Academic literature on the topic 'Urinary organs – Diseases'
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Journal articles on the topic "Urinary organs – Diseases"
1
Stepchenkov, Roman Petrovich. "Indications and Contraindications for Cystography, Diagnostic Value of the Method." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 10 (September 27, 2020): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2010-08.
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Diseases of the urinary system are quite common, both among adults and among children. If, in case of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urinary organs, an assessment of the clinical picture and general analysis of the urine is sufficient to make a diagnosis, in a number of other situations — trauma and rupture of the bladder, abnormalities of its development, malignant neoplasms — visualization of the organ is needed. One of these diagnostic methods is cystography.
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Chemidronov, S. N., A. V. Kolsanov, and G. N. Suvorova. "A new concept of pelvic floor support function: Striated–smooth muscle complex." Pacific Medical Journal, no. 3 (September 21, 2023): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2023-3-32-38.
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Pelvic floor and perineum muscles play an important role in the formation of an apparatus supporting pelvic organs. The functional insufficiency of myofascial structures frequently leads to the development of urinary and fecal incontinence, erectile dysfunction, prolapse of internal organs, and perineal hernias formation. Back in the 20th century, morphologists focused on the skeletal muscles in pelvic floor and perineum, highlighting their leading role in supporting organs and creating intraabdominal pressure. However, in the past two decades, particular attention has been paid to the smooth muscle structures and their relationship with the musculoskeletal system in the pelvic outlet area. The new concept of the striated–smooth muscle complex provides the basis for revising various aspects of pelvic organ prolapse and urinary and fecal incontinence pathophysiology. We believe that this may lead to improved early diagnosis and prevention of diseases of the pelvic floor and perineum.
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Varga, Gino, Ulrich Honemeyer, and Kazuo Maeda. "Trophoblastic Diseases." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 1 (2012): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1224.
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ABSTRACT Trophoblastic diseases are mainly hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma, where the latter is usually the sequela of molar pregnancy and malignant systemic disease with general metastases destructing various tissues and organs till she die. High level urinary hCG, real-time B-mode and color Doppler imaging detect hydatidiform mole in early gestation, postmolar persistent trophoblastic disease is diagnosed by urinary hCG, and treated by prophylactic chemotherapy against choriocarcinoma. Uterine choriocarcinoma and its metastases are diagnosed by hCG and B-mode, color and power Doppler and 3D images detecting rich tumor blood flow. Most choriocarcinoma was effectively treated by primary chemotherapy with methotrexate, etoposide, etc. Until complete remission where hCG is lower than the cut-off level. Placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) and epitheloid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) were low in hCG level and high in human placental lactogen (hPL), and show rich tumor blood flow in color Doppler ultrsound. Nongestational choriocarcinoma is rare and usually chemotherapy resistant. How to cite this article Maeda K, Kurjak A, Varga G, Honemeyer U. Trophoblastic Diseases. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(1):27-42.
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Eberman, A. L. "ABOUT FEMALE URETRIT." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 5, no. 5 (August 7, 2020): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd55435-444.
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I hope that my comrades will not condemn me for such an apparently insignificant topic, which I have chosen for today's report; I chose her because they paid and pay little attention to the urethritis of women and, in general, to the diseases of their urinary canal, - and very little about the diseases of this canal comes across in the manuals; a more extensive treatise we find in the surgery of Pitha-Billroth T. XI, processed by Winckel. In gynecology of various authors about diseases of urinary organs, it is said in passing and, in general, very little. And it is very understandable that gynecologists, busy with a more important organ - the organ of support of the human race, pay little or no attention to this small vessel - the urethra; but this short water supply of the female body does not easily cause not a little suffering, which is often attributed to uterine suffering, between which he is the cause of all suffering.
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Arkhipov, Evgenii V., Railya V. Garipova, and Leonid A. Strizhakov. "Occupational malignant neoplasms of the kidney and urinary tract." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 63, no. 12 (December 29, 2023): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2023-63-12-835-840.
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The epidemiological characteristics of many occupational lesions of the urinary tract organs remain poorly understood and unspecified, since they are described only as sporadic individual or group cases.
Diseases arising from exposure to industrial carcinogens remain an urgent problem in occupational health. Unfortunately, today there is a low detection rate of occupational malignancies of any localization. Occupational oncological diseases with damage to the kidneys and urinary tract develop as a result of direct contact with a production factor with a carcinogenic effect.
The analysis of the conducted studies devoted to the problem of occupational oncological lesions of the kidneys and urinary tract, the frequency of which remains underestimated due to their latent clinical course and the influence of environmental factors, which requires further study of this issue.
For timely diagnosis of malignant neoplasms of the urinary system organs after reaching the length of service of five years, it is recommended to conduct an ultrasound examination of the kidneys and urinary tract and cystoscopy once every five years at the center of occupational pathology for persons working in contact with carcinogens.
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Shumytskyi, A. V., O. A. Burka, and T. M. Tutchenko. "Criteria for the diagnosis of infectious lesions of the lower urinary tract and pelvic organs." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 10(146) (December 30, 2019): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2019.146.101.
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Urinary tract infections are the third most prevalent in humans after respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. In fact, bacterial infections of the urinary tract are the most common cause of both hospital and community hospital infections in patients. Pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) are infectious inflammatory diseases of the upper female genital tract. In addition, the infection can also spread to the abdomen. The classic patient with a high risk of developing a PMTCT is, first and foremost, a woman with multiple sexual partners and unprotected sex. Key words: urethritis, PID, laboratory diagnostics, PCR, cultural research.
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Maltsev, S. V. "EVOLUTION OF IDEAS ABOUT URINARY SYSTEM INFECTION IN CHILDREN." Pediatria. Journal named after G.N. Speransky 101, no. 3 (June 17, 2022): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.24110/0031-403x-2022-101-3-199-204.
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The article presents information on the terminological concepts in the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the organs of the urinary system (OUS), as well as the existing views on the criteria for their diagnosis. The modern views on the microbiome and virom of the urinary system, their role in the development of inflammatory diseases in the OUS and the pathways of invasion of infection into the kidneys. The causes, mechanisms of development and progression of renal infection are isolated, including the importance of the structural kidney anomalies and urinary tract, the role of formation of inflammasomes, biofilm and intracellular bacterial communities. Special attention is paid to modern approaches to the prevention and treatment of urinary system infections in children.
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Zakharova, I. N., I. M. Osmanov, E. B. Machneva, E. B. Mumladze, O. V. Brazhnikova, A. N. Gavelya, A. N. Kasyanova, and I. N. Lupan. "Urinary cylinders: what pediatrician and nephrologist need to know." Medical Council, no. 11 (July 18, 2019): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2019-11-118-125.
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Clinical urine test with the correct interpretation can help the clinician in the diagnosis of the urinary system diseases, as well as other organs and systems. Most laboratories in medical institutions are currently switching to an automated urinary sediment test, but microscopy appears relevant. Unfortunately, clinicians often interpret only three or four (most often proteinuria, leukocyturia and erythrocyturia) of all the numerous indicators of urine test, unfairly ignoring the others. The urinary cylinders are one of these important elements of the urinary sediment. The article presents the characteristics of the main types of urinary cylinders, their origin, composition, morphology and clinical significance.
