Journal articles: 'Urinary incontinence – Australia'

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Ip, Virginia, and Rachel Busuttil Leaver. "Urinary incontinence – meeting a transcultural challenge in Sydney, Australia." International Journal of Urological Nursing 1, no. 3 (November 2007): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-771x.2007.00026.x.

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Lee, Joseph K., and Peter L. Dwyer. "Surgery for stress urinary incontinence in Australia: current trends from Medicare data." Medical Journal of Australia 192, no. 7 (April 2010): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03572.x.

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Chiarelli, Pauline, Wendy Bower, Amanda Wilson, John Attia, and David Sibbritt. "Estimating the prevalence of urinary and faecal incontinence in Australia: systematic review." Australasian Journal on Ageing 24, no. 1 (March 2005): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6612.2005.00063.x.

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St John, Winsome, Heather James, and Shona McKenzie. "Health Service Provision for Community-Dwelling People Suffering Urinary Incontinence: A Case Study of Neglect." Australian Journal of Primary Health 7, no. 3 (2001): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py01043.

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Access to health services for common health problems is a fundamental principle of primary health care. Although there have been few Australian prevalence studies, it is estimated that about 900,000 adult Australians suffer from incontinence (National Health and Medical Research Council, 1994). The purpose of this study was to investigate urinary continence services for community-dwelling people in the Gold Coast region of Australia, prior to implementing new services. A case study design was used, including: a survey of general medical practitioners, specialist medical practitioners, physiotherapists, hospitals, and home visiting agencies in the region; a focus group with key stakeholders; and a critical review of the literature in relation to prevalence, treatment-seeking behaviour and service provision. Health practitioners were asked about services provided, policies, clinical pathways, referrals, and their views on what services they would like to see offered in the region. Results showed that while there were some existing continence-specific services in the region, they were inadequate to provide for the numbers of people in need. Many generalist health practitioners demonstrated a lack of interest in and knowledge of the plight of those suffering from incontinence. Links between services were found to be ad hoc, with inconsistent referral patterns between health professionals. These findings are consistent with international studies. It was concluded that, in general, community-dwelling people suffering incontinence were poorly served by health professionals due an inability of available services to meet demand, and a lack of knowledge and/or interest by many generalist health practitioners.

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Chiong, Fabian, Andrew R. Lloyd, and Jeffrey J. Post. "Severe Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis Secondary to Suspected Neuroangiostrongyliasis with a Good Clinical Outcome." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2019 (May 26, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4037196.

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Angiostrongylus cantonensishas caused sporadic cases of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in Sydney, Australia. We describe a 36-year-old man who presented subacutely with fevers, reduced level of consciousness, confusion, ophthalmoplegia, and urinary incontinence. He was diagnosed with severe eosinophilic meningoencephalitis secondary to suspectedAngiostrongylus cantonensisbased on clinical, serological, and radiological findings. The patient was treated with albendazole and prednisolone with full neurological recovery. Management of neuroangiostrongyliasis with anthelminthic is controversial as it is thought to cause worsened outcomes through inciting an inflammatory response as a result of parasite killing. We managed to successfully treat our patient using albendazole and prednisolone and achieved a good outcome.

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LEE, Joseph, and Peter L. DWYER. "Age-related trends in female stress urinary incontinence surgery in Australia - Medicare data for 1994-2009." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 50, no. 6 (November 18, 2010): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.2010.01217.x.

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Ng-Stollmann, Nathalie, Christian Fünfgeld, Boris Gabriel, and Achim Niesel. "The international discussion and the new regulations concerning transvaginal mesh implants in pelvic organ prolapse surgery." International Urogynecology Journal 31, no. 10 (July 21, 2020): 1997–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00192-020-04407-0.

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Abstract The use of transvaginal mesh implants for POP and urinary incontinence is currently being extensively debated among experts as well as the general public. Regulations surrounding the use of these implants differ depending on the country. Although in the USA, the UK, in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and France, transvaginal mesh implants have been removed from the market, in most mainland European countries, Asia, and South America, they are still available as a surgical option for POP correction. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the historical timeline and the current situation worldwide, as well as to critically discuss the implications of the latest developments in urogynecological patient care and the training of doctors.

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Marsden, Dianne Lesley, Kerry Boyle, Louise-Anne Jordan, Judith Anne Dunne, Jodi Shipp, Fiona Minett, Amanda Styles, et al. "Improving Assessment, Diagnosis, and Management of Urinary Incontinence and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms on Acute and Rehabilitation Wards That Admit Adult Patients: Protocol for a Before-and-After Implementation Study." JMIR Research Protocols 10, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): e22902. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/22902.

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Background Urinary incontinence (UI) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are commonly experienced by adult patients in hospitals (inpatients). Although peak bodies recommend that health services have systems for optimal UI and LUTS care, they are often not delivered. For example, results from the 2017 Australian National Stroke Audit Acute Services indicated that of the one-third of acute stroke inpatients with UI, only 18% received a management plan. In the 2018 Australian National Stroke Audit Rehabilitation Services, half of the 41% of patients with UI received a management plan. There is little reporting of effective inpatient interventions to systematically deliver optimal UI/LUTS care. Objective This study aims to determine whether our UI/LUTS practice-change package is feasible and effective for delivering optimal UI/LUTS care in an inpatient setting. The package includes our intervention that has been synthesized from the best-available evidence on UI/LUTS care and a theoretically informed implementation strategy targeting identified barriers and enablers. The package is targeted at clinicians working in the participating wards. Methods This is a pragmatic, real-world, before- and after-implementation study conducted at 12 hospitals (15 wards: 7/15, 47% metropolitan, 8/15, 53% regional) in Australia. Data will be collected at 3 time points: before implementation (T0), immediately after the 6-month implementation period (T1), and again after a 6-month maintenance period (T2). We will undertake medical record audits to determine any change in the proportion of inpatients receiving optimal UI/LUTS care, including assessment, diagnosis, and management plans. Potential economic implications (cost and consequences) for hospitals implementing our intervention will be determined. Results This study was approved by the Hunter New England Human Research Ethics Committee (HNEHREC Reference No. 18/10/17/4.02). Preimplementation data collection (T0) was completed in March 2020. As of November 2020, 87% (13/15) wards have completed implementation and are undertaking postimplementation data collection (T1). Conclusions Our practice-change package is designed to reduce the current inpatient UI/LUTS evidence-based practice gap, such as those identified through national stroke audits. This study has been designed to provide clinicians, managers, and policy makers with the evidence needed to assess the potential benefit of further wide-scale implementation of our practice-change package. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/22902

