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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Urethral

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Academic literature on the topic 'Urethral'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Urethral"

1

Allawi, Bahir Sabah, Alaa H. Al-Farhan, and Rafid F. Al-Hussaini. "Urethral Extensibility Applied to Urethral Advancement." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, B (September 14, 2020): 1023–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4810.

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BACKGROUND: The male urethra in humans has a large capacity to extend under traction. This property is the main principle of the urethral advancement technique. AIM: We aimed to determine the safe limits of urethral mobilization and extensibility for reconstructive surgery of distal to midshaft hypospadias by applying urethral extensibility on the urethral advancement technique. Also, we wanted to evaluate the variable application of the gap-to-urethra (G:U) ratio from a cadaver to a live human body. METHODS: From November 2004 to February 2006, 20 boys aged from 2 to 16 years old underwent repair of midshaft to glanular hypospadias by urethral advancement technique. The ratio of G:U proposed for a safe limit of urethral extensibility (measured from normal, fresh human cadaveric urethras) applied to know if its application can help in decreasing the rate of late complications. The mean follow-up period was 10 months, which ranged from 4 to 16 months. RESULTS: Late complications were as follows: 25% meatal retraction (MR), 15% meatal stenosis (MS), and 5% fistula. Besides, MR and MS late complications associated with urethral mobilization of G:U ratio of less than 73%. CONCLUSION: The more the approximation in the application of the G:U ratio, the less the rate of MS and MR. Besides, urethral mobilization to the base of the penis helps to decrease the frequency of MS and MR. Furthermore, the type of complication, MR or MS, in urethral advancement correlates with the extent of urethral mobilization.

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2

Prantil-Baun, Rachelle, William C. de Groat, Minoru Miyazato, Michael B. Chancellor, Naoki Yoshimura, and David A. Vorp. "Ex vivo biomechanical, functional, and immunohistochemical alterations of adrenergic responses in the female urethra in a rat model of birth trauma." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 299, no. 2 (August 2010): F316—F324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00299.2009.

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Birth trauma and pelvic injury have been implicated in the etiology of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). This study aimed to assess changes in the biomechanical properties and adrenergic-evoked contractile responses of the rat urethra after simulated birth trauma induced by vaginal distension (VD). Urethras were isolated 4 days after VD and evaluated in our established ex vivo urethral testing system that utilized a laser micrometer to measure the urethral outer diameter at proximal, middle, and distal positions. Segments were precontracted with phenylephrine (PE) and then exposed to intralumenal static pressures ranging from 0 to 20 mmHg to measure urethral compliance. After active assessment, the urethra was rendered passive with EDTA and assessed. Pressure and diameter measurements were recorded via computer. Urethral thickness was measured histologically to calculate circumferential stress-strain response and functional contraction ratio (FCR), a measure of smooth muscle activity. VD proximal urethras exhibited a significantly increased response to PE compared with that in controls. Conversely, proximal VD urethras had significantly decreased circumferential stress and FCR values in the presence of PE, suggesting that VD reduced the ability of the proximal segment to maintain smooth muscle tone at higher pressures and strains. Circumferential stress values for VD middle urethral segments were significantly higher than control values. Histological analyses using antibodies against general (protein gene product 9.5) and sympathetic (tyrosine hydroxylase) nerve markers showed a significant reduction in nerve density in VD proximal and middle urethral segments. These results strongly suggest that VD damages adrenergic nerves and alters adrenergic responses of proximal and middle urethral smooth muscle. Defects in urethral storage mechanisms, involving changes in adrenergic regulation, may contribute to stress urinary incontinence induced by simulated birth trauma.

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Prantil, Rachelle L., Ron J. Jankowski, Yasuhiro Kaiho, William C. de Groat, Michael B. Chancellor, Naoki Yoshimura, and David A. Vorp. "Ex vivo biomechanical properties of the female urethra in a rat model of birth trauma." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 292, no. 4 (April 2007): F1229—F1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00292.2006.

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Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the involuntary release of urine during sudden increases in abdominal pressures. SUI is common in women after vaginal delivery or pelvic trauma and may alter the biomechanical properties of the urethra. Thus we hypothesize that injury due to vaginal distension (VD) decreases urethral basal tone and passive stiffness. This study aimed to assess the biomechanical properties of the urethra after VD in the baseline state, where basal muscle tone and extracellular matrix (ECM) are present, and in the passive state, where inactive muscle and ECM are present. Female rat urethras were isolated in a rat model of acute SUI induced by simulated birth trauma. Our established ex vivo system was utilized, wherein we applied intraluminal static pressures ranging from 0 to 20 mmHg. Outer diameter was measured via a laser micrometer. Measurements were recorded via computer. Urethral thickness was assessed histologically. Stress-strain responses of the urethra were altered by VD. Quantification of biomechanical parameters indicated that VD decreased baseline stiffness. The passive peak incremental elastic modulus of the distal segment in VD urethras was less than for controls (1.84 ± 0.67 vs. 1.19 ± 0.70 × 106 dyne/cm2, respectively; P = 0.016). An increase was noted in passive low-pressure compliance values in proximal VD urethras compared with controls (9.44 ± 2.43 vs. 4.62 ± 0.60 mmHg−1, respectively; P = 0.04). Biomechanical analyses suggest that VD alters urethral basal tone, proximal urethral compliance, and distal stiffness. Lack of basal smooth muscle tone, in combination with these changes in the proximal and distal urethra, may contribute to SUI induced by VD.

