital, Little Bay. I was appointed Clinical Associate Professor to the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney in 1993. In 1966 paediatric nephrology was in the early phase of development as a medical subspecialty. There was no definitive textbook, the first was published in 1975 (Pediatric Nephrology, Ed. Mitchell I. Rubin. Williams and Wilkins.). In the preface to the 2nd edition of Renal Disease (Blackwell) in 1967 the editor D.A.K. Black noted that he had included a chapter on paediatric aspects which had been planned for the 1st edition in 1962 but ”it could not be arranged”. In the chapter on Renal Disease in Children the author, D.Macauly, comments that the mortality rate of acute renal failure in children was 50%. When I joined the resident staff of the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children in 1966, children with renal disease were managed by general paediatricians. There was no active program for the treatment of children with acute or chronic renal failure. A small number of kidney biopsies had been performed by Dr Trefor Morgan who, together with Dr Denis Wade, had taught me the technique while I was a resident medical officer at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in the preceding year. With the guidance and support of Dr S.E.J. Robertson and Dr C. Lee, Honorary Medical Officers, and Dr R.D.K. Reye, Head of the Department of Pathology, I began performing kidney biopsies on children at the request of the paediatrician in charge. In the same year, encouraged again by Doctors Robertson and Lee, and by J.C.M. Friend and J. Brown, I introduced peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of children with acute renal failure, a technique which I had also been taught by Dr Trefor Morgan whilst I was a resident at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. Dr Robertson encouraged me to present my experience in percutaneous renal biopsy in children at the Annual Meeting of the Australian Paediatric Association in 1968 and this study became the first paper I published in relation to disease of the urinary tract in children (1). In 1970 I was granted an Overseas Research Fellowship by the Post Graduate Foundation in Medicine, University of Sydney, to enable me to undertake a fellowship in the Department of Paediatrics at the University of Minnesota. I had the great fortune in undertaking studies in the new discipline of paediatric nephrology and related research under the guidance of Dr A. F. Michael, Dr R.L.Vernier and Dr A. Fish. I acquired the techniques of immunopathology and electron microscopy. On my return to Australia I established a Department of Nephrology at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children. I introduced immunofluorescent and electron microscopic studies for the kidney biopsies that I continued to perform and, with the support of Dr R.D.K. Reye, I provided the official reports of these studies until 1990. As a result these studies became part of the histopathologic service provided by the hospital. I continue to be consulted concerning the interpretation of some electron microscopic findings in renal tissue. With the assistance of Dr J.D. Harley I set up a laboratory in the Children’s Medical Research Foundation to continue and expand the studies I had commenced during my Fellowship. Establishing a dialysis and transplant program for children with end stage renal disease (ESRD) was extremely time consuming. At that time most children with ESRD died. The program was initially established jointly with the Renal Unit at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in 1972 and eventually dialysis facilities were established at the Children’s Hospital using predominantly peritoneal dialysis. By 1978 the existence of the Unit was well known in the general community and articles appeared in the press. One prompted the late Sir Lorimer Dods, the first Professor of Paediatrics in Australia to write to me congratulating me on what I had achieved. He remarked “I have just read with special interest Shaun’s review in the SMH of some of your recent achievements in the field of renal failure in infancy and childhood and want to offer you my personal congratulations on all that you have achieved and are achieving in this area of paediatrics which, in my little world of yesterday, meant nothing more than progressive and unrelenting fatal illness”. Taking part in the development of a relatively new discipline led me to study a number of areas. I encouraged trainees to write reports concerning clinical observations and eventually I was joined by Fellows whom I encouraged and supported to study a number of different areas to ensure that children were being cared for in an environment of strong and open enquiry. This led to studies on investigations of chronic renal failure which Dr Elisabeth Hodson pursued and studies on urinary tract infection in small children for which Dr Jonathon Craig was awarded a PhD. As I had been a contributor and co-author in a number of these studies they have been included in my list of publications. As a result of this diversity I have listed the publications in 9 sections. The overall theme is to study diseases of the renal tract in children and treatments used to understand the processes and ensure the most effective treatment. Some published abstracts of papers presented at scientific meetings have been included to clarify invitations I received to prepare reviews and chapters on various subjects and my involvement in some conjoint studies. I was author or coauthor of several book chapters, reviews, editorials and certain published studies to which I was invited to contribute as a result of my primary studies and these I have included as “Derivative References”numbered 50-76.
15
Vittur, Shannon Marlece. "The effect of an in vitro mechanical environment on the proliferation and phenotype of bladder smooth muscle cells." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17270.
Full text
16
Bramley, Allan Sidney. "A study of the growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate monohydrate /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb815.pdf.
Full text
17
Choi, Pui-hang, and 蔡沛恆. "Health-related quality of life and mental health of Chinese primary care patients with lower urinary tract symptoms." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206726.
Full text
18
Mills, Edward G. "The process of automating the sealing of the anus and urinary tract of bovines." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1994. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36240/1/36240_Mills_1994.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with automating the process of separating and sealing the rectum in bovines. In particular, it analyses those designs that have been
trialled during the course of automation. Following a summary of the most successful of these designs, the final chapter outlines the benefits of automating this process to the meat producing industry of Australia and makes recommendations for future research. In achieving these tasks, chapters are devoted to the four specific processes of locating, separating, sealing and cutting the anus. These processes were automated and the various designs subsequently trialled at CSIRO Meat Research Laboratory, Cannon Hill, Brisbane during the period August 1990 to March 1994. The scope of the project does not include an analysis of the costs and benefits
of the process.
19
Damasio, Patrícia Capuzzo Garcia [UNESP]. "Avaliação da influência da orientação nutricional e do tratamento medicamentoso na recorrência da litíase urinária." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106689.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2013-01-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:26:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
damasio_pcg_dr_botfm.pdf: 945182 bytes, checksum: c3d13c8adb85760aedcb14fc34f0ccd3 (MD5)A itíase urinária é a terceira causa mais comum de afeção do trato urinário. A orientação dietética e o tratamento medicamentoso específico são importantes na recorrência da litíase e, portanto, mudar a dieta e seguir o tratamento farmacológico específico pode prevenir a sua recorrência. Avaliar a influência da orientação nutricional e do tratamento medicamentoso na recorrência da litíase urinária. A partir do nosso registro de pacientes com litíase recorrente foram selecionados 57 que tiveram pelo menos 5 anos de seguimento. Intervenção: Durante o acompanhamento dos pacientes foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: questionário clínico, investigação metabólica e avaliação por imagem (ultra-sonografia e/ou raio-X simples de abdome). Todos os pacientes foram orientados a controlar a ingestão de proteína (entre 0,8 a 1g/Kg peso corporal/dia) e adequar a ingestão de cálcio (entre 800 a 1000 mg/dia), levando-se em consideração o registro alimentar de 3 dias. A restrição de sal (menor que 5 g/dia) foi realizada tendo como referência a variação do sódio excretado na urina de 24h. Durante o acompanhamento os pacientes receberam ainda orientações dietéticas e farmacológicas específicas de acordo com o distúrbio metabólico identificado. 56% dos pacientes eram sexo masculino e a média do IMC no pré-tratamento foi de 27,8 kg/m², observando-se uma correlação positiva entre o número médio de cálculos formados por ano no pré-tratamento e IMC (p=0,012) Notamos uma diminuição significativa do cálcio, sódio e ácido úrico na urina de 24 horas no pós tratamento em comparação ao período inicial. Observamos um aumento significativo do citrato na urina de 24 horas no pós-tratamento. O nº de cálculos formados durante seguimento de 5 anos, diminuiu significativamente em relação ao pré tratamento...
Urinary tract lithiasis is the third most common cause of urinary tract affection. Dietary factors have great importance in the formation of urolithiasis; therefore, changing the diet and specific pharmacological treatment can prevent its recurrence. Evaluate the influence of clinical therapy associated to nutritional orientation in the recurrence of urolithiasis. From our registry of patients with recurrent lithiasis we selected 57 who had at least 5-years of follow-up. We used the protocol composed by 2 non-consecutive urine samples of 24h and was performed: Ca, Na, uric acid, citrate, oxalate, Mg and urinary volume assessments. In the pre treatment the lithiasis clinical questionary and after five years was care out using abdomen x-ray and/or ultrasound. Individualized dietary orientation consisted of: to increase fluid intake (enough to form ≥ 2 L / day); sodium ingestion <5 g / day and protein intake range between 0.8 - 1 g / kg body weight / day, and the adequate calcium intake (800 to 1000 mg / day). During the follow-up of patients, specific and individualized dietary orientation was performed according to the diagnosed metabolic disorder. Patients received specific pharmacological treatment according to the metabolic alteration. 54% were male. In average the BMI was 27 kg / m2. It was observed that according to BMI classification, the patients were overweight. Urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid and sodium decreased significantly after 5 years of follow-up. The number of stones formed in the 5- year follow-up decreased significantly compare to pre treatment. Individualized dietary orientation and pharmacological... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
20
Schreiner, Fernando Jorge. "Avaliação de fatores de virulência e tipagem molecular das Escherichia coli relacionadas a infecções do trato urinário feminino." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2006. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/612.
