Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Uremia'
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Vera, Rivera Manel. "Modulación farmacológica de la disfunción endotelial en la uremia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669216.
Full textCardiovascular disease (CV) is the leading cause of death of patients with terminal chronic kidney disease (ERCT). This high prevalence of CV disease (in the form of microvascular or macrovascular alterations - atherosclerosis or arteriosclerosis) has as a common link endothelial dysfunction (ED), is aggravated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and manifests itself by presenting a proinflammatory, prooxidant and prothrombotic phenotype. This Doctoral Thesis (TD) hypothesizes that it is possible to improve the ED present in uremia through new pharmacological modulation approaches based on the identification of new potential therapeutic targets. The objectives are: to explore the effects of the modulation of different antioxidant-anti-inflammatory systems, and the possibility of intervention on epigenetic changes associated with chronic exposure of endothelial cells (EC) to the uremic environment. he results of the first work show that the pharmacological modulation of antioxidant systems, through the potentiation of the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) pathway, induces a greater antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response than the strategies that enhance the superoxide dismutase (SOD) pathway or the different flavonoids, which obtain partial results. The results of the second show that the uremic medium induces changes in protein expression at the EC level. Some of these changes are reversed by the drug defibrotide (DF), with recognized endothelial protective properties in other contexts. Of the overexpressed proteins in the EC exposed to the uremic environment and which are normalized by the DF, we highlight, due to their biological relevance, HDAC1 and HDAC2. The DF, regulating the overexpression of HDAC1 and HDAC2, achieves an improvement of the proinflammatory, prothrombotic and prooxidant phenotype, and a decrease in the activity of innate immunity, of the EC exposed to the uremic environment. Thus, this TD allows us to conclude that it is possible to improve the ED present in CKD in vitro through a different approach to that available to date, with strategies that focus on counteracting the prooxidant environment, as well as some of the epigenetic changes observed in these CE, opening the expectations of possible new therapeutic targets.
Medeiros, Giane Amanda. "Gestação em mulheres em tratamento hemodialítico: repercussões do adoecimento sobre o desejo pela maternidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-17022009-110254/.
Full textThe reproductive capacity of women on hemodialysis is reduced because of hormonal changes, ovulation disturbs and menstrual disturbs. Pregnancy to this group is considered rare and risky. In the last two decades, some changes in the treatment to chronic renal disease have resulted in better life quality to patients, including the increase of fertility. Reports have been put on public relating the possibilities of success. This descriptive study has proposed to investigate how much uremic women are informed about pregnancy in their case, and identify if they wish to be pregnant. It was used as data collect: semi directed interview, Operational Adaptative Diagnostic Scale, and the boards 1, 2, 3MF, 7MF and 16 of Thematic Apperception Test TAT. The study included 23 woman with 24 43 age. Eighteen women have at least one child or more, just five of them do not have any children. The results has demonstrated they are not informed about pregnancy and hemodialysis treatment. Most of the women want to be pregnant, including those who have already been. We observed they are able to be pregnant because 60% of them have active sexual life, 60% menstruate monthly and just 52% avoid pregnancy with contraceptive method. Operational Adaptative Diagnostic Scale revealed that every interviewed woman is not adapted to the treatment (all of them considered their adaptation inefficient), 18% light inefficient adaptation, 39% moderated inefficient adaptation, and 43% severe inefficient adaptation. TAT boards revealed difficulties lived by the dependency to the hemodialysis machine, also revealed how much familiar support is important and fundamental to face the pertinent limits to chronic renal disease. The research data indicate it is important to the doctors to be attempted to womens sexuality. And it is also important that dialogue about familiar plan has to happen among the medical group intervention
Wolfe, Elizabeth Anne. "The potential applications of microencapsulated urease and zirconium phosphate for the removal of urea in uraemia /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=43587.
Full textGalvão, André Luiz Baptista [UNESP]. "Avaliação clínico-laboratorial de cães com doença renal crônica sob tratamento com o antioxidante N-acetilcisteína." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89222.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da n-acetilcisteína (NAC) na função renal, na pressão arterial, no perfil hematológico, hepático e eletrolítico em cães saudáveis e com doença renal crônica. Quatro grupos de cães foram avaliados, grupo normal controle (N-C), grupo normal tratado (N-T), grupo doente renal crônico controle (DRC-C) e grupo doente renal crônico tratado (DRCT). Os grupos N-T e DRC-T foram submetidos ao tratamento com NAC (VO) na dose de 10mg/kg b.i.d, durante 60 dias. Nos grupos N-C e DRC-C não foi realizado qualquer tipo de tratamento. Hemograma, perfil renal, hepático, eletrolítico e pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) foram avaliados previamente, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após o tratamento com NAC. A NAC não exerceu qualquer efeito sobre a PAS e o perfil hepático, em nenhum dos grupos estudados (p>0,05). A concentração sérica de uréia e de creatinina do grupo DRC-C (93,42±17,28; 2,52±0,23mg/dL), foi significativamente maior, em relação ao N-C (20,44±3,43; 0,87±0,14mg/dL) e N-T (30,97±1,05; 1,09±0,05mg/dL) (p<0,05). O clereance creatinina do grupo DRC-C (1,13±0,07mL/min/kg) foi significativamente menor, relativamente ao N-C (2,29±0,13mL/min/kg) (p<0.05). O grupo DRC-T apresentou valor de excreção fracionada de sódio (1,19±0,29%) significativamente maior, comparativamente aos grupos N-C (0,25±0,03%) e N-T (0,30±0,08%) (p<0,05). A contagem de hemácias no grupo N-T (7,05±0,48x106/μL) foi significativamente superior, em relação ao grupo DRC-C (5,50±0,11x106/μL) (p<0,05). O grupo N-T apresentou hematócrito (49,44±3,13%) superior ao grupo DRC-C (38,73±1,02%) e DRC-T (43,46±1,42%) (p<0,05). A concentração sérica de sódio no grupo N-T (149±4,99mg/dL) foi superior, em relação ao N-C (141±1,32mg/dL) (p<0,05).
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of n-acetylcysteine in dogs with chronic kidney disease. To this end, the animals were devided in four groups: healthy control group (H-C), healthy treated group (H-T), control chronic kidney disease (C-CKD), and treated chronic kidney disease (T-CKD). H-T and TCKD groups received 10mg/kg of NAC, PO, q 12h, during 60 days. H-C and TCKD did not receive any treatment. Cell blood count, kidney, hepatic, and electrolytic profile, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were evaluated previously, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after treatment with NAC. NAC did not exert any effect on SBP and hepatic profile, in any studied group (P > 0.05). Serum Urea and creatinine values in the group C-CKD (93.42±17.28; 2.52±0.23mg/dL) was significantly higher, in comparison to H-C (20,44±3,43; 0,87±0,14mg/dL) and H-T (30,97±1,05; 1,09±0,05mg/dL) (P < 0.05). Average creatinine clearance of C-CKD group (1.13±0.07 mL/min./kg) was significantly lower than H-C group (2.29±0.13mL/min./kg) (P < 0.05). Excretion fraction of sodium was significantly higher in group T-CKD (1.19±0.29%), than in H-C (0.25±0.03%) and H-T (0.30±0.08%) groups (P < 0.05). Erythrocytes count in the H-T (7.05±0.48x106/μL) increased significantly in comparison to C-CKD (5.50±0.11x106/μL) (P < 0.05). Average hematocrit values changed significantly in the H-T group (49.44±3.13%), when compared to C-CKD (38.73±1.02%) and T-CKD (43.46±1.42%) groups (P < 0.05). Serum sodium concentration in the group H-T (149±4.99mg/dL) increased significantly, when compared to H-C (141±1.32mg/dL) (P < 0.05).
Guimarães, Alexandre Costa. "Avaliação do efeito da uremia em diferentes métodos de determinação da A1c em pacientes com e sem Diabetes mellitus." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/114966.
Full textSilveira, Isadora Pereira da. "Epidemiologia, prevalência e distribuição das lesões extrarrenais de uremia em cães." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10192.
Full textOs rins exercem funções vitais para o organismo como a excreção de resíduos, manutenção das concentrações de sal e água, produção de hormônios e regulação do equilíbrio ácido-básico. Com a redução severa da função renal, ocorre a retenção de produtos nitrogenados do catabolismo das proteínas, condição denominada de azotemia. A uremia pode ser entendida como uma condição resultante de azotemia prolongada e é uma importante causa de morte em cães. Com o objetivo de determinar a epidemiologia, a prevalência e as características morfológicas, incluindo a localização anatômica, das lesões extrarrenais de uremia, bem como determinar as principais lesões do sistema urinário associadas à ocorrência de uremia, foram revisados os protocolos de necropsias de cães realizadas no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria entre janeiro de 1996 e dezembro de 2012 (17 anos). Nesse período foram necropsiados um total de 4.201 cães, sendo que 161 (3,8% ) apresentaram lesões extrarrenais de uremia. Em 134 cães (83,2%) foram descritos sinais clínicos associados à uremia. As lesões extrarrenais mais frequentes, em ordem decrescente foram: a gastrite ulcerativa e hemorrágica (56,5%), mineralização de tecidos moles (55,9%), edema pulmonar (47,2%), estomatite e/ou glossite ulcerativa (30,4%), endocardite/trombose atrial e aórtica (28,6%), hiperplasia da paratireoide (9,3%), osteodistrofia fibrosa (8,1%), anemia (6,2%), laringite ulcerativa (5%), enterite ulcerativa/hemorrágica (3,7%), esofagite fibrinonecrótica (1,9%) e pericardite fibrinosa (1.9%). Na maioria dos casos, as lesões extrarrenais de uremia foram decorrentes de azotemia prolongada por lesões renais graves, sendo as mais prevalentes a nefrite intersticial e a glomerulonefrite.
Silva, Margarete Mara da. "Aminoácidos plasmáticos e intracelulares em insuficiência renal crônica : aminoácidos em uremia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5755.
Full textUhlin, Fredrik. "Haemodialysis Treatment Monitored On-line by Ultra Violet Absorbance." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Linköping University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7987.
Full textGalvão, André Luiz Baptista. "Avaliação clínico-laboratorial de cães com doença renal crônica sob tratamento com o antioxidante N-acetilcisteína /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89222.
Full textBanca: Luciane Helena Gargaglioni Batalhão
Banca: Angela Akamatsu
Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da n-acetilcisteína (NAC) na função renal, na pressão arterial, no perfil hematológico, hepático e eletrolítico em cães saudáveis e com doença renal crônica. Quatro grupos de cães foram avaliados, grupo normal controle (N-C), grupo normal tratado (N-T), grupo doente renal crônico controle (DRC-C) e grupo doente renal crônico tratado (DRCT). Os grupos N-T e DRC-T foram submetidos ao tratamento com NAC (VO) na dose de 10mg/kg b.i.d, durante 60 dias. Nos grupos N-C e DRC-C não foi realizado qualquer tipo de tratamento. Hemograma, perfil renal, hepático, eletrolítico e pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) foram avaliados previamente, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após o tratamento com NAC. A NAC não exerceu qualquer efeito sobre a PAS e o perfil hepático, em nenhum dos grupos estudados (p>0,05). A concentração sérica de uréia e de creatinina do grupo DRC-C (93,42±17,28; 2,52±0,23mg/dL), foi significativamente maior, em relação ao N-C (20,44±3,43; 0,87±0,14mg/dL) e N-T (30,97±1,05; 1,09±0,05mg/dL) (p<0,05). O clereance creatinina do grupo DRC-C (1,13±0,07mL/min/kg) foi significativamente menor, relativamente ao N-C (2,29±0,13mL/min/kg) (p<0.05). O grupo DRC-T apresentou valor de excreção fracionada de sódio (1,19±0,29%) significativamente maior, comparativamente aos grupos N-C (0,25±0,03%) e N-T (0,30±0,08%) (p<0,05). A contagem de hemácias no grupo N-T (7,05±0,48x106/μL) foi significativamente superior, em relação ao grupo DRC-C (5,50±0,11x106/μL) (p<0,05). O grupo N-T apresentou hematócrito (49,44±3,13%) superior ao grupo DRC-C (38,73±1,02%) e DRC-T (43,46±1,42%) (p<0,05). A concentração sérica de sódio no grupo N-T (149±4,99mg/dL) foi superior, em relação ao N-C (141±1,32mg/dL) (p<0,05).
Abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of n-acetylcysteine in dogs with chronic kidney disease. To this end, the animals were devided in four groups: healthy control group (H-C), healthy treated group (H-T), control chronic kidney disease (C-CKD), and treated chronic kidney disease (T-CKD). H-T and TCKD groups received 10mg/kg of NAC, PO, q 12h, during 60 days. H-C and TCKD did not receive any treatment. Cell blood count, kidney, hepatic, and electrolytic profile, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were evaluated previously, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after treatment with NAC. NAC did not exert any effect on SBP and hepatic profile, in any studied group (P > 0.05). Serum Urea and creatinine values in the group C-CKD (93.42±17.28; 2.52±0.23mg/dL) was significantly higher, in comparison to H-C (20,44±3,43; 0,87±0,14mg/dL) and H-T (30,97±1,05; 1,09±0,05mg/dL) (P < 0.05). Average creatinine clearance of C-CKD group (1.13±0.07 mL/min./kg) was significantly lower than H-C group (2.29±0.13mL/min./kg) (P < 0.05). Excretion fraction of sodium was significantly higher in group T-CKD (1.19±0.29%), than in H-C (0.25±0.03%) and H-T (0.30±0.08%) groups (P < 0.05). Erythrocytes count in the H-T (7.05±0.48x106/μL) increased significantly in comparison to C-CKD (5.50±0.11x106/μL) (P < 0.05). Average hematocrit values changed significantly in the H-T group (49.44±3.13%), when compared to C-CKD (38.73±1.02%) and T-CKD (43.46±1.42%) groups (P < 0.05). Serum sodium concentration in the group H-T (149±4.99mg/dL) increased significantly, when compared to H-C (141±1.32mg/dL) (P < 0.05).
Mestre
Coussa, Razek. "Artificial cell live yeast microcapsule formulation for use in renal failure uremia." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111612.
Full textLo, Man-wai, and 盧文偉. "The anatomical relationship and variation between internal jugular veins and carotid arteries in uraemic patients." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46579199.
Full textBarbosa, Tatiana de Sousa [UNESP]. "Efeito do soro urêmico de cães com insuficiência renal sobre o metabolismo oxidativo e apoptose dos polimorfonucleares." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92198.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Embora a insuficiência renal ocorra com bastante freqüência na espécie canina, não se sabe se essa condição, a semelhança do que ocorre em humano, compromete o funcionamento dos poliformonucleares (PMN). O superóxido produzido pelo metabolismo oxidativo dos PMN exerce importante papel na resposta imune inata, destruído os patógenos fagocitados, entretanto, quando em excesso age de modo deletério promovendo a aceleração da apoptose. Testou-se a hipótese de que, a semelhança do que ocorrer em humanos, as toxinas presentes no soro de cães urêmicos alteram o metabolismo oxidativo e acelera a morte celular programada dos neutrófilos de cães normais. Para tal o sangue total e polimorfonucleares isolados de dez cães sadios foram incubados com soro urêmico. A produção de superóxido foi quantificada pelo teste de redução do tetrazólio nitroazul (NBT) e o índice apoptótico calculado pelo método morfométrico. A produção de superóxido gerada dos neutrófilos de sangue total tratados com soro urêmico apresentou significante redução (p < 0,05). Quando isolados e incubados com soro urêmico, apenas na metade das amostras os PMN apresentaram concomitantemente diminuição da produção de superóxido e aumento do índice apoptótico. Foi possível concluir que os componentes presentes no soro urêmico alteram ex vivo o metabolismo oxidativo e a apoptose dos PMN, fortalecendo a hipótese de que cães com de insuficiência renal têm sua imunidade inata comprometida.