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Howard, Zara, Lynda Ross, Leanne Smith, Nadine Baker, Jennifer Nucifora, Heidi Townsend, Kelly Weir, and Shelley Roberts. "An Exercise Training and Healthy Eating Group Program (ATHENA) for Overweight and Obese Women with Urinary Incontinence: An Intervention Description." Healthcare 8, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040575.

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Background: Despite strong evidence for supervised pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) for women with urinary incontinence (UI), and weight loss and exercise for overweight and obese women with UI, implementation literature on these combined interventions is limited. This paper aimed to describe the rigorous and systematic processes involved in the collaborative development, implementation, refinement and evaluation of a novel, holistic 12 week exercise training and healthy eating group program (ATHENA) for overweight and obese women with UI. Methods/Design: This intervention description paper is part of a larger mixed-methods feasibility study of implementing the ATHENA intervention within a physiotherapy service at a public hospital in Australia. The collaborative intervention design had input from clinicians, researchers and a consumer representative. Results: The intervention involved four evidence-based components—(1) supervised PFMT; (2) general exercise training; (3) pelvic health education; and (4) healthy eating education—delivered face to face over a 12 week period. Supporting resources developed included a Facilitator’s Guide and Participant Workbook. Conclusion: ATHENA is an evidence-based, multifaceted, group-based intervention targeting exercise training and healthy eating for management of UI for overweight and obese women. The structured development process and transparency of intervention content and resources aims to enhance practical application and success in future studies.

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Martin, Neil E., Laura Massey, Caleb Stowell, Markus Graefen, and Hartwig Huland. "Standardizing patient-centered outcomes measurement in prostate cancer: An international, cross-disciplinary effort." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2014): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.4_suppl.271.

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271 Background: The prospective collection of standardized, patient-centered outcomes for men with prostate cancer will allow intra- and inter-institutional comparisons, patient education, self-assessment and dissemination of best practices. We lack recommended standardized sets of such outcomes. Methods: Through the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement, a working group of urologists, radiation oncologists, registry representatives and patient advocates convened to develop a recommended minimum set of measures which institutions would collect on all prostate patients. Using a modified Delphi method over a series of in-person meetings and conference calls, a final set of recommendations was developed. Results: Approximately 30 experts in prostate cancer care from North America, Europe, Australia, and the Middle East participated in the process, representing academic centers, registries and patients. We defined the scope of this initial effort as outcomes related to the management of localized prostate cancer. The group recommended cross-disciplinary measures applicable to a variety of treatment approaches from surveillance to radiation and prostatectomy. Standards were identified for disease control definitions as well as baseline patient and disease-specific risk stratification factors. Domains of patient reported outcomes to be tracked in follow up were identified including urinary incontinence, urinary irritation, bowel irritation, sexual function, and symptoms related to hormonal therapy. Finally, specific tools to assess these domains and gaps in our current tools were identified. The final recommended set will be presented. Conclusions: Standardized outcome reporting is a necessary component in the movement towards high-value health care. Patient-centered outcomes related to toxicity and disease control can be identified and systemized by a multidisciplinary group of experts. The result of this project is an initial step in what will be an iterative process with the goal of improving the care of all men with prostate cancer. An international pilot project has been proposed based on implementing the final set of recommendations.

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Korda, Andrew, Michael Cooper, and Peter Hunter. "Coital Urinary Incontinence in an Australian Population." Asia-Oceania Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 15, no. 4 (May 24, 2010): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.1989.tb00194.x.

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Vo, Kha, Peta M. Forder, and Julie E. Byles. "Urinary Incontinence and Social Function in Older Australian Women." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 64, no. 8 (June 28, 2016): 1646–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.14250.

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Doran, Christopher M., Pauline Chiarelli, and Jill Cockburn. "Economic costs of urinary incontinence in community‐dwelling Australian women." Medical Journal of Australia 174, no. 9 (May 2001): 456–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2001.tb143374.x.

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Griebling, Tomas L. "Re: Urinary Incontinence and Social Function in Older Australian Women." Journal of Urology 198, no. 1 (July 2017): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.04.027.

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Behnia-Willison, Fariba. "Feasibility, Safety and Efficacy of Fractional Micro-Ablative CO2 Vaginal (FxCO2) Laser Treatment and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Women with Urge Urinary Incontinence." Open Access Journal of Gynecology 6, no. 1 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajg-16000213.

