Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urban waterways'

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2006.
"June 2006."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-169).
Urban, industrial waterways-with their contamination, environmental injustice, and nebulous development futures given changing economies-present multiple problems that are confronted by environmental civil society organizations. Despite the many problems, these groups view urban waterways as some of the last available open space in the city and as potential public amenities and natural resources that merit revitalization. This work focuses on the means by which citizen groups and nonprofit organizations-which are often in positions of relatively less power and authority vis-h-vis public and private actors-attempt to engage, be heard, and leverage influence over decision-making on and end use of three New York City river resources. Depending on the situation and the groups involved, strategies rooted in conflict or collaboration rise to the fore. Civil society organizations select from "insider" strategies based on cooperation with government, "outsider" strategies that depend upon advocacy and pressure tactics directed towards either government or the private sector, and "independent" strategies like stewardship, education, and environmental monitoring that engage with the resource, regardless of the political and policy context.
(cont.) To understand the selection and efficacy of strategies in general and alliance-building in specific, this thesis examines the following questions: 1) how do internal and external factors shape the strategies that civil society actors select as they seek to engage in the protection of urban industrial waterways?; 2) to what extent and for what reasons are civil society actors pursuing collaboration and coalition building as a preferred strategy? and 3) what environmental and social outcomes are achieved as a consequence of different strategic approaches? To address these questions I conducted case studies of the Bronx River, the Newtown Creek, and the Gowanus Canal. As a comparative study, tis thesis reveals that the complex challenges of restoration in the urban environment require equally complex solutions. There is no one single, prescriptive approach that will yield more successful environmental and social outcomes. Strategies are products of resource constraints, political opportunities, community contexts, and deeply embedded group ideologies. While groups have a dominant strategy, they can shift and evolve over time in response to different triggers.
(cont.) For all of the benefits of this pluralism, cooperation is the strategy that can serve to bring the most resources to bear for long term planning and revitalization. Coalition building requires divergent ideologies to be aligned and find common ground, and it is a deliberate process that requires entrepreneurial leadership by both citizens and public servants.
by Lindsay Kathleen Campbell.
M.C.P.

1. M. Janjevic, A. Ndiaye (2014). Inland Waterways Transport For City Logistics: A Review Of Experiences And The Role Of Local Public Authorities. WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, №138, p. 279–290. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2495/UT140241 (Date of appeal: 09.03.2021). 2. Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport (2011). White paper on transport. Roadmap to a single European transport area: towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system, Office of the Official Publications of the European Union, Luxembourg, 32 p. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2832/30955. (Date of appeal: 09.03.2021). 3. D. Diziain, E. Taniguchi, L. Dablanc (2014). Urban Logistics by Rail and Waterways in France and Japan. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, №125, p. 159-170. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1464. (Date of appeal: 09.03.2021). 4. Roosmale Nepveu, M. J. (2020). Implementing urban waterway transport as a sustainable freight transport solution: A case study for the city of Amsterdam. Available at: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bb6a74ab-81e3-4cb8-808f-a87617ca9a2f (Date of appeal: 09.03.2021).
Effective organization of urban logistics is extremely important in terms of the constant growth of the population of cities. The existing infrastructure does not always cope with increasing traffic. As a result, there are problems with road congestions and the entrance of freight transport in many cities around the world. At the same time, inland waterways transport is not considered a suitable and obvious mode. However, it provides exceptional benefits in the handling of smaller deliveries within the network of city waterways, like opportunities for intermodal integration or being environmentally friendly.
Ефективна організація міської логістики надзвичайно важлива з точки зору постійного зростання населення міст. Існуюча інфраструктура не завжди справляється зі збільшенням трафіку. Як результат, у багатьох містах світу є проблеми із заторами на дорогах та в’їздом вантажного транспорту. У той же час транспорт на внутрішніх водних шляхах не вважається придатним і очевидним видом. Однак це забезпечує виняткові переваги при обробці менших поставок у мережі міських водних шляхів, таких як можливості інтермодальної інтеграції або екологічність.

Bayou St. John (BSJ) and City Park Lakes and Lagoons (CPLL) are urban waterways in New Orleans, Louisiana. I studied habitat selection of red drum in BSJ, and fish assemblage change in BSJ and CPLL over 40 years. Temperature was found to be the best predictor of red drum habitat selection in Bayou St. John, while salinity and change in depth also were found to be good predictors for certain sites. Potential prey item abundance did not appear to influence habitat selection. Using data from 1971 – 2010, nearshore habitats in CPLL were affected by Hurricane Katrina, but have sense recovered and nearshore habitats in BSJ were found to have decreased diversity. Pelagic habitats in both areas were found stable across 40 years. Since 2006, nearshore assemblages were similar for CPLL and BSJ with a decrease in fishes from Order: Cyprinodontiformes and an increase in other fishes seen across years.