Although kidney failure occurs frequently on canine species, it is unknown if this condition, being similar to what occurs in human beings, jeopardized the functioning of the polymorphonuclear (PMN). The superoxide produced by the oxidative metabolism of the PMN plays an important role in the immune inherent answer, having destroyed the pathogenic phagocytized. However, when in excess it acts in a deleterious way promoting the acceleration of apoptosis. It was tested by the hypothesis that, similar to what occurs in humans, the toxins present in the serum of uremic dogs alter the oxidative metabolism and accelerates the programmed cellular death of the neutrophis of normal dogs. For that, the total blood and polymorphonuclears isolated from ten healthy dogs were incubated with uremic serum. The production of superoxide was quantified by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT) and the index apoptic was calculated by the morphometric method. The production of superoxide generated from the neutrophil of total blood treated with uremic serum presented significant reduction (P<0.05). When isolated and incubated with uremic serum, only on half of the sample the PMN presented concomitantly a reduction of production of superoxide and increase of apoptotic index. It was possible deduct that the components present in the uremic serum alter ex vivo the oxidative metabolism and the apoptosis of the PMN, consolidating the hypothesis that dogs having kidney failure have their inherent immunity jeopardized.
Ventura, Fernanda Voll Costa. "Transtornos da hemostasia em cães azotêmicos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29542.
Full textUremia is a systemic disorder that may be associated with acquired platelet dysfunction, leading to changes in primary hemostasis. Several interference models between uremia and hemostasis failure have been proposed, but the exact mechanism is unknown, and bleeding tendencies seem to have a multifactorial origin. The buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) test can be used in the assessment of primary hemostasis in animals. Normal or increased von Willebrand factor (vWF:Ag), observed in most uremic dogs, contributes to the diagnosis of an acquired platelet alteration. Normal platelet counts and coagulation tests associated with BMBT raises support the suspicion of a qualitative defect. The aim of this study was to investigate possible hemostasis abnormalities, trying to establish a relation between the results of laboratory tests and changes in bleeding times. Hemostasis was evaluated in forty azotemic dogs, uremic or not. Increase in BMBTs was observed in 35% of the azotemic dogs. Spearman’s test showed a correlation between BMBT and the values of creatinine, urea and hematocrit; however, adjusting for Multiple Linear Regression showed hematocrit as the only variable associated with BMBT. Hematocrit values below reference range for the species was observed in 92,86% of the patients showed an increase in BMBT. These low values appear to contribute to the tendency to bleed, although they cannot be considered as a preditive determining factor, since their occurrence is not always associated with interference in BMBT.
Panizo, García Sara. "Mecanismos de calcificación vascular asociados a la uremia y al tratamiento con calcitriol." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8275.
Full textPer a comprovar l´eficàcia i els efectes de ambdós tractaments i de la urèmia es va utilitzar com a model rates sotmeses a nefrectomía subtotal i tractades amb Calcitriol o Paricalcitol. Per analitzar l´influència del fòsfor sobre la calcificació vascular i altres afectacions fisiològiques es van utilitzar rates sanes alimentades amb dietes amb diferents continguts en fòsfor, amb i sense l´adicció d´un quelant, el carbonat de lantà. En els experiments in vitro es va treballar amb cèl-lules de múscul llis vascular (CMLV) procedents d´explants d´aortes de rates sotmeses a diferents condicions.
Tant el tractament amb Calcitriol com el de Paricalcitol presenten una eficàcia similar a l´hora de disminuir els nivells sèrics de PTH, però el de Calcitriol i no el de Paricalcitol incrementa la calcificació de les cèl-lules de múscul llis vascular (CMLV), in vitro e in vivo, independentment dels nivells de calci i fòsfor. Aquest augment de la calcificació és paral-lel a l´increment de la expressió RANKL/ osteoprotegerina (OPG). La calcificació vascular és un procés actiu, en el qual s´expressen marcadors osteogènics, com RANKL. RANKL és un lligand de RANK (receptor activador de NF-κB) que s´expressa fonamentalment en osteoblasts. Aquest lligand provoca la calcificació de las CMLV de forma dosis dependent. Aquest efecte de RANKL en la calcificació vascular és bloquejat per OPG. És la unió de RANKL al seu RANK i l´activació de la via alternativa de NF-kB la que desencadena l´augment en l´expressió de bone morphogeneticprotein 4 (BMP4), responsable de la calcificació de las CMLV.
La urèmia provoca un augment de la calcificació vascular que està relacionada amb la desregulació dels enzims del metabolisme de la vitamina D. Es produeix un augment a nivell de l´arteria dels nivells de 1,25 (OH)2D3, que estimula l´expressió de RANKL en les CMLV induint la seva calcificació. El tractament amb Calcitriol potencia aquest efecte. Aquesta desregulació té lloc a nivell arterial, però no s´observa a nivell renal.
Una dieta alta en fòsfor en animals amb funció renal normal no provoca un augment significatiu de les calcificacions vasculars a curt plaç. Tot i així produeix un increment dels nivells sèrics de PTH, que impliquen un augment de sistema Renina-Angiotensina-Aldosterona amb el seu conseqüent augment en la pressió arterial.
Per tant, la calcificació vascular és un procés complexe afectat per múltiples factors que estableixen entre sí multitud de connexions. El bloqueig de RANKL i el control dels nivells sèrics de fòsfor, semblen ser de gran importància a l´hora d´actuar sobre les afectacions cardiovasculars que pateixen els pacients amb MRC.
La calcificación vascular es un fenómeno frecuente en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Además, estos pacientes presentan una disminución de los niveles de vitamina D (1,25 (OH)2D3) responsables del desarrollo de hiperparatiroisdimo secundario. Por esta razón, es una práctica común el tratar a estos pacientes con vitamina D (Calcitriol) o análogos, como el Paricalcitol. Los pacientes con ERC presentan además niveles de fósforo sérico elevados asociados con un incremento de la mortalidad y morbilidad.
Para comprobar la eficacia y efectos de ambos tratamientos y de la uremia se utilizó como modelo ratas sometidas a nefrectomía subtotal y tratadas con Calcitriol o Paricalcitol. Para analizar la influencia del fósforo sobre la calcificación vascular y otras afectaciones fisiológicas se emplearon ratas sanas alimentadas con dietas con diferente contenido en fósforo, con y sin la adicción de un quelante, el carbonato de lantano. En los experimentos in vitro se trabajó con células de músculo liso vascular (CMLV) procedentes de explantes de aortas de ratas sometidas a distintas condiciones.
Tanto el tratamiento con Calcitriol como con Paricalcitol presentan una eficacia similar a la hora de disminuir los niveles séricos de PTH, pero el Calcitriol, y no el Paricalcitol incrementa la calcificación de las CMLV, in vitro e in vivo, independientemente de los niveles de calcio y fósforo. Este aumento de la calcificación es paralelo al incremento de la expresión RANKL/ osteoprotegerina (OPG). La calcificación vascular es un proceso activo, en el cual se expresan marcadores osteogénicos, como RANKL. RANKL es el ligando de RANK (receptor activador de NF-κB) que se expresa fundamentalmente en osteoblastos. Este ligando provoca la calcificación de las CMLV de manera dosis dependiente. Este efecto de RANKL en la calcificación vascular es bloqueado por OPG. Es la unión de RANKL a su RANK y la activación de la vía alternativa de NF-κB la que desencadena el aumento en la expresión de bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), responsable de la calcificación de las CMLV.
La uremia provoca un aumento de la calcificación vascular que está relacionada con la desregulación de los enzimas del metabolismo de la vitamina D. Se produce una elevación a nivel de la arteria de los niveles de 1,25(OH)2D3, que estimulan la expresión de RANKL en las CMLV induciendo su calcificación. El tratamiento con Calcitriol potencia este efecto. Esta desregulación tiene lugar a nivel arterial, pero no se observa a nivel renal.
Una dieta alta en fósforo en animales con función renal normal no provoca un aumento significativo de las calcificaciones vasculares a corto plazo. Sin embargo produce un aumento de los niveles séricos de PTH, que implican una elevación de sistema Renina-Angiotensina-Aldosterona con su consecuente aumento en la presión arterial.
Por lo tanto, la calcificación vascular es un proceso complejo afectado por múltiples factores que establecen entre si multitud de conexiones. El bloqueo de RANKL y el control de los niveles séricos de fósforo, parecen ser de gran importancia a la hora de actuar sobre las afectaciones cardiovasculares que sufren los pacientes con ERC.
Vascular calcification is a common process in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, these patients have reduced levels of vitamin D (1,25 (OH)2D3) responsible for the development of secondary hyperparatiroidism. For this reason, it is common practice to treat these patients with vitamin D (Calcitriol) or analogues, as Paricalcitol. CKD patients also have elevated serum phosphorus levels associated with increased mortality and morbidity.
To check the effects of the treatments and the uraemia, we used uremic rats (subjected to subtotal nephrectomy) and treated them with Paricalcitol or Calcitriol. To analyze the influence of phosphorus on vascular calcification and other physiological affectations we used healthy rats fed with diets with different phosphorus content, with and without the addition of a phosphate binder, lanthanum carbonate. In vitro experiments we used vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) obtained from explants of aortas of rats subjected to various conditions.
Calcitriol and Paricalcitol treatments present similar efficacy to decrease serum PTH, but Calcitriol, and not Paricalcitol, increase the calcification of VSMC in vitro and in vivo independently of the calcium and phosphorus levels. This increase in calcification is parallel to increased expression RANKL / osteoprotegerin (OPG). Vascular calcification is an active process, which are expressed osteogenic markers, such as RANKL. RANKL is the ligand of RANK (receptor activator of NF-κB) which is expressed primarily in osteoblasts. This ligand causes calcification of VSMC in a dose-dependent manner. This effect of RANKL in vascular calcification is blocked by OPG. The bind of RANKL to RANK and its activation of the alternative pathway of NF-κB triggers the increased expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), that is the responsible for VSMC calcification.
Uraemia promotes an increased in vascular calcification that is associated with deregulation of the enzymes of metabolism of vitamin D. The elevation of arterial levels of 1,25 (OH)2D3 stimulates the expression of RANKL inducing VSMC calcification. Calcitriol treatment enhances this effect. This deregulation happens in arteries, but is not observed in the kidneys.
Diets with high phosphorus content do not cause a significant increase in vascular calcifications in short-term in animals with normal renal function. But it produces an increase in serum PTH, resulting in an elevation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with the consequent increase in blood pressure.
Thus, vascular calcification is a complex process affected by multiple factors that establish many connections between them. The blockade of RANKL and the control of serum phosphorus levels could be very important to minimized cardiovascular damages in patients with CKD
Martin, Luis Cuadrado [UNESP]. "Alterações do ventrículo esquerdo e suas inter-relações com a monitorização ambulatorial de pressão arterial em pacientes tratados por hemodiálise crônica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104035.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O conjunto de trabalhos que compõe essa tese identificou que a pressão arterial na MAPA foi o melhor preditor da HVE o que apresentou significado prognóstico. Assim, pôde-se identificar tanto a HVE como a hipertensão arterial aferida pela MAPA como fatores prognósticos. Observou-se também que a monitorização de pressão arterial estendida por 44 horas apresentou vantagens em identificar os pacientes com maior hipertrofia ventricular e pior prognóstico. O primeiro estudo apresentado evidencia associação independente do ganho de peso interdialítico com a hipertrofia ventricular esquerda acessada por ecocardiografia em pacientes em hemodiálise, sugerindo que o ganho de peso interdialítico pode induzir hipertrofia ventricular por mecanismos independentes da elevação da pressão arterial. A associação, independente da própria pressão arterial, entre grau de hipertrofia ventricular esquerda e parâmetros de sobrecarga hidrossalina tais como: ganho médio de peso no interdialítico ou diferença entre volume real do paciente obtido por cinética de uréia e volume teórico estimado por medidas antropométricas sugere que a sobrecarga hidrossalina seja fator importante na patogênese da HVE em diálise. Talvez este seja o fator mais importante em seguida da sobrecarga pressórica. Evidenciou-se também que o impacto prognóstico da HVE foi independente da pressão arterial e associou-se a parâmetros ecocardiográficos que indicam hipervolemia. O segundo estudo permite propor que, em pacientes tratados por hemodiálise, a realização de MAPA seja estendida por 44 horas, tendo em vista que a PA sofre elevação do primeiro para o segundo dia pós-hemodiálise e que não só o nível da pressão arterial, mas também o comportamento desta durante as 44 horas parece ter um impacto independente sobre o sistema cardiovascular do indivíduo...
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a well-known predictor of cardiovascular mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease maintained on hemodialysis (HD) and is not always correlated to the severity of hypertension in these patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of other factors contributing to LVH. Fifty HD patients were classified in three groups according to whether their LV mass index (LVMI) was higher (n=15), equal (n=20) or lower (n=15) than that predicted by a formula based on their ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Those with higher LVMI than predicted had significantly greater inter-HD weight gain (3.4 l 0.8 vs. 2.7 l 0.8 and 2.6 l 05 kg, respectively, in the other two groups, p < 0.05) and those with lower LVMI than predicted had a tendency to a more pronounced night dipping pattern of BP (p=0.07 vs. the other two groups), although day and night average BP levels did not differ between groups. All other clinical and laboratory parameters were similar among the three groups, except higher cardiac output and various indices of LVH, that were more pronounced in the higher LVMI by ABPM group. This group had also the lowest survival rate over the two to three years of follow-up, with five deaths vs. two in each one of the other two groups. The data suggest that correct management of inter-HD weight gain by nutritional counseling and shorter inter-HD intervals may prevent LVH and improve survival independently of BP control.
Carraro, Gianni. "Terapia dell'iperparatiroidismo secondario nei pazienti emodializzati." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425975.
Full textBarroso, LeocÃcio Venicius de Sousa. "AvaliaÃÃo da FunÃÃo Sexual e Reprodutiva de Homens em HemodiÃlise e Transplantados Renais (Estudo Piloto)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1983.
