Academic literature on the topic 'Urbanisme – Cuba – La Havane (Cuba)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Urbanisme – Cuba – La Havane (Cuba)":
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D’Arc, Hélène Rivière. "La gestion socialiste du territoire à Cuba." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 33, no. 88 (April 12, 2005): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/021996ar.
Abstract:
La planification à Cuba a été pensée, à partir de la fin des années 60, selon une rationalité systémique dont l'intégralité a été considérée ne pouvoir être atteinte qu'une fois le préalable de la collectivisation des moyens de production appliqué à l'échelle nationale. La dispersion de l'habitat rural et l'inquiétude face à la croissance des grandes villes (La Havane surtout) ont constitué cependant les deux données tangibles qui pesaient et continuent de peser sur les organismes d'exécution. À partir de 1975, s'est mise en place une dialectique de centralisation/ décentralisation qui s'institutionnalise. Elle allie le souci d'équilibrer jusqu'à l'extrême le territoire et d'apporter des correctifs aux maux qu'ont provoqués le poids de l'histoire et le déterminisme géographique, mais aussi certaines erreurs issues de la planification et de la gestion sectorielle menées à l'échelle du pays.
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Hartman, Joseph R. "Silent Witnesses:." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 78, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 292–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2019.78.3.292.
Abstract:
In Silent Witnesses: Modernity, Colonialism, and Jean-Claude Nicolas Forestier's Unfinished Plans for Havana, Joseph R. Hartman examines Havana's urbanization under the dictatorship of Gerardo Machado (in power 1925–33), focusing on the largely unrealized plans of French urbanist Forestier and his Franco-Cuban team of architects and planners. Scholars until now have focused on cataloguing the regime's extant monuments, while giving far less attention to Forestier's unbuilt urban works. The Machado regime's building campaign spoke to modern aspirations of Cuban independence and nationhood, but also to enduring colonial paradigms of race, power, and urban space. Interpreting the history of Havana's urbanization requires taking a critical view of Cuba's colonial heritage and the survival into modern times of local and imported colonialist practices. Revisiting this history lends new insights into the cultural stakes of urban restoration efforts ongoing in Havana today.
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Guerra, Abilio. "Roberto Segre, 1934-2013. A Life of Adventure that Ends with a Banal Tragedy." Modern Africa, Tropical Architecture, no. 48 (2013): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/48.a.i0e84o9q.
Abstract:
Born in 1934 in Milan, Roberto Segre migrated to Argentina with his family in 1939, fleeing the anti–Semitism of Benito Mussolini’s fascist government. He graduated as an architect at the University of Buenos Aires in 1960 and soon after, in 1963, settled in La Havana, Cuba, where he taught history of architecture for three decades. In 1994, he began his career as a Brazilian researcher and professor on graduate courses in urban planning at the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), where he served until March 2013. During these decades of professional activity, he came to be respected as a critic and historian, publishing many books and articles of the utmost importance on Latin American architecture.
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Bruce, Amy. "International Contemporaneity and the Third Havana Bienal (1989)." RACAR : Revue d'art canadienne 43, no. 2 (December 14, 2018): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1054380ar.
Abstract:
Cet article se concentre sur la troisième Biennale de La Havane (1989) et analyse la conception de la contemporanéité internationale que propose Reiko Tomii afin de diversifier l’histoire des biennales. La contemporanéité internationale mobilise des pratiques locales pour construire des analyses globales qui développent une compréhension polycentrique de l’histoire mondiale de l’art. De même, l’approche commissariale de cette troisième édition visait à décentrer l’art contemporain, en créant une exposition pour les milieux artistiques marginalisés à un moment de tensions politiques, culturelles et économiques à Cuba, et de crise politique mondiale. La troisième Biennale de La Havane s’opposait aux discours eurocentriques dominants de l’histoire de l’art en préconisant la coexistence des multiples arts contemporains.
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Stefanski, Karolina. "Autour d'une paire de coffrets de Jean-Baptiste Claude Odiot conservés à La Havane, Cuba." Napoleonica La Revue 18, no. 3 (2013): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/napo.133.0136.
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Hébert, Lyse. "Regard transculturel sur l’asservissement des traducteurs : optiques cubaines et canadiennes1." TTR 26, no. 2 (July 25, 2016): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037133ar.
Abstract:
Dans une volonté de contextualiser la position des recherches et chercheurs en traductologie, Daniel Simeoni a soulevé l’importance de conduire des études transculturelles sur l’habitus des traducteurs (Simeoni, 1998, p. 4). Cet article présente tout d’abord un survol des recherches ayant répondu à cet appel puis les résultats d’une enquête menée auprès d’un échantillon transculturel de traducteurs professionnels. Il se fonde sur les travaux du sociologue français Bernard Lahire qui a revisité le concept d’habitus développé par Pierre Bourdieu afin que cette notion tienne compte du fait que « toute personne porte en elle une pluralité de dispositions et traverse une pluralité de contextes sociaux » (Lahire, 2003, p. 342, ma traduction). Partant de la position de Meylaerts (2008, p. 94), pour qui les dispositions intériorisées des traducteurs sont essentiellement « plurielles et dynamiques », l’enquête explore plus particulièrement l’habitus de traducteurs résidant dans les provinces de l’Ontario (Canada) et La Havane (Cuba).
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Lavallé, Bernard. "María Elena OROZCO LAMORE, María Teresa FLEITAS MONNAR, Formation d’une ville caraïbe, Urbanisme et architecture à Santiago de Cuba." Caravelle, no. 99 (December 1, 2012): 284–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/caravelle.489.
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Chapon, Laurine. "L’Église, l’État et la santería. Fabriquer le territoire avec et depuis le fait religieux à Regla, La Havane." Annales de géographie N° 756-757, no. 2 (May 28, 2024): 129–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ag.756.0129.
Abstract:
À Regla, quartier portuaire et périphérique en voie de désindustrialisation de La Havane, le fait religieux est un processus structurant de la fabrique territoriale et un élément identitaire fort pour les habitant.es. Le sacré se matérialise dans l’ensemble des espaces publics et est un facteur de mise en tourisme discret de l’espace. L’objectif de cet article est de montrer, à partir d’une enquête ethnographique longue, comment les pratiques religieuses, afro-cubaines et catholiques, sont des vecteurs de territorialisation à l’échelle du quartier. Le sacré structure le paysage urbain, tant dans les pratiques temporaires et événementielles, comme les pèlerinages (annuels ou quotidiens) que dans le paysage visuel et sonore et à l’échelle domestique et intime des foyers. Les acteurs religieux (chef du cabildo , prêtre de l’église catholique, santeros et babalaos ) jouent un rôle majeur dans la fabrique de la ville ; il est intéressant d’analyser les interactions socio-politiques qui se jouent entre ces derniers et l’État à différentes échelles. Les pratiques afro-cubaines connaissent en effet des processus de patrimonialisation et de culturalisation qui contribuent à leur sécularisation, notamment opérée par l’État. Paradoxalement, ces processus renforcent aussi certaines croyances et pratiques, dans des espaces négociées entre différents acteurs. Questionner la fabrique territoriale au prisme du religieux est d’autant plus intéressant à Cuba qu’il permet de comprendre les interactions complexes qui se jouent, à différentes échelles entre citadins et État.
