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Journal articles on the topic 'Urethane A/J'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Jonstam, Rune. "Urethane - Induced Hepatic Failure." Acta Medica Scandinavica 170, no. 6 (April 24, 2009): 701–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1961.tb00288.x.

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2

Roomi, M. Waheed, Nusrath W. Roomi, Tatiana Kalinovsky, Matthias Rath, and Aleksandra Niedzwiecki. "Chemopreventive Effect of a Novel Nutrient Mixture on Lung Tumorigenesis Induced by Urethane in Male A/J Mice." Tumori Journal 95, no. 4 (July 2009): 508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160909500417.

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Aims and background Lung cancer, a leading cause of cancer death, is associated with exposure to inhalation carcinogens, most commonly those found in tobacco smoke. We investigated the in vivo effect of dietary supplementation with a nutrient mixture containing lysine, proline, arginine, ascorbic acid, green tea extract, N-acetyl cysteine, selenium, copper and manganese on the development of urethane-induced lung tumors in male A/J mice. Methods After one week of isolation, seven-week-old male A/J mice (n = 25) weighing 17–19 g were randomly divided into three groups: group A (n = 5), group B (n = 10), and group C (n = 10). Mice in groups B and C were each given a single intraperitoneal injection of urethane (1 mg/g body weight) in saline, whereas group A mice received an injection of saline alone. Groups A and B were fed a regular diet, whereas group C was fed the same diet supplemented with 0.5% nutrient mixture. After 20 weeks, mice were sacrificed, lungs were excised and weighed, and tumors were counted and processed for histology. Results Urethane-challenged mice developed tumors. However, the mean number of tumors and the mean lung weights in the mice on the supplemented diet were significantly reduced, by 49% (P <0.0001) and 18% (P = 0.0025), respectively, compared to mice on the control diet. We observed neither significant differences in body weight gains nor in diet consumption among the mice. Pulmonary lesions were morphologically similar for both the groups (adenomas), but lesions were smaller in the test group. Conclusions The results suggest that nutrient mixture has inhibitory potential on the development of mouse lung tumors induced by urethane
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3

SALTZMAN, FREDRIK, and HENRIK BORGSTRÖM. "Multiple Plasmocytoma Treated with Urethane." Acta Medica Scandinavica 136, no. 5 (April 24, 2009): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1950.tb09653.x.

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4

ALWALL, NILS. "Urethane in Multiple Myeloma I." Acta Medica Scandinavica 144, no. 2 (April 24, 2009): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1952.tb15674.x.

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5

Gonsenhauser, Iahn, Christopher G. Wilson, Fang Han, Kingman P. Strohl, and Thomas E. Dick. "Strain differences in murine ventilatory behavior persist after urethane anesthesia." Journal of Applied Physiology 97, no. 3 (September 2004): 888–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01346.2003.

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Differences in breathing pattern between awake C57BL/6J (B6) and A/J mice are such that A/J mice breathe slower, deeper, and with greater variability than B6. We theorized that urethane anesthesia, by affecting cortical and subcortical function, would test the hypothesis that strain differences require a fully functional neuroaxis. We anesthetized B6 and A/J mice with urethane, placed them in a whole-body plethysmograph, and measured the durations of inspiration and expiration, respiratory frequency (Fr), and peak amplitude during exposure to room air (21% O2), hyperoxia (5 min, 100% O2), hypoxia (5 min, 8% O2), and posthypoxic reoxygenation (5 min, 100% O2). Breathing variability was assessed by calculating the coefficient of variation (CV) and by applying spatial statistics to Poincaré plots constructed from the timing and amplitude data. Even though Fr in anesthetized B6 and A/J mice was greater than that for unanesthetized animals, anesthetized A/J mice still breathed slower, deeper, and with greater variability than B6 mice at rest and during hyperoxia. During the fourth minute of hypoxia, Fr and its CV were not significantly different between strains. Even though Fr was similar between strains immediately after hypoxia, its CV was significantly greater for B6 than A/J mice. Posthypoxic Fr was significantly less than baseline Fr in B6 but not A/J mice, and the CV for posthypoxic Fr was greater for B6 but less for AJ mice compared with baseline CV. This difference in patterning was confirmed by spatial statistical analysis. We conclude that strain-specific differences in respiratory pattern and its variability are robust genetic traits. The neural substrate for these differences, at least partially, exists within subcortical structures generating the breathing pattern.
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6

Hogreffe, Georg, and Erik Pedersen. "URETHANE TREATMENT OF LEUKEMIA IN MICE*." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica 27, no. 1 (August 14, 2009): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1950.tb05186.x.