Full textTemos por objetivo avaliar a funÃÃo sexual e testicular (endÃcrina e espermÃtica) de homens em hemodiÃlise e transplantados renais. O estudo compreende 22 pacientes renais crÃnicos em hemodiÃlise e 21 pacientes transplantados renais acompanhados no ambulatÃrio de prà e pÃs-transplante do Hospital UniversitÃrio Walter CantÃdio, UFC. Os pacientes foram submetidos a anamnese, exame fÃsico e avaliados atravÃs de questionÃrio de avaliaÃÃo sexual. A avaliaÃÃo endÃcrina foi feita atravÃs dos seguintes hormÃnios: FSH, LH, Prolactina e Testosterona. AnÃlise seminal (espermograma) e testes de funÃÃo espermÃtica (teste hipo-osmÃtico, teste de estabilizaÃÃo da cromatina nuclear e swim-up) foram realizados. As medianas dos escores dos grupos controle, hemodiÃlise, transplante, foram, respectivamente, na funÃÃo erÃtil 29/27, 5/28; funÃÃo orgÃstica 10/10/10, funÃÃo desejo sexual 10/8/9, satisfaÃÃo com a relaÃÃo sexual 13/11/12, satisfaÃÃo com a vida sexual 10/10/9, evidenciando que nÃo houve diferenÃa estatisticamente significante entre os grupos, exceto no componente desejo sexual em que o grupo hemodiÃlise foi maior que o controle (P = 0,0004). As medianas das concentraÃÃes hormonais, no grupo hemodiÃlise e transplante, foram, respectivamente, prolactina 17,27/11,4; testoterona 5,25/4,78; FSH 3,65/4,11; LH 7,02/5,9; nÃo sendo constatada diferenÃa estatisticamente significante, exceto pelas dosagens de prolactina que foram maiores no grupo hemodiÃlise (P = 0,0035). As mÃdias e desvio-padrÃo dos parÃmetros seminais e testes de funÃÃo espermÃtica nos grupos hemodiÃlise e transplante, foram respectivamente, volume 1,86Â0,85/3Â1,9; pH 8Â0/8,14Â0,24; concentraÃÃo 25,57Â25,7/36,6Â37,5; motilidade progressiva 30,29Â27,5/33Â9,67; vitalidade 40Â16,7/52Â12,2; morfologia 10,14Â6,39/13,67Â11,02; estabilidade da cromatina nuclear (estÃvel) 80Â2,16/82Â3,9; estabilidade da membrana espermÃtica 59,71Â4,61/58,5Â4,76; motilidade progressiva pÃs-capacitaÃÃo 48,8Â25,19/40,33Â16,02; concentraÃÃo pÃs-capacitaÃÃo 3,42Â3,7/7,67Â4,18; evidenciando que nÃo houve diferenÃa estatisticamente significante. Conclui-se que o transplante renal nÃo melhora a funÃÃo sexual dos pacientes renais crÃnicos em hemodiÃlise. Houve pouca alteraÃÃo do eixo hipotÃlamo-hipÃfise-gÃnada, em ambos os grupos estudados, porÃm houve melhora dos nÃveis de prolactina sÃrica no grupo transplantado. NÃo hà melhora dos parÃmetros do espermograma padrÃo com o transplante renal, porÃm houve pouca alteraÃÃo nas provas de funÃÃo renal, em ambos os grupos, o que sugere boa previsÃo de fertilidade neste grupo de pacientes estudados.
Our goal is to evaluate the sexual and testicular (endocrine and spermatic) functions on men submitted to hemodialysis and kidney transplants. Our study is based on 22 patients with chronic kidney disease during hemodialysis and 21 kidney transplanted patients attended on a first aid station special for those cases of previous and post transplant at the Hospital UniversitÃrio Walter CantÃdio, UFC. The patients were submitted to anamnesis, physical exams and evaluated through a questionary about sexual performance. The endocrine evaluation was made considering the following hormones: FSH, LH, Prolactin and Testosterone. Semen analysis (spermogram) and sperm functional tests (hypo-osmotic test, nuclear chromatin stabilization test and swim-up test) were made. The median scores of the control, hemodialysis and transplant group were respectively: at erectile function 29/27,5/28, at orgastic function 10/10/10, at sexual desire function 10/8/9, at intercourse satisfaction 13/11/12, at satisfaction related to sexual life 10/10/9 proving that there was no significant statistical difference between the groups â excepting the sexual desire component in which the hemodialysis group was bigger than the control group (P = 0.0004). The hormones concentration averages in the hemodialysis and transplant group were respectively: prolactin 17,27/11,4; testosterone 5,25/4,78; FSH 3,65/4,11; LH 7,02/5,9 and it was not verified any significant statistical difference â excepting the prolactin levels that were higher in the hemodialysis group (P = 0,0035). The average and standard deviation from the semen parameter and sperm functional tests on the hemodialysis and transplant group were respectively: volume 1,86Â0,85/3Â1,9; pH 8Â0/8,14Â0,24; concentration 25,57Â25,7/36,6Â37,5; progressive motility 30,29Â27,5/33Â9,67; vitality 40Â16,7/52Â12,2; morphology 10,14Â6,39/13,67Â11,02; stability of nuclear chromatin (stable) 80Â2,16/82Â3,9; stability of the sperm membrane 59,71Â4,61/58,5Â4,76; progressive motility after capacitation 48,8Â25,19/40,33Â16,02; concentration after capacitation 3,42Â3,7/7,67Â4,18 showing that there was no significant statistical difference. Thus, we can conclude that kidney transplants do not improve the sexual function of patients with cronic kidney disease submitted to hemodialysis. The alteration in hypothalamus-hypophysis-gonad was not significant in both groups studied. However, there was an improvement of the seric prolactin levels on the transplanted group. There was no improvement of the standard spermogram parameter related to kidney transplant, but it was observed a slight alteration concerning the sperm functional tests in both groups that suggests a good forecast of fertility in the group of patients studied.
Schiller, Tamar Marie. "Urea production capacity in the wood frog (Rana sylvatica) varies with season and experimentally induced hyperuremia." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1196441446.
Full textSoeiro, Carolina Soares [UNESP]. "Mensuração do superóxido e apoptose neutrofílica em cães azotêmicos e urêmicos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92187.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O metabolismo oxidativo e apoptose dos neutrófilos de pacientes humanos nefropatas e sua relação com as toxinas urêmicas tem sido, nos últimos anos, amplamente investigados devido sua importância como elemento imunossupressor. Recentemente surgiram evidências de que a uremia causa disfunção neutrofílica em cães nefropatas, porém não se sabe se o acúmulo de compostos nitrogenados, que também ocorrem nas azotemias não renais, igualmente afeta a função dos neutrófilos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar ex vivo a hipótese de que plasmas urêmicos e azotêmicos igualmente afetam o metabolismo oxidativo e a apoptose dos neutrófilos de cães. Para tal, neutrófilos de cães sadios foram isolados e incubados com plasma autólogo, plasma de cão azotêmico e urêmico. A produção de superóxido, com e sem o estimulo com PMA, foi estimada pelo método de redução do nitroazul tetrazólio (NBT) e por citometria de fluxo capilar utilizando-se a sonda hidroetidina (HE). A taxa de neutrófilos viáveis, em apoptose inicial e final, foi quantificada por citometria utilizando-se Anexina V-PE e o índice apoptótico mensurado pelo método morfométrico. A produção de superóxido gerada pelos neutrófilos isolados, em ambos os tratamentos (plasma urêmico e azotêmico) apresentou significante redução (p<0,05). Já a apoptose dos neutrófilos de cães sadios foi acelerada, quando incubados com plasmas urêmico e azotêmico. Pode-se concluir que os componentes presentes nos plasmas urêmicos e azotêmicos alteram ex vivo o metabolismo oxidativo e a apoptose dos neutrófilos, fortalecendo a hipótese de que in vivo ambas condições podem comprometer a imunidade inata de cães
The oxidative metabolism and apoptosis of neutrophils from human patients with nephropathy and its relation with uremic toxins has been widely investigated in the last years because of its importance as an immunosuppressive element. Recently evidences suggests that uremia causes neutrophil dysfunction in dogs with renal disease, but it is unclear whether the accumulation of nitrogen compounds, which also occur in non-renal azotemia, can as well affect the role of neutrophils. The objective of this study was to test ex vivo the hypothesis that uremic and azotemic plasma also affects the oxidative metabolism and apoptosis of neutrophils in dogs. To this end, neutrophils from healthy dogs were isolated and incubated with autologous plasma, plasma of azotemic and uremic dog. The production of superoxide, with and without PMA stimulation was estimated by the method of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (NBT) and by capillary flow cytometry using the hydroethidine probe (HE). The rate of viable, in early and late apoptosis neutrophils was quantified by flow cytometry using Annexin V-PE and theapoptotic index was measured by morphometric method. The production of superoxide generated by isolated neutrophils in both treatments (azotemic and uremic plasma) showed a significant reduction (p <0.05). Neutrophil apoptosis of healthy dogs was accelerated when incubated with uremic and azotemic plasma. In conclusion, the components present in uremic and azotemic plasma change ex vivo the oxidative metabolism and apoptosis of neutrophils, emphasizing the hypothesis that in vivo both conditions can compromise the innate immunity of dogs
Barbosa, Tatiana de Sousa. "Efeito do soro urêmico de cães com insuficiência renal sobre o metabolismo oxidativo e apoptose dos polimorfonucleares /." Araçatuba : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92198.
Full textBanca: Áureo Evangelista Santana
Banca: Aguemi Kohayagawa
Resumo: Embora a insuficiência renal ocorra com bastante freqüência na espécie canina, não se sabe se essa condição, a semelhança do que ocorre em humano, compromete o funcionamento dos poliformonucleares (PMN). O superóxido produzido pelo metabolismo oxidativo dos PMN exerce importante papel na resposta imune inata, destruído os patógenos fagocitados, entretanto, quando em excesso age de modo deletério promovendo a aceleração da apoptose. Testou-se a hipótese de que, a semelhança do que ocorrer em humanos, as toxinas presentes no soro de cães urêmicos alteram o metabolismo oxidativo e acelera a morte celular programada dos neutrófilos de cães normais. Para tal o sangue total e polimorfonucleares isolados de dez cães sadios foram incubados com soro urêmico. A produção de superóxido foi quantificada pelo teste de redução do tetrazólio nitroazul (NBT) e o índice apoptótico calculado pelo método morfométrico. A produção de superóxido gerada dos neutrófilos de sangue total tratados com soro urêmico apresentou significante redução (p < 0,05). Quando isolados e incubados com soro urêmico, apenas na metade das amostras os PMN apresentaram concomitantemente diminuição da produção de superóxido e aumento do índice apoptótico. Foi possível concluir que os componentes presentes no soro urêmico alteram ex vivo o metabolismo oxidativo e a apoptose dos PMN, fortalecendo a hipótese de que cães com de insuficiência renal têm sua imunidade inata comprometida.
Abstract: Although kidney failure occurs frequently on canine species, it is unknown if this condition, being similar to what occurs in human beings, jeopardized the functioning of the polymorphonuclear (PMN). The superoxide produced by the oxidative metabolism of the PMN plays an important role in the immune inherent answer, having destroyed the pathogenic phagocytized. However, when in excess it acts in a deleterious way promoting the acceleration of apoptosis. It was tested by the hypothesis that, similar to what occurs in humans, the toxins present in the serum of uremic dogs alter the oxidative metabolism and accelerates the programmed cellular death of the neutrophis of normal dogs. For that, the total blood and polymorphonuclears isolated from ten healthy dogs were incubated with uremic serum. The production of superoxide was quantified by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT) and the index apoptic was calculated by the morphometric method. The production of superoxide generated from the neutrophil of total blood treated with uremic serum presented significant reduction (P<0.05). When isolated and incubated with uremic serum, only on half of the sample the PMN presented concomitantly a reduction of production of superoxide and increase of apoptotic index. It was possible deduct that the components present in the uremic serum alter ex vivo the oxidative metabolism and the apoptosis of the PMN, consolidating the hypothesis that dogs having kidney failure have their inherent immunity jeopardized.
Mestre
Srimanote, Potjanee. "Analysis of putative virulence factors of a locus of enterocyte effacement-negative shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O113:H21 strain." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php863.pdf.
Full textFavretto, Giane. "Avaliação da captação de p-Cresil sulfato e indoxil sulfato por células endoteliais humanas via transportadores de Ânions orgânicos (OATs)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/45953.
Full textCoorientador : Profª. Drª. Wesley Maurício de Souza
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciencias Biológicas (Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia Básica). Defesa: Curitiba, 16/02/2016
Inclui referências : f. 54-61
Resumo: p-Cresil Sulfato (PCS) e Indoxil Sulfato (IS) são toxinas urêmicas ligadas à proteínas, responsáveis por muitas das consequências clínicas da uremia, tais como a disfunção endotelial na doença renal crônica (DRC). Os transportadores de ânions orgânicos (OATs), representam uma família de transportadores que medeiam a absorção de uma vasta gama de moléculas e também de toxinas urêmicas por células tubulares proximais. No presente estudo investigamos a captação de PCS e IS por OAT1 e OAT3 em células endoteliais vasculares humanas. O PCS foi sintetizado a partir de seu precursor p-cresol através de sulfatação utilizando ácido clorossulfônico/KOH a fim de obter um sal de potássio. A caracterização do PCS foi realizada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE), espectrometria de massa (EM) e Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de H1 e C13. As células endoteliais humanas foram tratadas com as concentrações normal, urêmica e urêmica máxima de PCS (0,08, 1,75 e 2,6 mg/L) e IS (0,6, 53 e 236 mg/L) respectivamente, com e sem Probenicid (Pb), comumente utilizado como agente uricosúrico, e descrito como um inibidor de OATs. A viabilidade celular foi avaliada pelo ensaio de Brometo de 3-[4,5-dimetil-tiazol-2-il]-2,5-difeniltetrazólio (MTT). A captação de PCS e IS foi avaliado em extratos de células endoteliais à 4 e 37ºC por CLAE. OAT1 e OAT3 foram avaliados por western blot e imunocitoquímica. A expressão da quimiocina monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) foi avaliada por ELISA em sobrenadante de células endoteliais tratadas com PCS e IS com e sem Pb após cinética de 0, 3 e 6 h. A viabilidade celular diminuiu significativamente após 24 h de tratamento com PCS (P<0,05) e IS (P<0,001) de uma forma dose dependente para IS, e foi restabelecida após o tratamento com Pb. A captação de PCS e IS analisados por CLAE mostrou que a 37ºC ocorre a internalização celular de PCS e IS, e quando o Pb foi adicionado, houve a inibição da captação para ambas as toxinas, o que sugere que os OATs estão envolvidos na captação e transporte celular de PCS e IS. Além disso, à 4ºC foi observada uma internalização diminuída. A análise por western blot e imunocitoquímica mostraram que tanto OAT1 quanto OAT3 estão envolvidos na captação de PCS e IS em células endoteliais, com maior expressão de OAT1. A expressão de MCP-1 foi aumentada após 3 e 6 h de tratamento com PCS e IS, mas diminuiu após o tratamento com Pb. Em conclusão, PCS e IS servem como substratos para OATs em células endoteliais humanas e sua captação é mediada por estes transportadores. O bloqueio seletivo dos OATs pode servir como uma estratégia terapêutica para inibir a expressão de biomarcadores inflamatórios vasculares, tais como a quimiocina MCP-1, uma das principais moléculas no processo de aterosclerose urêmica. Nossos resultados podem ser úteis para melhor compreender os mecanismos celulares e moleculares da toxicidade urêmica em pacientes com DRC e reverter em novas estratégias terapêuticas nestes pacientes. Palavras-chave: toxicidade urêmica, p-cresil sulfato, indoxil sulfato, OATs, captação.