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Simon, Vasile, Sorin Marian Dudea, Nicolae Crisan, Vasile Dan Stanca, Marina Dudea-Simon, Iulia Andras, Zoltan Attila Mihaly, and Ioan Coman. "Elastography in the Urological Practice: Urinary and Male Genital Tract, Prostate Excluded—Review." Diagnostics 12, no. 7 (July 16, 2022): 1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071727.
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The aim of this article is to review the utility of elastography in the day-to-day clinical practice of the urologist. An electronic database search was performed on PubMed and Cochrane Library with a date range between January 2000 and December 2021. The search yielded 94 articles that passed the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles were reviewed and discussed by organ, pathology and according to the physical principle underlying the elastographic method. Elastography was used in the study of normal organs, tumoral masses, chronic upper and lower urinary tract obstructive diseases, dysfunctions of the lower urinary tract and the male reproductive system, and as a pre- and post-treatment monitoring tool. Elastography has numerous applications in urology, but due to a lack of standardization in the methodology and equipment, further studies are required.
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Mikhailov, M. K., R. F. Akberov, K. Sh Ziyatdinov, and A. Z. Appakova. "Ray methods of investigation in the diagnosis of hepatopancreatoduodenal region and urinary system organs diseases." Kazan medical journal 74, no. 2 (April 15, 1993): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj64648.
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Based on the examination of 617 patients, using current ray investigation methods sonography, roentgenological methods, computer aided tomograpgy, relaxative duodenography, the authors have determined their resolving capacity in the diagnosis of hepatopancreatoduodenal region and urinary system organs diseases. It is stated that their integral application allows to make a correct diagnosis in 98% of observations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urinary organs – Diseases"
1
Chen, Hong-I. "Physiological and pharmacological studies of lower urinary tract smooth muscles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e73d80a0-9cfd-4959-bfc7-cd2576fcc1dc.
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Martinez, Marila Gaste [UNESP]. "Avaliação dos diferentes métodos de análise do dismorfismo eritrocitário, assim como a quantificação da proteinúria e a albuminúria na determinação da origem de hematúria." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95178.
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000747190.pdf: 1418817 bytes, checksum: b247c3f9bf3c90821dabe9c5f9e0cf21 (MD5)Há discordância na literatura quanto à necessidade da realização da microscopia de fase para avaliação da origem da hematúria (glomerular ou não glomerular), isso mostra a necessidade de mais estudos para validar as modalidades de avaliação morfológica da hematúria. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar o melhor ponto de corte da porcentagem dos diferentes padrões de células dismórficas na detecção da hematúria glomerular pelo microscópio óptico convencional e contraste de fase, verificar se a presença de proteinúria ou albuminúria pode auxiliar no diagnóstico da origem da hematúria e determinar o melhor ponto de corte para este parâmetro. Foram avaliadas de maneira cega 131 amostras de urina sendo 66 amostras de portadores de glomerulopatias e 65 amostras dos portadores de litíase renal da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu. Utilizaram-se amostras isoladas com densidade >1007 e com mais de 5 hemácias por campo de grande aumento. Verificou-se a presença e a porcentagem de codócitos e acantócitos tanto em microscópio óptico convencional com sedimento fresco e fixado submetidos à coloração de Papanicolaou e Panótico rápido LB e sedimento urinário fresco avaliado em microscópio de contraste de fase, além de determinar o índice de proteinúria e o índice de albuminúria. Os resultados desses métodos foram comparados entre si. Realizou-se regressão linear e diagrama de Bland-Altman das hemácias dismórficas para comparar os diferentes métodos. Curvas ROC foram traçadas para determinar a área sob a curva (ASC) e o melhor ponto de corte (PC) foi determinado pela maior soma de sensibilidade e especificidade. Nesse ponto foram calculadas a sensibilidade (S) e especificidade (Es), Valor Preditivo Positivo (VPP) e Valor Preditivo Negativo (VPN). No microscópio óptico convencional com sedimento urinário fresco, a ASC do dismorfismo eritrocitário total foi a que apresentou...
There is disagreement over the literature regarding the performance of phase microscopy to assess the origin f hematuria (glomerular or nonglomerular). This shows the need for further investigation in order to validate the best form of morphological evaluation of hematuria. The aims of this study were to determine the optimal cutoff point percentage for different patterns of dysmorphic cells in the detection of glomerular hematuria by conventional optical microscopy and phase contrast microscopy, to verify whether the presence of proteinuria or albuminuria may assist in the diagnosis of hematuria and also to establish an optimal cutoff point for this parameter. One hundred thirty-one urine samples were blinded evaluated at the Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, 66 samples of patients with glomerulopathies and 65 samples of patients with nephrolithiasis. Isolated samples with density greater than 1007 and with more than 5 erythrocytes per high-power field were used. The presence and percentage of codocytes and acanthocytes were verified by conventional optical microscopy using fresh and fixed urinary sediment subjected to Papanicolaou and Panótico Rápido LB staining and fresh urinary sediment was evaluated by phase contrast microscopy. Proteinuria and albuminuria rates were determined. The results of these methods were compared using linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman diagram of dysmorphic red blood cells. ROC curve plots were generated to determine the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and also an optimal cutoff point with the highest sum of sensitivity and specificity. At this point, it was possible to calculate sensitivity (TPR) and specificity (ES), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). In conventional optical microscope with fresh urinary sediment, the AUC of total dysmorphic erythrocytes showed the best result for the diagnosis of hematuria with AUC (IC 95%) ...
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Martinez, Marila Gaste. "Avaliação dos diferentes métodos de análise do dismorfismo eritrocitário, assim como a quantificação da proteinúria e a albuminúria na determinação da origem de hematúria /." Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95178.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Luis Cuadrado MartinCoorientador: Vanessa dos Santos Silva
Banca: Adriana Polachino do Vale
Banca: Maria Almerinda Vieira Fernandes
Resumo: Há discordância na literatura quanto à necessidade da realização da microscopia de fase para avaliação da origem da hematúria (glomerular ou não glomerular), isso mostra a necessidade de mais estudos para validar as modalidades de avaliação morfológica da hematúria. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar o melhor ponto de corte da porcentagem dos diferentes padrões de células dismórficas na detecção da hematúria glomerular pelo microscópio óptico convencional e contraste de fase, verificar se a presença de proteinúria ou albuminúria pode auxiliar no diagnóstico da origem da hematúria e determinar o melhor ponto de corte para este parâmetro. Foram avaliadas de maneira cega 131 amostras de urina sendo 66 amostras de portadores de glomerulopatias e 65 amostras dos portadores de litíase renal da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu. Utilizaram-se amostras isoladas com densidade >1007 e com mais de 5 hemácias por campo de grande aumento. Verificou-se a presença e a porcentagem de codócitos e acantócitos tanto em microscópio óptico convencional com sedimento fresco e fixado submetidos à coloração de Papanicolaou e Panótico rápido LB e sedimento urinário fresco avaliado em microscópio de contraste de fase, além de determinar o índice de proteinúria e o índice de albuminúria. Os resultados desses métodos foram comparados entre si. Realizou-se regressão linear e diagrama de Bland-Altman das hemácias dismórficas para comparar os diferentes métodos. Curvas ROC foram traçadas para determinar a área sob a curva (ASC) e o melhor ponto de corte (PC) foi determinado pela maior soma de sensibilidade e especificidade. Nesse ponto foram calculadas a sensibilidade (S) e especificidade (Es), Valor Preditivo Positivo (VPP) e Valor Preditivo Negativo (VPN). No microscópio óptico convencional com sedimento urinário fresco, a ASC do dismorfismo eritrocitário total foi a que apresentou ...