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Culenova, Martina, Stanislav Ziaran, and Lubos Danisovic. "Cells Involved in Urethral Tissue Engineering: Systematic Review." Cell Transplantation 28, no. 9-10 (June 25, 2019): 1106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689719854363.

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The urethra is part of the lower urinary tract and its main role is urine voiding. Its complex histological structure makes urethral tissue prone to various injuries with complicated healing processes that often lead to scar formation. Urethral stricture disease can affect both men and women. The occurrence of this pathology is more common in men and thus are previous research has been mainly oriented on male urethra reconstruction. However, commonly used surgical techniques show unsatisfactory results because of complications. The new and progressively developing field of tissue engineering offers promising solutions, which could be applied in the urethral regeneration of both men´s and women´s urethras. The presented systematic review article offers an overview of the cells that have been used in urethral tissue engineering so far. Urine-derived stem cells show a great perspective in respect to urethral tissue engineering. They can be easily harvested and are a promising autologous cell source for the needs of tissue engineering techniques. The presented review also shows the importance of mechanical stimuli application on maturating tissue. Sufficient vascularization and elimination of stricture formation present the biggest challenges not only in customary surgical management but also in tissue-engineering approaches.

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5

Chakraborty, Abhi Kumar, Sajal Kumar Majumdar, Mirza Kamrul Zahid, Ipsita Biswas, and Poritosh Palit. "Limited Urethral Mobilization Technique in Distal Hypospadias Repair : An Overview." Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal 16, no. 1 (December 26, 2017): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v16i1.34985.

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Background: Fistula formation is the most common complication with various rates among different techniques of hypospadias repair. The urethral advancement as an one stage technique for repair of hypospadias is considered a good technique. As no new urethral tube is constructed there is no risk of fistula. We assess the outcomes of the Limited Urethral Mobilization (LUM) technique in distal hypospadias repair.Methods: Our study included 20 patients aged upto 12 years who were treated with Limited urethral mobilization technique for distal hypospadias in Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital from December 2014 to December 2015. The urethra proximal to the meatus was mobilized for a distance sufficient to allow it to reach the glans tip without tension. Then the urethra was placed in the glanular bed and glanular reconstruction was performed.Results: Three-fold urethral mobilization was sufficient for construction of tension-free urethra-glanular anastomosis. Cosmetically normal looking circumcised penis with ventrally slit meatus achieved in all but one subcoronal case where the most distal of the glans approximation sutures disrupted leading to a minor detachment in the glans. The minor complications includes preputial edema in one patient, two patients had wound infection, one had meatal stenosis which was treated with gentle dilatations. Postoperative urethro cutaneous fistula, retraction of the urethral meatus or recurrent chordee were not observed.Conclusion: Distal hypospadias repair with the LUM technique can be effective with satisfactory cosmetic and functional results. There is no chance for development of urethro cutaneous fistula, a major postoperative complication of other surgical techniques of creating a neourethra. Postoperative management is simple and a brief hospital stay is sufficient.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.16 (1); Jan 2017; Page 37-41

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Le Feber, Joost, Els Van Asselt, and Ron Van Mastrigt. "Neurophysiological modeling of voiding in rats: urethral nerve response to urethral pressure and flow." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 274, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): R1473—R1481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.5.r1473.

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In male urethan-anesthetized rats, activity was measured in nerves that run over the proximal urethra. The urethral nerve response to stepwise urethral perfusion could be described by a four-parameter model (fit error <6%). At the onset of perfusion, the urethra was closed and the pressure increased with the infused volume. The nerve activity (NA) increased linearly with this inserted volume to a maximum (NAmax), which was proportional to the instantaneous pressure. The duration of this first episode (δ t) was inversely proportional to the perfusion rate. After infusion of a fixed volume, the urethra opened and the NA decreased with a time constant ϕ−1 (∼1.8 s) to an elevated level (NAlevel). NAlevel was linearly related to the steady-state pressure. Accordingly, sensors in the urethra are sensitive to pressure rather than to the perfusion rate. The parameters NAmax, NAlevel, and δ t showed very good reproducibility (SD ∼19% of mean). The measured activity was most likely afferent and conducted to the major pelvic ganglion.

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Pham, Jonathan, Ricky R. Savjani, Yu Gao, Minsong Cao, Peng Hu, Ke Sheng, Daniel A. Low, Michael Steinberg, Amar U. Kishan, and Yingli Yang. "Evaluation of T2-Weighted MRI for Visualization and Sparing of Urethra with MR-Guided Radiation Therapy (MRgRT) On-Board MRI." Cancers 13, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 3564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13143564.