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7

Jiang, Yanyan, Jennifer Martin, Maryam Alkadhimi, Kay Shigemori, Paul Kinchesh, Stuart Gilchrist, Veerle Kersemans, et al. "Olaparib increases the therapeutic index of hemithoracic irradiation compared with hemithoracic irradiation alone in a mouse lung cancer model." British Journal of Cancer 124, no. 11 (March 19, 2021): 1809–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41416-021-01296-y.

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Abstract Background The radiosensitising effect of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib on tumours has been reported. However, its effect on normal tissues in combination with radiation has not been well studied. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic index of olaparib combined with hemithoracic radiation in a urethane-induced mouse lung cancer model. Methods To assess tolerability, A/J mice were treated with olaparib plus whole thorax radiation (13 Gy), body weight changes were monitored and normal tissue effects were assessed by histology. In anti-tumour (intervention) studies, A/J mice were injected with urethane to induce lung tumours, and were then treated with olaparib alone, left thorax radiation alone or the combination of olaparib plus left thorax radiation at 8 weeks (early intervention) or 18 weeks (late intervention) after urethane injection. Anti-tumour efficacy and normal tissue effects were assessed by visual inspection, magnetic resonance imaging and histology. Results Enhanced body weight loss and oesophageal toxicity were observed when olaparib was combined with whole thorax but not hemithorax radiation. In both the early and late intervention studies, olaparib increased the anti-tumour effects of hemithoracic irradiation without increasing lung toxicity. Conclusions The addition of olaparib increased the therapeutic index of hemithoracic radiation in a mouse model of lung cancer.
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8

de Carvalho, Lilian Rego, Andrea Borrego, José Ricardo Jensen, Wafa Hanna Koury Cabrera, Aline Marques Santos, Orlando Garcia Ribeiro, Nancy Starobinas, et al. "Genetic Predisposition to Hepatocarcinogenesis in Inbred and Outbred Mouse Lines Selected for High or Low Inflammatory Response." Journal of Immunology Research 2019 (March 31, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5298792.

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AIRmax and AIRmin mouse strains phenotypically selected for high and low acute inflammatory responsiveness (AIR) are, respectively, susceptible or resistant to developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by the chemical carcinogens urethane and diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Early production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the liver after DEN treatment correlated with tumor development in AIRmax mice. Transcriptome analysis of livers from untreated AIRmax and AIRmin mice showed specific gene expression profiles in each line, which might play a role in their differential susceptibility to HCC. Linkage analysis with SNP markers in F2 (AIRmax×AIRmin) intercross mice revealed two quantitative trait loci (QTL) in chromosomes 2 and 9, which are significantly associated with the number and progression of urethane-induced liver tumors. An independent linkage analysis with an intercross population from A/J and C57BL/6J inbred mice mapped regions in chromosomes 1 and 7 associated with the progression of urethane-induced liver tumors, evidencing the heterogeneity of HCC genetic control.
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9

Yang, Peng Fei. "In Situ FT-IR Studies on the Urethane Reaction Kinetics of 1,3-Butanediol in Nitrogen-Contained Solvent." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 1911–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.1911.

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Phenyl isocyanate is used to react with 1,3-butanediol at different temperatures. Dimethylformamide is used as solvent. In-situ FT-IR is used to monitor the reaction to work out rate constant, Arrhenius equation and Eyring equation. The urethane reaction has been found to be a second order reaction, and the rate constant seems different between initial stage and final stage. The activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy (ΔH) and activation entropy (ΔS) for the urethane reaction of primary hydroxyl group are calculated out, which are 90.9 kJ•mol-1, 88.2 kJ•mol-1and 20.2 J•mol-1•k-1, respectively. They are very useful to reveal the reaction mechanism.
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10

Yang, Peng Fei. "In Situ FT-IR Studies on the Urethane Reaction Kinetics of 3-Methyl-1,3-Butanediol in Nitrogen-Contained Solvent." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 1743–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.1743.