Abstract: There is disagreement over the literature regarding the performance of phase microscopy to assess the origin f hematuria (glomerular or nonglomerular). This shows the need for further investigation in order to validate the best form of morphological evaluation of hematuria. The aims of this study were to determine the optimal cutoff point percentage for different patterns of dysmorphic cells in the detection of glomerular hematuria by conventional optical microscopy and phase contrast microscopy, to verify whether the presence of proteinuria or albuminuria may assist in the diagnosis of hematuria and also to establish an optimal cutoff point for this parameter. One hundred thirty-one urine samples were blinded evaluated at the Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, 66 samples of patients with glomerulopathies and 65 samples of patients with nephrolithiasis. Isolated samples with density greater than 1007 and with more than 5 erythrocytes per high-power field were used. The presence and percentage of codocytes and acanthocytes were verified by conventional optical microscopy using fresh and fixed urinary sediment subjected to Papanicolaou and Panótico Rápido LB staining and fresh urinary sediment was evaluated by phase contrast microscopy. Proteinuria and albuminuria rates were determined. The results of these methods were compared using linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman diagram of dysmorphic red blood cells. ROC curve plots were generated to determine the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and also an optimal cutoff point with the highest sum of sensitivity and specificity. At this point, it was possible to calculate sensitivity (TPR) and specificity (ES), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). In conventional optical microscope with fresh urinary sediment, the AUC of total dysmorphic erythrocytes showed the best result for the diagnosis of hematuria with AUC (IC 95%) ...
Mestre
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Roy, L. Paul. "Studies related to diseases affecting the kidney and urinary tract in children and their management." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1819.
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Publications 1-49 represent studies that I have undertaken myself or conjointly over a 34 year period to investigate a variety of issues relating to diseases of the kidney and urinary tract in children. The studies were carried out at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Camperdown when I was Clinical Superintendent from 1968 - 1970; The Department of Paediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA when I was Overseas Research Fellow of the Post Graduate Foundation in Medicine, University of Sydney, 1970 - 1972, then as Staff Physician in Nephrology at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Camperdown, 1972 - 1977, and then Head of that Department at the Hospital until 1995 and then as an Honorary Staff Specialist at that hospital. Some of the studies were done conjointly with members of the Renal Unit of Royal Prince Alfred Hospital where I hold an Honorary appointment and others conjointly with members of the Renal Unit of Prince Henry Hospital, Little Bay. I was appointed Clinical Associate Professor to the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney in 1993. In 1966 paediatric nephrology was in the early phase of development as a medical subspecialty. There was no definitive textbook, the first was published in 1975 (Pediatric Nephrology, Ed. Mitchell I. Rubin. Williams and Wilkins.). In the preface to the 2nd edition of Renal Disease (Blackwell) in 1967 the editor D.A.K. Black noted that he had included a chapter on paediatric aspects which had been planned for the 1st edition in 1962 but ”it could not be arranged”. In the chapter on Renal Disease in Children the author, D.Macauly, comments that the mortality rate of acute renal failure in children was 50%. When I joined the resident staff of the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children in 1966, children with renal disease were managed by general paediatricians. There was no active program for the treatment of children with acute or chronic renal failure. A small number of kidney biopsies had been performed by Dr Trefor Morgan who, together with Dr Denis Wade, had taught me the technique while I was a resident medical officer at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in the preceding year. With the guidance and support of Dr S.E.J. Robertson and Dr C. Lee, Honorary Medical Officers, and Dr R.D.K. Reye, Head of the Department of Pathology, I began performing kidney biopsies on children at the request of the paediatrician in charge. In the same year, encouraged again by Doctors Robertson and Lee, and by J.C.M. Friend and J. Brown, I introduced peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of children with acute renal failure, a technique which I had also been taught by Dr Trefor Morgan whilst I was a resident at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. Dr Robertson encouraged me to present my experience in percutaneous renal biopsy in children at the Annual Meeting of the Australian Paediatric Association in 1968 and this study became the first paper I published in relation to disease of the urinary tract in children (1). In 1970 I was granted an Overseas Research Fellowship by the Post Graduate Foundation in Medicine, University of Sydney, to enable me to undertake a fellowship in the Department of Paediatrics at the University of Minnesota. I had the great fortune in undertaking studies in the new discipline of paediatric nephrology and related research under the guidance of Dr A. F. Michael, Dr R.L.Vernier and Dr A. Fish. I acquired the techniques of immunopathology and electron microscopy. On my return to Australia I established a Department of Nephrology at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children. I introduced immunofluorescent and electron microscopic studies for the kidney biopsies that I continued to perform and, with the support of Dr R.D.K. Reye, I provided the official reports of these studies until 1990. As a result these studies became part of the histopathologic service provided by the hospital. I continue to be consulted concerning the interpretation of some electron microscopic findings in renal tissue. With the assistance of Dr J.D. Harley I set up a laboratory in the Children’s Medical Research Foundation to continue and expand the studies I had commenced during my Fellowship. Establishing a dialysis and transplant program for children with end stage renal disease (ESRD) was extremely time consuming. At that time most children with ESRD died. The program was initially established jointly with the Renal Unit at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in 1972 and eventually dialysis facilities were established at the Children’s Hospital using predominantly peritoneal dialysis. By 1978 the existence of the Unit was well known in the general community and articles appeared in the press. One prompted the late Sir Lorimer Dods, the first Professor of Paediatrics in Australia to write to me congratulating me on what I had achieved. He remarked “I have just read with special interest Shaun’s review in the SMH of some of your recent achievements in the field of renal failure in infancy and childhood and want to offer you my personal congratulations on all that you have achieved and are achieving in this area of paediatrics which, in my little world of yesterday, meant nothing more than progressive and unrelenting fatal illness”. Taking part in the development of a relatively new discipline led me to study a number of areas. I encouraged trainees to write reports concerning clinical observations and eventually I was joined by Fellows whom I encouraged and supported to study a number of different areas to ensure that children were being cared for in an environment of strong and open enquiry. This led to studies on investigations of chronic renal failure which Dr Elisabeth Hodson pursued and studies on urinary tract infection in small children for which Dr Jonathon Craig was awarded a PhD. As I had been a contributor and co-author in a number of these studies they have been included in my list of publications. As a result of this diversity I have listed the publications in 9 sections. The overall theme is to study diseases of the renal tract in children and treatments used to understand the processes and ensure the most effective treatment. Some published abstracts of papers presented at scientific meetings have been included to clarify invitations I received to prepare reviews and chapters on various subjects and my involvement in some conjoint studies. I was author or coauthor of several book chapters, reviews, editorials and certain published studies to which I was invited to contribute as a result of my primary studies and these I have included as “Derivative References”numbered 50-76.