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Purpose: To evaluate urethral contours from two optimized urethral MRI sequences with an MR-guided radiotherapy system (MRgRT). Methods: Eleven prostate cancer patients were scanned on a MRgRT system using optimized urethral 3D HASTE and 3D TSE. A resident radiation oncologist contoured the prostatic urethra on the patients’ planning CT, diagnostic 3T T2w MRI, and both urethral MRIs. An attending radiation oncologist reviewed/edited the resident’s contours and additionally contoured the prostatic urethra on the clinical planning MRgRT MRI (bSSFP). For each image, the resident radiation oncologist, attending radiation oncologist, and a senior medical physicist qualitatively scored the prostatic urethra visibility. Using MRgRT 3D HASTE-based contouring workflow as baseline, prostatic urethra contours drawn on CT, diagnostic MRI, clinical bSSFP and 3D TSE were evaluated relative to the contour on 3D HASTE using 95th percentile Hausdorff distance (HD95), mean-distance-to-agreement (MDA), and DICE coefficient. Additionally, prostatic urethra contrast-to-noise-ratios (CNR) were calculated for all images. Results: For two out of three observers, the urethra visibility score for 3D HASTE was significantly higher than CT, and clinical bSSFP, but was not significantly different from diagnostic MRI. The mean HD95/MDA/DICE values were 11.35 ± 3.55 mm/5.77 ± 2.69 mm/0.07 ± 0.08 for CT, 7.62 ± 2.75 mm/3.83 ± 1.47 mm/0.12 ± 0.10 for CT + diagnostic MRI, 5.49 ± 2.32 mm/2.18 ± 1.19 mm/0.35 ± 0.19 for 3D TSE, and 6.34 ± 2.89 mm/2.65 ± 1.31 mm/0.21 ± 0.12 for clinical bSSFP. The CNR for 3D HASTE was significantly higher than CT, diagnostic MRI, and clinical bSSFP, but was not significantly different from 3D TSE. Conclusion: The urethra’s visibility scores showed optimized urethral MRgRT 3D HASTE was superior to the other tested methodologies. The prostatic urethra contours demonstrated significant variability from different imaging and workflows. Urethra contouring uncertainty introduced by cross-modality registration and sub-optimal imaging contrast may lead to significant treatment degradation when urethral sparing is implemented to minimize genitourinary toxicity.

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Ruiz, Sonia, Miguel Virseda-Chamorro, Fabian Queissert, Andrés López, Ignacio Arance, and Javier C. Angulo. "The Mode of Action of Adjustable Transobturator Male System (ATOMS): Intraoperative Urethral Pressure Measurements." Uro 1, no. 2 (June 8, 2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/uro1020007.

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(1) Background: The Adjustable Transobturator Male System (ATOMS) device is increasingly used to treat post-prostatectomy incontinence as it enhances residual urinary sphincteric function and allows continence recovery or improvement by dorsal compression of the bulbar urethra through a fixed transobturator mesh passage. The mode of action and the profile of the patients with best results are not totally understood. (2) Methods: Intraoperative urethral pressure measurements at different filling levels of the ATOMS device show increased urethral resistance and enhanced residual sphincteric activity. We evaluated whether the pattern of urethral pressure change secondary to serial progressive intraoperative filling of the cushion can predict postoperative results after ATOMS placement. (3) Results: The regression analysis showed a significant direct relationship between cushion volume and intraurethral pressure (p = 0.000). The median intraurethral pressure at atmospheric pressure was 51 ± 22.7 cm H2O, and at atmospheric pressure plus 4 mL was 80 ± 23.1 cm H2O). Cluster analyses defined a group of patients (n = 6) formed by patients with a distensible urethra and 100% continence after adjustment in contrast to another group (n = 3) with rigid urethras and 33% continence after adjustment. (4) Conclusions: As a part of its continence mechanism, the ATOMS device leads to continence by increasing intraurethral pressure owing to the stretching effect on the urethral wall caused by cushion filling that increases urethral resistance.

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Krukowski, Jakub, Adam Kałużny, Jakub Kłącz, and Marcin Matuszewski. "Comparison between cystourethrography and sonourethrography in preoperative diagnostic management of patients with anterior urethral strictures." Medical Ultrasonography 20, no. 4 (December 8, 2018): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.11152/mu-1613.

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Aim: To evaluate the urethral lesions and the degree of spongiofibrosis using cystourethrography (CUG) and sonourethrography (SUG) in order to propose the best imaging method for further surgical treatment.Material and methods: The study involved 66 patients with anterior urethral strictures with indication for urethroplasty. Results of CUG and SUG were compared with each other and data from surgical protocol.Results: Totally 72 strictures were detected; 47 in the bulbar part of urethra and 25 in the penile urethra. The mean length of the stenosis was 16.43 mm for CUG and 27.41 mm for SUG and 31.05 mm during surgery. The correlation levels between imaging techniques and intraoperative measurements were 0.55 (p<0.001) for CUG and 0.73 (p<0.001) for SUG. After dividing the strictures according to their location, better correlation for stenoses was obtained in penile urethra: 0.66 (p<0.001) for CUG and 0.86 (p<0.001) for SUG.Conclusions: SUG seems to be a simple and fast examination to evaluate urethral strictures. It is more accurate in comparison to CUG and gives a possibility to assess the spongiofibrosis. This information suggests that SUG can be a good complement to CUG in diagnosis of anterior urethtral strictures.

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Vasconcelos, Kath Freire de, Raquel Guedes Ximenes, Francisco Sávio de Moura Martins, Aline De Sousa Alves, Sabrina Barros Araújo, Jéssica Kária de Andrade, José Rômulo Soares dos Santos, and Pedro Isidro da Nóbrega Neto. "Assessment of the Bilateral Block of the Trunk of the Pudendal Nerve in Cats with Urethral Obstruction." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46, no. 1 (May 16, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.81802.