Seen from abroad, Tokyo appears as a huge, vibrant metropolis where 21st-century Japan meets the traditional side of the country. Tokyo´s skyline is a diverse jumble of traditional houses and shrines, and modern architecture from skyscrapers of glass to 1970´s living capsules. Since the beginning, Tokyo has had great prerequisites for creating a city with amazing urban environment. Water was the first reason for people to settle down in Tokyo Bay. During Edo period (1603 – 1867), Tokyo was always described as a picturesque city with well-planned hydrology and a harmonic relationship with nature. With its canals full of water, it was a city comparable to Venice. The distribution and exchange relied almost entirely on water transport. With the expansion of the city, the water system had to be upgraded, which led to creating a complex network of waterways. Unlike in Western countries, where the economic, social and cultural life of the city developed around rather formal places as plazas and squares, in Japan, the lifeblood of the city developed in close connection with the water and nature. These places, also known as “meisho” (名所, lit. “famous places”) used to be linear open structures such as streets, river shores and bridges. During the transformation of Tokyo into a modern capital, the city cut many ties with the past. The unused canals suddenly became redundant and started belonging to the “wrong” side of the city. By the 1980s, many of the waterways were so polluted that the government began filling them up or covering them with elevated highways in preparation for the 1964 Tokyo Olympics. The modernization and its transformation also meant that most of the network of “meisho” and greenery have disappeared. “From dameisho to meisho” is inspired by series of woodblock prints “One Hundred Famous Views of Edo” (名所江戸百景, Meisho Edo Hyakkei) completed by the Japanese artist Hiroshige Ando (1797–1858), depicting a matrix of famous public spaces in Tokyo. My project examines the possibilities of recasting “meisho”, a spatial representation in Japanese culture, into a new, modern context via editing different layers of the city and its fabric. It explores linear, thread-like spaces such as Edo waterways, its transformations roads, as well as recently built elevated highways in order to search for contaminations and new collaborations, unexpected conditions and create new, green urban stitches. As one of the tackling tools, the project also looks at demographic trends shaping Japan and benefits from aging society and shrinking Japanese population. Last but not least I investigate ways of graphical reinterpretation of the series of woodblock prints using Tokyo and its new “meisho” spaces as a rolemodel.

Urban developments directly modify significant areas of the earth's surface. This modification greatly affects the components of the hydrological cycle and consequently the process of erosion and sedimentation. The removal of vegetation and the increase in impervious cover leads to a decrease in infiltration and hence an increase in surface runoff The urban population acts as a driving force which changes the landscape and the hydrological cycle of the area, while increasing the demand for natural and water related environments. For the population living in the immediate vicinity, these environments provide a recreational facility, a refuge for wild life and also open space and vegetation to mitigate air and noise pollution. Therefore planners and engineers should adopt less artificial measures to arrest the deterioration of urban streams and their corridors. In this context natural urban waterway design is finding increasing favour with the engineering profession, the public, and planners. The Natural Urban Waterway Design method aims to design a stable channel which looks natural, consisting of meanders, pools and riffles ·with bank stability provided by suitable riparian vegetation which also provides diverse habitats for flora and fauna. The regime relationships originally developed for irrigation channels in India have been shown to be suitable for application to natural streams. These empirical relationships are not universal, because their applicability depends on the climatic, geologic and vegetation characteristics of the catchment, and must be calibrated so as to account for the catchment geological and hydrological characteristics before using them in a design method. Two creeks within the Brisbane City Council area, Australia, were selected as part of the study. Both streams have fairly stable natural cross-sections and are located within catchments whose degree of urbanisation is quite low. Historical information was available for these creeks in the form of aerial photographs. The detailed crosssections and flood frequency information which was used were the result of recent flood studies undertaken by the Brisbane City Council, Australia. In this study regime type relationships for mobile sand bed and gravel bed streams in a sub-tropical humid type climate are derived. The variations of hydraulic characteristics such as width, depth, area, slope and velocity with bankfull discharge are compared with the regime relationships presented in the published literature. The gravel bed stream data showed good agreement with the published literature for gravel bed streams. The sand bed stream, on the otherhand, showed similar slopes to the trend lines for sand bed streams, but the data occupies a much higher position than the published studies for such beds. The difference in position is discussed. Bankfull discharges and their probabilities of occurrence were derived for these creeks. It is found that the sand bed stream has a lower average recurrence interval of bankfull discharge compared to the gravel bed stream. The effect of bank vegetation on the channel parameters is also discussed. In this study regime equations were calibrated to account for the geological, hydrological and vegetational characteristics of the streams. The results demonstrates the viability of using the regime relationships for the prediction of stable channel properties for natural urban waterway design. Useful recommendations that can be used in the design of such streams are also provided in the conclusions.