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Roy, L. Paul. "Studies related to diseases affecting the kidney and urinary tract in children and their management." University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1819.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of MedicinePublications 1-49 represent studies that I have undertaken myself or conjointly over a 34 year period to investigate a variety of issues relating to diseases of the kidney and urinary tract in children. The studies were carried out at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Camperdown when I was Clinical Superintendent from 1968 - 1970; The Department of Paediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA when I was Overseas Research Fellow of the Post Graduate Foundation in Medicine, University of Sydney, 1970 - 1972, then as Staff Physician in Nephrology at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Camperdown, 1972 - 1977, and then Head of that Department at the Hospital until 1995 and then as an Honorary Staff Specialist at that hospital. Some of the studies were done conjointly with members of the Renal Unit of Royal Prince Alfred Hospital where I hold an Honorary appointment and others conjointly with members of the Renal Unit of Prince Henry Hospital, Little Bay. I was appointed Clinical Associate Professor to the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney in 1993. In 1966 paediatric nephrology was in the early phase of development as a medical subspecialty. There was no definitive textbook, the first was published in 1975 (Pediatric Nephrology, Ed. Mitchell I. Rubin. Williams and Wilkins.). In the preface to the 2nd edition of Renal Disease (Blackwell) in 1967 the editor D.A.K. Black noted that he had included a chapter on paediatric aspects which had been planned for the 1st edition in 1962 but ”it could not be arranged”. In the chapter on Renal Disease in Children the author, D.Macauly, comments that the mortality rate of acute renal failure in children was 50%. When I joined the resident staff of the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children in 1966, children with renal disease were managed by general paediatricians. There was no active program for the treatment of children with acute or chronic renal failure. A small number of kidney biopsies had been performed by Dr Trefor Morgan who, together with Dr Denis Wade, had taught me the technique while I was a resident medical officer at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in the preceding year. With the guidance and support of Dr S.E.J. Robertson and Dr C. Lee, Honorary Medical Officers, and Dr R.D.K. Reye, Head of the Department of Pathology, I began performing kidney biopsies on children at the request of the paediatrician in charge. In the same year, encouraged again by Doctors Robertson and Lee, and by J.C.M. Friend and J. Brown, I introduced peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of children with acute renal failure, a technique which I had also been taught by Dr Trefor Morgan whilst I was a resident at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. Dr Robertson encouraged me to present my experience in percutaneous renal biopsy in children at the Annual Meeting of the Australian Paediatric Association in 1968 and this study became the first paper I published in relation to disease of the urinary tract in children (1). In 1970 I was granted an Overseas Research Fellowship by the Post Graduate Foundation in Medicine, University of Sydney, to enable me to undertake a fellowship in the Department of Paediatrics at the University of Minnesota. I had the great fortune in undertaking studies in the new discipline of paediatric nephrology and related research under the guidance of Dr A. F. Michael, Dr R.L.Vernier and Dr A. Fish. I acquired the techniques of immunopathology and electron microscopy. On my return to Australia I established a Department of Nephrology at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children. I introduced immunofluorescent and electron microscopic studies for the kidney biopsies that I continued to perform and, with the support of Dr R.D.K. Reye, I provided the official reports of these studies until 1990. As a result these studies became part of the histopathologic service provided by the hospital. I continue to be consulted concerning the interpretation of some electron microscopic findings in renal tissue. With the assistance of Dr J.D. Harley I set up a laboratory in the Children’s Medical Research Foundation to continue and expand the studies I had commenced during my Fellowship. Establishing a dialysis and transplant program for children with end stage renal disease (ESRD) was extremely time consuming. At that time most children with ESRD died. The program was initially established jointly with the Renal Unit at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in 1972 and eventually dialysis facilities were established at the Children’s Hospital using predominantly peritoneal dialysis. By 1978 the existence of the Unit was well known in the general community and articles appeared in the press. One prompted the late Sir Lorimer Dods, the first Professor of Paediatrics in Australia to write to me congratulating me on what I had achieved. He remarked “I have just read with special interest Shaun’s review in the SMH of some of your recent achievements in the field of renal failure in infancy and childhood and want to offer you my personal congratulations on all that you have achieved and are achieving in this area of paediatrics which, in my little world of yesterday, meant nothing more than progressive and unrelenting fatal illness”. Taking part in the development of a relatively new discipline led me to study a number of areas. I encouraged trainees to write reports concerning clinical observations and eventually I was joined by Fellows whom I encouraged and supported to study a number of different areas to ensure that children were being cared for in an environment of strong and open enquiry. This led to studies on investigations of chronic renal failure which Dr Elisabeth Hodson pursued and studies on urinary tract infection in small children for which Dr Jonathon Craig was awarded a PhD. As I had been a contributor and co-author in a number of these studies they have been included in my list of publications. As a result of this diversity I have listed the publications in 9 sections. The overall theme is to study diseases of the renal tract in children and treatments used to understand the processes and ensure the most effective treatment. Some published abstracts of papers presented at scientific meetings have been included to clarify invitations I received to prepare reviews and chapters on various subjects and my involvement in some conjoint studies. I was author or coauthor of several book chapters, reviews, editorials and certain published studies to which I was invited to contribute as a result of my primary studies and these I have included as “Derivative References”numbered 50-76.
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Choi, Pui-hang, and 蔡沛恆. "Health-related quality of life and mental health of Chinese primary care patients with lower urinary tract symptoms." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206726.
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Damasio, Patrícia Capuzzo Garcia [UNESP]. "Avaliação da influência da orientação nutricional e do tratamento medicamentoso na recorrência da litíase urinária." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106689.
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damasio_pcg_dr_botfm.pdf: 945182 bytes, checksum: c3d13c8adb85760aedcb14fc34f0ccd3 (MD5)A itíase urinária é a terceira causa mais comum de afeção do trato urinário. A orientação dietética e o tratamento medicamentoso específico são importantes na recorrência da litíase e, portanto, mudar a dieta e seguir o tratamento farmacológico específico pode prevenir a sua recorrência. Avaliar a influência da orientação nutricional e do tratamento medicamentoso na recorrência da litíase urinária. A partir do nosso registro de pacientes com litíase recorrente foram selecionados 57 que tiveram pelo menos 5 anos de seguimento. Intervenção: Durante o acompanhamento dos pacientes foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: questionário clínico, investigação metabólica e avaliação por imagem (ultra-sonografia e/ou raio-X simples de abdome). Todos os pacientes foram orientados a controlar a ingestão de proteína (entre 0,8 a 1g/Kg peso corporal/dia) e adequar a ingestão de cálcio (entre 800 a 1000 mg/dia), levando-se em consideração o registro alimentar de 3 dias. A restrição de sal (menor que 5 g/dia) foi realizada tendo como referência a variação do sódio excretado na urina de 24h. Durante o acompanhamento os pacientes receberam ainda orientações dietéticas e farmacológicas específicas de acordo com o distúrbio metabólico identificado. 56% dos pacientes eram sexo masculino e a média do IMC no pré-tratamento foi de 27,8 kg/m², observando-se uma correlação positiva entre o número médio de cálculos formados por ano no pré-tratamento e IMC (p=0,012) Notamos uma diminuição significativa do cálcio, sódio e ácido úrico na urina de 24 horas no pós tratamento em comparação ao período inicial. Observamos um aumento significativo do citrato na urina de 24 horas no pós-tratamento. O nº de cálculos formados durante seguimento de 5 anos, diminuiu significativamente em relação ao pré tratamento...