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Background: Clinical care of cats with urethral obstruction is a common routine in feline clinical medicine and the re-establishment of urinary flow is essential for long-lasting correction of the pathophysiological alterations presented. For this chemical restraint is usually employed, that together with the alteration, increases the anesthetic risk of these patients. Improvement in anesthetic techniques, especially the loco-regional, may contribute to reducing the anesthetic risk of these patients and facilitate maneuvers to clear the obstruction. Thus the objective of the present study was to describe and assess the bilateral block technique of the pudendal nerve in 16 cats with urethral obstruction.Materials, Methods & Results: Sixteen male crossbred cats were used, with partial or total urethral obstruction, attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. The anesthetic block of the pudendal nerve trunk was carried out by placing the local anesthetic close to the ventral foramen of the second sacral vertebra, using a 13 x 0.45 mm needle attached to a 1 mL syringe. To assess the effectiveness of the bilateral block, the analgesia promoted was assessed using the substitute (“Reaction to Palpating the Surgical Wound” of subscale 1 (pain expression) of the “Compound Multi-dimensional Scale to Assess Post Operational Pain in Cats”. This assessment was made before the bilateral block (M0) and 10 min afterwards (M1) and the scores ranged from 0 to 3. In addition, a segmental assessment of the urethra was made, where, by passing a probe the sensitivity was assessed of the urethral ostium, penile and pelvic urethra and the relaxing of the external urethral sphincter. This assessment was made at M1 and classified as present or absent. In the cases where the bilateral block was inefficient, the technique was repeated, in the same locations and at the same dose as initially administered, and a new assessment (M2) was made 10 minutes after the second administration. In 12 of the 16 patients assessed the bilateral block was made once. The following were observed in these patients at M1: reduction in the reaction to penile manipulation (P = 0.003), total relaxation of the external urethral sphincter and absence of sensitivity to passing the probe through the penile urethra (P = 0.000) and insensitivity of the ostium urethrae (P = 0.006). In the animals in which the anesthetic bilateral block was repeated (4/16) the value of p adjusted for penile manipulation was 0.05. There was no reaction to the probe passage through the ostium urethrae and the penile urethra or contraction of the external urethral sphincter in 3 of the 4 animals (P = 0.625). Considering the total number of animals assessed, the urethral obstruction of the pudendal nerve trunk, carried out one or twice, caused statistically significant (P = 0.004) insensitivity to penile manipulation, probing of the ostium urethrae and the penile urethra and total relaxation of the external urethral sphincter in 14 of the 16 animals. In three patients concomitant anesthetic bilateral block was observed of the sciatic nerve, bilateral (two animals) or unilateral (one animal).Discussion: studies on the feline pudendal nerve have demonstrated that the sensitive and motor bilateral block of this nerve is possible, as corroborated by the present study. Although an atomic study had shown the possibility of concomitant bilateral block of the sciatic nerve, and therefore, according to the authors, the technique should not be recommended, this finding did not demonstrate great clinical relevance, because in most cases the patients remained under fluid therapy throughout the anesthetic recovery period (about two hours) and therefore with restricted movement. Nevertheless, studies should be carried out to improve this technique.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urethral"

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Spirka, Thomas A. "Finite Element Modeling of Stress Urinary Incontinence Mechanics." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1291495865.

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Arce-Arenales, V. "A comparative histochemical study of the bulbo-urethral and urethral glands in five rodent species." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377254.

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De, Wet Matthys Johannes. "Factors predicting the long-term renal function in boys presenting with posterior urethral valves at Tygerberg Children's Hospital, South Africa : a ten year study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86726.