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Phenyl isocyanate is used to react with 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol at different temperatures. Dimethylformamide is used as solvent. In-situ FT-IR is used to monitor the reaction to work out rate constant, Arrhenius equation and Eyring equation. The urethane reaction has been found to be a second order reaction, and the rate constant seems different between initial stage and final stage. The activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy (ΔH) and activation entropy (ΔS) for the urethane reaction of tertiary hydroxyl group are calculated out, which are 75.2 kJ•mol-1, 72.4 kJ•mol-1and -44.8 J•mol-1•k-1, respectively. They are very useful to reveal the reaction mechanism.
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11

Yang, Peng Fei. "In Situ FT-IR Studies on the Catalytic Reaction Kinetics of 1,2-Propanediol with Phenyl Isocyanate." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.131.

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Phenyl isocyanate is used to react with 1,2-propanediol in different temperatures. Toluene is used as solvent and triethylamine is used as catalyst. In-situ FT-IR is used to monitor the reaction to work out rate constant, Arrhenius equation and Eyring equation. The urethane reaction has been found to be a second order reaction, and the rate constant seems different between initial stage and final stage. The activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy (ΔH) and activation entropy (ΔS) for the urethane reaction are calculated out, which are 74.1 kJ•mol-1, 71.3 kJ•mol-1 and -30.5 J•mol-1•k-1, respectively. They are very useful to reveal the reaction mechanism.
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12

Yang, Peng Fei. "In Situ FT-IR Studies on the Amine-Catalyzed Urethane Reaction Kinetics of 1,3-Butanediol." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 2223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.2223.

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Phenyl isocyanate is used to react with 1,3-butanediol at different temperatures. Toluene is used as solvent and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane is used as catalyst. In-situ FT-IR is used to monitor the reaction to work out rate constant, Arrhenius equation and Eyring equation. The urethane reaction has been found to be a second order reaction, and the rate constant seems different between initial stage and final stage. The activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy (ΔH) and activation entropy (ΔS) for the urethane reaction of primary hydroxyl group are calculated out, which are 26.4 kJ•mol-1, 23.6 kJ•mol-1and -186.6 J•mol-1•k-1, respectively. They are very useful to reveal the reaction mechanism.
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13

Haddad, F. S. "Corrigenda/Errata." Bone & Joint Journal 95-B, no. 11 (November 2013): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.95b11.33174d.

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Cadossi M, Chiarello E, Savarino L, Tedesco G, Baldini N, Faldini C, Giannini S. A comparison of hemiarthroplasty with a novel polycarbonate-urethane acetabular component for displaced intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck: a randomised controlled trial in elderly patients. Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:609-615.
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14

Golder, FJ, SA Robertson, A. Valverde, and DC Bolser. "Urethane anesthesia in adult female rats: preliminary observations." Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 30, no. 2 (April 2003): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2995.2003.13335.x.

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15

Ruusuvirta, Timo, Kalle Koivisto, Jan Wikgren, and Piia Astikainen. "Processing of melodic contours in urethane-anaesthetized rats." European Journal of Neuroscience 26, no. 3 (July 18, 2007): 701–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05687.x.

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16

Höglund, N. J. "Effects of Ethyl Urethane on Reproduction in Mice." Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 8, no. 1 (March 13, 2009): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1952.tb02887.x.

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17

AAS, KNUT. "Myelomatosis with Normal Serum Protein Values, Treated with Urethane." Acta Medica Scandinavica 135, no. 6 (April 24, 2009): 426–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1949.tb09603.x.

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18

GULLBERG, BENGT. "The Effect of Urethane in Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma." Acta Medica Scandinavica 139, S259 (April 24, 2009): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1951.tb13233.x.

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19

MOHSEN, N. M., and R. G. CRAIG. "Hydrolytic stability of silanated zirconia-silica-urethane dimethacrylate composites." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 22, no. 3 (March 1995): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1995.tb01566.x.

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20

Smith, W. F. "A New Process for Combining Urethane Foam with Textiles." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 79, no. 4 (October 22, 2008): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1963.tb02542.x.

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21

Ohno, J. "Telomerase activation and p53 mutations in urethane-induced A/J mouse lung tumor development." Carcinogenesis 22, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/22.5.751.

