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Journal articles on the topic 'Urge to cough'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Hilton, Emma, Imran Satia, Kimberley Holt, Ashley A. Woodcock, John Belcher, and Jaclyn A. Smith. "The effect of pain conditioning on experimentally evoked cough: evidence of impaired endogenous inhibitory control mechanisms in refractory chronic cough." European Respiratory Journal 56, no. 6 (July 23, 2020): 2001387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01387-2020.

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The pathophysiology of refractory chronic cough (RCC) is unclear. We hypothesised that endogenous inhibitory control mechanisms, such as those activated by noxious stimuli inducing pain (conditioned pain modulation) may be capable of inhibiting coughing and urge to cough evoked by inhaled capsaicin. Furthermore, these mechanisms may be impaired in patients with RCC.The objective was to investigate the effects of pain on cough and urge to cough in healthy volunteers and RCC patients. Healthy volunteers and RCC patients underwent a randomised, controlled, four-way crossover study comparing the effect of four interventions on capsaicin-evoked coughing and urge to cough. The interventions comprised immersing a hand in 1) noxious cold water; 2) warm water; 3) warm water, but subjects were instructed to voluntarily supress coughing; and 4) no intervention. The co-primary outcomes were numbers of evoked coughs and urge to cough scores.20 healthy volunteers (mean±sd age 50.1±14.2 years, male:female 10:10) and 20 RCC patients (age 60.1±7.9 years, male:female 9:11) participated. Overall, noxious cold water reduced capsaicin-evoked urge-to-cough scores and cough numbers compared with warm water (1.6 (95% CI 1.3–2.0) versus 2.2 (1.8–2.6), p<0.001 and 4.8 (3.7–6.2) coughs versus 7.9 (6.7–9.5) coughs, p<0.001, respectively). Healthy volunteers and RCC patients demonstrated similar reductions in the urge to cough during noxious cold-water immersion, but noxious cold water and voluntary suppression interventions were less effective at reducing capsaicin-evoked cough in RCC patients than in healthy volunteers (p=0.041).Endogenous inhibitory control mechanisms, specifically those activated by pain, can reduce both coughing and the urge to cough. Impairment of endogenous inhibitory control mechanisms may contribute to excessive coughing in RCC.

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2

Sato, Ryuhei, Peijun Gui, Kumiko Ito, Masahiro Kohzuki, and Satoru Ebihara. "Effect of Short-Term Exposure to High Particulate Levels on Cough Reflex Sensitivity in Healthy Tourists: A Pilot Study." Open Respiratory Medicine Journal 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2016): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874306401610010096.

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Background: Previous studies have reported a relationship between particulate air pollution and respiratory symptoms or decline in lung function, but information about acute effects of short-term exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) on cough and pulmonary function is scarce. Objective: To investigate the effect of short-term exposure to high concentrations of PM on the cough reflex threshold, urge-to-cough, pulmonary function, and cough-related quality of life in a group of healthy non-resident volunteers visiting Beijing, China. Methods: Seventeen healthy residents of Sendai, Japan, who planned to attend a meeting in Beijing, were recruited. We checked local air quality and measured cough reflex thresholds, urge-to-cough, pulmonary function, and Leicester Cough Questionnaire-acute (LCQ-acute) scores in the volunteers before, during, and after their trip to Beijing. Results: The PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in Beijing were significantly higher than those in Japan on the measurement days. Cough reflex thresholds, expressed as nebulized citric acid concentrations required to induce ≥ 2 and ≥ 5 coughs, were significantly lower during the stay in Beijing than before or after the visit. Vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC were significantly lower during the stay in Beijing than before the trip. Similarly, the urge-to-cough threshold was significantly lower during the stay in Beijing than after the trip, as was the total LCQ-acute score. Conclusion: We tentatively concluded that short-term exposure to high PM concentrations may have adverse effects on cough reflex and urge-to-cough thresholds, pulmonary function, and cough-related quality of life.

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3

Ebihara, Takae, Peijun Gui, Chika Ooyama, Koichi Kozaki, and Satoru Ebihara. "Cough reflex sensitivity and urge-to-cough deterioration in dementia with Lewy bodies." ERJ Open Research 6, no. 1 (January 2020): 00108–2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00108-2019.