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Thesis (MMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine long-term renal function in boys presenting with posterior urethral valves at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital and to determine the prognostic value of certain clinical, biochemical and radiological variables DESIGN Retrospective, descriptive study of boys diagnosed and treated with posterior urethral valves at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital between 2001 and 2011. RESULTS Between 2001 and 2011, 47 cases of posterior urethral valves were diagnosed and treated at our institution. Thirteen patients were excluded from this study. Seven (20,6%) were diagnosed antenatally and 27 (79,4%) presented postnatally. Mean age at presentation was 13,9 months (median 2; range 0-74). The most common postnatal presentation was urinary tract infection (51,9%). Mean follow-up was 54,2 months (median 47,5; range 12-133). A total of 13 boys (38,2%) progressed to chronic renal failure or end-stage renal disease. Initial and nadir serum creatinine, poor corticomedullary differentiation and moderate-severe hydronephrosis were significant predictors of final renal function (p<0,050). Patient age at presentation, type of primary surgical intervention, increased renal echogenicity, bladder wall thickness, the presence of vesicoureteric reflux (no matter what the laterality or severity), severe bladder dysfunction and initial or breakthrough urinary tract infection had no significant impact on future renal function. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed that boys with an initial serum creatinine ≥145μmol/L and a nadir serum creatinine ≥62μmol/L were at highest risk to develop chronic renal insufficiency (area under the curve 0,8 and 0,9, respectively). CONCLUSION More than a third of boys (38,2%) developed chronic renal failure or end-stage renal disease at the end of follow-up. Our data confirmed the high prognostic value of initial and nadir serum creatinine. Optimal threshold levels for initial and nadir serum creatinine to predict final renal function were 145μmol/L and 62μmol/L, respectively. Similarly, poor corticomedullary differentiation and moderate-severe hydronephrosis on initial kidney ultrasound were significant indicators of poor renal prognosis. Although all patients with posterior urethral valves should be counselled on potential renal morbidity, children with risk factors warrant closer monitoring.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: DOELWITTE Die doel van hierdie studie was om langtermyn nierfunksie te bepaal in seuns wat gediagnoseer is met posterior uretrale kleppe by Tygerberg-kinderhospitaal. Die prognostiese waarde van sekere kliniese, biochemiese en radiologiese veranderlikes is ook ondersoek. STUDIE ONTWERP Retrospektiewe, beskrywende studie van seuns wat tussen 2001 en 2011 by Tygerberg-kinderhospitaal gepresenteer het met posterior uretrale kleppe. RESULTATE Tussen 2001 en 2011 is 47 gevalle van posterior uretrale kleppe gediagnoseer en behandel by ons instelling. Dertien pasiënte is uitgesluit van hierdie studie. Sewe (20,6%) is met voorgeboorte sonar gediagnoseer en 27 (79,4%) het ná geboorte gepresenteer. Die gemiddelde ouderdom by diagnose was 13,9 maande (mediaan 2; reeks 0-74 ). Urienweginfeksie was die mees algemene metode waarmee postnatale pasiënte gepresenteer het (51,9%). Die gemiddelde opvolgperiode was 54,2 maande (mediaan 47,5; reeks 12-133). Dertien seuns (38,2%) het chroniese nierversaking of eind-stadium nierversaking ontwikkel. Aanvanklike en nadir serumkreatinien, swak kortiko-medullêre differensiasie en matig-erge hidronefrose was beduidende voorspellers van finale nierfunksie (p<0,050). Pasiënt ouderdom met diagnose, tipe chirurgiese ingryping, verhoogde niereggogenisiteit, blaaswanddikte, vesikoureteriese refluks, blaasdisfunksie en aanvanklike of deurbraak urienweginfeksies het geen beduidende impak op toekomstige nierfunksie gehad nie. Seuns met 'n aanvanklike serumkreatinien ≥145μmol/L en 'n nadir serumkreatinien ≥62μmol/L het die grootste risiko om chroniese nierversaking te ontwikkel, soos bevestig met ‘n ROC-ontleding (AUC 0,8 en 0,9, onderskeidelik). GEVOLGTREKKING Meer as 'n derde van die pasiënte (38,2%) het chroniese nierversaking of eindstadium nierversaking ontwikkel. Ons data bevestig die prognostiese waarde van aanvanklike en nadir serumkreatinienvlakke. Die optimale drempelwaardes vir die aanvanklike en nadir serumkreatinien om finale nierfunksie te voorspel was 145μmol/L en 62μmol/L, onderskeidelik. Swak kortiko-medullêre differensiasie en matig-erge hidronefrose op die aanvanklike niersonar was ook beduidende aanwysers van toekomstige nierfunksie. Alhoewel alle pasiënte met posterior uretrale kleppe berading moet ontvang oor potensiële niermorbiditeit, regverdig seuns met risikofaktore noukeurige monitering.

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Ho, Kossen M. T. "Structure and innervation of the urethral sphincter." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365803.

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Glavin, S. E. "Mathematical modelling of urethral and similar flows." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1347918/.

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Flows in flexible tubes and vessels have been studied extensively in the past with particular application to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. However there have been few treatments of the lower urinary tract, which consists of the bladder and urethra. This thesis concentrates specifically on the urethra with the aim of giving insight into the evolving flow characteristics within the vessel and mechanical responses of the vessel which give rise to fluid structure interactions. Urethral modelling is an important area of research given the social and economic costs involved in lower urinary tract dysfunction. In the modelling, examination is given to slow and fast opening vessels where certain exact analytical solutions are found along with numerical results. Following this, fast and slow responses of the walls of the vessels are considered, where the response is defined as the relative change in cross-sectional area for relatively varying transmural pressure. These features are important for pathologies that alter the characteristics of the vessel wall such as bladder outlet obstruction. A change in the distensibility along the vessel resulting from pathologies or normal transition through the various sections of the urethra is studied both in terms of developing jump conditions based on a localised Euler region and also over a comparatively short length scale giving rise to the Burgers equation; small amplitude instabilities are studied through the derivation of the KdV equation. Following on from these mostly two-dimensional treatments, three-dimensional systems are then studied. Consideration is given to the secondary flow effects driven by the tortuosity of a vessel in three dimensions. We study cases of three-dimensional constriction, with main interest in the effects of benign prostate hyperplasia or urethral stricture on the flow, where pressure drops are demonstrated. Finally an appendix deals with the effects concerned with a wide population, focusing on an allied problem of consumer choice.

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Cotton, Karen Dawn. "Electrical activity in urethral and bladder myocytes." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361242.

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Hakenberg, Oliver W., H. J. Franke, Michael Fröhner, and Manfred P. Wirth. "The Treatment of Primary Urethral Carcinoma – the Dilemmas of a Rare Condition: Experience with Partial Urethrectomy and Adjuvant Chemotherapy." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-135145.