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Jolivet, Violaine. "CHARDONNENS, Alain (2016) Barack Obama à Cuba. Le rétablissement des relations diplomatiques entre Washington et La Havane. Paris, L’Harmattan, 82 p. ISBN 978-2-34309-648-3." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 62, no. 176 (2018): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1063111ar.
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Estrade, Paul. "Fernando Martínez Heredia, Rebecca J. Scott et Orlando F. García Martínez (coord.), Espacios, silencios y los sentidos de lalibertad. Cuba entre 1878 y 1912, La Havane, Ediciones Unión/UNEAC,«Clio », 2001, 363 p." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 58, no. 2 (April 2003): 537–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900004704.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urbanisme – Cuba – La Havane (Cuba)":
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Mermoud-Plaza, Diego Alejandro. "Approche sensorielle des développements urbains de la Baie de La Havane, entre planification dirigée et facteurs exogènes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA080014.
Abstract:
Planifier le territoire est une activité complexe de par la méconnaissance que l’on a du futur. Les acteurs institutionnels en charges de la planification doivent donc considérer et pondérer une multiplicité de facteurs, internes et externes au territoire. Les arbitrages opérés dépendent de la lecture qui est faite des enjeux et des objectifs à atteindre. La lecture du contexte varie quant à elles en fonction des représentations et des affects qui préexistent au sein des institutions.Ce travail réalisé à Cuba se focalise sur le territoire de la Baie de La Havane. La structure politico-économique cubaine centralisée et sans contre-pouvoir pourrait permettre une cohérence forte entre les décisions prises dans un environnement international contraint et le contexte local de l’aménagement du territoire. Toutefois, force est de constater qu’il peut exister des discordances entre les institutions en charge de la planification. Ces divergences, tant dans la définition de l’idéal à atteindre que des moyens pour y parvenir, peuvent se traduire par des propositions éloignées.Pour comprendre les lectures du territoire faites par les acteurs ainsi que leurs affects, nous avons utilisé une méthodologie classique, enrichie d’images animées à 360° projetées dans un casque de réalité virtuelle, et complétée par la réalisation de cartes mentales. Ainsi, il a été observé que certains espaces génèrent des ségrégations socio-spatiales importantes, tout en étant contre-intuitivement très appréciés par les populations locales. Les résultats obtenus montrent donc des contrastes importants entre ce que nous dit la géographie classique et les affects ressentis par les acteurs interrogésPlanning the territory is a complex exercise due to the lack of knowledge of the future. The institutional actors in charge of planning must therefore consider and weigh a multiplicity of factors, internal and external to the territory. The choices made depend on the interpretation of the issues and the objectives to be achieved. The understanding of the context varies according to the representations and affects that pre-exist within the institutions.This work carried out in Cuba focuses on the territory of Havana Bay. The Cuban politico-economic structure, centralized and without counter-power, could allow a strong coherence between the decisions taken in a constrained international environment and the local context of the territory planning. However, it must be noted that there may be discrepancies between the institutions in charge of planning. These divergences, both in the definition of the ideal to be achieved and the means to achieve it, may result in proposals distancing from one to another.In order to understand the actors' readings of the territory as well as their affects, we used a classical methodology, enriched with 360° animated images projected in a virtual reality helmet, and completed by the realization of mental maps. Thus, it was observed that certain spaces generate important socio-spatial segregations, while being counter-intuitively very appreciated by the local populations. The results obtained accordingly show significant contrasts between what classical geography tells us as well the affects felt by the actors that were interviewed
La planificación del territorio es una actividad compleja debido al desconocimiento del futuro. Por tanto, los actores institucionales encargados de la planificación deben considerar y sopesar una multiplicidad de factores, tanto internos como externos al territorio. Los arbitrajes que se toman dependen de la interpretación de los temas específicos y de los objetivos que se quieren alcanzar. La lectura del contexto varía según las representaciones y los afectos preexistentes en el seno de las instituciones.Este trabajo realizado en Cuba se concentra en el territorio de la Bahía de La Habana. La estructura política y económica centralizada de Cuba, sin contrapoder, podría permitir una fuerte coherencia entre las decisiones tomadas en un entorno internacional restringido y el contexto local de la ordenación del territorio. Sin embargo, hay que tener en cuenta que puede haber discrepancias entre las instituciones encargadas de la planificación. Estas divergencias, tanto en la definición del ideal a alcanzar como en los medios para lograrlo, pueden dar lugar a propuestas distantes entre sí.Para comprender las lecturas del territorio por parte de los actores, así como sus afectos, utilizamos una metodología clásica, enriquecida con imágenes animadas de 360° proyectadas en un casco de realidad virtual, y completada con la creación de mapas mentales. Así, se observó que ciertos espacios generan importantes segregaciones socio-espaciales, al tiempo que son contra-intuitivamente muy apreciados por las poblaciones locales. Los resultados obtenidos muestran así importantes contrastes entre lo que nos dice la geografía clásica y los afectos que sienten los actores entrevistados
2
Testa, Silvina. "La conquête de l’est : reconfigurations régionales de la santería cubaine (La Havane – Sagua la Grande)." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100163.