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Background: Urge urinary incontinence (UUI) is the involuntary loss of urine associated with urgency, frequency, and nocturia. Current management involves behavioural therapies, which can be time-consuming and costly to the patient, and medications, which can have side effects. Fractional micro-ablative CO2 laser (FxCO2) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are two novel approaches that may offer symptomatic relief for women with UUI. Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of FxCO2 vaginal laser treatment and PRP in women with refractory UUI with urinary function and sexual function as secondary outcome measures. Study Design: This was a single-centre prospective cohort study. Participants with UUI underwent three treatments of transvaginal FxCO2 laser and PRP, administered at 4–6-week intervals. Outcomes were assessed with the Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire (APFQ) at baseline (T1), 3-6 months (T2), and ≥12 months follow-up (T3). The 12-month follow up data were obtained by face-to-face visit or follow up telephone call. The primary outcome was change in UUI symptoms. Secondary outcomes were related to overall bladder function and sexual function. Outcomes were assessed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: In this study, 121 participants underwent treatment with FxCO2 laser and PRP for UUI. There was a significant reduction in the average severity of all self-reported measures of primary and secondary outcomes from T1 to T2 (p<0.02). Improvements in all bladder function outcomes remained statistically at T3 (p<0.04). There were no adverse events in this cohort. Conclusion: This study suggests that FxCO2 laser with PRP appears to be a safe, feasible, and effective treatment for UUI, bladder function, and sexual function. FxCO2 laser and PRP may have a role as an alternative therapy for severe and refractory UUI.

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Frawley, Jane, David Sibbritt, Amie Steel, Sungwon Chang, and Jon Adams. "Complementary and Conventional Health-care Utilization Among Young Australian Women With Urinary Incontinence." Urology 99 (January 2017): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2016.07.060.

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Dolja-Gore, Xenia, Meredith Tavener, Tazeen Majeed, Balakrishnan R. Nair, and Julie E. Byles. "Uptake, prevalence and predictors of first-time use for the 75+ Health Assessment Scheme." Australian Journal of Primary Health 23, no. 5 (2017): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py16108.

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In 1999, the Australian Federal Government introduced Medicare items for Health Assessments for people aged 75 years and older (75+ health assessments). This research examined uptake of these assessments and identified predictors of use by women from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH). Assessments were identified for each year from 1999 to 2013 using linked Medicare data. Time to first assessment was examined, as well as social and health factors associated with having an assessment. From 1999 to 2013, 61.8% of women had at least one assessment. Almost one-third had an assessment within 2 years of their introduction, 25% of women died before having an assessment and 13% survived but did not have an assessment. Factors associated with assessment included being widowed, private health insurance, marital status, education, having arthritis and urinary incontinence, and less difficulty managing on income. Many women never received an assessment, and many only received one. Promotion of the 75+ health assessments is necessary among older women to increase uptake.

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Caldwell, Patrina HY, Ramesh Manocha, Sana Hamilton, Karen M. Scott, and Elizabeth H. Barnes. "Australian community health practitioners’ knowledge and experience with managing urinary incontinence that begins in childhood." Australian Journal of General Practice 48, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2019): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31128/ajgp-08-18-4682.

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Kwong, P. W., R. G. Cumming, L. Chan, M. J. Seibel, V. Naganathan, H. Creasey, D. Le Couteur, L. M. Waite, P. N. Sambrook, and D. Handelsman. "Urinary incontinence and quality of life among older community-dwelling Australian men: the CHAMP study." Age and Ageing 39, no. 3 (March 19, 2010): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afq025.

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Hodges, Paul, Ryan Stafford, Geoff D. Coughlin, Jessica Kasza, James Ashton-Miller, Anne P. Cameron, Luke Connelly, and Leanne M. Hall. "Efficacy of a personalised pelvic floor muscle training programme on urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy (MaTchUP): protocol for a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e028288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028288.

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IntroductionProstate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Prostatectomy is the most common treatment. Morbidity from prostatectomy is high—80% of men experience urinary incontinence which negatively impacts the quality of life. Postsurgical pelvic floor muscle training is commonly prescribed but recent systematic reviews found no evidence of efficacy. We propose a new treatment that commences preoperatively and targets functional training of specific pelvic floor muscles that contribute to urinary continence. Assessment and biofeedback using transperineal ultrasound imaging assists in training. This will be compared against conventional training (maximal pelvic floor muscle contraction assessed by digital rectal examination) and no training. Embedded physiological studies will allow the investigation of moderation and mediation of the treatment effect on the outcomes.Methods and analysisThis randomised clinical trial will include 363 men scheduled to undergo radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Participants will be randomised into urethral training, conventional training and no training groups. Clinical data will be collected at baseline (1–2 weeks presurgery) and postsurgery after catheter removal, weekly to 3 months (primary endpoint) and monthly to 12 months. Outcomes include 24-hour pad weight test (primary), incontinence, quality of life and cost-effectiveness data. Neuromuscular control measures of pelvic floor muscles will be measured at baseline, postsurgery, 6 weeks, 3 and 12 months. Study assessors and statisticians will be blinded to the group allocation.Ethics and disseminationThis study is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry and has ethical approval from the university and host hospital ethics committees. Trial outcomes will be shared via national/international conference presentations and peer-reviewed journal publications.Trial registration numberACTRN12617000788370; Pre-results.

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Cheng, J., K. Simons, J. Crozier, D. Liew, J. McNeil, and H. O’Connell. "Urinary incontinence in community dwelling Australian adults aged 70 years and above: Prevalence and causal associations." European Urology Open Science 19 (July 2020): e1606-e1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33671-5.

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Purwar, Bhawana, Sarah Knox, Monika Vij, and Simon Emery. "Is it the Time to Revisit Historical Bladder Neck Buttressing for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence?" Global Journal of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Biomedical Update 16 (January 12, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/gjmpbu_27_2020.

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Objectives: The aim of our study was to assess improvement in bladder function and quality of life using Australian Pelvic floor questionnaire as Patient Reported Outcome tool following anterior repair and urethral buttressing for treating stress urinary incontinence (SUI) with prolapse using polydioxanone sutures. Material and Methods: This was the prospective review of retrospective data. The data were collected through telephone or postal questionnaire by an independent researcher who was not involved in the patient care directly and analyzed with Stata (14.2). Results: About 78% (61/78) of women responded to the questionnaires. Statistically significant improvement in bladder function scores was noted after surgery (5.12 ± 2.06 vs. 3.69 ± 2.26; P = 0.001) along with an overall improvement in the quality of life scores (17.88 ± 8.03 vs. 11.56 ± 9.01; P = 0.005) at mean follow-up of 31 months. Overall, 54% patients reported improvement in their symptoms. The re-operation rate for second continence procedure for SUI was 1/61 (1.6%). Conclusion: This procedure can be offered to patients as a treatment option for SUI with prolapse.