Urinary tract lithiasis is the third most common cause of urinary tract affection. Dietary factors have great importance in the formation of urolithiasis; therefore, changing the diet and specific pharmacological treatment can prevent its recurrence. Evaluate the influence of clinical therapy associated to nutritional orientation in the recurrence of urolithiasis. From our registry of patients with recurrent lithiasis we selected 57 who had at least 5-years of follow-up. We used the protocol composed by 2 non-consecutive urine samples of 24h and was performed: Ca, Na, uric acid, citrate, oxalate, Mg and urinary volume assessments. In the pre treatment the lithiasis clinical questionary and after five years was care out using abdomen x-ray and/or ultrasound. Individualized dietary orientation consisted of: to increase fluid intake (enough to form ≥ 2 L / day); sodium ingestion <5 g / day and protein intake range between 0.8 - 1 g / kg body weight / day, and the adequate calcium intake (800 to 1000 mg / day). During the follow-up of patients, specific and individualized dietary orientation was performed according to the diagnosed metabolic disorder. Patients received specific pharmacological treatment according to the metabolic alteration. 54% were male. In average the BMI was 27 kg / m2. It was observed that according to BMI classification, the patients were overweight. Urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid and sodium decreased significantly after 5 years of follow-up. The number of stones formed in the 5- year follow-up decreased significantly compare to pre treatment. Individualized dietary orientation and pharmacological... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Schreiner, Fernando Jorge. "Avaliação de fatores de virulência e tipagem molecular das Escherichia coli relacionadas a infecções do trato urinário feminino." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2006. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/612.
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As infecções do trato urinário (ITU) constituem uma das doenças mais comuns na prática médica geral, respondendo por grande parte dos processos infecciosos comunitários e hospitalares, ocorrendo em indivíduos de todas as faixas etárias, sendo as mulheres normalmente mais acometidas. No presente estudo foram analisados 295 isolados de Escherichia coli, provenientes de quatro grupos de mulheres, assim divididos: Grupo colonização; Grupo com ITU recorrente; Grupo com ITU comunitária e Grupo com ITU de internação hospitalar. Estes isolados foram analisados quanto aos fatores de virulência (produção de hemolisina e aerobactina, ligação do vermelho congo, pili 1 e P e mobilidade), a suscetibilidade a oito antimicrobianos e pela tipagem molecular (PFGE) para procurar estabelecer uma associação entre a E. coli de origem intestinal com a da ITU. Os resultados demonstraram que a expressão dos fatores de virulência dos isolados de E. coli das ITU e os de origem intestinal do grupo Colonização foi extremamente variada e a maioria dos perfis fenotípicos apresentou pelo menos duas características de urovirulência. Foi também verificada uma maior resistência aos antimicrobianos nos grupos de maior exposição a essas drogas, em ordem decrescente (Grupos com ITU de internação hospitalar; ITU recorrente e ITU comunitária). A comparação através da PFGE demonstrou uma concordância clonal entre os isolados de E. coli em nível uretral/periuretral e intestinal de 40,0% (6/15) dos casos do Grupo colonização e de 35,7% (5/14) dos pacientes do Grupo com ITU recorrente (urina e fezes). Comparando os resultados obtidos com a associação dos perfis fenotípicos (fatores de virulência) e de suscetibilidade com os genotípicos, também se obteve 40,0% de coincidência no Grupo colonização e de 42,9% (6/14) para o Grupo com ITU recorrente comparado com 35,7% obtido pela genotipagem.Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-05T16:45:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fernando J Schreiner.pdf: 2493878 bytes, checksum: af52c8fa3356910bd52ceefbe045663e (MD5)
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The infections of the urinart tract (UTI) are one of the most common diseases in the general medicinal practice. They are responsables for an important number of the community and hospitalar infections affecting individuals of all ages, but with a higher frequency in women. In the present study 295 isolates of Escherichia coli were analysed. These isolates were obtained from four clinical groups of women: (1) Colonization group; (2) Recorrent UTI group; (3) Community UTI group; and (4) UTI in hospitalized group. In order to stablish a relation between UTI and intestinal E. coli the isolates were analysed for the presence of several putative virulence factors (hemolytic activity, aerobactin production, congo red absortion, motility, and the presence of pili 1 and pili P), the susceptibility against a panel of eight antibiotics, and further characterized by the comparison of their pulse field gel electrophoretic (PFGE) profiles. The results showed that the expression of virulence factor among UTI and intestinal isolates of the colonization group was variable, and most isolates exhibited at least two virulence factors. The antibiotic resistance was higher in the groups with exposed to these drugs, in decreasing order: UTI in hospitalized group, recorrent UTI group, and community UTI group. The comparison of PFGE profiles allowed to confirm the clonal origin of E. coli isolates obtained from urinary tract and intestinal samples in 40% (6/15) of the colonization group patients, and 35,7% (5/14) of recorrent UTI group patients. High coincidence was observed between the phenotypic (virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility) and the genotypic (PFGE) characterization of clonal isolates.
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Damasio, Patrícia Capuzzo Garcia. "Avaliação da influência da orientação nutricional e do tratamento medicamentoso na recorrência da litíase urinária /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106689.
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Orientador: João Luiz AmaroBanca: Hamilto Akihissa Yamamoto
Banca: Victor Augusto Sanguinetti Scherrer Leitão
Banca: Claudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
Banca: Aguinaldo Cesar Nardi
Resumo: A itíase urinária é a terceira causa mais comum de afeção do trato urinário. A orientação dietética e o tratamento medicamentoso específico são importantes na recorrência da litíase e, portanto, mudar a dieta e seguir o tratamento farmacológico específico pode prevenir a sua recorrência. Avaliar a influência da orientação nutricional e do tratamento medicamentoso na recorrência da litíase urinária. A partir do nosso registro de pacientes com litíase recorrente foram selecionados 57 que tiveram pelo menos 5 anos de seguimento. Intervenção: Durante o acompanhamento dos pacientes foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: questionário clínico, investigação metabólica e avaliação por imagem (ultra-sonografia e/ou raio-X simples de abdome). Todos os pacientes foram orientados a controlar a ingestão de proteína (entre 0,8 a 1g/Kg peso corporal/dia) e adequar a ingestão de cálcio (entre 800 a 1000 mg/dia), levando-se em consideração o registro alimentar de 3 dias. A restrição de sal (menor que 5 g/dia) foi realizada tendo como referência a variação do sódio excretado na urina de 24h. Durante o acompanhamento os pacientes receberam ainda orientações dietéticas e farmacológicas específicas de acordo com o distúrbio metabólico identificado. 56% dos pacientes eram sexo masculino e a média do IMC no pré-tratamento foi de 27,8 kg/m², observando-se uma correlação positiva entre o número médio de cálculos formados por ano no pré-tratamento e IMC (p=0,012) Notamos uma diminuição significativa do cálcio, sódio e ácido úrico na urina de 24 horas no pós tratamento em comparação ao período inicial. Observamos um aumento significativo do citrato na urina de 24 horas no pós-tratamento. O nº de cálculos formados durante seguimento de 5 anos, diminuiu significativamente em relação ao pré tratamento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Urinary tract lithiasis is the third most common cause of urinary tract affection. Dietary factors have great importance in the formation of urolithiasis; therefore, changing the diet and specific pharmacological treatment can prevent its recurrence. Evaluate the influence of clinical therapy associated to nutritional orientation in the recurrence of urolithiasis. From our registry of patients with recurrent lithiasis we selected 57 who had at least 5-years of follow-up. We used the protocol composed by 2 non-consecutive urine samples of 24h and was performed: Ca, Na, uric acid, citrate, oxalate, Mg and urinary volume assessments. In the pre treatment the lithiasis clinical questionary and after five years was care out using abdomen x-ray and/or ultrasound. Individualized dietary orientation consisted of: to increase fluid intake (enough to form ≥ 2 L / day); sodium ingestion <5 g / day and protein intake range between 0.8 - 1 g / kg body weight / day, and the adequate calcium intake (800 to 1000 mg / day). During the follow-up of patients, specific and individualized dietary orientation was performed according to the diagnosed metabolic disorder. Patients received specific pharmacological treatment according to the metabolic alteration. 54% were male. In average the BMI was 27 kg / m2. It was observed that according to BMI classification, the patients were overweight. Urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid and sodium decreased significantly after 5 years of follow-up. The number of stones formed in the 5- year follow-up decreased significantly compare to pre treatment. Individualized dietary orientation and pharmacological... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Ramos, Filho Antonio Celso S. "Avaliação morfofuncional e molecular do detrusor isolado de ratos hipertensos renovasculares." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308915.