Full textAbstract:
As infecções do trato urinário (ITU) constituem uma das doenças mais comuns na prática médica geral, respondendo por grande parte dos processos infecciosos comunitários e hospitalares, ocorrendo em indivíduos de todas as faixas etárias, sendo as mulheres normalmente mais acometidas. No presente estudo foram analisados 295 isolados de Escherichia coli, provenientes de quatro grupos de mulheres, assim divididos: Grupo colonização; Grupo com ITU recorrente; Grupo com ITU comunitária e Grupo com ITU de internação hospitalar. Estes isolados foram analisados quanto aos fatores de virulência (produção de hemolisina e aerobactina, ligação do vermelho congo, pili 1 e P e mobilidade), a suscetibilidade a oito antimicrobianos e pela tipagem molecular (PFGE) para procurar estabelecer uma associação entre a E. coli de origem intestinal com a da ITU. Os resultados demonstraram que a expressão dos fatores de virulência dos isolados de E. coli das ITU e os de origem intestinal do grupo Colonização foi extremamente variada e a maioria dos perfis fenotípicos apresentou pelo menos duas características de urovirulência. Foi também verificada uma maior resistência aos antimicrobianos nos grupos de maior exposição a essas drogas, em ordem decrescente (Grupos com ITU de internação hospitalar; ITU recorrente e ITU comunitária). A comparação através da PFGE demonstrou uma concordância clonal entre os isolados de E. coli em nível uretral/periuretral e intestinal de 40,0% (6/15) dos casos do Grupo colonização e de 35,7% (5/14) dos pacientes do Grupo com ITU recorrente (urina e fezes). Comparando os resultados obtidos com a associação dos perfis fenotípicos (fatores de virulência) e de suscetibilidade com os genotípicos, também se obteve 40,0% de coincidência no Grupo colonização e de 42,9% (6/14) para o Grupo com ITU recorrente comparado com 35,7% obtido pela genotipagem.Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-05T16:45:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fernando J Schreiner.pdf: 2493878 bytes, checksum: af52c8fa3356910bd52ceefbe045663e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-05T16:45:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fernando J Schreiner.pdf: 2493878 bytes, checksum: af52c8fa3356910bd52ceefbe045663e (MD5)
The infections of the urinart tract (UTI) are one of the most common diseases in the general medicinal practice. They are responsables for an important number of the community and hospitalar infections affecting individuals of all ages, but with a higher frequency in women. In the present study 295 isolates of Escherichia coli were analysed. These isolates were obtained from four clinical groups of women: (1) Colonization group; (2) Recorrent UTI group; (3) Community UTI group; and (4) UTI in hospitalized group. In order to stablish a relation between UTI and intestinal E. coli the isolates were analysed for the presence of several putative virulence factors (hemolytic activity, aerobactin production, congo red absortion, motility, and the presence of pili 1 and pili P), the susceptibility against a panel of eight antibiotics, and further characterized by the comparison of their pulse field gel electrophoretic (PFGE) profiles. The results showed that the expression of virulence factor among UTI and intestinal isolates of the colonization group was variable, and most isolates exhibited at least two virulence factors. The antibiotic resistance was higher in the groups with exposed to these drugs, in decreasing order: UTI in hospitalized group, recorrent UTI group, and community UTI group. The comparison of PFGE profiles allowed to confirm the clonal origin of E. coli isolates obtained from urinary tract and intestinal samples in 40% (6/15) of the colonization group patients, and 35,7% (5/14) of recorrent UTI group patients. High coincidence was observed between the phenotypic (virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility) and the genotypic (PFGE) characterization of clonal isolates.
21
Lord, Helen Elizabeth. "A randomised controlled equivalence trial comparing tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) with suprapubic urethral support sling (SPARC)." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and Health Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0086.
Full textAbstract:
[Truncated abstract] Approximately 35% of women worldwide have stress incontinence, which is defined as involuntary leakage of urine on effort, exertion, or on sneezing and coughing. There are various surgical techniques for stress incontinence; however, minimally invasive operations are increasingly being chosen by surgeons and their patients. Of these procedures, tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) has a cure rate of approximately 90% and is now perceived as the standard technique for stress incontinence. Reported complications of TVT include arterial laceration, bladder perforation, bowel perforation, de novo urgency, dyspareunia, excessive blood loss, haematoma, nerve injuries, urethral erosion, urge incontinence, urinary tract infection, vascular injury, vaginal mesh erosion, voiding dysfunction and death. Suprapubic urethral support sling (SPARC) is a very similar minimally invasive operation and early indications suggested that the success rate for treating stress incontinence was expected to be identical or better than those obtained with the earlier TVT approach, with possibly fewer adverse perioperative events. Our trial sought to establish equivalence between TVT and SPARC in relation to short-term complications and efficacy. OBJECTIVES The primary outcome was bladder perforation. Secondary outcomes were blood loss, voiding difficulty, urgency, and cure of stress incontinence symptoms. METHOD A randomised controlled one-sided equivalence trial (RCT) was conducted in Perth, Western Australia during 2003 and 2004 by researchers in the School of Population Health, University of Western Australia (UWA) and King Edward Memorial Hospital (KEMH). Patients were recruited from the public Urology/Urogynaecology Clinic at the primary women's hospital and the consultant surgeons' private practices. ... However, acute urinary retention requiring a return to theatre to loosen the tape (TVT 0%, SPARC 6.5%; OR: [infinity], 95% CL: 2.2, [infinity]; p=0.002) and subjective short-term cure (TVT 87.1%, SPARC 76.5%; OR: 2.07, 95% CL: 1.13, 3.81; p=0.03) were statistically significantly different. CONCLUSIONS The results are consistent with clinical equivalence between TVT and SPARC in relation to the incidence of bladder perforation. No statistically significant difference was found between TVT and SPARC in blood loss, urgency or short-term objective cure of stress incontinence at the six week post-discharge visit to the surgeon. However, the tapes were more difficult to adjust correctly in SPARC procedures and a statistically significant number of patients required a return to theatre for loosening of the tape (TVT 0/147, 0% and SPARC 10/154, 6.5%, p=0.002). Compared with SPARC, TVT was statistically significantly higher for subjective short-term cure. In ii relation to vaginal mesh erosion, TVT was lower than SPARC, though not statistically significantly. Overall, voiding difficulty (loosening of the tape), urgency and vaginal mesh erosion were the most important clinical problems. This randomised controlled trial demonstrates the importance of testing new devices which appear to be similar, but which may have clinically relevant differences. A follow up study to assess the long-term efficacy of tension-free vaginal tape and suprapubic urethral support sling and associated complications is planned.
22
Baker, Paul Wayne. "[Beta]- aminothiols and the regulation of hepatic oxalate production /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb1678.pdf.
Full text
23
Damasio, Patrícia Capuzzo Garcia. "Avaliação da influência da orientação nutricional e do tratamento medicamentoso na recorrência da litíase urinária /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106689.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: João Luiz AmaroBanca: Hamilto Akihissa Yamamoto
Banca: Victor Augusto Sanguinetti Scherrer Leitão
Banca: Claudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
Banca: Aguinaldo Cesar Nardi
Resumo: A itíase urinária é a terceira causa mais comum de afeção do trato urinário. A orientação dietética e o tratamento medicamentoso específico são importantes na recorrência da litíase e, portanto, mudar a dieta e seguir o tratamento farmacológico específico pode prevenir a sua recorrência. Avaliar a influência da orientação nutricional e do tratamento medicamentoso na recorrência da litíase urinária. A partir do nosso registro de pacientes com litíase recorrente foram selecionados 57 que tiveram pelo menos 5 anos de seguimento. Intervenção: Durante o acompanhamento dos pacientes foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: questionário clínico, investigação metabólica e avaliação por imagem (ultra-sonografia e/ou raio-X simples de abdome). Todos os pacientes foram orientados a controlar a ingestão de proteína (entre 0,8 a 1g/Kg peso corporal/dia) e adequar a ingestão de cálcio (entre 800 a 1000 mg/dia), levando-se em consideração o registro alimentar de 3 dias. A restrição de sal (menor que 5 g/dia) foi realizada tendo como referência a variação do sódio excretado na urina de 24h. Durante o acompanhamento os pacientes receberam ainda orientações dietéticas e farmacológicas específicas de acordo com o distúrbio metabólico identificado. 56% dos pacientes eram sexo masculino e a média do IMC no pré-tratamento foi de 27,8 kg/m², observando-se uma correlação positiva entre o número médio de cálculos formados por ano no pré-tratamento e IMC (p=0,012) Notamos uma diminuição significativa do cálcio, sódio e ácido úrico na urina de 24 horas no pós tratamento em comparação ao período inicial. Observamos um aumento significativo do citrato na urina de 24 horas no pós-tratamento. O nº de cálculos formados durante seguimento de 5 anos, diminuiu significativamente em relação ao pré tratamento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Urinary tract lithiasis is the third most common cause of urinary tract affection. Dietary factors have great importance in the formation of urolithiasis; therefore, changing the diet and specific pharmacological treatment can prevent its recurrence. Evaluate the influence of clinical therapy associated to nutritional orientation in the recurrence of urolithiasis. From our registry of patients with recurrent lithiasis we selected 57 who had at least 5-years of follow-up. We used the protocol composed by 2 non-consecutive urine samples of 24h and was performed: Ca, Na, uric acid, citrate, oxalate, Mg and urinary volume assessments. In the pre treatment the lithiasis clinical questionary and after five years was care out using abdomen x-ray and/or ultrasound. Individualized dietary orientation consisted of: to increase fluid intake (enough to form ≥ 2 L / day); sodium ingestion <5 g / day and protein intake range between 0.8 - 1 g / kg body weight / day, and the adequate calcium intake (800 to 1000 mg / day). During the follow-up of patients, specific and individualized dietary orientation was performed according to the diagnosed metabolic disorder. Patients received specific pharmacological treatment according to the metabolic alteration. 54% were male. In average the BMI was 27 kg / m2. It was observed that according to BMI classification, the patients were overweight. Urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid and sodium decreased significantly after 5 years of follow-up. The number of stones formed in the 5- year follow-up decreased significantly compare to pre treatment. Individualized dietary orientation and pharmacological... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
24
Ismaili, Khalid. "Evaluation et prise en charge des anomalies foetales du rein et du tractus urinaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210748.
Full text
25
Hoşcan, Burak Perk Hakkı. "Stres üriner inkontinans tedavisi tedavisinde ekstrakorporeal manyetik innervasyon /." Isparta : SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi, 2004. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TT00199.pdf.