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Background: Primary urethral carcinoma is a very rare condition, and no large-scale experience with such cases has been published. Treatment will therefore have to follow rules established for the treatment of similar conditions. Patients: Six cases of primary urethral carcinoma (5 male, 1 female) who had been treated at our institution between 1995 and 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. In 3 male cases, a primary urothelial carcinoma of the distal urethra was treated by distal urethrectomy only. In 3 other cases with locally advanced tumors and/or lymph node metastases surgical treatment was followed by adjuvant cisplatinum-containing chemotherapy. Results: In the 3 cases with distal urethral carcinoma, partial urethrectomy with preservation of the penis resulted in cure, with a follow-up of 12–71 months. In the cases with advanced disease, adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery has resulted in complete remissions in all 3 cases, with a follow-up of 4–47 months at present. Conclusions: In localized, noninvasive carcinoma of the distal male urethra, partial urethrectomy seems adequate and the avoidance of penile amputation justified. In advanced cases, after local excision and lymphadenectomy adjuvant chemotherapy which by necessity must follow the guidelines established for the treatment of other urothelial or squamous cell malignancies seems to be beneficial
Hintergrund: Das primäre Harnröhrenkarzinom ist eine sehr seltene Erkrankung, und in der Literatur gibt es keine prospektiven Serien mit größeren Fallzahlen. Die Behandlung wird sich daher an Erfahrungen orientieren müssen, die bei der Behandlung ähnlicher Krankheitsbilder gewonnen wurden. Patienten: Sechs Fälle von primärem Urethralkarzinom (5 Männer, 1 Frau), die zwischen 1995 und 1999 in unserer Klinik behandelt wurden, wurden retrospektiv analysiert. Bei 3 der männlichen Patienten lag ein primäres Urothelkarzinom der distalen Harnröhre vor, und es wurde eine Urethrateilresektion ohne adjuvante Therapie durchgeführt. In den 3 anderen Fällen mit lokal fortgeschrittenen Tumoren und/oder Lymphknotenbefall wurde nach operativer Behandlung eine adjuvante Cisplatin-haltige Chemotherapie durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: In allen 3 Fällen nach Urethrateilresektion wurde eine komplette Heilung bei einer Nachbeobachtung von 12–71 Monaten erzielt. Bei den fortgeschrittenen Fällen mit lymphogener Metastasierung wurde nach adjuvanter Chemotherapie in allen 3 Fällen eine komplette Remission bei einer Nachbeobachtung von bislang 4–47 Monaten erzielt. Schlußfolgerungen: Beim lokalisierten, nichtinvasiven distalen Urethralkarzinom des Mannes ist eine organerhaltende Strategie gerechtfertigt. In lokal fortgeschrittenen und/oder lymphogen metastasierten Fällen ist nach lokaler Exzision und Lymphadenektomie eine adjuvante Chemotherapie, die sich an den Erfahrungen der Behandlung von anderen Plattenepithel- und Urothelkarzinomen orientieren muß, sinnvoll und erfolgversprechend
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich

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McCoy, Rachel. "An investigation into the mechanisms involved in smooth muscle control in the human and porcine lower urinary tract." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270207.

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Hakenberg, Oliver W., H. J. Franke, Michael Fröhner, and Manfred P. Wirth. "The Treatment of Primary Urethral Carcinoma – the Dilemmas of a Rare Condition: Experience with Partial Urethrectomy and Adjuvant Chemotherapy." Karger, 2001. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27623.

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Background: Primary urethral carcinoma is a very rare condition, and no large-scale experience with such cases has been published. Treatment will therefore have to follow rules established for the treatment of similar conditions. Patients: Six cases of primary urethral carcinoma (5 male, 1 female) who had been treated at our institution between 1995 and 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. In 3 male cases, a primary urothelial carcinoma of the distal urethra was treated by distal urethrectomy only. In 3 other cases with locally advanced tumors and/or lymph node metastases surgical treatment was followed by adjuvant cisplatinum-containing chemotherapy. Results: In the 3 cases with distal urethral carcinoma, partial urethrectomy with preservation of the penis resulted in cure, with a follow-up of 12–71 months. In the cases with advanced disease, adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery has resulted in complete remissions in all 3 cases, with a follow-up of 4–47 months at present. Conclusions: In localized, noninvasive carcinoma of the distal male urethra, partial urethrectomy seems adequate and the avoidance of penile amputation justified. In advanced cases, after local excision and lymphadenectomy adjuvant chemotherapy which by necessity must follow the guidelines established for the treatment of other urothelial or squamous cell malignancies seems to be beneficial.
Hintergrund: Das primäre Harnröhrenkarzinom ist eine sehr seltene Erkrankung, und in der Literatur gibt es keine prospektiven Serien mit größeren Fallzahlen. Die Behandlung wird sich daher an Erfahrungen orientieren müssen, die bei der Behandlung ähnlicher Krankheitsbilder gewonnen wurden. Patienten: Sechs Fälle von primärem Urethralkarzinom (5 Männer, 1 Frau), die zwischen 1995 und 1999 in unserer Klinik behandelt wurden, wurden retrospektiv analysiert. Bei 3 der männlichen Patienten lag ein primäres Urothelkarzinom der distalen Harnröhre vor, und es wurde eine Urethrateilresektion ohne adjuvante Therapie durchgeführt. In den 3 anderen Fällen mit lokal fortgeschrittenen Tumoren und/oder Lymphknotenbefall wurde nach operativer Behandlung eine adjuvante Cisplatin-haltige Chemotherapie durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: In allen 3 Fällen nach Urethrateilresektion wurde eine komplette Heilung bei einer Nachbeobachtung von 12–71 Monaten erzielt. Bei den fortgeschrittenen Fällen mit lymphogener Metastasierung wurde nach adjuvanter Chemotherapie in allen 3 Fällen eine komplette Remission bei einer Nachbeobachtung von bislang 4–47 Monaten erzielt. Schlußfolgerungen: Beim lokalisierten, nichtinvasiven distalen Urethralkarzinom des Mannes ist eine organerhaltende Strategie gerechtfertigt. In lokal fortgeschrittenen und/oder lymphogen metastasierten Fällen ist nach lokaler Exzision und Lymphadenektomie eine adjuvante Chemotherapie, die sich an den Erfahrungen der Behandlung von anderen Plattenepithel- und Urothelkarzinomen orientieren muß, sinnvoll und erfolgversprechend.
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

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Wijma, Jacobus. "The urethral support system in pregnancy and after childbirth." [S.l. : Groningen : s.n. ; University Library of Groningen] [Host], 2007. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/305350269.