Abstract: Protein bound uremic toxins such as p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) are responsible for many of the uremia clinical consequences, such as endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Organic anion transporters (OATs), are a family of transporters that mediate the uptake of a wide range of molecules, and have being enrolled in the uptake of uremic toxins on e.g. proximal tubular cells. In this study we investigated whether OAT 1 and OAT 3 are enrolled in the uptake of PCS and IS in human vascular endothelial cells. PCS was synthesized by p-cresol sulfatation using chlorosulfonic acid/KOH in order to obtain a potassium salt, and characterized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS) and 13C and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra. Indoxyl sulfate was purchased commercially. Human endothelial cells (E.A.hy 926 - ATCC CRL 2922) were treated with normal, uremic and maximum uremic concentrations of PCS (0.08 mg/L, 1.75 mg/L and 2.6 mg/L) and IS (0.6 mg/L, 53 mg/L and 236 mg/L) respectively, with and without Probenicid (Pb), commonly used as a uricosuric agent and described as an OAT inhibitor. Cell viability was assessed by MTT. The PCS and IS up take was analyzed in endothelial cells extracts at 4°C and 37°C by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). OAT 1 and OAT 3 were assessment by western blot and immunocytochemistry. Cell viability decreases after 24h of PCS (P<0,05) and IS (P<0,001) treatment in a dose dependent manner. The uptake of PCS and IS in cells extracts analyzed by HPLC, showed that at 37 ºC the cell internalization occurs for PCS and IS and when Pb was added, there was no evidence of both toxins, suggesting that OATs are involved in the active cellular transport of PCS and IS. In addition no uptake activity was noted at 4°C. Western blot and immunocytochemistry analysis showed that both OAT1 and OAT3 are involved in the uptake of PCS and IS in endothelial cells, with larger contribution by OAT1. MCP-1 expression increased after 3 and 6h of PCS and IS treatment, but decreased after Pb treatment. In conclusion, PCS and IS serve as OATs substrates in human endothelial cells and their uptake is mediated by OATs. The selective blockage of OATs could serve as a therapeutic strategy to inhibit he expression of vascular inflammatory biomarkers, such as Protein MCP-1, one of the main molecules in the uremic atherosclerosis process. Our findings could be useful to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of uremic toxicity in CKD patients. Key-words: uremic toxicity, p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, OATs, uptake.
Martin, Luis Cuadrado. "Alterações do ventrículo esquerdo e suas inter-relações com a monitorização ambulatorial de pressão arterial em pacientes tratados por hemodiálise crônica /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104035.
Full textResumo: O conjunto de trabalhos que compõe essa tese identificou que a pressão arterial na MAPA foi o melhor preditor da HVE o que apresentou significado prognóstico. Assim, pôde-se identificar tanto a HVE como a hipertensão arterial aferida pela MAPA como fatores prognósticos. Observou-se também que a monitorização de pressão arterial estendida por 44 horas apresentou vantagens em identificar os pacientes com maior hipertrofia ventricular e pior prognóstico. O primeiro estudo apresentado evidencia associação independente do ganho de peso interdialítico com a hipertrofia ventricular esquerda acessada por ecocardiografia em pacientes em hemodiálise, sugerindo que o ganho de peso interdialítico pode induzir hipertrofia ventricular por mecanismos independentes da elevação da pressão arterial. A associação, independente da própria pressão arterial, entre grau de hipertrofia ventricular esquerda e parâmetros de sobrecarga hidrossalina tais como: ganho médio de peso no interdialítico ou diferença entre volume real do paciente obtido por cinética de uréia e volume teórico estimado por medidas antropométricas sugere que a sobrecarga hidrossalina seja fator importante na patogênese da HVE em diálise. Talvez este seja o fator mais importante em seguida da sobrecarga pressórica. Evidenciou-se também que o impacto prognóstico da HVE foi independente da pressão arterial e associou-se a parâmetros ecocardiográficos que indicam hipervolemia. O segundo estudo permite propor que, em pacientes tratados por hemodiálise, a realização de MAPA seja estendida por 44 horas, tendo em vista que a PA sofre elevação do primeiro para o segundo dia pós-hemodiálise e que não só o nível da pressão arterial, mas também o comportamento desta durante as 44 horas parece ter um impacto independente sobre o sistema cardiovascular do indivíduo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a well-known predictor of cardiovascular mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease maintained on hemodialysis (HD) and is not always correlated to the severity of hypertension in these patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of other factors contributing to LVH. Fifty HD patients were classified in three groups according to whether their LV mass index (LVMI) was higher (n=15), equal (n=20) or lower (n=15) than that predicted by a formula based on their ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Those with higher LVMI than predicted had significantly greater inter-HD weight gain (3.4 l 0.8 vs. 2.7 l 0.8 and 2.6 l 05 kg, respectively, in the other two groups, p < 0.05) and those with lower LVMI than predicted had a tendency to a more pronounced night dipping pattern of BP (p=0.07 vs. the other two groups), although day and night average BP levels did not differ between groups. All other clinical and laboratory parameters were similar among the three groups, except higher cardiac output and various indices of LVH, that were more pronounced in the higher LVMI by ABPM group. This group had also the lowest survival rate over the two to three years of follow-up, with five deaths vs. two in each one of the other two groups. The data suggest that correct management of inter-HD weight gain by nutritional counseling and shorter inter-HD intervals may prevent LVH and improve survival independently of BP control.
Doutor
Barroso, Leocácio Venicius de Sousa. "Avaliação da função sexual e reprodutiva de homens em hemodiálise e transplantados renais (estudo piloto)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/7019.
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Our goal is to evaluate the sexual and testicular (endocrine and spermatic) functions on men submitted to hemodialysis and kidney transplants. Our study is based on 22 patients with chronic kidney disease during hemodialysis and 21 kidney transplanted patients attended on a first aid station special for those cases of previous and post transplant at the Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, UFC. The patients were submitted to anamnesis, physical exams and evaluated through a questionary about sexual performance. The endocrine evaluation was made considering the following hormones: FSH, LH, Prolactin and Testosterone. Semen analysis (spermogram) and sperm functional tests (hypo-osmotic test, nuclear chromatin stabilization test and swim-up test) were made. The median scores of the control, hemodialysis and transplant group were respectively: at erectile function 29/27,5/28, at orgastic function 10/10/10, at sexual desire function 10/8/9, at intercourse satisfaction 13/11/12, at satisfaction related to sexual life 10/10/9 proving that there was no significant statistical difference between the groups — excepting the sexual desire component in which the hemodialysis group was bigger than the control group (P = 0.0004). The hormones concentration averages in the hemodialysis and transplant group were respectively: prolactin 17,27/11,4; testosterone 5,25/4,78; FSH 3,65/4,11; LH 7,02/5,9 and it was not verified any significant statistical difference — excepting the prolactin levels that were higher in the hemodialysis group (P = 0,0035). The average and standard deviation from the semen parameter and sperm functional tests on the hemodialysis and transplant group were respectively: volume 1,86±0,85/3±1,9; pH 8±0/8,14±0,24; concentration 25,57±25,7/36,6±37,5; progressive motility 30,29±27,5/33±9,67; vitality 40±16,7/52±12,2; morphology 10,14±6,39/13,67±11,02; stability of nuclear chromatin (stable) 80±2,16/82±3,9; stability of the sperm membrane 59,71±4,61/58,5±4,76; progressive motility after capacitation 48,8±25,19/40,33±16,02; concentration after capacitation 3,42±3,7/7,67±4,18 showing that there was no significant statistical difference. Thus, we can conclude that kidney transplants do not improve the sexual function of patients with cronic kidney disease submitted to hemodialysis. The alteration in hypothalamus-hypophysis-gonad was not significant in both groups studied. However, there was an improvement of the seric prolactin levels on the transplanted group. There was no improvement of the standard spermogram parameter related to kidney transplant, but it was observed a slight alteration concerning the sperm functional tests in both groups that suggests a good forecast of fertility in the group of patients studied.
Temos por objetivo avaliar a função sexual e testicular (endócrina e espermática) de homens em hemodiálise e transplantados renais. O estudo compreende 22 pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise e 21 pacientes transplantados renais acompanhados no ambulatório de pré e pós-transplante do Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, UFC. Os pacientes foram submetidos a anamnese, exame físico e avaliados através de questionário de avaliação sexual. A avaliação endócrina foi feita através dos seguintes hormônios: FSH, LH, Prolactina e Testosterona. Análise seminal (espermograma) e testes de função espermática (teste hipo-osmótico, teste de estabilização da cromatina nuclear e swim-up) foram realizados. As medianas dos escores dos grupos controle, hemodiálise, transplante, foram, respectivamente, na função erétil 29/27, 5/28; função orgástica 10/10/10, função desejo sexual 10/8/9, satisfação com a relação sexual 13/11/12, satisfação com a vida sexual 10/10/9, evidenciando que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos, exceto no componente desejo sexual em que o grupo hemodiálise foi maior que o controle (P = 0,0004). As medianas das concentrações hormonais, no grupo hemodiálise e transplante, foram, respectivamente, prolactina 17,27/11,4; testoterona 5,25/4,78; FSH 3,65/4,11; LH 7,02/5,9; não sendo constatada diferença estatisticamente significante, exceto pelas dosagens de prolactina que foram maiores no grupo hemodiálise (P = 0,0035). As médias e desvio-padrão dos parâmetros seminais e testes de função espermática nos grupos hemodiálise e transplante, foram respectivamente, volume 1,86±0,85/3±1,9; pH 8±0/8,14±0,24; concentração 25,57±25,7/36,6±37,5; motilidade progressiva 30,29±27,5/33±9,67; vitalidade 40±16,7/52±12,2; morfologia 10,14±6,39/13,67±11,02; estabilidade da cromatina nuclear (estável) 80±2,16/82±3,9; estabilidade da membrana espermática 59,71±4,61/58,5±4,76; motilidade progressiva pós-capacitação 48,8±25,19/40,33±16,02; concentração pós-capacitação 3,42±3,7/7,67±4,18; evidenciando que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante. Conclui-se que o transplante renal não melhora a função sexual dos pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise. Houve pouca alteração do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gônada, em ambos os grupos estudados, porém houve melhora dos níveis de prolactina sérica no grupo transplantado. Não há melhora dos parâmetros do espermograma padrão com o transplante renal, porém houve pouca alteração nas provas de função renal, em ambos os grupos, o que sugere boa previsão de fertilidade neste grupo de pacientes estudados.
Castro, Bárbara Bruna Abreu de. "Efeito da Quitosana-Fe(III) reticulada sobre a calcificação vascular em um modelo de uremia." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/880.
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FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Introdução: A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) provoca alterações nas concentrações de fósforo, cálcio, vitamina D e paratormônio. A Quitosana Fe(III) reticulada (QSTFe( III)R) é um quelante de fósforo capaz de reduzir a hiperfosfatemia, principal indutora da calcificação vascular (CV) na DRC. Este polímero derivado da quitina mostrou ação quelante sobre o fósforo in vitro e in vivo em animais não urêmicos. Objetivo: Avaliar a ação quelante de fósforo da QST-Fe(III)R e seu efeito sobre a calcificação vascular em ratos com uremia induzida por adenina. Métodos: Ratos normais e urêmicos induzidos por dieta rica em fósforo (1%) e suplementada com adenina (0,75% - 4 semanas e 0,10% - 3 semanas) foram divididos em 4 grupos e tratados diariamente com água destilada (10ml/Kg/dia); 30mg/Kg/dia de QTSFe( III)R; 500mg/Kg/dia de CaCO3 e 500mg/Kg/dia de Cloridrato de sevelamer (Cl- Sev) durante 4 semanas. Foram mensurados creatinina (Cr), fósforo (P) e cálcio sérico (Ca), fosfatase alcalina (FA), PTH e FGF23, ao final da 4ª e 7ª semanas de experimento. O conteúdo de Ca foi quantificado em fragmentos da aorta abdominal e expresso em mg/g de aorta. Alterações da morfologia vascular foram avaliadas de forma semi-quantitativa no arco da aorta pela coloração de von Kossa. Utilizamos anticorpos específicos para identificação da expressão da angiotensina II (AngioII) e alfa-actina do músculo liso (α-actina) pela técnica de imuno-histoquímica, em fragmentos do arco da aorta. A avaliação morfológica foi realizada apenas na 7ª semana. Resultados: Nos grupos urêmicos observamos redução da função renal com pico de creatinina na quarta semana. Os tratamentos não alteraram a progressão da doença. O grupo DRC apresentou nível de fósforo 35% mais elevado comparado ao grupo controle. Todos os tratamentos reduziram aproximadamente 20% do fósforo sérico, além de reduzirem a fração excretada de fósforo (redução de 20% a 30%). Os tratamentos com QTS-Fe(III)R e CaCO3 foram eficientes em reduzir o PTH e a FA dos animais urêmicos. Acredita-se que o tratamento com Cl-Sev não tenha sido eficiente devido à intercorrências metodológicas de dificuldade de administração da droga. O grupo DRC apresentou conteúdo de cálcio na aorta 80% maior do que o grupo controle e a QTS-Fe(III)R reduziu o conteúdo de cálcio na aorta, apresentando uma média mais baixa que todos os outros tratamentos. Em comparação com o grupo controle, a QTS-Fe(III)R reduziu a expressão de AngioII na camada íntima da aorta. A utilização dos tratamentos não apresentou benefícios sobre a integridade da camada média quando avaliamos a expressão de α-actina. Conclusões: O modelo experimental promoveu perda importante e sustentada de função renal. A QTS-Fe(III)r apresentou eficiência quelante semelhante aos demais já utilizados na prática clínica e reduziu o conteúdo de cálcio na aorta.
Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) causes changes in the concentrations of phosphorus, calcium, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone. Cross-linked Iron(III) Chitosan (QST-Fe(III)R) is a phosphorus binder, with properties of reducing the hyperphosphatemia, the main inducer of vascular calcification (VC) in CKD. This polymer derived from chitin showed chelating action on phosphorus in vitro and in vivo. Objective: To evaluate the phosphorus chelating action of QST-Fe(III)R and its effect on VC in adenine-induced uremic rats. Methods: Normal and uremic rats, induced by adenine feeding (0.75% - 4 weeks and 0.10% - 3 weeks) and phosphorous 1%, were divided into 4 groups and treated daily with distilled water (10ml/kg/day); QST-Fe(III)R 30mg/kg/day; CaCO3 500mg/kg/day and sevelamer hydrochloride (Cl-Sev) 500mg/kg/day, for 4 weeks. Biochemical parameters were measured at the fourth and seventh week: creatinine (Cr), phosphorus (P) and serum calcium (Ca), alkaline phosphatase (FA), PTH and FGF23. The Ca content of the abdominal aortic fragments was quantified and expressed as mg/g of aortic tissue. We evaluated vascular changes in the aortic arch and calcium deposition. Specific antibodies used to identify the expression of angiotensin II (AngioII) and alphasmooth muscle actin (α-actin) by immunohistochemical technique, in fragments of abdominal aorta at seventh week. Results: In uremic groups, we observed reduced kidney function and a maximum creatinine in the fourth week. The treatments did not alter CKD progression. The CKD group showed 35% higher phosphorus, compared to the control group. All treatments reduced approximately in 20% the serum phosphorus, and reduced the FeP (reduction of 20% to 30%). Treatments with QTSFe( III)R and CaCO3 were effective in reducing PTH and FA of uremic rats. We believe that treatment with Cl-Sev has not been effective due to methodological problems during drug administration. The CKD group presented aortic calcium content 80% higher than the control group and the QTS-Fe(III)R reduced the calcium content in the aorta, more than all other treatments. Compared to the control group, the QTS-Fe(III)R promotes the reduction expression of AngioII in aortic intima. The treatments did not show benefits over the media layer integrity when evaluating the α-actin expression. Conclusions: The experimental model showed important and sustained loss of renal function. The QTS-Fe(III)R showed efficiency similar to others phosporus binders already used in clinical practice and reduced the calcium content in the aorta.
