Academic literature on the topic 'Urbanised camp'
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Journal articles on the topic "Urbanised camp"
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GRUFFUDD, PYRS. "The Battle of Butlin's: Vulgarity and Virtue on the North Wales Coast, 1939–49." Rural History 21, no. 1 (March 5, 2010): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793309990148.
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AbstractAt the outbreak of the Second World War the holiday camp entrepreneur Billy Butlin agreed a secret deal to build an Admiralty training camp near Pwllheli in North Wales. The camp would be transferred to Butlin at the end of the war for use as a holiday camp. Whilst planners were initially horrified, the strategic argument that such camps would concentrate coastal development and also provide the necessary places for the expansion of ‘holidays with pay’ prevailed. More sustained opposition came from those concerned about the imposition of a culture of urbanised mass leisure on the Welsh heartland of the Llŷn Peninsula. For some, the threat was ‘bathing beauties’ and alcohol; more profoundly, many feared the destruction of a Welsh-speaking rural polity. National sentiment rallied around an alternative social service camp and an overt form of Welsh nation-building. Nonetheless, Butlin won the case and the holiday camp opened in 1947.
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Inoue, Yosuke, Annie Green Howard, Amanda L. Thompson, and Penny Gordon-Larsen. "Secular change in the association between urbanisation and abdominal adiposity in China (1993–2011)." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 6 (March 7, 2018): 484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-210258.
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BackgroundLittle attention has been paid to how the association between urbanisation and abdominal adiposity changes over the course of economic development in low-income and middle-income countries.MethodsData came from the China Health and Nutrition Survey waves 1993–2011 (seven waves). A mixed linear model was used to investigate the association between community-level urbanisation with waist-to-height ratio (WHtR; an indicator of abdominal adiposity). We incorporated interaction terms between urbanisation and study waves to understand how the association changed over time. The analyses were stratified by age (children vs adults).ResultsAdult WHtR was positively associated with urbanisation in earlier waves but became inversely associated over time. More specifically, a 1 SD increase in the urbanisation index was associated with higher WHtR by 0.002 and 0.005 in waves 1993 and 1997, while it was associated with lower WHtR by 0.001 in 2011. Among child participants, the increase in WHtR over time was predominantly observed in more urbanised communities.ConclusionOur study suggests a shift in adult abdominal adiposity from more urbanised communities to less urbanised communities over a time of rapid economic development in China. Children living in more urbanised communities had higher increase in abdominal obesity with urbanisation over time relative to children living in less urbanised communities.
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Hailey, Charlie. "More Notes on Camp: A formulary for a New (Camping) Urbanism." Thresholds 33 (January 2007): 27a—33a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/thld_a_00592.
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Butow, David. "Latino Urbanism." Boom 6, no. 1 (2016): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2016.6.1.88.
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“Latino urbanism” describes the myriad ways that immigrants from Latin America are remaking American cities to feel more like the places from which they came. It describes a culture in many ways the opposite of the “intensely private” city Leon Whiteson described, with an emphasis much more on sociability and extending private and commercial realms outside and onto the street. Perhaps there’s no better example of this than LA’s CicLAvia-modeled on Bogotá’s Ciclovía-the open streets festival that brings tens of thousands of pedestrians and cyclists out onto temporarily closed streets. Latino urbanism is remaking California by adapting what already exists. David Butow’s photo essay captures this dynamic in action in California.
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Dalal, Ayham. "A Socio-economic Perspective on the Urbanisation of Zaatari Camp in Jordan." Migration Letters 12, no. 3 (September 2, 2015): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v12i3.279.
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Camps are temporal spaces where refugees are provided with humanitarian aid until durable solutions are made possible. During this period of ‘endless waiting’, these camps are planned to be economically self-contained. However, through time, refugee camps tend to urbanise: their initial empty spaces transform into vibrant markets, habitats and social spaces. In response to this ‘unexpected’ - and sometimes ‘unwanted’ - process, the economically self-contained system of camps breaks. This paper looks into the emerging socio-economic dynamics in Zaatari camp in Jordan, on the light of its urbanisation process and the Jordanian economy. It first explains the how humanitarian aid is provided, and then shows how and why, refugees use it to diversify the economy of the camp. The findings of this paper are then articulated on the existing policies to reduce the financial aid such as ‘self-reliance’ and ‘development’.
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Hujale, Moulid. "Kakuma Refugee Camp: Humanitarian Urbanism in Kenya’s Accidental City. By Bram J. Jansen." Journal of Refugee Studies 32, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 340–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fez019.
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Brković, Čarna. "The Everyday Life of a Homo Sacer. Enclave Urbanism in Podgorica, Montenegro." Südosteuropa 66, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2018-0002.
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Abstract This article ethnographically follows the everyday life of a homo sacer—a young Roma woman who has lived her whole life in a camp for displaced persons. The camp has been built for Roma, Ashkalias, and Balkan Egyptians who in 1999 fled from the violence in Kosovo to Podgorica, the capital of Montenegro. The key aim of the article is to see what happens with the concepts of ‘homo sacer’ and ‘bare life’ when ethnographically engaged in the context of Southeastern Europe. The article argues that ethnographic fieldwork in urban settings reveals in what way a homo sacer has an everyday life and a complex sociopolitical existence, and that camps are urban formations that can be related to very different sociohistorical and political projects.
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García-Lozano, Rafael Ángel. "Ordenador de ciudades en ambos mundos. Aproximación al urbanista y arquitecto Gabriel Riesco Fernández del Campo." Araucaria, no. 49 (2022): 568–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/araucaria.2022.i49.28.
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Nos acercamos a la figura de Gabriel Riesco Fernández del Campo por ser una de las más prolíficas de la planificación urbana de España y El Salvador durante el siglo XX, como autor de más de 180 planes. Tras el estudio de su biografía y de algunas de sus obras podemos situarlo en la más alta Administración pública de ambos países, donde su trabajo fue determinante para su ordenación territorial, en los años 50 y tras el terremoto de 1986 en Centroamérica, y en España durante el desarrollismo y la constitución de las Comunidades Autónomas. Asimismo fue asesor de Naciones Unidas para la ordenación territorial en El Salvador. Su obra arquitectónica es aún más desconocida. Palabras-clave: Urbanista, arquitecto, Gabriel Riesco Fernández del Campo, San Salvador, Plan Riesco, ordenación del territorio.
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Luzarraga Iturrioz, Mg Arantzazu. "The White Whale. Offshore Architecture in the Almerian Camp." Revista de Arquitectura 23, no. 34 (June 26, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-5427.2018.47929.
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The concept offshore has two meanings; the first on means literally in the sea far away from or at a distance from the coast; and the second one refers to what is made, situated, or registered abroad; especially in order to obtain benefits of lower taxes and costs, or from a less strict regulation. It is hard to notice offshore architectures, either because they remain conveniently hidden or because their existence has been assimilated too naturally.
El Ejido in Almería, Spain, is a place blessed with 3000 hours of sunshine a year. This motivates that both, agriculture and tourism choose to settle in it. Campo de Dalías, one of the world's most important intensive agriculture sites, shines like a vast sea of plastic. Tourism and delocalized food production coexist without any contact in this former agricultural colony.
The sunshine hours, the immigrant workers and the logistics infrastructure have turned Almería into a participant of the global network. Mobile and seasonal, this highly technological urbanism is extremely complex and very sensitive to fluctuations in world order. These enclaves are areas that anticipate a new form of transnational network of displaced urban spaces.
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Akpınar, İpek. "The Rebuilding of İstanbul Revisited: Foreign Planners in the Early Republican Years." New Perspectives on Turkey 50 (2014): 59–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600006580.