Abstract:
En s’appuyant sur le cas d’une ville de la région centrale de Cuba, Sagua la Grande, bastion ancien de la santería, cette thèse s’attache à étudier une forme de religions afro-cubaines basée sur un modèle différent de celui, déjà bien connu, qui structure les cultes similaires à La Havane. La capitale est devenue, au fil du temps, la ville emblématique des cultes afro-cubains, étant érigée en quelque sorte en référence religieuse, voire en «orthodoxie» en la matière. Notre approche comparative entre les cultes afro-cubains de la Havane et de Sagua la Grande permet de relativiser le caractère général de ce modèle cultuel. L’analyse des figures d’autorités dans l’un et l’autre cas relativise la prédominance de la figure du babalao au sein de la prêtrise. Cette charge liturgique, à laquelle n’accèdent que les hommes, est au sommet d’une hiérarchie cultuelle qui est, entre autres, déterminée par des critères du genre. Un autre aspect important est que la ville de province commence lentement à s’inscrire dans la dimension transnationale des pratiques afro-cubaines, occupant par ce biais une place d’importance qu’elle n’avait pas autrefois. Une analyse comparative des formes de cultes présents à la Havane et à Sagua la Grande montrera qu’il ne s’agit finalement pas tant de deux modèles opposés que d’une multiplicité de variantes du culteA case study of a town in the central region of Cuba, Sagua la Grande, the former stronghold of Santeria, this thesis attaches great importance to the study of a form of afro-cuban religion based on a model different to that already well-known, which has a cult structure similar to Havana. Over time, the capital has become the emblematic town for afro-cuban cults, having been fixed for some as a religious reference point, in so far as an “orthodoxy” is possible in this area. A comparison between afro-cuban cults in Havana and Sagua la Grande permits us to make relative the general character of this cultural model. The analysis of authority figures in both cases makes clear the predominance of the babalao figure in the priesthood. This liturgical role, into which only men are allowed entry, is at the apex of a cultural hierarchy which is determined, in part, by criteria of race. Another important aspect is that the provincial towns are slowly beginning to enlist in the transnational dialogue of afro-cuban practices, indirectly achieving a previously unrecognised prominence. A comparative analysis of cult forms present in Havana and Sagua la Grande will show that it is not a case of two opposing models but rather a multiplicity of cult variations
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Konen, Alain. "La mécanique des secrets d'Ifa : compétences et savoir-faire des babalawo dans un rituel divinatoire cubain à La Havane." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210758.
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García, Inés. "Le rôle des pratiques associatives culturelles dans la construction et la diffusion d'une culture patriotique cubaine à la Havane (1868-1898)." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070046.
Abstract:
Les spécialistes de l'histoire cubaine divergent sur le processus d'émancipation de la colonie espagnole. L'historiographie révolutionnaire cubaine dénie tout rôle aux élites culturelles et politiques de La Havane dans ce processus d'indépendance en ne valorisant que l'action des séparatistes exilés. D'autres historiens soutiennent que ces élites intellectuelles, en majorité des autonomistes, ont largement contribué à la formation de la nation cubaine. Une approche fondée sur l'étude de la sociabilité associative culturelle à La Havane et sur une analyse prosopographique des acteurs historiques entre 1868 et 1898 amène à la fois à remettre en question l'existence d'une nation cubaine lors de la proclamation d'indépendance et à mieux appréhender les conflits interraciaux qui éclatent dans les années suivantes. Cette approche démontre que la sociabilité associative culturelle a été l'une des voies clés pour construire et diffuser une culture patriotique cubaine qui a marginalisé la population de couleur dans le développement du sentiment d'appartenance à une communauté cubaine. Les pratiques associatives culturelles ont aussi contribué à promouvoir simultanément l'attachement à la patrie cubaine et la désaffection envers la Métropole. Les élites intellectuelles et politiques ont ainsi amplement suscité le profond mécontentement et le patriotisme qui, en 1895, ont mobilisé une large partie de la population en faveur de l'indépendanceCuban history specialists disagree about the process of emancipation of the Spanish colony. Cuban revolutionary historiography denies any role to the cultural and political elites of Havana in this process of independence by valuing only the action of the exiled separatists, Other historians contend that these intellectual elites, for the greater part separatists, widely contributed to the formation of the Cuban nation. An approach based on the study of cultural associative sociability in Havana and on the prosopographique analysis of historic actors between 1868 and 1898 leads both to questioning the existence of a Cuban nation at the time of the declaration of independence and to better understanding the interracial conflicts which burst in the following years. This approach demonstrates that cultural associative sociability was one of the key ways to build and spread a Cuban patriotic culture which marginalized the coloured population in the development of the feeling of belonging to a Cuban community. Cultural associative practices also contributed to promote simultaneously attachment to the Cuban homeland and disaffection for the Spanish mother country. The intellectual and political elites thus amply aroused the profound dissatisfaction and the patriotism which, in 1895, mobilized a wide part of the population in favour of independence
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Goncalvès, Dominique. "Le planteur et le roi : l'aristocratie havanaise et la couronne d'Espagne, 1763-1838 /." Madrid : Casa de Velázquez, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41455076s.
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Goncalvès, Dominique. "Le planteur et le roi : étude des relations entre les élites aristocratiques havanaises et la couronne espagnole 1763-1838." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20093.
Abstract:
En 1763, l'Espagne n'étant plus en mesure de défendre seule La Havane et désireuse de développer une économie coloniale, négocie avec les élites locales une réforme politique et économique. Les élites sont encouragées à participer activement et financièrement à la défense de l'île, recevant en contrepartie des avantages pour produire du sucre de canne. En même temps, la monarchie espagnole fidélise cette trentaine de familles en suscitant une compétition pour l'obtention de titres de Castille. Devenues riches et aristocratiques, ces familles de planteurs sont un formidable allié de la Couronne espagnole, notamment lors de la guerre d'Indépendance ou pendant les périodes libérales. Mais leur poids politique oblige la monarchie à des compromis. Cette alliance résiste à tous les changements politiques au moins jusqu'en 1838, bien que les élites soient de plus en plus fragilisées par les conséquences de leur fermeture aristocratique : endogamie et concurrence des élites de commerçantsIn 1763, when Spain was no longer capable of defending La Havana by itself, but anxious to develop the colonial economy, the government negotiated a political and economic reform with the local elites. While these elites have been encouraged to participate and contribute financially to defending the city, they were favoured in return by improved conditions for producing sugar cane. At the same time the Spanish monarchy tried to bind about thirty families by creating a contest for being honoured with nobiliaries titles. So, these planters families were turned into formidable allies of the Crown, in the course of struggle for independence and during the liberal eras. Nonetheless elites' political relevance did oblige the Crown to make compromises. Although continuously weakened by the consequences of their aristocratic enclosure (consanguines marriages and competition by the tradesmen elite) this system was stable enough to resist all fundamental political changes until at least 1838
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Quintero, Pérez Ana Margarita. "La Havane, 1959-1979 : l'architecture sociale de la révolution cubaine : l'architecture face à l'histoire : de la quête d'une identité nationale à la standardisation de la construction." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010562.
Abstract:
À La Havane, l'architecture de la première moitié du XX siècle est marquée par I'influence des modèles étrangers, mais après la Révolution de 1959, elle connaît des changements significatifs, aussi bien sur le plan esthétique que technique. L'architecture va jouer un rôle déterminant dans la construction d'une nouvelle identité nationale. À Cuba, la volonté de reforme sociale a aboutit à I'emploi de la préfabrication à grande échelle et à la standardisation de l'architecture. Néanmoins, dans cette production massive, certaines oeuvres se démarquent par leur valeur culturelle et patrimoniale. Menée à travers des exemples de réalisations dans les domaines de l'éducation, du logement et des loisirs, cette étude s'intéresse également à l'évolution de la profession d'architecte et de I'enseignement de I'architecture à Cuba. Enfin, cette thèse tache d'analyser quelle forme de créativité reste possible dans un système économique étatique et centralisé qui privilégie une architecture sociale.