L'histoire de Metz est, au Moyen Âge, indissociable de celle de ses cours d'eau. La première partie porte sur les relations étroites qui unissent la cité, la Moselle et la Seille. La ville est tout d'abord replacée dans son environnement fluvial. Son développement est reconsidéré sous l'angle des interactions avec la dynamique fluviale. Les formes multiples et intensives d'exploitation du milieu fluvial, pourvoyeur de ressources, sont ensuite évoquées. Elles impliquent de nombreux aménagements du cours d'eau et de ses berges qui transforment le paysage riverain. Les rivières constituent malgré tout, à travers des phénomènes extrêmes comme les crues ou les débâcles, un facteur de vulnérabilité pour la ville. Au-delà de l'adaptation de la société à ces phénomènes, les actions et les aménagements anthropiques peuvent être également envisagés comme des facteurs aggravants.Les enjeux, les défis et les rivalités liées à la maîtrise et à la gestion de la rivière sont au coeur de la deuxième partie. Ils se manifestent dans des domaines aussi divers que le franchissement des cours d'eau, le contrôle du trafic fluvial, l'encadrement de la pêche, la gestion des moulins, ou encore la défense de la cité. L'affirmation du pouvoir municipal, qui s'illustre par des mesures législatives et politiques, mais aussi par une implication croissante dans les affaires et les conflits liés aux cours d'eau, constitue un fil conducteur incontournable.La troisième partie aborde les relations entre les Messins et leurs rivières sous l'angle social et culturel. Au-delà des métiers étroitement liés au cours d?eau, comme les pêcheurs et les bateliers, ou des habitants des quartiers riverains, se dessine une véritable culture de la rivière partagée par une grande partie de la société messine. Elle passe par l'expérience, la perception et la connaissance des cours d'eau, et laisse une trace dans les domaines de la littérature, de la religion, de la symbolique ou de la justice
The history of Metz in the Middle Ages is closely linked to the rivers that run through it. The first part focuses on the close relationship between the city, the Moselle river and the Seille river, which are tightly entwined. The town is first portrayed in relation to its fluvial environment. Its development is reconsidered in the light of its interactions with the river dynamics. The various and intensive forms of exploitation of the river environment which provides resources are then tackled. Many changes are made to the watercourse and the banks of the rivers, which in turns transforms the local landscape. Through extreme phenomena such as floods or debacles, rivers are however a cause for vulnerability for the city. The anthropic actions and alterations are not just the adaptation of society to these phenomena, they can also be seen as aggravating factors.The second part explores the stakes, challenges and rivalries connected to the rivers control and management. They concern river crossing, inland navigation, fishing regulations, mills management or even the defence of the city. The way municipal power asserts itself, through political and legislative measures but also a growing involvement in river matters and conflicts, can be seen as a central issue.The third part discusses the relationship between the inhabitants and the rivers from a social and cultural point of view. A real river culture emerges, not only reserved to the nearby residents nor to trades such as fishermen or boatmen. The largest part of the population shares experience, perception and knowledge of rivers, expressed through literature, religion, symbolism or justice