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AbstractIn the 1930s, the attention of Turkey’s politicians shifted back from Ankara and Anatolian cities to İstanbul. In 1932, the Governorship-Municipality of İstanbul organized an urban design competition for İstanbul, and four foreign city planners were invited. In the meantime, Martin Wagner came to İstanbul for the preparation of urban reports. In 1937, Henri Prost, the prominent urbanist of Paris, was invited to İstanbul and prepared the first master plan of the city. In Turkey and in İstanbul, town planning processes have been significantly influenced by “Western” planning principles, cultures, and experiences while gaining a local meaning in the context of Turkish politics and the state-formation process. The aim of this study is to describe the urban design competition of 1933 and the first master plan of 1937. Beyond references to Western European cities as in the “city-beautiful” planning approach, this study, based on a series of official documents, plan reports and their rhetoric, investigates in particular the role of foreign planners/urbanists in İstanbul in the context of the construction of a nation-state. The analysis of these foreign planners’ work suggests that urban planning in Republican Turkey was closely linked to the construction of the nation state.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urbanised camp"
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Oliveira, Liliane Torres de. "Novos campi públicos brasileiros : concepções projetuais." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4277.
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Previous issue date: 2009-11-27Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
This research project on the plans of the new campuses for Brazilian public Universities aims to discuss the urbanistic proposals used in four different plans in the state of Sao Paulo. This work attempts to evince which concepts were adopted in these projects, taking into account the national context, at the beginning of this century, of expansion, creation and restructuring of new campuses for public Universities and the relevance that this urban equipment has because of its social function and dimension. As theoretical foundation, we present a survey of historical moments that are of major concern for the apprehension of the research object. To this end, we approach initially the birth of the first University in Europe and the emergence of the campus in the U.S.A. Then, dealing with the history of Brazilian Universities, we highlight the development process of the campus, taking into consideration that the beginning of its implementation is an essential and paradigmatic phase. In order to discuss the proposals for the four new plans, certain categories of analysis were established, which focus on: an analysis of site where the campus is placed, the identification of urbanistic concepts, the parameters and guidelines for urban design, the verification of the road system, a spatial analysis of buildings and the open area and, finally, environmental sustainability a current theme present in disputes on planning. By means of systematization of the collected data, we sought to identify the urbanistic performance and the similarities and differences between the plans. Various issues were found in the specificities of each plan, such as the production of spaces that meet the new pedagogical proposals, the appreciation of the collective use of spaces for both convivence and learning, the promotion of environmental sustainability and the accessibility and mobility on the campuses, which demonstrates that there is an intent to match the demands generated by contemporary society.
O projeto de pesquisa proposto sobre os planos para os novos campi universitários públicos brasileiros teve como objetivo debater as proposições urbanísticas utilizadas em quatro planos distintos no estado de São Paulo. Considerando o contexto nacional, no início deste século, de ampliação, criação e reestruturação de novos campi públicos e a relevância que esse equipamento urbano possui por sua dimensão e função social, este trabalho buscou evidenciar quais os conceitos adotados para esses projetos. Como embasamento teórico, foi realizado o levantamento histórico de alguns momentos considerados fundamentais para a apreensão do objeto de pesquisa. Para tanto, foram abordados primeiramente o nascimento da universidade na Europa e o surgimento do campus nos EUA. Posteriormente, já na história das universidades brasileiras, foi destacado o processo de desenvolvimento do campus, considerando-se o início de sua implantação uma fase essencial e paradigmática. Na intenção de debater as propostas para os quatro novos planos, foram estabelecidas determinadas categorias de análise que enfocaram: uma análise do local de inserção do campus, a identificação dos conceitos urbanísticos, os parâmetros e diretrizes de desenho urbano, a verificação do sistema viário, a análise espacial entre edificações e áreas livres e a sustentabilidade ambiental, tema atual e presente nos embates sobre planejamento. Por meio da sistematização dos dados coletados, procurou-se identificar o desempenho urbanístico e as convergências e divergências entre os planos. Nas especificidades contidas em cada objeto, foram encontradas questões como a produção de espaços que correspondam às novas proposições pedagógicas, a valorização do uso coletivo tanto para convívio quanto para aprendizagem, a promoção da sustentabilidade ambiental e a acessibilidade e mobilidade nos campi, demonstrando, assim, a busca em atender às demandas geradas pela sociedade atual.
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Ribeiro, André Luiz. "Campi universitários: desenvolvimento de suas estruturas espaciais." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2009. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2637.
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Previous issue date: 2009-02-17Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
The university campus is a space that has great importance in the development of the society. The formation of the knowledge in the university space is intrinsically related to all the set of elements in it: from the physical structure, to the knowledge and the people. The well understanding of what it means the physical structure of the campus will contribute strongly for this formation. The structures that compose the university campus and its own evolution passed through historical process analyses which are instruments of the process comprehension and relevance from its contribution in the society formation. This research analyzes campi from its characteristics applied in the monachal structures yet scholastic, the formation of the first universities and colleges in the Occidental Europe. Then, in the research s development, it slowly evaluates the campi of University of Virginia made by Jefferson, the Illinois Institute of Technology made by Mies van der Rohe and finally the Architecture s College of Porto in Porto University made by Alvaro Siza. The understanding of these structures will be certainty important in the project of new campi to be produced in XXI century.
O Campus universitário é um espaço que tem grande importância no desenvolvimento da sociedade. A formação do conhecimento no espaço universitário está intrinsecamente relacionada com todo o conjunto de elementos presentes nele: da estrutura física, ao conhecimento e as pessoas. O bom entendimento do que significa a estrutura física do campus contribuirá fortemente para esta formação. A análise do processo histórico pelo qual passam as estruturas espaciais que geram o campus universitário e a própria evolução do campus como tal são instrumentos de compreensão do processo e da relevância de sua contribuição na formação da sociedade. Este trabalho analisa os campi desde suas características presentes nas estruturas espaciais monacais ainda escolásticas, a formação das primeiras universidades e colleges na Europa Ocidental. Na seqüência avalia detidamente os campi da Universidade de Virginia de Jefferson, o Instituto Illinois de Tecnologia de Mies van der Rohe e finalmente a Faculdade de Arquitetura do Porto na Universidade do Porto de Álvaro Siza. A compreensão destas estruturas espaciais com certeza será importante no projeto dos novos campi a serem produzidos no século XXI.
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Siqueira, Renata Monteiro. "A inserção da FAUUSP no campo de arquitetura e urbanismo em São Paulo: as contribuições de Anhaia Mello e Vilanova Artigas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16136/tde-08092015-113001/.