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Lamerton, T., G. Mielke, and W. Brown. "Excess weight, physical activity, and urinary incontinence in young women: Findings from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 22 (October 2019): S54—S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.08.246.

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Roberts, Shelley, Zara Howard, Kelly A. Weir, Jennifer Nucifora, Nadine Baker, Leanne Smith, Heidi Townsend, and Lynda Ross. "Patient Perceptions of a Group-Based Lifestyle Intervention for Overweight Women with Urinary Incontinence: A Qualitative Descriptive Study." Healthcare 9, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030265.

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Urinary incontinence (UI) affects many women and impacts quality of life. Group-based interventions may be an effective and efficient method for providing UI care; however, interventions must be acceptable to patients to have an impact. This study aimed to explore patients’ perceptions of an exercise training and healthy eating group program (ATHENA) for overweight and obese women with UI. This qualitative descriptive study involved semi-structured interviews with a subset of participants sampled from a feasibility study of ATHENA. The ATHENA intervention was co-developed with end-users and implemented in Women’s Health Physiotherapy services at an Australian hospital. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. Eleven female patients participated (mean ± SD age 54.2 ± 9.9 years; body mass index 30.5 ± 3.25 kg/m2). Participants found ATHENA highly acceptable, with three themes emerging from interviews: (1) Participants’ journey of change through ATHENA, describing the shifts in knowledge, attitudes, behaviours and symptoms participants experienced; (2) High satisfaction with ATHENA, including educational content, exercise components and delivery style; and (3) Group setting integral to ATHENA’s success, with participants providing support, building friendships, and facilitating each other’s learning. Overall, ATHENA was acceptable to participants, who provided each other with peer support; an unexpected moderator to ATHENA’s success.

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Pierce, Heather, Lin Perry, Robyn Gallagher, and Pauline Chiarelli. "Urinary incontinence, work, and intention to leave current job: A cross sectional survey of the Australian nursing and midwifery workforce." Neurourology and Urodynamics 36, no. 7 (February 1, 2017): 1876–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.23202.

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Mishra, Gita, Megan Barker, Gerrie-Cor Herber Gast, and Timothy Hillard. "Depression and the incidence of symptom of urinary incontinence among young women: results from the Australian longitudinal study on women's health." Maturitas 81, no. 1 (May 2015): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.02.108.

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Botlero, Roslin, Susan R. Davis, Donna M. Urquhart, Susan Shortreed, and Robin J. Bell. "Age-specific prevalence of, and factors associated with, different types of urinary incontinence in community-dwelling Australian women assessed with a validated questionnaire." Maturitas 62, no. 2 (February 2009): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.12.017.

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Gartland, D., S. Donath, C. MacArthur, and SJ Brown. "The onset, recurrence and associated obstetric risk factors for urinary incontinence in the first 18 months after a first birth: an Australian nulliparous cohort study." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 119, no. 11 (July 25, 2012): 1361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2012.03437.x.

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Brown, SJ, D. Gartland, S. Donath, and C. MacArthur. "Effects of prolonged second stage, method of birth, timing of caesarean section and other obstetric risk factors on postnatal urinary incontinence: an Australian nulliparous cohort study." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 118, no. 8 (April 13, 2011): 991–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.02928.x.

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Faulks, Kylie, and Tennayah Catto. "The prevalence of stress urinary incontinence among elite female rugby union players in Australia." Australian and New Zealand Continence Journal 27, no. 2 (May 24, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.33235/anzcj.27.2.47-52.

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Zaidan, Patricia, Fabio Dutra Pereira, and Elirez Bezerra da Silva. "Strength of pelvic floor in men: reliability intra examiners." Fisioterapia em Movimento 31 (May 10, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-5918.031.ao10.

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Abstract Introduction: The obtaining of urinary continence is due to the strength of the pelvic floor muscles (MAPs) at the moment of muscle contraction, when there are sudden increases in intra-abdominal pressure, which increases urethral closure pressure and decreases the possibility of urinary loss. Objective: To verify the reliability, type: stability, intra-examiner, of the measure of the strength of MAPs held with Peritron. Methods: Test and retest study to assess the intra-rater reliability of Peritron to measure the strength of MAPs. The sample consisted of 36 male patients, mean age 65.3 ± 7.2 years, all with urinary incontinence (UI) after radical prostatectomy. The physical therapist conducted a training for familiarization with the procedures of MAPs strength assessment with Peritron for two weeks. The strength of MAPs was measured by a perineometer of the Peritron brand (PFX 9300®, Cardio-Design Pty. Ltd, Baulkham Hills, Australia, 2153). Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was equal to 0.99; P = 0.0001. The typical measurement error (ETM) was equal to 3.1 cmH2O and ETM% of 4. Conclusion: Peritron showed high reliability for measuring the strength of MAPs in men, both for clinical practice and for the production of scientific knowledge. It should be noted that such measures were carried out in stability, so it is suggested that in internal consistency reliability is equivalent.

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Schloss, Janet, Kimberley Ryan, Rebecca Reid, and Amie Steel. "A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessing the efficacy of bedtime buddy® for the treatment of nocturnal enuresis in children." BMC Pediatrics 19, no. 1 (November 9, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1797-8.