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Cough, an important respiratory symptom, predominantly involves the brainstem and the urge-to-cough (UTC) is modulated by the cerebral cortex. Lewy body disease is associated with decreased cough reflex sensitivity and central respiratory chemosensitivity. Additionally, the insula, associated with the UTC, shows decreased activation and atrophy in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We investigated the relationships between cognition and cough reflex and the UTC and compared the differences in responses of patients with DLB and other dementia subtypes.We conducted a cross-sectional study within a geriatric ward of a university hospital involving elderly patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD), DLB, or non-dementia (controls). The cough reflex sensitivities were estimated based on the lowest concentrations of inhaled citric acid that could induce ≥2 coughs (C2) or ≥5 coughs (C5). Subjects were asked to rate the UTC based on the threshold concentrations (Cu) using the modified Borg scale.C2, C5 and Cu were negatively correlated with cognitive function in female participants but not in males (p<0.01). The cough reflex sensitivities expressed as C2 and C5 were significantly higher in the DLB group than in the AD and control groups (p<0.01 adjusted for gender). The UTC threshold expressed as Cu was also significantly higher in the DLB group, while the UTC log–log slope was less responsive in the DLB group than in the other groups.The cough reflex sensitivity and perceived UTC deteriorated in the DLB group more than in the other groups. This result might be valuable in treating patients with DLB.

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4

Bolser, Donald C. "A streetcar named urge-to-cough." Journal of Applied Physiology 108, no. 5 (May 2010): 1030–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00177.2010.

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5

Davenport, Paul W. "Urge-to-Cough: What Can It Teach Us About Cough?" Lung 186, S1 (October 22, 2007): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00408-007-9045-7.

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6

Mannini, Claudia, Guja Bernacchi, Viola Bonti, Elenia Cinelli, Donatella Mutolo, Giovanni A. Fontana, and Federico Lavorini. "Somatic points for cough and urge to cough in chronic coughers." Respiratory Medicine 200 (August 2022): 106929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2022.106929.

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7

Janssens, Thomas, Lieven Dupont, and Omer Van den Bergh. "Conditioned cough and urge-to-cough in a category learning task." Biological Psychology 129 (October 2017): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.08.026.

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8

Kum, Elena, Gordon H. Guyatt, Caroline Munoz, Suzanne Beaudin, Shelly-Anne Li, Rayid Abdulqawi, Huda Badri, et al. "Assessing cough symptom severity in refractory or unexplained chronic cough: findings from patient focus groups and an international expert panel." ERJ Open Research 8, no. 1 (January 2022): 00667–2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00667-2021.

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BackgroundCough symptom severity represents an important subjective end-point to assess the impact of therapies for patients with refractory or unexplained chronic cough (RCC/UCC). As existing instruments assessing the severity of cough are neither widely available nor tested for measurement properties, we aim to develop a new patient-reported outcome measure addressing cough severity.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to establish items and domains that would inform development of a new cough severity instrument.MethodsThree focus groups involving 16 adult patients with RCC/UCC provided data that we analysed using directed content analysis. Discussions led to consensus among an international panel of 15 experts on candidate items and domains to assess cough severity.ResultsThe patient focus group provided 48 unique items arranged under broad domains of urge-to-cough sensations and cough symptom. Feedback from expert panel members confirmed the appropriateness of items and domains, and provided an additional subdomain related to cough triggers. The final conceptual framework comprised 51 items in the following domains: urge-to-cough sensations (subdomains: frequency and intensity) and cough symptom (subdomains: triggers, control, frequency, fit/bout duration, intensity, quality and associated features/sequelae).ConclusionsConsensus findings from patients and international experts established domains of urge-to-cough and cough symptom with associated subdomains and relevant items. The results support item generation and content validity for a novel patient-reported outcome measure for use in health research and clinical practice.

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9

Kum, Elena, Gordon H. Guyatt, Tahira Devji, Yuting Wang, Layla Bakaa, Lucy Lan, Eva Liu, et al. "Cough symptom severity in patients with refractory or unexplained chronic cough: a systematic survey and conceptual framework." European Respiratory Review 30, no. 161 (July 13, 2021): 210104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0104-2021.

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BackgroundCough severity represents an important subjective endpoint in assessing the effectiveness of therapies for patients with chronic cough. Although cough-specific quality of life questionnaires exist, a widely available cough severity instrument with established measurement properties remains unavailable.AimsTo identify and summarise the results of studies reporting on the experience of patients with chronic cough and, in the process, develop a conceptual framework to inform development of a patient-reported outcome measurement (PROM) addressing cough severity.ResultsWe identified 61 eligible studies reporting on patient experience with chronic cough. Studies provided 82 potential items, of which 43 proved unique and relevant to cough severity. The urge-to-cough sensation and the cough symptom itself represented broad domains of cough severity. Two subdomains under urge-to-cough included frequency (1 item) and intensity (1 item). Five subdomains under cough symptoms included control (2 items), frequency (6 items), bout duration (1 item), intensity (8 items), and associated features/sequelae (24 items).ConclusionsOur systematic survey and conceptual framework identified items and domains of cough severity in patients with refractory or unexplained chronic cough. The results support item generation and content validity for a PROM assessing cough severity.