Ribeiro, Vanessa. "Influência da uremia na resposta celular e expressão da quimiocina CXCL 12 em pacientes em hemodiálise." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/29072.
Full textPereira, Priscila Preve [UNESP]. "Efeito das toxinas urêmicas guanidina e ácido guanidinoácetico sobre o metabolismo oxidativo e apoptose em neutrófilos de cães." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/128114.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
It has been recently reported that in canine chronic renal failure (CRF) there occurs oxidative stress, and that neutrophil dysfunction is associated with the increase of apoptosis. Among the many uremic toxins found in higher concentrations due to CRF, there is evidence - in humans - that guanidines inhibit the oxidative metabolism of neutrophils, affecting their bactericidal function. In this study, a systematic review of the relationship between guanidine compounds and neutrophils in dogs was undertaken. It was found that the literature on this subject is scarce and conflicting, which prompted this investigation of the relationship between the plasmatic concentration of guanidine, the production of superoxide, and the apoptosis of neutrophils in dogs with CRF. Morever, the effect of the isolated compound guanidine acetic acid (GAA) on the production of superoxide and on neutrophil apoptosis in healthy dogs was investigated in vitro. It was possible to verify that the large increase of plasmatic guanidine observed in dogs with CRF is not associated with the altered oxidative metabolism and the apoptosis of the neutrophils. The GAA inhibited the oxidative metabolism of the neutrophils in healthy dogs without affecting the viability of these cells
Pereira, Priscila Preve. "Efeito das toxinas urêmicas guanidina e ácido guanidinoácetico sobre o metabolismo oxidativo e apoptose em neutrófilos de cães /." Araçatuba, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/128114.
Full textAbstract:It has been recently reported that in canine chronic renal failure (CRF) there occurs oxidative stress, and that neutrophil dysfunction is associated with the increase of apoptosis. Among the many uremic toxins found in higher concentrations due to CRF, there is evidence - in humans - that guanidines inhibit the oxidative metabolism of neutrophils, affecting their bactericidal function. In this study, a systematic review of the relationship between guanidine compounds and neutrophils in dogs was undertaken. It was found that the literature on this subject is scarce and conflicting, which prompted this investigation of the relationship between the plasmatic concentration of guanidine, the production of superoxide, and the apoptosis of neutrophils in dogs with CRF. Morever, the effect of the isolated compound guanidine acetic acid (GAA) on the production of superoxide and on neutrophil apoptosis in healthy dogs was investigated in vitro. It was possible to verify that the large increase of plasmatic guanidine observed in dogs with CRF is not associated with the altered oxidative metabolism and the apoptosis of the neutrophils. The GAA inhibited the oxidative metabolism of the neutrophils in healthy dogs without affecting the viability of these cells
Orientador:Paulo Cesar Ciarlini
Banca:Fabiano Antonio Cadioli
Banca:Aureo Evangelista Santana
Mestre
Soeiro, Carolina Soares. "Mensuração do superóxido e apoptose neutrofílica em cães azotêmicos e urêmicos /." Araçatuba : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92187.
Full textBanca: Mary Marcondes
Banca: Raimundo Souza Lopes
Resumo: O metabolismo oxidativo e apoptose dos neutrófilos de pacientes humanos nefropatas e sua relação com as toxinas urêmicas tem sido, nos últimos anos, amplamente investigados devido sua importância como elemento imunossupressor. Recentemente surgiram evidências de que a uremia causa disfunção neutrofílica em cães nefropatas, porém não se sabe se o acúmulo de compostos nitrogenados, que também ocorrem nas azotemias não renais, igualmente afeta a função dos neutrófilos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar ex vivo a hipótese de que plasmas urêmicos e azotêmicos igualmente afetam o metabolismo oxidativo e a apoptose dos neutrófilos de cães. Para tal, neutrófilos de cães sadios foram isolados e incubados com plasma autólogo, plasma de cão azotêmico e urêmico. A produção de superóxido, com e sem o estimulo com PMA, foi estimada pelo método de redução do nitroazul tetrazólio (NBT) e por citometria de fluxo capilar utilizando-se a sonda hidroetidina (HE). A taxa de neutrófilos viáveis, em apoptose inicial e final, foi quantificada por citometria utilizando-se Anexina V-PE e o índice apoptótico mensurado pelo método morfométrico. A produção de superóxido gerada pelos neutrófilos isolados, em ambos os tratamentos (plasma urêmico e azotêmico) apresentou significante redução (p<0,05). Já a apoptose dos neutrófilos de cães sadios foi acelerada, quando incubados com plasmas urêmico e azotêmico. Pode-se concluir que os componentes presentes nos plasmas urêmicos e azotêmicos alteram ex vivo o metabolismo oxidativo e a apoptose dos neutrófilos, fortalecendo a hipótese de que in vivo ambas condições podem comprometer a imunidade inata de cães
Abstract: The oxidative metabolism and apoptosis of neutrophils from human patients with nephropathy and its relation with uremic toxins has been widely investigated in the last years because of its importance as an immunosuppressive element. Recently evidences suggests that uremia causes neutrophil dysfunction in dogs with renal disease, but it is unclear whether the accumulation of nitrogen compounds, which also occur in non-renal azotemia, can as well affect the role of neutrophils. The objective of this study was to test ex vivo the hypothesis that uremic and azotemic plasma also affects the oxidative metabolism and apoptosis of neutrophils in dogs. To this end, neutrophils from healthy dogs were isolated and incubated with autologous plasma, plasma of azotemic and uremic dog. The production of superoxide, with and without PMA stimulation was estimated by the method of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (NBT) and by capillary flow cytometry using the hydroethidine probe (HE). The rate of viable, in early and late apoptosis neutrophils was quantified by flow cytometry using Annexin V-PE and theapoptotic index was measured by morphometric method. The production of superoxide generated by isolated neutrophils in both treatments (azotemic and uremic plasma) showed a significant reduction (p <0.05). Neutrophil apoptosis of healthy dogs was accelerated when incubated with uremic and azotemic plasma. In conclusion, the components present in uremic and azotemic plasma change ex vivo the oxidative metabolism and apoptosis of neutrophils, emphasizing the hypothesis that in vivo both conditions can compromise the innate immunity of dogs
Mestre
Bouts, Antonia Hendrika Maria. "Functional and immunological studies in children with chronic renal failure the effects of uremia and dialysis treatment /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2001. http://dare.uva.nl/document/59328.
Full textLieuallen, Warren Grogger. "The effects of uremia, dietary phosphorous, the major vitamin D metabolites and aluminum on osteomalacia in rats /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487683049377739.
Full textNäsström, Birgit. "Lipoprotein lipase in hemodialysis patients and healthy controls : effects of heparin." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Medicin, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-340.
Full textAlmeida, Breno Fernando Martins de [UNESP]. "Estresse oxidativo na leishmaniose visceral canina." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/121938.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidant defenses. Considering that dogs with leishmaniasis may develop uremia, which affects the oxidative metabolism and apoptosis of neutrophils, we proposed to investigate the hypothesis that oxidative stress, alteration of oxidative metabolism and apoptosis of neutrophils in dogs varies according to stage of leishmaniasis and that uremia, commonly occurs in late stages of disease, would contribute to such variations. To this, we evaluated plasma markers of oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, uric acid, bilirubin and albumin), superoxide production (method of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and flow cytometry with the probe hydroethidine), and viability and apoptosis rate (morphological method and flow cytometry using annexin V-PE system) on neutrophils from dogs with leishmaniasis classified according to the LeishVet Consensus in moderate stage of the disease, very severe stage when uremia is installed and dogs with uremia negative for leishmaniasis, comparing them to healthy dogs. Leishmaniasis regardless of stage and uremia cause oxidative stress with reduced total antioxidant capacity, which may be related to greater induced production of superoxide and stimulated apoptosis observed in these groups. While spontaneously, neutrophils of dogs in very severe stage and with uremia had lower viability, increased apoptosis and higher lipid peroxidation, suggesting that uremia is the cause of such changes. Can be concluded that the intensity of oxidative stress does not vary with the stage of leishmaniasis, however uremic condition contributes to reduce the viability of neutrophils in late-stage dogs. Changes of neutrophil oxidative metabolism occur concomitant with oxidative stress and increased neutrophil apoptosis in both leishmaniasis and in uremia alone
FAPESP: 2011/14083-0
Bosco, Anelise Maria [UNESP]. "Avaliação in vitro do P-cresol sobre o metabolismo oxidativo e apoptose dos neutrófilos de cães." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/128009.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
In humans, the immunosuppression observed in uremic patients is associated with the neutrophil dysfunction caused by uremic toxins. P-cresol accumulates in the blood of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) promoting the inhibition of neutrophil oxidative metabolism. This study aimed to measure the plasma concentrations of p-cresol in dogs with CRF and test the hypothesis that free p-cresol causes neutrophil dysfunction. To this end, plasma concentration of p-cresol was determined using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in dogs presenting stage IV of CRF. The in vitro specific effect of p-cresol on the oxidative metabolism and apoptosis rate of neutrophils from healthy dogs was also evaluated, considering the highest plasma concentration of this toxin observed on the in vivo measurement of dogs with CRF. Isolated neutrophils from 20 healthy dogs were incubated in RPMI medium alone, supplemented with p-cresol or plasma from dogs with CRF. Neutrophil oxidative metabolism was assessed by capillary flow cytometry using the probes hydroethidine and 2',7'- dichlorofluorescein diacetate with or without stimulus with phorbol myristate acetate and N-formyl-methionyl-leucylphenylalanine. Apoptosis and viability of neutrophils were quantified also in capillary flow cytometry using Annexin V-PE system with or without stimulus with camptothecin. Dogs with CRF presented oxidative stress and increased plasma levels of p-cresol, the higher concentration of p-cresol caused in vitro neutrophil dysfunction. It can be concluded that p-cresol may be involved with in vivo oxidative stress that its higher concentration decreases the viability and lead to a reduced production of reactive oxygen species
Almeida, Breno Fernando Martins de. "Estresse oxidativo na leishmaniose visceral canina /." Araçatuba, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/121938.
Full textAbstract:Oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidant defenses. Considering that dogs with leishmaniasis may develop uremia, which affects the oxidative metabolism and apoptosis of neutrophils, we proposed to investigate the hypothesis that oxidative stress, alteration of oxidative metabolism and apoptosis of neutrophils in dogs varies according to stage of leishmaniasis and that uremia, commonly occurs in late stages of disease, would contribute to such variations. To this, we evaluated plasma markers of oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, uric acid, bilirubin and albumin), superoxide production (method of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and flow cytometry with the probe hydroethidine), and viability and apoptosis rate (morphological method and flow cytometry using annexin V-PE system) on neutrophils from dogs with leishmaniasis classified according to the LeishVet Consensus in moderate stage of the disease, very severe stage when uremia is installed and dogs with uremia negative for leishmaniasis, comparing them to healthy dogs. Leishmaniasis regardless of stage and uremia cause oxidative stress with reduced total antioxidant capacity, which may be related to greater induced production of superoxide and stimulated apoptosis observed in these groups. While spontaneously, neutrophils of dogs in very severe stage and with uremia had lower viability, increased apoptosis and higher lipid peroxidation, suggesting that uremia is the cause of such changes. Can be concluded that the intensity of oxidative stress does not vary with the stage of leishmaniasis, however uremic condition contributes to reduce the viability of neutrophils in late-stage dogs. Changes of neutrophil oxidative metabolism occur concomitant with oxidative stress and increased neutrophil apoptosis in both leishmaniasis and in uremia alone
Orientador: Paulo César Ciarlini
Banca: Mirela Tinucci Costa
Banca: Mary Marcondes
Mestre
Bosco, Anelise Maria. "Avaliação in vitro do P-cresol sobre o metabolismo oxidativo e apoptose dos neutrófilos de cães /." Araçatuba, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/128009.
Full textAbstract:In humans, the immunosuppression observed in uremic patients is associated with the neutrophil dysfunction caused by uremic toxins. P-cresol accumulates in the blood of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) promoting the inhibition of neutrophil oxidative metabolism. This study aimed to measure the plasma concentrations of p-cresol in dogs with CRF and test the hypothesis that free p-cresol causes neutrophil dysfunction. To this end, plasma concentration of p-cresol was determined using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in dogs presenting stage IV of CRF. The in vitro specific effect of p-cresol on the oxidative metabolism and apoptosis rate of neutrophils from healthy dogs was also evaluated, considering the highest plasma concentration of this toxin observed on the in vivo measurement of dogs with CRF. Isolated neutrophils from 20 healthy dogs were incubated in RPMI medium alone, supplemented with p-cresol or plasma from dogs with CRF. Neutrophil oxidative metabolism was assessed by capillary flow cytometry using the probes hydroethidine and 2',7'- dichlorofluorescein diacetate with or without stimulus with phorbol myristate acetate and N-formyl-methionyl-leucylphenylalanine. Apoptosis and viability of neutrophils were quantified also in capillary flow cytometry using Annexin V-PE system with or without stimulus with camptothecin. Dogs with CRF presented oxidative stress and increased plasma levels of p-cresol, the higher concentration of p-cresol caused in vitro neutrophil dysfunction. It can be concluded that p-cresol may be involved with in vivo oxidative stress that its higher concentration decreases the viability and lead to a reduced production of reactive oxygen species
Orientador:Paulo Cesar Ciarlini
Banca:Wagner Luis Ferreira
Banca:Alvaro José dos Santos Neto
Mestre
Hung, James. "Estudo do perfil de coagulação em pacientes oncológicos com injúria renal aguda." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-07052015-165358/.
Full textIntroduction: Patients with cancer often have coagulation disorders, which may manifest clinically as thrombosis or simple changes in hemostasis tests. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequent in cancer patients and may occur as a consequence of the cancer itself or due to the treatment or sepsis secondary to immunosuppression caused by chemotherapy. AKI is found in up to 67% of ICU (Intensive Care Unit) patients, associated with high mortality, and resulting in increased cost and stay in the hospital. Bleeding caused by uremia is a complication that can occur in patients with renal failure. The effect of the interaction between AKI and coagulation in cancer patients has not been yet elucidated. Objectives: To analyse the coagulation profile in cancer patients with severe sepsis or septic shock and evaluate the effect of AKI in the coagulation profile. Inclusion criteria: patients older than 18 years old with solid or hematological tumors admitted to the ICU, diagnosed with severe sepsis or septic shock. Exclusion criteria: patients with chronic renal failure undergoing regular dialysis program and patients with previous coagulopathy or family history of coagulopathy. Methods: We studied patients admitted to the ICU between August 2012 and January 2014. The collection of blood samples was performed at the time of ICU admission and at the time of AKI, according to the AKIN criteria. The coagulation profile included: PT, aPTT, D-dimer, fibrinogen, factor VIII, platelet adhesion and aggregation, thromboelastography and evaluation of thrombin generation. Clinical and epidemiological data were obtained from medical records. Results: A total of 144 patients was included in the final analysis. The following characteristics were similar between groups: age, BMI, gender, and comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Conventional coagulation tests results (PT, TT, aPTT) were altered in the group with AKI. However, analysis of coagulation by thromboelastography showed no difference between groups with AKI compared with the group without AKI. Platelet function analysis by Impact-R® revealed that uremia has not worsened platelet adhesion and aggregation. It was observed that there was less thrombin generation and higher D-dimer level in the AKIN3 group. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the need for mechanical ventilation, higher level of C-reactive protein, and AKI were associated with higher mortality. Higher thrombin generation was associated with lower mortality. Conclusions: AKI in critically ill cancer patients with sepsis or septic shock is associated with abnormalities of conventional coagulation tests (PT, TT, aPTT) due to some coagulation factors deficiency. However, thromboelastography which analyzes the global hemostasis presented a normal result, probably due to platelet function hyperactivation. Furthermore, the accumulation of uremic toxins due to acute kidney injury did not worsen platelet function in cancer patients
Batista, Daniella Guimarães. "Reposição elevada de paratormônio ameniza o efeito osteopênico do fósforo no tecido ósseo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-17042007-092417/.