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Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a inserção da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo, FAUUSP, no campo de arquitetura e urbanismo em São Paulo, por meio da contribuição de dois de seus principais fundadores, Luiz Inácio Romeiro de Anhaia Mello (1891-1974) e João Batista Vilanova Artigas (1915-1985). Ambos foram engenheiros arquitetos formados pela Escola Politécnica de São Paulo, embora de ge- rações diferentes. Em sua vida profissional, Anhaia Mello tornou-se um reconhecido urba- nista, defensor da institucionalização do planejamento urbano baseado no regional planning norte-americano, opondo-se ao que chamava de \"urbanismo de obras\". Artigas, seu aluno e assistente, tornou-se, posteriormente, um dos mais respeitados arquitetos ligados ao Movimento Moderno em São Paulo. Pretende-se verificar como as diferenças e convergên- cias de seus pensamentos, vinculados a matrizes intelectuais distintas, interferiram sobre a configuração da nova instituição de ensino, repercutindo sobre o debate mais amplo de consolidação do campo de arquitetura e urbanismo como esfera de atuação profissional em São Paulo. Para tal, recorreu-se a vasta consulta bibliográfica assim como análises de documentos do período estudado, o qual tem por marcos os anos de 1948, data de fundação da FAUUSP, e 1962, quando foi implementada uma reforma de ensino que consolidou a ideia de um único campo em que as escalas do objeto, do edifício e da cidade estavam submetidas à atividade de projeto. Nos anos 1940, fatores internos e externos à universidade levaram à demanda pela criação de uma escola de arquitetura independente da Escola Politécnica, com a consequente extinção do curso de engenheiros arquitetos lá ministrado desde 1894. Anhaia Mello, docente catedrático da escola desde 1926, foi designado para co- ordenar a criação dessa faculdade e convidou Artigas a participar desse processo. Apesar de importantes divergências no pensamento desses profissionais, seu encontro na FAUUSP não deixou transparecer um debate de ideias ou uma exposição de diferenças, sugerindo a continuidade entre arquitetura e urbanismo. A hipótese que defendemos é que, apesar das diferenças de perspectiva que envolviam as duas disciplinas, a reunião entre arquitetura e urbanismo em um mesmo campo na FAUUSP foi estratégica para ambas, visando a obtenção de autonomia face à engenharia e à Escola Politécnica, bem como a consolidação de certos princípios, de modo a favorecer determinadas visões tanto na arquitetura como no urbanismo. Desse modo, a formação de um único campo institucional na nova escola revelou na verdade uma arena de embates de múltiplos interesses, nem sempre convergentes para os objetivos de uma gama de atividades profissionais bastante diversas entre si.This study aims to analyse the insertion of the Architecture and Urban Planning School in the University of São Paulo, FAUUSP, in the field of architecture and urban planning in São Paulo, through the contribution of two of its main founders, Luiz Inácio Romeiro de Anhaia Mello (1891-1974) and João Batista Vilanova Artigas (1915-1985). Both were architect engineers from de Polytechnic School of São Paulo, although they belonged to different generations. In his professional life, Anhaia Mello became an acknowledged urban planner, defending the institutionalization of this policy inspired on the north-ameri- can regional planning. Artigas was Anhaia Mello´s student and assistant and later became one of the most respected architects in the Modern Movement in São Paulo. It is intended to verify how the differences and convergences of their thoughts, linked to distinct intellec- tual references, interfered in the configuration of the new teaching institution, reflecting on the larger debate on the field of architecture and urban planning´s consolidation. To do so it was resorted to a vast bibliographical consultation and also to document analysis from the studied period which has as milestones the years of 1948, year of the establishment of FAUUSP, and 1962, when an education reform was implemented as to consolidate the idea of one field where the scales of the object, building and city were subordinated to the project activity. Around 1940, internal and external factors to the university lead to a demand for the creation of an architecture school independent from the Polytechnic School, with the cor- respondent extinction of the course of architect engineers that existed since 1894. Anhaia Mello, one of the main teachers of the Polytechnic School since 1926, was designated to coordinate the founding of the new school and invited Artigas to participate on this process. Despite the different ideas of these two professionals, their meeting at FAUUSP did not expose a debate or displayed the divergences, suggesting a continuity among architecture and urbanism. The intended hypothesis to defend is that, despite the different perspectives around both disciplines, the reunion of architecture and urbanism at FAUUSP was part of a strategy for both fields willing to obtain autonomy from engineering and the Polytechnic School and the consolidation of certain principles, in order to benefit specific visions of architecture and urbanism. Therefore, the constitution of only one institutional field at the new school actually revealed an arena of multiple interests, not always convergent to the goals of a range of professional activities very different from each other.
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Cloud, Jasmine R. "Renovation in the Campo Vaccino: The Churches on the Roman Forum from Clement VIII to Alexander VII." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/259014.
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Art HistoryPh.D.
The Forum, once the most central and sacred part of the ancient city of Rome, evolved over the course of centuries into a cluttered space at the threshold of the built-up city and its more rural periphery. Among the rubble of antique monuments--destroyed by earthquakes, flooding, or purposeful spoliation--livestock grazed at the site, giving it the appellation Campo Vaccino, or cow pasture, in the early modern period. Despite these obstacles, the Forum remained a vital part of the spiritual life of Romans after several of its structures were Christianized beginning in the sixth century. It became the province of the Catholic Church, and underwent a significant rehabilitation through papal patronage in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The seven churches ringing the Forum's periphery were restored or rebuilt over the course of about fifty years, allowing the patrons to harness the symbolism of the pagan and Christian past of the site to promote the glorious reviving Church. In this dissertation, I examine the Forum from a variety of vantage points, in order to reconstruct the antiquarian understanding of the site, its monuments, and history in the seventeenth century. The first chapter examines the historiography of the Forum and its churches, while outlining the issues at stake in the refashioning of this urban center. Chapter Two provides an overview of the Forum's history up to the sixteenth century. In Chapter Three, I consider the phenomenon of the Paleochristian Revival of the Counter-Reformation, and the ways in which it manifested itself at the Campo Vaccino. Chapter Four begins a series of case studies, organized by papacy, to elucidate the state of the Forum and its churches. Clement VIII Aldobrandini's direct patronage and other projects dating to his papacy initiated the wave of renovations that continued over the next several decades. The papacies of Paul V Borghese and Gregory XV Ludovisi are the subject of Chapter Five, when the urban environment at the edge of the Forum underwent new developments, in addition to works at the churches themselves. In Chapter Six, I focus on the two projects commissioned by Urban VIII Barberini: SS. Cosma e Damiano and SS. Luca e Martina, which demonstrate two very different approaches to ancient buildings. Finally, Chapter Seven considers works in the Campo Vaccino during the reign of Innocent X Pamphili, and the unification of these disparate renovations by the dramatic remaking of the central space by Alexander VII Chigi. These numerous projects carried out between 1592 and 1656 completely remade the Forum, renewing its historical importance in the city while highlighting its connection to Rome's dual history. The imperial and Early Christian past at the Forum now stood alongside the monuments of early modern Rome. The seventeenth century project added a new layer to the palimpsest of this eminently historical site.
Temple University--Theses
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Lanzi, Ana Maria Eder. "Intervenções arquitetônicas em campi consolidados: o caso da Pontifíca Universidade Católica do Chile." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2018. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/3658.
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Architecture in higher education institutions is part of the support needed to promote and develop new knowledge. Because of the growth and constant updating of the academic curriculum, universities need to expand or restructure their physical facilities. To consider in these architectural interventions the social transformations and valorization of the local culture, promotes the academic development and dissemination of knowledge. The analysis of the growth of campuses and contemporary architectural interventions at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile aims to evoke the values and priorities considered by the projects, taking into account the pre-existing buildings of recognized cultural and historical value. The new relationships established in the spaces, the circulations, the finishes, and the way contemporary architecture responds to the needs of the university and prioritize the identity of the place, are the bases of the analysis proposed in this research.
A arquitetura nas instituições de ensino superior faz parte do suporte necessário à promoção e desenvolvimento de novos conhecimentos. Ocorre que, por conta do crescimento e da constante atualização do curriculum acadêmico, as universidades necessitam ampliar ou reestruturar suas instalações físicas. Considerar nessas intervenções arquitetônicas as transformações sociais e valorização da cultura local propicia o desenvolvimento acadêmico e disseminação do saber. A análise do crescimento dos campi e das intervenções arquitetônicas contemporâneas na Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Chile pretende suscitar os valores e prioridades consideradas pelos projetos, levando em conta as edificações pré-existentes de reconhecido valor cultural e histórico. As novas relações estabelecidas nos espaços, as circulações, os acabamentos, enfim, a forma como a arquitetura contemporânea responde às necessidades da universidade e prioriza a identidade do local, são as bases da análise proposta nesta pesquisa.