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Castillo, García Maysel. "Propuesta de modelo conceptual para la evaluación de un espacio público accesible. El caso de La Habana." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673573.
Abstract:
La calidad de vida de los ciudadanos está condicionada, entre otros aspectos, por la calidad del espacio urbano donde habitualmente desarrollan sus actividades, y es el espacio público, el medio físico donde este tipo de actividades se manifiesta. El derecho ciudadano de poder ingresar, transitar y permanecer en el espacio público, de manera segura, confortable y autónoma, son acciones que engloba el concepto de accesibilidad. Para evaluar el espacio público con una perspectiva accesible se parte de un enfoque sistémico que analiza los problemas del espacio público en su conjunto y no de los componentes aislados. Se define un modelo conceptual estructurado en cuarenta y una variables en tres unidades de análisis; el espacio público y su diseño, la accesibilidad y usos, y los principales elementos que definen los procesos físicos, cognitivos y afectivos de las personas al usar el espacio público y las principales actividades o acciones que desarrollan en el mismo. Se establecen relaciones a partir del uso del método prospectivo de Matrices de Impacto Cruzado y Multiplicación Aplicada para la Clasificación (MIC- MAC), para determinar las variables claves, las más sensibles del modelo conceptual propuesto.
La problemática del espacio público en la Habana, así como las potencialidades que promueve esta ciudad histórica consolidada, permiten aplicar el modelo conceptual propuesto, en el Vedado y La Habana Vieja. En estas zonas centrales, se han clasificado los espacios públicos, en espacios trazados tipos, de recorrido, de cruce y de estancia. Se han seleccionado el Parque Víctor Hugo, y la Plaza Vieja, así como sus calles y cruces asociados, como espacios trazados tipos, para la evaluación de la accesibilidad, a partir de las variables claves del modelo conceptual planteado.The quality of citizen life, is conditioned, among other aspects, by the quality of the urban space, where they usually develop theirs activities, and it’s the public space, the physical place where this kind of social activities manifest itself. The citizen’s rights to access, walk, and remained in the public space, safe, comfortable, and independent way, are public actions that encompass the concept of accessibility. Assessing public spaces with an accessible perspective is a systemic approach that analyses the problematic situation of the public places as a whole and not the insolate component. This thesis proposes a conceptual model of accessibility for the public spaces, structured in forty-one elements defined it in three analytical conceptual units: all about the physics aspect of the public spaces and it urban design, the second about the uses and accessibilities to the public spaces, and the main elements had defined the physical, cognitive and affective processes of the people, who use the cities, and the principals urban activities that are develop in it. The relationship of this elements is established by the use of the prospective method, Cross-Impact Matrix and Applied Multiplications for the Classifications (MIC-MAC). This method is important for decided the most sensitive key elements of the propose conceptual model for accessible public spaces. The problem of public spaces in Havana City, as well as a city with urban potential to promoted, because it’s an consolidate and historical city, allow to apply the proposed conceptual model, specific in Vedado and Old Havana. In this central urban’s areas, have been classified, it’s public spaces in different type of space like: space for the pedestrian route, crossing space and space for the stay. The Victor Hugo Park, and the Plaza Vieja Square, as well as its associated streets and street crossing, have been selected as type draw public spaces, for the evaluation of accessibility based on the key elements by the conceptual model proposed.
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Jacques, Eugénie. "Cuba, une géographie alimentaire insulaire : analyse des facteurs influençant l'évolution du patrimoine alimentaire havanais, 1990-2015." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28309.
Abstract:
La période spéciale en temps de paix, cette crise économique aiguë vécue à Cuba causée par la fin de la coopération avec l’Union soviétique en 1990, a entrainé d’énormes bouleversements dans la société cubaine, particulièrement en matière d’alimentation. Face à sa condition d’insularité en quelque sorte doublée, qui est due à des facteurs géographique et politique, le régime cubain doit dès lors affronter la question de la sécurité alimentaire nationale pour garantir la nourriture et la santé du peuple. De graves problèmes de distribution des denrées sont alors survenus, rendant laborieuse la reproduction de l’alimentation d’avant-crise. C’est dans ce contexte qu’une rupture peut être considérée dans la transmission du patrimoine alimentaire ainsi que de la conservation et des pratiques alimentaires, surtout dans les maisonnées urbaines. Les résultats des entrevues effectuées à La Havane avec 17 citoyens et notables démontrent que la recherche d’une alimentation saine et variée ne fut pas prioritaire au lendemain de la crise des années 1990, et que l’alimentation tend aujourd’hui vers des choix familiers et stables, répondant aux besoins immédiats. En plus des contraintes vécues à l’échelle nationale et le l’embargo américain, la modernité est un facteur à l’œuvre dans la formation et le maintien des pratiques alimentaires. C’est donc le résultat d’influences locales, régionales et internationales qui déterminent les préférences des Cubains. Malgré son isolement relatif, Cuba n’est après tout pas exempt de ces influences qui se déploient à l’échelle mondiale.The acute economic crisis that prevailed in Cuba during the 1990’s, the so-called special period in times of peace, had tremendous impacts on daily life in Cuba, among other things on food provisioning. In a context of double insularity caused by both geographic and political factors, the Cuban regime had to tackle the issue of food security to guarantee a minimum of food and health conditions to its people. Serious distribution problems of fresh produce arose with oil shortages, thus making it difficult to reproduce before-crisis feeding patterns. It is in this context that a potential rupture may be considered in the transmission of the food heritage and conservation and culinary practices, especially for urban Cuban households. Semi-structured interviews conducted with 17 residents and key informants from La Havana showed that the search for healthy and diverse food is not a priority in the aftermaths of the 1990’s the crisis and that food trends today tend towards the selection of known and stable options in sufficient quantities to help secure the basics. In addition to national economic constraints and the U.S. embargo, modernity is a factor at work in shaping and transmitting food consumption and transformation practices. The result is a mixed bag of local, regional, and international influences determining Cubans’ food preferences. Despite its relative isolation, Cuba is not exempt from influences spreading globally after all.
10
FAIVRE, D'ARCIER HORTENSE. "La havane au temps des lumieres et des revolutions d'independance - vision des voyageurs francophones et realite historique." Paris 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA030002.