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Books on the topic "Urethral"

1

Brandes, Steven B., ed. Urethral Reconstructive Surgery. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-103-1.

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Schreiter, F., and G. H. Jordan, eds. Urethral Reconstructive Surgery. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-29385-x.

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Brandes, Steven B., and Allen F. Morey, eds. Advanced Male Urethral and Genital Reconstructive Surgery. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7708-2.

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Khattar, Nikhil, Rishi Nayyar, and Arabind Panda, eds. Female Bladder Outlet Obstruction and Urethral Reconstruction. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8521-0.

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Falkiner, F. R. The insertion and management of indwelling urethral catheters. [London]: [Royal College of Physicians], 1993.

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Droller, Michael J. Urothelial tumors. Hamilton, Ont: B C Decker, 2004.

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Dogra, Vikram S., and Gregory T. MacLennan, eds. Genitourinary Radiology: Kidney, Bladder and Urethra. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-245-6.

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George, N. J. R., and J. A. Gosling, eds. Sensory Disorders of the Bladder and Urethra. London: Springer London, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1392-8.

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Sand, Peter K. Urodynamics and the evaluation of female incontinence: A practical guide. London: Springer-Verlag, 1995.

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1958-, Bracewell Michael, ed. The postcard art of Gilbert & George, 1972-1989: The urethra postcard art of Gilbert & George, 2009. Munich: DelMonico Books/Prestel, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Urethral"

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Barratt, Rachel C., and Tamsin J. Greenwell. "Severe Urethral Stenosis/Complete Urethral Obliteration." In Female Pelvic Medicine, 245–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54839-1_21.

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Tanaka, Stacy T., and John W. Brock. "Urethral Stricture." In Pediatric Urology for the Primary Care Physician, 225–28. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-243-8_29.

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Venyo, Anthony Kodzo-Grey. "Urethral Cancer." In Tumors and Cancers, 151–58. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018. | Series: Pocket guides to biomedical sciences | “A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.”: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315120553-27.

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Fahmy, Mohamed A. Baky. "Urethral Anomalies." In Rare Congenital Genitourinary Anomalies, 105–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43680-6_7.

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Choi, Serah, and Tracy Sherertz. "Urethral Cancer." In Handbook of Evidence-Based Radiation Oncology, 721–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62642-0_34.

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Kuo, Tricia L. C., Nadir Osman, and Christopher R. Chapple. "Urethral Disorders." In Practical Functional Urology, 303–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25430-2_10.

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Weisse, Chick. "Urethral Stenting." In Veterinary Image-Guided Interventions, 373–82. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118910924.ch34.

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Urwitz-Lane, Rebecca, and Begüm Özel. "Urethral Disorders." In Management of Common Problems in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 348–50. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444323030.ch77.

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Barua, Ranadhir. "Urethral Diverticulum." In Tumours of the Female Lower Genital Tract, 396–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74828-8_27.

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Allen, Derek C. "Urethral Carcinoma." In Histopathology Reporting, 351–54. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5263-7_32.

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Conference papers on the topic "Urethral"

1

Haworth, Donna J., Douglas W. Chew, Dae Kyung Kim, Minoru Miyazato, Naoki Yoshimura, Michael B. Chancellor, and David A. Vorp. "The Effects of Culture Conditions and Implantation on the Structural and Mechanical Characteristics of a Tissue Engineered Urethral Wrap." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176612.

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Urethral dysfunction is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, spinal cord injury, vaginal childbirth, and pelvic trauma. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the involuntary loss of urine due to the inability of the urethral sphincter to maintain a tight seal during the storage phase, and is a disease that physically and emotionally affects 25 million American women annually [1]. There are currently several treatments for SUI including surgery, Kegel exercises, and electrical stimulation, each accompanied by limited effectiveness and/or complications [2–3]. We believe that regenerative medicine techniques applied to the native urethra may aid in improving the function and support of the diseased urethra. Thus, we have begun the development of a tissue engineered urethral wrap (TEUW) for placement as a cuff around the native urethra and integration with the host tissue. The goal of this work was to determine optimized culture conditions for TEUWs and to determine if their use in vivo improves urethral function.

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Haworth, Donna J., Minoru Miyazato, Akira Furuta, Dae Kyung Kim, Douglas W. Chew, Naoki Yoshimura, Michael B. Chancellor, and David A. Vorp. "In Vivo Effects and Ex Vivo Characteristics Following Implantation of a Tissue Engineered Urethral Wrap." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192353.