Full textChronic kidney disease (CKD) involves disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, reduced vitamin D production and increased parathormone (PTH) secretion. Renal osteodistrophy (RO) is a term used to define bone disease complications of patients with CKD, and is classified in high turnover disease represented by osteitis fibrosa (OF) and mixed bone disease; and low turnover disease represented by osteomalacia (OM) and adynamic bone disease (ABD). It is already known that patients with CKD have high incidence of bone fractures, and it has been demonstrated that hyperphosphatemia results in to decreased trabecular bone volume (BV/TV). We evaluated the effect of phosphorus (P) in rats? bone tissue submitted to experimental uremia that received continuous infusion of 1-34 rat PTH in physiologic or five times the normal values. Fifty five Wistar rats were submitted to parathyroidectomy (PTX), nephrectomy (Nx) and received PTH in different concentrations or some were PTX and NX controls (Sham) that received only vehicle. Rats received identical diets, excepted for the P content which was different according to the group [Low P (LP): 0,2% and high P (HP): 1,2%]. Groups were divided as follow: Sham (N=8), Sham LP (N=8), Sham-HP (N=7), NxPTHn-LP (N=8), NxPTHn-HP (N=8), NxPTHh-LP (N=9), NxPTHh-HP (N=7). After two months, animals were sacrificed and biochemical and bone histomorphometry were performed. Rats who received high P diet developed hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. PTH replacement was effective and in accordance with infusion concentration. Bone histomorphometric analysis showed that HP rats presented low trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) independently of the uremia. BV/TV decreased slightly in the group where PTH continuous infusion was five times the physiologic values. Our results demonstrated that P has a deleterious action on bone tissue and in uremia it is necessary high levels of PTH to maintain bone integrity.
Näsström, Birgit. "Lipoprotein lipase in hemodialysis patients and healthy controls : effects of heparin /." Umeå : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-340.
Full textCavagnolli, Gabriela. "A1C no diagnóstico do diabetes mellitus : fatores que afetam sua interpretação e sua relação com a doença renal." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115004.
Full textLopes, Rita de Cássia Stampini Oliveira. "Efeito do consumo de sorgo extrusado (Sorghum bicolor L.) associado ao probiótico (Bifidobacterium longum) no controle metabólico, inflamatório e de toxinas urêmicas em indivíduos em hemodiálise." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2018. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/21197.
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A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) vem se tornando um grande problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo. Por isso, torna-se necessário investigar novos tipos de alimentos como coadjuvantes no controle metabólico e na redução do risco de comorbidades em portadores de DRC em tratamento hemodialítico. Desse modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito do consumo de sorgo extrusado (Sorghum bicolor L.) associado ao probiótico (Bifidobacterium longum) no controle metabólico, inflamatório e de toxinas urêmicas em indivíduos em hemodiálise. Tratou-se de um ensaio clínico controlado, randomizado, simples cego com duração de sete semanas, que foi realizado no setor de nefrologia de um hospital público. Os voluntários, 58 indivíduos com DRC em hemodiálise, foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos: o grupo simbiótico (GS) que recebeu a 100 mL do leite probiótico não fermentado com a cepa Bifidobacterium longum e 40 g de flocos de sorgo extrusado; e o grupo controle (GC) que recebeu 100 mL de leite pasteurizado e 40 g de flocos de milho extrusado. Antes da intervenção os participantes foram caracterizados quanto aos aspectos socio-demográficos e clínicos por meio de prontuários médicos e entrevistas e, avaliados em relação peso, altura e IMC. Os cereais extrusados foram caracterizados quanto a composição centesimal, mineral, de compostos bioativos, como taninos condensados, compostos fenólicos totais, flavonoides e a capacidade antioxidante. Durante a intervenção foi avaliado a viabilidade das células no leite com probiótico. As amostras de marcadores metabólicos, sanguíneas e fecais foram coletadas ao ínicio e ao final da intervenção. As amostras de sangue foram centrifugadas, as de fezes foram divididas em alíquotas e ambas foram imediatamente armazenadas a -80 ° C. A partir do soro sanguíneo foram avaliados os marcadores séricos inflamatórios (IL-6, IL-10, TNFα e proteína C-reativa), de estresse oxidativo (capacidade antioxidante total, superóxido dismutase e malondialdeído) e urêmicos (indoxil sulfato, p-cresyl sulfato). Nas amostras fecais foi feito a determinação do pH e da concentração de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta. O sorgo extrusado apresentou maior percentual de carboidratos (aproximadamente 71%), seguido de proteína (aproximadamente 11%) e lipídios (aproximadamente 0,4%). Quando comparado ao milho extrusado, o sorgo apresentou maior porcentagem de fibra alimentar (p <0,05) e maior conteúdo de compostos fenólicos e taninos, consequentemente maior atividade antioxidante (p <0,05). O número de células viáveis de Bifidobacterium longum BL-G301 no leite foi de 9.06 x 10 8 ± 5.4 x 10 8 CFU/100 mL. O consumo do sorgo extrusado associado ao leite probiótico por pacientes em hemodiálise diminuiu os níveis séricos de uréia, p-cresil sulfato, indoxil sulfato, proteína C reativa e malondialdeído (p <0,05), apresentou maior adequação dos valores de albumina sérica (82.8%; n = 24) (p<0.05) e aumentou a capacidade antioxidante total e a superóxido dismutase (p <0,05) quando comparado ao grupo controle. Além disso, nas amostras fecais, os indivíduos do GS apresentaram pH menor em relação ao GC (p <0,05). Apesar da concentração de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, não ter apresentado diferença significativa entre os grupos após a intervenção (p> 0,05), a comparação intragrupo mostrou que os indivíduos do GS apresentaram maior concentração de ácidos acético, butírico e propiônico no final da intervenção (p <0,05), enquanto o GC apresentou maior concentração de ácido acético e propiônico (p <0,05). Assim, conclui-se que o sorgo extrusado do cultivar BRS 305 apresentarou maior conteúdo de fibra alimentar, compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante quando comparado com o milho extrusado. As características químicas do sorgo extrusado permitiu a sua inclusão na alimentação dos indivíduos com DRC. Além disso, a ingestão do sorgo extrusado associado ao leite probiótico com Bifidobacterium longum BL-G301 melhorou a inflamação, o estresse oxidativo e os marcadores urêmicos em indivíduos com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major public health problem worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate new types of foods as a coadjuvant in metabolic control and in reducing the risk of comorbidities in individuals with CKD undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the intake of extruded sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) associated with probiotic (Bifidobacterium longum) on metabolic, inflammatory and uremic toxin control in HD subjects. This was a randomized, controlled, single-blind, seven-week clinical trial conducted in the nephrology sector of a public hospital. The volunteers, 58 subjects with CKD on hemodialysis, were randomly divided into two groups: the symbiotic group (SG), which received 100 mL of unfermented probiotic milk with Bifidobacterium longum strain and 40 g of extruded sorghum; and the control group (CG) which received 100 mL of pasteurized milk and 40 g of extruded corn. Before the intervention, the participants were characterized in terms of socio-demographic and clinical aspects through medical records and interviews and evaluated in relation to weight, height and BMI. The extruded cereals were characterized as the mineral, centesimal composition of bioactive compounds, such as condensed tannins, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity. During the intervention, the viability of the cells in the probiotic milk was evaluated. Metabolic markers, blood and fecal samples were collected. at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. Blood samples were centrifuged, stool samples were divided into aliquots and both were immediately stored at -80 ° C. Inflammatory serum markers (IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα), oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde), and uremic (indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate) were evaluated from blood serum. pH and the concentration of short chain fatty acids were evaluated in fecal samples. Extruded sorghum presented higher carbohydrate concentration (approximately 71%), followed by protein (approximately 11%) and lipid (approximately 0.4%). When compared to the extruded corn, it presented a higher (p<0.05) percentage of dietary fiber, and higher (p<0.05) content of phenolic compounds and tannin, consequently higher antioxidant activity. The number of viable Bifidobacterium longum BL-G301 cells in milk was 9.06 x 10 8 ± 5.4 x 10 8 CFU/100 mL. Extruded sorghum associated with unfermented probiotic milk decreased (p<0.05) the C- reactive protein, malondialdehyde, p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate and urea serum levels, with a higher adequacy of serum albumin values (82.8%; p<0.05) and increased total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase (p <0.05) when compared to the control group. In addition, in the fecal samples, GS individuals presented lower pH levels in comparison with GC group (p <0.05). Although of the concentration of organic acids presented no significant difference between the groups after the intervention (p> 0.05), the intragroup comparison showed that GS individuals showed a higher concentration of acetic, butyric and propionic acids at the endpoint (p <0.05), while the GC presented higher concentration of acetic and propionic acids (p <0.05). Thus, it is concluded that the extruded sorghum of the BRS 305 cultivar presented higher dietary fiber content, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity when compared to the extruded corn. The chemical characteristics of extruded sorghum allowed its inclusion in the diet of individuals with CKD. In addition, the ingestion of extruded sorghum associated with probiotic milk with Bifidobacterium longum BL-G301 improved inflammation, oxidative stress and uremic markers in subjects with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis.
Torremadé, Pascual Noèlia. "Efecte de la urèmia en el metabolisme de la vitamina D: implicacions en la calcificació vascular." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/131162.
Full textLa calcificación vascular es una complicación de la enfermedad renal crónica y una de las principales causas del aumento en la morbilidad y mortalidad en los pacientes. Estos pacientes presentan una disminución en los niveles de vitamina D (1,25(OH)2D3) y desarrollan hiperparatiroidismo secundario. Por esta razón, los pacientes con ERC son tratados con calcitriol u otros análogos. También se utiliza la 25-hidroxivitamina D, pero sin ningún conocimiento de su eficacia y toxicidad. Las recomendaciones actuales sugieren que se complemente con 25D para alcanzar un cierto umbral que pueda afectar las acciones clásicas y no clásicas de la vitamina D. Sin embargo, el impacto directo en la homeostasis del calcio (sin convertirlo en calcitriol) no se conoce. En el presente estudio, se determinó el efecto de la uremia en la regulación de genes del metabolismo de la vitamina D y el papel de la síntesis local del calcitriol en la uremia y su efecto sobre la calcificación vascular utilizando ratones KO para la 1αhidroxilasa. También, se estudió la eficacia y la seguridad del tratamiento con 25D en el metabolismo mineral en ratones que carecen de la 1αhidroxilasa con una reducción del 75% de la masa renal y el efecto en ratones WT de la dosis efectiva para reducir los niveles de PTH en ratones KO. Los primeros resultados en ratas demuestran que en la uremia se desregula la expresión de las proteínas implicadas en el metabolismo de la vitamina D en las células musculares lisas vasculares (CMLV), aumentando la expresión de la 1αhidroxilasa. Esta regulación es específica del tejido y es diferente de la del riñón. Los ratones wild type con un modelo de ERC tratados con dosis elevadas de calcitriol (400ng/Kg) muestran una pérdida significativa de peso, mientras que los 1αKO no pierden peso. Los niveles séricos de calcio, fósforo, BUN y 1,25D suben y son similares en los dos grupos. Por otro lado, los niveles de PTH caen por debajo de los valores normales en ambos grupos. La calcificación vascular aumenta significativamente en los ratones WT en comparación con los 1αKO. Resultados similares fueron observados con la tinción rojo de alizarina y la immunohistoquímica de Runx2, aumentando sólo en los ratones WT. In vitro, las CMLV WT tratadas con suero urémico también muestran un aumento significativo de la calcificación y de la expresión de runx2, que no se observa en las células 1αKO. Cuando las CMLV de rata sobrexpresan la 1αhidroxilasa calcifican más en comparación con las células control. Estos resultados indican que la 1αhidroxilasa actuaria como mediador de la calcificación vascular en la uremia incrementando la síntesis local de la 1,25(OH)2D3. Hecho que es de especial interés en los pacientes con enfermedad renal tratados con 25OHD3. Para estudiar el efecto de la 25D, se realizó un estudio de dosis-respuesta con ratones 1αKO nefrectomizados y tratados con 25, 50 y 100 ng/g de 25(OH)D3 y se compararon con una sola dosis de 1,25(OH)2D3 (50pg/g). La administración de 25(OH)D3 puede normalizar el Ca, P y PTH en suero con una potencia similar a la del 1,25D en un modelo de ratón 1αKO con ERC. Confirmando un efecto directo y activador de la 25D sobre el VDR. La 25D también puede activar el VDR para imitar la 1,25D en la regulación de genes y proteínas que median el transporte transcelular de calcio en el riñón (Calbindin-D28k, TRPV5, PMCA1b) y en el duodeno (Calbindin D9k y TRPV6, PMCA1b) en ratones 1αKO nefrectomizados. Las dosis de 25D necesarias para imitar la 1,25D en la corrección de las alteraciones en el transporte de calcio transcelular a nivel renal i duodenal producen un aumento en los niveles de 25D en el suero por encima de los niveles recomendados en pacientes con ERC. Además, esta dosis causa calcificación vascular en ratones WT. También hemos observado que la 25D es capaz de activar la 24hidroxilasa i el VDR en las CMLV, mostrando la capacidad de la 25D de activar de forma directa el VDR en la arteria. En conclusión, estos resultados sugieren que la producción local de calcitriol por la 1αhidroxilasa en la arteria mediaría la calcificación vascular observada en la uremia. Además los tratamientos con 25D en pacientes con ERC deben hacerse de forma muy controlada
Vascular calcification is a complication of chronic kidney disease and one of the main predictors of increased morbidity and mortality in patients. These patients present a decrease in vitamin D levels (1,25(OH)2D3) leading to secondary hyperparathyroidism. For these reasons CKD patients are usually treated with calcitriol or other analogues. 25-hydroxyvitaminD is also used without any knowledge of its efficacy and toxicity. Current recommendations are to supplement with 25D to achieve a certain threshold that could affect both, classical and nonclassical actions of vitamin D in the body. However, its direct effect on calcium homeostasis (without conversion in calcitriol) is not fully understood. In the present work, we determined the effect of uremia in the regulation of vitamin D metabolism genes, and the role of the local synthesis of calcitriol on uremia-induced vascular calcification using 1αhidroxilaseKO mice. Also, we studied the efficacy and safety of 25D treatment on mineral metabolism in a model of 75% nephron mass reduction in mice lacking 1αhidroxilase and the effect in WT mice of the dose found to be effective reducing PTH levels in KO mice. Initial results in rats show that uremia deregulates proteins involved in vitamin D metabolism in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), increasing the expression of 1αhydroxylase. This regulation is tissue specific and is different from the one in the kidney. Wild type mice with a CKD model treated with high daily doses of calcitriol (400ng/Kg) for two weeks show a significant weight loss, while 1αKO do not lose weight. Serum calcium levels, phosphorus, BUN, and 1,25D increase and are similar in both calcitriol-treated groups. Furthermore, PTH levels decrease in both groups below normal values. Vascular calcium content significantly increased in the WT mice compared to 1αKO mice. Similar results are observed with alizarin red staining and immunohistochemical detection of Runx2, which increase only in WT mice. In vitro, WT VSMC treated with uremic serum also show a significant increase in calcification and runx2 expression that is not observed in 1αKO cells. When VSMC from rat overexpressed 1αhydroxyalse also calcify more compared with the control cells. These results show that 1αhidroxilase acts as a mediatior of vascular calcificaton in uremia, increasing local synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3. This fact is important in patients with renal disease treated with 25OHD3. To study the effect of 25D, a dose response study was carried out in 1αKO nephrectomized using 25, 50 and 100 ng/g of 25(OH)D3 to compare with a single dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 (50pg/g). 25(OH)D3 administration can normalize serum Ca, P, and PTH with a potency similar to that of 1,25D in the 1αKO mouse model of CKD, confirming a direct binding and activation of the VDR by 25D. Also, 25D can activate the VDR to mimic 1,25D in the up-regulation of genes and proteins mediating transcellular calcium transport in the kidney (TRPV5, Calbindin-D28k, PMCA1b) and in the duodenum (TRPV6, Calbindin-D9k, and PMCA1b) in the nephrectomized 1αKO. The doses of 25D required to mimic 1,25D in correcting the abnormalities in renal and duodenal transcellular calcium transport cause elevation in serum 25D levels far beyond the recommended levels in CKD patients. Furthermore this dose causes vascular calcification in WT mice. Also, we observed that 25D is able to activate 24hydroxylase and VDR in VSMC, showing the capacity of 25D to direct activate VDR in the artery. In conclusion, all these results suggest that local production of calcitriol by 1αhydroxylase in the artery may mediate vascular calcification observed in uremia. Furthermore, 25D treatments in patients with CKD should be done in a very controlled manner.