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Orientador: Edson AntunesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: A hipertensão renovascular é uma forma secundária da hipertensão arterial, que corresponde de 1-5% dos casos de hipertensão. A associação entre hipertensão arterial e disfunções miccionais foi observada no modelo experimental de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR). Até o momento nenhum estudo avaliou as disfunções miccionais em animais hipertensos renovasculares. Dessa forma, neste estudo, caracterizamos a disfunção miccional em ratos hipertensos renovasculares através do modelo de dois rins, um clip (2K-1C). Em ratos Wistar (200-220 g) colocou-se um clip em torno da artéria renal. Depois de oito semanas, os ratos foram utilizados. Realizou-se estudo cistométrico em ratos anestesiados, assim como curvas concentração-resposta para agentes contráteis e relaxantes em detrusor isolado (DSM). Foram também realizados estudos histomorfométricos e da expressão de RNAm dos receptores muscarínicos M3 e M2 em DSM isolado. Os resultados histomorfométricos mostraram aumentos significantes na espessura da parede da bexiga, no volume intravesical, na densidade de musculatura lisa e na densidade de fibras neurais no grupo 2K-1C em comparação ao SHAM. O agonista muscarínico, carbacol, produziu contrações concentração-dependentes do DSM, as quais foram significantemente maiores no grupo 2K-1C. O inibidor da Rho-quinase, Y27-632 (10 µM), reduziu significantemente a contração induzida pelo carbacol nos ratos SHAM e 2K-1C; porém, no grupo 2K-1C, o DSM continuou hiperativo na presença do Y27-632. A estimulação elétrica (1 - 32 Hz) produziu contração freqüência-dependente do DSM as quais foram maiores no grupo 2K-1C. O agonista purinérgico P2X, ?,?-metileno-ATP (1 - 100 µM), o KCl (1 - 300 µM) e o Ca2+ extracelular (0,01-100 µM) produziram contrações concentração-dependente; porém, não observamos diferenças entre o grupo SHAM e 2K-1C. O agonista não seletivo ?-adrenérgico, isoproterenol, o agonista seletivo ?2-adrenérgico, metaproterenol, e o agonista seletivo ?3-adrenérgico, BRL37-344, produziram relaxamentos menores do DSM nos ratos 2K-1C, e também redução nos níveis intracelulares de AMPc nos detrusores. O efeito relaxante ao nitroprussiato de sódio e BAY41-2272 mantiveram-se iguais nos animais SHAM e 2K-1C. A expressão do RNAm do receptor muscarínico M3 (mas não do M2) no DSM foi significantemente maior nos ratos 2K-1C em comparação ao grupo controle. Os tratamentos crônicos com losartan e captopril normalizaram a pressão arterial sistólica dos animais 2K-1C, normalizaram a função miccional, e reduziram a hipercontratilidade do detrusor induzida pela estimulação elétrica e pelo carbacol, assim como restabeleceram o relaxamento induzido pelo isoproterenol ao nível do grupo SHAM. Concluimos que os ratos hipertensos renovasculares apresentam hiperatividade do detrusor, a qual envolve remodelamento tecidual e aumento da contração via receptor muscarínico M3 associado à redução no relaxamento ?-adrenérgico com redução da sinalização intracelular e produção de AMPc. Os tratamentos com losartan e captopril restauram a função miccional dos animais 2K-1C
Abstract: Renovascular hypertension is a secondary form of arterial hypertension, accounting for 1-5% of cases in unselected population. Association between arterial hypertension and urinary bladder dysfunction has been reported in spontaneously hypertensive rats, but no study evaluated the bladder dysfunction in renovascular hypertensive animals. Therefore, in this study, we explored the bladder dysfunction in renovascular hypertensive rats, using the two-kidney one-clip (2K-1C) model. A silver clip was placed around the renal artery of male Wistar Kyoto rats (200-220 g). After eight weeks, rats were used. Cystometric study in anesthetized rats, along with concentration-response curves to both contractile and relaxant agents in isolated detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) were performed. Histomorphometry and mRNA expression of muscarinic M3 and M2 receptors in DSM were also determined. The histomorphometric data showed significant increases in bladder wall thickness, intravesical volume and density of smooth muscle, as well as density of neural fibers in the 2K-1C group compared with SHAM. The muscarinic agonist carbachol produced concentration-dependent DSM contractions, which were markedly greater in 2K-1C rats. The Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27-632 (10 µM) significantly reduced the carbachol-induced contractions in sham and 2K-1C rats, but DSM in 2K-1C rats remained overactive in the presence of Y27632. Electrical-field stimulation (EFS; 1-32 Hz) produced frequency-dependent DSM contractions that were also greater in 2K-1C group. The P2X receptor agonist ?,?-methylene ATP (1-100 µM), KCl (1-300 mM) and extracellular Ca2+ (0.01-100 M) produced concentration-dependent DSM contractions, but no changes among sham and 2K-1C rats were seen. In 2K-1C rats, the non-selective ?-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol, the ?2-adrenoceptor agonist metaproterenol and the ?3-adrenoceptor agonist BRL 37-344 produced lower DSM relaxations, as well as decreased cAMP levels. The relaxant responses to sodium nitroprusside and BAY 41-2272 remained unchanged in 2K-1C rats. Expression of mRNA of muscarinic M3 (but not of M2) receptors in DSM was significantly increased in 2K-1C rats. The chronic treatment with losartan and captopril normalized the blood systolic pressure of 2K-1C animals, improved their urinary function by reducing DSM hypercontractility to EFS and carbacol stimulation, and restored the relaxation induced by the ?-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol to the level of SHAM group. In conclusion, renovascular hypertensive rats exhibit overactive DSM that involves tissue remodeling and enhanced muscarinic M3-mediated contractions associated with reduced ?-adrenoceptor-mediated signal transduction. The treatments with losartan and captopril improved urinary function of 2K-1C animals
Mestrado
Mestre em Farmacologia
Books on the topic "Urinary organs – Diseases"
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Andersson, Karl-Erik, and Martin C. Michel. Urinary Tract. Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.
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1941-, Brooks David R., ed. Urinary tract infections. Lancaster, England: MTP Press, 1987.
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Adrian, Spitzer, and Avner Ellis D, eds. Inheritance of kidney and urinary tract diseases. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990.
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Sturdy, D. E. An outline of urology. Bristol: John Wright, 1986.
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National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse (U.S.), ed. The urologic diseases dictionary. [Bethesda, Md.?]: National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse, 1999.