Abstract:
L'absence de revolution d'independance a cuba au debut du xixe siecle pose un probleme historique majeur pour qui veut comprendre le destin de l'ile a l'epoque contemporaine. Nous chercherons des elements de reponse dans l'evolution de la structure socio-spatiale de la havane replacee a la fois dans la longue duree de la "ilustracion" et dans le temps court des annees 1808-1833 qui voient les contradictions de l'absolutisme eclaire portees a leur paroxysme par la crise ouverte lors des guerres de la revolution et de l'empire. Les voyageurs francais, francophones, venus de cette france des revolutions et des contre-revolutions (1789-1830) nous sont apparus alors comme des temoins privilegies de ce "retard" de la revolution d'independance a cuba. "retard" dans la prise de conscience nationale de l'oligarchie creole havanaise qui resulterait d'une coincidence temporelle entre la realisation des transformations structurelles a la havane et le temps des revolutions atlantiques. La havane, escale strategique de la "carriere des indes" va concentrer des le xiiie siecle tous les efforts de la politique metropolitaine de developpement et de renforcement du systeme defensif. La capitale symbolise, de ce fait, pour tous les voyageurs de l'epoque, la reussite du reformisme colonial bourbonien, effacant a son profit les autres regions de l'ileThe absence of an independence revolution in cuba at the beginning of the 19 th century raises an important historical question for anyone seeking to understand the destiny of the island in the contemporary era. We seek elements of an answer to this question in the socio-spatial structure of havana, which we situate both in the "longue duree" of the enlightenment and the "temps court" of the years 1808-1833, during which the contradictions of inlightened absolutism are brought to a height by the fench revolutionary and imperial wars. Fench-speaking travellers from revolutionary and counter-revolutionary france (1789-1830) are privileged witnesses of this "delay" in the independence revolution of cuba. Is the "delay" in the formation of the national consciousness of the creole oligarchy of havana the result of a coincidence in time between structural transformations in the havana region and the atlantic revolutions? havana, a strategic stopover on the west indies trade route, had become, in the 18 th century, the site of intensive efforts by metropolitan policy to reinforce and develop the imperial defense system. As a result, cuba's capital symbolizes, for all european travellers, the success of bourbon colonial reformism, thus effacing, to its advantage, the other regions of the island
Books on the topic "Urbanisme – Cuba – La Havane (Cuba)":
1
Sánchez, Yoani. Cuba libre: Vivre et écrire à La Havane. Montréal: M. Brûlé, 2011.
2
Rigoulot, Pierre. Coucher de soleil sur La Havane: La Cuba de Castro, 1959-2007. Paris: Flammarion, 2007.
3
Costamagna, Philippe. ¡Hasta siempre!: Ajaccio à l'heure de Cuba : chefs d'œuvre des Musées de la Havane. Cinisello Balsamo, Milano: Silvana editoriale, 2015.
4
d'Arcier, Sabine Faivre. Jean-Baptiste Vermay: Peintre et citoyen français, messager du Siècle des Lumières : fondateur de l'Académie San Alejandro de La Havane. Le Mée-sur-Seine: Lys éditions, 2002.
5
d'Arcier, Sabine Faivre. Jean-Baptiste Vermay: Peintre et citoyen français, messager du siècle des Lumières : fondateur de l'Académie San Alejandro de La Havane. Le Mée-sur-Seine: Lys éditions, 2002.
6
Graz, Jean-Christophe. Aux sources de l'OMC: La charte de la Havane, 1941-1950 = Precursor of the WTO : the stillborn Havana charter, 1941-1950. Genéve: Droz, 1999.
7
Trade, Canada Dept of Foreign Affairs and International. Culture : audio-visual co-production agreement between the Government of Canada and the Government of the Republic of Cuba (with annex), Havana, April 27, 1998, in force September 1, 1999 =: Culture : accord de coproduction audiovisuelle entre le gouvernement du Canada et le gouvernement de la République de Cuba (avec annexe), La Havane, le 27 avril 1998, en vigueur, le 1e septembre 1999. Ottawa, Ont: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada = Ministre des travaux publics et services gouvernementaux Canada, 1998.
8
Trade, Canada Dept of Foreign Affairs and International. Transfer of offenders : treaty between the Government of Canada and the Government of the Republic of Cuba on the serving of penal sentences, Havana, January 7, 1999, in force August 10, 1999 =: Transfèrement des personnes condamnées : traité entre le gouvernement du Canada et le gouvernement de la République de Cuba concernant l'exécution des peines, La Havane, le 7 janvier 1999, en vigueur le 10 août 1999. Ottawa, Ont: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada = Ministre des travaux publics et services gouvernementaux Canada, 1999.
9
Trade, Canada Dept of Foreign Affairs and International. Air : exchange of notes constituting an agreement to renew and amend the agreement between the Government of Canada and the Government of the Republic of Cuba on hijacking of aircraft and vessels and other offenses, done at Ottawa on February 15, 1973, as amended, Ottawa and Havana, February 12, 1998, in force February 12, 1998 with effect from February 15, 1993 =: Air : échange de notes constituant un accord pour renouveler et modifier l'accord entre le gouvernement du Canada et le gouvernement de la République de Cuba relatif aux détournements d'avions et de vaisseaux et à d'autres infractions, fait à Ottawa le 15 février 1973, tel que modifé, Ottawa et Havane, le 12 février 1998, en vigueur le 12 février 1998 avec effet à partir du 15 février 1993. Ottawa, Ont: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada = Ministre des travaux publics et services gouvernementaux Canada, 1998.
10
Guide Clin Guide Clin d'Oeil. Havane (Cuba) - Guide Clin D'Oeil. Independently Published, 2019.
Book chapters on the topic "Urbanisme – Cuba – La Havane (Cuba)":
1
Valle, Amir. "La isla viajera: Cuba novelada desde el exilio." In Écrire/décrire La Havane, 127–35. Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pupvd.37582.
2
Nouhaud, Dorita. "El hombre que contaba en Cuba la caída de la casa Usher: Leonardo Padura Fuentes, El hombre que amaba a los perros." In Écrire/décrire La Havane, 27–48. Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pupvd.37195.
3
Alfonso, Maite Hernández. "As contribuições da arquitetura colonial para o bioclimatismo e a sustentabilidade, em Havana, Cuba." In Urbanismo bioclimático e cidades sustentáveis, 55–74. Editora UFPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51359/978-65-5962-104-0.3.
Conference papers on the topic "Urbanisme – Cuba – La Havane (Cuba)":
1
Shamanna, Jayashree, and Gabriel Fuentes. "Preserving What? Design Strategies for a Post-Revolutionary Cuba." In 2016 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2016.30.