Full text
26
Ramos, Filho Antonio Celso S. "Avaliação morfofuncional e molecular do detrusor isolado de ratos hipertensos renovasculares." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308915.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Edson AntunesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T00:06:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RamosFilho_AntonioCelsoS._M.pdf: 1693116 bytes, checksum: 4526088a65a406983163ece45558e71c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: A hipertensão renovascular é uma forma secundária da hipertensão arterial, que corresponde de 1-5% dos casos de hipertensão. A associação entre hipertensão arterial e disfunções miccionais foi observada no modelo experimental de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR). Até o momento nenhum estudo avaliou as disfunções miccionais em animais hipertensos renovasculares. Dessa forma, neste estudo, caracterizamos a disfunção miccional em ratos hipertensos renovasculares através do modelo de dois rins, um clip (2K-1C). Em ratos Wistar (200-220 g) colocou-se um clip em torno da artéria renal. Depois de oito semanas, os ratos foram utilizados. Realizou-se estudo cistométrico em ratos anestesiados, assim como curvas concentração-resposta para agentes contráteis e relaxantes em detrusor isolado (DSM). Foram também realizados estudos histomorfométricos e da expressão de RNAm dos receptores muscarínicos M3 e M2 em DSM isolado. Os resultados histomorfométricos mostraram aumentos significantes na espessura da parede da bexiga, no volume intravesical, na densidade de musculatura lisa e na densidade de fibras neurais no grupo 2K-1C em comparação ao SHAM. O agonista muscarínico, carbacol, produziu contrações concentração-dependentes do DSM, as quais foram significantemente maiores no grupo 2K-1C. O inibidor da Rho-quinase, Y27-632 (10 µM), reduziu significantemente a contração induzida pelo carbacol nos ratos SHAM e 2K-1C; porém, no grupo 2K-1C, o DSM continuou hiperativo na presença do Y27-632. A estimulação elétrica (1 - 32 Hz) produziu contração freqüência-dependente do DSM as quais foram maiores no grupo 2K-1C. O agonista purinérgico P2X, ?,?-metileno-ATP (1 - 100 µM), o KCl (1 - 300 µM) e o Ca2+ extracelular (0,01-100 µM) produziram contrações concentração-dependente; porém, não observamos diferenças entre o grupo SHAM e 2K-1C. O agonista não seletivo ?-adrenérgico, isoproterenol, o agonista seletivo ?2-adrenérgico, metaproterenol, e o agonista seletivo ?3-adrenérgico, BRL37-344, produziram relaxamentos menores do DSM nos ratos 2K-1C, e também redução nos níveis intracelulares de AMPc nos detrusores. O efeito relaxante ao nitroprussiato de sódio e BAY41-2272 mantiveram-se iguais nos animais SHAM e 2K-1C. A expressão do RNAm do receptor muscarínico M3 (mas não do M2) no DSM foi significantemente maior nos ratos 2K-1C em comparação ao grupo controle. Os tratamentos crônicos com losartan e captopril normalizaram a pressão arterial sistólica dos animais 2K-1C, normalizaram a função miccional, e reduziram a hipercontratilidade do detrusor induzida pela estimulação elétrica e pelo carbacol, assim como restabeleceram o relaxamento induzido pelo isoproterenol ao nível do grupo SHAM. Concluimos que os ratos hipertensos renovasculares apresentam hiperatividade do detrusor, a qual envolve remodelamento tecidual e aumento da contração via receptor muscarínico M3 associado à redução no relaxamento ?-adrenérgico com redução da sinalização intracelular e produção de AMPc. Os tratamentos com losartan e captopril restauram a função miccional dos animais 2K-1C
Abstract: Renovascular hypertension is a secondary form of arterial hypertension, accounting for 1-5% of cases in unselected population. Association between arterial hypertension and urinary bladder dysfunction has been reported in spontaneously hypertensive rats, but no study evaluated the bladder dysfunction in renovascular hypertensive animals. Therefore, in this study, we explored the bladder dysfunction in renovascular hypertensive rats, using the two-kidney one-clip (2K-1C) model. A silver clip was placed around the renal artery of male Wistar Kyoto rats (200-220 g). After eight weeks, rats were used. Cystometric study in anesthetized rats, along with concentration-response curves to both contractile and relaxant agents in isolated detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) were performed. Histomorphometry and mRNA expression of muscarinic M3 and M2 receptors in DSM were also determined. The histomorphometric data showed significant increases in bladder wall thickness, intravesical volume and density of smooth muscle, as well as density of neural fibers in the 2K-1C group compared with SHAM. The muscarinic agonist carbachol produced concentration-dependent DSM contractions, which were markedly greater in 2K-1C rats. The Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27-632 (10 µM) significantly reduced the carbachol-induced contractions in sham and 2K-1C rats, but DSM in 2K-1C rats remained overactive in the presence of Y27632. Electrical-field stimulation (EFS; 1-32 Hz) produced frequency-dependent DSM contractions that were also greater in 2K-1C group. The P2X receptor agonist ?,?-methylene ATP (1-100 µM), KCl (1-300 mM) and extracellular Ca2+ (0.01-100 M) produced concentration-dependent DSM contractions, but no changes among sham and 2K-1C rats were seen. In 2K-1C rats, the non-selective ?-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol, the ?2-adrenoceptor agonist metaproterenol and the ?3-adrenoceptor agonist BRL 37-344 produced lower DSM relaxations, as well as decreased cAMP levels. The relaxant responses to sodium nitroprusside and BAY 41-2272 remained unchanged in 2K-1C rats. Expression of mRNA of muscarinic M3 (but not of M2) receptors in DSM was significantly increased in 2K-1C rats. The chronic treatment with losartan and captopril normalized the blood systolic pressure of 2K-1C animals, improved their urinary function by reducing DSM hypercontractility to EFS and carbacol stimulation, and restored the relaxation induced by the ?-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol to the level of SHAM group. In conclusion, renovascular hypertensive rats exhibit overactive DSM that involves tissue remodeling and enhanced muscarinic M3-mediated contractions associated with reduced ?-adrenoceptor-mediated signal transduction. The treatments with losartan and captopril improved urinary function of 2K-1C animals
Mestrado
Mestre em Farmacologia
27
Nyyssönen, V. (Virva). "Transvaginal mesh-augmented procedures in gynecology:outcomes after female urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse surgery." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526205632.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Problems of female urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse are common. Traditional operative techniques in the treatment of these conditions have unsatisfactory efficacy outcomes and involve complications. Attempts have been made to solve this problem with synthetic meshes, but with the use of meshes mesh-related complications have appeared. The situation is difficult because the number of different meshes, techniques and instrumentations is numerous. The present study was conducted to investigate the safety issues and complication rates of four structurally different polypropylene meshes used in transvaginal surgery when treating female urinary incontinence and apical or posterior vaginal prolapse. Vaginal mesh exposures were under special interest. Subjective outcome and patient satisfaction of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) and transobturator tape (TOT) methods in the treatment of female urinary incontinence were reported. Objective and subjective cures of posterior intravaginal sling (PIVS) and Elevate®Posterior procedures were investigated. The incidence of vaginal mesh exposure varied between different meshes. The highest exposure incidence, 16–25%, was found with heavyweight microporous multifilament mesh. The lowest mesh exposure incidence, 0.9%, was seen with lightweight macroporous monofilament mesh. The subjective cures of the TVT and TOT procedures were 84% and 80%, and patient satisfaction rates were 79% and 74%, respectively. The objective cure of posterior IVS was only 69% and patient satisfaction rate 62%, while Elevate®Posterior reached 84–98% objective cure rate, depending on the definition used. Subjective efficacy of this procedure was 86%. According to this study, the use of heavyweight microporous multifilament should be abandoned because of the intolerably high vaginal mesh exposure incidence. The subjective efficacy and patient satisfaction of TVT and TOT procedures are satisfactory. Both objective and subjective cure rates of posterior IVS are poor, whereas the Elevate®Posterior technique with lightweight macroporous monofilament mesh presents promising resultsTiivistelmä Virtsankarkailu ja emättimen monimuotoiset laskeumat ovat naisilla yleisiä. Näitä vaivoja perinteisillä leikkaustekniikoilla hoidettaessa leikkaustulokset ovat olleet epätyydyttäviä sekä tehon että komplikaatioiden ilmaantuvuuden osalta. Ongelmaa on yritetty ratkaista synteettisien verkkojen avulla, mutta verkkojen käytön myötä niihin on havaittu liittyvän myös ongelmia. Tilannetta hankaloittaa myös erilaisten verkkomateriaalien, tekniikoiden ja instrumentaatioiden runsaslukuisuus. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin neljän rakenteeltaan erilaisen polypropyleenistä valmistetun verkon turvallisuutta ja komplikaatioiden esiintyvyyttä hoidettaessa verkkoavusteisesti naisen virtsankarkailua ja emättimen pohjukan tai emättimen takaseinämän laskeumaa. Erityisenä kiinnostuksen kohteena olivat verkkoihin liittyvät eroosiot. Virtsankarkailun hoidon subjektiivinen teho ja potilastyytyväisyys selvitettiin käytettäessä tension-free vaginal tape- (TVT) ja transobturator tape (TOT) -tekniikoita. Laskeumien hoidon objektiivinen ja subjektiivinen teho arvioitiin käytettäessä posterior intravaginal sling- (PIVS) ja Elevate®Posterior -tekniikoita. Verkon eroosioiden ilmaantuvuus vaihteli rakenteeltaan erilaisten verkkojen välillä siten, että tiivistä mikroporoottista multifilamenttinauhaa käytettäessä eroosioiden ilmaantuvuus oli 16–25 %, kun taas kevyttä makroporoottista monofilamenttiverkkoa käytettäessä eroosioprosentti oli 0.9. TVT-menetelmällä saavutettiin 84 %:n ja TOT menetelmällä 80 %:n subjektiivinen teho. TVT-potilaista hoitoon tyytyväisiä oli 79 % ja TOT-potilaista 74 %. Posteriorinen IVS saavutti vain 69 %:n objektiivisen tehon pohjukan laskeuman hoidossa. Potilastyytyväisyys oli samaa luokkaa, 62 %. Sen sijaan Elevate®Posterior-menetelmää käytettäessä saavutettiin käytetystä tehon määritelmästä riippuen 84–98 %:n objektiivinen teho. Subjektiivinen teho tällä menetelmällä oli 86 %. Tämän tutkimuksen perusteella tiiviin mikroporoottisen multifilamenttiverkon käyttöön liittyvä verkkoeroosioiden määrä on sietämättömän suuri. Vakiintuneiden TVT- ja TOT-menetelmien subjektiivinen teho ja potilastyytyväisyys ovat hyväksyttäviä. PIVS-metodia käytettäessä sekä objektiivinen että subjektiivinen tulos on huono, kun taas Elevate®Posterior-menetelmän ja siinä käytetyn kevyen verkon käytöstä saadut tulokset ovat lupaavia
28
Konthapakdee, Nipaporn. "Role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in urinary bladder signalling and colon-bladder cross-organ sensitization." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17766/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the role of 5-HT in bladder sensory (afferent) signalling in healthy animals and in a mouse model of colon-bladder cross-sensitization. We primarily address the effect of 5-HT and involvement of different 5-HT receptor subtypes on afferent nerve activity using in vitro extracellular nerve recordings. 5-HT is known to be a key neurotransmitter that regulates many essential roles in the body including the bowel but less is known about 5-HT's role in the urinary bladder. Moreover, research has focused on the role of 5-HT on bladder efferent nerves and muscle contraction, while the role of 5-HT on bladder afferent nerves is still an enigma. We have investigated 5-HT receptor expression in the urothelium and determined the effect of 5-HT on urothelial signaling and its contribution to bladder afferent activity, examining both mechanosensitive and spontaneous nerve firing. In addition, the role of 5-HT on bladder afferent activity was investigated in a TNBS-induced colonic inflammation model of colon-bladder cross-sensitization. Finally we examined whether the urinary bladder has an endogenous source of 5-HT. We have made a number of novel findings: (i) various 5-HT receptors transcripts were expressed in mouse urothelium with a notable exception of 5-HT3 receptors. Cultured urothelial cells examined using calcium imaging responsed directly to 5-HT demonstrating that these 5-HT receptors are functional; (ii) 5-HT exerted excitatory effect on spontaneous afferent firing but attenuated mechanosensitive responses to distension, these actions were mainly mediated through 5-HT3 receptors, and were independent from muscle contraction; (iii) the effects of 5-HT on spontaneous and mechanosensitive firing were attenuated in the post-inflammatory state of colonic TNBS-treated mice. There was an accompanying downregulation in SERT mRNA expression in the urothelium; (iv) citalopram, a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, attenuated mechanosensitive afferent discharge which was reversed by the 5-HT3 antagonist, granisetron. mRNA expression of 5-HT producing enzymes, TPH1 and TPH2, and SERT were detected in the urothelium. 5-HT positive cells were expressed in mouse urethra but not in the bladder dome. We conclude that 5-HT has the potential to modulate bladder afferent signaling by direct actions on the afferent nerves and indirect effects via the urothelium with nitric oxide playing a modulatory influence. The urothelium contains the necessary molecular machinery for endogenous 5-HT production but the extent to which this 5-HT contributes to bladder signaling in normal and diseased states requires further investigation and may represent a novel therapeutic target to treat bladder symptoms.