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10

Hilton, Emma, Paul Marsden, Andrew Thurston, Stephen Kennedy, Samantha Decalmer, and Jaclyn A. Smith. "Clinical features of the urge-to-cough in patients with chronic cough." Respiratory Medicine 109, no. 6 (June 2015): 701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2015.03.011.

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11

Janssens, Thomas, Sarah Brepoels, Lieven Dupont, and Omer Van den Bergh. "The impact of harmfulness information on citric acid induced cough and urge-to-cough." Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 31 (April 2015): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2015.01.002.

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12

Ando, Ayaka, Stuart B. Mazzone, and Michael J. Farrell. "Altered neural activity in brain cough suppression networks in cigarette smokers." European Respiratory Journal 54, no. 3 (June 27, 2019): 1900362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00362-2019.

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Cough is important for airway defence, and studies in healthy animals and humans have revealed multiple brain networks intimately involved in the perception of airway irritation, cough induction and cough suppression. Changes in cough sensitivity and/or the ability to suppress cough accompany pulmonary pathologies, suggesting a level of plasticity is possible in these central neural circuits. However, little is known about how persistent inputs from the lung might modify the brain processes regulating cough.In the present study, we used human functional brain imaging to investigate the central neural responses that accompany an altered cough sensitivity in cigarette smokers.In nonsmokers, inhalation of the airway irritant capsaicin induced a transient urge-to-cough associated with the activation of a distributed brain network that included sensory, prefrontal and motor cortical regions. Cigarette smokers demonstrated significantly higher thresholds for capsaicin-induced urge-to-cough, consistent with a reduced sensitivity to airway irritation. Intriguingly, this was accompanied by increased activation in brain regions known to be involved in both cough sensory processing (primary sensorimotor cortex) and cough suppression (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the midbrain nucleus cuneiformis). Activations in the prefrontal cortex were highest among participants with the least severe smoking behaviour, whereas those in the midbrain correlated with more severe smoking behaviour.These outcomes suggest that smoking-induced sensitisation of central cough neural circuits is offset by concurrently enhanced central suppression. Furthermore, central suppression mechanisms may evolve with the severity of smoke exposure, changing from initial prefrontal inhibition to more primitive midbrain processes as exposure increases.

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13

Castro, Rebecca A., Craig H. Zalvan, and Craig Berzofsky. "Oto-tricho-tussia: An Unexpected Cause of Cough." Case Reports in Otolaryngology 2020 (March 31, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3527481.

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Chronic cough is a frequently encountered condition with multiple etiologies. In patients with neurogenic chronic cough, peripheral laryngopharyngeal hypersensitivity of the vagus nerve stimulates the cough reflex. We present three cases of “Oto-tricho-tussia,” describing hair within the ear canal stimulating Arnold’s branch of the vagus nerve and triggering the urge-to-cough. All three patients experienced significant improvement or complete resolution of their cough symptoms after removal of the hair resting on their tympanic membrane and external auditory canal. We encourage ear canal examination and promotion of proper ear cleaning habits as this is an easily treatable consideration for the cause of chronic cough.

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14

Frohnhofen, Helmut. "Hustenreflex bei Demenz: Differenzierte Medikamentenstrategie zur Vermeidung von Pneumonien nutzen." Kompass Pneumologie 8, no. 4 (2020): 208–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000509166.

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Cough, an important respiratory symptom, predominantly involves the brainstem and the urge-to-cough (UTC) is modulated by the cerebral cortex. Lewy body disease is associated with decreased cough reflex sensitivity and central respiratory chemosensitivity. Additionally, the insula, associated with the UTC, shows decreased activation and atrophy in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We investigated the relationships between cognition and cough reflex and the UTC and compared the differences in responses of patients with DLB and other dementia subtypes. We conducted a cross-sectional study within a geriatric ward of a university hospital involving elderly patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), DLB, or non-dementia (controls). The cough reflex sensitivities were estimated based on the lowest concentrations of inhaled citric acid that could induce ≥2 coughs (C2) or ≥5 coughs (C5). Subjects were asked to rate the UTC based on the threshold concentrations (Cu) using the modified Borg scale. C2, C5 and Cu were negatively correlated with cognitive function in female participants but not in males (p < 0.01). The cough reflex sensitivities expressed as C2 and C5 were significantly higher in the DLB group than in the AD and control groups (p < 0.01 adjusted for gender). The UTC threshold expressed as Cu was also significantly higher in the DLB group, while the UTC log-log slope was less responsive in the DLB group than in the other groups. The cough reflex sensitivity and perceived UTC deteriorated in the DLB group more than in the other groups. This result might be valuable in treating patients with DLB.