La recherche propose d’interroger ce qui lie et qui a pu un jour lier Paris à ses canaux, afin d’alimenter et d’élargir les réflexions actuelles sur les problématiques urbaines et sur la définition des modes et temps de constitution de la ville, soit de comprendre les liens entre ville et infrastructure.À travers l’étude de la forme du paysage et du tissu rural et urbain, des projets, des acteurs privés et publics, des activités et des usages et, enfin, des représentations, le rôle et la place tenus par les canaux parisiens, destinés au transport de marchandises et à l’adduction d’eau, sont appréhendés, permettant ainsi de saisir, dans le temps, la complexité des processus de constitution et d’évolution de l’espace urbain à Paris, révélant, à l’échelle locale et à l’échelle territoriale, au gré des questions posées, les relations entre ville et canal au XIXème siècle.Dans un premier temps, pourquoi la capitale a-t-elle besoin de canaux ? Quelles sont les conditions de leurs implantations ? Quelles sont les spécificités de cette infrastructure ? Quel est son tracé ? Comment les canaux se sont-ils surimposés aux territoires ? Quels paysages ont-ils fabriqués ? Sont-ils un embellissement et un monument pour le territoire et/ou une coupure dans les tissus existants ? Par rapport à ces questions, nous essayons de comprendre comment les canaux parisiens se sont inscrits dans le territoire.Dans un second temps, pourquoi des entrepôts sont-ils construits le long des voies d’eau ? De quels types sont-ils ? Y-a-t-il une distinction entre ceux établis à Paris et ceux réalisés à La Villette ? Quelles transformations engendrent-ils ? Quelle place tiennent-ils dans le développement industriel et commercial de la capitale ? De plus, comment le territoire s’urbanise-t-il aux abords des infrastructures ? Par rapport à ces questions, nous tentons de montrer comment la ville s’est adaptée aux canaux parisiens.Dans un troisième temps, pourquoi est-il décidé de couvrir une partie du canal Saint-Martin sous le Second Empire ? Quels sont les impacts de cette couverture sur le transport de marchandises et l’activité industrielle bordant la voie d’eau ? Comment les trames viaire et parcellaire évoluent-elles ? Des projets, liés au service de l’infrastructure et/ou de la ville, apparaissent-ils ? Alors qu’une partie du canal Saint-Martin est recouvert et que la commune de La Villette est rattachée à la capitale, pourquoi des travaux de modernisation des canaux de l’Ourcq et Saint-Denis sont-ils entrepris ? Quels aménagements sont réalisés ? Comment le territoire traversé par l’infrastructure évolue-t-il ? Par rapport à ces questions, nous essayons de mesurer comment les canaux parisiens se sont intégrés à la ville.Nous tentons donc de comprendre comment les canaux parisiens, grands ouvrages à vocation industrielle, se sont inscrits dans le territoire ; comment la ville s’est adaptée à cette infrastructure et comment cette dernière s’est intégrée à Paris. Nous essayons de montrer que de leur création à la fin du XIXème siècle (1818-1876), qu’ils servent au transport de marchandises ou à l’adduction d’eau, qu’ils soient à l’air libre ou recouverts, les canaux ont exercé une influence forte sur la formation de la ville qu’ils traversent ; ils peuvent ainsi être considérés comme des éléments fondateurs de l’espace urbain à leurs abords.Visant à construire un objet historique, en analysant la pluralité des relations entre Paris et ses canaux au cours du XIXème siècle, la thèse souhaite mener une enquête à partir de questionnements divers qui empruntent à plusieurs disciplines, s’attachant aux questions des formes, des usages et des représentations. Outil de réflexion visant à une meilleure compréhension des liens entre ville et infrastructure, elle souhaite apporter des pistes de réflexions face aux interrogations actuelles sur les possibilités de tirer profit de leur présence et sur la manière dont peuvent ou pourraient se reconstituer leurs abords
This research proposes to investigate the comprehensive set of past and present relations between Paris and its canals, in order to fuel and expand the current reflection on urban issues and the definition of the specific modes and temporalities at stake in the formation of the city, allowing one to understand the links between city and infrastructure.Through the study of a broad scope of themes, from landscape to the form of urban or rural fabric; to projects, private and public actors, acjavascript:nouvelleZone('abstract');_ajtAbstract('abstract');tivities and uses; to their representation; this study seeks to understand the role played by the canals and their place in Paris, as a means for both the transportation of merchandise and the supply of water, in order to grasp the complexity of the evolution and processes of formation of Parisian urban spaces over time, thus revealing at both local and territorial scale the relations between city and canal during the XIXth century.Firstly, we will focus on the need for canals in Paris, capital of France. What are the conditions governing their position? What is specific about this infrastructure and its layout? How are the waterways superimposed upon the urban territory, and what landscape do they generate? Are they a form of territorial embellishment and monument, and/or an incision in the existing urban fabric? With regard to these questions, we will try to understand how Parisian waterways are inscribed in this territory.Secondly, why are the warehouses built along the waterways? Of what type are they? Is there any differentiation between those established in Paris and those in La Villette? What kind of transformation are they generating? What is their place in the industrial and commercial development of the capital? Furthermore, how are the adjacent areas to the waterways urbanized? In relation to these issues, we will try to demonstrate how the city has adapted to the Parisian canals.Thirdly, why has the decision been made to cover a segment of Canal Saint-Martin during the Second Empire? How does this covering impact freight transportation and industrial activity along the waterway? How does the street systems and lot configurations evolve? Are any projects linked to this infrastructure and/or the city, coming up? Why are modernization projects for both canals of Ourcq and Saint-Denis undertaken while a length of the Saint-Martin canal is covered and the town of La Villette is annexed to Paris? What was the scope of work for these projects? How does the territory traversed by the infrastructure evolve? In this regard, we will attempt to measure how the Parisian canals were integrated to the city.We will try to understand how the Parisian canals, as large works of civil and industrial engineering, are inscribed within its territory, how the city adapts to this infrastructure and, inversely, how it adapts to the city. We will try demonstrate that, since their creation at the end of the XIXth century (1818-1876), canals have strongly influenced the urban formation of the cities from which they were excavated, whether used for the transportation of merchandise or water supply, whether open-air or covered. These canals can thus be considered as founding elements for their surrounding urban spaces.Through an analysis of the plurality of relations between Paris and its canals along the XIXth century, this thesis aims to construct an historical object. As an investigation starting from various issues borrowing from multiple disciplines, it focuses on the questions of form, use and representation. As a tool of reflexion intended to foster a greater understanding of the links between city and infrastructure, it seeks to bring new perspectives to the current issues of existing infrastructure and develop strategies, which exploit their presence within urban fabric, and the ways in which their edges and surroundings could be reconstituted