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Nascimento, Roberto Revelino Fogaça do. "Campo dos Bugres-Sede Dante: a formação urbana de Caxias do Sul (1876-1884)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/3912.
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Previous issue date: 2009The village of Colônia Caxias began its settlement in the middle of 1876, but its "urbanistic" plan only was definitely organized in the ends of 1878. Urban model chose was the chessboard, with long historic trajectory, used mainly at colonization zones. This work come with the history of "planning" cities, since the Ancient Age to 1878, when it was conceived Caxias village's plan. Also come with the Empire of Brazil's legislation about colonization and immigration, and brazilian's engineers college schedule. From this three views of investigation it could be created a general panorama to understand the choice and execution of chessboard as a cities model on mountains of northeast Rio Grande do Sul.
A sede da Colônia Caxias começou a ser ocupada em meados de 1876, mas seu projeto “urbanístico” só foi organizado definitivamente em fins de 1878, sendo posto em prática a partir do início de 1881. O modelo urbano escolhido foi o do tabuleiro de xadrez, com longa trajetória histórica, utilizado principalmente em zonas de colonização. Este trabalho acompanha a história das cidades “planejadas” geometricamente, desde a Antigüidade Clássica até 1878, quando foi concebido o plano da povoação de Caxias. Também acompanha a legislação do Império do Brasil sobre a colonização e a imigração, e a formação dos engenheiros brasileiros. A partir desses três aspectos de investigação é que se pôde criar o panorama geral para compreender a escolha e execução do tabuleiro de xadrez como modelo de cidade na serra do nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul.
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Itikawa, Valdete Kanagusko. "Mananciais e urbanização: recuperação ambiental na sub-bacia Billings: os bairros ecológicos em São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo (1997-2007)." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2009. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2641.
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Previous issue date: 2009-02-04Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
Study of the environmental policies prevailing in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo and of the urban policy of São Bernardo do Campo municipality, with emphasis on the Alvarenga District. Analysis of the process of urbanization in São Bernardo Municipality, in the context of the Billings sub-basin and the interrelationship with the Metropolitan region. The main environmental legislation that concerns with the Billings sub-basin and São Bernardo Municipality between 1997 and 2007. The links between these laws and the urban policies and its main intervening instruments in the Ecological Districts. In particular, in the Jardim dos Pinheiros Ecological District and in the Carminha Ecological District, highlighting the advances and problems in the recovering actions. The most important considerations in analysing parameters and conflicts to be overcome for a sustainable development of the territory.
Estudo das políticas ambientais vigentes na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo e da política urbana do Município de São Bernardo do Campo, com ênfase no Bairro dos Alvarenga. Análise do processo de ocupação no Município de São Bernardo do Campo no contexto da Sub-bacia Billings e a inter-relação com a região metropolitana, das principais legislações ambientais que incidem sobre a Sub-bacia Billings e o Município de São Bernardo do Campo entre 1997 e 2007. A articulação entre essas legislações e a política urbana e de seus principais instrumentos nas intervenções nos Bairros Ecológicos, em particular, no Bairro Ecológico Jardim dos Pinheiros e Bairro Ecológico Jardim Carminha, salientando os avanços e os problemas nas ações de recuperação. Considerações mais relevantes analisando os parâmetros e conflitos a serem superados para um desenvolvimento sustentável do território.
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Heissler, Rafael Ferreira. "Análise comparativa do isolamento acústico em diferentes geometrias: Ensaios em campo e simulações computacionais." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7620.
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Atualmente no Brasil as construtoras necessitam projetar e construir edificações residenciais com condições mínimas de isolamento acústico, e para tal, as características acústicas do sistema construtivo devem ser bem conhecidas. Para as condições de projeto, utilizam-se dados de isolamento acústico dos sistemas ensaiados em laboratório como valores de input em simulações computacionais, e assim, estimar os resultados que poderão ser obtidos em ensaios em campo. Entretanto, os requisitos que o sistema deve atender, na atual norma brasileira, são fundamentados somente em ensaios experimentais em laboratório ou em campo, particularmente, não contemplando o uso de métodos de predição acústica para se estimar o desempenho em etapas de projeto. Isso acarreta em uma necessidade de amostragem total da edificação, uma vez que requisitos são estipulados de acordo com a situação de uso das unidades. Deste modo, este trabalho busca apresentar resultados da diferença padronizada de nível ponderado e nível de pressão sonora de impacto-padrão ponderado de diferentes sistemas construtivos ensaiados em uma mesma edificação, com foco na análise comparativa das diferentes áreas e geometrias e na estimativa obtida de softwares de predição acústica. Os ensaios foram realizados em edifícios residenciais situados na região de Porto Alegre, de acordo com as normas técnicas ISO 16283-1 e ISO 16283-2, e estimados com o uso de software SONarchitect. Uma análise da incerteza de medição a partir de uma série histórica de dados foi realizada para se verificar se há influência da geometria na incerteza expandida. Para a condição de ruído aéreo, verificou-se que parte dos ensaios apresentaram resultados simulados com valor menor que os encontrados através de ensaio, e a incerteza de medição tende a um valor maior conforme o aumento do volume do cômodo ensaiado. Já para os ensaios de transmissão ao ruído de impacto, os valores estimados ficaram muito próximos dos resultados de ensaio, entretanto, não foi possível relacionar a incerteza de medição com o volume do cômodo ensaiado.
Currently in Brazil, building companies need to design and construct residential buildings with a minimum of acoustic insulation conditions, and to this end, the acoustic characteristics of the constructive system must be well known. For the design situation, sound insulation data of the systems tested in the laboratory are used as input values in computational simulations, and thus, to estimate the results that can be obtained in field tests. However, the requirements only contemplate the minimum results that the system must have when performed in the laboratory and verified in the field situation, not allowing the use of acoustic prediction methods to estimate the performance in design stages. This entails a need for total sampling of the building since requirements are established according to the kind of the units. Thus, this study aims to present results of the weighted standardized sound level difference and weighted standardized impact sound pressure level of different building systems tested in the same building, with a focus on comparative analysis of different areas and geometry and obtained from estimation of acoustic prediction software. The tests were carried out in residential buildings located in the region of Porto Alegre, according to the technical standards ISO 16283-1 and ISO 16283-2, and estimated with the use of software SONarchitect. An analysis of the uncertainty of measurement from a historical data series was carried out to verify if there is influence of the geometry in the expanded uncertainty. For the airborne condition, it was found that part of the tests presented shown results with a lower value than those found by means of the test, and the measurement uncertainty tends to be higher as the volume of the room tested increases. However, for the impact noise transmission tests, the estimated values were very close to the test results, however, it was not possible to relate the measurement uncertainty to the volume of the room tested.
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Souza, Márcio de Oliveira Resende. "O programa MEC/BID III e o CEDATE na consolidação dos campi universitários no Brasil." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/961.