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15

Kanezaki, Masashi, Satoru Ebihara, Etsuhiro Nikkuni, Peijun Gui, Chihiro Suda, Takae Ebihara, Miyako Yamasaki, and Masahiro Kohzuki. "Perception of urge-to-cough and dyspnea in healthy smokers with decreased cough reflex sensitivity." Cough 6, no. 1 (2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1745-9974-6-1.

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16

Young, E. C., H. Sumner, A. Kelsall, A. A. Woodcock, and J. A. Smith. "S116 Urge-to-cough intensity in chronic cough patients compared to asthmatics and healthy controls." Thorax 65, Suppl 4 (November 16, 2010): A53—A54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.2010.150946.17.

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17

Davenport, Paul W., Andrea Vovk, Rita K. Duke, Donald C. Bolser, and Erin Robertson. "The urge-to-cough and cough motor response modulation by the central effects of nicotine." Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 22, no. 2 (April 2009): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2008.11.013.

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18

Yamanda, Shinsuke, Satoru Ebihara, Takae Ebihara, Miyako Yamasaki, Takaaki Asamura, Masanori Asada, Kaori Une, and Hiroyuki Arai. "Impaired urge-to-cough in elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia." Cough 4, no. 1 (2008): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1745-9974-4-11.

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19

DICPINIGAITIS, PETER V., WILLIAM A. RHOTON, RAJANI BHAT, and ABDISSA NEGASSA. "Investigation of the urge-to-cough sensation in healthy volunteers." Respirology 17, no. 2 (January 24, 2012): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.02094.x.

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20

Bautista, Tara G., Jennifer Leech, Stuart B. Mazzone, and Michael J. Farrell. "Regional brain stem activations during capsaicin inhalation using functional magnetic resonance imaging in humans." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 1171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00547.2018.

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Coughing is an airway protective behavior elicited by airway irritation. Animal studies show that airway sensory information is relayed via vagal sensory fibers to termination sites within dorsal caudal brain stem and thereafter relayed to more rostral sites. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans, we previously reported that inhalation of the tussigenic stimulus capsaicin evokes a perception of airway irritation (“urge to cough”) accompanied by activations in a widely distributed brain network including the primary sensorimotor, insular, prefrontal, and posterior parietal cortices. Here we refine our imaging approach to provide a directed survey of brain stem areas activated by airway irritation. In 15 healthy participants, inhalation of capsaicin at a maximal dose that elicits a strong urge to cough without behavioral coughing was associated with activation of medullary regions overlapping with the nucleus of the solitary tract, paratrigeminal nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract, cardiorespiratory regulatory areas homologous to the ventrolateral medulla in animals, and the midline raphe. Interestingly, the magnitude of activation within two cardiorespiratory regulatory areas was positively correlated ( r2 = 0.47, 0.48) with participants’ subjective ratings of their urge to cough. Capsaicin-related activations were also observed within the pons and midbrain. The current results add to knowledge of the representation and processing of information regarding airway irritation in the human brain, which is pertinent to the pursuit of novel cough therapies. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Functional brain imaging in humans was optimized for the brain stem. We provide the first detailed description of brain stem sites activated in response to airway irritation. The results are consistent with findings in animal studies and extend our foundational knowledge of brain processing of airway irritation in humans.

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21

Tsai, Hsiu-Wen, Kevin Fennelly, Karen Wheeler-Hegland, Sherry Adams, Jillian Condrey, Jennifer L. Hosford, and Paul W. Davenport. "Cough physiology in elderly women with nontuberculous mycobacterial lung infections." Journal of Applied Physiology 122, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 1262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00939.2016.