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22

Emanuele, M. A., J. Tentler, L. Kirsteins, D. Reda, N. V. Emanuele, and A. M. Lawrence. "Anaesthesia with alphaxalone plus alphadolone acetate decreases serum concentrations of LH in castrated rats." Journal of Endocrinology 115, no. 2 (November 1987): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1150221.

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ABSTRACT Alphaxalone is considered the anaesthetic of choice in neuroendocrine reproductive studies in female rats, since it appears to have little, if any, effect on release of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone. There has been less study of the effects of this anaesthetic on the male reproductive neuroendocrine axis, however. Accordingly, the time-dependent effects of alphaxalone, as well as of urethane and ketamine, on the increased levels of LH in castrated rats were determined. Each anaesthetic was administered i.p. and each depressed LH levels significantly compared with those in castrated unanaesthetized rats killed by decapitation (controls). The effect of the anaesthetics was noted 15 min after administration and persisted at 30 and 60 min in animals anaesthetized with alphaxalone and urethane. Only in ketamine-anaesthetized animals did serum concentrations of LH finally rise to concentrations not significantly different from those in control rats. Thus alphaxalone, though useful in female neuroendocrine studies, is as profoundly disruptive as other anaesthetics on the male rat hypothalamic-pituitary reproductive unit. J. Endocr. (1987) 115, 221–223
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23

Dutree-Meulenberg, R. O. G. M., B. Naafs Th van Joost, and A. M. Geursen-Reitsma. "Contact dermatitis caused by urethane acrylates in a hearing aid." Contact Dermatitis 24, no. 2 (February 1991): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01676.x.

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24

Nomura, Taisei, Terumasa Hayashi, Toshiya Masuyama, Satonori Tanaka, Hiroo Nakajima, Nobuo Kurokawa, and Yukio Isa. "Carcinogenicity of Sublimed Urethane in Mice through the Respiratory Tract." Japanese Journal of Cancer Research 81, no. 8 (August 1990): 742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.1990.tb02639.x.

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25

Domowicz, Miriam S., Silvia C. Kivatinitz, Beatriz L. Caputto, and Ranwel Caputto. "Synthesis and Translocation of Gangliosides and Glycoproteins During Urethane Anesthesia." Journal of Neurochemistry 50, no. 5 (May 1988): 1369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb03018.x.

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26

Maggi, Alberto Carlo, Martino Furio, Paolo Santicioli, and Alberto Meli. "Intracisternal glycine activates the micturition reflex in urethane-anaesthetized rats." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 37, no. 7 (July 1985): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1985.tb03058.x.

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27

Waghela, Daxa, and J. B. Houston. "PHARMACOKINETICS OF ETHOXYCOUMARIN AND HYDROXYCOUMARIN IN THE URETHANE-ANAESTHETISED RAT." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 37, S12 (December 1985): 36P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1985.tb14108.x.

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28

Maranhäo-Filho, Péricles de Andrade, and Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leäo. "A Note on the Action of Glutamine on Cortical Spreading Depression." Cephalalgia 11, no. 4 (September 1991): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1991.1104201.x.

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Application of a solution of 1-glutamine, 75 mM, to the pia-arachnoid surface of the dorsolateral neocortex of rabbits under dial-urethane anaesthesia was found to reversibly render the tissue insusceptible to spreading depression. It is suggested that this amide may play a part in the opposition normally offered by the tissue to undergo spreading depression. Some evidence is adduced which seems to support this suggestion.
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29

Vultur, Adina, Evangelia Tomai, Katherine Peebles, Alvin M. Malkinson, Nicholas Grammatikakis, Poh-Gek Forkert, and Leda Raptis. "Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication in Cells Isolated from Urethane-Induced Tumors in A/J Mice." DNA and Cell Biology 22, no. 1 (January 2003): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/104454903321112479.

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30

BOLIN, DAVID R., IOU-IOU SYTWU, FRANK HUMIEC, and JOHANNES MEIENHOFER. "Preparation of oligomer-free Nα-Fmoc and Nα-urethane amino acids." International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research 33, no. 5 (January 12, 2009): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3011.1989.tb00694.x.