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Urethral dysfunction is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, spinal cord injury, vaginal childbirth, and pelvic trauma. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the involuntary loss of urine due to the inability of the urethral sphincter to maintain a tight seal during the storage phase and is a condition that physically and emotionally affects 25 million American women annually [1]. There are currently several treatments for SUI including surgery, Kegel exercises, and electrical stimulation, each accompanied by limited effectiveness and/or complications [2–3]. We believe that regenerative medicine techniques, applied to the native urethra, may aid in improving the function and support of the diseased urethra. Thus, we have begun the development of a tissue engineered urethral wrap (TEUW) for placement as a cuff around the native urethra and integration with the host tissue. The goal of this work was to explore structural and mechanical effects following implantation of a TEUW.

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Müller, Bert, Georg Schulz, Julia Herzen, Shpend Mushkolaj, Therese Bormann, Felix Beckmann, and Klaus Püschel. "Morphology of urethral tissues." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Stuart R. Stock. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.859052.

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Patel, Sanket N., Donna J. Haworth, Anton E. Xavier, Douglas W. Chew, and David A. Vorp. "Characterization of Isolated Urethral Smooth Muscle Cells and Their Incorporation Into a Tissue Engineered Urethral Wrap." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206253.

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Millions of people worldwide suffer from an involuntary leakage of urine, a condition known as urinary incontinence. In the US alone, the estimated cost of managing this is more than $16 billion [1]. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), the most common form, is characterized by involuntary leakage of urine from effort or exertion during actions such as laughing, coughing, or sneezing. SUI largely occurs as a result of weak or damaged pelvic muscles that support the bladder and urethra, which makes the urethra unable to maintain its seal and allows urine to leak. Current SUI treatments such as pelvic floor muscle training, vaginal inserts, pharmacologic therapeutics, and surgical procedures are limited by ineffectiveness and/or subsequent complications [2, 3].

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Höhn, D., S. Mohr, MD Mueller, and A. Kuhn. "Sexual function after resection of urethral diverticulum." In Kongressabstracts zur Tagung 2020 der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (DGGG). © 2020. Thieme. All rights reserved., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1717169.

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Ahmadi, Mahdi, Rajesh Rajamani, Gerald Timm, and A. S. Sezen. "Distributed pressure sensors for a urethral catheter." In 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7320154.

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Srinivasan, Sujatha, Laura Chambers, Noah G. Hoffman, Jennifer L. Morgan, Matthew M. Munch, Krista Yuhas, M. Sylvan Lowens, et al. "O06.6 The urethral microbiota in nongonococcal urethritis." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.35.

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Malloy, Terrence R. "KTP-532 laser ablation of urethral strictures." In Optics, Electro-Optics, and Laser Applications in Science and Engineering, edited by Graham M. Watson, Rudolf W. Steiner, and Joseph J. Pietrafitta. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.43910.

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Abinahed, Julien, Nikhil Navkar, Georges Younes, Shidin Balakrishnan, Abdulrahman Alfayad, Waseem Palliyali, Gorune Ohannessian, et al. "Preliminary Validation of Urethral Transection Simulation during RARP." In The Hamlyn Symposium on Medical Robotics. The Hamlyn Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31256/hsmr2019.30.

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Klunder, Mario, Ronny Feuer, Bastian Amend, Alexandra Kelp, Arnulf Stenzl, Karl-Dietrich Sievert, Oliver Sawodny, and Michael Ederer. "Eliminating pulse-induced artifacts in Urethral Pressure data." In 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7318968.

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Reports on the topic "Urethral"

1

Fraser, Nia, and Manoj Shenoy. The acute management of posterior urethral valves. BJUI Knowledge, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0266.

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Spencer, Kalli, and Vincent Tse. Anastomotic urethroplasty for anterior urethral stricture disease. BJUI Knowledge, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0689.

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Shenoy, Manoj, and Nia Fraser. Long-term complications of posterior urethral valves. BJUI Knowledge, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0267.

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Joshi, Pankaj, and Sanjay Kulkarni. Double-faced BMG urethroplasty for female urethral strictures. BJUI Knowledge, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.v031.

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Osman, Nadir, and Christopher Chapple. The role of tissue engineering for urethral stricture disease. BJUI Knowledge, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0690.

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6

Fried, Nathaniel M. Erbium: YAG Laser Incision of Urethral Strictures for Treatment of Urinary Incontinence After Prostate Cancer Surgery. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada433865.

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Zhu, Zhihong, Yue Zhuo, Haitao Jin, Boyu Wu, and Zhijie Li. Chinese Medicine Therapies for Neurogenic Bladder after Spinal Cord Injury: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0084.

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Neurogenic bladder (NB), a refractory disease, is characterized by voiding dysfunction of bladder and/or urethra, and spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common cause. Chinese medicine therapies have been applied extensively in the treatment of neurogenic bladder, especially in China, and the results are promising but varying. Thus, the aim of this work is to assess the efficacy and safety of various Chinese medicine therapies for neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury. Condition being studied: Chinese medicine therapies; Neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury. Main outcome(s): The primary outcome of our NMA will be measured by overall response rate and urodynamic tests, which includes postvoiding residual urine volume, maximum urinary flow rate, and maximal detrusor pressure.

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Dealing with urethral diverticulum. BJUI Knowledge, September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0084.

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Prostatic urethral lift implant. BJUI Knowledge, June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.v007.

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Anastomotic urethroplasty for pelvic fracture urethral injury. BJUI Knowledge, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0646.

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