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Abstract Background Nocturnal enuresis (NE), or ‘bedwetting’, is a form of night-time urinary incontinence occurring in younger children. A diagnosis of NE can be socially disruptive and psychologically stressful for a child. The most common strategies used by parents to manage NE are waking the child during the night to use the bathroom and limiting the child’s water intake before going to bed. Behavioural or educational therapies for NE such as urotherapy or bladder retraining are widely accepted and considered as a mainstream treatment option for non-neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in children. Pharmacotherapy also plays an ancillary role. However, there is no gold standard therapy or intervention to effectively manage NE. Methods This study aims to determine the efficacy of a herbal combination in the treatment of NE in children. The target population for this study is 80 children aged between 6 and 14 years old (males and females) who have primary nocturnal enuresis ≥3 per week (wet nights). The active group will receive one or two capsules per day containing 420 mg of a proprietary blend of Urox® (Seipel Group, Brisbane, Australia) containing Cratevox™ (Crataeva nurvala L; Capparidaceae; Varuna) stem bark extract standardised for 1.5% lupeol: non-standardised Equisetum arvense L. (Equisetaceae; Horsetail) stem extract; and, non-standardised Lindera aggregata Sims. The primary outcome for this study is the frequency of nocturia. Secondary outcomes include safety, quality of life, and daytime incontinence. Each participation will be involved in the trial for 32 weeks including contact with the research team every 2 weeks for the first 8 weeks and then every 8 weeks until trial completion. Discussion This study examines a novel treatment for an under-researched health condition affecting many children. Despite the availability of several therapies for NE, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of any one intervention and as such this randomised placebo-controlled phase II trial will be an important contribution to understanding potential new treatments for this condition. Trial registration Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registration Number: 12618000288224. Protocol: 23 February 2018, version 1.1.

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Milios, Joanne E., Timothy R. Ackland, and Daniel J. Green. "Pelvic floor muscle training in radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial of the impacts on pelvic floor muscle function and urinary incontinence." BMC Urology 19, no. 1 (November 15, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12894-019-0546-5.

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Abstract Background Pelvic floor muscle training (PFM) training for post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) is an important rehabilitative approach, but the evidence base is still evolving. We developed a novel PFM training program focussed on activating fast and slow twitch muscle fibres. We hypothesized that this training, which commenced pre-operatively, would improve PFM function and reduce PPI, when compared to a control group. Methods This randomized trial allocated 97 men (63 ± 7y, BMI = 25.4, Gleason 7) undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) to either a control group (n = 47) performing low-volume rehabilitation, or an intervention group (n = 50). Both interventions commenced 5 weeks prior to surgery and continued for 12 weeks post-RP. Participants were assessed pre-operatively and at 2, 6 and 12 weeks post-RP using 24 h pad weights, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite for Clinical Practice (EPIC-CP) and real time ultrasound (RTUS) measurements of PFM function. Results Following RP, participants in the control group demonstrated a slower return to continence and experienced significantly more leakage (p < 0.05), measured by 24 h pad weight, compared to the intervention group, suggesting an impact of the prehabilitation protocol. PFM function measures were enhanced following RP in the intervention group. Secondary measures (IPSS, EPIC-CP and RTUS PFM function tests) demonstrated improvement across all time points, with the intervention group displaying consistently lower “bothersome” scores. Conclusions A pelvic floor muscle exercise program commenced prior to prostate surgery enhanced post-surgical measures of pelvic floor muscle function, reduced PPI and improved QoL outcomes related to incontinence. Trial registration The trial was registered in the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry and allocated as ACTRN12617001400358. The trial was registered on 4/10/2017 and this was a retrospective registration.

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Mazariego, Carolyn G., Sam Egger, Madeleine T. King, Ilona Juraskova, Henry Woo, Martin Berry, Bruce K. Armstrong, and David P. Smith. "Fifteen year quality of life outcomes in men with localised prostate cancer: population based Australian prospective study." BMJ, October 7, 2020, m3503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3503.

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Abstract Objective To assess treatment related changes in quality of life up to 15 years after diagnosis of localised prostate cancer. Design Population based, prospective cohort study with follow-up over 15 years. Setting New South Wales, Australia. Participants 1642 men with localised prostate cancer, aged less than 70, and 786 controls randomly recruited from the New South Wales electoral roll into the New South Wales Prostate Cancer Care and Outcomes Study (PCOS). Main outcome measures General health and disease specific quality of life were self-reported at seven time points over a 15 year period, using the 12-item Short Form Health Survey scale, University of California, Los Angeles prostate cancer index, and expanded prostate cancer index composite short form (EPIC-26). Adjusted mean differences were calculated with controls as the comparison group. Clinical significance of adjusted mean differences was assessed by the minimally important difference, defined as one third of the standard deviation (SD) from the baseline score. Results At 15 years, all treatment groups reported high levels of erectile dysfunction, depending on treatment (62.3% (active surveillance/watchful waiting, n=33/53) to 83.0% (non-nerve sparing radical prostatectomy, n=117/141)) compared with controls (42.7% (n=44/103)). Men who had external beam radiation therapy or high dose rate brachytherapy or androgen deprivation therapy as primary treatment reported more bowel problems. Self-reported urinary incontinence was particularly prevalent and persistent for men who underwent surgery, and an increase in urinary bother was reported in the group receiving androgen deprivation therapy from 10 to 15 years (year 10: adjusted mean difference −5.3, 95% confidence interval −10.8 to 0.2; year 15: −15.9; −25.1 to −6.7). Conclusions Patients receiving initial active treatment for localised prostate cancer had generally worse long term self-reported quality of life than men without a diagnosis of prostate cancer. Men treated with radical prostatectomy faired especially badly, particularly in relation to long term sexual outcomes. Clinicians and patients should consider these long term quality of life outcomes when making treatment decisions.