Abstract:
The Cuban Revolution’s neglect of Havana (as part of a broader socialist project) simultaneously ruined and preserved its architectural and urban fabric. On one hand, Havana is crumbling, its fifty-plus year lack of maintenance inscribed on its cracked, decayed surfaces and the voids where buildings once stood; on the other, its formal urban fabric—its scale, dimensions, proportions, contrasts, continuities, solid/void relationships, rhythms, public spaces, and landscapes—remain intact. A free-market Cuba, while inevitable, leaves the city vulnerable to unsustainable urban development. And while many anticipate preservation, restoration, and urban development—particularly of Havana’s historic core (La Habana Vieja)—”business as usual” preservation practices resist rampant (read: neoliberal) development primarily through narrow strategies of exclusion (where, what, how, and why not to build), museumizing Havana as “a city frozen in time.”Seeking a third option at the intersection of this socialist/capitalist divide, this paper describes 4 student projects from THE CUBA STUDIO, a collaborative Integrative Urban Studio at Marywood University’s School of Architecture. Over the course of 16 weeks, students in THE CUBA STUDIO speculated urban futures for a post-revolutionary Havana–strategizing ways of preserving Havana’s architectural and urban fabric in the face of an emerging political and economic shift that is opening, albeit gradually, Cuba to global market forces. And rather than submitting to these forces, the work critically engages them toward socio-cultural ends. Some driving questions were: What kind of spatial politics do we deploy while retrofitting Havana? How will the social, political, and economic changes of an “open” Cuba affect Havana’s urban fabric? What role does preservation play? For that matter, what does preservation really mean and by what criteria are sites included in the preservation frame? What relationships are there (or could there be) between preservation, tourism, infrastructure, education, housing, and public space? In the process, students established systematic research agendas to reveal opportunities for integrated“soft” and “hard” interventions (i.e. siting and programing), constructing ecologies across a range of disciplinary territories including (but not limited to): architecture, urban design, historic preservation/ restoration, art, landscape urbanism, infrastructure,science + technology, economics, sustainability, urban policy, sociology, and cultural/political theory. An explicit goal of the studio was to expand and leverage“preservation” (as an idea, a discipline, and a practice) toward flexible and inclusive design strategies that frame precise architectural interventions at a range of temporal and geographic scales.
2
Priore Lima, Renata. "Un espacio público en tranformación y conflicto: la plaza Salvador Seguí y la Filmoteca de Cataluña en el Raval de Barcelona." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5873.
Abstract:
Este artículo plantea una investigación acerca de la plaza Salvador Seguí, ubicada en el corazón del barrio del Raval, en el centro histórico de Barcelona, cuya forma y maneras de ocupación han cambiado mucho en los últimos diez años. Parte de un gran proyecto de intervención urbana conocido como Illa Robador, esta plaza fue uno de los pocos elementos que sobrevivió a las intensas trasformaciones que modificaron este tejido urbano milenario. Foco de polémica, este proyecto fue finalizado en 2012 con la inauguración de la Filmoteca de Cataluña. Sin embargo, los conflictos que caracterizan la plaza y el barrio hace siglos permanecen evidentes. Entender las características formales de la plaza Salvador Seguí, identificar los conflictos que la configuran y las principales permanencias y transformaciones en curso son nuestros objetivos centrales. This article intends to investigate Salvador Seguí square, located in the heart of Raval, at Barcelona historic center.
As part of a big urban project known as Illa Robador, its forms and ways of occupation have really changed during the last ten years.
The Salvador Seguí square is one of the few elements that survived in this millenary urban fabric. Target of an important polemic
discussion, this project was ended in 2012 with the inauguration of Filmoteca de Cataluña. However, the conflicts that
have distinguished this square for years
(as the whole neighborhood) are still
evident today. Understanding its formal characteristics, and recognizing the conflicts, permanencies and transformation aspects at Salvador Seguí square are the main
goals of this article.
3
Abril, Marta Juliana. "54 piscinões nas várzeas do Alto Tietê: o projeto de retenção de água pluvial na Bacia do Rio Aricanduva." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6311.
Abstract:
A pesquisa busca debater as principais dificuldades e potencialidades da inserção urbana das
infraestruturas hídricas de drenagem. O objeto de estudo é o Sistema de Reservatórios de Amortecimento
de Cheias, conhecidos como piscinões, nos processos de interface e mediação com a estrutura urbana da
Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. O principal objetivo é contribuir numa abordagem mais abrangente e
multidisciplinar do entendimento do sistema de retenção de água pluvial, percebido não somente como
mero sistema de fluxos cuja única finalidade é a eficiência técnica. Evidencia-se que o sistema de retenção
de águas pluviais tem potencial para desempenhar um papel relevante na qualificação espacial em diversas
escalas e contribuir para a estruturação e legibilidade das localidades as que pertencem. This research aims to discuss the potential challenges and benefits of integrating water infrastructure in
urban morphology. The case study that will be examined is the Flood Storage Reservoirs System, or as it is
colloquially referred to “Piscinões”, along with its interface processes and the mediation with the urban
structure of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. The main objective is to contribute to an approach that
embraces a multidisciplinary understanding of rainwater retention system, which moves beyond its
perception as mere flow systems whose ultimate goal is technical efficiency. It is evident that rainwater
retention systems have the potential to play a role in the spatial improvement at different scales as well as
contributing to the readability and structuring of the the localities which they belong to.
4
Meireles, Isis, Alcilia Afonso, and Aracelly Magalhães. "Praça da Graça: transformações urbanísticas durante o regime militar (1964-1985)." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Maestría en Planeación Urbana y Regional. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6028.
Abstract:
O presente artigo tem como objeto de estudo as transformações urbanas ocorridas no cenário da Praça da
Graça e seu entorno imediato, localizada na região litorânea do Estado do Piauí, centro histórico do
município de Parnaíba, região nordeste do Brasil, durante o período da ditadura militar no país. Possui
como objeto de estudo o espaço delimitado pela Praça de Nossa Senhora das Graças, ou Praça da Graça,
seus equipamentos e configuração urbana, bem como os perfis das edificações fronteiriças a mesma,
localizadas nas ruas Oscar Clark, Pires Ferreira e Vereador Alcenor Candeira. O logradouro Praça da Graça
e seu entorno compõem a paisagem cultural histórica da cidade constituindo-se em local de memória,
símbolo de identificação de uma sociedade cuja trajetória deve ser preservada como patrimônio histórico e
cultural. This article talks about the issues of landscape and urban heritage. The object of study addresses the urban
transformations that have occurred in the setting of Praça da Graça and its immediate surroundings, located
in state of Piauí, historic center of the city of Parnaíba, during the military dictatorship period. Has as its
object of study the space delimited by the Praça da Graça, equipment and urban settings, as well as the
profiles of the same border building, located in the streets Oscar Clark, Pires Ferreira and Alcenor Candeira.
The Praça da Graça comprise the historic cultural landscape of the city constituting a memory location,
identification symbol for a society whose path should be preserved as a historical and cultural heritage.
5
Ecker, Vivian Dall'lgna, and Nelson Popini Vaz. "A evolução histórica de campi universitários - estudo de caso do Campus da UFSC." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6354.