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O campus como base física de suporte aos sistemas de educação superior de massa adotado de forma globalizada a partir dos anos 1950 e sua contextualização histórica e projetual no âmbito brasileiro encontra um número muito reduzido de estudos. A exemplo da Europa e dos Estados Unidos, sob as pressões demográficas ocorridas após a Segunda Guerra Mundial e como imperativo de desenvolvimento econômico, inúmeros campi brasileiros foram implantados. Porém, já em 1975, os Anais do I Seminário Nacional sobre Planejamento de Campi Universitários retratavam inadequações dos novos campi das universidades federais que as incapacitavam de atender às demandas da Reforma Universitária de 1968. Sucessivos acordos de empréstimo foram assinados com o Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento para a reestruturação física desses espaços. O último deles, o Programa MEC/BID III, firmado nos anos 1980, destinou 105 milhões de dólares a nove universidades federais, visando expansões, preenchimento de lacunas e solução de deficiências físicas remanescentes da implantação desses campi nas décadas de 1960 e 1970. Como objetivo geral, este trabalho aborda um tema da maior importância para o planejamento físico do espaço universitário: a consolidação do campus como tendência internacional mesmo em países como a França, onde, até os anos 1950, ele não era sequer uma realidade a ser copiada, e o Brasil, onde até os anos 1960 predominavam faculdades isoladas. Como objetivo específico destaca-se a investigação dos aspectos históricos e arquitetônicos relacionados aos campi federais brasileiros na década de 1980, na esteira das ações de reestruturação e expansão física das universidades, no âmbito do Programa MEC/BID III, coordenado pelo Centro de Desenvolvimento e Apoio Técnico à Educação (CEDATE). A metodologia utilizada se relaciona com o campo dos estudos historiográficos na Arquitetura e no Urbanismo. A busca das fontes secundárias conduziu a pesquisa à Biblioteca da FAU/USP, onde foram coletados 42 artigos nacionais oferecidos pelo Índice de Arquitetura Brasileira e 90 títulos de artigos internacionais dos mais tradicionais periódicos. Conduziu também à UFF, onde foi coletada literatura específica sobre campus universitário e sobre o Programa MEC/BID III. Constituiu também importante fonte secundária a literatura internacional oferecida por Muthesius (2000), Chapman (2006), Turner (1984), De Carlo (2005) e outros do cenário nacional, como Alberto (2003), Cunha (2007) e Rodrigues (2001). As fontes primárias foram privilegiadas por meio de entrevistas com profissionais oriundos do CEDATE, bem como com arquitetos, engenheiros e gestores do processo de implantação do campus da UFJF na década de 1970 e outros atuantes em sua consolidação, na década de 1980. Para a materialização da abordagem, este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, um campus típico oriundo das grandes implantações dos anos 1960 e consolidado posteriormente, nos anos 1980, por meio do Programa MEC/BID III. Os resultados encontrados ao longo do estudo evidenciam uma profunda identidade e convergência dos processos experimentados na Europa com a experiência vivida no ensino superior brasileiro a partir de meados do século XX.
The campus as a physical support base for mass higher education systems, which was adopted globally from the 1950s, and its historical and conceptual context from the Brazilian point of view have been subjected to very few studies. Following the example of Europe and the United States, due to demographic pressures after World War II and the need for economic development, numerous Brazilian campuses were implemented. In 1975, however, the Proceedings of the First National Seminar on the University Campus Planning already revealed the shortcomings of the new campuses of federal universities, which made it impossible for them to meet the demands of the 1968 University Reform Act. Successive agreements were signed with the International Development Bank for the restructuring of these physical spaces. The last of these, the MEC/IDB III program signed in 1980, allocated USD 105 million to nine federal universities in order for them to expand, fill in the gaps and find solutions for the shortcomings that remained after the establishment of these campuses in the 1960s and 70s. The general objective of this paper is to delve into an issue of major importance for the physical planning of the university space: the consolidation of the campus as international trend even in countries like France, where they didn’t even exist until the 1950s, and Brazil, where until the 1960s the isolated College prevailed. Among the specific objectives stands the inquiry of historic and architectural aspects related to campuses of federal universities due to restructuring and physical expansion activities that occurred within the scope of the MEC/IDB III program in the 1980s, through the actions of CEDATE - Centre for Development and Technical Support in Education. The methodology used is related to the field of historiographical studies in Architecture and Urbanism. The search for secondary sources led the research to the FAU-USP library, which provided 42 national articles offered by the Brazilian Architecture Index and 90 titles of international articles from the most traditional international journals. It also led to the UFF, where specific literature was gathered on university campuses and the MEC/IDB III program. Also were important as secondary sources the international literature offered by Muthesius (2000), Chapman (2006), Turner (1984), De Carlo (2005) and other national publications from such authors as Alberto (2003), Cunha (2007) and Rodrigues (2001). Furthermore, the primary sources were prioritized in this study. Interviews were conducted with professionals from CEDATE as well as with architects, engineers and managers involved in the implementation process of the UFJF campus in the 1970s, and others who worked on its 1980’s consolidation. To put this approach into practice, this paper presents a case study of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, which is a typical Brazilian campus from the large 1960’s implementations, which was later consolidated in the 1980s through the MEC/IDB III program. The results found during the study show a profound identification and convergence of the processes experienced in Europe with the Brazilian higher education experience since the mid -twentieth century.
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Nascimento, Roberto Revelino Foga?a do. "Campo dos Bugres-Sede Dante : a forma??o urbana de Caxias do Sul (1876-1884)." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/2281.
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Previous issue date: 2009-03-10A sede da Col?nia Caxias come?ou a ser ocupada em meados de 1876, mas seu projeto urban?stico s? foi organizado definitivamente em fins de 1878, sendo posto em pr?tica a partir do in?cio de 1881. O modelo urbano escolhido foi o do tabuleiro de xadrez, com longa trajet?ria hist?rica, utilizado principalmente em zonas de coloniza??o. Este trabalho acompanha a hist?ria das cidades planejadas geometricamente, desde a Antig?idade Cl?ssica at? 1878, quando foi concebido o plano da povoa??o de Caxias. Tamb?m acompanha a legisla??o do Imp?rio do Brasil sobre a coloniza??o e a imigra??o, e a forma??o dos engenheiros brasileiros. A partir desses tr?s aspectos de investiga??o ? que se p?de criar o panorama geral para compreender a escolha e execu??o do tabuleiro de xadrez como modelo de cidade na serra do nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul.
Books on the topic "Urbanised camp"
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Campo Grande: Arquitetura, urbanismo e memória. Campo Grande, MS: Editora UFMS, 2006.
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Gerónimo, Joaquín. Campo ciudad: Artículos y conferencias sobre temas de urbanismo. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana: Editorial Universitaria, UASD, 1993.
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Campo Grande: Arquitetura e urbanismo na década de 30. Campo Grande, MS: UNIDERP, 2000.
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Pontual, Virgínia, 1950- editor of compilation and Loretto, Rosane Piccolo, editor of compilation, eds. Cidade, território e urbanismo: Um campo conceitual em construção. Recife: CECI, 2009.
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Heben, Andrew. Tent city urbanism: From self-organized camps to tiny house villages. Eugene, Oregon: The Village Collaborative, 2014.
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González, Rafael Sánchez. Introducción al estudio del urbanismo portuense: El ensanche del Campo de Guía, 1828-1838. [Cádiz?]: Caja de Ahorros de Cádiz, 1986.
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Urbanismo na América do Sul: Circulação de ideias e constituição do campo, 1920-1960. Salvador, BA: EDUFBA, 2009.
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Jansen, Bram J. Kakuma Refugee Camp: Humanitarian Urbanism in Kenya's Accidental City. Zed Books, Limited, 2019.
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Kakuma Refugee Camp: Humanitarian Urbanism in Kenya's Accidental City. Zed Books, Limited, 2018.
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Jansen, Bram J. Kakuma Refugee Camp: Humanitarian Urbanism in Kenya's Accidental City. Zed Books, Limited, 2018.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Urbanised camp"
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Simone, AbdouMaliq. "South African Urbanism: Between the Modern and the Refugee Camp." In Cities in Contemporary Africa, 241–46. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230603349_11.