O presente trabalho se enquadra na visão de projeto como pesquisa e desenvolve a arquitetura do programa de uma cidade fluvial a ser implantada no leito maior do ribeirão da Vargem Grande e do Sorocamirim, rios que fazem a divisa entre os municípios de Ibiúna, São Roque e Vargem Grande Paulista e estão situados na subbacia hidrográfica do Alto Sorocaba, gerenciada pelo Comitê de Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Sorocaba e Médio Tietê. A partir da tríade programa, lugar e construção, é feito um ensaio projetual que serve à abordagem de conceitos como urbanismo lento e rua viva. A Cidade-Canal de Ibiúna é uma cidade linear de 25km construída ao longo de um sistema de lagos-canais que, em grande parte do percurso, preserva o curso do leito menor do rio Sorocamirim e do ribeirão da Vargem Grande. A Cidade-Canal faz contraponto à cidade rodoviarista e propõe uma nova temporalidade ao estruturar-se em torno da presença material da água na vida cotidiana de seus habitantes e do espaço da várzea como paisagem urbana. Um sistema de parques fluviais é criado com o objetivo de recuperar a mata ciliar nativa e garantir a oferta hídrica para funcionamento das infraestruturas hidráulicas dentro da lógica do uso múltiplo das águas. O canal artificial de navegação é uma hidrovia urbana. Potencialmente, a Hidrovia do Alto Sorocaba, como parte da Hidrovia do Alto-Médio Tietê, poderia fazer a interligação entre a rede hidroviária do Alto Tietê (Hidroanel Metropolitano) e a Hidrovia Tietê-Paraná ao vencer um divisor de águas e um desnível líquido total de 183m entre os munícipios de Santana do Parnaíba e Salto. Porém, diante das dificuldades físico-territoriais e operacionais de um sistema tão complexo, o potencial mais promissor da Hidrovia do Sorocaba é o de conectar, ao longo de seus cerca de 200km, uma série de outras estruturas urbanas de modo a conformar uma rede de cidades-fluviais modelo. Esta pesquisa se alinha aos interesses do Grupo Metrópole Fluvial (GMF), pertencente ao Laboratório de Projeto do Departamento de Projeto (LabProj) da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo (FAU USP) e visa difundir a cultura de projeto de arquitetura de infraestruturas urbanas fluviais.
This work pertains to the vision of project as research and elaborates the architecture of the program of a fluvial city to be set up in the larger riverbed of Vargem Grande creek and Sorocamirim river, that divide the municipalities of Ibiúna, São Roque, and Vargem Grande Paulista and are situated in the Alto Sorocaba hydrographic subbasin, managed by the Hydrographic Basin Committee of the Sorocaba and Médio Tietê rivers. Based on the triad \"program, place, and construction\", a project essay is made to approach concepts such as slow urbanism and living street. Ibiúna Canal-City is a linear city of 25km built alongside a system of canal lakes that, in a long stretch of its trajectory, preserves the course of the smaller riverbeds of the Sorocamirim river and the Vargem Grande creek. The canal-city is a counterpoint to the motorway city and proposes a new temporality structured around the material presence of water in the daily life of the inhabitants and of the space of the marshes as an urban landscape. A system of fluvial parks is created with the goal of restoring the native ciliary woods and guaranteeing the hydric offer for the operation of the hydraulic infrastructures within the logic of the multiple usages of the waters. The artificial navigation canal is an urban waterway. The Alto Sorocaba Waterway, as part of the Alto-Médio Tietê Waterway, could potentially make the connection between the Alto Tietê waterway network (Metropolitan Waterway Ring) and the Tietê-Paraná Waterway, bridging a watershed and a total liquid elevation of 183m between the municipalities of Santana de Parnaíba and Salto. However, given the physical, territorial, and operational difficulties of such a complex system, the most promising potential of the Sorocaba Waterway is to connect, along its approximately 200km, a series of other urban structures so as to form a network of model fluvial cities. This research is aligned with the interests of the Fluvial Metropolis Group (GMF), that belongs to the Project Laboratory of the Project Department (LabProj) of the Architecture and Urbanism School of the University of São Paulo (FAU USP), and it aims at disseminating the culture of the architecture project of urban fluvial infrastructures.

O trabalho considera a relação da Hidrovia Paraguai-Paraná-Prata com o espaço urbano latino-americano circundante. Essa hidrovia, apesar de ter estruturado a rede de cidades da região, gerou muitos conflitos geopolíticos, principalmente entre Brasil e Argentina, e questões macroeconômicas entre os cinco países envolvidos que não contemplam aspectos da realidade das populações ribeirinhas e dos espaços que habitam. O núcleo deste trabalho é a pesquisa realizada, ao longo de toda a extensão da hidrovia, por intermédio da qual foi possível observar o aproveitamento que as próprias cidades ribeirinhas fazem dos recursos fluviais. No trabalho são apresentados: o contexto geopolítico da hidrovia Paraguai-Paraná-Prata; a pesquisa de campo realizada; uma descrição e uma análise do território, a partir dos pontos de vista físico e da navegação, com base na hidrografia; as cidades adjacentes aos rios, visitadas durante a pesquisa, assim como algumas reflexões acerca desses espaços. Finalmente, apresentamos as principais conclusões às quais chegamos com o trabalho.
The work considers the relationsbip of the Paragoay-Paraná-Plata with the surrounding Latiu- American urban space. This waterway, despite having a structured network of cities in the region, generated many geopolítica! conflicts, espedally between Brazil and Argentina, and macroeconomic issues among the five countries involved that does not consider aspects of the reality of coastal populations and the spaces they inhabit. The core of this work is the field research we conducted along the entire length of the waterway, througb which we could see the marks of use that the riverside towns make of the river resources. Are presented in the work: the geopolitical context ofthe Paragoay-Paraná-Plata; the field research; a description and an analysis of the territory, from the physical and the navigation points of view based on hydrography; the visited towns adjacent to rivers, as well as some reflections on these spaces. Finally, we present the main conclusions to which we come througb the work.