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Vaz, P. K., A. R. Legione, C. A. Hartley, and J. M. Devlin. "Detection and Differentiation of Two Koala Gammaherpesviruses by Use of High-Resolution Melt (HRM) Analysis Reveals Differences in Viral Prevalence and Clinical Associations in a Large Study of Free-Ranging Koalas." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 57, no. 3 (January 9, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01478-18.

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ABSTRACTThe iconic koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is host to two divergent gammaherpesviruses, phascolarctid gammaherpesviruses 1 and 2 (PhaHV-1 and -2), but the clinical significance of the individual viruses is unknown and current diagnostic methods are unsuitable for differentiating between the viruses in large-scale studies. To address this, we modified a pan-herpesvirus nested PCR to incorporate high-resolution melt analysis. We applied this assay in a molecular epidemiological study of 810 koalas from disparate populations across Victoria, Australia, including isolated island populations. Animal and clinical data recorded at sampling were analyzed and compared to infection status. Between populations, the prevalence of PhaHV-1 and -2 varied significantly, ranging from 1% to 55%. Adult and older animals were 5 to 13 times more likely to be positive for PhaHV-1 than juveniles (P< 0.001), whereas PhaHV-2 detection did not change with age, suggesting differences in how these two viruses are acquired over the life of the animal. PhaHV-1 detection was uniquely associated with the detection of koala retrovirus, particularly in females (P= 0.008). Both viruses were significantly associated (P< 0.05) with the presence of genital tract abnormalities (uterine/ovarian cysts and testicular malformation), reduced fertility in females, urinary incontinence, and detection ofChlamydia pecorum, although the strength of these associations varied by sex and virus. Understanding the clinical significance of these viruses and how they interact with other pathogens will inform future management of threatened koala populations.

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Rana, Santu, Wei Luo, Truyen Tran, Svetha Venkatesh, Paul Talman, Thanh Phan, Dinh Phung, and Benjamin Clissold. "Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Identify Data Reliability and Factors Affecting Outcome After Stroke Using Electronic Administrative Records." Frontiers in Neurology 12 (September 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.670379.

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Aim: To use available electronic administrative records to identify data reliability, predict discharge destination, and identify risk factors associated with specific outcomes following hospital admission with stroke, compared to stroke specific clinical factors, using machine learning techniques.Method: The study included 2,531 patients having at least one admission with a confirmed diagnosis of stroke, collected from a regional hospital in Australia within 2009–2013. Using machine learning (penalized regression with Lasso) techniques, patients having their index admission between June 2009 and July 2012 were used to derive predictive models, and patients having their index admission between July 2012 and June 2013 were used for validation. Three different stroke types [intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA)] were considered and five different comparison outcome settings were considered. Our electronic administrative record based predictive model was compared with a predictive model composed of “baseline” clinical features, more specific for stroke, such as age, gender, smoking habits, co-morbidities (high cholesterol, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and ischemic heart disease), types of imaging done (CT scan, MRI, etc.), and occurrence of in-hospital pneumonia. Risk factors associated with likelihood of negative outcomes were identified.Results: The data was highly reliable at predicting discharge to rehabilitation and all other outcomes vs. death for ICH (AUC 0.85 and 0.825, respectively), all discharge outcomes except home vs. rehabilitation for ischemic stroke, and discharge home vs. others and home vs. rehabilitation for TIA (AUC 0.948 and 0.873, respectively). Electronic health record data appeared to provide improved prediction of outcomes over stroke specific clinical factors from the machine learning models. Common risk factors associated with a negative impact on expected outcomes appeared clinically intuitive, and included older age groups, prior ventilatory support, urinary incontinence, need for imaging, and need for allied health input.Conclusion: Electronic administrative records from this cohort produced reliable outcome prediction and identified clinically appropriate factors negatively impacting most outcome variables following hospital admission with stroke. This presents a means of future identification of modifiable factors associated with patient discharge destination. This may potentially aid in patient selection for certain interventions and aid in better patient and clinician education regarding expected discharge outcomes.

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Peck, Blake, Daniel Terry, Benita Martin, Belinda Matthews, and Andrea Green. "Outcomes of a pilot evaluation of a group urotherapy programme for children with complex elimination disorders: An Australian experience." Journal of Child Health Care, May 26, 2021, 136749352110225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13674935211022537.

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Evidence-based interventions have continued to show positive effects on both reducing symptoms and helping children with elimination disorders achieve continence and manage troubling psychological distress. Despite this, there is a group of children who do not respond to standard treatments and are classified as having a complex elimination disorder. As a means of addressing the broader clinical challenge and implications of complex elimination disorders, a team of clinicians in Germany developed the Urinary and Faecal Incontinence Training Program for Children and Adolescents. A pilot investigation was undertaken to apply the Urinary and Faecal Incontinence Training Program for Children and Adolescents programme to children aged 6–12 years in an Australian context who met the complex elimination disorder diagnostic criteria, to determine if any subsequent change in the measures of life quality and general well-being was achieved. Findings suggest a reduction in the frequency of the child’s symptoms and improvements in family quality of life measures. Qualitatively, children and parents perceived that their child’s ability to now respond to stimuli and in so doing avert severe accidents was a major outcome of the programme and was able to increase a child’s sense of acceptance of incontinence, improve levels of self-efficacy and increase self-awareness.

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Mathieson, Rebecca, Rebecca Kippen, Todd Manning, and Janelle Brennan. "Stress urinary incontinence in the mesh complication era: current Australian trends." BJU International, December 18, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bju.15302.

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Nag, Nupur, Xin Lin, George Jelinek, Sandra Neate, and Michele Levin. "1293Identifying Shared Symptoms and Comorbidities to Inform Risk Reduction Strategies Across Prevalent Neurological disorders." International Journal of Epidemiology 50, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyab168.470.