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Elderly white, thin, nonsmoking women appear to be more susceptible to lung infections with Mycobacterium avium complex and other nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). It has been postulated that such disease in women is related to suppression of their cough. We hypothesized that patients with pulmonary NTM (pNTM) infections may have altered cough physiology compared with unaffected control subjects. We used capsaicin-induced cough to assess the cough reflex in pNTM subjects. Eight elderly white women with stable chronic pNTM infections and six unaffected age-matched control subjects were recruited. There was no significant difference between groups in capsaicin-elicited cough motor response, airflow pattern, or cough frequency. The urge-to-cough (UTC) score at the lowest capsaicin concentration was significantly lower in pNTM than control subjects ( P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the UTC score between pNTM and control subjects at >50 μM capsaicin. These results suggest lower UTC sensitivity to the lowest concentration of capsaicin in pNTM than control subjects. In other words, the pNTM subjects do not sense a UTC when the stimulus is relatively small. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study investigates the cough motor response and cough sensitivity in patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection. In elderly white female pulmonary NTM subjects, we demonstrated a capacity to produce coughs similar to that of age-matched control subjects but decreased cough sensitivity in response to a low dose of capsaicin compared with control subjects. These findings are important to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in NTM disease in elderly white women and/or the syndrome developing in elderly white female NTM patients.

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22

Silverman, Erin, Christine M. Sapienza, Sarah Miller, Giselle Carnaby, Charles Levy, Hsiu-Wen Tsai, and Paul W. Davenport. "Preliminary Evidence of Reduced Urge to Cough and Cough Response in Four Individuals following Remote Traumatic Brain Injury with Tracheostomy." Canadian Respiratory Journal 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6875210.

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Cough and swallow protect the lungs and are frequently impaired following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This project examined cough response to inhaled capsaicin solution challenge in a cohort of four young adults with a history of TBI within the preceding five years. All participants had a history of tracheostomy with subsequent decannulation and dysphagia after their injuries (resolved for all but one participant). Urge to cough (UTC) and cough response were measured and compared to an existing database of normative cough response data obtained from 32 healthy controls (HCs). Participants displayed decreased UTC and cough responses compared to HCs. It is unknown if these preliminary results manifest as a consequence of disrupted sensory (afferent) projections, an inability to perceive or discriminate cough stimuli, disrupted motor (efferent) response, peripheral weakness, or any combination of these factors. Future work should attempt to clarify if the observed phenomena are borne out in a larger sample of individuals with TBI, determine the relative contributions of central versus peripheral nervous system structures to cough sensory perceptual changes following TBI (should they exist), and formulate recommendations for systematic screening and assessment of cough sensory perception in order to facilitate rehabilitative efforts. This project is identified with the National Clinical TrialsNCT02240329.

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23

Leech, Jennifer, Stuart B. Mazzone, and Michael J. Farrell. "The Effect of Placebo Conditioning on Capsaicin-Evoked Urge to Cough." Chest 142, no. 4 (October 2012): 951–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.12-0362.

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24

Dicpinigaitis, Peter V., Alfredo Lee Chang, Alis J. Dicpinigaitis, and Abdissa Negassa. "Effect of Electronic Cigarette Use on the Urge-to-Cough Sensation." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 18, no. 8 (January 22, 2016): 1763–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw021.

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25

Wallace, Emma, Esther Guiu Hernandez, Alicia Ang, and Phoebe Macrae. "Quantifying test-retest variability of natural and suppressed citric acid cough thresholds and urge to cough ratings." Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 58 (October 2019): 101838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2019.101838.

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26

Murgia, Vitalia, Sara Manti, Amelia Licari, Maria De Filippo, Giorgio Ciprandi, and Gian Luigi Marseglia. "Upper Respiratory Tract Infection-Associated Acute Cough and the Urge to Cough: New Insights for Clinical Practice." Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ped.2019.1135.

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27

Hegland, Karen W., Donald C. Bolser, and Paul W. Davenport. "Volitional control of reflex cough." Journal of Applied Physiology 113, no. 1 (July 1, 2012): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01299.2011.

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Multiple studies suggest a role for the cerebral cortex in the generation of reflex cough in awake humans. Reflex cough is preceded by detection of an urge to cough; strokes specifically within the cerebral cortex can affect parameters of reflex cough, and reflex cough can be voluntarily suppressed. However, it is not known to what extent healthy, awake humans can volitionally modulate the cough reflex, aside from suppression. The aims of this study were to determine whether conscious humans can volitionally modify their reflexive cough and, if so, to determine what parameters of the cough waveform and corresponding muscle activity can be modified. Twenty adults (18–40 yr, 4 men) volunteered for study participation and gave verbal and written informed consent. Participants were seated and outfitted with a facemask and pneumotacograph, and two surface EMG electrodes were positioned over expiratory muscles. Capsaicin (200 μM) was delivered via dosimeter and one-way (inspiratory) valve attached to a side port between the facemask and pneumotachograph. Cough airflow and surface EMG activity were recorded across tasks including 1) baseline, 2) small cough (cough smaller or softer than normal), 3) long cough (cough longer or louder than normal), and 4) not cough (alternative behavior). All participants coughed in response to 200 μM capsaicin and were able to modify the cough. Variables exhibiting changes include those related to the peak airflow during the expiratory phase. Results demonstrate that it is possible to volitionally modify cough motor output characteristics.