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Moawad, Paul. "Temporary Forms of Urbanism in Contested Urban Spaces in Lebanon: The Case of Dbayeh Camp." In Transforming Cities Through Temporary Urbanism, 73–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61753-0_6.
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"Humanitarian urbanism." In Kakuma Refugee Camp. Zed Books Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350220942.ch-001.
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"Camp Urbanization and Humanitarian Entrepreneurship." In Precarious Urbanism, 52–77. Bristol University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv35chj1p.8.
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Bakonyi, Jutta, and Peter Chonka. "Camp Urbanization and Humanitarian Entrepreneurship." In Precarious Urbanism, 52–77. Bristol University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/9781529215250.ch003.
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Bakonyi, Jutta, and Peter Chonka. "Improvising Infrastructure: The Micropolitics of Camp Life." In Precarious Urbanism, 78–106. Bristol University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/9781529215250.ch004.
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Okretic, Gabrielle Astier de Villatte Wheatley, and Simone Bandeira de Souza. "POR UMA AGENDA PÚBLICA PERMANENTE NO CAMPO DOS ASSENTAMENTOS PRECÁRIOS." In Arquitetura e Urbanismo: Planejando e Edificando Espaços 2, 1–14. Atena Editora, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.4741910071.
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Valderrama, Ana, Renata Berta, César Sant' Ana, Marcelo Tironi, and Juan Manuel Serralunga. "ESCALA 1-1. Trayectos experimentales en el proceso proyectual." In Elementos da Arquitetura e Urbanismo – Volume 1. Editora Poisson, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36229/978-65-86127-22-5.cap.01.
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Balbi, Rafaela Santana, Carla Ariadna Torres Rocha, and Laysa Alves Rodrigues. "O uso da tectônica no processo de projetação: Como a relação com o sítio de implantação influencia na escolha dos materiais e sistemas construtivos ao longo da elaboração do projeto arquitetônico." In Elementos da Arquitetura e Urbanismo – Volume 1. Editora Poisson, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36229/978-65-86127-22-5.cap.02.
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Sant’Anna, Mariana Tealdi, and Vera Santana Luz. "Propostas conjunturais para problemas estruturais: Pico Colectivo." In Elementos da Arquitetura e Urbanismo – Volume 1. Editora Poisson, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36229/978-65-86127-22-5.cap.03.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Urbanised camp"
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Delclòs Alió, Lluís, Jordi Sardà Ferran, Federica Greco, and Panita Karamanea. "El Camp y otras ciudades. Una Ciudad-territorio reflejada en otras similares." In ISUF-h 2019 - CIUDAD COMPACTA VERSUS CIUDAD DIFUSA. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isufh2019.2019.9941.
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“El Camp és ciutat” (El Campo es ciudad), en referencia al Camp de Tarragona, fue el título que abría el prólogo de la “Guia d’Arquitectura del Camp”, publicada en 1996. Desde entonces, se ha insistido en la aseveración y en reconocer las propiedades y especificidades de esta especialísima Ciudad-territorio. El conocimiento se ha producido a través de estudios sectoriales -más que generales- y en cursos, tesinas y tesis; pero ninguna estructura de gobierno, planeamiento o control explicita la realidad objeto del presente estudio. Así identificaremos realidades urbanas similares al Camp y, desde la comparación de valores, déficits, referencias y ausencias, trataremos de observarlo mediante el reflejo de sus ciudades hermanas, para poder apuntar nuevas fórmulas de ordenación y gobierno. El Mediterráneo puede ser el nexo. Su clima y cultivos o un turismo en auge pero inestable que, instalado sobre la costa, compite con una industria altamente productiva. Deben ser ciudades de ciudades, policéntricas, mezclando viejo y nuevo, con jerarquías más implícitas que explícitas, con buenas comunicaciones, aeropuertos y puertos (casi siempre con refinerías de petróleo dentro) y que, sobre todo, estarán habituadas a convivir con el conflicto y a sacar partido de él. Nos proponemos comparar el Camp con el Campo de Cartagena, Taranto y Eleusis. Buscamos situaciones urbanas donde -sobre territorios de urbanidad antigua- las viejas y las nuevas ciudades asumen roles distintos, sin dejar de trabajar al unísono. Lugares donde fenómenos tan dispares como patrimonio, campo productivo, actividad industrial y desarrollo turístico compiten y comparten urbanidad y beneficio.
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Delclòs Alió, Lluís, Jordi Sardà Ferran, Federica Greco, and Panita Karamanea. "El Camp y otras ciudades. Una Ciudad-territorio reflejada en otras similares." In ISUF-h 2019 - CIUDAD COMPACTA VERSUS CIUDAD DIFUSA. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isufh2019.2020.9941.
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“El Camp és ciutat” (El Campo es ciudad), en referencia al Camp de Tarragona, fue el título que abría el prólogo de la “Guia d’Arquitectura del Camp”, publicada en 1996. Desde entonces, se ha insistido en la aseveración y en reconocer las propiedades y especificidades de esta especialísima Ciudad-territorio. El conocimiento se ha producido a través de estudios sectoriales -más que generales- y en cursos, tesinas y tesis; pero ninguna estructura de gobierno, planeamiento o control explicita la realidad objeto del presente estudio. Así identificaremos realidades urbanas similares al Camp y, desde la comparación de valores, déficits, referencias y ausencias, trataremos de observarlo mediante el reflejo de sus ciudades hermanas, para poder apuntar nuevas fórmulas de ordenación y gobierno. El Mediterráneo puede ser el nexo. Su clima y cultivos o un turismo en auge pero inestable que, instalado sobre la costa, compite con una industria altamente productiva. Deben ser ciudades de ciudades, policéntricas, mezclando viejo y nuevo, con jerarquías más implícitas que explícitas, con buenas comunicaciones, aeropuertos y puertos (casi siempre con refinerías de petróleo dentro) y que, sobre todo, estarán habituadas a convivir con el conflicto y a sacar partido de él. Nos proponemos comparar el Camp con el Campo de Cartagena, Taranto y Eleusis. Buscamos situaciones urbanas donde -sobre territorios de urbanidad antigua- las viejas y las nuevas ciudades asumen roles distintos, sin dejar de trabajar al unísono. Lugares donde fenómenos tan dispares como patrimonio, campo productivo, actividad industrial y desarrollo turístico compiten y comparten urbanidad y beneficio.
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Bustamante, Juana. "La vivienda y la fábrica: dos dispositivos claves de la cultura urbana en Córdoba entre 1945 y 1970." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5913.
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Nuestro objetivo es abordar el proceso de modernización urbana vinculándolo a la constitución del campo
disciplinar del urbanismo y verificar la aportación histórica de la industria y de los conjuntos planificados de
vivienda en la construcción de la ciudad. La vivienda y la fábrica constituyen dos dispositivos claves que
promueven proyectos desde el amplio campo del discurso higienista y las reglamentaciones que de él
derivan hasta las formulaciones del urbanismo moderno y su articulación con planes sectoriales de vivienda.
El complejo conjunto que abarca la problemática habitacional no puede ser desligado de las formas de
habitar, cuestión que supone la concurrencia de aspectos tecnológicos, arquitectónicos, sociales, culturales
y económicos. Analizar a la vivienda como un “dispositivo social”, atender a sus transformaciones y
dinámicas permite reconstruir la historia urbano-cultural de la ciudad, siempre inmersa en contextos más
amplios que hacen inteligible esos desarrollos. Our goal is approaching the modern urbanization process linking it to the constitution of the urbanism field
and verifying the historical industrial contribution along with the planned social dwelling in the construction of
the city. Dwelling and factory are two key pieces that promote projects from the broad field of hygienist
discourse and its own regulations to the formulations of the modern urbanism and its articulation with
housing sector plans. This whole complex covers housing problems that cannot be separated from inhabiting
issues, this implies taking into account technological, architectural, social, cultural and economic matters.