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Abstract Background The global burden of neurological disorders continues to grow. Many have a long disease course and symptoms that can impact daily living and reduce quality of life. Common symptoms are reported across neurological disorders, however, have not been assessed in detail. Assessment of shared symptoms and conditions across neurological disorders may provide insight into similar risk reduction and disease management opportunities. Methods Data from an Australian cohort (n = 192,091) were analysed. Log-binomial regression assessed shared symptoms and comorbidities in ten pre-defined categories across people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), stroke, motor neuron disease (MND), multiple sclerosis (MS), or Parkinson’s disease (PD). Then, to identify sub-categories of symptoms and conditions that were driving the shared associations across disorders. Results Positive associations shared across neurological disorders were observed for cancers, digestive system, mental health, kidney and urinary, lung and breathing, and other conditions, categories. Bladder and urinary problems, incontinence, fatigue, muscle weakness, depression, and sleep apnoea, were associated with at least 3 of 5 neurological disorders. Conclusions Six overarching symptoms and condition categories were shared across neurological disorders. Bladder and urinary problems, incontinence, fatigue, muscle weakness, depression, and sleep apnoea were associated across most neurological disorders. Key messages Shared symptoms and conditions were identified across five neurological disorders. These findings may inform risk prevention and disease management strategies with broad applicability.

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"Experience and knowledge in managing childhood urinary incontinence among Australian community health practitioners." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 53 (May 2017): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13597_1.

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Rice, Amee, Judith Anne Thompson, and Kathy Briffa. "Bladder and bowel symptoms following imprisonment in West Australian female prisons." International Journal of Prisoner Health ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (July 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-07-2020-0050.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the presence of bladder and bowel symptoms in women recently imprisoned in Western Australian prisons, specifically; stress, urge and mixed urinary incontinence, faecal incontinence, nocturia, nocturnal enuresis and constipation and the impact on the quality of life (QOL). Design/methodology/approach Over a 12-month period 29 women, recently released from Western Australia’s female prisons, were surveyed using a questionnaire previously validated for the prison population. The Short Form King’s Health Questionnaire and a modified version of the Manchester Health Questionnaire were used to assess the effects of these symptoms on QOL. Findings Of those surveyed only one respondent reported having no bladder or bowel symptoms following release from prison. Trends assessed by Chi-square analysis suggest women imprisoned for any period of time are more likely to develop both bladder and bowel symptoms which persist after release back into the community. A history of substance or alcohol abuse is often concurrent with the presence of symptoms. QOL scores are also lower for those reporting either bladder or bowel symptoms affecting total scores and the domains of both activities of daily living and mental health. Originality/value Women imprisoned for any length of time developed bladder and bowel symptoms which had a negative impact on their QOL. Larger studies need to be conducted to investigate these trends and whether small changes in conservative measures can influence outcomes.

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Avery, Jodie C., Nigel P. Stocks, Paul Duggan, Annette J. Braunack-Mayer, Anne W. Taylor, Robert D. Goldney, and Alastair H. MacLennan. "Identifying the quality of life effects of urinary incontinence with depression in an Australian population." BMC Urology 13, no. 1 (February 16, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2490-13-11.

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Leggett, Andrew, and Donna Hancox. "filth." M/C Journal 9, no. 5 (November 1, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2655.