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28

Gui, Peijun, Satoru Ebihara, Takae Ebihara, Masashi Kanezaki, Naohiro Kashiwazaki, Kumiko Ito, and Masahiro Kohzuki. "Urge-to-cough and dyspnea conceal perception of pain in healthy adults." Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 181, no. 2 (April 2012): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2012.03.010.

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29

Troche, Michelle S., Karen W. Hegland, Alexandra Brandimore, and Beate Schumann. "Urge-to-cough as a clinical predictor of dysphagia in Parkinson's disease." Biological Psychology 129 (October 2017): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.08.009.

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30

Ebihara, Satoru, Takae Ebihara, Masashi Kanezaki, Peijun Gui, Miyako Yamasaki, Hiroyuki Arai, and Masahiro Kohzuki. "Aging deteriorated perception of urge-to-cough without changing cough reflex threshold to citric acid in female never-smokers." Cough 7, no. 1 (2011): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1745-9974-7-3.

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31

Eccles, Ron, Peter Dicpinigaitis, Ronald B. Turner, Howard M. Druce, Maryann Adeleke, and Ashley L. Mann. "Characterization of urge to cough and cough symptoms associated with the common cold: results of a US internet survey." Postgraduate Medicine 128, no. 5 (May 21, 2016): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2016.1185376.

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32

Leech, Jennifer, Stuart B. Mazzone, and Michael J. Farrell. "Brain Activity Associated with Placebo Suppression of the Urge-to-Cough in Humans." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 188, no. 9 (November 2013): 1069–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201306-1079oc.

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33

Davenport, P. W., D. C. Bolser, T. Vickroy, R. B. Berry, A. D. Martin, John A. Hey, and M. Danzig. "The effect of codeine on the Urge-to-Cough response to inhaled capsaicin." Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 20, no. 4 (August 2007): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2006.10.012.

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34

Dicpinigaitis, Peter V., Rajani Bhat, William A. Rhoton, Amit S. Tibb, and Abdissa Negassa. "Effect of viral upper respiratory tract infection on the urge-to-cough sensation." Respiratory Medicine 105, no. 4 (April 2011): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2010.12.002.

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35

Lavorini, Federico, Giovanni A. Fontana, Elisa Chellini, Chiara Magni, Roberto Duranti, and John Widdicombe. "Desensitization of the cough reflex by exercise and voluntary isocapnic hyperpnea." Journal of Applied Physiology 108, no. 5 (May 2010): 1061–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00423.2009.

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Little is known about the effects of exercise on the sensory and cognitive aspects of coughing evoked by inhalation of tussigenic agents. The threshold for the cough reflex induced by inhalation of increasing nebulizer outputs of ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (fog), an index of cough reflex sensitivity, was assessed in twelve healthy humans in control conditions, during exercise and during voluntary isocapnic hyperpnea (VIH) at the same ventilatory level as the exercise. The intensity of the urge to cough (UTC), a cognitive component of coughing, was recorded throughout the trials on a linear scale. The relationships between inhaled fog nebulizer outputs and the correspondingly evoked UTC values, an index of the perceptual magnitude of the UTC sensitivity, were also calculated. Cough appearance was always assessed audiovisually. At an exercise level of 80% of anaerobic threshold, the median cough threshold was increased from a control value of 0.73 to 2.22 ml/min ( P < 0.01), i.e., cough sensitivity was downregulated. With VIH, the threshold increased from 0.73 to 2.22 ml/min ( P < 0.01), a similar downregulation. With exercise and VIH compared with control, mean UTC values at cough threshold were unchanged, i.e., control, 3.83 cm; exercise, 3.12 cm; VIH, 4.08 cm. The relationship of the fog nebulizer output/UTC value was linear in control conditions and logarithmic during both exercise and VIH. The perception of the magnitude of the UTC seems to be influenced by signals or sensations arising from exercising limb and thoracic muscles and/or by higher nervous (cortical) mechanisms. The results indicate that the adjustments brought into action by exercise-induced or voluntary hyperpnea exert inhibitory influences on the sensory and cognitive components of fog-induced cough.