Analyzing the dwell as a “social device”, attending its own transformations and dynamics allow us to
reconstruct the urban-cultural history of the city, always embedded into wider contexts that make the
developments more intelligible.
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Alfayyad, Mohammed. "Earthen Domes as an Economical and Sustainable Alternative to the Refugees' Camps in the Northern Region of Syria." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021160n1.
Full textAbstract:
As a result of the years-long conflict in Syria, many Syrians have been forced to move to safer areas near the Syrian-Turkish border in the north. As a result of the deteriorating economic conditions, the displaced people are forced to live in tents in camps that lack the basic needs of human beings. In addition, these camps did not protect the residents from the severe weather conditions in summer and winter. This paper proposes a sustainable economic solution by building special earthen domes that provide independence and social interactions between the residents of the camp. The solution presents different architectural models that are adapted to the needs of the displaced and provide thermal insulation and consider the economic and social aspects by relying on earth in providing the building materials. The displaced may participate in building their own houses in a way that secures decent life.
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Alcantar, Erika Angélica. "Modernidad para las masas: dos formas de producir ciudad en México (1952-1976)." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Bogotá: Universidad Piloto de Colombia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.10251.
Full textAbstract:
During the 20th century in Mexico, two types of producing the city were in constant tension: the rationalist city and the popular city. The first of these, configured institutions from the first decades of the twentieth century. At the same time, the "informal city" was also developing, which grew more rapidly and proportionally from the 1940s onwards. The tension between these two visions of the city or urban cultures can be traced from the projects, testimonies and ideologies of its different actors. In this paper we propose to analyze some key discourses and ideas of these two ways of making the city between 1952 and 1976, in order to evidence a high point of the tension between rationalist and popular urban cultures, during a period in which modern urbanism became a state urbanism and the popular city shaped the Metropolitan Zone of Mexico City. It also seeks to vindicate popular urban culture as a category of analysis belonging to the history of urbanisms in Mexico.
Key words: Mexico, rationalism, popular urbanism, Mexico City.
Durante el siglo XX en México, dos tipos de producir la ciudad estuvieron en constante tensión: la ciudad racionalista y la ciudad popular. La primera de ellas ingresó al campo académico desde la década de 1920 gracias a figuras reconocidas en el campo de la arquitectura como Carlos Contreras, miembro de la Federación Internacional de Planificación y asistente de conferencias internacionales de planificación. Este movimiento se consolidó con la Comisión de Planificación del Distrito Federal. Posteriormente el Movimiento Moderno penetró en México, de la mano de algunos arquitectos como Juan O’Gorman y con los proyectos de vivienda masiva de Mario Pani, quien se consideró seguidor y admirador de Le Corbusier, personaje clave de los CIAM. Paralelamente, desde la década de 1940 la "ciudad informal" creció más rápido y proporcionalmente en las principales ciudades mexicanas, gracias a las oleadas migratorias de los pobres del campo que buscaban fuentes de empleo en los centros industriales en apogeo. La llamada "Herradura de tugurios" y las "colonias populares" en la periferia de la Ciudad de México se convirtieron en una preocupación hacia fines de la década de 1960 cuando la capital mexicana duplicó su población y se convirtió en una ciudad masiva. La tensión de estas dos visiones de ciudad o culturas urbanísticas se puede rastrear a partir de los proyectos y testimonios de diferentes arquitectos, que conformaban cuadros de técnicos en organismos gubernamentales y redactaban informes, acuerdos y contribuían a configurar la normativa urbana en vigencia; asimismo, este grupo de profesionales también formaba cuadros en las universidades mexicanas y redactaba libros de texto para el mismo propósito. De esta manera, el gremio de los arquitectos que prescribieron una forma de vida moderna. Por otro lado estaban otros profesionales como sociólogos, antropólogos y otro grupo de arquitectos, que buscaban entender por qué los pobres vivían como vivían y denunciaban el abandono en el que los tenía el Estado. Ellos denunciaron sobre todo en la prensa y la fotografía las condiciones de vida de los pobres urbanos. En este trabajo se propone analizar mediante la historia urbana cultural algunos elementos clave de estas dos formas de hacer ciudad entre 1952 y 1976, período en el que el urbanismo moderno se conviertió en un urbanismo estatal en México y la ciudad popular se expandió conformando la periferia de lo que hoy se conoce como la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México, mediante ocupaciones ilegales de tierras, compra-venta legal e ilegal de lotes sin urbanizar, procesos autogestivos de vivienda y de urbanización colectiva. Estos elementos se revisan a través de las propuestas de la historia urbana, la historia de las ideas y la hermenéutica analógica; a saber, se identifican y analizan las ideas y teorías, planes y proyectos, intervenciones y normativas que intentan dar respuesta a ¿Cómo se relacionan estos dos tipos de ciudad? Asimismo, se realiza una revisión hemerográfica y de archivo, del análisis del discurso de arquitectos de la época en testimonios orales y escritos, así como de agentes de las ciencias sociales y de la población que llevó a cabo sus propios procesos de urbanización popular. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la tensión que existió durante entre 1952 y 1976 entre dos formas de pensar la ciudad en México por sus actores y la materialización de distintos proyectos, en este periodo en donde se transita de la idea de la ciudad moderna y sus procesos de renovación hacia una metrópolis de masas.
Palabras clave: México, racionalismo, urbanismo popular, Ciudad de México.
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Arráez Monllor, Pablo. "Máquinas para la producción del espacio: los diagramas como herramientas del planeamiento relacional." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6150.
Full textAbstract:
No habitamos ciudades sino territorios, la ciudad-territorio que no es árbol, sino rizoma, sistema que produce lo múltiple, extensión superficial ramificada en todas direcciones (redes) que, en sus zonas de intensidad, genera concreciones (nodos, centralidades).
¿Cómo articular esta ciudad que se expande indefinida e improgramablemente? Quizás desde un urbanismo cuyo objetivo no sea la representación de la Idea, sino la producción inmanente de espacio dotado de sentido. Urbanismo al servicio de la expresión de la subjetividad a través de códigos ecológicos proyectados sobre el territorio para garantizar la sostenibilidad de sus potenciales.
Se investiga así un planeamiento cuyo papel es la modelización del campo de juego: Establecer trazados diagramáticos entendidos como expresión gráfica y procedimental para dotar de infraestructura relacional a la ciudad contemporánea. Diagramas que son el resultado de un debilitamiento de su clásica armazón geométrica, en beneficio de lógicas integradoras de las tres ecologías (medioambiental, social y mental). We do not habit cities, but territories, the city-territory that is not a tree but rhizome, a system that produce the multiplicity, a superficial extension bifurcated in all directions (networks) that, in its zones of intensity, generates concretions (nodes, centralities).
How can we articulate this city that grows undefined and with no program? Perhaps with an urbanism which aiming not to the representation of the Idea, but to the immanent production of space and sense. Urbanism for the expression of the subjectivity through ecological codes projected on the territories, to ensure the sostenibility of their potentialities.
Thereby, that investigation is about a planning whose role is the modelization of the field, to define diagramatic outlines as graphics and procedimental expression for outfit of relational infrastructure to the contemporary city. Diagrams which result of the weakening of their classic geometric structure, for the integration of the environmental, social and mental ecologies.