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This research work compares the options of monomodality, intermodality and multimodality to the transport of bulk grains from the western region of Paran?. The purpose of the research was to identify the reasons for the low utilization of waterways in comparison with the highways and railways, in this region. In order to do this, were found the main features of the load transport through each of these modal ones, and the performance of the maritime ports of Santos (SP) and Paranagu? (PR), regarded as the most suitable for export such production. The data has been collected from primary sources, by the technique of in situ observation made in river and raiwayl terminals and guided unstructured interviews with some professionals responsible for the logistics of companies engaged in the marketing of grain in the region. It has been used some documentary research to gather secondary data, concerning the characteristics of transport and freight prices. The analysis of content was made through comparison between prices of freight, losses, and the impact in the costs related to the environmental costs, of each simulated arrangement. It found out that the preference in the region for road modal occurs mainly due to the lack of infrastructure logistics for the other modal ones. In the comparison of performance, the Port of Santos presents minor average time of wait to moor a ship than the Port of Paranagu?. It was concluded that the waterway is an alternative to the costs reduction of transport in the region and that there is a latent demand for joint efforts of public and private initiative to reach the solution of the existing deficiencies for the transport of agricultural production of the western region of Paran
Este trabalho de pesquisa compara as opções de monomodalidade, intermodalidade e multimodalidade para o transporte de granéis agrícolas da região Oeste do Paraná. O propósito foi identificar as razões da pouca utilização da hidrovia em comparação à rodovia e ferrovia, nessa região. Para isso, foram levantadas as principais características dos transportes de carga, por meio de cada um desses modais, e o desempenho dos portos marítimos de Santos (SP) e Paranaguá (PR), considerados como destinos mais apropriados para exportação dessa produção. Os dados foram coletados de fontes primárias, a partir da técnica de observação in loco, realizadas nos terminais fluvial e ferroviário, e de entrevistas não estruturadas, guiadas, com alguns profissionais responsáveis pela logística de empresas atuantes na comercialização de grãos da região. Utilizou-se de pesquisa documental para a coleta de dados secundários, referentes às características dos transportes e preços dos fretes. A análise do conteúdo foi feita por comparação entre os preços de fretes, perdas, e impacto nos custos relacionados aos problemas ambientais, de cada arranjo simulado. Constatou-se que a preferência na região pelo modal rodoviário ocorre principalmente devido à falta de infra-estrutura logística para os outros modais. Na comparação de desempenho portuário, o Porto de Santos apresenta menor tempo médio de espera para atracamento dos navios, do que o Porto de Paranaguá. Concluiu-se que a utilização da hidrovia é uma alternativa para redução dos custos de transporte na região e há uma demanda latente na região por esforços conjuntos da iniciativa pública e privada para a solução das deficiências existentes no escoamento da produção agrícola da região Oeste do Paraná.

Dans les années 2010, des politiques urbaines de résilience et de soutien de la biodiversité sont mises en avant, avec pour cœur une gestion renouvelée de l’eau en ville. Pourtant, les travaux de recherche font plutôt état d’une faible efficacité des politiques urbaines environnementales, et interrogent la désirabilité d’une réforme du rapport entre environnement et ville. Les travaux identifient cependant une transformation forte de la gestion urbaine de l’eau depuis les années 1970. Nous proposons de prendre au sérieux la possibilité d’une inflexion écologique et climatique de la gestion des eaux de pluie et des cours d’eau urbains, au moyen de trois hypothèses : celle de la constitution d’une doctrine technique fondée sur des principes écologiques et climatiques ; celle de la transformation de l’hydrologie urbaine, par la démultiplication de nouvelles techniques ; et celle de l’extension de cette doctrine technique à l’urbanisme. Ces hypothèses sont testées par l’étude de la doctrine au prisme des thèmes de l’écologie et du climat, par celle d’un inventaire des techniques issues des doctrines de gestion de l’eau et du témoignage des gestionnaires, dans l’agglomération parisienne. Cinq sites sont étudiés. L’écologie est présente dans la doctrine et les pratiques en tant qu’auxiliaire de l’assainissement, et une éthique écologique est incorporée aux doctrines techniques. L’hydrologie de l’agglomération parisienne n’est pas massivement transformée, cependant elle évolue dans ses marges. Enfin, les quartiers urbains ne sont pas transfigurés par la gestion de l’eau, celle-ci reste ténue, discontinue, sous-jacente et précédée par d’autres logiques d’organisation et de structuration spatiales
Since the 2010s, strategic local policies concerning urban resilience and biodiversity support are being promoted, focusing on ways to renew urban water management. Research points however, to the low effectiveness or efficiency of such urban environmental policies, and questions the need of renewing the relationship between the environment and the city. Other researches put forward that a major change occurs in urban rainwater management since the 1970s. We follow the idea of an ecological and climatic transformation of rainwater and urban rivers management since the 1970s. Three hypotheses underlie this thesis. First, based on ecological and climatic principles, a technical management doctrine transforms the urban water engineering. Secondly, urban hydrology has experienced a shift, carried out by new techniques. Thirdly, this technical doctrine has extended to urban planning and design. We tested the hypotheses by the study of a corpus of guides and technical documents produced between 1970 and 2015; of an inventory of techniques; and of five case-studies, completed with interviews with professionals. The study found that ecology is present, but as an auxiliary to sanitation principles. An ecological ethic is incorporated into technical doctrines : the use of living organisms in engineering is partially based their supposed superior effectiveness in spatial planning. The hydrology of the Paris metropolitan area seems to be marginally evolving. Urban neighborhoods are not transformed by water management : urban water spaces and facilities remain tenuous, discontinuous, underlying and preceded by other logics of spatial organization