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Farrell, Michael J., Leonie J. Cole, David Chiapoco, Gary F. Egan, and Stuart B. Mazzone. "Neural correlates coding stimulus level and perception of capsaicin-evoked urge-to-cough in humans." NeuroImage 61, no. 4 (July 2012): 1324–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.030.

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Brandimore, Alexandra E., Michelle S. Troche, and Karen W. Hegland. "The influence of age on perception of the urge-to-cough in healthy older adults." Biological Psychology 129 (October 2017): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.08.034.

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Kanezaki, Masashi, and Satoru Ebihara. "Effect of facial skin cooling induced by a handheld fan on the cough reflex threshold and urge to cough induced by citric acid." ERJ Open Research 5, no. 4 (October 2019): 00089–2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00089-2019.

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Kashiwazaki, Naohiro, Satoru Ebihara, Peijun Gui, Norihiro Katayama, Kumiko Ito, Ryuhei Sato, Chika Oyama, Takae Ebihara, and Masahiro Kohzuki. "Inhibitory effect of cervical trachea and chest wall vibrations on cough reflex sensitivity and perception of urge-to-cough in healthy male never-smokers." Cough 9, no. 1 (2013): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1745-9974-9-22.

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Mazzone, Stuart B., Lisa McLennan, Alice E. McGovern, Gary F. Egan, and Michael J. Farrell. "Representation of Capsaicin-evoked Urge-to-Cough in the Human Brain Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 176, no. 4 (August 15, 2007): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200612-1856oc.

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Driessen, Alexandria K., Michael J. Farrell, Stuart B. Mazzone, and Alice E. McGovern. "Multiple neural circuits mediating airway sensations: Recent advances in the neurobiology of the urge-to-cough." Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 226 (June 2016): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2015.09.017.

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Dicpinigaitis, Peter, Howard M. Druce, Ron Eccles, Ronald Turner, Maryann Attah, and Ashley L. Mann. "Characterization of Urge to Cough in Patients with the Common Cold: Results from a US Internet Survey." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 137, no. 2 (February 2016): AB202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1101.

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Gui, Peijun, Satoru Ebihara, Masashi Kanezaki, Chihiro Suda, Etsuhiro Nikkuni, Takae Ebihara, Miyako Yamasaki, and Masahiro Kohzuki. "Gender Differences in Perceptions of Urge To Cough and Dyspnea Induced by Citric Acid in Healthy Never Smokers." Chest 138, no. 5 (November 2010): 1166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.10-0588.

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Gui, Peijun, Takae Ebihara, Ryuhei Sato, Kumiko Ito, Masahiro Kohzuki, and Satoru Ebihara. "Gender differences in the effect of urge-to-cough and dyspnea on perception of pain in healthy adults." Physiological Reports 2, no. 8 (August 2014): e12126. http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12126.

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Wille, S., R. Von Knobloch, and R. Hofmann. "365Minimal invasive cough leak point pressure (CLPP) measurements differentiates between patients with pure stress, pure urge or mixed incontinence." European Urology Supplements 4, no. 3 (March 2005): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-9056(05)80371-9.

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Priya, Bhanu, Nilanchali Singh, and Shalini Rajaram. "Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence during antenatal period in women delivering in a tertiary care center of Northern India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 6 (May 22, 2017): 2071. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172179.

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Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a commonly encountered entity in antenatal and postpartum period. It is known to have detrimental effects on quality of life in approximately 54.3% of all pregnant women. However, the true prevalence of UI is still not known, especially in the South East Asia. This study has investigated the prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence during antenatal period.Methods: 500 women admitted in postnatal ward were interviewed retrospectively about the UI occurred during antenatal period, using questionnaire. The study was done over a period of six months. Detailed information regarding risk factors of urinary incontinence was included in questionnaire based on previous validated studies. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20 using chi square test. P value <0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Total 500 women were interviewed and based on questionnaire. 202 reported incontinence, thus giving a prevalence of 40.4%, out of that 192 (45.5%) had stress urinary incontinence (SUI), 40(19.8%) had urge urinary incontinence (UUI) and 70 (34.6%) had mixed incontinence. The risk factors like bladder infections and chronic cough had significant association with urinary incontinence. Advancing gestation had worsening effects on the symptoms of UI (p =0.000).Conclusions: Urinary incontinence is a common and neglected problem with poor treatment seeking behavior. SUI is more common in pregnant women than urge or mixed incontinence. Obstetricians need to ask have precise interrogation regarding UI in pregnant women to diagnose and treat the problem.