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Joshi, S. K. Management of urinary diseases: An Ayurvedic approach. New Delhi: Satyam Pub. House, 2009.
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Thompson, F. D. Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract. London: Edward Arnold, 1986.
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Carlyle, Jones Thomas, Mohr U, and Hunt Ronald Duncan, eds. Urinary system. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986.
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Tankó, A. Functional diagnostics of the lower urinary tract. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1990.
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Opaneye, Abayomi. Genito-urinary medicine in modern medical practice. Middlesborough: Express Printworks, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Urinary organs – Diseases"
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Cervera, Carlos, and Francisco López-Medrano. "Management of Urinary Tract Infection." In Infectious Diseases in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients, 269–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15394-6_18.
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Müller, Andreas, and Martin Meier. "Assessment of Renal Volume with MRI: Experimental Protocol." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 369–82. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_21.
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AbstractRenal length and volume are important parameters in the clinical assessment of patients with diabetes mellitus, kidney transplants, or renal artery stenosis. Kidney size is used in primary diagnostics to differentiate between acute (rather swollen kidneys) and chronic (rather small kidney) pathophysiology. Total kidney volume is also an established biomarker in studies for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). There are several factors influencing kidney size, and there is still a debate on the value of the measured kidney size in terms of renal function or cardiovascular risk. The renal volume is most often calculated by measuring the three axes of the kidney, on the assumption that the organ resembles an ellipsoid. By default, the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the kidney are measured. In animal models renal length and volume1 are also important parameters in the assessment of organ rejection after transplantation and in determination of kidney failure due to renal artery stenosis, recurrent urinary tract infections, or diabetes mellitus. In general total kidney volume (TKV) is a valuable parameter for predicting prognosis and monitoring disease progression in animal models of human diseases like polycystic kidney disease (PKD) or acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This analysis protocol is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concept and experimental procedure.
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Zununi Vahed, Sepideh, Mohammadreza Ardalan, and Yalda Rahbar Saadat. "Nanomedicine in Nephrology and Urinary Tract Infection." In Nanopharmacology and Nanotoxicology: Clinical Implications and Methods, 82–99. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815079692123010007.
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Nanomedicine is an evolving trend in the biomedical field that can be used for the diagnosis, molecular targeting, imaging, and therapy of a wide range of diseases. The kidneys are essential organs that regulate blood pressure, filtrate blood and remove metabolic waste, produce hormones, and balance electrolytes. The kidney has gained great attention in nanomedicine due to its roles in the clearance of the nanodrugs and affecting the pharmacokinetics of these drugs. Nanoparticles can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases including acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and glomerular diseases. Different approved nanodurgs have been developed for the treatment of kidney diseases. In this chapter, we summarize the available nanodrugs for the treatment of kidney diseases and urinary tract infections.
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"Urology." In Oxford Handbook for Medical School, edited by Kapil Sugand, Miriam Berry, Imran Yusuf, Aisha Janjua, Chris Bird, David Metcalfe, Harveer Dev, et al., 797–808. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199681907.003.0043.
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This chapter on urology coves surgical and medical diseases of the male and female urinary tract systems and the male reproductive organs. It classifies surgical procedures into those of the upper and lower urinary tract. The chapter is well structured, describing conditions seen commonly in clinic, in the emergency department, and in theatres. Cases and procedures to see and things to do are highlighted for medical students, with adequate background information on them. Common conditions presenting in clinic are discussed, such as haematuria, renal stones, benign prostatic hyperplasia, incontinence, phimosis, lumps, and oncology. It reviews important cases to observe in theatre and provides a diagram of the simple anatomy of the male and female reproductive systems. Acute conditions are covered within the chapter, as well as tips on success in urology in exams. This chapter includes excellent pictures of an intravenous urogram and is written for both those looking to apply for medicine, and those in medical school.
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Gencan, Gizem. "Childhood Hypertension." In Current Researches in Health Sciences-II. Özgür Yayınları, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub128.c561.
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A significant public health issue is the rising prevalence of hypertension (HT) among children and adolescents. According to studies, controlling and preventing HT in children will result in adequate early treatment and a favorable prognosis, which will lessen the burden of adult cardiovascular disease. HT is defined as systolic or diastolic blood pressure at or above the 95th percentile (P) for age, sex, and height at least three times. When children are initially examined, their blood pressure is normal, and blood pressure measurements begin from age three if there are no risk factors for hypertension. Blood pressure should be monitored yearly in children three years and older.
Children typically experience primary HT. Renal parenchymal illnesses (60–80%), renovascular diseases (10%), and aortic coarctation (2%) are the most frequent causes. In young patients with HT, screening tests (complete urinalysis, hemogram, electrolytes, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, lipid panel, urinary and renal doppler ultrasonography, eye exam, echocardiography, thyroid function tests, renin, and aldosterone) should be carried out. Additional required tests are ordered in response to the patient's new symptoms.
Both medical procedures and lifestyle modifications are part of HT treatment. Recommendations for food and exercise are non-drug therapy. The most widely prescribed medications include calcium channel blockers, vasodilators, diuretics,- blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Because of their adverse effects, -blockers are not the first choice. It is advised to use just one medicine for treatment if possible. If, despite raising the maximum dose, blood pressure cannot be controlled by a single medication, a second medication is administered. HT treatment aims to reduce or prevent the risk of cardiovascular disease and damage to target organs in both the early and late stages.
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Amor, David J., Lachlan De Crespigny, and R. J. Mckinlay Gardner. "Urinary Tract Defects and Chromosomal Disorders." In The Genetics of Renal Disease, 117–46. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192631466.003.0005.
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Abstract Chromosomal abnormality may be constitutional or acquired. A constitutional abnormality is present at conception (or at least from embryogenesis), and typically affects the morphogenesis of organs. An acquired abnormality arises somatically, in a person whose constitutional karyotype may be normal or (more rarely) abnormal, and cancer is the classical example. In this chapter, we focus largely on the constitutional case, but do not ignore acquired abnormalities.
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Mehnert, Ulrich, and Thomas M. Kessler. "Management of lower urinary tract, bowel, and sexual dysfunction." In Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation, edited by Volker Dietz, Nick S. Ward, and Christopher Kennard, 315–38. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198824954.003.0024.
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Lower urinary tract, bowel, and sexual dysfunctions are frequent sequelae of neurotrauma and neurodegenerative diseases that require adequate management. All three pelvic organ dysfunction severely compromise quality of life and can jeopardize health. Thus, treatment is mandatory and therapy options range from simple conservative measures to major surgery. The main therapeutic principles that should be considered in regard to treatment of pelvic organ dysfunction include protection of kidney function, reduction of urinary and/or faecal incontinence, independent management of lower urinary tract and bowel function, ability to sustain a satisfactory sexual relationship, fertility support, and improvement of quality of life. To comply with such principles and to select, initiate, maintain, and eventually adapt the ‘optimal’ treatment regimen for each patient requires a specialized multidisciplinary team not only during inpatient rehabilitation but also during outpatient follow-up. This chapter provides an overview on the management of lower urinary tract, bowel, and sexual dysfunction and aims to sensitize healthcare professionals for this essential part/aspect of neurorehabilitation.
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Primrose, Sandy B. "A Multifaceted Pathogen: Escherichia coli." In Microbiology of Infectious Disease, 31–38. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192863843.003.0004.