碩士
國立臺灣大學
園藝學研究所
89
Abstract Although, the irrigated function of historical waterway''s channel had been lost in today''s city. Comparing to river outside the protecting embankment, they have more function of water-accessible and landscape value for city citizen. Nowadays the channel was broken to pieces by the result of urbanization process. It is much more difficult to restore the environment than before. By refilling clear water, replanting proper vegetation, and rebuilding water-accessible facilities into the original channel, maybe the one of the solutions to give new life for old channel to accomplish a totally ecological space for living things and water-play place for citizen. Therefore, in this study, we direct against on function of water-play and ecological value on these existence waterway channel. By injecting ecological material and new construction way to precede regeneration plan to improve the current problems by result of concrete channels, and recreate a new environment of ecological and water accessible function. The study chooses a section of the Liougong irrigation waterway in National Taiwan University as the planning area. We presented a new concept of ecological、water-accessible function to improve the space of historical irrigation waterway in the city. .

So Chun Wai.
"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2007-2008, design report."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 30).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter PART ONE: --- THESIS RESEARCH
Chapter 1.0 --- ABSTRACT
Chapter 2.0 --- URBAN PHENOMENON
Chapter 2.1 --- Current Situation in Hong Kong
Chapter 2.2 --- Local Case Study of Urban Waterway
Chapter 2.3 --- Waterway in New Town Development
Chapter 3.0 --- SITE: TAi PO - NEWTOWN IMPLEMENTATION ALONG LAM TSUEN RIVER
Chapter 3.1 --- Evolution
Chapter 3.2 --- Division of New and Old City Fabric
Chapter 3.3 --- Existing Context and Sectional Study
Chapter 4.0 --- IDEOLOGY OF URBAN WATERWAY: PRECEDENT RESEARCH
Chapter 4.1 --- Nature Condition
"Aguada Fioodabie Park, Santiago, Chile"
"Cheong Gye Cheors, Seoul"
Chapter 4.2 --- Evolution of a canal city: Amsterdam
Chapter 4.3 --- River Edge Condition
Chapter 4.4 --- River Node Condition
Chapter 4.5 --- Connectivity
Chapter PART TWO: --- DESIGN
Chapter 5.0 --- DESIGN KEY ISSUE
Built and Unbuilt: Urban/Nature Condition
Connectivity and Porosity
Housing Typology
Chapter 6.0 --- DESIGN
Chapter 6.1 --- Strategy
Chapter 6.2 --- Shaping and Transformation
Chapter 6.3 --- Diagrams
Chapter 6.4 --- Living Density Estimation
Chapter 6.5 --- Program Distribution
Chapter 6.6 --- Living Unit Design
Chapter 7.0 --- FINAL DESIGN
Chapter 8.0 --- BIBLIOGRAPHY

Wong Chi Kan, Kenneth.
"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2010-2011, design report."
Includes bibliographical references.
In English with some text in Chinese.
Research
Chapter 00 --- Research Structure
Chapter 01 --- Urbanism in Asia
Urban phenonmenon in the past two centuries
Unique Urban phenonmenon in Asia
New Era of Urban Planning in Asia
Chapter 02 --- Urban Waterway Studies
Evolution of role of urban river
Composition of general urban river
Spatial conception of river
Urban waterway in Western Cities
General Embankment Edge condition
General Node condition
Urban Waterway River In Asian Cities
Chapter I. --- "Suzhou Creek, Shanghai 上海蘇州河"
Chapter II. --- "Cheonggyecheon, Seoul 首爾清溪川"
Chapter III. --- "Malacca River, Malacca 馬六甲河"
Background
Programmatic Zoning Analysis
Riverfront interface analysis
Human activities in river precinct
Interview with local professionals and citizens
Commentary
Chapter 03 --- Sharing
Chapter 04 --- Acknowledgement
Chapter 05 --- Special Studies
Special Study
Chapter 00 --- Constructed Wetland
Role of constructed wetland
Composition of constructed wetland
Constructed wetland construction
Chapter 01 --- Urban Sewage Treatment
Conventional sewage treatment flowchart
Biological sewage treatment flowchart
Design
Chapter 00 --- Site Analysis
Location
Layers of infrastructures
Transportation network
Greenery precinct
Water precinct
Cultural precinct
Chapter 01 --- Design Concept (Urban Scale)
Macro urban biotope - Kai Tak River
Sewage treatment flowchart proposal
Green network and riverfront rehabiltation
Chapter 02 --- Design Concept (Architecture Scale)
Micro urban biotope - Eco-cultural hub
Lanscape Layout
Conceptual diagram
Floor plans
Unfolder sectoinal drawings
Sustainble architectural feature
parametric facade design
biological tube structure
Spatial quality
Chapter 03 --- Reference