Abstract:
Este artigo versará sobre a evolução histórica do conceito de campus universitário, apresentando as principais referências que orientaram a definição atualmente empregada nas universidades brasileiras. Neste momento em que projetos urbanos de maior envergadura, frequentemente denominados como operações urbanas, passam a exercer maior influência no processo de urbanização, julga-se importante promover o conhecimento e o debate acerca de intervenções urbanas em escala compatível à deste procedimento urbanístico. Este artigo estrutura-se em três tópicos de abordagem. Inicialmente, será apresentada a origem e evolução histórica do conceito, tendo-se, nos padrões europeus e norte-americanos, as principais referências. A seguir, serão apresentadas as políticas que orientaram a implementação de campi no Brasil, quando se intensificaram investimentos na educação superior do país, e descritas as características da configuração espacial dos campi naquele período. Por fim, será apresentado o Campus da UFSC, considerado um marco histórico do período modernista, cuja configuração espacial possui importantes valores socioambientais. This article will focus on the historical evolution of the university campus concept, considering the main references that guided the definition currently used in brazilian universities. At a time when projects of larger scale, often referred as urban operations, begin to exert greater influence in the urbanization process, it is important to promote knowledge about interventions on a scale compatible with this urban procedure. This article is structured in three main topics. Initially, it will be presented the origin and historical evolution of the concept, having at the european and north american standards, its main references. Then, it will be presented both the policies, that guided the implementation of campuses in Brazil, and the campuses spatial configuration, when there were intensive investments in higher education in the country. Finally, it will be introduced the Campus of UFSC, considered a landmark of modernist period, whose spatial configuration has important environmental values.
6
Sánchez Padilla, María Lorena, Ghyslaine Romina Manzaba Carvajal, Ricardo Andrés Valencia Robles, and Carlos Andrés Suco Valle. "SERVIDUMBRES Y ESPACIOS RESIDUALES PARA USO PÚBLICO RECREATIVO. Caso de estudio asentamiento humano Cooperativa San Francisco Guayaquil, Ecuador." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Recerca en Urbanisme, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.12650.
Abstract:
The public space in the city is the support of its urban structure and spatial organizer, whose presence allows the articulation at a physical-functional level; conceptually it defines the symbolic and interpretative; it is the place of social representation, the basis for the recognition of memory and identity. In the informality of human settlements, most of them are discarded areas from the process of illegal land occupation, which initially serve as access and are later destined as roads, therefore, the possibility of having recreational spaces is almost nil, in this scenario, an element present in most occupations is addressed, such as easements or residual spaces. The objective of this study is to formulate physical-spatial strategies for the generation of public spaces, essential components for the social interaction of its inhabitants in the post-COVID world. Keywords: city, public space, human settlement, residual space. El espacio público en la ciudad es el soporte de su estructura urbana y ordenador espacial, cuya presencia permite la articulación a nivel físico-funcional; en lo conceptual es definitorio de lo simbólico e interpretativo; es el lugar de la representación social, la base del reconocimiento de la memoria y la identidad. En la informalidad de los asentamientos humanos en su mayoría son áreas desechadas del proceso de ocupación ilegal de tierras, que inicialmente sirven de acceso y luego son destinados a la vialidad, por lo tanto, la posibilidad de contar con espacios recreativos es casi nulo, en este escenario se aborda un elemento presente en la mayoría de las ocupaciones de hecho, como son las servidumbres o espacios residuales. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo formular estrategias físico- espaciales, para la generación de espacios públicos componentes esenciales para la interacción social de sus habitantes en el mundo post COVID. Palabras clave: Ciudad, espacio público, asentamiento humano, espacio residual.
7
Cachioni, Marcelo, Maira Cristina Grigoleto, and Juliana Binotti Pereira Scariato. "Plano de gestão: sítio histórico urbano (SHU) "Rua do Porto" - Piracicaba - SP." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Maestría en Planeación Urbana y Regional. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6016.
Abstract:
O presente trabalho se propõe a apresentar reflexões resultantes dos estudos desenvolvidos sobre o Sítio
Histórico Urbano ‘Rua do Porto’ em Piracicaba - SP Brasil, tendo como enfoque a constituição da paisagem
cultural e quatro elementos: a água (relação do homem com o meio), o peixe (arte do saber/fazer), as
olarias (atividade profissional e característica construtiva) e a produção da pamonha (arte do saber/fazer).
Tais análises embasam histórica e culturalmente o Plano de Gestão proposto para área, cuja base
conceitual se fundamenta na concepção de paisagem cultural.
Por meio de um percurso retrospectivo sobre as vivências às margens do Rio Piracicaba, foi possível
verificar como esses itens têm ou tiveram suas existências e representações marcadas pelas características
ribeirinhas de ‘ser’ e ‘viver’. É possível perceber como foram constituídos por meio da organização da
memória histórica e afetiva, resultante de um processo de seleção baseado em ações do poder público e
dos cidadãos em suas manifestações de ‘contra poder’. This paper aims to present reflections resulting from developed over the Urban Historic Site 'Rua do Porto'
studies in Piracicaba - SP Brazil, having as focus the constitution of the cultural landscape and the four
elements: water (man's relationship with the environment), fish (art of know-how), the potteries (occupation
and constructive characteristic) and the pamonha’s production - a kind of sweet corn cake (art of know-how).
These analyzes underlie historical and culturally Management Plan proposed to this area, whose conceptual
basis is based on the concept of cultural landscape.
Through a retrospective journey experiences on the Rio Piracicaba banks, it was possible to see how these
items have either had their existence and representations marked by riverine characteristics of 'being' and
'living'. You can see how they were made through the historical and affective memory organization's,
resulting in a selection process based on actions of government and citizens in their expressions of 'counterpower'.
8
Vieira, Rafaela, Gabriel Zunino Packer, and Rafaela Nascimento Meneses. "Índice de caminhabilidade de Blumenau em Santa Catarina/Brasil: uma análise do Centro e do bairro Badenfurt." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6310.
Abstract:
A cidade é um sistema dinâmico em constante transformação, cujos reflexos são também evidenciados em sua infraestrutura urbana, dentre elas as calçadas, cuja qualidade para os deslocamentos pode ser avaliada pelo Índice de Caminhabilidade (IC). O objetivo geral da pesquisa é analisar se e como tem ocorrido aevolução do ICdo Centro e bairro Badenfurt no município de Blumenau. A pesquisa é do tipo exploratória e descritiva, de caráter quali-quantitativa. Foram utilizadas técnicas de pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e de campo, cujos dados foram tratados com auxílio do software ArcGis 10.3. Os resultados indicam que de 2005 para 2015 houve uma pequena redução no IC do Centro e um significativo aumento deste índice no Badenfurt. A pesquisa gerou importantes subsídios para o processo de planejamento territorial, visto queo Plano de Mobilidade Urbana, exigência da Lei no.12.587/2012, está em elaboração no município.