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Escherichia coli normally behaves as a commensal organism and constitutes about 0.1% of the normal flora of the human gut where its beneficial properties include synthesis of vitamin K. Some strains of Escherichia coli can cause disease and these pathogenic strains have acquired various pathogenicity determinants, most likely by horizontal gene transfer. The diseases caused by Escherichia coli fall into two types: intestinal diseases and non-intestinal diseases. The latter type includes urinary tract infections and neonatal meningitis. There are seven different types of intestinal disease caused by Escherichia coli and each type is caused by a different pathovar with unique virulence determinants. Based on genome analysis, the bacteria formerly classified as Shigella species are simply pathovars of Escherichia coli. Some Escherichia coli strains can increase their virulence by inactivating certain chromosomal genes, a process known as pathoadaptation, and this may occur by movement of insertion sequences.
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Hobson, John, and Edwina A. Brown. "Renal and urological disease." In Fitness for Work, 398–412. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199643240.003.0019.
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The kidney has the vital function of excretion, and controls acid–base, fluid, and electrolyte balance. It also acts as an endocrine organ. Renal failure, with severe impairment of these functions, results from a number of different processes, most of which are acquired, although some may be inherited. Glomerulonephritis, which presents with proteinuria, haematuria, or both, may be accompanied by hypertension and impaired renal function. Pyelonephritis with renal scarring is the end result of infective disorders. Diabetes is now the commonest cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the UK and other systemic disease such as hypertension and collagen disorders can also affect the kidney. Polycystic kidney disease is the commonest inherited disorder leading to renal failure. Chronic renal failure implies permanent renal damage, which is likely to be progressive and will eventually require renal replacement therapy. Treatment of ESRD using haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) can significantly improve physical and metabolic well-being and function but the proportion of those who continue to work with ESRD remains very low despite advances in treatment. Kidney transplantation enables many patients to return to normal lives including work. Reintegration of patients into the workforce following transplantation or dialysis offers an exciting and rewarding challenge to the wider health team. Renal disease is not within the top ten of the most costly diseases for employers and accounts for less than 1 per cent of sickness absence and incapacity claims. Urinary incontinence affects significant proportions of the workforce particularly women. Better management of urinary infections and calculi, prostatic obstruction, incontinence, and other complications of urinary tract disease has significantly reduced time lost from work.
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Mustary, Nareshkumar, and Phani Kumar Singamsetty. "Prediction and Recommendation System for Diabetes Using Machine Learning Models." In Advances in Healthcare Information Systems and Administration, 316–27. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7709-7.ch018.
Full textAbstract:
Diabetes is one of the most deadly diseases on the planet. It is also a cause of a variety of illnesses, such as coronary artery disease, blindness, and urinary organ disease. In this situation, the patient must visit a medical center to obtain their results following consultation. Finding the right combination of characteristics and machine learning techniques for classification is also very critical. However, with the advancement of machine learning techniques, we now have the potential to find a solution to the current problem. The healthcare recommendation system (HRS) may be designed to predict health by evaluating patient lifestyle, physical health, mental health aspects using machine learning. For example, training the model using people's age and diabetes helps to predict new patients without a specific diagnostic for diabetes. The proposed deep learning model with convolutional neural network (D-CNN) achieves an overall accuracy of 96.25%. D-CNN is found to be more successful for diabetes prediction than other machine learning (ML) approaches in the experimental analysis.
Conference papers on the topic "Urinary organs – Diseases"
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Stepp, Herbert, and Alexander Hohla. "Clinical results with UV-excited autofluorescence spectroscopy in different organs." In European Conference on Biomedical Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ecbo.2001.4432_221.
Full textAbstract:
UV-excitation with 308 nm was applied clinically to normal and diseased tissues from the urinary bladder, the brain and the lungs. With a multifiber catheter, fluorescence spectra were recorded and evaluated using the most significant wavelength ratios. Correlation with histology showed the following sensitivities / specificities for the detection of malignant tissue: bladder 90% / 81%, brain 62% / 100%, lungs 80% / 76%. Compared to 5-ALA induced PPIX-fluorescence (bladder), a higher specificity was observed. The results obtained intraoperatively were compared with UV-imaging and spectroscopy on frozen tissue sections.
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Gloeckner, D. Claire, Michael B. Chancellor, and Michael S. Sacks. "Changes in Material Classification of the Urinary Bladder Wall After Spinal Cord Injury." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32523.
Full textAbstract:
Changes in the mechanical properties of the urinary bladder wall following neurogenic disease or trauma can result in bladder dysfunction. We have recently reported changes in the biaxial mechanical properties of the bladder wall 10 days after spinal cord injury in a rat model [1]. Development of a constitutive model to characterize these changes would facilitate quantitative comparisons and provide the necessary information for organ-level computational modeling. However, before an appropriate constitutive model of the bladder wall can be formulated, its material class must be identified. In the present study, we applied a generalized method for material classification of biaxial mechanical data to our previous data on the urinary bladder wall.
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Yu. A., Tikhmeneva, Mironova E.R., and Krikunova A.A. "KIDNEY PATHOLOGIES IN CATS." In OF THE ANNIVERSARY Х INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE «INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION» («ITSE 2022» CONFERENCE). DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itse.2022.228-231.
Full textAbstract:
The anatomical and physiological features of the urinary system of cats make it extremely vulnerable, as a result of which pathological processes often develop in the tissues of organs, in particular the kidneys. Such processes are characterized by an erased clinical picture and a latent chronic course, as a result of which they are not diagnosed in time, which leads to the development of renal failure of varying severity. In this article, we conducted a literature review of the most common pathologies leading to chronic cat disease.
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RODRIGUES, Isabelle Medeiros, João Francisco Bianchini de TOLEDO, Thiago Abreu SAMAN, and Mário dos Santos FILHO. "UNILATERAL HYDRONEPHROSIS DUE TO URETER OBSTRUCTION AFTER OVARIO-HYSTERECTOMY IN A FELINE - CASE REPORT." In SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2021 INTERNATIONAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE. DR. D. SCIENTIFIC CONSULTING, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.21scon.34_abstract_rodrigues.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Hydronephrosis is characterized by the renal pelvis and calyces distension resulting from total or partial urinary outflow obstruction. Ureter injuries are recognized complications of abdominal surgeries, especially sterilization, due to the frequency which they are performed in cats and dogs and the proximity between the ureter and the uterine stump. Some injuries may be acute or chronic, uni or bilaterally, affecting the urinary tract segment parts. Therefore, diagnosis is very important, especially early on, since it makes immediate management easier and may result in a better prognosis, especially when the disease course gets interrupted or its progression gets slowed. Furthermore, the importance of performing sporadic exams, even without previous clinical history for feline patients, is notorious since the nature of the species to hide clinical signs is well known. To certify the success of the surgery and integrity of the organs, it is very important to perform post sterilization exams. It is also crucial to state the importance of computed tomography for the diagnosis since some obstruction causes, such as blood clot, may not be shown in the ultrasound. Computed tomography is also necessary to differentiate hydronephrosis from many injuries that may affect the kidneys and ureters, like ectopic ureter, obstruction by calculi, and surgical ligature. The present study has the objective of reporting and discussing the laboratory, imaging findings, and clinical state of a patient with unilateral hydronephrosis, with asymptomatic evolution of iatrogenic origin due to obstruction by ureter obliteration after ovariohysterectomy (OVH).