29
Bottrill, Odin. "Investigating the impact of different organics on calcium oxalate crystallization in a synthetic urinary environment." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/82687.
Full textAbstract:
This project looked at 16 additives on the crystallisation of calcium oxalate in a synthetic urinary medium. The additives were assessed for their impact on size, shape and number of crystals formed. It was found that the impact of the different additives was specific to the molecular shape, the number of carboxylic acid groups in the additive and the possibility of hydrogen bonding. Despite this promising candidates were identified for further investigation.
30
Hedenström, Mattias. "NMR as a tool in drug research : Structure elucidation of peptidomimetics and pilicide-chaperone complexes." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemi, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-320.
Full textAbstract:
In the last decades NMR spectroscopy has become an invaluable tool both in academic research and in the pharmaceutical industry. This thesis describes applications of NMR spectroscopy in biomedicinal research for structure elucidation of biologically active peptides and peptidomimetics as well as in studies of ligand-protein interactions. The first part of this thesis describes the theory and methodology of structure calculations of peptides using experimental restraints derived from NMR spectroscopy. This methodology has been applied to novel mimetics of the peptide hormones desmopressin and Leu-enkephalin. The results of these studies highlight the complicating issue of conformational exchange often encountered in structural determination of peptides and how careful analysis of experimental data as well as optimization of experimental conditions can enable structure determinations in such instances. Although the mimetics of both desmopressin and Leu-enkephalin were found to adopt the wanted conformations, they exhibited no or very poor biological activity. These results demonstrate the difficulties in designing peptidomimetics without detailed structural information of the receptors. A stereoselective synthetic route towards XxxΨ[CH2O]Ala pseudodipeptides is also presented. Such pseudodipeptides can be used as isosteric amide bond replacements in peptides in order to increase their resistance towards proteolytic degradation. The second part of this thesis describes the study of the interaction between compounds that inhibit pilius assembly, pilicides, and periplasmic chaperones from uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Periplasmic chaperones are key components in assembly of pili, i.e. hair-like protein complexes located on the surface of Escherichia coli that cause urinary tract infections. Detailed knowledge about this interaction is important in understanding how pilicides can inhibit pilus assembly by binding to chaperones. Relaxation-edited NMR experiments were used to confirm the affinity of the pilicides for the chaperones and chemical shift mapping was used to study the pilicide-chaperone interaction surface. These studies show that at least two interaction sites are present on the chaperone surface and consequently that two different mechanisms resulting in inhibition of pilus assembly may exist.
31
Derpapas, Alexandros. "The use of imaging in the diagnosis of lower urinary tract disorders and pelvic organ prolapse in women." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24780.
Full textAbstract:
The wide range of pelvic floor disorders is often difficult to assess thoroughly based on clinical examination alone. The assessment of patients with pelvic floor dysfunction necessitates a combination of clinical skills and adjunct investigations, including detailed imaging. A variety of static and dynamic imaging modalities are currently available in the field of urogynaecology, however their role in identifying the structural and functional causes of pelvic floor disorders remains equivocal. This thesis poses the null hypothesis that imaging techniques, namely three- and four-dimensional (3D/4D) ultrasound and spiral computed tomography (CT) have no role in clinical urogynaecology. The hypothesis would be false if such imaging techniques yield measurable differences in anatomical and functional indices of the lower urinary tract and pelvic floor. The interaction between the vagina and its supportive structures, as well as their behaviour under the mechanical load of increased abdominal pressure can be modelled as a biomechanical system; In the present thesis the changes in dimensions of the levator ani muscle (LAM) in women with pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) were measured in vivo, under progressively increased abdominal pressure, with the use of translabial ultrasound imaging demonstrating that real-time in vivo study of the deformation of the pelvic floor with 3D/4D translabial ultrasound is feasible and reliable. The reliability of translabial 3D ultrasound imaging of the urethral sphincter in non-pregnant, nulliparous and asymptomatic women was also assessed. Very good to excellent inter- and intra-observer agreement was demonstrated proving the reproducibility of a method which doesn't carry the inherent limitations of the endovaginal and transanal approach. The potential structural differences in urethral sphincter and pelvic floor between white and black women attributing to the different prevalence of stress urinary incontinence in the two racial groups were assessed with 3D ultrasound imaging. Young nulliparous black women were found to have significantly larger urethral rhabdosphincter muscle (RS) and wider levator hiatus than their white counterparts. The prevalence of pubovisceral muscle avulsion, as one of the proposed types of pelvic floor trauma during childbirth, was calculated in a general gynaecological cohort with the use of spiral CT of the pelvis. A significantly lower prevalence of pubovisceral muscle avulsion was found in the studied group in comparison to previous reports, which underlines the great variability in depiction of LAM morphometry between different imaging modalities. In chapter 8, the additive value of 3D/4D pelvic floor ultrasound in evaluating the postoperative outcome of surgical prolapse repair is studied through a randomised control trial in which two different surgical techniques for repairing posterior wall prolapse are compared. At the end of this thesis, suggestions for further research into the value of new imaging modalities in enhancing clinical assessment of women with pelvic floor dysfunction are made.
32
Rudaitis, Šarūnas. "Urodinaminių ir kitų klinikinių požymių prognozinė vertė vaikų šlapimo organų infekcijos kartojimuisi." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080415_135240-28491.
Full textAbstract:
Šlapimo organų infekcija (ŠOI) vaikams yra antra pagal dažnį po kvėpavimo organų infekcijų. Tai dažniausia vaikų nefrologinė liga. ŠOI iki 3–6 mėn. amžiaus dažniau serga berniukai, vyresniame amžiuje – mergaitės. Priešmokykliniame amžiuje mergaitės simptomine šlapimo organų infekcija serga 6–20 kartų dažniau nei berniukai. Beveik kas trečia moteris iki 24 metų ŠOI yra sirgusi bent vieną kartą, o per gyvenimą ŠOI yra sirgusi beveik kas antra moteris. ŠOI linkusi pasikartoti. Kartojantis ŠOI, liga gali įgauti lėtinę eigą, sukelti inkstų randėjimą, lėtinį inkstų funkcijos nepakankamumą (IFN), nulemti hipertenzijos atsiradimą, o moterims – nėštumo komplikacijas. 29 % vaikų, kuriems buvo atliktos inkstų transplantacijos, inkstų pažeidimas buvo sąlygotas pielonefrito ar intersticinio nefrito. Lietuvoje vaikų lėtinio IFN priežastis 31,7 proc. obstrukcinė nefropatija ir lėtinis pielonefritas. Kol nebuvo taikomas profilaktinis gydymas, 60 proc. mergaičių ir 20 proc. berniukų ŠOI pasikartodavo jau pirmaisiais metais po pirmos ŠOI. Taikant profilaktinį gydymą, 1 m. laikotarpyje po persirgtos ŠOI. infekcijos pasikartojimas sumažėjo iki 15 proc. Mažo amžiaus vaikams ŠOI pasikartojimą dažniausiai lemia įgimtos šlapimo organų anomalijos. Dauguma jaunesnio mokyklinio amžiaus vaikų, kuriems yra pasikartojanti ŠOI, turi organiškai nepakitusius šlapimo organus. Pastaruoju metu atliekamos studijos, kurių tikslas nustatyti elgesio ir funkcinių sutrikimų vertę ŠOI pasikartojimui, tačiau duomenys... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial diseases in childhood. Recurrent UTI occurs in 20 – 86% of children. Recurrent UTI is relatively frequent in girls. At the age of 7, the prevalence of recurrent UTI in boys population is 1%, in girls population – 5%. Nearly one of three women will have at least one episode of UTI requiring antimicrobial therapy by the age of 24 years. Almost half of all women will experience one UTI during their lifetime. It is known, that in the group of young children the most common reason of recurrent UTI is anatomic abnormalities, such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), hydronephrosis. However, not all recurrent UTI can be explained by anatomic abnormalities. The vast majority of school age children with recurrent UTI have anatomically normal urinary tract. We found changes in urodynamic investigation for 91.4% of children with recurrent urinary tract infection at the age of 5–18. Having a history of previous recurrent UTI is a strong risk factor for having subsequent UTI. Antibacterial characteristics of urine and other host defence mechanisms may be important signs associated with UTI risk, but have not been clearly shown to be associated with UTI in healthy persons. Recent studies discuss about the role of behavioural and functional abnormalities (inadequate fluid intake, stool retention, infrequent voiding, etc.) that can predispose recurrent urinary tract infections. Influence of some these abnormalities for recurrent... [to full text]
33
Keir, Jennifer Leslie Ann. "The Use of Urinary Biomarkers to Assess Exposures to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Other Organic Mutagens." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36114.