Palavras-chaves: calçadas; caminhabilidade; mobilidade; acessibilidade. The city is a dynamic system in constant change, whose effects are also evident in its urban infrastructure, among them the sidewalks, whose quality for the displacement can be measured by walkability. The overall objective of thiswork is to analyze whether and how has been the evolution of the walkabilityof the Centre and Badenfurt neighborhood in the city of Blumenau. The work is exploratory and descriptive, with qualitative and quantitative character. There have been used techniques of documentary, bibliographic and field research, whose data were processed with the help of software ArcGIS 10.3. The results indicate that from 2005 to 2015 there was a small reduction in walkabilityin the Center and a significant increase in this index in Badenfurt. The research has led to important benefits for the territorial planning process, since the Urban Mobility Plan, required by law no.12.587/2012, is being prepared in the city.
9
Arnaiz Eguren, Ignacio. "Planeamiento digital, la primera pieza de una ciudad virtual de mantenimiento distribuido." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7581.
Abstract:
En los últimos años se han planteado en España diversos sistemas para traducir el Planeamiento urbano
a un sistema digital, (Extremadura, Castilla y León, Canarias…). En el presente trabajo se exponen las
características principales que definen la propuesta de planeamiento digital establecida en el programa
“Impulso del Urbanismo en Red” del Ministerio de Industria, cuya arquitectura ha sido definida por el autor
de esta ponencia y que se resumen en:
* La definición de una estructura de información encapsulable en un fichero GML capaz de contener
cualquier plan independientemente de su origen, complejidad o función y que sea susceptible de
asociarle códigos de seguridad que garanticen su inviolabilidad (firma electrónica). A tal efecto se
establece un modelo de datos que contiene los componentes básicos de los planes y las relaciones
entre ellos en un lenguaje de “operación” entre planes que permitan obtener un refundido mediante un
mecanismo de computación automatizable.
* La especificación y desarrollo de las herramientas de diseño de Planeamiento que faciliten a los
equipos redactores construir planes digitales que cumplan la estructura digital establecida.
* La formación de Registros administrativos de planeamiento digital, que controlan la situación del
planeamiento mediante operaciones de inscripción, que son responsables de la publicidad del
planeamiento y que incluyen funciones de validación, inscripción y refundido de los planes en sistemas
de información territoriales que garanticen la vinculación jurídica no solo de los planes como piezas
individuales sino también del refundido digital.
* La especificación y desarrollo de las herramientas de control, validación y refundido que permitan
mantener los registros de planeamiento digital por parte de las administraciones competentes.
* La definición normalizada de los sistemas y lenguajes de visualización gráfica y acceso a la normativa
que permitan utilizar Internet como canal único de acceso al Planeamiento y de obtención de
planeamiento vinculante digital.
* La especificación y desarrollo de las herramientas informáticas de explotación y consulta digital
mediante servicios WMS, WFS y XML estándar.
* La definición de estilos de representación consensuados y estables que faciliten la legibilidad del
planeamiento independientemente de su productor, de su ámbito de aplicación o de la legislación de
base en la que se apoye.
La definición de un marco legislativo urbanístico estatal, regional y municipal que contemple estos
sistemas de planeamiento digital vinculante.
* El establecimiento de las bases para la normalización de conceptos urbanísticos que faciliten la
integración del planeamiento en los niveles municipal, regional y estatal y los mecanismos de
agregación y reutilización desde los niveles de más detalle a los menos.
* La mejora de los procesos de tramitación del planeamiento, convirtiendo todo el ciclo de vida del plan
en digital, asegurando su carácter participativo, dando valor jurídico a los sistemas de notificación
basados en técnicas electrónicas, construyendo los sistemas de acceso universal a los planes
mediante Internet que permitan consultar el plan y presentar sugerencias y alegaciones, con las
siguientes condiciones: que el plan a consultar corresponda exactamente con el plan aprobado, que la
información disponible corresponda a la totalidad del plan, que el sistema de representación y
navegación esté construido de tal forma que permita acceder fácilmente a toda la información
disponible y, finalmente, construyendo sistemas de análisis y validación de la calidad de los planes,
como ayuda al informe técnico preceptivo para su aprobación.
La ponencia presenta una solución que cumple todas estas condiciones y que se postula como un posible
estándar para la sistematización y digitalización del Planeamiento Urbano, como fase inicial para la
incorporación de los procesos de gestión y ejecución urbanas hasta configurar un sistema de gestión
integral de la información territorial. Recently in Spain have emerged several technologies to convert urban planning into a digital system
(Extremadura, Castilla y León, Canary Islands…). In this document are set out the main features that
describe the proposal of digital urban planning included in the program “Impulso del Urbanismo en Red”
started by the Ministry of Industry of Spain, whose computing architecture has been designed by the
author of this paper and summarized in the following items:
* Definition of an information structure incorporated in a GML file capable to contain any plan regardless
of their origin, complexity or duty and to be able to associate security codes to ensure their inviolability
(electronic signature). For such purpose is established a data model which contains the main
components and the relationships between them in a language of “operation” among several plans in
order to achieve an adapted plan through a computing automated mechanism.
* Specification and development of all the drawing tools for urban planning in order to make easier the
duty of urban planning editors to make digital plans with a digital structure established.
* Creation of official registries for urban planning to control the state of those documents by registration
tasks. These registries are responsible of publishing the plans, and include validation, registration and
adaptation of urban planning in regional information systems that ensure legal effectiveness not only
for the separated plan but also the final adapted plan.
* Developing tools to control, to validate and to adapt the plans in order to keep maintained the digital
registries by the relevant authorities.
* Standardize definition of systems and languages for graphic viewing and provide the access to the
legal documents of urban planning and for using Internet as the only access channel to these
documents and a way to obtain digital planning with total legal effectiveness.
* Specification and development of computing tools to provide consulting services through standard
WMS, WFS and XML services.
Reach a consensus in the definition of stable drawing styles that facilitates legibility of urban planning
regardless of producer, range or legal documents that supports them.
* Definition of a city planning legal framework (state, regional) that consider these digital planning
systems.
* Establishment of the basis for standardization developments of urban planning concepts that facilitate
its integration in the different state or regional levels and set all the mechanisms of aggregation and
reuse of these levels gradually.
* Improving the stages of official processes in urban planning, making the entire life cycle of digital plan
ensuring its participative role, giving legal status to the reported systems based on digital techniques,
building universal access systems through Internet to consult, suggest and complain with the following
conditions: the consulted plan must correspond to the approved one; the information available must
correspond to the whole plan; consulting and navigation system shall become so simple that allows
easy access to all the information; finally, analysis and validation systems must be designed to verify
the quality of the plans as an assistance to the legal report for approval.
This document sets out a solution that comply all these conditions and it stands as a possible standard for
urban planning systematization and digitization, as first stage for adding management and building
processes in order to make a whole territorial information system