Bezerra, Aline Junqueira. "Análise retrospectiva de fatores envolvidos na progressão da doença renal em pacientes atendidos no Ambulatório de Uremia do HCFMRP-USP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17138/tde-03122013-095721/.
Full textIntroduction: The profile of morbidity and mortality in Brazil has undergone a demographic transition, with increasing prevalence of chronic diseases in the general population, such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (H), and as a consequence the chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the last decade the CKD has been presented as a major challenge for public health in Brazil and worldwide. Objective: This study aims was to identify the factors involved in the progression of renal disease of patients attending in the Outpatient Uremia of the HCFMRP-USP. Material and methods: This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional and retrospective analysis of medical records of patients of Outpatient Uremia in the period between 2002 and 2012. The data were extracted of medical records for quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results: The analysis showed that 53% of subjects were male, with a mean age of 61.21 years. Mortality was higher among the elderly, who also presented shorter time of outpatient follow-up. The main underlying disease was H (42.94%) and the mean time of follow-up was 11.23 months. The referral for hemodialysis (44.48%) was the clinical outcome more common. The main factors related to the progression of CKD were low serum albumin, low value of creatinine clearance, high blood pressure levels and high serum levels of total cholesterol. Discussion: The CKD has been progressively increasing in the population, especially among the elderly, where the mortality rate is higher and they have less time of follow-up. The most common causes of underlying disease were H and DM and several factors were involved in the progression of kidney disease. Those individuals who had DM like underlying disease evolved faster than the others to dialysis. Conclusion: Low serum levels of albumin, low value of creatinine clearance, high blood pressure levels and high serum levels of total cholesterol are factors involved in the progression of renal disease, and are modifiable factors that through multidisciplinary interventions during conservative treatment can slow the progression of CKD to dialysis.
Silva, Filipe Miranda de Oliveira. "Análise do efeito do Tamoxifeno e da BMP-7 em modelo experimental de fibrose peritoneal em ratos com doença renal crônica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-24112015-084533/.
Full textPeritoneal dialysis is an important therapeutic option for patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, at medium and long term, morphological and functional changes related to various factors such as bioincompatibility of dialysis solutions and peritoneal infections, among others, establish an inflammatory and fibrotic process in the peritoneal membrane, leading to a loss of dialysis efficiency. The uremic state of these patients aggravates this situation because it intensifies inflammation of the peritoneal membrane. Therapeutic strategies that slow the process of fibrosis of the peritoneal membrane of patients with CKD on dialysis are extremely important. In this context, the present study aimed to establish a model of peritoneal fibrosis associated with CKD with uremia, that mimics the clinical situation, and analyze the effect of two antifibrotic molecules, tamoxifen (TAM) and the BMP7 (bone morphogenic protein-7), in the proposed model. CKD with uremia was induced in male Wistar rats by adenine in the diet during a period of 30 days. After 15 days, with the state of uremia already established, animals received intraperitoneal injections of chlorhexidine gluconate, for the induction of peritoneal fibrosis (PF). Treatment with TAM (10mg/Kg/day by gavage) and BMP7 (30ug/Kg, intraperitoneal injections every 3 days) were initiated along with the induction of peritoneal fibrosis. Six groups were induced: CONTROL, normal animals; CKD, animals with chronic kidney disease; PF, animals with peritoneal fibrosis; CKD / PF, animals with CKD and PF mimicking the clinical situation; CKD / PF + TAM, animals with CKD and PF treated with tamoxifen; and CKD / PF + BMP7, animals with CKD and PF treated with BMP7. During 30 days of the follow-up study, weight, blood pressure, serum urea and creatinine of the animals were verified. At the end of this period, the animals were sacrificed and the peritoneum was removed and subjected to the following analysis: a) histology, to assess the degree of thickening (Masson\'s Trichrome); b) immunohistochemistry, to locate and quantify the presence of inflammatory cells (macrophages, T lymphocytes), myofibroblasts (alfa-smoth muscle actin) and cell proliferation activity (PCNA); c) analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alfa, IL-1beta and IL-6) both in peritoneal tissue mRNA level through real time PCR as well as on protein level by multiplex; d) real-time PCR to determine the expression of extracellular matrix components (collagen III and fibronectin) and fibrogenic factors (TGF-beta and FSP-1). Furthermore, in order to study the possible signaling pathway associated to peritoneal fibrosis, the expression of SMAD 3 and SMAD 7 in the peritoneum was analyzed via real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated SMAD 3. Finally, the peritoneal function was assessed by ultrafiltration and mass transferred glucose test (MTG). Data from weight gain showed that while animals from CONTROL and PF groups had significant weight gain (28% and 18% respectively) compared to the first day of protocol, the animals of other groups lost weight significantly, on average, 26% compared to the first day. All animals that received diet rich in adenine developed CKD presented by hypertension, detected on days 15 and 30 of the study (average of 173mmHg and 172mmHg respectively). Confirming the establishment of CKD with uremia, the animals that received diet rich in adenine showed serum urea (average 170 mg/dL on day 15 and 286 mg/dL on day 30) and creatinine (average of 0.97 mg/dL on day 15 and 1.82 mg/dL on day 30) significantly higher in the 15th and 30th days. Treatments with TAM and BMP7 did not influence these parameters. The peritoneal membrane analysis of PF and CKD/PF experimental groups showed a significant thickening of the peritoneal membrane (130 ± 33?m and 132 ± 26?m, respectively; p < 0.001 vs 36 ± 2um and 27 ± 6?m in CONTROL and CKD; p < 0.001) with presence of inflammatory cells. The treatments with TAM and BMP7 were effective in protecting the membrane against the thickening (42 ± 2um and 53±7um, respectively; p < 0.001 vs CKD/PF) and inflammatory infiltrate. Furthermore, with regard to myofibroblasts, effectors cells in the fibrogenesis process detected by alfa-SMA presence, it was found a signicantly expression in the peritoneum of PF and CKD/PF (p < 0.01 vs CONTROLE), and the treatment with TAM and BMP7 significantly protected against the presence of myofibroblasts confirmed by the significantly expression of PCNA. With regard to the detection of pro-inflammatory cytokines, analysis by real-time PCR in the animals of CKD group showed a significant increase in TNF-alfa expression in the peritoneum and IL-1beta compared to the CONTROL group. The expression of these cytokines was also increased in the peritoneum of the CKD/PF group. The treatment with TAM and BMP7 significantly reduced TNF-alfa and IL-1beta expression compared to CKD/PF group (p < 0.01).The repercussion of these results can be observed with the multiplex test in which the presence of these cytokines in its protein form were found in significant quantities in the peritoneum of the animals with uremia associated with PF compared to CONTROL group. The treatment with TAM and BMP7 significantly reduced the presence of these cytokines (p < 0.01 vs CKD/PF). As expected, the mRNA expression of extracellular matrix components was significantly elevated in the PF group and CKD/PF compared to the control group. Indeed, collagen III mRNA expression was higher in PF and CKD/PF group (3.4 ± 1 and 10.3 ± 2.4 UI, respectively; p < 0.01 vs CONTROL) as well as fibronectin (6.5 ± 0.8 and 29.2 ± 1 UI; respectively; p < 0.01 vs CONTROL). The animals treated with TAM and BMP7 significantly blocked the expression of collagen III (1.5 ± 0.9 and 0.2 ± 0.1 UI, respectively; p < 0.01 vs CKD/PF) and fibronectin (6.6±1.2 and 9.7±0.5 UI, respectively; p < 0.01 vs CKD/PF). Further, while in the PF and CKD/PF groups the expression of TGF-beta (13.2 ± 0.9 UI and 30.3 ± 0.1 UI, respectively; p < 0.01) was significantly higher compared to the CONTROL group, TAM and BMP7 decreased the expression of TGF-beta (17.7 ± 0.2 UI and 16.2 ± 0.1UI, respectively; p < 0.01 vs CKD/PF). A similar trend was found with the expression of FSP-1 mRNA with an increase in expression of this gene in PF and CKD/PF groups (p < 0.01 vs CONTROL), with significant blockage in the animals treated with TAM and BMP7 (p < 0.01 vs CKD/PF). Regarding the analysis of signaling pathways possibly involved in the process, SMAD 3 expression was significantly higher in PF and CKD/PF groups (3.7 ± 0.3 UI and 4.6 ± 0.3 UI, respectively) compared to groups CONTROL and CKD (1 ± 0.2 UI and 1.3 ± 0.6 UI, respectively; p < 0,01). Treatments with TAM and BMP7 decreased the expression of SMAD 3 in the peritoneum (1.1 ± 0.6 UI and 1.1 ± 0.7 UI, respectively; p < 0.01 vs CKD/PF). Yet TAM and BMP7 significantly increased the expression of SMAD 7 (2.8 ± 0.5 and 3.7 ± 0.5, respectively; p < 0.01 vs CKD/PF), a regulatory TGF-beta protein capable of blocking the expression of pro-fibrotic and inflammatory factors. Finally, the treated groups had the function of the peritoneum preserved when compared to the PF and CKD / PF groups, checked through the maintenance of the ultrafiltration capacity and reducing MTG. In summary, the animals treated with TAM and BMP7 had the peritoneum protected from thickening, inflammatory infiltrate, presence of myofibroblasts and cellular proliferation. The treatments were also effective in significantly reduce the expression of pro-fibrotic factors and inflammatory cytokines. Regarding SMADs, treatments with TAM and BMP7 were effective in blocking the expression of SMAD 3 and increase SMAD 7 expression. The results of this study suggest that tamoxifen and BMP7 protected the peritoneum in an experimental model of peritoneal fibrosis developed in uremic rats with CKD, possibly due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties
Kummu, O. (Outi). "Humoral immune response to carbamyl-epitopes in atherosclerosis." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526205670.
Full textTiivistelmä Proteiinien karbamylaatiota tapahtuu syanaatin vaikutuksesta. Sitä muodostuu urean hajotessa tai myeloperoksidaasin katalysoimana tiosyanaatin hapettuessa. Low-density lipoproteiinin eli LDL:n karbamylaation on esitetty edistävän valtimonkovettumataudin eli ateroskleroosin kehittymistä munuaisten vajaatoimintaa sairastavilla ureemisilla potilailla. Väitöskirjatyössä tutkittiin, onko terveillä ihmisillä ja ureemisilla potilailla karbamyyli-epitooppeja tunnistavia vasta-aineita, ja mikä niiden merkitys on elimistössä. Humoraalista immuunivastetta karbamyyli-LDL-immunisaation jälkeen sekä sen vaikutusta ateroskleroosin kehittymiseen tutkittiin LDL-reseptoripuutteellisilla hiirillä. Tutkimuksessa osoitettiin, että ihmisillä on plasmassa karbamyloituja proteiineja tunnistavia vasta-aineita. IgG-luokan vasta-aineet ovat yhteydessä uremiaan ja tupakointiin, joissa karbamylaatio on lisääntynyt. Karbamyyli- ja hapettuneita epitooppeja tunnistavien plasman IgG- ja IgM-vasta-aineiden välillä havaittiin olevan yhteys. Työssä kloonattiin terveistä ihmisistä monoklonaalisia Fab-vasta-aineita, joilla on luonnollisten vasta-aineiden kaltaisia ominaisuuksia ja kyky sitoutua sekä karbamyyli- että malonidialdehydi-epitooppeihin. Yksi tutkittu Fab-vasta-aine sitoutui valtimonkovettumataudin ateroomissa oleviin epitooppeihin ja esti muuntuneen LDL:n sisäänoton makrofagi-soluihin. Ihmisen plasman vasta-aineet ja monoklonaalinen Fab-vasta-aine sitoutuivat apoptoottisten solujen pinnalla oleviin rakenteisiin. Soluviljelyolosuhteissa ihmisen B-solut tuottivat vasta-aineita, joilla oli samanlaisia ristireaktio-ominaisuuksia karbamyyli- ja malonidialdehydi-epitooppeja sekä apoptoottisia soluja kohtaan. Karbamyyli-LDL-immunisaatio sai aikaan IgG-immuunivasteen hiirillä karbamyyli-LDL:a kohtaan, mutta myös ristireaktio malonidialdehydi-rakenteita sekä apoptoottisia soluja kohtaan havaittiin. Karbamyyli-LDL-immunisaatio ei vaikuttanut ateroskleroosin kehittymiseen hiirillä. Tutkimus osoittaa, että IgG-vasta-aineet karbamyyli-epitooppeja kohtaan voivat olla uudenlainen karbamylaation merkkiaine elimistössä ureemisilla potilailla ja tupakoitsijoilla. Karbamyloituneiden ja hapettuneiden epitooppien sekä apoptoottisten solujen välillä havaituilla vasta-aineiden ristireaktioilla voi olla merkitystä valtimonkovettumataudin etenemiseen munuaisten vajaatoiminnassa
Aniteli, Tatiana Martins. "Efeitos da sobrecarga de fósforo dietético na expressão dos cotransportadores NaP-IIb e PiT-1 em ratos controles e urêmicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-14092015-094150/.