Full textAbstract:
Exposure to combustion emissions poses a threat to human health due to the complex mixture of toxic compounds. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one group of compounds found within this mixture, and have known carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Rates of exposure to PAHs depend on a wide range of variables including, but not limited to, demographic, geographical location, dietary habits, smoking habits, and occupation. Understanding magnitude of exposure to these compounds in various groups is imperative to highlight at-risk populations and provide appropriate exposure reduction recommendations. Here, urinary biomarkers are used as a non-invasive, convenient way to assess an individual’s exposure to combustion emissions. Urinary measurements of metabolites of individual PAHs as well as compounds indicative of a physiological condition resulting from combustion emission exposure are used to infer exposure. Pairing urinary data with information from questionnaires collecting data on possible sources of combustion by-product exposure was used to determine situations of high exposures.
This thesis investigated the influence of demographic, lifestyle, and occupational factors on urinary levels of PAH metabolites and/or urinary mutagenicity. More specifically, statistical methods were used to analyze population data compiled for the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). Smoking, age, and sex were identified as the variables most predictive of urinary PAH metabolite concentrations in Canadians. Together with the other demographic and lifestyle variables examined, 24-50% of the variation in the various PAH metabolites was explained. Furthermore, the results obtained illustrated that utilizing PAH metabolites other than the traditionally used 1-hydroxypyrene may be more suitable for certain exposure scenarios (e.g., fluorene metabolites for tobacco smoke exposure). Occupational exposures to combustion emission were investigated in firefighters as they experience above average risk of cancer, thus paired with their obvious involvement with combustion, are an ideal population to apply the use of urinary biomarkers to assess PAH and combustion exposure. The effect of participating in fire suppression activities (i.e., firefighting) on urinary levels of selected PAH metabolites and organic mutagens was examined. Levels of external PAH exposures were assessed using personal air monitoring and surface wipes of skin. Significant increases in urinary PAH metabolites and mutagenicity were seen after fire suppression events. Empirical relationships between urinary PAH metabolites and duration of fire event and skin concentrations of PAHs suggested that dermal contamination during live fire events is a major route of exposure. Overall, the results from both studies identified factors that may affect an individual’s concentrations of urinary biomarkers of combustion emission exposure. This may be used to identify at-risk populations and/or determine effective exposure reduction techniques to these hazardous compounds.
34
Mangera, Altaf. "Development of an autologous fibroblast impregnated tissue for use in urological procedures for stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse repair." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2567/.
Full textAbstract:
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) lead to significant interference in the quality of life of the millions of women affected by them. The treatment options for these women include surgical prostheses which are currently fraught with high failure and complication rates. Our aim was to explore tissue engineering as a solution to the problems of prosthetic failure. The objective was to identify suitable scaffolds that may be used to produce tissue engineered prostheses, with autologous fibroblasts, for use in women with SUI/ POP. Seven candidate scaffolds; Alloderm, cadaveric dermis, polypropylene, porcine dermis, sheep forestomach, porcine small intestinal submucosa and thermoannealed poly(l)lactic acid were investigated. We seeded 800 000 oral fibroblasts to 2cm2 of each scaffold. We assessed the metabolic activity and proliferation of attached cells using AlamarBlue and DAPI staining, contraction using serial photographs, biomechanical properties using a uniaxial tensiometer, collagen production using Sirius red and immunofluorescence staining, and extracellular matrix production using scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the effect of mechanical restraint, simple variable stress and ascorbate-2-phosphate on the above parameters of the tissue engineered prostheses were also investigated. Two scaffolds; porcine small intestinal submucosa and thermoannealed poly(l) lactic acid have been identified as suitable matrices for supporting fibroblast attachment and new extracellular matrix production. Both scaffolds showed cells proliferated and increased their metabolic activity over 14 days of culture. Immunostaining also revealed new collagen I, III and elastin. The mechanical properties of the two scaffolds when cellularised were also close to those of native tissue. We have also shown that mechanical and chemical modulation of the culture environment may be beneficial in producing tissue engineered prostheses with improved properties. Further work will now take these findings in to in vivo models.
35
Murray, Denise A. "A Data-Based Practice Model For Pessary Treatment Of Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Quality Improvement Project." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338875.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) can be treated surgically or, more conservatively, with use of a pessary. Objective: To determine if the population of women treated for POP with the use of a pessary in one Nurse Practitioner's (NP) practice demonstrated health outcomes as better, same, or needing improvement through use of a data-based practice model from encounter data extracted from the electronic health record (EHR).Design: The project design was a quality improvement (QI) project, descriptive in nature. One Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) cycle was conducted for this QI project. Setting: NP managed specialty clinic in urban Southwestern Arizona that provides services to women with POP. Patients: Ten randomly selected women who had been treated conservatively for POP with use of a pessary were identified as two subpopulations and evaluated: women who received professional management of the pessary and women who were patient managed. Intervention: The intervention was the development of a data-based practice model, using patient profile data elements derived from the documented EHR encounters of the 10 women. Measurements: Twelve scales were developed to evaluate the patient profile data elements, generating numeric scores for each encounter. Two Decision Rules were then used to evaluate numeric scores by encounter, creating primary and secondary health outcomes. Limitations: Two limitations were identified. The QI project was limited by the small sample size of 10 patients. This is however, true to PDSA guidelines that recommend small scale cycles. The data were limited as only documented data were used. Conclusions: In general, the expected outcome was the outcome observed; the provider was unaware of any women in this QI Project who were not successfully treated with use of a pessary for treatment of POP. The value of this data-based practice model is that outcomes can be aggregated across populations rather than relying on recall of individual outcomes and therefore has potential to be used regularly and systematically as a quality feedback loop, as well as on a larger scale in future PDSA cycles to determine other outcomes beyond a single provider in this or other similar clinical populations.
36
Ogunrombi, Modupe Olufunmilayo. "The effect of grapefruit juice, a P-glycoprotein inhibitor, on organic acid and conjugates urinary profile in healthy human subjects / M.O. Ogunrombi." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/411.
Full textAbstract:
P-glycoprotein (p-gp), a member of the superfamily ATP-binding cassette (ABC) is
known to be present in the absorptive enterocytes of the gastro-intestinal tract and
many other tissues in the body where it acts mainly as a defence mechanism against
exogenous assault. Defects in p-gp is speculated to result in the development of
diseases as mutations in genes are causes of numerous diseases in the metabolic
mosaic that underlies health. Due to the importance of p-gp, particularly in the
intestines, mutation of the gene encoding this protein may lead to the presence of
unusual compounds, xenobiotics in the body and the urine. It is thought that
defective p-gp in the intestine might also lead to the absorption of some metabolites
of bacterial origin and residue of digestion which normally would have been refluxed
back into the gut by the p-gp.
To investigate if defective p-gp may be involved in the manifestation of unusual
compounds and organic acids in the urine, inhibition of intestinal p-gp was proposed.
Grapefruit juice (GJ), a natural beverage commonly taken by the majority of the
populace has been reported to inhibit p-gp activity in the intestine (Spahn-Langguth & Langguth, 2001). Grapefruit juice was administered to healthy subjects in this study
and the sugars and organic acids content of the urine sample after administration was
analysed and compared with the controls (urine samples taken from the same set of
subjects before grapefruit juice administration). These were determined by thin layer
chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry respectively.
The thin layer chromatography revealed that there was no difference between the
concentrations of sugars in the control and samples after the administration of
grapefruit juice. This might indicate that the inhibition of p-gp or mutation of the gene
encoding p-gp does not result in the presence of sugars in the urine. The analysis of
organic acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry method showed a
remarkable difference between the organic acids present in the controls and urine
samples after the administration of grapefruit juice as well as their concentrations.
The organic acids solely from microbial origin were statistically analysed and the
results gave statistically significant increase in these organic acids in the adults.
There was no statistically significant increase in the children.
In conclusion, this study confirmed that grapefruit juice inhibits p-gp in the intestine
and this resulted in the presence of unusual organic acids from microbial origin in the
urine of the adults. The presence of some of these organic acids have been
indicated in some metabolic disorders and are also known to give rise to toxic effects
on brain, liver, muscle and other tissues. There is the need to do more study on p-gp
expression in children so that its functional roles and effect of the mutation of the
gene encoding this protein can be known.Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharm.))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
37
KOHEK, MARIA B. da F. "Avaliacao da excrecao urinaria de cortisol por radioimunoensaio atraves de dois metodos (extraido e nao extraido)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1992. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10304.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:37:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 01915.pdf: 720683 bytes, checksum: 792e69704da8eebe940bb7946e887376 (MD5)
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
38
Locali, Priscila Katsumi Matsuoka. "Avaliação do impacto do tratamento da incontinência urinária oculta na correção de prolapso genital estádio 3 e 4: revisão sistemática e metanálise." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-20092016-161128/.