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31

Bouairi, Evguenia, Robert Neff, Cory Evans, Allison Gold, Michael C. Andresen, and David Mendelowitz. "Respiratory sinus arrhythmia in freely moving and anesthetized rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 97, no. 4 (October 2004): 1431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00277.2004.

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Heart rate increases during inspiration and slows during postinspiration; this respiratory sinus arrhythmia helps match pulmonary blood flow to lung inflation and maintain an appropriate diffusion gradient of oxygen in the lungs. This cardiorespiratory pattern is found in neonatal and adult humans, baboons, dogs, rabbits, and seals. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia occurs mainly due to inhibition of cardioinhibitory parasympathetic cardiac vagal neurons during inspiration. Surprisingly, however, a recent study in anesthetized rats paradoxically found an enhancement of cardiac vagal activity during inspiration, suggesting that rats have an inverted respiratory sinus arrhythmia (Rentero N, Cividjian A, Trevaks D, Pequignot JM, Quintin L, and McAllen RM. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 283: R1327–R1334, 2002). To address this controversy, this study examined respiratory sinus arrhythmia in conscious freely moving rats and tested whether the commonly used experimental anesthetics urethane, pentobarbital sodium, or ketamine-xylazine alter respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Heart rate significantly increased 21 beats/min during inspiration in conscious rats, a pattern similar to the respiratory sinus arrhythmia that occurs in other species. However, anesthetics altered normal respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Ketamine-xylazine (87 mg/kg and 13 mg/kg) depressed and pentobarbital sodium (60 mg/kg) abolished normal respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Urethane (1 g/kg) inverted the cardiorespiratory pattern so that heart rate significantly decreased during inspiration. Our study demonstrates that heart rate normally increases during inspiration in conscious, freely moving rats, similar to the respiratory sinus arrhythmia pattern that occurs in other species but that this pattern is disrupted in the presence of general anesthetics, including inversion in the case of urethane. The presence and consequences of anesthetics need to be considered in studying the parasympathetic control of heart rate.
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32

Neffgen, Stephan, Helmut Keul, and Hartwig Höcker. "Poly(tetrahydrofuran)-block-poly(trimethylene urethane): synthesis and characterization." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 20, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3927(19990401)20:4<194::aid-marc194>3.0.co;2-j.

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33

Nocca, Giuseppina, Giuseppe E. Martorana, Pasquale De Sole, Francesco De Palma, Cinzia Callà, Pasquale Corsale, Mirca Antenucci, et al. "Effects of 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate and urethane dimethacrylate on HL-60 cell metabolism." European Journal of Oral Sciences 117, no. 2 (April 2009): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2008.00606.x.

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34

Mecit, Og??uz, and Ahmet Akar. "Synthesis of Urethane Oil Varnishes from Waste Poly(ethylene terephthalate)." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 286, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 513–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1439-2054(20010901)286:9<513::aid-mame513>3.0.co;2-j.

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35

El-Mas, Mahmoud M., and Abdel A. Abdel-Rahman. "Contrasting Effects of Urethane, Ketamine, and Thiopental Anesthesia on Ethanol-Clonidine Hemodynamic Interaction." Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 21, no. 1 (February 1997): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1997.tb03723.x.

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36

KAZANIETZ, MARCELO G., JORGE S. GUTKIND, and MARÍA AMELIA ENERO. "Effects of clenbuterol treatment on the responses to vasodilators in urethane-anaesthetized rats." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 42, no. 10 (October 1990): 735–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb06572.x.

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37

Honda, Masashi, Atsushi Takenaka, Seiya Inoue, Michael B. Chancellor, and Naoki Yoshimura. "Sensory neurone-specific receptor-mediated regulation of micturition reflex in urethane-anaesthetized rats." BJU International 109, no. 4 (July 5, 2011): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.2011.10400.x.

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38

McKitrick, D. J., and L. F. Arnolda. "Cardiovascular responses to CRH or DLH microinjection in the NTS of urethane anaesthetized rats." Heart, Lung and Circulation 9, no. 3 (December 2000): A155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1443-9506.2000.08618.x.

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39

Matsumura, H., M. Nakamura, N. Tanoue, and M. Atsuta. "Clinical evaluation of an urethane tetramethacrylate-based composite material as a prosthetic veneering agent." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 27, no. 10 (October 2000): 846–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2000.00599.x.