This research reveals how an art practice built around ethics of care offers a means of enacting an ecological responsibility. As cities and their human populations continue to grow, urban creeks and green spaces are becoming increasingly important and contested. Habitat loss for non-human species increases the need to care for these places. My volunteer work as a ‘Friend of Merri Creek’ in Melbourne’s northern suburbs, prompted this practice-based research which has explored practices of care as both subject matter and method. I argue that the processual, repetitive and labour-intense nature of my practice are qualities shared by environmental restoration work. This led me to ask: What could my art practice, based in print and textiles, reveal about practices of ecological restoration and degradation at an urban creek? I have set out to explore this question by bringing Merri Creek and my art practice closer together, using the meditative and repetitive acts of walking, weeding, planting, sewing and printing with locally collected plant dye. Through studio and field-based investigation, I have established a way to observe contemporary and historic actions that have altered the Merri Creek ecosystem. Further, through an exploration of process, repetition and labour, I have found ways to produce artworks that manifest through—and reveal—practices of care. My research culminated in three works, brought together in an installation at Wagga Wagga Art Gallery, together with an exegetical text. Building and departing from feminist debates surrounding an ‘ethics of care’, I draw on the work of theorists that approach care from materialist, ecological and practice-based standpoints. If care is a way of seeing and acting in the world in which interdependency and relationships are foregrounded and the potential to take responsibility is raised, then my examination of care as practice and method of art, and its interpretation, offers a path through which to navigate an increasingly precarious world.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
建築與都市設計研究所
99
This research from the small universal sunday news , the news to tell Liugong DaPingLin district dirty and stench, environmental impact caused by living, after the initial observation the researchers, Xindian Liugong waterway is major research areas , Dapinglin district is object analysis , understanding waterway and of related environmental issues surrounding communities. The study aims to document the collection of relevant theory and the statutory policy、 international agencies、 planning targets, combined with field investigation to clarify the waterway of the main and the surrounding community and environment related impacts waterway environmental issues, compiling relevant waterway reshaping considerations, its factor construct level indicators, and revised by the experts interviewed, the use of AHP to calculate the index weights to the indicators as a future priority, transformation order. Based on the findings, the AHP to note two points: first order for the weights, and the second indicator for the level of use. In weight in order to explain the four parts: The first part is sort of the weights; the second part of the index ranking for the assessment project; the third part is to assess the overall ranking; fourth part of the overall evaluation index for the sort, summarize the the important elements of hierarchy and provide ；the future to establish priorities in urban waterway planning criteria canal improvement projects, summarize the important elements of the hierarchy, provide future planning to establish guidelines for urban waterway improvement project priorities. Second, the use level indicators to establish rating, from the relevant people who fill in accordance with the status of the environment of the scores of competitions, and its magnitude is to judge good or bad first transformation sequence; final recommendations to compile the status of issues index improvement projects, as well as indicators of the project and research method The cross-sector research using a combination of mechanisms to improve the waterway re-activation of Shenzhen, in the future to provide waterway and waterfront living in the community to make effective water and environment planning and improvement.

abstract: As urban populations rapidly increase in an era of climate change and multiple social and environmental uncertainties, scientists and governments are cultivating knowledge and solutions for the sustainable growth and maintenance of cities. Although substantial literature focuses on urban water resource management related to both human and ecological sustainability, few studies assess the unique role of waterway restorations to bridge anthropocentric and ecological concerns in urban environments. To address this gap, my study addressed if well-established sustainability principles are evoked during the nascent discourse of recently proposed urban waterway developments along over fifty miles of Arizona’s Salt River. In this study, a deductive content analysis is used to illuminate the emergence of sustainability principles, the framing of the redevelopment, and to illuminate macro-environmental discourses. Three sustainability principles dominated the discourse: civility and democratic governance; livelihood sufficiency and opportunity; and social-ecological system integrity. These three principles connected to three macro-discourses: economic rationalism; democratic pragmatism; and ecological modernity. These results hold implications for policy and theory and inform urban development processes for improvements to sustainability. As continued densification, in-fill and rapid urbanization continues in the 21st century, more cities are looking to reconstruct urban riverways. Therefore, the emergent sustainability discourse regarding potential revitalizations along Arizona’s Salt River is a manifestation of how waterways are perceived, valued, and essential to urban environments for anthropocentric and ecological needs.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Sustainability 2019