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Wille, Sebastian, Rolf von Knobloch, and Rainer Hofmann. "1310: Minimal Invasive Cough Leak Point Pressure (CLPP) Measurements Differentiates Between Patients with Pure Stress, Pure Urge or Mixed Incontinence." Journal of Urology 173, no. 4S (April 2005): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(18)35455-7.

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Anh, Nguyen Ngoc, Le Dinh Tung, Ngo Xuan Khoa, Le Manh Cuong, Nguyen Xuan Hung, Nguyen Thi Thu Hang, Pham Phuc Khanh, Nguyen Van Huy, and Vu Duy Kien. "Normal Values and Associated Factors in High-resolution Anorectal Manometry in Healthy Vietnamese Adults." Journal of Coloproctology 41, no. 01 (March 2021): 070–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1726078.

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Abstract Introduction The present study aims to identify normal high-resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) values and related factors in healthy Vietnamese adults. Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted at the Viet Duc hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam, during April and May 2019. Healthy volunteers were recruited to participate in the study. Anorectal measurement values from the digestive tract, including pressure, were recorded. Results A total of 76 healthy volunteers were recruited. The mean functional anal canal length was 4.2 ± 0.5 cm, while the mean anal high-pressure zone length was 3.4 ± 0.5 cm. The mean defecation index was 1.4 ± 0.8, with values ranging from 0.3 to 5.0. The mean threshold volume to elicit the rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) was 18.1 mL. The mean rectal sensation values were 32.4 mL, 81.6 mL, and 159 mL for first sensation, desire to defecate, and urge to defecate, respectively. Dyssynergic patterns occurred in ∼ 50% of the study participants and included mainly types I (27.6%) and III (14.6%). There were significant differences between male and female patients in terms of maximum anal squeeze pressure, maximum anal cough pressure, maximum anal strain pressure, maximum rectal cough pressure, and maximum rectal strain pressure (all p < 0.01). Conclusions The present study establishes normal HRAM values in healthy Vietnamese adults, particularly regarding normal values of anorectal pressure and rectal sensation. Further studies that include larger sample sizes should be conducted to further confirm the constants and their relationships.

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Durcan, Robert, Olwen Murphy, Valerie Reid, and Tim Lynch. "Guillain-Barré syndrome mimicking botulism in early disease course." Practical Neurology 18, no. 6 (July 30, 2018): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2018-001891.

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A 42-year-old man, returning to Europe after a 2-month stay in China, reported cough and runny nose. Five days later, he developed neck discomfort and rapidly evolving weakness, spreading from his arms to the facial, bulbar and neck muscles, and then the legs. He developed dysphagia and breathlessness, and was intubated in the emergency department. Cerebrospinal fluid showed mildly elevated protein. On day 2 he had fixed dilated pupils, with absent oculocephalic reflexes, and a flaccid upper limb paralysis. MR scans of the brain and spinal cord were normal. The early features of descending weakness, bulbar involvement and fixed dilated pupils made it difficult to distinguish between Guillain-Barré syndrome and botulism, and early investigations were inconclusive. We initially gave both botulinum antitoxin and intravenous immunoglobulin, but initially delayed plasma exchange as this would have removed the botulinum antitoxin. Diagnostic testing for botulism has low sensitivity, so we urge pre-emptive treatment if it is clinically suspected.

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Chandra, Atanu, and Shrestha Ghosh. "Spontaneous pneumothorax as a manifestation of COVID-19: A case report." Microbes, Infection and Chemotherapy 2 (May 5, 2022): e1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.54034/mic.e1360.

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Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is an uncommon complication of COVID-19, mostly in association with pre-existing lung conditions or under positive pressure ventilation. SP has been reported to occur in approximately 1% of the patients with COVID-19. We report here a case of a 47-year-old non-smoker gentleman without any pre-existing lung disease, who was admitted to our facility with fever, cough and shortness of breath and for 3 days with progressive worsening and chest pain over last 24 hours. Chest radiography revealed the diagnosis of right-sided pneumothorax with widespread patchy infiltrates on the left lung field. He was tested positive for COVID-19 and cultures for secondary bacterial infections were negative. A chest drain was secured and he was given antibiotics, steroid, heparin and remdesivir. However, the patient died within next 2 days due to progressive respiratory failure. This report emphasizes awareness of the possibility of SP as a complication of COVID-19; early identification and treatment of this entity may help decrease the associated mortality and morbidity. In conclusion, the possibility of SP should always be considered in the workup of a patient of SARS-CoV-2 infection having acute shortness of breath with or without chest pain. We would like to highlight this significant, though rare, presentation of COVID-19 and urge clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion.

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