Full textAbstract:
Mulheres com prolapso genital estádio 3 e 4 são consideradas de risco para desenvolver incontinência urinária de esforço após a correção cirúrgica do prolapso. A provável explicação para estas pacientes manterem-se, subjetivamente, continentes seria porque o prolapso poderia gerar um acotovelamento na uretra ou compressão da mesma. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o impacto de procedimentos anti-incontinência durante a correção cirúrgica de prolapso genital estádio 3 e 4 em mulheres sem sintomas de incontinência urinária de esforço. Método: Realizou-se revisão sistemática com ensaios clínicos. A casuística incluiu mulheres com prolapso genital estádio 3 e 4 sem sintomas clínicos de incontinência urinária de esforço. O desfecho primário foi a presença de incontinência urinária ou necessidade de tratamento para incontinência urinária. Os resultados serão apresentados com o risco relativo, com 95% de intervalo de confiança. Resultados: Inicialmente, 5618 estudos foram identificados com a estratégia de busca, mas apenas oito preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Realizou-se metanálise com as variáveis em comum dos estudos que tivessem mesma escala de quantificação. Observou-se que realizar qualquer procedimento anti-incontinência no mesmo momento do tratamento cirúrgico do prolapso não reduziu a incidência de incontinência urinária no pós-operatório (RR 0.61; 95%CI 0.34-1.10]). Todavia, quando os procedimentos são analisados separadamente, encontraram-se resultados distintos. O subgrupo de pacientes submetidas ao sling retropúbico foi o único que diminuiu a incidência de IUE (RR 0.09; 95%CI 0.02-0.36). Conclusão: O tratamento profilático em mulheres com prolapso genital estádio 3 e 4 com sling retropúbico reduziu a incidência de IUEWomen with high-grade pelvic organ prolapse (POP) are considered at risk of developing postoperative stress urinary incontinence (SUI) once the prolapse has been repaired The probable explanation for the patients to remain subjectively continent, is that POP can affect the urethra by urethral kinking or compression. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of anti-incontinence procedures during surgical POP correction stage 3 and 4 in women with no symptoms for stress urinary incontinence. Methods: A systematic review of randomized trials was performed. The subjects were women with severe POP and no symptoms of SUI. The primary outcomes were UI or treatment for this condition after the surgical procedure. The results were presented as relative risk (RR), with 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Results: Initially, 5618 studies were identified by the search strategy, but only eight trials met the inclusion criteria. We performed a meta-analysis with common variables of studies and with the same scale of quantification. We found that performing an anti-incontinence procedure at the same time of prolapse repair did not reduce the incidence of (SUI) post-operatively (RR 0.61; 95%CI 0.34-1.10]). However, when the types of anti-incontinence procedure were analyzed separately, we found different results. The subgroup of patients who underwent a retropubic sling surgery was the only one that benefited from the antiincontinence procedure, with a decrease in the incidence of SUI (RR 0.09; 95%CI 0.02- 0.36). Conclusions: A prophylactic treatment of women with severe POP using retropubic sling reduced the risk of SUI
39
Colla, Cássia. "Disfunções do assoalho pélvico no pós-parto imediato, um mês e três meses após o parto vaginal e cesárea." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179760.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: Devido à fatores hormonais e mecânicos, a gestação e o parto provocam alterações que podem gerar disfunções do assoalho pélvico (DAP). Os estudos sobre as DAP no puerpério a curto prazo são escassos e fazem uso assistemático de métodos avaliativos. Objetivo: Identificar e avaliar as DAP no pós-parto imediato, um mês e três meses após o parto, comparando parto vaginal (PV), cesárea eletiva (CE) e cesárea intraparto (CI). Métodos: Estudo observacional longitudinal que avaliou mulheres até 48 horas (fase 1); um mês (fase 2) e três meses após o parto (fase 3). Utilizou-se o International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ-SF); o Índice de Incontinência Anal (IA) de Jorge-Wexner; a Escala Análoga Visual (EVA) para dor pélvica; o Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system (POP-Q) e a perineometria dos Músculos do Assoalho Pélvico (MAP), além de questionário estruturado. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 227 pacientes na fase 1 (141 realizaram PV; 28 realizaram CI e 58 realizaram CE); 79 na fase 2 e 41 na fase 3. O escore do ICIQ-SF, índice de IA, EVA e perineometria não apresentaram diferenças significativas em relação ao tipo de parto. O ponto distal do colo uterino apresentou-se mais prolapsado no grupo PV. Conclusão: O tipo de parto não foi um fator significante para o desenvolvimento das DAP no pós-parto a curto prazo. Foi identificado que ocorreu recuperação fisiológica na funcionalidade dos MAP e piora na sustentação da parede vaginal anterior e no impacto da incontinência urinária na qualidade de vida ao longo dos três meses.Introduction: Due to mechanical and hormonal factors, pregnancy and childbirth triggers changes that can lead to pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). PFD studies in the immediate postpartum period are scarce and do unsystematic use of evaluation methods. Objective: To identify and evaluate the immediate, one month and three months postpartum PFD, comparing vaginal delivery (VD), elective cesarean (ECS) and cesarean indicating (ICS) during labor. Methods: This was a longitudinal observational study that assessed postpartum women after up to 48 hours (phase 1); one month (phase 2) and three months (phase 3). The study used the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ-SF); Jorge-Wexner's Anal Incontinence (AI) score; the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pelvic pain; the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System (POP-Q); and a Pelvic Floor Muscles (PFM) perineometer, as well as a structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 227 patients were assessed in phase 1 (141 had VD, 28 ICS and 58 ECS); 79 in phase 2 and 41 in phase 3. The ICIQ-SF, AI, VAS and perineometer index did not present significant differences in relation to the type of delivery. The distal point of the cervix presented more prolapse in VD. Conclusion: The type of delivery was not a significant factor for the development of postpartum PFD in the short term. The study found that there was physiological recovery of the functionality of PFM and worsening prolapse of the anterior vaginal wall and urinary incontinence over the three months.
40
Tribondeau, Philippe. "Les pelvectomies dans les rechutes des cancers du col de l'utérus : analyse et expérience de la Fondation Bergonié." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23080.
Full text
41
Pinto, Thais Villela Peterson Ambar. "Validação em português de questionário de avaliação global de sintomas relacionados às disfunções do assoalho pélvico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-09042018-092347/.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUÇÃO: Disfunções do assoalho pélvico incluem uma variedade de condições interrelacionadas, tais como prolapso de órgãos pélvicos (POP) e distúrbios urinários e defecatórios. Comumente, tais afecções são concomitantes, o que pode causar incômodo de forma significativa. Inúmeros questionários com foco nessas disfunções têm sido desenvolvidos e estão sendo utilizados em pesquisas, fornecendo informações importantes; porém, como geralmente possuem múltiplos itens, são muito complexos para serem utilizados na prática clínica. O \"Pelvic Floor Bother Questionnaire\" (PFBQ) foi delineado de forma a simplificar a identificação e o grau de incômodo relacionados a problemas comuns do assoalho pélvico, podendo ser usado na prática diária e para fins de pesquisa. Trata-se de um questionário de nove itens que avalia sintomas relacionados à incontinência urinária, urgência e frequência urinárias, dificuldade miccional, prolapso de órgãos pélvicos, evacuação obstruída, incontinência fecal e dispareunia. OBJETIVOS: Os objetivos foram validar uma versão do PFBQ adaptada para o português, assim como adapta-lo culturalmente para a língua portuguesa brasileira, atualizá-lo, e avaliar suas propriedades: confiabilidade, validade e capacidade de detectar mudanças. MÉTODOS: O PFBQ foi traduzido para o português (\"Forward Translation\") por dois tradutores independentes (sendo um deles um tradutor juramentado). Após consenso, essa versão foi traduzida para o inglês (\"Backward Translation\") por um terceiro tradutor independente. O questionário foi então testado por profissionais da saúde e em uma amostragem de 10 pacientes. Após estas etapas, a versão final do questionário foi obtida. Testes de validade foram então aplicados: confiabilidade interna, confiabilidade teste-reteste, validade dos itens e capacidade de resposta às mudanças. O PFBQ foi correlacionado com dados obtidos durante a anamnese, diários miccional e defecatório e exame pélvico, incluindo o \"Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification\" (POP-Q). Para avaliar a confiabilidade teste-reteste, cada paciente respondeu o PFBQ dentro de 1 semana a 10 dias. A capacidade de resposta às mudanças foi avaliada nas pacientes que completaram o questionário antes e após o tratamento. RESULTADOS: Entre fevereiro de 2014 e agosto de 2015, foram incluídas no estudo 147 pacientes com média de idade de 60,49 anos. As principais queixas foram: 12,2% incontinência urinária de esforço, 19% incontinência urinária mista, 6,1% perda urinária por urgência, 26,5% incontinência fecal, 18,4% evacuação obstruída e 17,7% POP (estádio 3 ou 4). O PFBQ demonstrou boa confiabilidade ( = 0,625, ICC = 0,981). Cada item do questionário apresentou concordância quase perfeita entre as avaliações (k = 0,895-1,00). O PFBQ correlacionou-se com o estadiamento do prolapso (p < 0,01), número de episódios de incontinência urinária e fecal (? = 0,791, p < 0,001; p = 0,780, p < 0,001) e evacuação obstruída (p = 0,875, p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES O \"Pelvic Floor Bother Questionnaire\" em português é uma ferramenta confiável e válida que pode ser utilizada para a identificação e avaliação da gravidade/incômodo de vários sintomas do assoalho pélvicoINTRODUCTION Pelvic floor disorders include a variety of interrelated conditions, such as pelvic organ prolapse (POP), and urinary and defecatory dysfunction. Commonly, patients have concomitant pelvic disorders, which can significantly cause distress. Numerous surveys focusing on pelvic floor abnormalities have been developed and are being used, mainly in research settings. These instruments are mostly multi-item, and despite providing a rich source of information, are thus difficult to use in a clinical setting. Shorter questionnaires have been also validated, although most of them are specific for each disorder. Pelvic Floor Bother Questionnaire (PFBQ) was designed to identify the presence and degree of bother related to common pelvic floor problems, and can be used in clinical practice and for research purposes. It is a nine-item questionnaire that includes symptoms and bother related to urinary incontinence, urinary urgency and frequency, dysuria, pelvic organ prolapse, obstructed defecation, fecal incontinence, and dyspareunia. OBJECTIVE We aimed to update and validate a cross-culturally adapted version of the PFBQ in Portuguese. METHODS Translation and validation of the PFBQ was performed as follows: After conceptual analysis of the original questionnaire in English, the PFBQ was translated into Portuguese (\"Forward Translation\") by two independent translators (one certified translator). After a consensus was obtained, this version of the questionnaire was translated back into English (\"Backward Translation\") by an independent translator. The questionnaire was pilot tested on health care professionals and on 10 patients who were questioned about form and clarity of the questions. The final version of the questionnaire was obtained. Validity tests were then applied and included internal reliability, test-retest reliability, validity of the items and responsiveness to change. PFBQ was correlated with a structured clinical interview, bladder and fecal diaries and pelvic exam, including \"Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification\" (POP-Q) examination. To assess test-retest reliability, each patient fulfilled a second copy of the PFBQ within 7 to 10 days. Responsiveness to change was accessed in patients who completed the questionnaire before and after treatment. RESULTS A total of 147 patients of a mean age 60,49 years were enrolled in the study between February 2014 and August 2015. Chief complains were as follows: 12,2% of patients had stress urinary incontinence, 19% mixed urinary incontinence, 6,1% detrusor instability, 26,5% fecal incontinence, 18,4% obstructed defecation and 17,7% had POP (stage 3 or 4). PFBQ demonstrated good reliability (alpha = 0,625; ICC = 0,981). There was a strong agreement beyond chance observed for each question (k = 0,895-1,00). PFBQ correlated with stage of prolapse (p < 0,01), number of urinary and fecal incontinence episodes ( = 0,791, p < 0,001; p = 0,780, p < 0,001), and obstructed defecation ( p =0,875, p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONS The PFBQ is a reliable and valid tool that can be easily used for the identification and severity/bother assessment of various pelvic floor symptoms
42
Perucca, Julie. "Rein, vasopressine et pression artérielle : importance de la concentration de l'urine et du rythme nycthéméral d'excrétion d'eau et de sodium." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812627.