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Ecker, Vivian Dall'lgna, and Nelson Popini Vaz. "A evolução histórica de campi universitários - estudo de caso do Campus da UFSC." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6354.
Full textAbstract:
Este artigo versará sobre a evolução histórica do conceito de campus universitário, apresentando as principais referências que orientaram a definição atualmente empregada nas universidades brasileiras. Neste momento em que projetos urbanos de maior envergadura, frequentemente denominados como operações urbanas, passam a exercer maior influência no processo de urbanização, julga-se importante promover o conhecimento e o debate acerca de intervenções urbanas em escala compatível à deste procedimento urbanístico. Este artigo estrutura-se em três tópicos de abordagem. Inicialmente, será apresentada a origem e evolução histórica do conceito, tendo-se, nos padrões europeus e norte-americanos, as principais referências. A seguir, serão apresentadas as políticas que orientaram a implementação de campi no Brasil, quando se intensificaram investimentos na educação superior do país, e descritas as características da configuração espacial dos campi naquele período. Por fim, será apresentado o Campus da UFSC, considerado um marco histórico do período modernista, cuja configuração espacial possui importantes valores socioambientais. This article will focus on the historical evolution of the university campus concept, considering the main references that guided the definition currently used in brazilian universities. At a time when projects of larger scale, often referred as urban operations, begin to exert greater influence in the urbanization process, it is important to promote knowledge about interventions on a scale compatible with this urban procedure. This article is structured in three main topics. Initially, it will be presented the origin and historical evolution of the concept, having at the european and north american standards, its main references. Then, it will be presented both the policies, that guided the implementation of campuses in Brazil, and the campuses spatial configuration, when there were intensive investments in higher education in the country. Finally, it will be introduced the Campus of UFSC, considered a landmark of modernist period, whose spatial configuration has important environmental values.
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Monleón Balanzá, Daniel. "La formación del paisaje periurbano: caracterización visual de los bordes urbanos en el Área Metropolitana de Valencia." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6099.
Full textAbstract:
En la pasada edición del VI Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo de Barcelona, se presentó la Comunicación titulada “Patrones caracterizadores de la forma periurbana. Parametrización de la relación huerta-ciudad en el Área Metropolitana de Valencia”, en la que se proponía recuperar la disciplina del Urban Design, como práctica instrumental capaz de hacerse cargo de la forma de la ciudad en los procesos de planificación urbana y, en particular, en la áreas periurbanas. Con este propósito, se definieron una serie de patrones caracterizadores de la forma periurbana, a partir de variables que intervienen en la configuración de las áreas de borde urbano y que nos permitiesen evaluar la idoneidad de la relación huerta ciudad. Dichos patrones centraron la mirada desde la ciudad hacia el campo, evaluando propiedades de los bordes urbanos tales como: Interpenetración campo-ciudad, transitabilidad peatonal, permeabilidad, conectividad campo-ciudad, relación visual y nitidez geométrica. En esta segunda fase, vamos a centrar la mirada desde el campo hacia la ciudad, evaluando las variables de visibilidad e integración paisajística. The paper "Characterizing patterns of peri-urban form. Configuring the relationship between the agriculture fields (Huerta) and the city in the metropolitan area of Valencia" was presented in the last edition (VIth) of the International Research Seminar on Urbanism of Barcelona. This work proposes to reclaim the discipline of Urban Design, as being the instrumental practice capable of taking charge of the shape of the city in the urban planning processes concerning peri-urban areas. To this end, a series of characterizing patterns of peri-urban forms were defined, These patterns are based on variables involved in shaping urban edge areas, allowing also to evaluate the suitability of the open fields and the city relationship. They were fixed from an urban perspective, considering properties of the urban edges such as: rural-urban interpenetration, walkability, permeability, rural-urban connectivity, visual relationship and geometric sharpness. In this second phase we will analyze the landscape factors, from the rural to the urban direction, evaluating the variables of visibility and landscape integration.
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Quintella, Ivvy Pedrosa Cavalcante Pessôa. "A concepção da forma urbana na escola francesa de urbanismo: rupturas e continuidades." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6252.
Full textAbstract:
Até recentemente, a historiografia do urbanismo dedicada ao século XX privilegiou seu enfoque no relato do
modernismo funcionalista propagado pelos C.I.A.M. Obscureceu-se a contribuição da “Escola francesa de
urbanismo”, malgrado sua posição de destaque na constituição do campo disciplinar. Essa escola irá
perpetuar a maior parte dos princípios compositivos da arte urbana, mas diante de novos desafios: conjugálos
às demandas da modernidade e à cientificidade disciplinar. Este estudo propõe-se a observar as
estratégias de concepção da forma nos planos urbanísticos dessa escola, buscando identificar as rupturas e
continuidades com a tradição. Na presente comunicação, buscou-se discutir o salto que marcou a projeção
dos atores da Escola Francesa para além da École des Beaux-arts, consolidando-os como urbanistas de
renome internacional. Foram apresentados e discutidos os três projetos que inauguraram o sucesso dessa
escola em concursos internacionais de urbanismo: Barcelona, por Léon Jaussey; Anvers, por Henri Prost;
Camberra, por Alfred Agache. Until recently, the history of urbanism devoted to the nineteenth century focused on functionalist modernism
propagated by C.I.A.M. These contributions darkened the "French school of urban planning", despite its
prominent position in the constitution of the disciplinary field. This school will perpetuate most of the
compositional principles of urban art, but facing new challenges: conjugating them to the demands of
modernity and disciplinary scientific. This study aims to observe the design strategies on the urban plans of
this school, seeking to identify the ruptures and continuities with the tradition. In this communication, we
attempted to discuss the moment that marked the projection of the actors of the French School in addition to
the École des Beaux Arts, consolidating them as internationally renowned urban planners. They were
presented and discussed three projects that inaugurated the success of this school in international urban
planning competitions: Barcelona, by Léon Jaussey; Anvers, by Henri Prost; Canberra by Alfred Agache.
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Gómez Nieto, Alicia. "Estudio de la complejidad en procesos urbanos emergentes: regeneración urbana de espacios vacantes a través de procesos informales." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6101.
Full textAbstract:
Esta investigación examina la capacidad del planeamiento urbanístico para dar cabida a sistemas emergentes de gestión urbana. El objetivo de este artículo es describir estos procedimientos y establecer si los casos de estudio (asociados a la gestión alternativa de espacio público) se producen bajos nuevos sistemas de gestión. Para lograr este objetivo, hemos tratado de hacer un recorrido exhaustivo por diversas experiencias alternativas de gestión urbana, para proporcionar principios sólidos para idear nuevas formas de gestión urbana. Los casos de estudio son Esta es una Plaza, el Campo de Cebada y La Tabacalera, en Madrid. Así, el objetivo no es clasificar las intervenciones informales más importantes en materia urbana, sino descubrir su estructura, un orden para el desorden, una taxonomía de esos procedimientos que permita reformular las formas existentes de la gestión pública. This research examines the ability of urban planning to accommodate emerging urban management systems. The objective of this thesis is to describe these procedures and establish how such studied cases (associated to alternative management of public space) occur or not under these concepts. To achieve this goal, we have tried to make an exhaustive journey through diverse experiences of current altered mode of urban management to provide solid principles to devise new forms of urban management. The cases studied are Esta es una Plaza, Campo de Cebada and La Tabacalera, in Madrid. Therefore, the goal is not to classify the most important interventions in urban matters, but to discover a structure, an order for the disorder, a taxonomy in those proceedings to allow reformulate existing forms of public management.