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40

Mohsen, N. M., R. G. Craig, and F. E. Filisko. "The effects of moisture on the dielectric relaxation of urethane dimethacrylate polymer and composites." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 28, no. 4 (April 2001): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00669.x.

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41

Matsumura, H., M. Nakamura, N. Tanoue, and M. Atsuta. "Clinical evaluation of an urethane tetramethacrylate-based composite material as a prosthetic veneering agent." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 27, no. 10 (July 7, 2008): 846–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2000.00599.x.

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42

Festing, Michael F. W., Aili Yang, and A. M. Malkinson. "At least four genes and sex are associated with susceptibility to urethane-induced pulmonary adenomas in mice." Genetical Research 64, no. 2 (October 1994): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300032705.

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SummarySusceptibility to urethane-induced lung adenomas in mice has a polygenic mode of inheritance, with no obvious discontinuity in lung tumour counts among 37 AXB recombinant inbred strains. However, mean tumour counts were markedly higher in strains carrying the A/J allele at the Kras2 and H2 complex than in those carrying the C57BL/6 allele. In 162 F2 hybrids and small numbers of both backcrosses between strain A/J (susceptible) and C57BL/6 (resistant) mice, five factors influencing susceptibility were identified. Variation due to the ‘major’ Kras2 locus (chromosome 6) accounted for 60% of the total variation. ‘Minor’ loci linked to microsatellite markers Tnfb (in the H2 complex), D9Mit11 and D19MH16 (on chromosomes 17, 9 and 19, respectively) accounted for a further 13% of the variation, and males had more tumours than females with sex differences accounting for 2% of the variation. No significant association with 32 other loci was detected. On a square-root transformed scale, heterozygotes at all marker loci were of intermediate susceptibility compared with homozygotes. Thethree minor loci and sex only affected lung tumour counts when at least one susceptible Kras2 allele was present.
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43

ESKOLA, OIVA. "A case of Aleucia Hemorrhagica (Frank) and Panmyelophthisis Posterior to Urethane Treatment in Leukemia." Acta Medica Scandinavica 133, no. 4 (April 24, 2009): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1949.tb09357.x.

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ASHITOMI, KATSUHIRO, KIMIO SUGAYA, MINORU MIYAZATO, SAORI NISHIJIMA, and YOSHIHIDE OGAWA. "Intrathecal glutamate promotes glycinergic neuronal activity and inhibits the micturition reflex in urethane-anesthetized rats." International Journal of Urology 13, no. 12 (November 16, 2006): 1519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.2006.01651.x.

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45

Aravindan, N., J. P. Cata, L. Hoffman, P. M. Dougherty, B. J. Riedel, K. J. Price, and A. D. Shaw. "Effects of isoflurane, pentobarbital, and urethane on apoptosis and apoptotic signal transduction in rat kidney." Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 50, no. 10 (November 2006): 1229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01102.x.

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46

Kazerani, Hamid R., and Brian L. Furman. "Comparison of urethane/chloralose and pentobarbitone anaesthesia for examining effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide in mice." Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology 20, no. 4 (August 2006): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-8206.2006.00413.x.

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47

Vasanthakumar, G. R., and V. V. S. Babu. "Simple and stereospecific homologation of urethane-protected α-amino acids to their higher homologs using HBTU1." Journal of Peptide Research 61, no. 5 (March 28, 2003): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3011.2003.00052.x.

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48

Angel, A., and R. H. Arnott. "The effect of Etomidate on sensory transmission in the dorsal column pathway in the urethane-anaesthetized rat." European Journal of Neuroscience 11, no. 7 (July 1999): 2497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00671.x.

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Mohsen, N. M., R. G. Craig, and F. E. Filisko. "The effects of different additives on the dielectric relaxation and the dynamic mechanical properties of urethane dimethacrylate." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 27, no. 3 (March 2000): 250–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2000.00491.x.

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Kurz, CM, U. Baranowska, S. Łupiński, M. Göthert, B. Malinowska, and E. Schlicker. "Urethane, but not pentobarbitone, attenuates presynaptic receptor function in rats: a contribution to the choice of anaesthetic." British Journal of Pharmacology 157, no. 8 (August 2009): 1474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00315.x.

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