Full textAbstract:
La vasopressine (AVP), ou hormone antidiurétique, a deux effets majeurs : 1°) des effets sur la perméabilité à l'eau du canal collecteur rénal, médiés par les récepteurs V2, qui permettent la formation d'urine hyperosmotique et donc une économie d'eau ; 2°) des effets vasoconstricteurs sur le muscle lisse vasculaire, médiés par les récepteurs V1a, qui peuvent induire un effet presseur. L'idée que l'AVP puisse jouer un rôle dans l'hypertension artérielle par ses effets vasculaires est souvent avancée, mais les travaux explorant cette hypothèse n'ont pas été concluants. Par contre, peu de travaux ont été consacrés au fait que l'AVP puisse contribuer à l'hypertension de façon indirecte, par son action sur le rein. Pourtant, on sait que l'AVP stimule la réabsorption de sodium dans le canal collecteur en augmentant l'activité du canal sodium épithélial. Il est donc concevable que, dans certains cas, les effets de l'AVP puissent produire une rétention hydrosodée susceptible d'augmenter la pression artérielle. Le but de nos travaux a été d'étudier les relations entre l'excrétion d'eau et de sodium et la pression artérielle, en tenant compte notamment du débit urinaire, de la concentration de l'urine, de l'AVP et du rythme nycthéméral d'excrétion d'eau et de sodium en relation avec celui de la pression artérielle. Nous avons réalisé des travaux expérimentaux chez le rat normal, conscient, et chez des sujets participant à diverses investigations cliniques. Les principaux résultats obtenus sont les suivants. (1) En utilisant des agonistes et des antagonistes sélectifs des récepteurs V1a et V2 in vivo chez le rat, nous avons pu montrer que l'influence de l'AVP sur l'excrétion du sodium était biphasique, du fait d'effets opposés médiés par les récepteurs V1a et V2 et de leurs seuils de réponse différents. (2) Chez l'Homme, nous avons montré que des changements d'apport sodé entraînent des changements correspondants de la concentration urinaire de sodium (qui ne sont pas immédiats), sans modification du débit urinaire, contrairement à l'idée généralement acceptée. (3) Nous avons également montré que le niveau de concentration de l'urine est très variable d'un individu à l'autre mais qu'en moyenne, les hommes ont une osmolalité urinaire plus élevée que les femmes. D'autre part, les afro-américains ont une urine significativement plus concentrée et un volume urinaire plus faible que les caucasiens et un rythme nycthéméral atténué. Chez les hommes jeunes normotendus, la pression pulsée est positivement corrélée à la concentration de l'urine. Ceci suggère que l'AVP a une action plus intense chez certains sujets et pourrait jouer un rôle dans le contrôle de la pression artérielle par ses effets V2. (4) Parmi des sujets présentant des caractéristiques du syndrome métabolique, ceux qui ont un rythme nycthéméral d'excrétion d'eau et de sodium perturbé ont une chute nocturne de pression artérielle plus faible (or, on sait que c'est d'un mauvais pronostic). Ce travail a permis pour la première fois de mettre en évidence des relations entre l'excrétion d'eau et de sodium et la pression artérielle, relations qui sont variables selon la période du nycthémère considérée et dans lesquelles l'AVP est probablement impliquée. Nos études ouvrent ainsi de nouvelles pistes de recherche sur le rôle potentiel de cette hormone dans certaines pathologies cardiovasculaires et rénales qui pourraient, à terme, conduire à l'utilisation d'antagonistes des récepteurs V2 de l'AVP dans le traitement de ces pathologies.
43
Siddiqua, Roquea. "Studies on urolithiasis with special reference to phosphocitrate and its analogue N-sulpho-2-amino tricarballylate." Thesis, 1986. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/21570/1/whole_SiddiquaRoquea1987_thesis.pdf.
Full text
44
Brown, MR. "The synthesis of two phosphocitrate analogues and their effectiveness as calcification inhibitors." Thesis, 1985. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/18917/1/whole_BrownMalcolmRoy1984_thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The synthesis of two structural analogues of the naturally occurring compound phosphocitrate (PC) was investigated, with a view to producing compounds more enzymatically stable than PC, yet with similar anti-calcifying properties. It was envisaged that such compounds might prove to be suitable agents for preventing the deposition of insoluble calcium salts associated with pathological calcification, especially kidney stones.
The analogues sought were the sulphamate and phosphoramidate derivatives of PC; namely N-phospho-2-amino tricarballylate (PAT) and N-sulpho-2-amino tricarballylate (SAT). The preparation of PAT, which was ultimately achieved after investigating a number of unsuccessful synthetic routes, involved two distinct stages: a) synthesis of a new precursor in trimethyl 2-amino tricarballylate, and b) coupling of the latter compound with 2-cyanoethyl phosphate, followed by alkaline hydrolysis. The preparation of SAT was effected by the coupling of 2-amino tricarballylate with pyridine-sulphur trioxide. The same synthetic route was also utilized to yield [\(^{35}\)S]-labelled SAT.
Systems which were developed to aid in the ultimate purification and characterization of synthetic products included ion-exchange and thin layer chromatography, electrophoresis, isotachophoresis and chemical assays. Additional structural proof of the new compounds was obtained through [\(^1\)H]-NMR and infra-red spectroscopy.
The ability of the PC analogues to inhibit calcification in vitro was assessed. PAT was as potent as PC in preventing hydroxyapatite formation, while SAT was less potent but still a strong inhibitor. Both compounds also inhibited calcium oxalate crystallization, the order of potency being PC > SAT >> PAT.
The chemical and biological stabilities of the molecules were studied. In vitro, PAT was found to be readily hydrolyzed at acid pH, unstable at neutral pH and susceptible to the action of alkaline phosphatase. SAT was shown to be completely stable at neutral and alkaline pH, relatively stable in acid and totally resistant to the actions of the hydrolytic enzymes sulphamatase and sulphatase. The stability of SAT was confirmed in vivo from metabolic studies utilizing [\(^{35}\) S]-SAT. When given orally, SAT was well absorbed across the gut and rapidly cleared unchanged to the urine from blood and all tissues.
The effectiveness of the compounds in arresting renal calcification in vivo was also studied using well established test systems. Comparisons were made with other inhibitors including PC. SAT was proven capable of inhibiting calcium oxalate crystallization, whereas PC and PAT were ineffective. With hydroxyapatite formation, different trends were observed; PAT and SAT had no effect whereas PC produced pronounced inhibition. Rationalization of these findings have been given.
Results presented suggest that, in terms of future possible therapeutic value, PAT would be unsuitable, whereas PC and SAT might prove useful under certain situations. The studies help define further the structure-activity relationships of PC and its new analogues in terms of anti-calcifying potential and stability. On this basis, avenues for future research are discussed for the development of further inhibitor molecules that might have greater activity and hence ultimately prove more useful agents for stone prevention.
45
Liu, Chang. "The Function of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma in the Urothelium." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D80C6BWW.
Full textAbstract:
The urothelium is a stratified epithelium that serves as a barrier between the urinary tract and blood. It consists of terminally differentiated umbrella cells, which are specialized for synthesizing and assembling uroplakins into a tough apical plaque and responsible for the barrier function; intermediate cells which are few in number but serve as umbrella cell progenitors; and unipotent basal cells, which populate the majority of the urothelium. The urothelium is one of the most quiescent epithelia in the body but can rapidly regenerate in response to damage.
The urothelium is also a source of cells that give rise to bladder cancer. Patients with chronic inflammation caused by indwelling catheters or repeated urinary tract infections have a higher risk of developing bladder cancer. Bladder cancers with squamous histological features are considered to be more aggressive with poor prognosis and the majority are categorized as basal subtype. The expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma (PPARG) is strongly down regulated in the basal subtype of bladder cancer, suggesting that its removal might be essential in tumorigenesis.