Full textPhosphorus is one of the most abundant minerals in the body besides being essential for many biological processes. Phosphorus homeostasis depends on absorption in the small intestine, renal excretion, bone remodeling and hormones such as parathyroid hormone, calcitriol and FGF-23. In patients with chronic kidney disease phosphorus urinary excretion is compromised leading to hyperphosphatemia, which contributes to increased morbidity and mortality of these patients. Intestinal absorption of phosphorus in the small intestine, particularly of NaP-IIb and PiT-1 cotransporters is poorly studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets with different concentrations of phosphorus in protein expression and gene of NaP-IIb and PiT-1 cotransporters as well as in apoptosis of enterocytes of different segments of intestine in control and uremic animals. We studied seventy-six male Wistar rats initially divided into two groups: controls (C) and uremic (Nx). Each group was subdivided into three others, according to the phosphorus concentration in the diet: Low diet (0.2% P), Standard diet (0.54% P) and High diet (0.9% P). We analyzed biochemical parameters (creatinine, P, iCa, PTH and FGF-23), protein expression of cotransporters, using Western Blot, ELISA, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR and apoptosis of enterocytes using the TUNEL technique. Results showed that serum creatinine, P, PTH and FGF-23 were significantly higher in Nx animals. In C animals with a diet low in P we observed increase in protein expression of NaP-IIb cotransporter in all segments of the intestine while in low Nx expression of this cotransporter was lower only in jejunum. As for PiT-1 expression was lower in the ileum of the high Nx group compared to their respective control. Gene expression of NaP-IIb cotransporter was lower in the jejunum of high Nx and higher in the ileum of the same group as compared to their respective controls. PiT-1 gene expression was higher in all segments of the low Nx group compared to their controls. We detected a direct correlation between the gene expression of NaP-IIb in jejunum and serum phosphorus. Gene expression of PiT-1 correlated with serum phosphorus in the jejunum, and correlated with the serum levels of FGF-23 in the jejunum and duodenum. In the duodenum and jejunum the percentage of apoptotic enterocytes was higher in high Nx animals compared to controls; particularly in the duodenum the percentage of these cells was also higher in low Nx group and standard control. In the jejunum in both low Nx group and standard Nx we observed fewer apoptotic cells than in their respective controls. When we analyze all intestinal segments together the high Nx group had more apoptotic cells than the control, and the opposite was observed in the low Nx group and standard Nx group. In conclusion, diets with different phosphorus concentrations promote changes in protein expression and gene of NaP-IIb and PiT-1 cotransporters in the small intestine that do not follow a uniform pattern. Phosphorus overhead increases the percentage of apoptotic enterocytes in uremic animals
Martin, Rosana dos Santos e. Silva [UNESP]. "Hipertrofia ventricular esquerda e hipertensão arterial em renais crônicos submetidos a tratamento por hemodiálise: influência do nível de escolaridade." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88905.
Full textFundação para o Desenvolvimento Médico e Hospitalar (Famesp)
Diferenças de classe sócio-econômica contribuem substancialmente para as e-sigualdades SOCIaISda mortalidade. Imaginava~se que as doenças cardiovasculares afetavam preferencialmente pessoas bem sucedidas do ponto de vista profissional, bem lltridas e de escolaridade elevada: não é o que os dados epidemiológicos apontam. São diversificadas e abundantes na literatura mundial, bem como na brasileira as evidências de que as doenças cardiovasculares e a mortalidade decorrente dessas doenças sejam mais freqüentes entre as pessoas de menor nível sócio-econômico. A hipertensão arterial, o diabetes, o hábito de fumar, a dislipidemia, a obesidade, o coolismo, os fatores de risco não tradicionais e o estresse psicossocial são mais freqüentes em indivíduos de menor nível sócio·econômico. A massa ventricular esquerda aumentada é preditora da morbidade e mortalidade cardiovascular independentemente da pressão arterial e de outros fatores de risco. A .pertrofia ventricular também é mais freqüente em pessoas de estratos sociais menos :avorecidos. Dentre os marcadores de nível sócio.econômico, a escolaridade é a que melhor se oorrelaciona com a freqüência e intensidade dos fatores de risco cardiovascular. O presente studo faz uma revisão dos estudos que avaliaram as proposições listadas acima.
Socio-economic inequalities can cause mortality inequalities. There were the believe that cardiovascular disease committed rich, educated and well nourished people: it is not the rrue. There are many studies in world-wide and Brazilian literature showing an association tween low socioeconomic leveI and cardiovascular disease and mortality. Arterial hypertension, diabetes, smoke, dyslipidosis, obesity, alcoholism, non~ traditional risk factors and psicossocial stress are more frequent in low socioeconomic leveI. Left ventricular hypertrophy is a predictor of cardiovascular mortality, independent f blood pressure and other risk factors. Left ventricular hypertrophy is more frequent ong poor and low educated people. Among socioeconomic markers, scholarity is the best marker of cardiovascular risk - tors. This paper review the proposallisted above.
Lopez, Priscila Suman [UNESP]. "Relação entre toxicidade urêmica, anemia e perda auditiva neurossensorial em indivíduos com doença renal crônica: um estudo prospectivo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/114038.
Full textIntrodução: Portadores da doença renal crônica (DRC) têm maior risco de desenvolver perda auditiva neurossensorial (PANS) em relação à população geral, independentemente de idade, sexo, diabetes e hipertensão arterial. Objetivos: Estudar relações entre toxicidade urêmica, anemia, progressão do estádio da DRC e PANS em pacientes com DRC, durante dois momentos: inicial (M1) e após dois anos (M2). Casuística e métodos: Estudo clínico prospectivo, em hospital terciário, com avaliação sanguínea e auditiva em dois momentos (M1 inicial e M2 dois anos depois), esta composta por Audiometria Tonal Limiar (ATL), Emissões Otoacústicas Evocadas Transientes (EOE-t) e Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (PEATE). Foram incluídos 43 pacientes que atenderam aos seguintes critérios de inclusão: ser portador de DRC em quaisquer estádio ou método de tratamento, sendo este realizado na instituição local, ter até 60 anos, comparecer às duas avaliações, apresentar curva timpanométrica “A” nas duas orelhas em ambas as avaliações, não ter deficiência auditiva congênita, síndromes genéticas, deficiência mental, exposição excessiva ao ruído, não ter sido submetido a transplante renal nem ter ingerido antibióticos aminoglicosídeos. Resultados: Predomínio do sexo masculino (58%), raça branca (91%), idade mediana de 53 anos e de DRC de 40 meses. Pacientes hipertensos representaram 65% da amostra em M1 e 67%, em M2, sendo, em M1, o método conservador mais frequente (63%), com estádios da DRC 4 e 5 (37%). Após dois anos, 25% dos pacientes apresentaram progressão do estádio da DRC; a PANS, na ATL, afetou 28% dos pacientes em M1 e 33%, em M2; ausência de EOE-t foi observada em 34% dos pacientes em M1 e, em M2, 45%. PEATE alterado foi observado em 21% dos pacientes em M1 e em 26%, em M2. Ao final do estudo, mudança na classificação da ATL foi observada em 24% dos pacientes ...
Patients in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of developing sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) concerning the general population, independently of age, gender, diabetes and/ or hypertension. Aim: To study the relationship between uremic toxicity, anemia, stage of CKD and SNHL in CKD patients followed for two years. Methods: Prospective clinical study in a tertiary hospital. The blood measures and hearing loss were performed by the audiometry (PTA), evoked otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) tests in two moments (M1 was the baseline and M2 two years later). Forty-three(43) patients were included and they were selected by using these criteria: they suffered from CKD at any stage, they underwent any type of treatment in the local institution, maximum age of 60, tympanometric curve A in both ears and moments, without congenital hearing loss, genetic syndromes, mental disabilities, excessive noise exposure, no administration aminoglycosides and/or renal transplantation. Results: The most patients were male (58%), of white race (91%), median age 53 years, 40 months of CKD and arterial hypertension (65% in M1 and 67% in M2). In M1, the conservative method was more frequent (63%) with stage 4 and 5 CKD (37 %). In the second evaluation 25% of the patients showed worsening of CKD stage. SNHL affected 28% of patients in M1 and 33% in M2, absence of EOE- T was observed in 34 % of patients in M1 and 45% in M2. ABR changes were observed in 21% of patients in M1 and 26 % in M2. Hearing deterioration was observed in 24% of PTA patients, 11% of EOE-T and 16% of ABR. Among the blood markers, high initial levels of beta2- microglobulin and low initial levels hematocrit and hemoglobin were associated with higher risk of abnormal ABR. The stage of CKD was not associated with sensorineural hearing loss
Lopez, Priscila Suman. "Relação entre toxicidade urêmica, anemia e perda auditiva neurossensorial em indivíduos com doença renal crônica : um estudo prospectivo /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/114038.
Full textCoorientador: Luis Cuadrado Martin
Banca: Daniela Ponce
Banca: Victor Nakajima
Banca: Lilian Cássia Bórnia Jacob-Corteletti
Banca: Marina Morettin
Resumo: Introdução: Portadores da doença renal crônica (DRC) têm maior risco de desenvolver perda auditiva neurossensorial (PANS) em relação à população geral, independentemente de idade, sexo, diabetes e hipertensão arterial. Objetivos: Estudar relações entre toxicidade urêmica, anemia, progressão do estádio da DRC e PANS em pacientes com DRC, durante dois momentos: inicial (M1) e após dois anos (M2). Casuística e métodos: Estudo clínico prospectivo, em hospital terciário, com avaliação sanguínea e auditiva em dois momentos (M1 inicial e M2 dois anos depois), esta composta por Audiometria Tonal Limiar (ATL), Emissões Otoacústicas Evocadas Transientes (EOE-t) e Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (PEATE). Foram incluídos 43 pacientes que atenderam aos seguintes critérios de inclusão: ser portador de DRC em quaisquer estádio ou método de tratamento, sendo este realizado na instituição local, ter até 60 anos, comparecer às duas avaliações, apresentar curva timpanométrica "A" nas duas orelhas em ambas as avaliações, não ter deficiência auditiva congênita, síndromes genéticas, deficiência mental, exposição excessiva ao ruído, não ter sido submetido a transplante renal nem ter ingerido antibióticos aminoglicosídeos. Resultados: Predomínio do sexo masculino (58%), raça branca (91%), idade mediana de 53 anos e de DRC de 40 meses. Pacientes hipertensos representaram 65% da amostra em M1 e 67%, em M2, sendo, em M1, o método conservador mais frequente (63%), com estádios da DRC 4 e 5 (37%). Após dois anos, 25% dos pacientes apresentaram progressão do estádio da DRC; a PANS, na ATL, afetou 28% dos pacientes em M1 e 33%, em M2; ausência de EOE-t foi observada em 34% dos pacientes em M1 e, em M2, 45%. PEATE alterado foi observado em 21% dos pacientes em M1 e em 26%, em M2. Ao final do estudo, mudança na classificação da ATL foi observada em 24% dos pacientes ...
Abstract: Patients in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of developing sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) concerning the general population, independently of age, gender, diabetes and/ or hypertension. Aim: To study the relationship between uremic toxicity, anemia, stage of CKD and SNHL in CKD patients followed for two years. Methods: Prospective clinical study in a tertiary hospital. The blood measures and hearing loss were performed by the audiometry (PTA), evoked otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) tests in two moments (M1 was the baseline and M2 two years later). Forty-three(43) patients were included and they were selected by using these criteria: they suffered from CKD at any stage, they underwent any type of treatment in the local institution, maximum age of 60, tympanometric curve "A" in both ears and moments, without congenital hearing loss, genetic syndromes, mental disabilities, excessive noise exposure, no administration aminoglycosides and/or renal transplantation. Results: The most patients were male (58%), of white race (91%), median age 53 years, 40 months of CKD and arterial hypertension (65% in M1 and 67% in M2). In M1, the conservative method was more frequent (63%) with stage 4 and 5 CKD (37 %). In the second evaluation 25% of the patients showed worsening of CKD stage. SNHL affected 28% of patients in M1 and 33% in M2, absence of EOE- T was observed in 34 % of patients in M1 and 45% in M2. ABR changes were observed in 21% of patients in M1 and 26 % in M2. Hearing deterioration was observed in 24% of PTA patients, 11% of EOE-T and 16% of ABR. Among the blood markers, high initial levels of beta2- microglobulin and low initial levels hematocrit and hemoglobin were associated with higher risk of abnormal ABR. The stage of CKD was not associated with sensorineural hearing loss
Doutor
Pizzato, Alessandra Campani. "Efeitos da ingestão protéica na progressão da doença renal e nos parâmetros inflamatório e oxidativo de pacientes com insuficiência renal em fase pré-diálise." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8971.
Full textBackground: Most metabolic disorders presented by patients with chronic renal disease (CRD) are mainly a result of accumulation of products of nitrogen metabolism, present in protein rich foods. High protein diets are associated with hyperperfusion, hypertension and hyperfiltration of the glomeruli and, as a consequence, may accelerate the progression of CRF. Nutritional therapy plays an important role in CRF treatment, consisting mainly in reduction of daily protein intake. Objective: To verify the effect of nutrition therapy intervention on nutritional status, on renal disease progression and on inflammatory and lipid parameters, oxidative status and potassium serum levels in patients with chronic renal insufficiency in the pre dialysis period. Patients and Methods: A crossover controlled prospective, randomized study in outpatients with stage IV CRD was carried out. The study consisted in the follow up of two groups of patients with CRD in the pre dialysis period. By randomization 21 patients were started on a 1g protein/kg/day diet prescription and 20 patients on low protein diet (0.6g/kg/day). After six weeks diets were reversed between the two groups and followed for another six week period. Dietetic, biochemical and anthropometric parameters were assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks. Data were analyzed according to the intention to treat approach in the crossover analysis and by adherence to the low protein diet. ANOVA for repeated measures and Spearman´s correlation tests were used for statistical analysis. The significance level adopted was P < 0.05. Results: 41 patients were evaluated. Only one patient (2.4%) was considered undernourished and 28 patients (68%) presented either over weighted or obese. Seventeen patients (41.5%) were considered inflamed according to the level of C reactive protein (CRP). Low adherence to the low protein diet was observed. Damage on nutritional status was not observed on low protein diet. In non-inflamed patients an improvement on renal function parameters was observed, whereas in the inflamed ones these parameters presented deterioration. Significant negative correlations between HDL-cholesterol serum levels and creatinine, HDL-cholesterol and body mass index (BMI) were observed. Significant positive correlations were observed between total cholesterol and urea, LDL-cholesterol and urea, PNA/kg and HDL, triglycerides and tyrosine, triglycerides and fibrinogen, triglycerides and creatinine, urea and albumin. Conclusions: Patients adhered poorly to low protein diets. Low protein diet did not influence the nutritional status. Presence of inflammation influenced negatively the evolution of renal function. The lipid profile was related to the nutritional status, to the progression factors of CRF and to inflammation. Lipoperoxidation was associated to serum levels of albumin.