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‘Now if you take the ugly,’ he continued, ‘or the deformed, or the old, and transcend your natural revulsion by uniting with it aesthetically – sometimes even physically – a rare ecstasy results which generates great magical potential.’ – John Scott, ‘Preface’ In our editorial call for submissions we set the parameters for a discourse of ‘filth’ based in the creative work of Australian poet and novelist John Scott and the psychoanalytic theoretical frame of Julia Kristeva’s work on the aesthetics of abjection, as set out in Powers of Horror. Following Scott’s alchemical imperative, we cast ‘filth’ as the creative product of aesthetic union with the abject, often repudiated by the cultural mainstream. Thus we embarked on a journey down crooked alleyways to places of alterity, where we found our editorial electronic mailbox clogged with more detritus than an urban sewage viaduct, bursting and bubbling up through the foramina magna at the bases of our skulls to pickle our brains in abject ‘filth’. By panning alluvially amongst the faecal dross of pornographic spam that sprayed at us each time we logged in, we managed to a sift a little gold from it all—the papers and artwork we selected from the scree—as well as lumps of crystalline feldspar, two sets of false teeth, a whalebone corset, and a small battery-operated device with a studded rubber collar. Filth, it seems, continues to be confronting and contentious as is evidenced by our articles; as well the sheer volume of filth we received and the ensuing debates around what should make the final cut. In our feature article Donna Lee Brien bravely and eruditely reassesses An American Psycho fifteen years after its original publication. Bret Eastern Ellis endured years of vilification and threats due to this novel. Dr Brien reminds us that it is precisely that which we most stridently attempt to repudiate is that which most clearly mirrors the parts of ourselves and our society that we wish to ignore. As Julia Kristeva famously declared, ‘the abject, and abjection are my safeguards. The primers of my culture.’ (Kristeva 4) By declaring American Psycho depraved filth borne out of a depraved mind, mainstream society was able to ignore the urgent warnings for western culture implicit in the text. Fifteen years after its publication it remains relevant, and a terrible prophecy of the situation we find ourselves. A society that laments murder and violence but consistently fails to recognise its complicity. A society which continues to champion individualism but refuses to take responsibility for the consequences of such a manifesto. Filth—in all its incarnations—reminds us of our humanity, in all its messy, frightening, stinking glory. Our work is further anchored and framed in a carnal discourse of ‘filth’ by this issue’s cover image—Julie Firth’s ‘Always Already (Not) There’, from the corpus of her recent video installation exhibition Stain. Julie’s accompanying paper ‘Ineradicable Stain’ elucidates the theoretical background to this artwork, and the nature of its process of creation—one of carnal union with the abject, involving transcendence of revulsion in a process sacred to the artist, but likely to be considered blasphemous in the context of her religious and cultural frame. Firth tells us that ‘Stain is about forgiveness’. She cites the work as ‘a protest against any beliefs that position individual, cultures, religions into polarised extremes of hatred’ and as ‘an appeal for reintegration, self-acceptance, and a plea to bear the unbearable’. Well known cult writer and academic Jack Sargeant explores the increasing prevalence of anal sex in heterosexual pornography, and its various scatological implications in his article ‘Filth and Sexual Excess: Some Brief Reflections on Popular Scatology’. Sargeant reminds us that ‘shit is the part of us that both defies and defines humanity’, and the combining of shit and sex symbolises one of the final taboos in human relationships. This is an especially confronting article, but it lucidly and poignantly unpacks our revulsion and our fascination with bodily waste; and the carnal union represented in scatology. Vivienne Muller’s paper discusses the aesthetic displays of plastinated human cadavers, in The Amazing Human Body exhibition currently touring Australia and in the art of showman anatomist Gunther von Hagens, in the context of Kristeva’s illustration of the abject, that which ‘disturbs identity, system, order’ (4), in corporeal terms. The display of the sculpted human corpse—in both it’s external and internal organicity—as objet d’art constitutes a abject breach of boundaries and conventions that shows us something of what Kristeva has described as ‘what I permanently thrust aside in order to live’. Although she does not address John Scott’s work directly, Muller’s discourse of the mortician’s art raises to mind Scott’s narrative ‘Elegy’ in which his loathsome Pogliani sneers, referring to the dead poet’s sister: “You’ll find her in the galleries. She has requested les embaumers.” He breathed forcefully through the nose. “It is ridiculous, when there’s so little left to be preserved! At least the stench will make her easier to find.” (Translation 60) Patrick West offers us a careful and concise critical piece, based in his knowledge of the literary discourse generated by Kristeva’s work, and applied to Janet Frame’s The Carpathians. West argues the case that ‘Abjection is the … discovery by the subject that what lies without also lies within, that to be one is also to be an other. Not that one necessarily lives on the edge, but that the edge is what makes us live.’ In the context of Frame’s work, he politicises corporeal abjection and declares to us that the ‘body is abjectly ripe with language.’ By comparing urinary and faecal incontinence with the concept of a nation’s ‘leaky borders’, Farida Tilbury also invokes a discourse of corporeal abjection, of the loss of control of the boundary between what is inside and what is outside, the me and the not-me. Within our discourse of ‘filth’, her work advances from the ground that Patrick West has taken with respect to the political implications of bodily metaphors and that of Vivienne Muller’s paper on breaches of physical boundaries and conventions. The infamous Bondi ‘rubbish house’ has been presented by tabloid television time and again as an assault on the aspirations of home-owners in John Howard’s Australia. In her article ‘Location, Location: Situating Bondi’s “Rubbish House”’, Kirsten Seale uses the media coverage of the Bondi home, and it’s owner, as a metaphor for Australian mainstream society’s distaste for ‘matter out of place’ and it’s transgressive qualities in the capitalist social space. The impact on young people of violent video games has, and continues to be, an important aspect in the argument for censorship. Scott Beattie in ‘Extremity, Video Games and the Censors’ takes up the argument that ‘the trend toward censorship of games in Australia would seem to bear the hallmarks of a moral panic’. Beattie proposes that more critical academic engagement in the booming video game industry is necessary to change the prevalent disparaging attitude toward gaming and gamers. As does Kirsten Seale’s article, Beattie’s explores the sociological and political dimensions of labelling ‘filth’. Imogen Tyler guides us through the filthy territory of class politics in her article ‘Chav Scum: The Filthy Politics of Social Class in Contemporary Britain.’ The trope of the chav has become a highly emotive symbol and reviled figure in contemporary Britain. Imogen Tyler unpacks the role of the chav in British society using theories of the despised Other. In ‘Matter Out of Place: Reading Dirty Women’ Carol Wical reads the role of dirt and women in the film Alien to illuminate the disruptive role of mess – particularly when the mess is attached to women. When women are represented as literally dirty in film it is often to signal their status as unfeminine; in direct contrast to the role of dirt as a signifier of courage and effort on male characters. To conclude the issue, Jason Bainbridge sticks a fork into the turf of suburbia and turns it over to reveal its underbelly, teeming with ‘filth’. He applies the critical writings of John Hartley and Mary Douglas to the cinematic work of David Lynch and Todd Solondz on the soiling of suburban life. He describes the way in which Lynch’s character in Blue Velvet, college student Jeffrey Beaumont, is traumatised by his voyeuristic adventures. John Scott’s Carl, from ‘Preface’, who follows the magician’s advice given in our introductory epigraph, also is corrupted and comes to a bad end. We editors, now baptised in the cesspool of our filthy investigations, turn to our suburban lives, fearful lest you buttonhole us sternly in the street, like Sandy in Blue Velvet saying: ‘I don’t know if you’re a detective or a pervert!” References Kristeva, Julia. Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection. Trans. Leon S. Roudiez. New York: Columbia UP, 1982. Scott, John. St Clair. Sydney: Pan MacMillan, 1990. ———. Translation. Sydney: Pan MacMillan, 1990. Citation reference for this article MLA Style Leggett, Andrew, and Donna Hancox. "filth." M/C Journal 9.5 (2006). echo date('d M. Y'); ?> <http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0610/00-editorial.php>. APA Style Leggett, A., and D. Hancox. (Nov. 2006) "filth," M/C Journal, 9(5). Retrieved echo date('d M. Y'); ?> from <http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0610/00-editorial.php>.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Urinary incontinence – Australia'

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