PPARG is a nuclear hormone receptor that was originally described as a master regulator of adipogenesis but could also promote cellular differentiation in a number of epithelium. PPARG also serves as an important regulator in anti-inflammatory activity after a variety of injuries, acting in part by antagonizing the NF-B pathway. In urothelial cells, it has been shown that PPARG promotes urothelial differentiation in vitro, but its function in vivo remains unexplored.
To determine the role of PPARG in vivo, we used Cre-Lox recombination to conditionally delete the Pparg gene in the mouse urothelium using the ShhCre driver, which drives recombination in basal and intermediate cells, and their respective daughters. Interestingly, ShhCre;Ppargfl/fl mutants lack umbrella and intermediate cells which normally populate the luminal and sub-luminal layers, and are instead populated with an abnormal cell population negative for classical urothelial markers. The basal compartment, which in wild type mice is largely populated by P63+ KRT5+ basal cells with a small sub-population expressing KRT14; has an increased number of KRT14-expressing cells in the mutants and exhibits squamous features that are not present in the normal urothelium.
In wild type animals, urinary tract infection (UTI) with uropathogenic E.coli results in a transient innate immune response, followed by proliferation and repair, which is largely complete within 2 weeks. When ShhCre;Ppargfl/fl mutants were challenged with urinary tract infection, the innate immune response was not resolved even after several weeks, as characterized by persistent NF-B activity, excessive influx of neutrophils and macrophages, and massive granulation tissue in the stroma. In addition, the Pparg-knockout urothelium exhibited squamous metaplasia. The Krt14+ basal cell population, which is considered to be the cells of origin of bladder cancer, greatly expanded in the Pparg-deleted urothelium after infection, and some lesions progressed to acquire invasive features.
Together these findings suggest that PPARG is essential for the normal differentiation of the urothelium and is a potent regulator of the inflammatory response after UTI. Understanding the link between the loss of PPARG, chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis in the urothelium could shed light on the urothelial differentiation network and pave the way for the development of therapeutic approaches to various urinary diseases.
46
"Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: how can we further optimeze its results?" Thesis, 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6075029.
Full textAbstract:
Conclusion This series of investigations demonstrated how we can apply our knowledge to improve the treatment outcome of ESWL. Based on clinical information, such as age, suitable candidates for ESWL can be identified, and hence better application of ESWL can be achieved. With an understanding of the benefits and limitations of imaging (NCCT and intravenous urography), treatment success can be predicted, and better treatment plans for patients can be formulated. A policy of more liberal use of analgesia during ESWL can also help to improve the treatment outcomes of patients. Finally, with the use of different assessment methods, the true impact of various new technologies or treatment protocols can be assessed, and the results can lead to better understanding of ESWL and also improvement in the treatment outcomes.Materials and Methods In a retrospective review of treatment information of 2192 patients, the effect of age on stone-free rates after ESWL was assessed. Next, in a prospective study, the role of stone parameter, measured using non-contrast computerized tomography (NCCT), in predicting the treatment outcomes of upper ureteric stones was examined. The general applicability of caliceal pelvic height (CPH) in determining the treatment outcomes for lower caliceal stones for three different lithotriptors was assessed in the third study. In another retrospective comparative study, the effect on treatment outcomes of additional usage of intravenous analgesic during ESWL, as compared to oral analgesic premedication alone, was analyzed. Finally, the feasibility of the use of two statistical methods, logistic regression and matched-pair analysis, in comparing the treatment results of different lithotriptors was investigated.
Objectives Despite the initial success of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), the performance of the contemporary machines has never been as good as that of the first-generation machine. Therefore, a series of studies was conducted to advance the current knowledge of ESWL and investigate possible ways to further optimize the treatment outcomes.
Results We found that the stone-free rate after ESWL for older patients with renal stones, but not for those with ureteric stones, was significantly lower than that of younger patients. Stone parameters measured using NCCT, namely, mean stone density, stone volume, and skin-to-stone distance, were significant predictive factors for successful ESWL for upper ureteric stones. However, caliceal pelvic height, measured by intravenous urography, was a significant predictor of treatment outcomes of lower caliceal stones for only the Piezolith 2300 lithotriptor, and not the other two types of lithotriptors. The additional usage of intravenous analgesic improved the effectiveness quotient and hence treatment outcomes of ESWL. Finally, both logistic regression and matched-pair analysis were found to be feasible approaches for the comparison of the performance of different lithotriptors.
Chi-Fai Ng.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-02, Section: B, page: .
Thesis (M.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 224-243).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
47
Μπουρόπουλος, Κωνσταντίνος. "Ουρολιθίαση: μηχανισμοί ευθυνόμενοι για τον σχηματισμό και την διάλυση λίθων από οξαλικό ασβέστιο." Thesis, 1999. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/2989.
Full text
48
Bramley, Allan Sidney. "A study of the growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate monohydrate / by Allan Sidney Bramley." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18598.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 278-289.xi, 324 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
This thesis reports on experimental investigation of the growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate mono-dydrate in metastable saline solutions using batch and continuous systems. The physical chemistry of calcium oxalate mono-hydrate in aqueous solutions is considered. A tubular crystalliser to be used as an in vitro system is described.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1996?
49
Λιάτσικος, Ευάγγελος. "Επίδραση της θερμικής ενέργειας δια μέσου μικροκυμάτων στον προστάτη του ενηλίκου." Thesis, 1998. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/2878.
Full text
50
"The effect of shock wave delivery rate on stone clearance, pain tolerance and renal injury in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy." 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894729.
Full textAbstract:
by Lo, Kin Yin Anthony.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-195).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Declaration --- p.V
Publications and Conference Presentations --- p.vi
Scholarships and Awards --- p.vii
Acknowledgements --- p.viii
Table of contents --- p.X
Abbreviations --- p.xiv
List of Figures --- p.xvi
List of Tables --- p.xvii
Chapter 1. --- General Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 2. --- Literature Review --- p.7
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction of nephrolithasis and surgical management --- p.9
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Epidemology and physiochemistry --- p.9
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Surgical management of nephrolithasis parallel with stone factors --- p.15
Chapter 2.2 --- Extracorpoeral Shock Wave Lithotripsy in present study --- p.17
Chapter 2.2.1 --- The 4th generation - Sonolith Vision electroconductive lithotripter --- p.18
Chapter 2.2.2 --- The role of shock wave delivery rate in treatment outcome and its prediction --- p.23
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Patient-controlled analgesia during Shock Wave Lithotripsy treatment and its pain management --- p.29
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Shock wave induced renal injury & the use of urinary biomarker --- p.35
Chapter 3. --- Materials and Methods --- p.62
Chapter 3.1 --- Study Design --- p.63
Chapter 3.2 --- Patient Selection --- p.64
Chapter 3.3 --- Treatment Protocol --- p.63
Chapter 3.4 --- Sample size calculation --- p.68
Chapter 3.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.68
Chapter 4. --- The effect of shock wave delivery rate on treatment outcome and its prediction --- p.69
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.70
Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.72
Chapter 4.2.1 --- ESWL treatment protocol --- p.72
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Outcome Assessment --- p.73
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Mathematical model development --- p.75
Chapter 4.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.76
Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.77
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Baseline characteristics and treatment modalities --- p.78
Chapter 4.3.2 --- ESWL treatment outcome --- p.79
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Mathematical model --- p.81
Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.82
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Overall treatment outcome improved by the use of slower rate --- p.82
Chapter 4.4.2 --- When should we use fast/slow rate? --- p.86
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Mathematical model to predict ESWL outcome --- p.88
Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.91
Chapter 5. --- The role of shock wave delivery rate and patient-controlled analgesia in pain --- p.101
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.102
Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.104
Chapter 5.2.1 --- ESWL treatment protocol and PCA settings --- p.104
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Outcome Assessment --- p.105
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.107
Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.108
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Baseline characteristics and treatment modalities --- p.108
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Pain experience and satisfaction with PCA at different shock wave delivery rates --- p.108
Chapter 5.3.3 --- Correlation between rate pain --- p.110
Chapter 5.3.4 --- Vital signs --- p.110
Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.111
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Adverse complication was mild with PCA using alfentanil --- p.111
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Less pain experience with 60 SWs/min --- p.112
Chapter 5.4.3 --- Why PCA usage was the same in both groups? --- p.112
Chapter 5.4.4 --- No correlation with treatment outcome --- p.114
Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusion --- p.115
Chapter 6. --- "The relations among rate of shock wave delivery, induced renal injury and acute complications" --- p.128
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.129
Chapter 6.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.130
Chapter 6.2.1 --- ESWL treatment protocol --- p.130
Chapter 6.2.2 --- Outcome Assessment --- p.131
Chapter 6.2.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.136
Chapter 6.3 --- Results --- p.137
Chapter 6.3.1 --- Baseline characteristics and treatment modalities --- p.137
Chapter 6.3.2 --- Quality control of creatinine and NAG --- p.137
Chapter 6.3.3 --- Standard curves ofIL-18 and NGAL --- p.137
Chapter 6.3.4 --- Higher levels of urinary NAG and IL-18 in 60 SWs/min group --- p.138
Chapter 6.3.5 --- Similar levels of urinary NGAL in both groups --- p.138
Chapter 6.3.6 --- Unplanned hospital visits were similar in both groups --- p.139
Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion --- p.140
Chapter 6.4.1 --- More tubular damages caused by slower rate --- p.140
Chapter 6.4.2 --- Escalated inflammatory activities in 60 SWs/min --- p.141
Chapter 6.4.3 --- Vascular damage and ischemic insults were the same in both groups? --- p.142
Chapter 6.4.4 --- Post-operative complications are similar in both groups --- p.142
Chapter 6.4.5 --- 60 SWs/min vs. 120 SWs/min - What makes the difference in renal injury? --- p.143
Chapter 6.5 --- Conclusion --- p.145
Chapter 7. --- Discussion --- p.154
Chapter 7.1 --- General discussion --- p.155
Chapter 8. --- Conclusion --- p.158
Chapter 8.1 --- General conclusion --- p.159
Appendix --- p.160
Appendix I --- p.161
Appendix II --- p.163
References --- p.167